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Wang S, Taledaohan A, Tuohan M, Zhang J, Li Y, Song W, Wang Y, Liang X, Wu Q. Jinmaitong alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling in microglia of diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118442. [PMID: 38852640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jinmaitong (JMT) is a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine that is composed of 12 crude drugs. It has been used in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) for more than 30 years. AIM OF STUDY Microglia are thought to play an important role in neuropathic pain. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of JMT against DNP and to investigate the underlying mechanisms in which the microglia and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were mainly involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of JMT was analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The diabetes model was constructed using 11 to 12-week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat (fa/fa). The model rats were divided into 5 groups and were given JMT at three dosages (11.6, 23.2, and 46.4 g/kg, respectively, calculated as the crude drug materials), JAK inhibitor AG490 (positive drug, 10 μg/day), and placebo (deionized water), respectively, for eight weeks (n = 6). Meanwhile, Zucker lean controls (fa/+) were given a placebo (n = 6). Body weight was tested weekly and blood glucose was monitored every 2 weeks. The mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia were assessed using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) tests. After treatment, the microglia activation marker Iba-1, CD11B, CD68, neuroinflammatory mediators, and mediators of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were compared between different groups. The mRNA and protein levels of target genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot, respectively. RESULTS We found that JMT significantly inhibited the overactivation of microglia in spinal cords, and suppressed neuroinflammation of DNP model rats, thereby ameliorating neurological dysfunction and injuries. Furthermore, these effects of JMT could be attributed to the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that JMT effectively ameliorated DNP by modulating microglia activation via inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The present study provided a basis for further research on the therapeutic strategies of DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Ayijiang Taledaohan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Maermaer Tuohan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Jiyi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yaoyang Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xiaochun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Qunli Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Yang B, Wei W, Fang J, Xue Y, Wei J. Diabetic Neuropathic Pain and Circadian Rhythm: A Future Direction Worthy of Study. J Pain Res 2024; 17:3005-3020. [PMID: 39308994 PMCID: PMC11414757 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s467249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
More than half of people with diabetes experience neuropathic pain. Previous research has shown that diabetes patients' neuropathic pain exhibits a circadian cycle, which is characterized by increased pain sensitivity at night. Additional clinical research has revealed that the standard opioid drugs are ineffective at relieving pain and do not change the circadian rhythm. This article describes diabetic neuropathic pain and circadian rhythms separately, with a comprehensive focus on circadian rhythms. It is hoped that this characteristic of diabetic neuropathic pain can be utilized in the future to obtain more effective treatments for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Xue
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Wei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesia, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Field R, Pourkazemi F, Hashempur MH, Thiruvengadam M, Rooney K. Editorial: Diet, nutrition, and functional foods for chronic pain. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1456706. [PMID: 39328463 PMCID: PMC11424929 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1456706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Field
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fereshteh Pourkazemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wang JC, Crosson T, Nikpoor AR, Gupta S, Rafei M, Talbot S. NOCICEPTOR NEURONS CONTROL POLLUTION-MEDIATED NEUTROPHILIC ASTHMA. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.22.609202. [PMID: 39229121 PMCID: PMC11370576 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.22.609202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The immune and sensory nervous systems, having evolved together, use a shared language of receptors and transmitters to maintain homeostasis by responding to external and internal disruptions. Although beneficial in many cases, neurons can exacerbate inflammation during allergic reactions, such as asthma. Our research modeled asthma aggravated by pollution, exposing mice to ambient PM2.5 particles and ovalbumin. This exposure significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils and γδ T cells compared to exposure to ovalbumin alone. We normalized airway inflammation and lung neutrophil levels by silencing nociceptor neurons at inflammation's peak using intranasal QX-314 or ablating TRPV1-expressing neurons. Additionally, we observed heightened sensitivity in chemical-sensing TRPA1 channels in neurons from pollution-exacerbated asthmatic mice. Elevated levels of artemin were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pollution-exposed mice, with artemin levels normalizing in mice with ablated nociceptor neurons. Upon exposure PM2.5 particles, alveolar macrophages expressing pollution-sensing aryl hydrocarbon receptors, were identified as the source of artemin. This molecule enhanced TRPA1 responsiveness and increased neutrophil influx, providing a novel mechanism by which lung-innervating neurons respond to air pollution and suggesting a potential therapeutic target for controlling neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma, a clinically intractable condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Chiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University de Montreal, Canada
| | - Theo Crosson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University de Montreal, Canada
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Canada
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University de Montreal, Canada
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Canada
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Gupta S, Viotti A, Eichwald T, Roger A, Kaufmann E, Othman R, Ghasemlou N, Rafei M, Foster SL, Talbot S. Navigating the blurred path of mixed neuroimmune signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:924-938. [PMID: 38373475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Evolution has created complex mechanisms to sense environmental danger and protect tissues, with the nervous and immune systems playing pivotal roles. These systems work together, coordinating local and systemic reflexes to restore homeostasis in response to tissue injury and infection. By sharing receptors and ligands, they influence the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recently, a less-explored aspect of neuroimmune communication has emerged: the release of neuropeptides from immune cells and cytokines/chemokines from sensory neurons. This article reviews evidence of this unique neuroimmune interplay and its impact on the development of allergy, inflammation, itch, and pain. We highlight the effects of this neuroimmune signaling on vital processes such as host defense, tissue repair, and inflammation resolution, providing avenues for exploration of the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential of this signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Gupta
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Viotti
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tuany Eichwald
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anais Roger
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Eva Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rahmeh Othman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simmie L Foster
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Llorián-Salvador M, Cabeza-Fernández S, Gomez-Sanchez JA, de la Fuente AG. Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:47. [PMID: 38236305 PMCID: PMC10796438 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic that due to its increasing prevalence worldwide will likely become the most common debilitating health condition. Even if diabetes is primarily a metabolic disorder, it is now well established that key aspects of the pathogenesis of diabetes are associated with nervous system alterations, including deleterious chronic inflammation of neural tissues, referred here as neuroinflammation, along with different detrimental glial cell responses to stress conditions and neurodegenerative features. Moreover, diabetes resembles accelerated aging, further increasing the risk of developing age-linked neurodegenerative disorders. As such, the most common and disabling diabetic comorbidities, namely diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive decline, are intimately associated with neurodegeneration. As described in aging and other neurological disorders, glial cell alterations such as microglial, astrocyte, and Müller cell increased reactivity and dysfunctionality, myelin loss and Schwann cell alterations have been broadly described in diabetes in both human and animal models, where they are key contributors to chronic noxious inflammation of neural tissues within the PNS and CNS. In this review, we aim to describe in-depth the common and unique aspects underlying glial cell changes observed across the three main diabetic complications, with the goal of uncovering shared glial cells alterations and common pathological mechanisms that will enable the discovery of potential targets to limit neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegeneration in all three diabetic complications. Diabetes and its complications are already a public health concern due to its rapidly increasing incidence, and thus its health and economic impact. Hence, understanding the key role that glial cells play in the pathogenesis underlying peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and cognitive decline in diabetes will provide us with novel therapeutic approaches to tackle diabetic-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Llorián-Salvador
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
| | - Sonia Cabeza-Fernández
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Alerie G de la Fuente
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
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Yin J, Cheng L, Hong Y, Li Z, Li C, Ban X, Zhu L, Gu Z. A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Glycemic Carbohydrates on the Neurocognitive Functions Based on Gut Microenvironment Regulation and Glycemic Fluctuation Control. Nutrients 2023; 15:5080. [PMID: 38140339 PMCID: PMC10745758 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper glycemic carbohydrates (GCs) consumption can be a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which may lead to cognitive impairment. Although several potential mechanisms have been studied, the biological relationship between carbohydrate consumption and neurocognitive impairment is still uncertain. In this review, the main effects and mechanisms of GCs' digestive characteristics on cognitive functions are comprehensively elucidated. Additionally, healthier carbohydrate selection, a reliable research model, and future directions are discussed. Individuals in their early and late lives and patients with metabolic diseases are highly susceptible to dietary-induced cognitive impairment. It is well known that gut function is closely related to dietary patterns. Unhealthy carbohydrate diet-induced gut microenvironment disorders negatively impact cognitive functions through the gut-brain axis. Moreover, severe glycemic fluctuations, due to rapidly digestible carbohydrate consumption or metabolic diseases, can impair neurocognitive functions by disrupting glucose metabolism, dysregulating calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and accumulating advanced glycation end products. Unstable glycemic status can lead to more severe neurological impairment than persistent hyperglycemia. Slow-digested or resistant carbohydrates might contribute to better neurocognitive functions due to stable glycemic response and healthier gut functions than fully gelatinized starch and nutritive sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Karavis MY, Siafaka I, Vadalouca A, Georgoudis G. Role of Microglia in Neuropathic Pain. Cureus 2023; 15:e43555. [PMID: 37719474 PMCID: PMC10503876 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are specialized macrophage cells of the central nervous system responsible for the innate immunity of the spinal cord and the brain. They protect the brain and spinal cord from invaders, microbes, demyelination, trauma and remove defective cells and neurons. For immune protection, microglial cells possess a significant number of receptors and chemical mediators that allow them to communicate rapidly and specifically with all cells of the nervous tissue. The contribution of microglia in neuropathic pain challenges conventional concepts toward neurons being the only structure responsible for the pathophysiological changes that drive neuropathic pain. The present study is a narrative review focusing on the literature concerning the complex interaction between neurons and microglia in the development of neuropathic pain. Injury in the peripheral or central nervous system may result in maladaptive changes in neurons and microglial cells. In neuropathic pain, microglial cells have an important role in initiating and maintenance of pain and inflammation. The interaction between neural and microglial cells has been proven extremely crucial for chronic pain. The study of individual mechanisms at the level of the spinal cord and the brain is an interesting and groundbreaking research challenge. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which neurons and immune cells interact, could constitute microglial cells a new therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miltiades Y Karavis
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC
| | - Ioanna Siafaka
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
| | - Athina Vadalouca
- 1st Department of Anesthesiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
| | - George Georgoudis
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, Athens, GRC
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Kuthati Y, Rao VN, Huang WH, Busa P, Wong CS. Teneligliptin Co-Infusion Alleviates Morphine Tolerance by Inhibition of Spinal Microglial Cell Activation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1478. [PMID: 37508016 PMCID: PMC10376493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphine (MOR) is a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of moderate to severe diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). However, long-term MOR treatment is limited by morphine analgesic tolerance (MAT). The activation of microglial cells and the release of glia-derived proinflammatory cytokines are known to play an important role in the development of MAT. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) teneligliptin (TEN) on MOR-induced microglial cell activation and MAT in DNP rats. DNP was induced in four groups of male Wistar rats through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg, freshly dissolved in 5 mmol/L citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Sham rats were administered with the vehicle. Seven days after STZ injection, all rats were implanted with an intrathecal (i.t) catheter connected to a mini-osmotic pump, divided into five groups, and infused with the following combinations: sham + saline (1 µL/h, i.t), DNP + saline (1 µL/h, i.t), DNP + MOR (15 µg/h, i.t), DNP + TEN (2 µg/h, i.t), and DNP + MOR (15 µg/h, i.t) + TEN (2 µg/h, i.t) for 7 days at a rate of 1 μL/h. The MAT was confirmed through the measurement of mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and tail-flick tests. The mRNA expression of neuroprotective proteins nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the dorsal horn was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Microglial cell activation and mononucleate cell infiltration in the spinal cord dorsal horn were assessed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting (WB). The results showed that co-infusion of TEN with MOR significantly attenuated MAT in DNP rats through the restoration of neuroprotective proteins Nrf2 and HO-1 and suppression of microglial cell activation in the dorsal horn. Though TEN at a dose of 2 μg has mild antinociceptive effects, it is highly effective in limiting MAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vaikar Navakanth Rao
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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Sabari SS, Balasubramani K, Iyer M, Sureshbabu HW, Venkatesan D, Gopalakrishnan AV, Narayanaswamy A, Senthil Kumar N, Vellingiri B. Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and Parkinson's Disease (PD): a Mechanistic Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03359-y. [PMID: 37118323 PMCID: PMC10144908 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggest that there is a connection between Parkinson's disease (PD) and insulin dysregulation in the brain, whilst the connection between PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still up for debate. Insulin is widely recognised to play a crucial role in neuronal survival and brain function; any changes in insulin metabolism and signalling in the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to the development of various brain disorders. There is accumulating evidence linking T2DM to PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, they have a lot in common patho-physiologically, including insulin dysregulation, oxidative stress resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, microglial activation, and inflammation. As a result, initial research should focus on the role of insulin and its molecular mechanism in order to develop therapeutic outcomes. In this current review, we will look into the link between T2DM and PD, the function of insulin in the brain, and studies related to impact of insulin in causing T2DM and PD. Further, we have also highlighted the role of various insulin signalling pathway in both T2DM and PD. We have also suggested that T2DM-targeting pharmacological strategies as potential therapeutic approach for individuals with cognitive impairment, and we have demonstrated the effectiveness of T2DM-prescribed drugs through current PD treatment trials. In conclusion, this investigation would fill a research gap in T2DM-associated Parkinson's disease (PD) with a potential therapy option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sri Sabari
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiruthika Balasubramani
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harysh Winster Sureshbabu
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Arul Narayanaswamy
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Zádori ZS, Király K, Al-Khrasani M, Gyires K. Interactions between NSAIDs, opioids and the gut microbiota - Future perspectives in the management of inflammation and pain. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108327. [PMID: 36473615 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The composition of intestinal microbiota is influenced by a number of factors, including medications, which may have a substantial impact on host physiology. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesics are among those widely used medications that have been shown to alter microbiota composition in both animals and humans. Although much effort has been devoted to identify microbiota signatures associated with these medications, much less is known about the underlying mechanisms. Mucosal inflammation, changes in intestinal motility, luminal pH and bile acid metabolism, or direct drug-induced inhibitory effect on bacterial growth are all potential contributors to NSAID- and opioid-induced dysbiosis, however, only a few studies have addressed directly these issues. In addition, there is a notable overlap between the microbiota signatures of these drugs and certain diseases in which they are used, such as spondyloarthritis (SpA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neuropathic pain associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aims of the present review are threefold. First, we aim to provide a comprehensive up-to-date summary on the bacterial alterations caused by NSAIDs and opioids. Second, we critically review the available data on the possible underlying mechanisms of dysbiosis. Third, we review the current knowledge on gut dysbiosis associated with SpA, RA and neuropathic pain in T2D, and highlight the similarities between them and those caused by NSAIDs and opioids. We posit that drug-induced dysbiosis may contribute to the persistence of these diseases, and may potentially limit the therapeutic effect of these medications by long-term use. In this context, we will review the available literature data on the effect of probiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation on the therapeutic efficacy of NSAIDs and opioids in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Kubis-Kubiak A, Wiatrak B, Piwowar A. Hyper-glycemia and insulinemia induce morphological changes and modulate secretion of S100B, S100A8, amyloid β 1–40 and amyloid β 1–42, in a model of human dopaminergic neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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13
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Ocak Ö, Silan F, Şahin EM. Melatonin receptor gene polymorphisms as a risk factor in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3573. [PMID: 36018079 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Melatonin is one of the most powerful endogenous antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated how the gene polymorphism of melatonin differs in patients with DPN compared to an healthy control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 54 diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients who applied to the Neurology outpatient clinic between 2020 and 2021, and 53 healthy controls comparable with the patient group in terms of age and gender were included in the study. Electromyography was performed and the melatonin gene polymorphism was analysed using the pyrosequencing method. RESULTS Melatonin gene variants rs2119882, rs13140012, and rs10830963 were analysed in patients and controls. The rs2119882 (G allele) has a protective role, and rs13140012 polymorphism has a related 5-fold higher risk of DPN in the recessive model. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin gene polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with DPN. This is the first and only study investigating the relationship between melatonin gene polymorphisms and DPN. Ethnicity is very important in genetic studies, and it will give us more information on the role of melatonin gene variants in larger study groups of diabetic patients of other ethnic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgül Ocak
- Department of Neurology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Fatma Silan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Erkan Melih Şahin
- Department of Family Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale, Turkey
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14
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Contribution of hyperglycemia-induced changes in microglia to Alzheimer's disease pathology. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:832-846. [PMID: 36042131 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by cognitive and functional impairments. The investigation of AD has focused on the formation of senile plaques, composed mainly by amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Senile plaques and NFTs cause the excessive recruitment and activation of microglia, thus generating neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Among the risk factors for the development of AD, diabetes has increasingly attracted attention. Hyperglycemia, the fundamental characteristic of diabetes, is involved in several mechanisms that give rise to microglial overactivation, resulting in neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. Indeed, various studies have identified the correlation between diabetes and AD. The aim of this review is to describe various mechanisms of the hyperglycemia-induced overactivation of microglia, which leads to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage and consequently contributes to the pathology of AD. The disruption of the regulation of microglial activity by hyperglycemia occurs through many mechanisms, including a greater production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glycation end products (AGEs), and a decrease in the elimination of Aβ. The future direction of research on the relation between hyperglycemia and AD is addressed, such as the importance of determining whether the hyperglycemia-induced harmful effects on microglial activity can be reversed or attenuated if blood glucose returns to a normal level.
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15
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Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Archie SR, Chowdhury EA, Abbruscato TJ. Brain Energy Metabolism in Ischemic Stroke: Effects of Smoking and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158512. [PMID: 35955647 PMCID: PMC9369264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of energy metabolism in the brain is crucial for maintaining brain activity in physiological and different pathophysiological conditions. Ischemic stroke has a complex pathophysiology which includes perturbations in the brain energy metabolism processes which can contribute to worsening of brain injury and stroke outcome. Smoking and diabetes are common risk factors and comorbid conditions for ischemic stroke which have also been associated with disruptions in brain energy metabolism. Simultaneous presence of these conditions may further alter energy metabolism in the brain leading to a poor clinical prognosis after an ischemic stroke event. In this review, we discuss the possible effects of smoking and/or diabetes on brain glucose utilization and mitochondrial energy metabolism which, when present concurrently, may exacerbate energy metabolism in the ischemic brain. More research is needed to investigate brain glucose utilization and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in ischemic stroke in the presence of smoking and/or diabetes, which would provide further insights on the pathophysiology of these comorbid conditions and facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions.
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16
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Mechanism of Glucose Water as a Neural Injection: A Perspective on Neuroinflammation. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060832. [PMID: 35743863 PMCID: PMC9225069 DOI: 10.3390/life12060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The entrapment of peripheral nerves is associated with chronic neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain, and perineural injection therapy with glucose is emerging as an effective treatment for peripheral entrapment neuropathy. However, the mechanism underlying the pharmacological effect of glucose on nerves remains unclear. One of the hypothesized mechanisms is that glucose reduces neurogenic inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the effects of high glucose concentrations on cytokine-induced neuroinflammation in vitro. Human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were challenged with 10 ng/mL TNF-α for 16 h and subsequently treated with different glucose concentrations (0–25 mM) for 24 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were assessed using ELISA and quantitative PCR. In addition, mRNA levels of NF-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 were analyzed using quantitative PCR. Exposure to 10 ng/mL TNF-α resulted in decreased viability of SH-SY5Y cells and significant upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, and cyclooxygenase-2. Subsequent exposure to high glucose levels (25 mM) markedly reduced the upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2, and NF-κB, and restored the functional metabolism of SH-SY5Y cells, compared with that of the normal glucose control. Our findings suggest that high glucose concentrations can mitigate TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and metabolic dysfunction.
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17
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Nahar N, Mohamed S, Mustapha NM, Fong LS. Protective effects of Labisia pumila against neuropathy in a diabetic rat model. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1-11. [PMID: 35673507 PMCID: PMC9167350 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes accelerates peripheral, distal symmetric polyneuropathy, small fiber predominant neuropathy, radiculoplexopathy, and autonomic neuropathy. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of gallic acid and myricetin-rich Labisia pumila extract in a diabetic neuropathy rat model and evaluated the neuropathy correlationship with serum inflammatory biomarkers. Methods Thirty male rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6), namely: healthy control; non-treated diabetic control; and diabetic-rats treated with 200 mg/kg metformin; Labisia pumila ethanol extract (LP) at 150 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg doses. Diabetes was induced by 60 mg streptozotocin /kg intraperitoneal injection. Rats were orally treated daily for ten weeks. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG), neurological functions (hot plate and tail immersion; thermal hyperalgesia; cold allodynia; motor walking function), biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress, the neuro-histopathological changes, and brain somatic index were measured. Results The extract significantly prevented abnormal increases in FBG and decreases in body weight gain. It attenuated behavioral dysfunctions (hot plate and tail immersion; thermal hyperalgesia; cold allodynia; motor walking function), systemic inflammation (serum TNF-α, prostaglandin-E2) oxidative tension (malondialdehyde), histological brain and sciatic nerve injuries in the diabetic-rats, better than Metformin. Conclusion LP mitigated neural dysfunction better than metformin partly by amending diabetic systemic inflammation, oxidative tension, and diabetic abnormalities. The nerve injuries were strongly correlated to serum prostaglandin-E2, TNF-α levels, and walking functions. The motor function was correlated to sensory neuronal functions, inflammation, and oxidation. The sensory neuronal functions were more affected by TNF-α than prostaglandin-E2 or oxidation. Diabetic brain and sciatic nerve deteriorations were influenced by serum TNF-α, PGE2, and MDA levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00905-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmun Nahar
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Mohamed
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Lau Seng Fong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
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18
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Abstract
Internal organs, including the airway, are innervated by neurons of the autonomic and sensory nervous systems. The airway-innervating sensory neurons primarily originate from the vagus nerve, whose cell bodies are found, in rodents, in the jugular and nodose ganglia complex (JNC). About half of these sensory neurons expressed the heat-sensing ion channel TRPV1 and evolved to limit tissue damage by detecting chemical, mechanical, or thermal threats and to initiate protective airway reflexes such as coughing and bronchoconstriction. They also help monitor the host homeostasis by sensing nutrients, pressure, and O2 levels and help mount airway defenses by controlling immune and goblet cell activity. To better appreciate the scope of the physiological role and pathological contributions of these neurons, we will review gain and loss-of-function approaches geared at controlling the activity of these neurons. We will also present a method to study transcriptomic changes in airway-innervating neurons and a co-culture approach designed to understand how nociceptors modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Chiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Theo Crosson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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19
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James CF, Tripathi S, Karampatou K, Gladston DV, Pappachan JM. Pharmacotherapy of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Clinical Update. SISLI ETFAL HASTANESI TIP BULTENI 2022; 56:1-20. [PMID: 35515975 PMCID: PMC9040305 DOI: 10.14744/semb.2021.54670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) leads on to an increase in chronic diabetic complications. Diabetic peripheral neuropathies (DPNs) are common chronic complications of diabetes. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy is the most prevalent form. Most patients with DPN will remain pain-free; however, painful DPN (PDPN) occurs in 6-34% of all DM patients and is associated with reduced health-related-quality-of-life and substantial economic burden. Symptomatic treatment of PDPN and diabetic autonomic neuropathy is the key treatment goals. Using certain patient related characteristics, subjects with PDPN can be stratified and assigned targeted therapies to produce better pain outcomes. The aim of this review is to discuss the various pathogenetic mechanisms of DPN with special reference to the mechanisms leading to PDPN and the various pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies available for its management. Recommended pharmacological therapies include anticonvulsants, antidepressants, opioid analgesics, and topical medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Fernandez James
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Shiva Tripathi
- Department of Anaesthesia & Pain Management, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriaki Karampatou
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Divya V Gladston
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom; The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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20
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Wang L, Chen Y, Wei L, He J. BMP-6 Attenuates Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation-Induced Apoptosis in Human Neural Stem Cells through Inhibiting p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 15:144-154. [PMID: 34711703 PMCID: PMC9148838 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Neural stem cells (NSCs) remain in the mammalian brain throughout life and provide a novel therapeutic strategy for central nervous system (CNS) injury. Bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) had shown a protective effect in different types of cells. However, the role of BMP-6 in NSCs is largely unclear. The present study was aimed to investigate whether BMP-6 could protect human NSCs (hNSCs) against the oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell death. Methods and Results Upon challenge with OGD treatment, cell viability was significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner, as indicated by the CCK-8 assay. BMP-6 could attenuate the OGD-induced cell injury in a dose-dependent manner and decrease the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Moreover, BMP-6 markedly weakened the OGD-induced alterations in the expression of procaspase-8/9/3 and reversed the expression of cleaved-caspase-3. Interestingly, noggin protein (the BMP-6 inhibitor) attenuated the neuroprotective effect of BMP-6 in cultured hNSCs. Furthermore, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated by OGD treatment and BMP-6 markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with noggin abolished the effect of BMP-6 on p38 activation. SB239063, a selective p38 inhibitor, exerted similar effects with BMP-6 in protecting hNSCs against the OGD-induced apoptosis. These results indicated that blocking the phosphorylation of p38 might contribute to the neuroprotective effect of BMP-6 against the OGD-induced injury in hNSCs. Conclusions These findings suggested that BMP-6 might be a therapeutic target in the OGD-induced cell death, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for enhancing host and graft NSCs survival in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Pergolizzi JV, Varrassi G, Magnusson P, Breve F, Raffa RB, Christo PJ, Chopra M, Paladini A, LeQuang JA, Mitchell K, Coluzzi F. Pharmacologic agents directed at the treatment of pain associated with maladaptive neuronal plasticity. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:105-116. [PMID: 34461795 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1970135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The definition of nociplastic pain in 2016 has changed the way maladaptive chronic pain is viewed in that it may emerge without neural lesions or neural disease. Many endogenous and pharmacologic substances are being investigated for their role in treating the pain associated with neuronal plasticity. AREAS COVERED The authors review promising pharmacologic agents for the treatment of pain associated with maladaptive neuronal plasticity. The authors then provide the reader with their expert opinion and provide their perspectives for the future. EXPERT OPINION An imbalance between the amplification of ascending pain signals and the poor activation of descending inhibitory signals may be at the root of many chronic pain syndromes. The inhibitory activity of noradrenaline reuptake may play a role in neuropathic and nociplastic analgesia. A better understanding of the brain's pain matrix, its signaling cascades, and the complex bidirectional communication between the immune system and the nervous system may help meet the urgent and unmet medical need for safe, effective chronic pain treatment, particularly for pain with a neuropathic and/or nociplastic component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Magnusson
- Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Cardiology Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Breve
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Robert B Raffa
- College of Pharmacy (Adjunct), University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.,Temple University School of Pharmacy (Professor Emeritus), Philadelphia, USA
| | - Paul J Christo
- Associate Professor, the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Flaminia Coluzzi
- Department Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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22
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Bayatzadeh MA, Zare Mirakabadi A, Babaei N, Doulah A, Doosti A. Expression and purification of recombinant alpha-toxin AnCra1 from the scorpion Androctonus crassicauda and its functional characterization on mammalian sodium channels. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6303-6312. [PMID: 34379289 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-scorpion toxins with long-chain peptide and four disulfide bonds represent diverse pharmacological profiles for various subtypes of voltage-gated sodium channels. Obtaining the natural toxins are difficult and time-consuming process, which represents the major difficulty to interpreting analysis of their structural and functional properties. METHODS AND RESULTS This study describes the toxin peptide and plasmid construct containing the gene coding for mammalian toxin AnCra1 from the scorpion Androctonus crassicauda venom. We have established genetic construction of fusion protein in pET32a + vector containing thioredoxin (Trx-tag), enterokinase cleavage site and 6xhistidine-tag for efficient expression in Escherichia coli strain RG2 (DE3). The soluble expressed peptide, then purified by Ni-NTA resin affinity chromatography and its purity was confirmed by reverse-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry (7433.54 Da.). The electrophysiological data showed that recombinant AnCra1 selectively inhibits the fast inactivation of hNav1.7 channel (EC50 = 136.7 ± 6.6 nM). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the AnCra1 is structurally and functionally analogous to alpha excitatory toxins; furthermore, expression and purification of bioactive scorpion toxins in bacterial cells can be a practicable and efficient way to obtain a novel source of toxin peptides as tools to study the function and physiological responses of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Bayatzadeh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abbas Zare Mirakabadi
- Venomous Animals and Antivenom Production Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research- Education and Extension Organization, Hesarak, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
| | - Nahid Babaei
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abdolhassan Doulah
- Department of Nursing, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Cho E, Kim W. Effect of Acupuncture on Diabetic Neuropathy: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168575. [PMID: 34445280 PMCID: PMC8395323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy, a major complication of diabetes mellitus, refers to a collection of clinically diverse disorders affecting the nervous system that may present with pain. Although the number of patients suffering from severe neuropathy is increasing, no optimal treatment method has been developed yet. Acupuncture is well known for its ability to reduce various kinds of pain, and a number of studies have also reported its effect on diabetes mellitus; however, its effect and underlying mechanism against diabetic neuropathy are not yet clearly understood. In this review, ten and five studies performed in humans and animals, respectively, were analyzed. All studies reported that acupuncture significantly relieved diabetic neuropathy. ST36, BL13, BL20, SP6, and SP9 were the most widely used acupoints. Five studies used electro-acupuncture, whereas other studies used manual acupuncture. Furthermore, the effect of acupuncture was shown to be mediated through the various molecules present in the peripheral nerves and spinal cord, such as P65, GPR78, and TRPV1. Five studies reported side effects, such as swelling, numbness, and nausea, but none were reported to be serious. Based on these results, we suggest that acupuncture should be considered as a treatment option for diabetic neuropathy.
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Malheiro A, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Peripheral neurovascular link: an overview of interactions and in vitro models. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:623-638. [PMID: 34127366 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nerves and blood vessels (BVs) establish extensive arborized networks to innervate tissues and deliver oxygen/metabolic support. Developmental cues direct the formation of these intricate and often overlapping patterns, which reflect close interactions within the peripheral neurovascular system. Besides the mutual dependence to survive and function, nerves and BVs share several receptors and ligands, as well as principles of differentiation, growth and pathfinding. Neurovascular (NV) interactions are maintained in adult life and are essential for certain regenerative mechanisms, such as wound healing. In pathological situations (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus), the NV system can be severely perturbed and become dysfunctional. Unwanted neural growth and vascularization are also associated with the progression of some pathologies, such as cancer and endometriosis. In this review, we describe the fundamental NV interactions in development, highlighting the similarities between both networks and wiring mechanisms. We also describe the NV contribution to regenerative processes and potential pathological dysfunctions. Finally, we provide an overview of current in vitro models used to replicate and investigate the NV ecosystem, addressing present limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Malheiro
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Lu J, Yang L, Xu Y, Ai L, Chen J, Xiong F, Hu L, Chen H, Liu J, Yan X, Huang H, Chen L, Yu C. The Modulatory Effect of Motor Cortex Astrocytes on Diabetic Neuropathic Pain. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5287-5302. [PMID: 33753547 PMCID: PMC8211549 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2566-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes characterized by persistent pain. Emerging evidence links astrocytes to mechanical nociceptive processing, and the motor cortex (MCx) is a cerebral cortex region that is known to play a key role in pain regulation. However, the association between MCx astrocytes and DNP pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Here, we studied this association using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs to specifically manipulate MCx astrocytes. We proved that the selective inhibition of MCx astrocytes reduced DNP in streptozocin (STZ)-induced DNP models and discovered a potential mechanism by which astrocytes release cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, to increase neuronal activation in the MCx, thereby regulating pain. Together, these results demonstrate a pivotal role for MCx astrocytes in DNP pathogenesis and provide new insight into DNP treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lijing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Fangfang Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lihuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huoshu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiongbin Yan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Changxi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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Gasparin AT, Rosa ES, Jesus CHA, Guiloski IC, da Silva de Assis HC, Beltrame OC, Dittrich RL, Pacheco SDG, Zanoveli JM, da Cunha JM. Bixin attenuates mechanical allodynia, anxious and depressive-like behaviors associated with experimental diabetes counteracting oxidative stress and glycated hemoglobin. Brain Res 2021; 1767:147557. [PMID: 34107278 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, depression, and anxiety are common comorbidities in diabetic patients, whose pathophysiology involves hyperglycemia-induced increased oxidative stress. Bixin (BIX), an apocarotenoid extracted from the seeds of Bixa orellana, has been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes and has been recognized by its antioxidant profile. We aimed to investigate the effect of the BIX over the mechanical allodynia, depressive, and anxious-like behaviors associated with experimental diabetes, along with its involved mechanisms. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated for 17 days (starting 14 days after diabetes induction) with the corresponding vehicle, BIX (10, 30 or 90 mg/kg; p.o), or INS (6 IU; s.c.). Mechanical allodynia, depressive, and anxious-like behavior were assessed by electronic Von Frey, forced swimming, and elevated plus-maze tests, respectively. Locomotor activity was assessed by the open field test. Blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1) and the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated on the hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex, lumbar spinal cord, and sciatic nerve. Diabetic animals developed mechanical allodynia, depressive and anxious-like behavior, increased plasma HbA1, increased LPO, and decreased GSH levels in tissues analyzed. Repeated BIX-treatment (at all tested doses) significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia, the depressive (30 and 90 mg/kg) and, anxious-like behaviors (all doses) in diabetic rats, without changing the locomotor performance. BIX (at all tested doses) restored the oxidative parameters in tissues analyzed and reduced the plasma HbA1. Thereby, bixin may represent an alternative for the treatment of comorbidities associated with diabetes, counteracting oxidative stress and plasma HbA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Thamara Gasparin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Evelize Stacoviaki Rosa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Alves Jesus
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Olair Carlos Beltrame
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Locatelli Dittrich
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Menezes Zanoveli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Joice Maria da Cunha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Pain, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Tan MWY, Tan WR, Kong ZQ, Toh JH, Wee WKJ, Teo EML, Cheng HS, Wang X, Tan NS. High Glucose Restraint of Acetylcholine-Induced Keratinocyte Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Is Mitigated by p38 Inhibition. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1438-1449.e9. [PMID: 33333125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-neuronal acetylcholine (Ach) plays important roles in various aspects of cell biology and homeostasis outside the neural system. Keratinocytes (KCs) have a functional cholinergic mechanism, suggesting that they respond to Ach. However, the physiological role and mechanism by which Ach modulates wound KC behavior in both nondiabetic and diabetic conditions are unexplored. We found an enrichment in neurotransmitter-related pathways in microdissected-migrating nondiabetic and diabetic KCs. We showed that Ach upregulated TGFβRII through Src-extracellular signal‒regulated kinase 1/2 pathway to potentiate TGFβ1-mediated epithelial‒mesenchymal transition in normoglycemic condition. Unexpectedly, KCs were nonresponsive to the elevated endogenous Ach in a hyperglycemic environment. We further showed that the activation of p38 MAPK in high glucose condition interferes with Src-extracellular signal‒regulated kinase 1/2 signaling, resulting in Ach resistance that could be rescued by inhibiting p38 MAPK. A better understanding of the cholinergic physiology in diabetic KCs could improve wound management and care. The finding suggests that mitigating the inhibitory effect of diabetic wound microenvironment has a direct clinical implication on the efficacy and safety of various wound healing agents to improve chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wei Yi Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ze Qing Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Hong Toh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Kiat Jonathan Wee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Mei Ling Teo
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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28
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Beneficial effects of ferulic acid alone and in combination with insulin in streptozotocin induced diabetic neuropathy in Sprague Dawley rats. Life Sci 2020; 255:117856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ifenprodil Reduced Expression of Activated Microglia, BDNF and DREAM Proteins in the Spinal Cord Following Formalin Injection During the Early Stage of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:379-393. [PMID: 32671697 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological inhibition of glial activation is one of the new approaches for combating neuropathic pain in which the role of glia in the modulation of neuropathic pain has attracted significant interest and attention. Neuron-glial crosstalk is achieved with N-methyl-D-aspartate-2B receptor (NMDAR-2B) activation. This study aims to determine the effect of ifenprodil, a potent noncompetitive NMDAR-2B antagonist, on activated microglia, brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) protein expression in the spinal cord of streptozotocin-induced painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) rats following formalin injection. In this experimentation, 48 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups: (n = 12): control, PDN, and ifenprodil-treated PDN rats at 0.5 μg or 1.0 μg for 7 days. Type I diabetes mellitus was then induced by injecting streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) into the rats which were then over a 2-week period allowed to progress into the early phase of PDN. Ifenprodil was administered in PDN rats while saline was administered intrathecally in the control group. A formalin test was conducted during the fourth week to induce inflammatory nerve injury, in which the rats were sacrificed at 72 h post-formalin injection. The lumbar enlargement region (L4-L5) of the spinal cord was dissected for immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. The results demonstrated a significant increase in formalin-induced flinching and licking behavior with an increased spinal expression of activated microglia, BDNF and DREAM proteins. It was also shown that the ifenprodil-treated rats following both doses reduced the extent of their flinching and duration of licking in PDN in a dose-dependent manner. As such, ifenprodil successfully demonstrated inhibition against microglia activation and suppressed the expression of BDNF and DREAM proteins in the spinal cord of PDN rats. In conclusion, ifenprodil may alleviate PDN by suppressing spinal microglia activation, BDNF and DREAM proteins.
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30
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Estrada JA, Ducrocq GP, Kim JS, Kaufman MP. Intrathecal injection of brilliant blue G, a P2X7 antagonist, attenuates the exercise pressor reflex in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R223-R232. [PMID: 32609538 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00093.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic 2X (P2X) receptors on the endings of group III and IV afferents play a role in evoking the exercise pressor reflex. Particular attention has been paid to P2X3 receptors because their blockade in the periphery attenuated this reflex. In contrast, nothing is known about the role played by P2X receptors in the spinal cord in evoking the exercise pressor reflex in rats. P2X7 receptors, in particular, may be especially important in this regard because they are found in abundance on spinal glial cells and may communicate with neurons to effect reflexes controlling cardiovascular function. Consequently, we investigated the role played by spinal P2X7 receptors in evoking the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrated rats. We found that intrathecal injection of the P2X7 antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG) attenuated the exercise pressor reflex (blood pressure index: 294 ± 112 mmHg·s before vs. 7 ± 32 mmHg·s after; P < 0.05). Likewise, intrathecal injection of minocycline, which inhibits microglial cell output, attenuated the reflex. In contrast, intrathecal injection of BBG did not attenuate the pressor response evoked by intracarotid injection of sodium cyanide, a maneuver that stimulated carotid chemoreceptors. Moreover, injections of BBG either into the arterial supply of the contracting hindlimb muscles or into the jugular vein did not attenuate the exercise pressor reflex. Our findings support the hypothesis that P2X7 receptors on microglial cells within the spinal cord play a role in evoking the exercise pressor reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Estrada
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Guillaume P Ducrocq
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joyce S Kim
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Marc P Kaufman
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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31
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Asiri MMH, Engelsman S, Eijkelkamp N, Höppener JWM. Amyloid Proteins and Peripheral Neuropathy. Cells 2020; 9:E1553. [PMID: 32604774 PMCID: PMC7349787 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful peripheral neuropathy affects millions of people worldwide. Peripheral neuropathy develops in patients with various diseases, including rare familial or acquired amyloid polyneuropathies, as well as some common diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and several chronic inflammatory diseases. Intriguingly, these diseases share a histopathological feature-deposits of amyloid-forming proteins in tissues. Amyloid-forming proteins may cause tissue dysregulation and damage, including damage to nerves, and may be a common cause of neuropathy in these, and potentially other, diseases. Here, we will discuss how amyloid proteins contribute to peripheral neuropathy by reviewing the current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms in known inherited and acquired (usually rare) amyloid neuropathies. In addition, we will discuss the potential role of amyloid proteins in peripheral neuropathy in some common diseases, which are not (yet) considered as amyloid neuropathies. We conclude that there are many similarities in the molecular and cell biological defects caused by aggregation of the various amyloid proteins in these different diseases and propose a common pathogenic pathway for "peripheral amyloid neuropathies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. H. Asiri
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.H.A.); (S.E.); (J.W.M.H.)
- The National Centre for Genomic Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, 11461 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sjoukje Engelsman
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.H.A.); (S.E.); (J.W.M.H.)
| | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.H.A.); (S.E.); (J.W.M.H.)
| | - Jo W. M. Höppener
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.H.A.); (S.E.); (J.W.M.H.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Eichwald T, Talbot S. Neuro-Immunity Controls Obesity-Induced Pain. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:181. [PMID: 32581740 PMCID: PMC7295985 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity skyrocketed over the past decades to become a significant public health problem. Obesity is recognized as a low-grade inflammatory disease and is linked with several comorbidities such as diabetes, circulatory disease, common neurodegenerative diseases, as well as chronic pain. Adipocytes are a major neuroendocrine organ that continually, and systemically, releases pro-inflammatory factors. While the exact mechanisms driving obesity-induced pain remain poorly defined, nociceptor hypersensitivity may result from the systemic state of inflammation characteristic of obesity as well as weight surplus-induced mechanical stress. Obesity and pain also share various genetic mutations, lifestyle risk factors, and metabolic pathways. For instance, fat pads are often found hyper-innervated and rich in immune cell types of multiple origins. These immunocytes release cytokines, amplifying nociceptor function, which, in turn, via locally released neuropeptides, sustain immunocytes' function. Here, we posit that along with mechanical stress stemming from extra weight, the local neuro-immune interplay occurring within the fat pads maintains the state of chronic low-grade inflammation and heightens sensory hypersensitivity. Overall, stopping such harmful neuro-immune crosstalk may constitute a novel pathway to prevent obesity-associated comorbidities, including neuronal hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuany Eichwald
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Cui Y, Li Y, Ning J, Mi Y, Wang X, Qiu Z, Li L, Gou X. Resveratrol alleviates diabetic mechanical allodynia in rats by downregulating P2X3R. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:957-963. [PMID: 32468070 PMCID: PMC7339507 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical allodynia, which develops in patients of diabetes mellitus as a neuropathic manifestation, remains without an effective treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms underlying resveratrol (RES) in a rat model of streptozocin (STZ)‑induced diabetic mechanical allodynia (DMA). The rat model of DMA was established by the administration of an intraperitoneal injection of STZ. From day 8 post‑STZ injection, rats were administered with an intragastric injection of various doses of RES for 14 consecutive days. The von Frey filaments were applied to detect the paw withdrawal threshold and evaluate the analgesic effects of RES. Based on the dose‑effect curve, the ED50 of RES was calculated. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of purinergic receptor P2X3 (P2X3R) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (SDH) following RESED50 treatment. The results indicated that RES significantly alleviated mechanical allodynia in DMA model rats in a dose‑dependent manner. Compared with the control group, the expression of P2X3R in DRG neurons and SDH terminals was markedly decreased following the administration of RESED50 (P<0.05). Collectively, the results indicated that RES displayed a dose‑dependent analgesic effect on DMA model rats. Furthermore, P2X3R expression downregulation in the DRG and SDH may be a mechanism underlying the analgesic effects of RES on DMA‑related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Ning
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Mi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Zhongying Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Le Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
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Bagheri Tudashki H, Haddad Y, Charfi I, Couture R, Pineyro G. Ligand-specific recycling profiles determine distinct potential for chronic analgesic tolerance of delta-opioid receptor (DOPr) agonists. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5718-5730. [PMID: 32279433 PMCID: PMC7214178 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) agonists have analgesic efficacy in chronic pain models but development of tolerance limits their use for long-term pain management. Although agonist potential for inducing acute analgesic tolerance has been associated with distinct patterns of DOPr internalization, the association between trafficking and chronic tolerance remains ill-defined. In a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy, deltorphin II and TIPP produced sustained analgesia following daily (intrathecal) i.t. injections over six days, whereas similar treatment with SNC-80 or SB235863 led to progressive tolerance and loss of the analgesic response. Trafficking assays in murine neuron cultures showed no association between the magnitude of ligand-induced sequestration and development of chronic tolerance. Instead, ligands that supported DOPr recycling were also the ones producing sustained analgesia over 6-day treatment. Moreover, endosomal endothelin-converting enzyme 2 (ECE2) blocker 663444 prevented DOPr recycling by deltorphin II and TIPP and precipitated tolerance by these ligands. In conclusion, agonists, which support DOPr recycling, avoid development of analgesic tolerance over repeated administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youssef Haddad
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Iness Charfi
- Centre de RechercheCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-JustineMontréalQCCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Rejean Couture
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Centre de RechercheCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-JustineMontréalQCCanada
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
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35
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Pourhanifeh MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Dehdashtian E, Hemati K, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin: new insights on its therapeutic properties in diabetic complications. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:30. [PMID: 32280378 PMCID: PMC7140344 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and diabetic complications are considered as leading causes of both morbidity and mortality in the world. Unfortunately, routine medical treatments used for affected patients possess undesirable side effects, including kidney and liver damages as well as gastrointestinal adverse reactions. Therefore, exploring the novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic patients is a crucial issue. It has been recently shown that melatonin, as main product of the pineal gland, despite its various pharmacological features including anticancer, anti-aging, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, exerts anti-diabetic properties through regulating various cellular mechanisms. The aim of the present review is to describe potential roles of melatonin in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Dehdashtian
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Ni CM, Ling BY, Xu X, Sun HP, Jin H, Zhang YQ, Cao H, Xu L. CX3CR1 contributes to streptozotocin-induced mechanical allodynia in the mouse spinal cord. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:166-171. [PMID: 32115913 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy experience debilitating pain that significantly affects their quality of life (Abbott et al., 2011), by causing sleeping disorders, anxiety, and depression (Dermanovic Dobrota et al., 2014). The primary clinical manifestation of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is mechanical hypersensitivity, also known as mechanical allodynia (MA) (Callaghan et al., 2012). MA's underlying mechanism remains poorly understood, and so far, based on symptomatic treatment, it has no effective therapy (Moore et al., 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Bing-Yu Ling
- Department of Emergency, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - He-Ping Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Kunshan First People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
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37
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Luo Y, Du Y, Zhao Y, Guan J, Zhang X, Fu J. TREM-2-p38 MAPK signaling regulates neuroinflammation during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion combined with diabetes mellitus. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:2. [PMID: 31900229 PMCID: PMC6942413 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion(CCH)are both risk factors for cognitive impairment. However, whether DM and CCH can synergistically promote cognitive impairment and the related pathological mechanisms remain unknown. Methods To investigate the effect of DM and CCH on cognitive function, rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) followed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) were induced to mimic DM and CCH in vivo and mouse BV2 microglial cells were exposed to hypoxia and/or high glucose to mimic CCH complicated with DM pathologies in vitro. To further explore the underlying mechanism, TREM-2-specific small interfering RNA and TREM-2 overexpression lentivirus were used to knock out and overexpress TREM-2, respectively. Results Cognitive deficits, neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation with microglial activation, and TREM-2-MAPK signaling were enhanced when DM was superimposed on CCH both in vivo and in vitro. Manipulating TREM-2 expression levels markedly regulated the p38 MAPK signaling and the inflammatory response in vitro. TREM-2 knockout intensified while TREM-2 overexpression suppressed the p38 MAPK signaling and subsequent pro-inflammatory mediator production under high glucose and hypoxia condition. Conclusions These results suggest that TREM-2 negatively regulates p38 MAPK-mediated inflammatory response when DM was synergistically superimposed on CCH and highlight the importance of TREM-2 as a potential target of immune regulation in DM and CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jianliang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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38
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Crosson T, Roversi K, Balood M, Othman R, Ahmadi M, Wang JC, Seadi Pereira PJ, Tabatabaei M, Couture R, Eichwald T, Latini A, Prediger RD, Rangachari M, Seehus CR, Foster SL, Talbot S. Profiling of how nociceptor neurons detect danger - new and old foes. J Intern Med 2019; 286:268-289. [PMID: 31282104 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The host evolves redundant mechanisms to preserve physiological processing and homeostasis. These functions range from sensing internal and external threats, creating a memory of the insult and generating reflexes, which aim to resolve inflammation. Impairment in such functioning leads to chronic inflammatory diseases. By interacting through a common language of ligands and receptors, the immune and sensory nervous systems work in concert to accomplish such protective functions. Whilst this bidirectional communication helps to protect from danger, it can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Thus, the somatosensory nervous system is anatomically positioned within primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and mucosa to modulate immunity directly. Upstream of this interplay, neurons detect danger, which prompts the release of neuropeptides initiating (i) defensive reflexes (ranging from withdrawal response to coughing) and (ii) chemotaxis, adhesion and local infiltration of immune cells. The resulting outcome of such neuro-immune interplay is still ill-defined, but consensual findings start to emerge and support neuropeptides not only as blockers of TH 1-mediated immunity but also as drivers of TH 2 immune responses. However, the modalities detected by nociceptors revealed broader than mechanical pressure and temperature sensing and include signals as various as cytokines and pathogens to immunoglobulins and even microRNAs. Along these lines, we aggregated various dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron expression profiling datasets supporting such wide-ranging sensing capabilities to help identifying new danger detection modalities of these cells. Thus, revealing unexpected aspects of nociceptor neuron biology might prompt the identification of novel drivers of immunity, means to resolve inflammation and strategies to safeguard homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crosson
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - K Roversi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Balood
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R Othman
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Ahmadi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J-C Wang
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - M Tabatabaei
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Couture
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - T Eichwald
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - R D Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Rangachari
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C R Seehus
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S L Foster
- Depression Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Talbot
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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39
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Singla R, Garner KH, Samsam M, Cheng Z, Singla DK. Exosomes derived from cardiac parasympathetic ganglionic neurons inhibit apoptosis in hyperglycemic cardiomyoblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 462:1-10. [PMID: 31468244 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is known to involve two forms of cardiac cell death: apoptosis and necrosis. However, it remains unknown whether hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in the H9c2 cell culture system is inhibited by parasympathetic ganglionic neurons (PGN) derived exosomes (exos). We isolated PGN and sympathetic ganglionic neurons (SGN) from the right stellate ganglion in rats, and derived exos from these sources. H9c2 cells were divided into 4 groups: (1) Control, (2) H9c2 + Glucose (100 mmol/L), (3) H9c2 + Glucose + PGN-exos, and (4) H9c2 + Glucose + SGN-exos. We determined cell proliferation and viability with an MTT assay kit, and assessed apoptotic cell death with TUNEL staining and ELISA. Data were further confirmed by analyzing the presence of pro-apoptotic proteins Caspase-3 and Bax, and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Glucose exposed H9c2 cells significantly reduced cell viability, which was improved by PGN-exos, but not by SGN-exos. Furthermore, increased apoptosis in hyperglycemia in H9c2 cells was confirmed with TUNEL staining and cell death ELISA which demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) reduction with PGN-exos treatment, but not with SGN-exos. Moreover, high expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Caspase-3 and Bax was reduced following treatment with PGN-exos; however, SGN-exos were unable to reduce the expression. Significantly reduced anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 following glucose treatment was improved with PGN-exos. Therefore, our data suggest that hyperglycemia induces apoptosis in H9c2 cells and decreases cell viability, and that PGN-exos are able to inhibit apoptosis, improve cell viability, and restore levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetish Singla
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Kaley H Garner
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Mohtashem Samsam
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Zixi Cheng
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, 4110 Libra Dr., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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40
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Sankrityayan H, Oza MJ, Kulkarni YA, Mulay SR, Gaikwad AB. ER stress response mediates diabetic microvascular complications. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2247-2257. [PMID: 31430543 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis orchestrates the folding, modification, and trafficking of secretory and membrane proteins to the Golgi compartment, thus governing cellular functions. Alterations in ER homeostasis result in the activation of signaling pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), to regain ER homeostasis. Nevertheless, failure of UPR leads to activation of autophagy-mediated cell death. Several recent studies emphasized the association of the ER stress (ERS) response with the initiation and progression of diabetes. In this review, we highlight the contribution of the ERS response, such as UPR and autophagy, in the initiation and progression of diabetes and associated microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), retinopathy, and neuropathy, in various experimental models, as well as in humans. We highlight the ERS as a putative therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications and, thus, the urgent need for the development of improved synthetic and natural inhibitors of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India; SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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