1
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Lewis CM, Hoffmann A, Helmchen F. Linking brain activity across scales with simultaneous opto- and electrophysiology. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033403. [PMID: 37662552 PMCID: PMC10472193 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The brain enables adaptive behavior via the dynamic coordination of diverse neuronal signals across spatial and temporal scales: from fast action potential patterns in microcircuits to slower patterns of distributed activity in brain-wide networks. Understanding principles of multiscale dynamics requires simultaneous monitoring of signals in multiple, distributed network nodes. Combining optical and electrical recordings of brain activity is promising for collecting data across multiple scales and can reveal aspects of coordinated dynamics invisible to standard, single-modality approaches. We review recent progress in combining opto- and electrophysiology, focusing on mouse studies that shed new light on the function of single neurons by embedding their activity in the context of brain-wide activity patterns. Optical and electrical readouts can be tailored to desired scales to tackle specific questions. For example, fast dynamics in single cells or local populations recorded with multi-electrode arrays can be related to simultaneously acquired optical signals that report activity in specified subpopulations of neurons, in non-neuronal cells, or in neuromodulatory pathways. Conversely, two-photon imaging can be used to densely monitor activity in local circuits while sampling electrical activity in distant brain areas at the same time. The refinement of combined approaches will continue to reveal previously inaccessible and under-appreciated aspects of coordinated brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Hoffmann
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Research Priority Program, Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Uhlířová H, Stibůrek M, Pikálek T, Gomes A, Turtaev S, Kolbábková P, Čižmár T. "There's plenty of room at the bottom": deep brain imaging with holographic endo-microscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11504. [PMID: 38250297 PMCID: PMC10798506 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Significance Over more than 300 years, microscopic imaging keeps providing fundamental insights into the mechanisms of living organisms. Seeing microscopic structures beyond the reach of free-space light-based microscopy, however, requires dissection of the tissue-an intervention seriously disturbing its physiological functions. The hunt for low-invasiveness tools has led a growing community of physicists and engineers into the realm of complex media photonics. One of its activities represents exploiting multimode optical fibers (MMFs) as ultra-thin endoscopic probes. Employing wavefront shaping, these tools only recently facilitated the first peeks at cells and their sub-cellular compartments at the bottom of the mouse brain with the impact of micro-scale tissue damage. Aim Here, we aim to highlight advances in MMF-based holographic endo-microscopy facilitating microscopic imaging throughout the whole depth of the mouse brain. Approach We summarize the important technical and methodological prerequisites for stabile high-resolution imaging in vivo. Results We showcase images of the microscopic building blocks of brain tissue, including neurons, neuronal processes, vessels, intracellular calcium signaling, and red blood cell velocity in individual vessels. Conclusions This perspective article helps to understand the complexity behind the technology of holographic endo-microscopy, summarizes its recent advances and challenges, and stimulates the mind of the reader for further exploitation of this tool in the neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Uhlířová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Stibůrek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Pikálek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - André Gomes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Petra Kolbábková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Čižmár
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Applied Optics, Jena, Germany
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3
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Rimoli CV, Moretti C, Soldevila F, Brémont E, Ventalon C, Gigan S. Demixing fluorescence time traces transmitted by multimode fibers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6286. [PMID: 39060262 PMCID: PMC11282286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical methods based on thin multimode fibers (MMFs) are promising tools for measuring neuronal activity in deep brain regions of freely moving mice thanks to their small diameter. However, current methods are limited: while fiber photometry provides only ensemble activity, imaging techniques using of long multimode fibers are very sensitive to bending and have not been applied to unrestrained rodents yet. Here, we demonstrate the fundamentals of a new approach using a short MMF coupled to a miniscope. In proof-of-principle in vitro experiments, we disentangled spatio-temporal fluorescence signals from multiple fluorescent sources transmitted by a thin (200 µm) and short (8 mm) MMF, using a general unconstrained non-negative matrix factorization algorithm directly on the raw video data. Furthermore, we show that low-cost open-source miniscopes have sufficient sensitivity to image the same fluorescence patterns seen in our proof-of-principle experiment, suggesting a new avenue for novel minimally invasive deep brain studies using multimode fibers in freely behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Vaz Rimoli
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 Rue Lhomond, Paris, F-75005, France
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Claudio Moretti
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 Rue Lhomond, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Fernando Soldevila
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 Rue Lhomond, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Enora Brémont
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cathie Ventalon
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 Rue Lhomond, Paris, F-75005, France.
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4
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Roland AV, Harry Chao TH, Hon OJ, Machinski SN, Sides TR, Lee SI, Ian Shih YY, Kash TL. Acute and chronic alcohol modulation of extended amygdala calcium dynamics. Alcohol 2024; 116:53-64. [PMID: 38423261 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The central amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are reciprocally connected nodes of the extended amygdala thought to play an important role in alcohol consumption. Studies of immediate-early genes indicate that BNST and CeA are acutely activated following alcohol drinking and may signal alcohol reward in nondependent drinkers, while stress signaling in the extended amygdala following chronic alcohol exposure drives increased drinking via negative reinforcement. However, the temporal dynamics of neuronal activation in these regions during drinking behavior are poorly understood. In this study, we used fiber photometry and the genetically encoded calcium sensor GCaMP6s to assess acute changes in neuronal activity during alcohol consumption in BNST and CeA before and after a chronic drinking paradigm. Activity was examined in the pan-neuronal population and separately in dynorphinergic neurons. BNST and CeA showed increased pan-neuronal activity during acute consumption of alcohol and other fluid tastants of positive and negative valence, as well as highly palatable chow. Responses were greatest during initial consummatory bouts and decreased in amplitude with repeated consumption of the same tastant, suggesting modulation by stimulus novelty. Dynorphin neurons showed similar consumption-associated calcium increases in both regions. Following three weeks of continuous alcohol access (CA), calcium increases in dynorphin neurons during drinking were maintained, but pan-neuronal activity and BNST-CeA coherence were altered in a sex-specific manner. These results indicate that BNST and CeA, and dynorphin neurons specifically, are engaged during drinking behavior, and activity dynamics are influenced by stimulus novelty and chronic alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison V Roland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Harry Chao
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Olivia J Hon
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha N Machinski
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tori R Sides
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophia I Lee
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L Kash
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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5
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Simpson EH, Akam T, Patriarchi T, Blanco-Pozo M, Burgeno LM, Mohebi A, Cragg SJ, Walton ME. Lights, fiber, action! A primer on in vivo fiber photometry. Neuron 2024; 112:718-739. [PMID: 38103545 PMCID: PMC10939905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fiber photometry is a key technique for characterizing brain-behavior relationships in vivo. Initially, it was primarily used to report calcium dynamics as a proxy for neural activity via genetically encoded indicators. This generated new insights into brain functions including movement, memory, and motivation at the level of defined circuits and cell types. Recently, the opportunity for discovery with fiber photometry has exploded with the development of an extensive range of fluorescent sensors for biomolecules including neuromodulators and peptides that were previously inaccessible in vivo. This critical advance, combined with the new availability of affordable "plug-and-play" recording systems, has made monitoring molecules with high spatiotemporal precision during behavior highly accessible. However, while opening exciting new avenues for research, the rapid expansion in fiber photometry applications has occurred without coordination or consensus on best practices. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide to help end-users execute, analyze, and suitably interpret fiber photometry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor H Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas Akam
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zürich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Marta Blanco-Pozo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lauren M Burgeno
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali Mohebi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Walton
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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6
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Mahoney HL, Schmidt TM. The cognitive impact of light: illuminating ipRGC circuit mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:159-175. [PMID: 38279030 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Ever-present in our environments, light entrains circadian rhythms over long timescales, influencing daily activity patterns, health and performance. Increasing evidence indicates that light also acts independently of the circadian system to directly impact physiology and behaviour, including cognition. Exposure to light stimulates brain areas involved in cognition and appears to improve a broad range of cognitive functions. However, the extent of these effects and their mechanisms are unknown. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have emerged as the primary conduit through which light impacts non-image-forming behaviours and are a prime candidate for mediating the direct effects of light on cognition. Here, we review the current state of understanding of these effects in humans and mice, and the tools available to uncover circuit-level and photoreceptor-specific mechanisms. We also address current barriers to progress in this area. Current and future efforts to unravel the circuits through which light influences cognitive functions may inform the tailoring of lighting landscapes to optimize health and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Mahoney
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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7
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Chen Y, Chien J, Dai B, Lin D, Chen ZS. Identifying behavioral links to neural dynamics of multifiber photometry recordings in a mouse social behavior network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.25.573308. [PMID: 38234793 PMCID: PMC10793434 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.25.573308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Distributed hypothalamic-midbrain neural circuits orchestrate complex behavioral responses during social interactions. How population-averaged neural activity measured by multi-fiber photometry (MFP) for calcium fluorescence signals correlates with social behaviors is a fundamental question. We propose a state-space analysis framework to characterize mouse MFP data based on dynamic latent variable models, which include continuous-state linear dynamical system (LDS) and discrete-state hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM). We validate these models on extensive MFP recordings during aggressive and mating behaviors in male-male and male-female interactions, respectively. Our results show that these models are capable of capturing both temporal behavioral structure and associated neural states. Overall, these analysis approaches provide an unbiased strategy to examine neural dynamics underlying social behaviors and reveals mechanistic insights into the relevant networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Artificial Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jonathan Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bing Dai
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dayu Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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8
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Sullere S, Kunczt A, McGehee DS. A cholinergic circuit that relieves pain despite opioid tolerance. Neuron 2023; 111:3414-3434.e15. [PMID: 37734381 PMCID: PMC10843525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a tremendous burden for afflicted individuals and society. Although opioids effectively relieve pain, significant adverse outcomes limit their utility and efficacy. To investigate alternate pain control mechanisms, we explored cholinergic signaling in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), a critical nexus for descending pain modulation. Biosensor assays revealed that pain states decreased acetylcholine release in vlPAG. Activation of cholinergic projections from the pedunculopontine tegmentum to vlPAG relieved pain, even in opioid-tolerant conditions, through ⍺7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Activating ⍺7 nAChRs with agonists or stimulating endogenous acetylcholine inhibited vlPAG neuronal activity through Ca2+ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR⍺)-dependent signaling. In vivo 2-photon imaging revealed that chronic pain induces aberrant excitability of vlPAG neuronal ensembles and that ⍺7 nAChR-mediated inhibition of these cells relieves pain, even after opioid tolerance. Finally, pain relief through these cholinergic mechanisms was not associated with tolerance, reward, or withdrawal symptoms, highlighting its potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivang Sullere
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alissa Kunczt
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel S McGehee
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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9
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Bakoyiannis I, Ducourneau EG, Parkes SL, Ferreira G. Pathway specific interventions reveal the multiple roles of ventral hippocampus projections in cognitive functions. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:825-838. [PMID: 37192533 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1950s study of Scoville and Milner on the case H.M., the hippocampus has attracted neuroscientists' attention. The hippocampus has been traditionally divided into dorsal and ventral parts, each of which projects to different brain structures and mediates various functions. Despite a predominant interest in its dorsal part in animal models, especially regarding episodic-like and spatial cognition, recent data highlight the role of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC), as the main hippocampal output, in cognitive processes. Here, we review recent studies conducted in rodents that have used advanced in vivo functional techniques to specifically monitor and manipulate vHPC efferent pathways and delineate the roles of these specific projections in learning and memory processes. Results highlight that vHPC projections to basal amygdala are implicated in emotional memory, to nucleus accumbens in social memory and instrumental actions and to prefrontal cortex in all the above as well as in object-based memory. Some of these hippocampal projections also modulate feeding and anxiety-like behaviours providing further evidence that the "one pathway-one function" view is outdated and future directions are proposed to better understand the role of hippocampal pathways and shed further light on its connectivity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eva-Gunnel Ducourneau
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Shauna L Parkes
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
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10
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Roland AV, Harry Chao TH, Hon OJ, Machinski SN, Sides TR, Lee SI, Ian Shih YY, Kash TL. Acute and chronic alcohol modulation of extended amygdala calcium dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.10.561741. [PMID: 37873188 PMCID: PMC10592781 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The central amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) are reciprocally connected nodes of the extended amygdala thought to play an important role in alcohol consumption. Studies of immediate-early genes indicate that BNST and CeA are acutely activated following alcohol drinking and may signal alcohol reward in nondependent drinkers, while increased stress signaling in the extended amygdala following chronic alcohol exposure drives increased drinking via negative reinforcement. However, the temporal dynamics of neuronal activation in these regions during drinking behavior are poorly understood. In this study, we used fiber photometry and the genetically encoded calcium sensor GCaMP6s to assess acute changes in neuronal activity during alcohol consumption in BNST and CeA before and after a chronic drinking paradigm. Activity was examined in the pan-neuronal population and separately in dynorphinergic neurons. BNST and CeA showed increased pan-neuronal activity during acute consumption of alcohol and other fluid tastants of positive and negative valence, as well as highly palatable chow. Responses were greatest during initial consummatory bouts and decreased in amplitude with repeated consumption of the same tastant, suggesting modulation by stimulus novelty. Dynorphin neurons showed similar consumption-associated calcium increases in both regions. Following three weeks of continuous alcohol access (CA), calcium increases in dynorphin neurons during drinking were maintained, but pan-neuronal activity and BNST-CeA coherence were altered in a sex-specific manner. These results indicate that BNST and CeA, and dynorphin neurons specifically, are engaged during drinking behavior, and activity dynamics are influenced by stimulus novelty and chronic alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison V Roland
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Harry Chao
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Olivia J Hon
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha N Machinski
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tori R Sides
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophia I Lee
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L Kash
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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11
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Huang Y, Liao P, Yu J, Chen S. Light disrupts social memory via a retina-to-supraoptic nucleus circuit. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56839. [PMID: 37531065 PMCID: PMC10561173 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of social memory between individuals of the opposite sex is crucial for expanding mating options or establishing monogamous pair bonding. A specialized neuronal circuit that regulates social memory could enhance an individual's mating opportunities and provide a parallel pathway for computing social behaviors. While the influence of light exposure on various forms of memory, such as fear and object memory, has been studied, its modulation of social recognition memory remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that acute exposure to light impairs social recognition memory (SRM) in mice. Unlike sound and touch stimuli, light inhibits oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) via M1 SON-projecting intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and GABAergic neurons in the perinuclear zone of the SON (pSON). We further show that optogenetic activation of SON oxytocin neurons using channelrhodopsin is sufficient to enhance SRM performance, even under light conditions. Our findings unveil a dedicated neuronal circuit through which luminance affects SRM, utilizing a non-image-forming visual pathway, distinct from the canonical modulatory role of the oxytocin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Fan Huang
- Department of Life ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Po‐Yu Liao
- Department of Life ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jo‐Hsien Yu
- Department of Life ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shih‐Kuo Chen
- Department of Life ScienceNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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12
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Tsunematsu T, Matsumoto S, Merkler M, Sakata S. Pontine Waves Accompanied by Short Hippocampal Sharp Wave-Ripples During Non-rapid Eye Movement Sleep. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad193. [PMID: 37478470 PMCID: PMC10485565 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ponto-geniculo-occipital or pontine (P) waves have long been recognized as an electrophysiological signature of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, P-waves can be observed not just during REM sleep, but also during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Recent studies have uncovered that P-waves are functionally coupled with hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWRs) during NREM sleep. However, it remains unclear to what extent P-waves during NREM sleep share their characteristics with P-waves during REM sleep and how the functional coupling to P-waves modulates SWRs. Here, we address these issues by performing multiple types of electrophysiological recordings and fiber photometry in both sexes of mice. P-waves during NREM sleep share their waveform shapes and local neural ensemble dynamics at a short (~100 milliseconds) timescale with their REM sleep counterparts. However, the dynamics of mesopontine cholinergic neurons are distinct at a longer (~10 seconds) timescale: although P-waves are accompanied by cholinergic transients, the cholinergic tone gradually reduces before P-wave genesis during NREM sleep. While P-waves are coupled to hippocampal theta rhythms during REM sleep, P-waves during NREM sleep are accompanied by a rapid reduction in hippocampal ripple power. SWRs coupled with P-waves are short-lived and hippocampal neural firing is also reduced after P-waves. These results demonstrate that P-waves are part of coordinated sleep-related activity by functionally coupling with hippocampal ensembles in a state-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Tsunematsu
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-, Japan
| | - Sumire Matsumoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-, Japan
| | - Mirna Merkler
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Schott AL, Baik J, Chung S, Weber F. A medullary hub for controlling REM sleep and pontine waves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3922. [PMID: 37400467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is a distinct behavioral state associated with vivid dreaming and memory processing. Phasic bursts of electrical activity, measurable as spike-like pontine (P)-waves, are a hallmark of REM sleep implicated in memory consolidation. However, the brainstem circuits regulating P-waves, and their interactions with circuits generating REM sleep, remain largely unknown. Here, we show that an excitatory population of dorsomedial medulla (dmM) neurons expressing corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH) regulates both REM sleep and P-waves in mice. Calcium imaging showed that dmM CRH neurons are selectively activated during REM sleep and recruited during P-waves, and opto- and chemogenetic experiments revealed that this population promotes REM sleep. Chemogenetic manipulation also induced prolonged changes in P-wave frequency, while brief optogenetic activation reliably triggered P-waves along with transiently accelerated theta oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Together, these findings anatomically and functionally delineate a common medullary hub for the regulation of both REM sleep and P-waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Schott
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Justin Baik
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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14
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Ohmori H, Hirai Y, Matsui R, Watanabe D. High resolution recording of local field currents simultaneously with sound-evoked calcium signals by a photometric patch electrode in the auditory cortex field L of the chick. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 392:109863. [PMID: 37075913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functioning of the brain is based on both electrical and metabolic activity of neural ensembles. Accordingly, it would be useful to measure intracellular metabolic signaling simultaneously with electrical activity in the brain in vivo. NEW METHOD We innovated a PhotoMetric-patch-Electrode (PME) recording system that has a high temporal resolution incorporating a photomultiplier tube as a light detector. The PME is fabricated from a quartz glass capillary to transmit light as a light guide, and it can detect electrical signals as a patch electrode simultaneously with a fluorescence signal. RESULTS We measured the sound-evoked Local Field Current (LFC) and fluorescence Ca2+ signal from neurons labeled with Ca2+-sensitive dye Oregon Green BAPTA1 in field L, the avian auditory cortex. Sound stimulation evoked multi-unit spike bursts and Ca2+ signals, and enhanced the fluctuation of LFC. After a brief sound stimulation, the cross-correlation between LFC and Ca2+ signal was prolonged. D-AP5 (antagonist for NMDA receptors) suppressed the sound-evoked Ca2+ signal when applied locally by pressure from the tip of PME. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS In contrast to existing multiphoton imaging or optical fiber recording methods, the PME is a patch electrode pulled simply from a quartz glass capillary and can measure fluorescence signals at the tip simultaneously with electrical signal at any depth of the brain structure. CONCLUSION The PME is devised to record electrical and optical signals simultaneously with high temporal resolution. Moreover, it can inject chemical agents dissolved in the tip-filling medium locally by pressure, allowing manipulation of neural activity pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunori Ohmori
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yasuharu Hirai
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dai Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Formozov A, Dieter A, Wiegert JS. A flexible and versatile system for multi-color fiber photometry and optogenetic manipulation. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100418. [PMID: 37056369 PMCID: PMC10088095 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present simultaneous fiber photometry recordings and optogenetic stimulation based on a multimode fused fiber coupler for both light delivery and collection without the need for dichroic beam splitters. In combination with a multi-color light source and appropriate optical filters, our approach offers remarkable flexibility in experimental design and facilitates the exploration of new molecular tools in vivo at minimal cost. We demonstrate straightforward re-configuration of the setup to operate with green, red, and near-infrared calcium indicators with or without simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and further explore the multi-color photometry capabilities of the system. The ease of assembly, operation, characterization, and customization of this platform holds the potential to foster the development of experimental strategies for multi-color fused fiber photometry combined with optogenetics far beyond its current state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Formozov
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Dieter
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. Simon Wiegert
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, MCTN, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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16
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Bauer J, Devinsky O, Rothermel M, Koch H. Autonomic dysfunction in epilepsy mouse models with implications for SUDEP research. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1040648. [PMID: 36686527 PMCID: PMC9853197 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy has a high prevalence and can severely impair quality of life and increase the risk of premature death. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in drug-resistant epilepsy and most often results from respiratory and cardiac impairments due to brainstem dysfunction. Epileptic activity can spread widely, influencing neuronal activity in regions outside the epileptic network. The brainstem controls cardiorespiratory activity and arousal and reciprocally connects to cortical, diencephalic, and spinal cord areas. Epileptic activity can propagate trans-synaptically or via spreading depression (SD) to alter brainstem functions and cause cardiorespiratory dysfunction. The mechanisms by which seizures propagate to or otherwise impair brainstem function and trigger the cascading effects that cause SUDEP are poorly understood. We review insights from mouse models combined with new techniques to understand the pathophysiology of epilepsy and SUDEP. These techniques include in vivo, ex vivo, invasive and non-invasive methods in anesthetized and awake mice. Optogenetics combined with electrophysiological and optical manipulation and recording methods offer unique opportunities to study neuronal mechanisms under normal conditions, during and after non-fatal seizures, and in SUDEP. These combined approaches can advance our understanding of brainstem pathophysiology associated with seizures and SUDEP and may suggest strategies to prevent SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bauer
- Department of Epileptology and Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Markus Rothermel
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henner Koch
- Department of Epileptology and Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,*Correspondence: Henner Koch ✉
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17
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Eleftheriou A, Ravotto L, Wyss MT, Warnock G, Siebert A, Zaiss M, Weber B. Simultaneous dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI and fiber photometry measurements of glucose in the healthy mouse brain. Neuroimage 2023; 265:119762. [PMID: 36427752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the main energy source in the brain and its regulated uptake and utilization are important biomarkers of pathological brain function. Glucose Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GlucoCEST) and its time-resolved version Dynamic Glucose-Enhanced MRI (DGE) are promising approaches to monitor glucose and detect tumors, since they are radioactivity-free, do not require 13C labeling and are is easily translatable to the clinics. The main principle of DGE is clear. However, what remains to be established is to which extent the signal reflects vascular, extracellular or intracellular glucose. To elucidate the compartmental contributions to the DGE signal, we coupled it with FRET-based fiber photometry of genetically encoded sensors, a technique that combines quantitative glucose readout with cellular specificity. The glucose sensor FLIIP was used with fiber photometry to measure astrocytic and neuronal glucose changes upon injection of D-glucose, 3OMG and L-glucose, in the anaesthetized murine brain. By correlating the kinetic profiles of the techniques, we demonstrate the presence of a vascular contribution to the signal, especially at early time points after injection. Furthermore, we show that, in the case of the commonly used contrast agent 3OMG, the DGE signal actually anticorrelates with the glucose concentration in neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Eleftheriou
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Ravotto
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias T Wyss
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Warnock
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Siebert
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; High-field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bruno Weber
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Barry J, Peng A, Levine MS, Cepeda C. Calcium imaging: A versatile tool to examine Huntington's disease mechanisms and progression. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1040113. [PMID: 36408400 PMCID: PMC9669372 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that causes chorea, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. It is characterized by accumulation of mutant Htt protein, which primarily impacts striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), as well as cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs), causing synapse loss and eventually cell death. Perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis is believed to play a major role in HD, as altered Ca2+ homeostasis often precedes striatal dysfunction and manifestation of HD symptoms. In addition, dysregulation of Ca2+ can cause morphological and functional changes in MSNs and CPNs. Therefore, Ca2+ imaging techniques have the potential of visualizing changes in Ca2+ dynamics and neuronal activity in HD animal models. This minireview focuses on studies using diverse Ca2+ imaging techniques, including two-photon microscopy, fiber photometry, and miniscopes, in combination of Ca2+ indicators to monitor activity of neurons in HD models as the disease progresses. We then discuss the future applications of Ca2+ imaging to visualize disease mechanisms and alterations associated with HD, as well as studies showing how, as a proof-of-concept, Ca2+imaging using miniscopes in freely-behaving animals can help elucidate the differential role of direct and indirect pathway MSNs in HD symptoms.
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19
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Guilbault S, Garrigue P, Garnier L, Pandard J, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M, Sojic N, Arbault S. Design of optoelectrodes for the remote imaging of cells and in situ electrochemical detection of neurosecretory events. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108262. [PMID: 36130462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical fibers have opened avenues for remote imaging, bioanalyses and recently optogenetics. Besides, miniaturized electrochemical sensors have offered new opportunities in sensing directly redox neurotransmitters. The combination of both optical and electrochemical approaches was usually performed on the platform of microscopes or within microsystems. In this work, we developed optoelectrodes which features merge the advantages of both optical fibers and microelectrodes. Optical fiber bundles were modified at one of their extremity by a transparent ITO deposit. The electrochemical responses of these ITO-modified bundles were characterized for the detection of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. The analytical performances of the optoelectrodes were equivalent to the ones reported for carbon microelectrodes. The remote imaging of model neurosecretory PC12 cells by optoelectrodes was performed upon cell-staining with common fluorescent dyes: acridine orange and calcein-AM. An optoelectrode placed by micromanipulation at a few micrometers-distance from the cells offered remote images with single cell resolution. Finally, in situ electrochemical sensing was demonstrated by additions of K+-secretagogue solutions near PC12 cells under observation, leading to exocytotic events detected as amperometric spikes at the ITO surface. Such dual sensors should pave the way for in vivo remote imaging, optogenetic stimulation, and simultaneous detection of neurosecretory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Guilbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Léo Garnier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Justine Pandard
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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20
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Yuen J, Kouzani AZ, Berk M, Tye SJ, Rusheen AE, Blaha CD, Bennet KE, Lee KH, Shin H, Kim JH, Oh Y. Deep Brain Stimulation for Addictive Disorders-Where Are We Now? Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1193-1215. [PMID: 35411483 PMCID: PMC9587163 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of a global epidemic of drug addiction, neglecting to develop new effective therapies will perpetuate the staggering human and economic costs of substance use. This review aims to summarize and evaluate the preclinical and clinical studies of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a novel therapy for refractory addiction, in hopes to engage and inform future research in this promising novel treatment avenue. An electronic database search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library) was performed using keywords and predefined inclusion criteria between 1974 and 6/18/2021 (registered on Open Science Registry). Selected articles were reviewed in full text and key details were summarized and analyzed to understand DBS' therapeutic potential and possible mechanisms of action. The search yielded 25 animal and 22 human studies. Animal studies showed that DBS of targets such as nucleus accumbens (NAc), insula, and subthalamic nucleus reduces drug use and seeking. All human studies were case series/reports (level 4/5 evidence), mostly targeting the NAc with generally positive outcomes. From the limited evidence in the literature, DBS, particularly of the NAc, appears to be a reasonable last resort option for refractory addictive disorders. We propose that future research in objective electrophysiological (e.g., local field potentials) and neurochemical (e.g., extracellular dopamine levels) biomarkers would assist monitoring the progress of treatment and developing a closed-loop DBS system. Preclinical literature also highlighted the prefrontal cortex as a promising DBS target, which should be explored in human research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yuen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Abbas Z Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Aaron E Rusheen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Charles D Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kevin E Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hojin Shin
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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21
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Brondi M, Bruzzone M, Lodovichi C, dal Maschio M. Optogenetic Methods to Investigate Brain Alterations in Preclinical Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111848. [PMID: 35681542 PMCID: PMC9180859 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the neuronal dynamics supporting brain functions and understanding how the alterations in these mechanisms result in pathological conditions represents a fundamental challenge. Preclinical research on model organisms allows for a multiscale and multiparametric analysis in vivo of the neuronal mechanisms and holds the potential for better linking the symptoms of a neurological disorder to the underlying cellular and circuit alterations, eventually leading to the identification of therapeutic/rescue strategies. In recent years, brain research in model organisms has taken advantage, along with other techniques, of the development and continuous refinement of methods that use light and optical approaches to reconstruct the activity of brain circuits at the cellular and system levels, and to probe the impact of the different neuronal components in the observed dynamics. These tools, combining low-invasiveness of optical approaches with the power of genetic engineering, are currently revolutionizing the way, the scale and the perspective of investigating brain diseases. The aim of this review is to describe how brain functions can be investigated with optical approaches currently available and to illustrate how these techniques have been adopted to study pathological alterations of brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brondi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council-CNR, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.L.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruzzone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Lodovichi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council-CNR, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.L.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco dal Maschio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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Neurogenesis mediated plasticity is associated with reduced neuronal activity in CA1 during context fear memory retrieval. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7016. [PMID: 35488117 PMCID: PMC9054819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis has been demonstrated to affect learning and memory in numerous ways. Several studies have now demonstrated that increased neurogenesis can induce forgetting of memories acquired prior to the manipulation of neurogenesis and, as a result of this forgetting can also facilitate new learning. However, the mechanisms mediating neurogenesis-induced forgetting are not well understood. Here, we used a subregion-based analysis of the immediate early gene c-Fos as well as in vivo fiber photometry to determine changes in activity corresponding with neurogenesis induced forgetting. We found that increasing neurogenesis led to reduced CA1 activity during context memory retrieval. We also demonstrate here that perineuronal net expression in areas CA1 is bidirectionally altered by the levels or activity of postnatally generated neurons in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that neurogenesis may induce forgetting by disrupting perineuronal nets in CA1 which may otherwise protect memories from degradation.
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23
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Lehtinen K, Nokia MS, Takala H. Red Light Optogenetics in Neuroscience. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:778900. [PMID: 35046775 PMCID: PMC8761848 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.778900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics, a field concentrating on controlling cellular functions by means of light-activated proteins, has shown tremendous potential in neuroscience. It possesses superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to the surgical, electrical, and pharmacological methods traditionally used in studying brain function. A multitude of optogenetic tools for neuroscience have been created that, for example, enable the control of action potential generation via light-activated ion channels. Other optogenetic proteins have been used in the brain, for example, to control long-term potentiation or to ablate specific subtypes of neurons. In in vivo applications, however, the majority of optogenetic tools are operated with blue, green, or yellow light, which all have limited penetration in biological tissues compared to red light and especially infrared light. This difference is significant, especially considering the size of the rodent brain, a major research model in neuroscience. Our review will focus on the utilization of red light-operated optogenetic tools in neuroscience. We first outline the advantages of red light for in vivo studies. Then we provide a brief overview of the red light-activated optogenetic proteins and systems with a focus on new developments in the field. Finally, we will highlight different tools and applications, which further facilitate the use of red light optogenetics in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Lehtinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Miriam S. Nokia
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Takala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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24
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Kahan A, Greenbaum A, Jang MJ, Robinson JE, Cho JR, Chen X, Kassraian P, Wagenaar DA, Gradinaru V. Light-guided sectioning for precise in situ localization and tissue interface analysis for brain-implanted optical fibers and GRIN lenses. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109744. [PMID: 34592157 PMCID: PMC8552649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical implants to control and monitor neuronal activity in vivo have become foundational tools of neuroscience. Standard two-dimensional histology of the implant location, however, often suffers from distortion and loss during tissue processing. To address that, we developed a three-dimensional post hoc histology method called “light-guided sectioning” (LiGS), which preserves the tissue with its optical implant in place and allows staining and clearing of a volume up to 500 μm in depth. We demonstrate the use of LiGS to determine the precise location of an optical fiber relative to a deep brain target and to investigate the implant-tissue interface. We show accurate cell registration of ex vivo histology with single-cell, two-photon calcium imaging, obtained through gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses, and identify subpopulations based on immunohistochemistry. LiGS provides spatial information in experimental paradigms that use optical fibers and GRIN lenses and could help increase reproducibility through identification of fiber-to-target localization and molecular profiling. Kahan et al. describe a 3D histology method (LiGS) to investigate with high fidelity the vicinity of an intact optical implant (e.g., GRIN lenses and optical fibers). LiGS is compatible with immunohistochemistry and single-molecule imaging. With the use of two-photon microscopy, LiGS can also link the functional properties of cells to their molecular identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Kahan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Min J Jang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - J Elliott Robinson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jounhong Ryan Cho
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pegah Kassraian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Daniel A Wagenaar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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25
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Miranda C, Howell MR, Lusk JF, Marschall E, Eshima J, Anderson T, Smith BS. Automated microscope-independent fluorescence-guided micropipette. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4689-4699. [PMID: 34513218 PMCID: PMC8407805 DOI: 10.1364/boe.431372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glass micropipette electrodes are commonly used to provide high resolution recordings of neurons. Although it is the gold standard for single cell recordings, it is highly dependent on the skill of the electrophysiologist. Here, we demonstrate a method of guiding micropipette electrodes to neurons by collecting fluorescence at the aperture, using an intra-electrode tapered optical fiber. The use of a tapered fiber for excitation and collection of fluorescence at the micropipette tip couples the feedback mechanism directly to the distance between the target and electrode. In this study, intra-electrode tapered optical fibers provide a targeted robotic approach to labeled neurons that is independent of microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Miranda
- Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, AZ 85210, USA
| | - Madeleine R. Howell
- Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, AZ 85210, USA
| | - Joel F. Lusk
- Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, AZ 85210, USA
| | - Ethan Marschall
- Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, AZ 85210, USA
| | - Jarrett Eshima
- Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, AZ 85210, USA
| | - Trent Anderson
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Barbara S. Smith
- Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, AZ 85210, USA
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26
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Byron N, Semenova A, Sakata S. Mutual Interactions between Brain States and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: A Focus on Gamma and Slow Oscillations. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:707. [PMID: 34439940 PMCID: PMC8389330 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain state varies from moment to moment. While brain state can be defined by ongoing neuronal population activity, such as neuronal oscillations, this is tightly coupled with certain behavioural or vigilant states. In recent decades, abnormalities in brain state have been recognised as biomarkers of various brain diseases and disorders. Intriguingly, accumulating evidence also demonstrates mutual interactions between brain states and disease pathologies: while abnormalities in brain state arise during disease progression, manipulations of brain state can modify disease pathology, suggesting a therapeutic potential. In this review, by focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, we provide an overview of how brain states change in AD patients and mouse models, and how controlling brain states can modify AD pathology. Specifically, we summarise the relationship between AD and changes in gamma and slow oscillations. As pathological changes in these oscillations correlate with AD pathology, manipulations of either gamma or slow oscillations can modify AD pathology in mouse models. We argue that neuromodulation approaches to target brain states are a promising non-pharmacological intervention for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Byron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Anna Semenova
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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27
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Distinct Characteristics of Odor-evoked Calcium and Electrophysiological Signals in Mitral/Tufted Cells in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:959-972. [PMID: 33856645 PMCID: PMC8275716 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber photometry is a recently-developed method that indirectly measures neural activity by monitoring Ca2+ signals in genetically-identified neuronal populations. Although fiber photometry is widely used in neuroscience research, the relationship between the recorded Ca2+ signals and direct electrophysiological measurements of neural activity remains elusive. Here, we simultaneously recorded odor-evoked Ca2+ and electrophysiological signals [single-unit spikes and local field potentials (LFPs)] from mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb of awake, head-fixed mice. Odors evoked responses in all types of signal but the response characteristics (e.g., type of response and time course) differed. The Ca2+ signal was correlated most closely with power in the β-band of the LFP. The Ca2+ signal performed slightly better at odor classification than high-γ oscillations, worse than single-unit spikes, and similarly to β oscillations. These results provide new information to help researchers select an appropriate method for monitoring neural activity under specific conditions.
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28
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Ramezani Z, Seo KJ, Fang H. Hybrid Electrical and Optical Neural Interfaces. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2021; 31:044002. [PMID: 34177136 PMCID: PMC8232899 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6439/abeb30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neural interfaces bridge the nervous system and the outside world by recording and stimulating neurons. Combining electrical and optical modalities in a single, hybrid neural interface system could lead to complementary and powerful new ways to explore the brain. It has gained robust and exciting momentum recently in neuroscience and neural engineering research. Here, we review developments in the past several years aiming to achieve such hybrid electrical and optical microsystem platforms. Specifically, we cover three major categories of technological advances: transparent neuroelectrodes, optical neural fibers with electrodes, and neural probes/grids integrating electrodes and microscale light-emitting diodes. We discuss examples of these probes tailored to combine electrophysiological recording with optical imaging or optical neural stimulation of the brain and possible directions of future innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Fang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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29
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Population imaging discrepancies between a genetically-encoded calcium indicator (GECI) versus a genetically-encoded voltage indicator (GEVI). Sci Rep 2021; 11:5295. [PMID: 33674659 PMCID: PMC7935943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically-encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are essential for studying brain function, while voltage indicators (GEVIs) are slowly permeating neuroscience. Fundamentally, GECI and GEVI measure different things, but both are advertised as reporters of “neuronal activity”. We quantified the similarities and differences between calcium and voltage imaging modalities, in the context of population activity (without single-cell resolution) in brain slices. GECI optical signals showed 8–20 times better SNR than GEVI signals, but GECI signals attenuated more with distance from the stimulation site. We show the exact temporal discrepancy between calcium and voltage imaging modalities, and discuss the misleading aspects of GECI imaging. For example, population voltage signals already repolarized to the baseline (~ disappeared), while the GECI signals were still near maximum. The region-to-region propagation latencies, easily captured by GEVI imaging, are blurred in GECI imaging. Temporal summation of GECI signals is highly exaggerated, causing uniform voltage events produced by neuronal populations to appear with highly variable amplitudes in GECI population traces. Relative signal amplitudes in GECI recordings are thus misleading. In simultaneous recordings from multiple sites, the compound EPSP signals in cortical neuropil (population signals) are less distorted by GEVIs than by GECIs.
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30
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Wang Y, DeMarco EM, Witzel LS, Keighron JD. A selected review of recent advances in the study of neuronal circuits using fiber photometry. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 201:173113. [PMID: 33444597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the correlation between animal behaviors and the underlying neuronal circuits, it is important to monitor and record neurotransmission in the brain of freely moving animals. With the development of fiber photometry, based on genetically encoded biosensors, and novel electrochemical biosensors, it is possible to measure some key neuronal transmission events specific to cell types or neurotransmitters of interest with high temporospatial resolution. This review discusses the recent advances and achievements of these two techniques in the study of neurotransmission in animal models and how they can be used to complement other techniques in the neuroscientist's toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emily M DeMarco
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lisa Sophia Witzel
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Keighron
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
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31
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Wilson CA, Fouda S, Sakata S. Effects of optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons on Alzheimer's disease pathology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15456. [PMID: 32963298 PMCID: PMC7508947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity can modify Alzheimer's disease pathology. Overexcitation of neurons can facilitate disease progression whereas the induction of cortical gamma oscillations can reduce amyloid load and improve cognitive functions in mouse models. Although previous studies have induced cortical gamma oscillations by either optogenetic activation of cortical parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons or sensory stimuli, it is still unclear whether other approaches to induce gamma oscillations can also be beneficial. Here we show that optogenetic activation of PV+ neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) increases amyloid burden, rather than reducing it. We applied 40 Hz optical stimulation in the BF by expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in PV+ neurons of 5xFAD mice. After 1-h induction of cortical gamma oscillations over three days, we observed the increase in the concentration of amyloid-β42 in the frontal cortical region, but not amyloid-β40. Amyloid plaques were accumulated more in the medial prefrontal cortex and the septal nuclei, both of which are targets of BF PV+ neurons. These results suggest that beneficial effects of cortical gamma oscillations on Alzheimer's disease pathology can depend on the induction mechanisms of cortical gamma oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah Fouda
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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32
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Liu C, Zhao Y, Cai X, Xie Y, Wang T, Cheng D, Li L, Li R, Deng Y, Ding H, Lv G, Zhao G, Liu L, Zou G, Feng M, Sun Q, Yin L, Sheng X. A wireless, implantable optoelectrochemical probe for optogenetic stimulation and dopamine detection. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:64. [PMID: 34567675 PMCID: PMC8433152 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Physical and chemical technologies have been continuously progressing advances in neuroscience research. The development of research tools for closed-loop control and monitoring neural activities in behaving animals is highly desirable. In this paper, we introduce a wirelessly operated, miniaturized microprobe system for optical interrogation and neurochemical sensing in the deep brain. Via epitaxial liftoff and transfer printing, microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) as light sources and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)-coated diamond films as electrochemical sensors are vertically assembled to form implantable optoelectrochemical probes for real-time optogenetic stimulation and dopamine detection capabilities. A customized, lightweight circuit module is employed for untethered, remote signal control, and data acquisition. After the probe is injected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of freely behaving mice, in vivo experiments clearly demonstrate the utilities of the multifunctional optoelectrochemical microprobe system for optogenetic interference of place preferences and detection of dopamine release. The presented options for material and device integrations provide a practical route to simultaneous optical control and electrochemical sensing of complex nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xue Cai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Taoyi Wang
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Dali Cheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Lizhu Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Beijing Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Beijing, 100094 China
| | - Yuping Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - He Ding
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Guoqing Lv
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Guanlei Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Guisheng Zou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Meixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Nano-devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nano-devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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33
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Marcoleta JP, Nogueira W, Doll T. Distributed mixed signal demultiplexer for electrocorticography electrodes. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:055006. [PMID: 33444237 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab9fed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a novel architecture, exemplified for electrophysiological applications like ECoG that can be used to detect Epilepsy. The new ECoG is based on a mixed analog-digital architecture (Pulse Amplitude Modulation PAM), that allows the use of thousands of electrodes for recording. Whilst the increased number of electrodes helps to refine the spatial resolution of the medical application, the transmission of the signals from the electrodes to an external analysing device appears to be a bottleneck. To overcoming this, our work presents a hardware architecture and corresponding protocol for a mixed architecture that improves the information density between channels and their signal-to-noise ratio. This is shown by the correlation between the input and the transmitted signals in comparison to a classical digital transmission (Pulse Code Modulation PCM) system. We show in this work that it is possible to transmit the signals of 10 channels with a analog-digital architecture with the same quality of a full digital architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Marcoleta
- Medical University Hannover, Cluster of Excellence 'Hearing4all', Hannover, Germany
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34
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Maglie E, Pisanello M, Pisano F, Balena A, Bianco M, Spagnolo B, Sileo L, Sabatini BL, De Vittorio M, Pisanello F. Ray tracing models for estimating light collection properties of microstructured tapered optical fibers for optical neural interfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3856-3859. [PMID: 32667302 DOI: 10.1364/ol.397022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tapered optical fibers (TFs) were recently employed for depth-resolved monitoring of functional fluorescence in subcortical brain structures, enabling light collection from groups of a few cells through small optical windows located on the taper edge [Pisano et al., Nat. Methods16, 1185 (2019)1548-709110.1038/s41592-019-0581-x]. Here we present a numerical model to estimate light collection properties of microstructured TFs implanted in scattering brain tissue. Ray tracing coupled with the Henyey-Greenstein scattering model enables the estimation of both light collection and fluorescence excitation fields in three dimensions, whose combination is employed to retrieve the volume of tissue probed by the device.
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