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Wang Q, Liu X, Li Y, Wang Z, Fang Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Dong M, Ye M, Jia L. Rational development of functional hydrophilic polymer to characterize site-specific glycan differences between bovine milk and colostrum. Food Chem 2024; 460:140669. [PMID: 39094346 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
As vastly modified on secreted proteins, N-glycosylation is found on milk proteins and undergo dynamic changes during lactation, characterizing milk protein glycosylation would benefit the elucidation of glycosylation pattern differences between samples. However, their low abundance required specific enrichment. Herein, through rational design and controllable synthesis, we developed a novel multi-functional polymer for the isolation of protein glycosylation. It efficiently separated glycopeptides from complex background inferences with mutual efforts of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), metal ion affinity and ion exchange. By fine-tuning Ca2+ as regulators of aldehyde hyaluronic acid (HA) conformation, the grafting density of HA was remarkably improved. Moreover, grafting Ti4+ further enhanced the enrichment performance. Application of this material to characterize bovine milk and colostrum proteins yields 479 and 611 intact glycopeptides, respectively. Comparative analysis unraveled the distinct glycosylation pattern as well the different distribution of glycoprotein abundances between the two samples, offering insights for functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xin Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingming Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Lingyun Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
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Obanla TO, Khan MM, Adetunji AO, Ajuwon KM, Fahrenholz AC, Iwuozo OC, Adjei-Fremah S, Ekunseitan DA, Fasina YO. Characterization of spray-dried plasma-induced immune response in Salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104077. [PMID: 39154605 PMCID: PMC11381756 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spray-dried plasma (SDP) is a functional feed additive that has been established to improve performance and health of livestock. Understanding the effect of SDP in immune response modulation is essential to optimize its use for controlling Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection in chickens. This study was conducted to determine the levels of expression of selected cytokine genes in the ileum and cecal tonsil of SE-challenged broiler chicks. In a floor-pen housing, 320 broilers chicks were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups: CX (unmedicated corn-soybean meal (SBM) basal without SDP), MX (unmedicated corn-SBM basal with antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) added at 0.055g/kg diet), PCX (unmedicated corn-SBM basal with SDP added at 30g/kg diet). Treatments SE, MSE, and PSE consisted of chicks inoculated with 7.46 × 108 CFU SE /mL at 1 d of age and given diets similar to CX, MX, and PCX, respectively. Samples of cecal tonsils and ileum were collected on d 3, 7 and 14 post infection for qRT-PCR analysis to determine the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-13, IL-17, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β genes. In the ceca tonsils, expression of IFN-γ was not affected by the interaction of Day and Treatment (P > 0.05). The level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 was lower in MX and PCX on d 7 whereas high levels were expressed (P < 0.05) in MSE and PSE. In the ileum, expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in PSE and MSE, but only PSE expressed lower IL-6 comparable to unchallenged treatments. On d 28 postchallenge, concentrations of anti-SE IgY and IL-6 protein were higher (P < 0.05) in the SE-challenged treatments compared to the unchallenged treatments. Overall, these results suggest that dietary SDP showed similar potency to BMD in modulating intestinal cytokine response against intestinal SE colonization in broiler chicks and therefore can be considered suitable alternative replacement for antibiotics in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitayo O Obanla
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Md Maruf Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Adedeji O Adetunji
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Adam C Fahrenholz
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Odinaka C Iwuozo
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Sarah Adjei-Fremah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA
| | - Deji A Ekunseitan
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Yewande O Fasina
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
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Wang L, Ma N, Zhang Y, Wang T, Liu L, Qian W. Real-time monitoring of peptic and tryptic digestions of immunoglobulin G and the impact of dietary hydrocolloids on digestion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134649. [PMID: 39128763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) exhibits potent antiviral, antibacterial, and immunological activities. The digestion process and bioavailability of IgG are often a concern. Dietary hydrocolloids are crucial for regulating healthy digestion and the bioavailability of protein as functional components. Understanding the effects of dietary hydrocolloids on the digestive kinetics of IgG is requisite. Herein, the pepsin and trypsin digestion of IgG was investigated using ordered porous layer interferometry (OPLI). The real-time variation in the interference spectral shift reflected by OPLI can be converted into changes in the optical thickness (OT) to obtain a degradation kinetics curve. The impact of dietary hydrocolloids, including alginic acid sodium salt (ALG), polydextrose (PD), and konjac glucomannan (KG), on IgG degradation was evaluated using OPLI. The results demonstrated that ALG significantly inhibited the degradation of IgG by pepsin under acidic conditions, whereas the addition of PD increased the Michaelis-Menten constant for IgG degradation by trypsin. Notably, this dependence is not based on the hydrocolloid viscosity, but relies more on the electrical properties. The study enhances our understanding of how hydrocolloids affect IgG digestion and could provide valuable insights into preserving IgG activity and facilitating the development of oral drugs or health products related to IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tianze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; OPLI (Suzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, New District, Suzhou 215163, China.
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Nordsten MJB, Winther CL, Haugaard MM, Skovgaard K, Thymann T, Sangild PT. Enteral plasma feeding improves gut function and immunity in piglets after birth asphyxia. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03376-0. [PMID: 39034356 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Birth asphyxia may negatively affect gut function and immunity in newborns. Conversely, immunomodulatory milk diets may protect the gut and immune system against damage caused by asphyxia. Using caesarean-derived pigs as models, we hypothesised that enteral feeding with plasma improves gut and immune functions in asphyxiated newborns. METHODS Near-term pig fetuses (98% gestation,) were delivered by caesarean section after 8 min umbilical cord occlusion, leading to transient birth asphyxia (ASP, n = 75) and compared with non-occluded controls (CON, n = 69). Piglets were further randomised to supplementation with/without porcine plasma (plasma, PLA/vehicle, VEH), into bovine colostrum (first 24 h) or formula (until 72 h). RESULTS Compared with CON, ASP piglets took longer to achieve stable respiration and showed reduced blood pH, weight gain and survival. Independent of asphyxia, plasma supplementation reduced gut haemorrhagic lesions, permeability and inflammatory cytokines together with improved villous morphology and brush-border enzyme activities. Asphyxia reduced blood cytokine responses to ex vivo bacterial stimulation, whereas plasma supplementation ameliorated this effect. CONCLUSION Dietary plasma supplementation improves survival, gut functions and immunity in both normal and asphyxiated newborns. The components in plasma that mediate gut-protective effects in piglets remain to be identified, but may benefit also birth-compromised newborn infants. IMPACT Complicated deliveries leading to birth asphyxia, may negatively affect gut, liver and immune adaptation in the first days after birth. Using a model of birth asphyxia in caesarean-derived piglets, we show that enteral feeding with maternal plasma exerts gut maturational and immunomodulatory effects in both control and asphyxiated animals in the first days of life. The mechanisms behind the gut-protective effects of plasma are unknown, but plasma components hold potential for new oral therapies for compromised newborn infants as well as piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Jacob Bagi Nordsten
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina L Winther
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Mathilde Haugaard
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Per T Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Huang Y, Lei Y, Gong Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhao D, Song L. Feeding Eucommia ulmoides extract enhances protection against high-temperature stress in chicks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103827. [PMID: 38801811 PMCID: PMC11150962 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chick's susceptibility to heat stress often leads to growth retardation, immune function impairment, disease, and mortality. This thesis explores the potential ameliorative effect of 0.8% Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) into the diet of heat-stressed chicks in a 15-d feeding trial. The investigation reveals that feeding EUE significantly enhances the BW, ADG, AFI, and F/G of chicks experiencing heat stress. Additionally, the EUE groups exhibited higher levels of T-AOC (at 7 and 15d), SOD (at 15 d), GSH-Px (at 15 d), as well as lower MDA concentrations (at 7 and 15d) in chick serum. Pathological changes and H&E staining revealed that EUE effectively improved tissue damage in the duodenum, heart, and stomach induced by heat stress in the chicks. The EUE groups also showed higher levels of IgA (at 7 d), IgG and IgM (at 7 and 15 d). RNA-seq and WGCNA analysis revealed that EUE mitigates cellular damage and losses in heat-stressed chicks primarily through pathways involving signal transduction, protein synthesis and degradation, as well as cell cycle regulation, particularly the latter. This investigation serves as a fundamental and cognitive framework for the development and application of Eucommia ulmoides feed additives aimed at safeguarding the well-being of chicks in adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops, Xingyi, Guizhou Province 562400, China
| | - Zouxian Gong
- Clinical Medical College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550004, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Minxue Li
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Shuicheng District, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province 553040, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550006, China
| | - Li Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China.
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6
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Duan H, Sun Q, Chen C, Wang R, Yan W. A Review: The Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Immunity in People of All Ages. Nutrients 2024; 16:2007. [PMID: 38999755 PMCID: PMC11242949 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum provides newborn calves with strong passive immunity, which will further affect the immunity of their offspring. Compared with other commercial dairy products, bovine colostrum emphasizes the limit of aflatoxin M1, pathogenic bacteria, microorganisms, antibiotics, stimulants, and other items, so it is safe to use. There are many reports that the use of bovine colostrum as a breast milk fortifier for preterm infants provides necessary immune support for premature infants, but the selection of bovine colostrum products chosen must be free of Bacillus cereus because they are very dangerous for premature infants. This also emphasizes that for the bovine colostrum that is used in preterm infants, more clinical research support is needed. At the same time, it should also be emphasized that the composition of BC is different from that of human colostrum, in particular, the main protein of BC is casein, while the main protein in breast milk is whey protein, especially α-lactalbumin, which together with ovalbumin is still the reference protein with the best biological value, especially for muscles. Therefore, bovine colostrum is currently not a complete substitute for breast milk. In recent years, in addition to reports of bovine colostrum use in preterm infants, studies have also found that bovine colostrum has immunomodulatory and promoting effects in adolescents, adults, and the elderly. This suggests that bovine colostrum has the potential to provide appropriate immune support for people of all ages. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of nutritional characteristics of bovine colostrum on three dimensions. The effects of bovine colostrum on people of all ages is a narrative review of the effects of bovine colostrum on immunity in people of all ages. This review identified several classes of immunoactive substances in bovine colostrum, including immunoglobulins, cytokines, and enzymes, and compared the nutritional composition of bovine colostrum with mature milk, colostrum and mature milk in full-term breast milk, and colostrum and mature milk in preterm breast milk, to demonstrate that bovine colostrum provides a rich range of immunoactive components. In addition, the influencing factors affecting the quality of bovine colostrum (immunoglobulin) were reviewed, and it was found that individual differences, environmental factors, and processing methods had a great impact on the quality of BC. More importantly, the immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in people of all ages were reviewed in detail (with an emphasis on preterm infants and immunocompromised children in neonates) as evidence to support the immunity effects of colostrum in people of all ages. This review hopes to use the above evidence to make people understand the health role of bovine colostrum as having a human immunomodulatory effect, and at the same time, when seeing the potential value of bovine colostrum in the future, the limitations of its application should also be deeply re-explored, such as lactose intolerance, allergies, etc., to provide effective solutions for the wide application of bovine colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Native Nutrition and Medical Research Institute, Tianmeijian Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
- Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nature Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Native Nutrition and Medical Research Institute, Tianmeijian Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongchang Wang
- Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nature Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
- Research and Development Center, Nanjing Daily Nutrition Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211215, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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Zhang C, Mei J, Wang Y, Yu B, Liu H. Functional properties and flavor characteristics of milk from cows supplemented with jujube powder. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3492-3501. [PMID: 37923209 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Jujube has various functional properties and is a promising source of bioactive compounds and flavors. This study investigated the functional properties and flavor characteristics of milk from cows supplemented with jujube powder (JP). Here, milk volatile profiles and taste properties were analyzed by using an electronic nose and headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS. Compared with the control group, the total antioxidant capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic free-radical-scavenging activity, lactoferrin, and IgG levels increased significantly in the JP group. Volatile flavor analysis indicated that ketone levels increased, acid abundance decreased, and toluene and dimethyl sulfone significantly increased in the JP group. Taste-profile analyses demonstrated that jujube supplementation altered the taste of the milk. In summary, dietary JP supplementation affects the volatile flavor composition and aroma of milk, as well as the bioactive components and antioxidant properties. These findings enhance our understanding of milk production using direct dietary supplementation to produce sustainable dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yinxiang Wang
- Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co. Ltd., Heze 401420, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co. Ltd., Heze 401420, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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8
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Jennings CC, Freidenberger M, Christensen SA, Conlin J, Freidenberger O, Kenealey JD. Thermal characterization and separation of whey proteins by differential scanning calorimetry. Food Chem 2024; 441:138347. [PMID: 38183724 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Most commercially available whey products contain a mixture of 6-7 whey proteins; however, there is an increased focus on using the individual whey proteins for their unique biological activities. Before extracting individual whey proteins for use, it is important to quantify how much of a particular protein is present in whey mixtures as well as if the protein is still structurally folded. We first characterized the denaturation temperature and enthalpy values for the six purified whey proteins at six pHs (3-9) and under ion chelation using a nano-differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). From the individual protein scans, we determined the optimal condition for detecting all 6 proteins on a single DSC scan was whey in an EDTA MOPs pH 6.7 buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity C Jennings
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - McCall Freidenberger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - Joy Conlin
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - Olivia Freidenberger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States
| | - Jason D Kenealey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, UT 84606, United States.
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9
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Sangild PT. Science and Faith to Understand Milk Bioactivity for Infants. Nutrients 2024; 16:1676. [PMID: 38892610 PMCID: PMC11174769 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk bioactivity refers to the specific health effects of milk components beyond nutrition. The science of milk bioactivity involves the systematic study of these components and their health effects, as verified by empirical data, controlled experiments, and logical arguments. Conversely, 'faith in milk bioactivity' can be defined as personal opinion, meaning, value, trust, and hope for health effects that are beyond investigation by natural, social, or human sciences. Faith can be strictly secular, but also influenced by spirituality or religion. The aim of this paper is to show that scientific knowledge is frequently supplemented with faith convictions to establish personal and public understanding of milk bioactivity. Mammalian milk is an immensely complex fluid containing myriad proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and micronutrients with multiple functions across species, genetics, ages, environments, and cultures. Human health includes not only physical health, but also social, mental, and spiritual health, requiring widely different fields of science to prove the relevance, safety, and efficacy of milk interventions. These complex relationships between milk feeding and health outcomes prevent firm conclusions based on science and logic alone. Current beliefs in and understanding of the value of breast milk, colostrum, infant formula, or isolated milk proteins (e.g., immunoglobulins, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and growth factors) show that both science and faith contribute to understand, stimulate, or restrict the use of milk bioactivity. The benefits of breastfeeding for infants are beyond doubt, but the strong beliefs in its health effects rely not only on science, and mechanisms are unclear. Likewise, fear of, or trust in, infant formula may rely on both science and faith. Knowledge from science safeguards individuals and society against 'milk bioactivity superstition'. Conversely, wisdom from faith-based convictions may protect science from unrealistic 'milk bioactivity scientism'. Honesty and transparency about the potentials and limitations of both scientific knowledge and faith convictions are important when informing individuals and society about the nutritious and bioactive qualities of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per T. Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children’s Hospital, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cross-Faculty Center for Science and Faith, Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Van den Abbeele P, Kunkler CN, Poppe J, Rose A, van Hengel IAJ, Baudot A, Warner CD. Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin Promotes Barrier Integrity and Lowers Inflammation for 24 Human Adults Ex Vivo. Nutrients 2024; 16:1585. [PMID: 38892520 PMCID: PMC11174680 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI) prevents translocation and inflammation via direct binding of microbial components. Recently, SBI also displayed potential benefits through gut microbiome modulation. To confirm and expand upon these preliminary findings, SBI digestion and colonic fermentation were investigated using the clinically predictive ex vivo SIFR® technology (for 24 human adults) that was, for the first time, combined with host cells (epithelial/immune (Caco-2/THP-1) cells). SBI (human equivalent dose (HED) = 2 and 5 g/day) and the reference prebiotic inulin (IN; HED = 2 g/day) significantly promoted gut barrier integrity and did so more profoundly than a dietary protein (DP), especially upon LPS-induced inflammation. SBI also specifically lowered inflammatory markers (TNF-α and CXCL10). SBI and IN both enhanced SCFA (acetate/propionate/butyrate) via specific gut microbes, while SBI specifically stimulated valerate/bCFA and indole-3-propionic acid (health-promoting tryptophan metabolite). Finally, owing to the high-powered cohort (n = 24), treatment effects could be stratified based on initial microbiota composition: IN exclusively stimulated (acetate/non-gas producing) Bifidobacteriaceae for subjects classifying as Bacteroides/Firmicutes-enterotype donors, coinciding with high acetate/low gas production and thus likely better tolerability of IN. Altogether, this study strongly suggests gut microbiome modulation as a mechanism by which SBI promotes health. Moreover, the SIFR® technology was shown to be a powerful tool to stratify treatment responses and support future personalized nutrition approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte N. Kunkler
- Proliant Health & Biologicals, LLC., Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; (C.N.K.); (A.R.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Jonas Poppe
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (J.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexis Rose
- Proliant Health & Biologicals, LLC., Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; (C.N.K.); (A.R.); (C.D.W.)
| | | | - Aurélien Baudot
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (J.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Christopher D. Warner
- Proliant Health & Biologicals, LLC., Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; (C.N.K.); (A.R.); (C.D.W.)
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11
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Mitchell E, Comerford K, Knight M, McKinney K, Lawson Y. A review of dairy food intake for improving health among black geriatrics in the US. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:274-291. [PMID: 38365561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The transition to older adulthood is generally marked by progressive declines in body composition, metabolism, cognitive function, and immunity. For socially disadvantaged geriatric populations such as Black Americans, this life stage may also include additional stressors, including dealing with discrimination, poor access to healthcare, and food insecurity. These types of chronic stressors are linked to a higher allostatic load, which is associated with accelerated biological aging, higher rates of adverse health outcomes, and an overall lower quality of life. Of the numerous factors involved in healthy aging, a growing body of research indicates that consuming a higher quality diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, protein foods, and dairy foods, is one of the most potent factors for helping to protect against age-related disease progression. Among the food groups listed above that are recommended by the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans dairy foods are unique in their ability to provide several of the essential nutrients (e.g., high-quality protein, calcium, potassium, vitamin B12, and vitamin D in fortified products) that are most often inadequately consumed by older Black Americans. However, dairy is the most inadequately consumed food group in the US, with older Black adults consuming fewer than half of the 3 daily recommended servings. Therefore, this review examines the current body of evidence exploring the links between dairy intake and age-related disease risk, with a special focus on health and disparities among older Black Americans. Overall, the evidence from most systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses focused on dairy intake and musculoskeletal health suggest that higher dairy intake across the life span, and especially from fermented and fortified products, is associated with better bone and muscle health outcomes in older adults. The evidence on dairy intake and neurocognitive and immune outcomes among older adults holds significant promise for potential benefits, but most of these results are sourced from individual studies or narrative reviews and are not currently corroborated in systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Additionally, most of the research on dairy intake and age-related disease risk has been performed in White populations and can only be extrapolated to Black populations. Nonetheless, older Black populations who do not meet the DGA recommended 3 servings of dairy per day due to lactose intolerance, restrictive dietary patterns, or for other reasons, are likely falling short of several of the nutritional requirements necessary to support healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Comerford
- OMNI Nutrition Science; California Dairy Research Foundation, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Michael Knight
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Kevin McKinney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Yolanda Lawson
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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12
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Eker F, Akdaşçi E, Duman H, Yalçıntaş YM, Canbolat AA, Kalkan AE, Karav S, Šamec D. Antimicrobial Properties of Colostrum and Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:251. [PMID: 38534686 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing number of antibiotic resistance genes is putting a strain on the ecosystem and harming human health. In addition, consumers have developed a cautious attitude towards chemical preservatives. Colostrum and milk are excellent sources of antibacterial components that help to strengthen the immunity of the offspring and accelerate the maturation of the immune system. It is possible to study these important defenses of milk and colostrum, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, oligosaccharides, etc., as biotherapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of numerous infections caused by microbes. Each of these components has different mechanisms and interactions in various places. The compound's mechanisms of action determine where the antibacterial activity appears. The activation of the antibacterial activity of milk and colostrum compounds can start in the infant's mouth during lactation and continue in the gastrointestinal regions. These antibacterial properties possess potential for therapeutic uses. In order to discover new perspectives and methods for the treatment of bacterial infections, additional investigations of the mechanisms of action and potential complexes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Emir Akdaşçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Mert Yalçıntaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alperen Canbolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Arda Erkan Kalkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Dunja Šamec
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg Dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
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Pantoja MHDA, Novais FJD, Mourão GB, Mateescu RG, Poleti MD, Beline M, Monteiro CP, Fukumasu H, Titto CG. Exploring candidate genes for heat tolerance in ovine through liver gene expression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25692. [PMID: 38370230 PMCID: PMC10869868 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermotolerance has become an essential factor in the prevention of the adverse effects of heat stress, but it varies among animals. Identifying genes related to heat adaptability traits is important for improving thermotolerance and for selecting more productive animals in hot environments. The primary objective of this research was to find candidate genes in the liver that play a crucial role in the heat stress response of Santa Ines sheep, which exhibit varying levels of heat tolerance. To achieve this goal, 80 sheep were selected based on their thermotolerance and placed in a climate chamber for 10 days, during which the average temperature was maintained at 36 °C from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. and 28 °C from 4 p.m. to 10 a.m. A subset of 14 extreme animals, with seven thermotolerant and seven non-thermotolerant animals based on heat loss (rectal temperature), were selected for liver sampling. RNA sequencing and differential gene expression analysis were performed. Thermotolerant sheep showed higher expression of genes GPx3, RGS6, GPAT3, VLDLR, LOC101108817, and EVC. These genes were mainly related to the Hedgehog signaling pathway, glutathione metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and thyroid hormone synthesis. These enhanced pathways in thermotolerant animals could potentially mitigate the negative effects of heat stress, conferring greater heat resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messy Hannear de Andrade Pantoja
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco José de Novais
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Raluca G. Mateescu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mirele Daiana Poleti
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Beline
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0002, United States
| | - Camylla Pedrosa Monteiro
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
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Graikini D, García L, Abad I, Lavilla M, Puértolas E, Pérez MD, Sánchez L. Antirotaviral activity of dairy byproducts enriched in fractions from hyperimmune bovine colostrum: the effect of thermal and high hydrostatic pressure treatments. Food Funct 2024; 15:2265-2281. [PMID: 38319687 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05250h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, rotaviruses remain a major health burden, especially in developing countries, and strategies complementary to vaccination are needed. In this view, dairy fractions have attracted great scientific interest, due to their high content of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of whey and buttermilk enriched in proteins from hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) against rotavirus. The enriched fractions were spray-dried and subsequently tested for their neutralizing activity against the bovine rotavirus WC3 strain in vitro, using differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cells. The highest antirotaviral activity was observed when whey and buttermilk were enriched in purified immunoglobulin G (IgG), showing complete rotavirus neutralization at concentrations of 3 and 6 mg mL-1 for whey and buttermilk, respectively. Additionally, the use of a crude immunoglobulin fraction also gave satisfactory results. The inhibitory activities of all samples significantly decreased after the application of heat, except for the IgG-enriched buttermilk which showed a slight increase of activity following the application of short-time treatments (75 or 85 °C for 20 s). This sample also showed a significant increase of activity (13%) after the application of low-intensity high hydrostatic pressure treatment (400 MPa for 5 min). The maximum loss of bioactivity was observed at 600 MPa for 10 min (31 and 20% for whey- and buttermilk-based formulas, respectively). This study provides relevant information on the potential of whey, buttermilk, and HBC to be part of functional products as complementary strategies to combat rotavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Graikini
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura García
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Inés Abad
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Lavilla
- AZTI-BRTA, Food Research-Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Eduardo Puértolas
- AZTI-BRTA, Food Research-Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departmento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Shehzadi S, Javed M, Ullah A, Bilal Waqar A, Iftikhar Shah F, Ullah S. In-vitro Augmentation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Using Adult Bovine Serum. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1286-1292. [PMID: 37861050 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x260118230927050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are increasingly being utilized for immune-related disease therapies due to their low immunogenicity. However, the primary culture of UC-MSCs requires the supplementation of serum in the growth medium, which has posed a challenge due to ethical issues related to the collection method of the fetal bovine serum (FBS) that is routinely used in cell culture. AIM In order to address this, the purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of adult bovine serum (ABS) as a different and more affordable source of serum for the in-vitro cultivation of UC-MSCs. UC-MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cord of Wharton's jelly of cow immediately after birth, by digestion with Collagenase type I. METHOD ABS was collected from fresh bovine sources and heat-inactivated. The morphology of UC-MSCs was observed under an inverted microscope, and growth patterns, proliferative index, and doubling time were calculated every two days to compare the efficacy of ABS with FBS. Immunocytochemistry for specific markers was also conducted on the MSCs. RESULT The results showed a notable difference in morphology, growth rate, population doubling, and proliferative index between ABS and FBS. CONCLUSION Intriguingly, ABS proved to be an effective supplement in the growth medium for expanding UC-MSCs in vitro, providing a viable alternative to FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somia Shehzadi
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Javed
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ahmad Bilal Waqar
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ullah
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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16
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Islam D, Ruamsap N, Imerbsin R, Khanijou P, Gonwong S, Wegner MD, McVeigh A, Poly FM, Crawford JM, Swierczewski BE, Kaminski RW, Laird RM. Bioactivity and efficacy of a hyperimmune bovine colostrum product- Travelan, against shigellosis in a non-Human primate model (Macaca mulatta). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294021. [PMID: 38091314 PMCID: PMC10718440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diarrhea is a World Health Organization public health priority area due to the lack of effective vaccines and an accelerating global antimicrobial resistance crisis. New strategies are urgently needed such as immunoprophylactic for prevention of diarrheal diseases. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) is an established and effective prophylactic for infectious diarrhea. The commercial HBC product, Travelan® (Immuron Ltd, Australia) targets multiple strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is highly effective in preventing diarrhea in human clinical studies. Although Travelan® targets ETEC, preliminary studies suggested cross-reactivity with other Gram-negative enteric pathogens including Shigella and Salmonella species. For this study we selected an invasive diarrheal/dysentery-causing enteric pathogen, Shigella, to evaluate the effectiveness of Travelan®, both in vitro and in vivo. Here we demonstrate broad cross-reactivity of Travelan® with all four Shigella spp. (S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae and S. boydii) and important virulence factor Shigella antigens. Naïve juvenile rhesus macaques (NJRM) were randomized, 8 dosed with Travelan® and 4 with a placebo intragastrically twice daily over 6 days. All NJRM were challenged with S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T on the 4th day of treatment and monitored for diarrheal symptoms. All placebo-treated NJRM displayed acute dysentery symptoms within 24-36 hours of challenge. Two Travelan®-treated NJRM displayed dysentery symptoms and six animals remained healthy and symptom-free post challenge; resulting in 75% efficacy of prevention of shigellosis (p = 0.014). These results strongly indicate that Travelan® is functionally cross-reactive and an effective prophylactic for shigellosis. This has positive implications for the prophylactic use of Travelan® for protection against both ETEC and Shigella spp. diarrheal infections. Future refinement and expansion of pathogens recognized by HBC including Travelan® could revolutionize current management of gastrointestinal infections and outbreaks in travelers' including military, peacekeepers, humanitarian workers and in populations living in endemic regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Islam
- US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Ruamsap
- US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Imerbsin
- US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchariya Khanijou
- US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriphan Gonwong
- US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matthew D. Wegner
- US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Annette McVeigh
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Naval Medical Research Command (NMRC), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frédéric M. Poly
- Naval Medical Research Command (NMRC), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John M. Crawford
- US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Brett E. Swierczewski
- US Army Medical Directorate of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMD-AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert W. Kaminski
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Renee M. Laird
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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17
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Luo F, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhou P. Nutritional and health effects of bovine colostrum in neonates. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad145. [PMID: 38052234 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of immunoglobulins, bioactive peptides, and growth factors are found in bovine colostrum (BC), the milk produced by cows in the first few days after parturition. Various biological functions make it increasingly used to provide nutritional support and immune protection to the offspring of many species, including humans. These biological functions include cell growth stimulation, anti-infection, and immunomodulation. The primary components and biological functions of colostrum were reviewed in the literature, and the authors also looked at its latent effects on the growth and development of neonates as well as on conditions such as infections, necrotizing enterocolitis, short bowel syndrome, and feeding intolerance. The importance of BC in neonatal nutrition, immune support, growth and development, and gut health has been demonstrated in a number of experimental and animal studies. BC has also been shown to be safe at low doses without adverse effects in newborns. BC supplementation has been shown to be efficient in preventing several disorders, including rotavirus diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis in animal models of prematurity and some newborn studies. Therefore, BC supplementation should be considered in cases where maternal milk is insufficient or donor milk is unavailable. The optimal age, timing, dosage, and form of BC administration still require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Luo
- Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University-Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University-Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Jinan University-Affiliated Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Tortadès M, Marti S, Devant M, Vidal M, Fàbregas F, Terré M. Feeding colostrum and transition milk facilitates digestive tract functionality recovery from feed restriction and fasting of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8642-8657. [PMID: 37641341 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestive tract recovery and metabolism of feeding either bovine colostrum (BC), transition milk (TM), or milk replacer (MR) after an episode of feed restriction and fasting (FRF) in dairy calves. Thirty-five Holstein male calves (22 ± 4.8 d old) were involved in a 50-d study. After 3 d of feeding 2 L of rehydration solution twice daily and 19 h of fasting (d 1 of study), calves were randomly assigned to one of the 5 feeding treatments (n = 7): calves were offered either pooled BC during 4 (C4) or 10 (C10) days, pooled TM during 4 (TM4) or 10 (TM10) days, or MR for 10 d (CTRL) at the rate of 720 g/d DM content. Then, all calves were fed the same feeding program, gradually decreasing MR from 3 L twice daily to 2 L once daily at 12.5% DM until weaning (d 42), and concentrate feed, water, and straw were offered ad libitum until d 50. Citrulline, Cr-EDTA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in serum and complete blood count (CBC) were determined on d -3, 1, 2, 5, and 11 relative to FRF, except BHB and NEFA at d -3. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactoferrin (LTF), IgA, and microbiota (Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and Fecalis prausnitzii) were analyzed in feces on d 5 and 11 before the morning feeding. Health scores were recorded daily from d -3 to d 14 as well as d 23 and 30. Feed concentrate, MR, and straw intake were recorded daily, and body weight on d -3, 1, 2, 5, and 11 and weekly afterward. Calf performance, intake, serum Cr-EDTA, CBC, fecal LTF concentrations and microbiota parameters were similar among treatments throughout the study. Serum NEFA concentrations were greater in TM4, TM10 and C10 calves compared with the CTRL ones from d 2 to 11, and after the FRF, serum concentrations of BHB were lower in CTRL calves than in the other treatments, and on d 11, serum BHB concentrations in the long treatments (C10 and TM10) remained greater than those in the shorter ones (C4 and TM4) and CTRL. Serum citrulline concentrations were similar on d -3 and 1 in all treatments, but they were greater in C4, C10, TM4, and TM10 on d 2 and 5, and on d 11 they were only greater in C10 and TM10 than in CTRL calves. Fecal IgA concentrations tended to be greater in C10 than in CTRL, TM4, and TM10 calves, and in C4 and TM10 than in CTRL animals. Fecal propionate proportion was lesser in C10 than in CTRL, TM4, and TM10 calves, while butyrate was greater in C4 and C10 than in TM4 and CTRL calves. The proportion of non-normal fecal scores of C10 fed calves was greater than TM4 and TM10 calves. Results showed that TM and BC may help to recover intestinal functionality, provide gut immune protection, and increase liver fatty acid oxidation in calves after a FRF episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tortadès
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Marti
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Devant
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vidal
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Fàbregas
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Terré
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Fabjanowska J, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Klebaniuk R, Milewski S, Gümüş H. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Nutritional Support of the Reproductive and Immune System of Cattle-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3589. [PMID: 38003206 PMCID: PMC10668692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of n-3 fatty acids as a nutrient crucial to the proper functioning of reproductive and immune systems in cattle. Emphasis was placed on the connection between maternal and offspring immunity. The summarized results confirm the importance and beneficial effect of n-3 family fatty acids on ruminant organisms. Meanwhile, dietary n-3 fatty acids supplementation, especially during the critical first week for dairy cows experiencing their peripartum period, in general, is expected to enhance reproductive performance, and the impact of its supplementation appears to be dependent on body condition scores of cows during the drying period, the severity of the negative energy balance, and the amount of fat in the basic feed ration. An unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive fatty acid supplementation of cows' diets in the early stages of pregnancy (during fetus development) may affect both the metabolic and nutritional programming of the offspring. The presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family in the calves' ration affects not only the performance of calves but also the immune response, antioxidant status, and overall metabolism of the future adult cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fabjanowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hıdır Gümüş
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030 Burdur, Türkiye;
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20
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Gore R, Mohsenipour M, Wood JL, Balasuriya GK, Hill-Yardin EL, Franks AE. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum containing lipopolysaccharide antibodies (IMM124-E) has a nondetrimental effect on gut microbial communities in unchallenged mice. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0009723. [PMID: 37830823 PMCID: PMC10652967 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00097-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea with the potential to cause long-term gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Preventative treatments for ETEC-induced diarrhea exist, yet the effects of these treatments on GI commensals in healthy individuals are unclear. Whether administration of a prophylactic preventative treatment for ETEC-induced diarrhea causes specific shifts in gut microbial populations in controlled environments is also unknown. Here, we studied the effects of a hyperimmune bovine colostrum (IMM-124E) used in the manufacture of Travelan (AUST L 106709) on GI bacteria in healthy C57BL/6 mice. Using next-generation sequencing, we aimed to test the onset and magnitude of potential changes to the mouse gut microbiome in response to the antidiarrheagenic hyperimmune bovine colostrum product, rich in immunoglobulins against select ETEC strains (Travelan, Immuron Ltd). We show that in mice administered colostrum containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antibodies, there was an increased abundance of potentially gut-beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Desulfovibrio, without disrupting the underlying ecology of the GI tract. Compared to controls, there was no difference in overall weight gain, body or cecal weights, or small intestine length following LPS antibody colostrum supplementation. Overall, dietary supplementation with colostrum containing LPS antibodies produced subtle alterations in the gut bacterial composition of mice. Primarily, Travelan LPS antibody treatment decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in gut microbial populations in unchallenged healthy mice. Further studies are required to examine the effect of Travelan LPS antibody treatment to engineer the microbiome in a diseased state and during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Gore
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitra Mohsenipour
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Wood
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayathri K. Balasuriya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Elisa L. Hill-Yardin
- Neurodevelopment in Health and Disease Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Cieślicka M, Stankiewicz B, Muszkieta R, Tafil-Klawe M, Klawe J, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J. Long-Term Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Football Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:4779. [PMID: 38004173 PMCID: PMC10675434 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise, especially of high intensity, is a significant burden on an athlete's body. It should be emphasized that achieving high results in competitive sports requires the use of significant, sometimes extreme, exercise loads during training, which may result in homeostasis disorders, adversely affecting the fitness of athletes. This study aims to investigate the effects of 6 months of bovine colostrum supplementation on indicators of immune system functioning, selected parameters related to iron management, and anabolic/catabolic balance in young football players. Twenty-eight male football players completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover protocol (24 weeks of colostrum/placebo). A standardized exercise test was executed at the beginning of the trial and after 3 and 6 months of supplementation. Blood samples were taken before and after the exercise test and after 3 h of recovery. Markers of iron homeostasis, pro- and anti-inflammatory balance, and hormonal responses were determined. A significant increase in immunoglobulin G concentration was observed, accompanied by a decrease in inflammatory markers in supplemented athletes. Bovine colostrum supplementation had no significant effect on athletes' performance or on iron management and hormonal response. The use of bovine colostrum, which is characterized by a high content of immunologically active compounds, can be an element of a relatively mild and safe intervention for reducing inflammation induced by intense physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Cieślicka
- Department of Human Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.C.); (M.T.-K.)
| | - Błażej Stankiewicz
- Department of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Muszkieta
- Department of Physical Culture, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe
- Department of Human Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.C.); (M.T.-K.)
| | - Jacek Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland;
| | - Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland;
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22
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Feng Z, Shen Y, Fan G, Li T, Wu C, Ye Y. Unravelling the Proteomic Profiles of Bovine Colostrum and Mature Milk Derived from the First and Second Lactations. Foods 2023; 12:4056. [PMID: 38002115 PMCID: PMC10670645 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (BC) and mature bovine milk are highly nutritious. In addition to being consumed by adults, these dairy products are also used as protein ingredients for infant formula. However, the differences in the nutritional composition of BC and mature milk, especially regarding proteins present in trace amounts, have not been comprehensively studied. Furthermore, the distinct proteomic profiles of mature milk derived from the first lactation (Milk-L1) and the second lactation (Milk-L2) are not fully understood. To address these gaps, this study aims to uncover the subtle differences in protein compositions of BC, Milk-L1, and Milk-L2 by proteomics. Compared with BC, anti-microbial proteins β-defensins and bovine hemoglobin subunit were up-regulated in Milk-L1, while Milk-L2 exhibited higher levels of enteric β-defensin, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, sydecan-2, and cysteine-rich secretory protein 2. Additionally, immune proteins such as vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), and Ig-like domain-containing protein were found at higher levels in Milk-L1 compared with Milk-L2. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the distinct proteomic profiles of BC, Milk-L1, and Milk-L2, which contributes to the development of protein ingredients for infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Feng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.F.); (G.F.); (T.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety—State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Gongjian Fan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.F.); (G.F.); (T.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.F.); (G.F.); (T.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.F.); (G.F.); (T.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuhui Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety—State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
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23
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Duman H, Karav S. Bovine colostrum and its potential contributions for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214514. [PMID: 37908368 PMCID: PMC10613682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (BC) is the initial milk an animal produces after giving birth, particularly in the first few days. Numerous bioactive substances found in BC, including proteins, enzymes, growth factors, immunoglobulins, etc., are beneficial to human health. BC has a significant role to play as part of a healthy diet, with well-documented health and nutritional advantages for people. Therefore, the use of BC and its crucial derivatives in the development of functional food and pharmaceuticals for the prevention of several diseases such as gastrointestinal and respiratory system disorders is becoming increasingly popular around the world. A novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases that is called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. After the first SARS-CoV-2 virus-related fatality was announced, the illness quickly spread throughout China and to other continents, causing a pandemic. Since then, numerous studies have been initiated to develop safe and efficient treatments. To prevent viral infection and potential lingering effects, it is important to investigate alternative treatments for COVID-19. Due to its effective bioactive profile and its immunomodulatory roles in biological processes, BC might be considered a promising approach to assist in combating people affected by the SARS-CoV-2 or prevention from the virus. BC has immunomodulatory effects because to its high concentration of bioactive components such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, cytokines, and growth factors, etc., which might help control immunological responses, potentially fostering a balanced immune response. Furthermore, its bioactive components have a potential cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2, aiding in virus neutralization and its comprehensive food profile also supplies important vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, fostering a healthy immune system. Hence, the possible contributions of BC to the management of COVID-19 were reviewed in this article based on the most recent research on the subject. Additionally, the key BC components that influence immune system modulation were evaluated. These components may serve as potential mediators or therapeutic advantages in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Türkiye
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24
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Gao J, Dong J, Sun Z, Wang T, Guan Y, Sun Y, Qin G, Zhang X, Zhen Y. Effects of antimicrobial peptide and tributyrin on fecal microflora and blood indices of female calves. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5248-5257. [PMID: 37701190 PMCID: PMC10494653 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and tributyrin (TB) on dairy calves in terms of growth performance, immunity, oxidative stress, and intestinal microflora. A total of 40 female calves were divided into four treatment groups (n = 10): basal diet +0.015% essential oil, basal diet +0.03% AMP, basal diet +0.15% TB, and basal diet +0.03% AMP + 0.15% TB. AMP and TB supplementation increased the average daily gain (ADG) and weaning weight, while reducing diarrhea occurrence. Additionally, AMP and TB supplementation reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels. However, the combined use of AMP and TB did not significantly affect the average daily feed intake, ADG, weaning weight, or diarrhea incidence but decreased ROS levels, while increasing SOD levels as well as MDA and IgM levels. Moreover, AMP and TG supplementation increased the relative abundance of several beneficial fiber- and mucin-degrading bacteria in the gut, in contrast to combined AMP and TB supplementation. The 16S rRNA results showed that AMP supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes group (p < .01), and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (p < .01). The TB supplementation significantly increased the abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (p < .01), and significantly decreased the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes group and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (p < .01). The combined use of AMP and TB significantly increased the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Bacteroides (p < .01), and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes group and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (p < .01). In summary, diets supplemented with either AMP or TB improved the intestinal microflora, growth performance, and health of weaned calves, but combined use was detrimental to calf performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jianan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunChina
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunChina
| | - Yanling Guan
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunChina
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Special Animal ScienceHeilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation SciencesHarbinChina
| | - Guixin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunChina
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunChina
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25
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Grigalevičiūtė R, Matusevičius P, Plančiūnienė R, Stankevičius R, Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė E, Balevičiūtė A, Želvys A, Zinkevičienė A, Zigmantaitė V, Kučinskas A, Kavaliauskas P. Understanding the Immunomodulatory Effects of Bovine Colostrum: Insights into IL-6/IL-10 Axis-Mediated Inflammatory Control. Vet Sci 2023; 10:519. [PMID: 37624306 PMCID: PMC10458264 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum (COL), the first milk secreted by lactating cows postpartum, is a rich source of bioactive compounds that exert a significant role in the survival, growth, and immune development of neonatal calves. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of COL on cytokine production in vitro using a Caco-2/THP-1 macrophage co-culture model stimulated with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). COL pretreatment significantly reduced IL-6 (241.3 pg/mL) production induced by PMA (p < 0.05), while increasing IL-10 production (45.3 pg/mL), in comparison to PMA control (441.1 and 12.5 pg/mL, respectively). Further investigations revealed that the IL-6 suppressive effect of colostrum was heat-sensitive and associated with components of higher molecular mass (100 kDa). Moreover, colostrum primarily influenced THP-1 macrophages rather than Caco-2 epithelial cells. The effects of colostrum on IL-6 production were associated with reduced NF-κB activation in THP-1 macrophages. In calf-FMT transplanted C57BL/6 murine model, colostrum decreased intestinal permeability, reduced immune cell infiltration and intestinal score, and suppressed IL-6 (142.0 pg/mL) production during S. typhimurium infection, in comparison to control animals (215.2 pg/mL). These results suggest the immunomodulatory activity of bovine colostrum and its potential applications in inflammatory disorders. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and validate the findings in bovine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramunė Grigalevičiūtė
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (A.K.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Paulius Matusevičius
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rita Plančiūnienė
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Str. 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Rolandas Stankevičius
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Eivina Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė
- Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariskiu Str. 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.R.-V.); (A.Ž.); (A.Z.)
| | - Austėja Balevičiūtė
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Augustinas Želvys
- Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariskiu Str. 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.R.-V.); (A.Ž.); (A.Z.)
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology, Santariskiu Str. 5, LT-08410 Vilnius, Lithuania; (E.R.-V.); (A.Ž.); (A.Z.)
| | - Vilma Zigmantaitė
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (A.K.)
| | - Audrius Kučinskas
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (A.K.)
| | - Povilas Kavaliauskas
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.Z.); (A.K.)
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birstono Str. 38A, LT-59116 Prienai, Lithuania
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26
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Costa A, Sneddon NW, Goi A, Visentin G, Mammi LME, Savarino EV, Zingone F, Formigoni A, Penasa M, De Marchi M. Invited review: Bovine colostrum, a promising ingredient for humans and animals-Properties, processing technologies, and uses. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5197-5217. [PMID: 37268582 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian colostrum, known as "liquid gold," is considered a valuable source of essential nutrients, growth factors, probiotics, prebiotics, antibodies, and other bioactive compounds. Precisely for this reason, bovine colostrum (BC) is an emerging ingredient for the feed, food, and pharmaceutical industries, being nowadays commercially available in a variety of forms in several countries. Moreover, quite a large number of functional foods and supplements for athletes, human medicines, pet nutrition plans, and complementary feed for some livestock categories, such as piglets and calves, contain BC. The amount of BC yielded by a cow after calving represents approximately 0.5% of the yearly output in dairy breeds. For its nutritional properties and low availability, BC is characterized by a greater market value and an increasing demand compared with other by-products of the dairy sector. However, information regarding the market size of BC for the food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as future developments and perspectives, is scarcely available in the scientific literature. This lack can be attributed to industrial secrecy as well as to the relatively small scale of the BC business when compared with other dairy products, which makes the BC market limited, specific, and intended for a restricted audience. From a legal perspective, regulations assign BC to the large family of milk-derived powders; thus, collecting specific production data, as well as import-export trend information, is not straightforward and can result in unprecise estimates. Given that the interest in BC is increasing in different fields, it is important to have an overview of the production steps and of pros and cons of this emerging ingredient. The present narrative review discloses why BC has started to be considered a product rather than a by-product of the dairy industry. Moreover, the present document aims to summarize the existing methodologies used to assess BC quality in terms of immunoglobulin concentration, the different applications of BC in the industry, and the BC processing technologies. Finally, a panoramic view of the current international market is provided for the first time for this dairy product.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - N W Sneddon
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - A Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Visentin
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - L M E Mammi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - E V Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova (PD), Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - F Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova (PD), Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - A Formigoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 43, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - M Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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27
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Miranda C, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Bovine Colostrum: Human and Animal Health Benefits or Route Transmission of Antibiotic Resistance-One Health Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1156. [PMID: 37508251 PMCID: PMC10376235 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
After calving, bovine colostrum is obtained from the mammary gland of the dam in the first days and fed to newborn ruminant to prevent microbial infections. Each bovine colostrum has a unique biochemical composition with high nutraceutical value compared to milk. However, bovine colostrum is influenced by various factors, such as environmental, individual, and genetic factors, as well as processing methods. Proper colostrum management is crucial for obtaining high-quality colostrum and mitigating bacterial contamination. This is important not only for the health and survival of calves but also for the health of humans who consume colostrum and its co-products. It is essential to ensure that the consumed colostrum is free of pathogens to reap its benefits. Health-promoting products based on colostrum have gained significant interest. However, colostrum can contain pathogens that, if not eliminated, can contribute to their transmission and spread, as well as antibiotic resistance. The aim of this review was to promote the animal and human health benefits of bovine colostrum by improving its microbial quality and highlighting potential routes of dissemination of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Implementing hygienic measures is one of the key factors in mitigating colostrum bacterial contamination and obtaining safe and high-quality colostrum. This helps reduce the exposure of pathogens to newborn calves, other animals, and humans, in a One Health analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Miranda
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (IUCS-CESPU), University Institute of Health Sciences, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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28
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Differentially expressed whey proteins of donkey and bovine colostrum revealed with a label-free proteomics approach. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Zheng H, Zhao S, Lu Y, Zhang N, Soladoye OP, Zhang Y, Fu Y. Toward the high-efficient utilization of poultry blood: Insights into functionality, bioactivity and functional components. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:10069-10088. [PMID: 37366175 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2220396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of poultry blood is annually generated, and currently underutilized or largely disposed of as waste, resulting in environmental pollution and waste of protein resources. As one of the main by-products during the poultry slaughter process, the produced poultry blood can serve as a promising food ingredient due to its excellent functional properties and abundant source of essential amino acids, bioactive peptides and functional components. This work provides a comprehensive summary of recent research progress in the composition, functional and bioactive properties, as well as the functional components of poultry blood. Furthermore, the main preparation methods of poultry blood-derived peptides and their bioactivities were reviewed. In addition, their potential applications in the food industry were discussed. Overall, poultry blood is characterized by excellent functionalities, including solubility, gelation, foaming, and emulsifying properties. The major preparation methods for poultry blood-derived peptides include enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic methods, macroporous adsorbent resins, and subcritical water hydrolysis. Poultry blood-derived peptides exhibit diverse bioactivities. Their metallic off-flavors and bitterness can be improved by exopeptidase treatment, Maillard reaction, and plastein reaction. In addition, poultry blood is also abundant in functional components such as hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin, and thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shulei Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Olugbenga P Soladoye
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Government of Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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30
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Jacobson GM, Kraakman K, Wallace O, Pan J, Hennebry A, Smolenski G, Cursons R, Hodgkinson S, Williamson A, Kelton W. Immunogenic fusion proteins induce neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum and milk of sheep. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 38:e00791. [PMID: 36915646 PMCID: PMC9995299 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific polyclonal immunoglobulins derived from the serum, colostrum, or milk of immunized ruminant animals have potential as scalable therapeutics for the control of viral diseases including COVID-19. Here we show that the immunization of sheep with fusions of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) to ovine IgG2a Fc domains promotes significantly higher levels of antigen-specific antibodies compared to native RBD or full-length spike antigens. This antibody population contained elevated levels of neutralizing antibodies that suppressed binding between the RBD and hACE2 receptors in vitro. A second immune-stimulating fusion candidate, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), induced high neutralizing responses in select animals but narrowly missed achieving significance. We further demonstrated that the antibodies induced by these fusion antigens were transferred into colostrum/milk and possessed cross-neutralizing activity against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our findings highlight a new pathway for recombinant antigen design in ruminant animals with applications in immune milk production and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Jacobson
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Kirsty Kraakman
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.,Ruakura Technologies Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Olivia Wallace
- Ruakura Technologies Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Jolyn Pan
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Alex Hennebry
- Ruakura Technologies Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Grant Smolenski
- Ruakura Technologies Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Ray Cursons
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Steve Hodgkinson
- Ruakura Technologies Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Adele Williamson
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - William Kelton
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.,Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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31
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Ostertag F, Hinrichs J. Enrichment of Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin G from Acid Whey by Cross-Flow Filtration. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112163. [PMID: 37297408 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of cream cheese, curd, high-protein yogurt, or caseinate results in large amounts of acid whey as a by-product. So far acid whey is often disposed as animal feed or organic fertilizer. However, these approaches ignore the valorization potential that arises from the unique composition of the whey protein fraction. Whey contains the biofunctional proteins lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G, which possess immune-supporting, antibacterial, antiviral, and numerous further health-promoting functions. However, the concentration of these proteins in bovine milk or whey is below a physiologically relevant level. Based on literature research we specified a daily intake of 200 mg lactoferrin as the minimal functional dose. By means of cross-flow ultrafiltration, an attempt was made to increase the concentration of biofunctional proteins. Therefore, a membrane for the selective retention of lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G was identified, and the process parameters were optimized. Finally, a concentration experiment was conducted, whereby the concentration of biofunctional proteins was increased up to factor 30. The biofunctionality was assessed in a microbiological assay. Surprisingly, the antimicrobial growth inhibition of the produced concentrate was even higher than in pure lactoferrin. The presented approach offers a strategy to convert an abundant but underutilized by-product into valuable products for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ostertag
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garben Str. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Hinrichs
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garben Str. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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32
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Tortadès M, Garcia-Fruitós E, Arís A, Terré M. Short communication: The biological value of transition milk: analyses of immunoglobulin G, IGF-I and lactoferrin in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows. Animal 2023; 17:100861. [PMID: 37329844 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colostrum (the first mammary gland secretion after calving) is known to contain high concentrations of nutrients as well as bioactive substances (including immunoglobulins, growth factors, and antimicrobial factors) to ensure neonatal survival. Due to its immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, bovine colostrum has been used not only in calves but also in the prevention and treatment of human gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. Transition milk is the mammary secretion from the second milking to the sixth, which may contain these bioactive compounds to a lesser extent. The objective of the present study was to measure IGF-I, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and lactoferrin (LTF) concentrations in colostrum and transition milk of primiparous and multiparous cows to further assess its potential use in veterinary and nutraceutical applications. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of these three bioactive molecules decrease from the first milking to the tenth. Concentrations of IGF-I and LTF were greater in multiparous than in primiparous cows. Also, lactation number interacted with milking number in IGF-I, since primiparous cows had a smoother decline of IGF-I concentrations than multiparous ones. Overall, transition milk from the second milking showed a 46% decrease in the analysed colostrum bioactive molecules. Therefore, further studies are needed to apply this knowledge in neonate farm management practices or in developing pharmaceutical supplements from farm surpluses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tortadès
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Garcia-Fruitós
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Terré
- Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Xiong L, Pei J, Bao P, Wang X, Guo S, Cao M, Kang Y, Yan P, Guo X. The Study of Yak Colostrum Nutritional Content Based on Foodomics. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081707. [PMID: 37107501 PMCID: PMC10137867 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of yak milk is still in a primary stage, and the nutrition composition of yak colostrum is not systematically characterized at present. In this study, the lipids, fatty acids, amino acids and their derivatives, metabolites in yak colostrum, and mature milk were detected by the non-targeted lipidomics based on (ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer) UHPLC-MS, the targeted metabolome based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), the targeted metabolome analysis based on UHPLC-MS, and the non-targeted metabolome based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-TOF-MS), respectively. Meanwhile, the nutrition composition of yak colostrum was compared with the data of cow mature milk in the literatures. The results showed that the nutritive value of yak colostrum was higher by contrast with yak and cow mature milk from the perspective of the fatty acid composition and the content of Σpolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), Σn-3PUFAs; the content of essential amino acid (EAA) and the ratio of EAA/total amino acid (TAA) in yak colostrum were higher than the value in yak mature milk; and the content of functional active lipids including phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC), lyso-phosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lyso-phosphatidylinositol (LPI), sphingomyelin (SM), ganglioside M3 (GM3), ganglioside T3 (GT3), and hexaglycosylceramide (Hex1Cer) in yak colostrum, was higher than the value of yak mature milk. Moreover, the differences of nutritive value between yak colostrum and mature milk were generated by the fat, amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism that were regulated by the ovarian hormone and referencesrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in yaks. These research results can provide a theoretical basis for the commercial product development of yak colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiong
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shaoke Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Mengli Cao
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yandong Kang
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Animal Science Department, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China
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34
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Linehan K, Ross RP, Stanton C. Bovine Colostrum for Veterinary and Human Health Applications: A Critical Review. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:387-410. [PMID: 36972163 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-060721-014650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Bovine colostrum harbors a diverse array of bioactive components suitable for the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals with veterinary and human health applications. Bovine colostrum has a strong safety profile with applications across all age groups for health promotion and the amelioration of a variety of disease states. Increased worldwide milk production and novel processing technologies have resulted in substantial growth of the market for colostrum-based products. This review provides a synopsis of the bioactive components in bovine colostrum, the processing techniques used to produce high-value colostrum-based products, and recent studies utilizing bovine colostrum for veterinary and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Linehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, County Cork, Ireland
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35
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Gazi I, Reiding KR, Groeneveld A, Bastiaans J, Huppertz T, Heck AJR. Key changes in bovine milk immunoglobulin G during lactation: NeuAc sialylation is a hallmark of colostrum immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation. Glycobiology 2023; 33:115-125. [PMID: 36611013 PMCID: PMC9990989 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We monitored longitudinal changes in bovine milk IgG in samples from four cows at 9 time points in between 0.5 and 28 days following calving. We used peptide-centric LC-MS/MS on proteolytic digests of whole bovine milk, resulting in the combined identification of 212 individual bovine milk protein sequences, with IgG making up >50 percent of the protein content of every 0.5 d colostrum sample, which reduced to ≤3 percent in mature milk. In parallel, we analyzed IgG captured from the bovine milk samples to characterize its N-glycosylation, using dedicated methods for bottom-up glycoproteomics employing product ion-triggered hybrid fragmentation; data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD037755. The bovine milk IgG N-glycosylation profile was revealed to be very heterogeneous, consisting of >40 glycoforms. Furthermore, these N-glycosylation profiles changed substantially over the period of lactation, but consistently across the four individual cows. We identified NeuAc sialylation as the key abundant characteristic of bovine colostrum IgG, significantly decreasing in the first days of lactation, and barely detectable in mature bovine milk IgG. We also report, for the first time to our knowledge, the identification of subtype IgG3 in bovine milk, alongside the better-documented IgG1 and IgG2. The detailed molecular characteristics we describe of the bovine milk IgG, and their dynamic changes during lactation, are important not only for the fundamental understanding of the calf's immune development, but also for understanding bovine milk and its bioactive components in the context of human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Gazi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, CH The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, CH The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, CH The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, CH The Netherlands
| | - André Groeneveld
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, LE, 3818 Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Bastiaans
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, LE, 3818 Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Thom Huppertz
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, LE, 3818 Amersfoort, The Netherlands.,Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 Wageningen, WG, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, CH The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, CH The Netherlands
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36
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Van den Abbeele P, Detzel C, Rose A, Deyaert S, Baudot A, Warner C. Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin Stimulates SCFA Production by Specific Microbes in the Ex Vivo SIFR ® Technology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:659. [PMID: 36985232 PMCID: PMC10053870 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulins (SBI) exert health benefits mediated by their ability to bind microbial components, thereby preventing translocation and subsequent inflammation. While in vivo studies have shown that a fraction of SBI also reaches the colon, little is known about the impact of SBI on the dense colonic microbiota that has great potential to impact human health. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of three bovine plasma protein fractions (SBI, bovine plasma (BP) and albumin-enriched bovine plasma (ABP)) on the gut microbiota of six human adults using the novel ex vivo SIFR® technology, recently demonstrated to generate predictive findings for clinical studies. When dosed at an equivalent of 5 g/day, all protein fractions significantly increased health-related metabolites-acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Upon simulating small intestinal absorption, SBI still markedly increased acetate and propionate, demonstrating that SBI is more resistant to small intestinal digestion and absorption compared to the other protein sources. Despite noticeable interindividual differences in microbiota composition among human adults, SBI consistently stimulated a narrow spectrum of gut microbes, which largely differed from the ones that are typically involved in carbohydrate fermentation. The SBI-fermenting consortium included B. vulgatus and L. edouardi (correlating with acetate and propionate) along with Dorea longicatena, Coprococcus comes and the butyrate-producing bacterium SS3/4 (correlating with butyrate). Overall, this study revealed that protein bovine fractions can contribute to health benefits by specifically modulating the human gut microbiota. While health benefits could follow from the production of SCFA, a broader range of protein-derived metabolites could also be produced. This study also confirms that the concept of prebiotics (substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit) could go beyond the use of ingestible carbohydrates and extend to partially indigestible proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexis Rose
- Proliant Health & Biologicals, LLC., Des Moines, IA 50021, USA
| | - Stef Deyaert
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Baudot
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Sun B, Sun Y, Han X, Ma Q, Meng Q. Leucine supplementation alleviates immune and antioxidant function damage in adult rats induced by early weaning. J Nutr 2023; 153:1607-1617. [PMID: 37004874 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early weaning (EW) can lead to stress and destroy intestinal integrity. Leucine has functional diversity in antioxidant, immune, and metabolic regulation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore a lifelong impact of early weaning on intestinal, immune and antioxidant functions of adult rats and the role of leucine supplementation in the alleviation of the damage caused by early weaning. METHODS In this 211-day study, 36 SD rat pups were divided into three groups: 21-day weaning normal group (C), 17-day early weaning group (E) and 17-day early weaning group with two-month leucine supplementation (EL). The content of amino acids in serum, immune and antioxidant indexes, intestinal morphology, liver transcriptomics, mRNA, and protein expression of signaling pathway were determined. RESULTS EW reduced the protein expression level of sIgA and GSH in jejunum, and increased the protein expression levels of IgA, IgM, and IL-17 in serum, and TNFα and IL-1β in jejunum. The impairment by EW was activated via NF-κB signal pathway. In terms of antioxidation, EW reduced the level of GSH in jejunum. After leucine supplementation, the damage induced by EW was partially repaired. CONCLUSIONS EW causes long-term damage to the intestinal barrier function, immunity, apoptosis factor, and antioxidant function of rats and leucine supplementation could alleviate the impairment, suggesting possible approach to EW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yuchen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xuesong Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Qingquan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Stastna M, Šlais K. Preparative separation of immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum by continuous divergent-flow electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200679. [PMID: 36271766 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins in bovine colostrum were separated and fractionated from other proteins using the method and instrumentation developed in our laboratory. The proposed separation was based on bidirectional isotachophoresis/moving boundary electrophoresis with electrofocusing of the analytes in a pH gradient from 3.9 to 10.1. The preparative instrumentation included the trapezoidal non-woven fabric that served as separation space with divergent continuous flow. The defatted and casein precipitate-free colostrum supernatant was loaded directly into the instrument without any additional colostrum pre-preparation. Immunoglobulin G was fractionated from other immune proteins such as bovine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin, and α-lactalbumin, and was continuously collected in separated fractions over 3 h. The fractions were further processed, and isolated immunoglobulin G in the liquid fractions was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by re-focusing in gel isoelectric focusing. Separated immunoglobulin G was detected in seven fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a gradually decreased concentration in the fractions. Re-focusing of the proteins in the fractions by gel isoelectric focusing revealed multiple separated zones of immunoglobulin G with the isoelectric point values covering the range from 5.4 to 7.2. Each fraction contained distinct zones with gradually increased isoelectric point values and decreased concentrations from fraction to fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Stastna
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šlais
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Spray-dried porcine plasma enhances feed efficiency, intestinal integrity, and immune response of broilers challenged with necrotic enteritis. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102431. [PMID: 36610106 PMCID: PMC9829710 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-emergence of enteric diseases in the postantibiotic era has imposed severe loss to the poultry industry leading to the urgent need for appropriate additives to maintain gut health. Recently, more attention has been paid to animal plasma due to its high concentrations of active components such as albumins and globulins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) supplementation during the starter phase (d 0-10) on growth performance, intestine health, and immune response of broilers under necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge. A total of 720 day-old male broiler parental line chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to a 2 (NE challenge: no, yes) × 2 (SDP: 0, 2%) factorial arrangement with 12 replications of 15 chicks each. To induce NE, birds were inoculated with live Eimeria vaccine on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14. The body weight of birds and feed consumption were measured per pen on d 8, 10, 24, and 29 to calculate performance parameters. On d 16, three birds per pen were sampled to analyse the intestinal lesion score, gut permeability, villi morphology, relative weight of organs, and immune response. Results showed that SDP improved (P < 0.001) FCR in the pre-challenge phase (d 0-8). The results indicated that supplementing SDP lowered (P < 0.01) FCR at the end of the experiment (d 29). Dietary SDP decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of FITC-d in serum samples of challenged broilers, although it did not affect the intestinal morphology and lesion score. Birds fed with SDP had a higher (P < 0.05) relative weight of bursa (g/kg live body weight) compared to non-supplemented birds. Supplementing SDP reduced the concentration of interleukin-6 (P < 0.05) and α-1 acid glycoprotein (P = 0.051) in serum samples of broilers. In conclusion, supplementation of SDP in the starter phase enhanced feed efficiency and gut integrity in NE challenged broilers, possibly through manipulating the immune response, while further studies targeting intestinal microflora and key genes are required to explore the mode of action.
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40
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Bovine Colostrum Treatment of Specific Cancer Types: Current Evidence and Future Opportunities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248641. [PMID: 36557775 PMCID: PMC9785718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the incidence of cancer is on the rise. Current cancer treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation treatment are typically associated with severe adverse effects and a decline in patients' quality of life. Anti-cancer substances derived from plants and animals need to be evaluated therapeutically as it is cost-effective, have fewer side effects, and can improve cancer patients' quality of life. Recently, bovine colostrum (BC) has attracted the interest of numerous researchers investigating its anti-cancer potential in humans. Dressings loaded with BC are beneficial in treating chronic wounds and diabetic foot ulcers. Lactoferrin, a glycoprotein with potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial effects, is abundant in BC. The BC pills successfully promote the regression of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia when administered intravaginally. The biological, genetic, and molecular mechanisms driving BC remain to be determined. Oral BC supplements are generally well-tolerated, but some flatulence and nausea may happen. To evaluate the therapeutic effects, long-term safety, and appropriate dosages of BC drugs, well-designed clinical trials are necessary. The purpose of this article is to emphasize the anti-cancer potential of BC and its constituents.
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Bovine colostrum supplementation in prevention of upper respiratory tract infections – Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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42
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Porbahaie M, Savelkoul HFJ, de Haan CAM, Teodorowicz M, van Neerven RJJ. Direct Binding of Bovine IgG-Containing Immune Complexes to Human Monocytes and Their Putative Role in Innate Immune Training. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214452. [PMID: 36364714 PMCID: PMC9654672 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk IgG (bIgG) was shown to bind to and neutralize the human respiratory synovial virus (RSV). In animal models, adding bIgG prevented experimental RSV infection and increased the number of activated T cells. This enhanced activation of RSV-specific T cells may be explained by receptor-mediated uptake and antigen presentation after binding of bIgG-RSV immune complexes (ICs) with FcγRs (primarily CD32) on human immune cells. This indirect effect of bIgG ICs on activation of RSV-specific T cells was confirmed previously in human T cell cultures. However, the direct binding of ICs to antigen-presenting cells has not been addressed. As bovine IgG can induce innate immune training, we hypothesized that this effect could be caused more efficiently by ICs. Therefore, we characterized the expression of CD16, CD32, and CD64 on (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), determined the optimal conditions to form ICs of bIgG with the RSV preF protein, and demonstrated the direct binding of these ICs to human CD14+ monocytes. Similarly, bIgG complexed with a murine anti-bIgG mAb also bound efficiently to the monocytes. To evaluate whether the ICs could induce innate immune training more efficiently than bIgG itself, the resulted ICs, as well as bIgG, were used in an in vitro innate immune training model. Training with the ICs containing bIgG and RSV preF protein-but not the bIgG alone-induced significantly higher TNF-α production upon LPS and R848 stimulation. However, the preF protein itself nonsignificantly increased cytokine production as well. This may be explained by its tropism to the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGFR1), as IGF has been reported to induce innate immune training. Even so, these data suggest a role for IgG-containing ICs in inducing innate immune training after re-exposure to pathogens. However, as ICs of bIgG with a mouse anti-bIgG mAb did not induce this effect, further research is needed to confirm the putative role of bIgG ICs in enhancing innate immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Porbahaie
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A. M. de Haan
- Virology Division, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malgorzata Teodorowicz
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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43
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Carter H, Steele M, Costa J, Renaud D. Evaluating the effectiveness of colostrum as a therapy for diarrhea in preweaned calves. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9982-9994. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nutritional Parameters in Colostrum of Different Mammalian Species. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colostrum (or first milk) is the food produced by all the mothers in all specific mammalian species, ruminants, monogastric and marine mammalians for their newborns during the first 24–48 h post-partum. Colostrum provides to the neonate all essential nutrients necessary for the first week of life, but the effect of colostrum shows a long-term effect not limited to these first days. Colostrum is considered to be a safe and essential food for human consumption. Some young children can show at the beginning of their colostrum-based diet some side effects, such as nausea and flatulence, but they disappear quickly. In human colostrum, the immunoglobulins and lactoferrin determined show the ability to create natural immunity in newborns, reducing greatly the mortality rate in children. Recent studies suggest that bovine colostrum (BC) may be an interesting nutraceutical food, due to its ability in preventing and/or mitigating several diseases in newborns and adults. This review aims to show the nutraceutical and functional properties of colostrum produced by several mammalian species, describing the different colostrum bio-active molecules and reporting the clinical trials aimed to determine colostrum nutraceutical and therapeutic characteristics in human nutrition.
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45
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Colostrum ingredients, its nutritional and health benefits - an overview. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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46
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Macrophage-activating factor of bovine colostrum promotes phagocytic activity of murine macrophages and bovine phagocytes. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 153:103660. [PMID: 35843133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Periparturient dairy cows and their newborn calves are highly prone to health complications. Enhancing the innate immune system of these animals is essential to mitigate the transition period stress and promote their health. Macrophage activating factor (MAF) possess immunomodulatory properties and is believed to enhance immune response. In the present study, the impact of different concentrations (10, 50, 100 ng) of MAF on the phagocytic activity (PA) of murine and bovine phagocytoses was explored. MAF synthesized from IgA of cow colostrum was studied for its effect on the phagocytic index (PI) of cow colostrum macrophages (Mφ) and blood neutrophils (sick and healthy calves) under in vitro conditions. Besides, the impact of MAF on the PI of peritoneal Mφ of healthy and immunocompromised mice was studied. PI of healthy Mφ (mice peritoneal and cow colostrum) and healthy neutrophils (blood calf) increased significantly (P < 0.05) after MAF supplementation. MAF also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the PI of neutrophils and Mφ obtained from sick calf and immunocompromised mice, respectively. Results indicate that colostrum MAF can be used as a potential immune modulator to promote immunity and fight infections in dairy animals.
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47
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Insights into whey protein-based carriers for targeted delivery and controlled release of bioactive components. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Nili H, Bouzari M, Attaran HR, Ghalegolab N, Rabani M, Mahmoudian A. Hyper-Immune Bovine Milk as an Immunological and Nutritional Supplement for COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:868964. [PMID: 35799590 PMCID: PMC9254720 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many different strategies have been used to fight against the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as a therapeutics or prophylaxis approaches. However, not enough attention has been paid to general and specific immune factors and nutritional components found in hyper-immunized dairy products. Hyper-immune bovine colostrum (HBC) has been used against many different respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts infections during past decades. An isolated dairy farm was established, and nine mixed Holstein X Simmental dairy cattle in their 6-7 months of gestation period were chosen for hyper-immunization with inactivated Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). For this, six cows were inoculated with 2 ml of 109.4/ml (TCID50) of the virus. As a control group, three cows were inoculated with the carrier without virus. Specific IgG level against the SARS-CoV-2 was measured before and after immunization in the sera, and in the colostrum and milk following parturition in hyper-immunized cows using indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Neutralizing antibodies in the serum and colostrum was measured by a quantitative ELISA. The safety of the product was determined in40 healthy volunteers aged between 18-65 years old (13 females and 27 males) in the phase 1 clinical trial (https://www.irct.ir/trial/51259). No adverse effects were observed in the experimental cows. A very high level of IgG was observed in the first colostrum that sharply decreased in the following 7 days in the milk. The titer of specific neutralizing antibody in the colostrum samples was 69 times higher than the sera. No adverse effects and clinical complications were reported by the authorized ethics committee, and an official certificate on the safety of the product was issued. Beside other strategies, this approach could be used for large-scale and low-cost production of immune components to be used as a nutritional supplement to confront current SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemics. Clinical Trial Registration [https://www.irct.ir/trial/51259].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nili
- Virology Research Center, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Zeitoon Isfahan Vaccine Innovators Company, Isfahan Sciences and Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Bouzari
- Virology Research Center, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Zeitoon Isfahan Vaccine Innovators Company, Isfahan Sciences and Technology Town, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Attaran
- Virology Research Center, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nader Ghalegolab
- Razi Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mahmoudian
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Garib V, Katsamaki S, Turdikulova S, Levitskaya Y, Zahidova N, Bus G, Karamova K, Rakhmedova M, Magbulova N, Bruhov A, Garib FY, Abdurakhmonov IY. Milk of Cow and Goat, Immunized by Recombinant Protein Vaccine ZF-UZ-VAC2001(Zifivax), Contains Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 and Remains Active After Standard Milk Pasteurization. Front Nutr 2022; 9:901871. [PMID: 35789966 PMCID: PMC9249723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.901871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the first experimental validation of the possibility for obtaining immune milk with neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from vaccinated cows and goat using approved recombinant protein human coronavirus vaccine, ZF-UZ-VAC2001, in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the period of 2 weeks after first vaccination, we detected the neutralizing antibodies against coronavirus in the blood serum of vaccinated animals. The neutralizing activity, in its peak on the 21st day after receiving the third dose (77th day from first dose), was effective in neutralization test using a live SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells, even after 120-fold serum titration. In cows receiving three dose of human vaccine, the MAGLUMI® SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay revealed that colostrum of the first day after calving had a greater activity to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 compared to colostrum of subsequent three days (4.080 μg/ml vs 2.106, 1.960 and 1.126 μg/ml). In comparison, the neutralizing activity for goat and cow milk was 1.486 μg/ml and 0.222 μg/ml, respectively. We observed a positive correlation of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibodies between the serum of actively immunized cow and milk-feeding calf during the entire course of vaccination (r = 0.95, p = 0.05). We showed an optimal regime for immune milk pasteurization at 62.5°C for 30 min, which retained specific neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2, potentially useful for passive immunization against coronavirus infection threats as an additive approach to the vaccination. This strategy, as a supportive approach to the vaccination, could also be applicable for directly reducing the effect of COVID-19 infection in gastrointestinal tract, supporting mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Garib
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- International Centre of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Stefani Katsamaki
- Centre of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Shahlo Turdikulova
- Centre of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Yuliya Levitskaya
- International Centre of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Centre of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Nodira Zahidova
- Scientific and Diagnostical Centre of Laboratory Technology “Defactum Laboratories”, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Galina Bus
- Scientific and Diagnostical Centre of Laboratory Technology “Defactum Laboratories”, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Kristina Karamova
- International Centre of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Manona Rakhmedova
- International Centre of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Nigora Magbulova
- International Centre of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Alexander Bruhov
- International Centre of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Firuz Y. Garib
- International Centre of Molecular Allergology, Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
- Centre of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- *Correspondence: Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov,
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50
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Wells JM, Gao Y, de Groot N, Vonk MM, Ulfman L, van Neerven RJJ. Babies, Bugs, and Barriers: Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:165-200. [PMID: 35697048 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122221-103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is essential in early life to prevent infection, inflammation, and food allergies. It consists of microbiota, a mucus layer, an epithelial layer, and the immune system. Microbial metabolites, the mucus, antimicrobial peptides, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) protect the intestinal mucosa against infection. The complex interplay between these functionalities of the intestinal barrier is crucial in early life by supporting homeostasis, development of the intestinal immune system, and long-term gut health. Exclusive breastfeeding is highly recommended during the first 6 months. When breastfeeding is not possible, milk-based infant formulas are the only safe alternative. Breast milk contains many bioactive components that help to establish the intestinal microbiota and influence the development of the intestinal epithelium and the immune system. Importantly, breastfeeding lowers the risk for intestinal and respiratory tract infections. Here we review all aspects of intestinal barrier function and the nutritional components that impact its functionality in early life, such as micronutrients, bioactive milk proteins, milk lipids, and human milk oligosaccharides. These components are present in breast milk and can be added to milk-based infant formulas to support gut health and immunity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 42 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M Wells
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yifan Gao
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - R J Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
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