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Wang L, Meng FJ, Jin YH, Wu LQ, Tang RY, Xu KH, Guo Y, Mao JJ, Ding JP, Li J. Effects of probiotic supplementation on 12 min run performance, mood management, body composition and gut microbiota in amateur marathon runners: A double-blind controlled trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:297-304. [PMID: 38706951 PMCID: PMC11066675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic supplementation has a positive effect on endurance exercise performance and body composition in athletes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Gut microbiota can provide measurable markers of immune function in athletes, and microbial composition analysis may be sensitive enough to detect stress and metabolic disorders caused by exercise. Methods Nineteen healthy active amateur marathon runners (15 male and 4 female) with a mean age of 29.11 years volunteered to participate in this double-blind controlled study. Based on the performance of the Cooper 12-min running test (CRT), the participants were allocated into two groups to receive either a probiotic formulation comprising lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium longum (n = 10) or placebo containing maltodextrin (n = 9) for five weeks. Consistency of diet and exercise was ensured throughout the experimental period. Before and after the intervention, all participants were assessed for CRT, emotional stability and gastrointestinal symptoms, gut microbiota composition, body composition and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicators of skeletal muscle microcirculation. Results Compared to before the intervention, the probiotics group showed an increase in CRT score (2.88 ± 0.57 vs 3.01 ± 0.60 km, P<0.05), significant improvement in GSRS and GIQLI (9.20 ± 4.64 vs 7.40 ± 3.24, 118.90 ± 12.30 vs 127.50 ± 9.85, P<0.05), while these indicators remained unchanged in the control group, with a significant time-group interaction effect on gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, some MRI metabolic cycling indicators of the thigh skeletal muscle also changed in the probiotics group (P<0.05). Regarding microbiota abundance, the probiotics group exhibited a significant increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria and a significant decrease in the abundance of harmful bacteria post-intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion As a sports nutritional supplement, probiotics have the potential to improve athletic performance by optimizing the balance of gut microbiota, alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, China
| | - Fan-Jing Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Han Jin
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuang-Hui Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Jie Mao
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Jian-Ping Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Sports Medicine for Marathon, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Sports Medicine for Marathon, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, China
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Urban S, Chmura O, Wątor J, Panek P, Zapała B. The intensive physical activity causes changes in the composition of gut and oral microbiota. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20858. [PMID: 39242653 PMCID: PMC11379964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the gut and oral microbiota composition of professional male football players and amateurs. Environmental and behavioral factors are well known to modulate intestinal microbiota composition. Active lifestyle behaviors are involved in the improvement of metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Exercise promotes adaptational changes in human metabolic capacities affecting microbial homeostasis. Twenty professional football players and twelve amateurs were invited to the study groups. Fecal and oral microbiota were analyzed using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Diversity in the oral microbiota composition was similar in amateurs and professionals, while the increase in training intensity reduced the number of bacterial species. In contrast, the analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed the greatest differentiation between professional football players and amateurs, especially during intensive training. Firmicutes were characterized by the largest population in all the studied groups. Intensive physical activity increases the abundance of butyrate and succinate-producing bacteria affecting host metabolic homeostasis, suggesting a very beneficial role for the host immune system's microbiome homeostasis and providing a proper function of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Urban
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olaf Chmura
- Student Society of Nutrigenomics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Wątor
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Panek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Zapała
- Centre for Innovative Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Erb C, Erb C, Kazakov A, Kapanova G, Weisser B. Lifestyle Changes in Aging and their Potential Impact on POAG. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024. [PMID: 39191386 DOI: 10.1055/a-2372-3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma is a primary mitochondrial disease with oxidative stress triggering neuroinflammation, eventually resulting in neurodegeneration. This affects many other areas of the brain in addition to the visual system. Aging also leads to inflammaging - a low-grade chronic inflammatory reaction in mitochondrial dysfunction, so these inflammatory processes overlap in the aging process and intensify pathophysiological processes associated with glaucoma. Actively counteracting these inflammatory events involves optimising treatment for any manifest systemic diseases while maintaining chronobiology and improving the microbiome. Physical and mental activity also provides support. This requires a holistic approach towards optimising neurodegeneration treatment in primary open angle glaucoma in addition to reducing intraocular pressure according personalised patient targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Erb
- Augenklinik am Wittenbergplatz, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Avaz Kazakov
- External Relations and Development, Salymbekov University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Gulnara Kapanova
- Medical Faculty of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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4
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Li C, Li J, Zhou Q, Wang C, Hu J, Liu C. Effects of Physical Exercise on the Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2024; 16:2657. [PMID: 39203794 PMCID: PMC11356817 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Recent studies have underscored the significant role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBS. Physical exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, has been proposed to alleviate IBS symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota. Aerobic exercise, such as running, swimming, and cycling, has been shown to enhance the diversity and abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids that possess anti-inflammatory properties and support gut barrier integrity. Studies involving IBS patients participating in structured aerobic exercise programs have reported significant improvements in their gut microbiota's composition and diversity, alongside an alleviation of symptoms like abdominal pain and bloating. Additionally, exercise positively influences mental health by reducing stress and improving mood, which can further relieve IBS symptoms via the gut-brain axis. Long-term exercise interventions provide sustained benefits, maintaining the gut microbiota's diversity and stability, supporting immune functions, and reducing systemic inflammation. However, exercise programs must be tailored to individual needs to avoid exacerbating IBS symptoms. Personalized exercise plans starting with low-to-moderate intensity and gradually increasing in intensity can maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This review examines the impact of various types and intensities of physical exercise on the gut microbiota in IBS patients, highlighting the need for further studies to explore optimal exercise protocols. Future research should include larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and examine the synergistic effects of exercise and other lifestyle modifications. Integrating physical exercise into comprehensive IBS management plans can enhance symptom control and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Li
- Russian Sports University, Moscow 105122, Russia;
| | - Jianmin Li
- School of Tai Chi Culture Handan University, Handan 056005, China;
| | - Qiaorui Zhou
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Can Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Moscow State Normal University, Moscow 127051, Russia
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Kistler W, Villiger M, Villiger B, Yazici D, Pat Y, Mitamura Y, Ardicli S, Skolnick S, Dhir R, Akdis M, Nadeau K, Ogulur I, Akdis CA. Epithelial barrier theory in the context of nutrition and environmental exposure in athletes. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39011970 DOI: 10.1111/all.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to toxic substances, introduced into our daily lives during industrialization and modernization, can disrupt the epithelial barriers in the skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, leading to microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. Athletes and physically active individuals are at increased risk of exposure to agents that damage the epithelial barriers and microbiome, and their extreme physical exercise exerts stress on many organs, resulting in tissue damage and inflammation. Epithelial barrier-damaging substances include surfactants and enzymes in cleaning products, laundry and dishwasher detergents, chlorine in swimming pools, microplastics, air pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter, and diesel exhaust. Athletes' high-calorie diet often relies on processed foods that may contain food emulsifiers and other additives that may cause epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis. The type of the material used in the sport equipment and clothing and their extensive exposure may increase the inflammatory effects. Excessive travel-related stress, sleep disturbances and different food and microbe exposure may represent additional factors. Here, we review the detrimental impact of toxic agents on epithelial barriers and microbiome; bring a new perspective on the factors affecting the health and performance of athletes and physically active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Kistler
- Medical Committee International Ice Hockey Federation, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michael Villiger
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Beat Villiger
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sena Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Skolnick
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Seed Health Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raja Dhir
- Seed Health Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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6
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Álvarez-Herms J, Odriozola A. Microbiome and physical activity. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:409-450. [PMID: 38908903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility. In addition, physical activity and microbiota composition have bidirectional effects, with regular physical activity improving microbial composition and microbial composition enhancing physical performance. The improvement of physical performance by a healthy microbiota is related to different phenotypes: i) efficient metabolic development, ii) improved regulation of intestinal permeability, iii) favourable modulation of local and systemic inflammatory and efficient immune responses, iv) efective regulation of systemic pH and, v) protection against acute stressful events such as environmental exposure to altitude or heat. The type of sport, both intensity or volume characteristics promote microbiota specialisation. Individual assessment of the state of the gut microbiota can be an effective biomarker for monitoring health in the medium to long term. The relationship between the microbiota and the rest of the body is bidirectional and symbiotic, with a full connection between the systemic functions of the nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, acid-base and immune systems. In addition, circadian rhythms, including regular physical activity, directly influence the adaptive response of the microbiota. In conclusion, regular stimuli of moderate- and high-intensity physical activity promote greater diversity, abundance, resilience and versatility of the gut microbiota. This effect is highly beneficial for human health when healthy lifestyle habits including nutrition, hydration, rest, chronoregulation and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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7
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Duan R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shi J, Xue R, Liu R, Miao Y, Zhou X, Lv Y, Shen H, Xie X, Ai X. The impact of exercise on the gut microbiota in middle-aged amateur serious runners: a comparative study. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1343219. [PMID: 38737829 PMCID: PMC11082653 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1343219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exercise, health, and the gut microbiota (GM) are strongly correlated. Research indicates that professional athletes, especially ultra-marathon runners, have unique GM characteristics. However, more research has focused on elite athletes, with little attention given to amateur sports enthusiasts, especially those in the middle-aged population. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of long-term running on the composition and potential functions of the GM in middle-aged individuals. Methods We compared the GM of 25 middle-aged serious runnerswith 22 sedentary healthy controls who had minimal exercise habitsusing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, we assessed dietary habits using a food frequency questionnaire. Results and Discussion Statistical analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in dietary patterns between the control group and serious runners. Diversity analysis results indicate that there is no significant difference in α diversity between the two groups of GM, but there is a significant difference in β diversity. Analysis of the composition of GM reveals that Ruminococcus and Coprococcus are significantly enriched in serious runners, whereas Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, and Lachnospira are enriched in the control group. Differential analysis of functional pathway prediction results reveals significant differences in the functional metabolism levels of GM between serious runners and the control group. Further correlation analysis results indicate that this difference may be closely related to variations in GM. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term exercise can lead to changes in the composition of the GM. These changes have the potential to impact the overall health of the individual by influencing metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Duan
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Yonglian Zhang
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Jinrong Shi
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Xue
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanxin Miao
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Maintainbiotech Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Hexiao Shen
- Maintainbiotech Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiongwei Xie
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Ai
- Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colorectal Diseases, Jingmen, Hubei, China
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8
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Long C, Zhou X, Xia F, Zhou B. Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Assessment, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Considerations. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:243. [PMID: 38666855 PMCID: PMC11048184 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of metabolic stress liver injury closely related to insulin resistance (IR) and genetic susceptibility without alcohol consumption, which encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple hepatic lipid accumulation, known as steatosis, to the more severe form of steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), posing significant health risks. As a multisystem disease, NAFLD is closely associated with systemic insulin resistance, central obesity, and metabolic disorders, which contribute to its pathogenesis and the development of extrahepatic complications, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and certain extrahepatic cancers. Recent evidence highlights the indispensable roles of intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota in the onset and progression of NAFLD/NASH. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota in NAFLD, including intestinal barrier function and assessment, inflammatory factors, TLR4 signaling, and the gut-liver axis. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the potential therapeutic strategies targeting gut permeability and gut microbiota in individuals with NAFLD/NASH, such as interventions with medications/probiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT), and modifications in lifestyle, including exercise and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrui Long
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sehenzhen 518107, China;
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sehenzhen 518107, China;
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Benjie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sehenzhen 518107, China;
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China
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9
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Chantler S, Wood-Martin R, Holliday A, Davison G, Crabtree DR, Readhead C, Jones B. The Frequency and Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Rugby Players. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:323-221. [PMID: 38272040 DOI: 10.1055/a-2206-4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the self-reported frequency and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) at rest and around rugby training and match play in male and female rugby union players. An online questionnaire was sent to registered rugby union players (sevens or fifteens). Thirteen GIS were assessed alongside perceptions of appetite around rugby and rest using Likert and visual analog scales. Questions investigating a range of medical and dietary factors were included. Three hundred and twenty-five players (male n=271, female n=54) participated in the study. More frequent GIS (at least one GIS experienced weekly/more often) was reported by players at rest (n=203; 62%) compared to around rugby (n=154; 47%). The overall severity of GIS was low (mild discomfort), but a portion of players (33%) did report symptoms of moderate severity around rugby. Female players reported more frequent and severe symptoms compared to male counterparts (p<0.001). Self-reported appetite was significantly lower after matches compared to training. There were no dietary or medical factors associated with GIS severity scores. This study describes GIS characteristics in male and female rugby union players. Half of the players assessed experienced some form of GIS that may affect nutrition, training, or performance, and should thus be a consideration for practitioners supporting this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chantler
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Adrian Holliday
- Physiology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Glen Davison
- Centre for Sports Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Daniel R Crabtree
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Clint Readhead
- Head of Medical services, South African Rugby Union, Newlands, South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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10
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Giuriato G, Romanelli MG, Bartolini D, Vernillo G, Pedrinolla A, Moro T, Franchi M, Locatelli E, Andani ME, Laginestra FG, Barbi C, Aloisi GF, Cavedon V, Milanese C, Orlandi E, De Simone T, Fochi S, Patuzzo C, Malerba G, Fabene P, Donadelli M, Stabile AM, Pistilli A, Rende M, Galli F, Schena F, Venturelli M. Sex differences in neuromuscular and biological determinants of isometric maximal force. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14118. [PMID: 38385696 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Force expression is characterized by an interplay of biological and molecular determinants that are expected to differentiate males and females in terms of maximal performance. These include muscle characteristics (muscle size, fiber type, contractility), neuromuscular regulation (central and peripheral factors of force expression), and individual genetic factors (miRNAs and gene/protein expression). This research aims to comprehensively assess these physiological variables and their role as determinants of maximal force difference between sexes. METHODS Experimental evaluations include neuromuscular components of isometric contraction, intrinsic muscle characteristics (proteins and fiber type), and some biomarkers associated with muscle function (circulating miRNAs and gut microbiome) in 12 young and healthy males and 12 females. RESULTS Male strength superiority appears to stem primarily from muscle size while muscle fiber-type distribution plays a crucial role in contractile properties. Moderate-to-strong pooled correlations between these muscle parameters were established with specific circulating miRNAs, as well as muscle and plasma proteins. CONCLUSION Muscle size is crucial in explaining the differences in maximal voluntary isometric force generation between males and females with similar fiber type distribution. Potential physiological mechanisms are seen from associations between maximal force, skeletal muscle contractile properties, and biological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Giuriato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vernillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Alberta - Augustana Campus, Camrose, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna Pedrinolla
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martino Franchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Locatelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mehran Emadi Andani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Giuseppe Laginestra
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Utah, USA
| | - Chiara Barbi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Fiorini Aloisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Cavedon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Orlandi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tonia De Simone
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Fochi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Patuzzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Fabene
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pistilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Utah, USA
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11
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Salvadori M, Rosso G. Update on the gut microbiome in health and diseases. World J Methodol 2024; 14:89196. [PMID: 38577200 PMCID: PMC10989414 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i1.89196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Human Microbiome Project, Earth Microbiome Project, and next-generation sequencing have advanced novel genome association, host genetic linkages, and pathogen identification. The microbiome is the sum of the microbes, their genetic information, and their ecological niche. This study will describe how millions of bacteria in the gut affect the human body in health and disease. The gut microbiome changes in relation with age, with an increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Host and environmental factors affecting the gut microbiome are diet, drugs, age, smoking, exercise, and host genetics. In addition, changes in the gut microbiome may affect the local gut immune system and systemic immune system. In this study, we discuss how the microbiome may affect the metabolism of healthy subjects or may affect the pathogenesis of metabolism-generating metabolic diseases. Due to the high number of publications on the argument, from a methodologically point of view, we decided to select the best papers published in referred journals in the last 3 years. Then we selected the previously published papers. The major goals of our study were to elucidate which microbiome and by which pathways are related to healthy and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Salvadori
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital, Florence 50139, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosso
- Division of Nephrology, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence 50143, Toscana, Italy
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12
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Johnson-Martínez JP, Diener C, Levine AE, Wilmanski T, Suskind DL, Ralevski A, Hadlock J, Magis AT, Hood L, Rappaport N, Gibbons SM. Generally-healthy individuals with aberrant bowel movement frequencies show enrichment for microbially-derived blood metabolites associated with reduced kidney function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.04.531100. [PMID: 36945445 PMCID: PMC10028848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.04.531100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Bowel movement frequency (BMF) has been linked to changes in the composition of the human gut microbiome and to many chronic conditions, like metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and other intestinal pathologies like irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Lower BMF (constipation) can lead to compromised intestinal barrier integrity and a switch from saccharolytic to proteolytic fermentation within the microbiota, giving rise to microbially-derived toxins that may make their way into circulation and cause damage to organ systems. However, the connections between BMF, gut microbial metabolism, and the early-stage development and progression of chronic disease remain underexplored. Here, we examined the phenotypic impact of BMF variation in a cohort of generally-healthy, community dwelling adults with detailed clinical, lifestyle, and multi-omic data. We showed significant differences in microbially-derived blood plasma metabolites, gut bacterial genera, clinical chemistries, and lifestyle factors across BMF groups that have been linked to inflammation, cardiometabolic health, liver function, and CKD severity and progression. We found that the higher plasma levels of 3-indoxyl sulfate (3-IS), a microbially-derived metabolite associated with constipation, was in turn negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function. Causal mediation analysis revealed that the effect of BMF on eGFR was significantly mediated by 3-IS. Finally, we identify self-reported diet, lifestyle, and psychological factors associated with BMF variation, which indicate several common-sense strategies for mitigating constipation and diarrhea. Overall, we suggest that aberrant BMF is an underappreciated risk factor in the development of chronic diseases, even in otherwise healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P. Johnson-Martínez
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Anne E. Levine
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Noa Rappaport
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sean M. Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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13
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Mishra Y, Ranjan A, Mishra V, Chattaraj A, Aljabali AAA, El-Tanani M, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Uversky VN, Tambuwala MM. The role of the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111013. [PMID: 38113978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota present in the human digestive system is incredibly varied and is home to trillions of microorganisms. The gut microbiome is shaped at birth, while numerous genetic, dietary, and environmental variables primarily influence the microbiome composition. The importance of gut microbiota on host health is becoming more widely acknowledged. Digestion, intestinal permeability, and immunological and metabolism responses can all be affected by changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. There is mounting evidence that the microbial population's complex traits are important biomarkers and indicators of patient outcomes in cancer and its therapies. Numerous studies have demonstrated that changed commensal gut microorganisms contribute to the development and spread of cancer through various routes. Despite the ongoing controversy surrounding the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal cancer, accumulating evidence points to a potentially far more intricate connection than a simple cause-and-effect relationship. SIMPLE SUMMARY: Due to their high frequency and fatality rate, gastrointestinal cancers are regarded as a severe public health issue with complex medical and economic burdens. The gut microbiota may directly or indirectly interact with existing therapies like immunotherapy and chemotherapy, affecting how well a treatment works. The gut microbiome influences the immune response's activity, function, and development. Generally, certain gut bacteria impact the antitumor actions during cancer by creating particular metabolites or triggering T-cell responses. Yet, certain bacterial species have been found to promote cellular proliferation and metastasis in cancer, and comprehending these interactions in the context of cancer may help identify possible treatment targets. Notwithstanding the improvements in the field, additional research is still required to comprehend the underlying processes, examine the effects on existing therapies, and pinpoint certain bacteria and immune cells that can cause this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Abhigyan Ranjan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Chattaraj
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Alkhama Medical and Health Sciences University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, England, United Kingdom.
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14
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Kali VR, Meda SS. Functional nutrition for the health of exercising individuals and elite sportspersons. Nutr Health 2024; 30:49-59. [PMID: 37583297 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231191865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elite sportspersons who are involved in high-intensity physical sports indulge in severe training and competition schedules, which exposes them to high levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress, hence it may hamper their health sometimes. Disturbance in the health of sportspersons also induces compromised performances. THE PREMISE FOR FUNCTIONAL NUTRITION Functional nutrition is essential for elite sportspersons training for securing both rest and recovery to have proper health and anticipated performance. Apart from serving the energy needs of the sportspersons, the nutrition strategies should provide them with certain metabolic advantages, which provide greater health and immunity, to ensure proper training and competition. The diet of the sportspersons needs to contain appropriate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative nutrients, to ensure to reduction and control of the physiological stress of tissues during high-intensity physical sports, especially during marathon running. Preserving anabolic valence among sportspersons for muscle myokine optimization is an essential aspect of sports nutrition, which secures health and provides excellent performance potential. Preservation and optimization of gut microbiome among sportspersons enhance immune health and performance, through proper gut integrity and enhanced metabolic cascades. As the genes are to be properly expressed for excellent manifestation in protein synthesis and other metabolic signaling, achieving genetic valance through proper nutrition ensures the health of the sportspersons. CONCLUSION Functional nutrition seems a very necessary and potent factor in the training and competition aspects of elite sportspersons since nutrition not only provides recovery but also ensures proper health for elite sportspersons.
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Fernandez-Sanjurjo M, Fernandez J, Martinez-Camblor P, Rodriguez-Alonso M, Ortolano-Rios R, Pinto-Hernandez P, Castilla-Silgado J, Coto-Vilcapoma A, Ruiz L, Villar CJ, Tomas-Zapico C, Margolles A, Fernandez-Garcia B, Iglesias-Gutierrez E, Lombó F. Dynamics of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids during a Cycling Grand Tour Are Related to Exercise Performance and Modulated by Dietary Intake. Nutrients 2024; 16:661. [PMID: 38474789 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular exercise has been described to modify both the diversity and the relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa. To our knowledge, the effect of a cycling stage race, which entails extreme physiological and metabolic demands, on the gut microbiota composition and its metabolic activity has not been analysed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this cohort study was to analyse the dynamics of faecal microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content of professional cyclists over a Grand Tour and their relationship with performance and dietary intake. METHODS 16 professional cyclists competing in La Vuelta 2019 were recruited. Faecal samples were collected at four time points: the day before the first stage (A); after 9 stages (B); after 15 stages (C); and on the last stage (D). Faecal microbiota populations and SCFA content were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. A principal component analysis (PCA) followed by Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) models were carried out to explore the dynamics of microbiota and SCFAs and their relationship with performance. RESULTS Bifidobacteriaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Sutterellaceae dynamics showed a strong final performance predictive value (r = 0.83, ranking, and r = 0.81, accumulated time). Positive correlations were observed between Coriobacteriaceae with acetate (r = 0.530) and isovalerate (r = 0.664) and between Bifidobacteriaceae with isobutyrate (r = 0.682). No relationship was observed between SCFAs and performance. The abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae at the beginning of La Vuelta was directly related to the previous intake of complex-carbohydrate-rich foods (r = 0.956), while during the competition, the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was negatively affected by the intake of simple carbohydrates from supplements (r = -0.650). CONCLUSIONS An ecological perspective represents more realistically the relationship between gut microbiota composition and performance compared to single-taxon approaches. The composition and periodisation of diet and supplementation during a Grand Tour, particularly carbohydrates, could be designed to modulate gut microbiota composition to allow better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Fernandez-Sanjurjo
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Translational Interventions for Health (ITS) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernandez
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology (Microbiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds (BIONUC) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Martinez-Camblor
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile
| | | | - Raquel Ortolano-Rios
- Research Centre for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Paola Pinto-Hernandez
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Translational Interventions for Health (ITS) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Castilla-Silgado
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Basic-Clinical Research in Neurology Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Almudena Coto-Vilcapoma
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Basic-Clinical Research in Neurology Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias-Spanish Research Council (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology (Microbiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds (BIONUC) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Tomas-Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Translational Interventions for Health (ITS) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias-Spanish Research Council (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Benjamin Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology (Anatomy), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Iglesias-Gutierrez
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Translational Interventions for Health (ITS) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology (Microbiology), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds (BIONUC) Group, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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16
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Álvarez-Herms J, González-Benito A, Corbi F, Odriozola A. What if gastrointestinal complications in endurance athletes were gut injuries in response to a high consumption of ultra-processed foods? Please take care of your bugs if you want to improve endurance performance: a narrative review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:383-402. [PMID: 37839038 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
To improve performance and recovery faster, athletes are advised to eat more often than usual and consume higher doses of simple carbohydrates, during and after exercise. Sports energetic supplements contain food additives, such as artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, acidity regulators, preservatives, and salts, which could be harmful to the gut microbiota and impair the intestinal barrier function. The intestinal barrier plays a critical function in bidirectionally regulation of the selective transfer of nutrients, water, and electrolytes, while preventing at the same time, the entrance of harmful substances (selective permeability). The gut microbiota helps to the host to regulate intestinal homeostasis through metabolic, protective, and immune functions. Globally, the gut health is essential to maintain systemic homeostasis in athletes, and to ensure proper digestion, metabolization, and substrate absorption. Gastrointestinal complaints are an important cause of underperformance and dropout during endurance events. These complications are directly related to the loss of gut equilibrium, mainly linked to microbiota dysbiosis and leaky gut. In summary, athletes must be cautious with the elevated intake of ultra-processed foods and specifically those contained on sports nutrition supplements. This review points out the specific nutritional interventions that should be implemented and/or discontinued depending on individual gut functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymolab (Physiology and Molecular Laboratory), Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - A González-Benito
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - F Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - A Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Wang S, Ju D, Zeng X. Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Human Gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions in the Precision Medicine Era. Biomedicines 2024; 12:194. [PMID: 38255298 PMCID: PMC10813426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota, comprising trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a pivotal player in modulating various aspects of human health and disease. Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and pharmaceuticals, uncovering profound implications for drug metabolism, efficacy, and safety. This review depicted the landscape of molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of dynamic human gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions (MDI), with an emphasis on the impact of MDI on drug responses and individual variations. This review also discussed the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiota or harnessing its metabolic capabilities to optimize clinical treatments and advance personalized medicine, as well as the challenges and future directions in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
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18
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Ostrowska J, Samborowska E, Jaworski M, Toczyłowska K, Szostak-Węgierek D. The Potential Role of SCFAs in Modulating Cardiometabolic Risk by Interacting with Adiposity Parameters and Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:266. [PMID: 38257159 PMCID: PMC10818948 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the influence of lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, sleep) that can affect the concentration of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and SCFAs' potential role in modulating cardiometabolic disease risk by interacting with biochemical and body composition parameters. The study comprised 77 healthy, non-obese individuals aged 30-45 years who were assessed for the concentration of SCFAs in stool, diet, physical activity level, and sleep duration. Moreover, body composition measurement and patients' biochemical parameters were included in the analysis. We have indicated a significant negative correlation between several SCFAs (especially acetic acid (AA), isobutyric acid (IBA), butyric acid (BA), propionic acid (PA), isovaleric acid (IVA) and valeric acid (VA)) with BMI, VAT/SAT ratio (visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio), and percentage of fat mass in a group of females enrolled in the study as well as with waist circumference (WC) in case of both sexes included in the study. Moreover, the results of our study acknowledged the importance of a diet in shaping the SCFA profile-we noticed significant negative associations between energy and fat intake and some SCFAs in males (IBA, IVA, VA, isocaproic acid (ICA)). Further, we indicated that a high intake of fiber (insoluble and soluble) in both males and females results in an elevated concentration of the vast majority of SCFAs and the amount of SCFAs in total. This effect was particularly noticeable in the case of the soluble fraction of fiber. These correlations reflect the fact that diet shapes the composition of the gut microbiota and SCFAs (main microbial metabolites) are synthesized from dietary fiber. In addition, we noticed that in a group of women, the concentration of AA, PA, and ICA as well as the total concentration of SCFAs showed a significant positive association with their sleep duration. We concluded that SCFAs can have a potential role in modulating cardiometabolic disease risk by interacting with adiposity parameters and diet. In addition, this potential direct link between diet and SCFAs may at least partly contribute to sleep improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ostrowska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Samborowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-360 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Toczyłowska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Nolte S, Krüger K, Lenz C, Zentgraf K. Optimizing the Gut Microbiota for Individualized Performance Development in Elite Athletes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1491. [PMID: 38132317 PMCID: PMC10740793 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota can be compared to a fingerprint due to its uniqueness, hosting trillions of living organisms. Taking a sport-centric perspective, the gut microbiota might represent a physiological system that relates to health aspects as well as individualized performance in athletes. The athletes' physiology has adapted to their exceptional lifestyle over the years, including the diversity and taxonomy of the microbiota. The gut microbiota is influenced by several physiological parameters and requires a highly individual and complex approach to unravel the linkage between performance and the microbial community. This approach has been taken in this review, highlighting the functions that the microbial community performs in sports, naming gut-centered targets, and aiming for both a healthy and sustainable athlete and performance development. With this article, we try to consider whether initiating a microbiota analysis is practicable and could add value in elite sport, and what possibilities it holds when influenced through a variety of interventions. The aim is to support enabling a well-rounded and sustainable athlete and establish a new methodology in elite sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nolte
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Department 5: Psychology & Sports Sciences, Institute for Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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20
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Takahashi A, Takahata Y, Kokubun M, Anzai Y, Kogure A, Ogata T, Abe N, Sugaya T, Fujita M, Imaizumi H, Hayashi M, Abe K, Ohira H. Association between equol and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese women in their 50s and 60s. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1958-1962. [PMID: 37565591 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Equol is a metabolite of soy isoflavone and has estrogenic activity. The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases after menopause in women, which is thought to result in a decrease in estrogen. This study aimed to evaluate the association between equol and NAFLD. METHODS We evaluated 1185 women aged 50-69 years who underwent health check-ups at four health centers in Fukushima, Japan. Equol producers were defined by a urinary equol concentration of 1.0 μM or more. In addition to comparison between equol producers and non-producers, the association between equol and NAFLD was estimated using logistic regression analysis adjusting for fast walking and eating habits. RESULTS Of the 1185 participants, 345 (29.1%) women were equol producers. The proportions of women who had NAFLD (34.8% vs 45.2%) were significantly lower in the equol-producing group than in the non-producing group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that equol production was significantly associated with NAFLD (odds ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.86). CONCLUSIONS Equol production was significantly associated with NAFLD in women in their 50s and 60s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takahata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masae Kokubun
- Institution for Total Medical Checkup, Jusendo Clinic, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukio Anzai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Watari Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kogure
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Masu Memorial Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoto Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Sugaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Imaizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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21
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Morgado MC, Sousa M, Coelho AB, Costa JA, Seabra A. Exploring Gut Microbiota and the Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2459. [PMID: 37685493 PMCID: PMC10487561 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition that the gut microbiota of obese children differs from lean children has grown, and some studies suggest that physical activity positively influences the gut microbiota. This systematic review explores the changes in the gut microbiota composition of obese and non-obese children and adolescents and provides an understanding of the effects of physical activity interventions in modulating their microbiota. The PRISMA protocol was used across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Overall, twenty-four research papers were included in accordance with the chosen inclusion and exclusion criteria, eighteen studies compared the gut microbiota of obese and normal-weight children and adolescents, and six studies explored the effect of physical activity interventions on the gut microbiota. The analysis indicated that obese gut microbiota is reduced in Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium and alpha diversity but enriched in Proteobacteria and Lactobacillus. Interventions with physical activity seem to improve the alpha diversity and beneficial bacteria linked to body weight loss in children and adolescents. The gut microbiota of obese children exhibited a remarkably individual variation. More interventions are needed to clearly and accurately explore the relationships between child obesity, gut microbiota, and physical activity and to develop approaches to decrease the incidence of paediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela C. Morgado
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - Mónica Sousa
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André B. Coelho
- Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Júlio A. Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
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22
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Gu L, Yu S, Kong L, Wang Q, Wang S, Geng M, Chen G, Zhang D, Cao H, Tao F, Liu K. Urinary antibiotic exposure and low grip strength risk in community-dwelling elderly Chinese by gender and age. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3865-3889. [PMID: 36595097 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies have shown that environmental contaminants were related to decreased handgrip strength. Nevertheless, no prior research has investigated the relationship of exposure to environmental antibiotics with grip strength. Thus, we explored the relationship between urinary antibiotic burden and grip strength among the elderly in China. This study consisted of 451 men and 539 women from the baseline survey of a cohort study. Commonly used antibiotics for humans and animals were detected in 990 urine samples through a biomonitoring method. Grip strength was measured by an electronic dynamometer. We examined the associations of antibiotic exposure with low grip strength (LGS), grip strength, and grip strength index, respectively. Results suggested that 34.9% of participants developed LGS, and 93.0% of individuals were exposed to 1-10 antibiotics. Among women, oxytetracycline (Quartile 2: odds ratio: 2.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.36-6.50), florfenicol (Quartile 3: 2.60 [1.28-5.27]), fluoroquinolones (Quartile 4: 1.88 [1.07-3.30]), and chloramphenicols (Quartile 3: 2.73 [1.35-5.51]) could enhance LGS risk. Among men, ofloxacin (Quartile 2: 3.32 [1.45-7.59]) increased LGS risk, whereas tetracycline (Quartile 2: 0.31 [0.11-0.88]) was implicated in reduced LGS risk. In participants < 70 years, ofloxacin (Quartile 2: 3.00 [1.40-6.42]) could increase LGS risk. For participants who were 70 years of age or older, veterinary antibiotics (Quartile 3: 1.73 [1.02-2.94]) were linked to a 73% increased risk of LGS. Our findings suggested that antibiotics mainly pertained to LGS, and there were gender and age disparities in associations between antibiotic exposure and muscle strength indicators in the elderly Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvfen Gu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuixin Yu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Kong
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qunan Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Menglong Geng
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guimei Chen
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hongjuan Cao
- Lu'an Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, 237000, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Kaiyong Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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23
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Physical and psychological factors related to PLAYER'S health and performance in esports: A scoping review. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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24
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Scriven M, McSweeney A, O'Carroll T, Morkl S, Butler MI. The Muscle-Gut-Brain Axis and Psychiatric Illness. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200214. [PMID: 37080945 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has been the subject of much research over the past decade, offering an exciting new paradigm for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this review, the MGBA is extended to include skeletal muscle and the potential role of an expanded "muscle-gut-brain axis" (MuGBA) in conditions such as anxiety and depression is discussed. There is evidence, from both preclinical and human studies, of bidirectional links between the gut microbiome and skeletal muscle function and structure. The therapeutic role of exercise in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms is widely recognised, and the potential role of the gut microbiota-skeletal muscle link is discussed within this context. Potential pathways of communication involved in the MuGBA including the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway, intestinal permeability, immune modulation, and bacterial metabolites such as short-chain-fatty-acids are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Scriven
- St Loman's Psychiatric Hospital, Delvin Road, Mullingar, County Westmeath, N91T3PR, Ireland
| | - Angela McSweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, Cork University Hospital, Wilton Road, Cork, T12DC4A, Ireland
| | | | - Sabrina Morkl
- Medical University of Graz, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Mary I Butler
- Department of Psychiatry, Cork University Hospital, Wilton Road, Cork, T12DC4A, Ireland
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25
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HUGHES RILEYL, PINDUS DOMINIKAM, KHAN NAIMANA, BURD NICHOLASA, HOLSCHER HANNAHD. Associations between Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Fecal Microbiota in Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:680-689. [PMID: 36728974 PMCID: PMC9997628 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess whether total daily physical activity (PA), PA intensities, sedentary time (ST), and prolonged ST are associated with differences in the gut microbiota composition or short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile of adults with overweight or obesity. METHODS Cross-sectional associations between total daily PA (counts per minute), PA intensities (light and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA)), ST, prolonged ST, and fecal microbiota composition were assessed in adults ( n = 124) between 25 and 45 yr of age with body mass index ≥25 kg·m -2 . Fecal microbiota composition was assessed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Daily PA and ST were measured with a hip-worn ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer. RESULTS Daily PA volume and intensity were positively associated with relative abundance of Faecalibacterium ( P = 0.04) and negatively associated with the abundances of Alistipes , Parabacteroides , and Gemmiger ( P = 0.003-0.04) as well as the concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and total SCFA (all P = 0.04). Conversely, ST was negatively associated with abundance of Faecalibacterium but positively associated with the abundances of taxa, including Ruminococcaceae, Parabacteroides , Alistipes , and Gemmiger . Clustering of participants based on whether they met PA recommendations suggested that SCFA profiles differed between individuals who did and did not meet PA recommendations. K-means clustering based on percent of time spent in MVPA and ST also identified differences in fecal microbiota composition between cluster 1 (lower MVPA, higher ST) and cluster 2 (higher MVPA, lower ST), including a higher abundance of Alistipes in cluster 1. CONCLUSIONS The current analysis suggests a beneficial association of daily PA on the fecal microbiota and a negative association of ST, particularly with respect to the associations of these variables with the genera Faecalibacterium , a butyrate-producing taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- RILEY L. HUGHES
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - DOMINIKA M. PINDUS
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - NAIMAN A. KHAN
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - NICHOLAS A. BURD
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - HANNAH D. HOLSCHER
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
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26
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Deng R, Wang M, Song Y, Shi Y. A Bibliometric Analysis on the Research Trend of Exercise and the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040903. [PMID: 37110325 PMCID: PMC10141121 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of research hotspots and trends in exercise and the gut microbiome, a field which has recently gained increasing attention. The relevant publications on exercise and the gut microbiome were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The publication types were limited to articles and reviews. VOSviewer 1.6.18 (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands) and the R package "bibliometrix" (R Foundation: Vienna, Austria) were used to conduct a bibliometric analysis. A total of 327 eligible publications were eventually identified, including 245 original articles and 82 reviews. A time trend analysis showed that the number of publications rapidly increased after 2014. The leading countries/regions in this field were the USA, China, and Europe. Most of the active institutions were from Europe and the USA. Keyword analysis showed that the relationship between disease, the gut microbiome, and exercise occurs throughout the development of this field of research. The interactions between the gut microbiota, exercise, status of the host's internal environment, and probiotics, are important facets as well. The research topic evolution presents a trend of multidisciplinary and multi-perspective comprehensive analysis. Exercise might become an effective intervention for disease treatment by regulating the gut microbiome. The innovation of exercise-centered lifestyle intervention therapy may become a significant trend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Deng
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mopei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yahan Song
- Library, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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27
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McNamara MP, Venable EM, Cadney MD, Castro AA, Schmill MP, Kazzazi L, Carmody RN, Garland T. Weanling gut microbiota composition of a mouse model selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:287120. [PMID: 36728594 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We compared the fecal microbial community composition and diversity of four replicate lines of mice selectively bred for high wheel-running activity over 81 generations (HR lines) and four non-selected control lines. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on fecal samples taken 24 h after weaning, identifying a total of 2074 bacterial operational taxonomic units. HR and control mice did not significantly differ for measures of alpha diversity, but HR mice had a higher relative abundance of the family Clostridiaceae. These results differ from a study of rats, where a line bred for high forced-treadmill endurance and that also ran more on wheels had lower relative abundance of Clostridiaceae, as compared with a line bred for low endurance that ran less on wheels. Within the HR and control groups, replicate lines had unique microbiomes based on unweighted UniFrac beta diversity, indicating random genetic drift and/or multiple adaptive responses to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica P McNamara
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Emily M Venable
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marcell D Cadney
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Alberto A Castro
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Margaret P Schmill
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.,Medpace, 717th St, Suite 500, Denver, CO 80202, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazzazi
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
| | - Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 91521, USA
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28
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Tacconi E, Palma G, De Biase D, Luciano A, Barbieri M, de Nigris F, Bruzzese F. Microbiota Effect on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production: From Cancer to Fitness-A Practical Preventing Recommendation and Therapies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030563. [PMID: 36771270 PMCID: PMC9920414 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial metabolite derived from nutrients, such as choline, L-carnitine, ergothioneine and betaine. Recently, it has come under the spotlight for its close interactions with gut microbiota and implications for gastrointestinal cancers, cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation. The culprits in the origin of these pathologies may be food sources, in particular, high fat meat, offal, egg yolk, whole dairy products, and fatty fish, but intercalated between these food sources and the production of pro-inflammatory TMAO, the composition of gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating this process. The aim of this review is to explain how the gut microbiota interacts with the conversion of specific compounds into TMA and its oxidation to TMAO. We will first cover the correlation between TMAO and various pathologies such as dysbiosis, then focus on cardiovascular disease, with a particular emphasis on pro-atherogenic factors, and then on systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, we will discuss primary prevention and therapies that are or may become possible. Possible treatments include modulation of the gut microbiota species with diets, physical activity and supplements, and administration of drugs, such as metformin and aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Tacconi
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Barbieri
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
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29
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Reis IA, de Souza MG, Granja-Salcedo YT, de Carvalho IPC, Porcionato MADF, Prados LF, Siqueira GR, De Resende FD. Effect of Post-Ruminal Urea Supply on Growth Performance of Grazing Nellore Young Bulls at Dry Season. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020207. [PMID: 36670747 PMCID: PMC9854706 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of post-ruminal urea on performance, nitrogen metabolism and the ruminal environment of Nellore cattle reared on pasture during the dry season. In experiment 1 (Exp. 1), nine ruminal-cannulated Nellore steers, 30 ± 2 months old (651 ± 45 kg body weight (BW)), were allotted to a 3 × 3 Latin triple square. In experiment 2 (Exp. 2), 84 Nellore bulls, 18 ± 3 months old (315 ± 84 kg BW), were distributed in complete randomized blocks, by initial BW. Protein supplements were supplied daily, in the amount of 2 g/kg BW, and consisted of either CONT: protein + conventional urea (50% CP), PRU: protein + post ruminal urea (50% CP) and U + PRU: protein + urea conventional + post-ruminal urea (70% CP). The paddocks were composed of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu grass. In Exp. 1, there was no treatment effect for DM, OM, NDF, forage intake, and CP, but there was a higher intake for PRU (p < 0.005) and a higher digestibility for U+ PRU (p = 0.001). There was no effect on ruminal pH or NH3-N concentration (p ≥ 0.232), but there was an interaction between treatment and time for them (p < 0.039). Furthermore, there was a treatment effect on the total SCFA concentration, with CONT being higher than the others. A difference in the acetate:propionate ratio was found (p < 0.027), with a greater relationship for PRU and U + PRU. A treatment effect (p = 0.049) was found for the propionate proportion, with a higher proportion in the CONT. Nitrogen intake was consequently lower for the CONT and higher urinary excretion for the U + PRU (p = 0.002). Animals supplemented with CONT showed a tendency to have more Bacteria and fewer Archaea (p = 0.086). In Exp. 2, there was a treatment effect for the disappearance rate of the supplement (p < 0.001). Intake was faster for PRU and CONT, but performance was not affected by PRU (p = 0.311). The use of post-ruminal urea alters the microbial population, but does not affect performance. Therefore, supplementation with post-ruminal urea presented similar results compared to conventional urea. Ruminal and blood parameters and animal performance were not influenced by treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alexandre Reis
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (I.A.R.); (Y.T.G.-S.)
| | - Mailza Gonçalves de Souza
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Yury Tatiana Granja-Salcedo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación El Nus, San Roque, Antioquia 053030, Colombia
- Correspondence: (I.A.R.); (Y.T.G.-S.)
| | | | | | - Laura Franco Prados
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rezende Siqueira
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Dutra De Resende
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina 14770-000, SP, Brazil
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhang X. Combined Physical Exercise and Diet: Regulation of Gut Microbiota to Prevent and Treat of Metabolic Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224774. [PMID: 36432462 PMCID: PMC9699229 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle have contributed to the rising incidence of metabolic diseases, which is also accompanied by the shifts of gut microbiota architecture. The gut microbiota is a complicated and volatile ecosystem and can be regulated by diet and physical exercise. Extensive research suggests that diet alongside physical exercise interventions exert beneficial effects on metabolic diseases by regulating gut microbiota, involving in the changes of the energy metabolism, immune regulation, and the microbial-derived metabolites. OBJECTIVE In this review, we present the latest evidence in the modulating role of diet and physical exercise in the gut microbiota and its relevance to metabolic diseases. We also summarize the research from animal and human studies on improving metabolic diseases through diet-plus-exercise interventions, and new targeted therapies that might provide a better understanding of the potential mechanisms. METHODS A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline and Web of Science in October 2022. The key terms used in the searches included "combined physical exercise and diet", "physical exercise, diet and gut microbiota", "physical exercise, diet and metabolic diseases" and "physical exercise, diet, gut microbiota and metabolic diseases". CONCLUSIONS Combined physical exercise and diet offer a more efficient approach for preventing metabolic diseases via the modification of gut microbiota, abating the burden related to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence:
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Luk AWS, Mitchell L, Koay YC, O’Sullivan JF, O’Connor H, Hackett DA, Holmes A. Intersection of Diet and Exercise with the Gut Microbiome and Circulating Metabolites in Male Bodybuilders: A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100911. [PMID: 36295813 PMCID: PMC9608465 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet, exercise and the gut microbiome are all factors recognised to be significant contributors to cardiometabolic health. However, diet and exercise interventions to modify the gut microbiota to improve health are limited by poor understanding of the interactions between them. In this pilot study, we explored diet–exercise–microbiome dynamics in bodybuilders as they represent a distinctive group that typically employ well-defined dietary strategies and exercise regimes to alter their body composition. We performed longitudinal characterisation of diet, exercise, the faecal microbial community composition and serum metabolites in five bodybuilders during competition preparation and post-competition. All participants reduced fat mass while conserving lean mass during competition preparation, corresponding with dietary energy intake and exercise load, respectively. There was individual variability in food choices that aligned to individualised gut microbial community compositions throughout the study. However, there was a common shift from a high protein, low carbohydrate diet during pre-competition to a more macronutrient-balanced diet post-competition, which was associated with similar changes in the gut microbial diversity across participants. The circulating metabolite profiles also reflected individuality, but a subset of metabolites relating to lipid metabolism distinguished between pre- and post-competition. Changes in the gut microbiome and circulating metabolome were distinct for each individual, but showed common patterns. We conclude that further longitudinal studies will have greater potential than cross-sectional studies in informing personalisation of diet and exercise regimes to enhance exercise outcomes and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison W. S. Luk
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lachlan Mitchell
- Exercise, Health and Performance, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yen Chin Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Exercise, Health and Performance, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - John F. O’Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Helen O’Connor
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Exercise, Health and Performance, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Hackett
- Exercise, Health and Performance, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-93512530
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Association between equol production and metabolic syndrome in Japanese women in their 50s-60s. Menopause 2022; 29:1196-1199. [PMID: 35969890 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Equol is an active metabolite of soy isoflavone. As a phytoestrogen, equol has the potential to prevent metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. This study aimed to determine the association between equol production and metabolic syndrome (METS) in postmenopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1,345 women aged 50 to 69 years who underwent health checkups from February 2018 to November 2021 at four health centers in Fukushima, Japan. Equol producers were defined as those with a urinary equol concentration of 1.0 μM or more. METS was defined based on Japanese diagnostic criteria including abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and glucose intolerance. The association between equol production and METS was estimated by logistic regression analysis, with adjustments for age, exercise, physical activity, and fast walking. RESULTS Of the 1,345 women, 378 (28.1%) were equol producers. The proportion of women who had METS (6.6% vs 10.9%) was significantly lower in the equol-producing group than in the nonproducing group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that equol production was significantly associated with METS (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Equol production was associated with a lower prevalence of METS among women aged 50 to 69 years.
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Puce L, Hampton-Marcell J, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Boulares A, Marinelli L, Mori L, Cotellessa F, Currà A, Trompetto C, Bragazzi NL. Swimming and the human microbiome at the intersection of sports, clinical, and environmental sciences: A scoping review of the literature. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984867. [PMID: 35992695 PMCID: PMC9382026 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is comprised of more than 10–100 trillion microbial taxa and symbiotic cells. Two major human sites that are host to microbial communities are the gut and the skin. Physical exercise has favorable effects on the structure of human microbiota and metabolite production in sedentary subjects. Recently, the concept of “athletic microbiome” has been introduced. To the best of our knowledge, there exists no review specifically addressing the potential role of microbiomics for swimmers, since each sports discipline requires a specific set of techniques, training protocols, and interactions with the athletic infrastructure/facility. Therefore, to fill in this gap, the present scoping review was undertaken. Four studies were included, three focusing on the gut microbiome, and one addressing the skin microbiome. It was found that several exercise-related variables, such as training volume/intensity, impact the athlete’s microbiome, and specifically the non-core/peripheral microbiome, in terms of its architecture/composition, richness, and diversity. Swimming-related power-/sprint- and endurance-oriented activities, acute bouts and chronic exercise, anaerobic/aerobic energy systems have a differential impact on the athlete’s microbiome. Therefore, their microbiome can be utilized for different purposes, including talent identification, monitoring the effects of training methodologies, and devising ad hoc conditioning protocols, including dietary supplementation. Microbiomics can be exploited also for clinical purposes, assessing the effects of exposure to swimming pools and developing potential pharmacological strategies to counteract the insurgence of skin infections/inflammation, including acne. In conclusion, microbiomics appears to be a promising tool, even though current research is still limited, warranting, as such, further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jarrad Hampton-Marcell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), Université Paris Lumières, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ayoub Boulares
- Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lucio Marinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Mori
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo Cotellessa
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Currà
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, A. Fiorini Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,
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Mańkowska K, Marchelek-Myśliwiec M, Kochan P, Kosik-Bogacka D, Konopka T, Grygorcewicz B, Roszkowska P, Cecerska-Heryć E, Siennicka A, Konopka J, Dołęgowska B. Microbiota in sports. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:485. [PMID: 35834007 PMCID: PMC9283338 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of microbiota on the human body is currently the subject of many studies. The composition of bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract varies depending on genetic make-up, lifestyle, use of antibiotics or the presence of diseases. The diet is also important in the species diversity of the microbiota. This study is an analysis of the relationships between physical activity, diet, and the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract in athletes. This review shows the differences in the microbial composition in various sports disciplines, the influence of probiotics on the microbiome, the consequence of which may be achieved even better sports results. Physical activity increases the number of bacteria, mainly of the Clostridiales order and the genus: Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Veillonella, and their number varies depending on the sports discipline. These bacteria are present in athletes in sports that require a high VO2 max. The players’ diet also influences the composition of the microbiota. A diet rich in dietary fiber increases the amount of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium bacteria, probiotic microorganisms, which indicates the need to supplement the diet with probiotic preparations. It is impossible to suggest an unambiguous answer to how the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract changes in athletes and requires further analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mańkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-110, Szczecin, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Kochan
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Medical Biology and Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Konopka
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-110, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paulina Roszkowska
- Department of Immunological Diagnostics, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-110, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aldona Siennicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Justyna Konopka
- Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunological Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-110, Szczecin, Poland
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Kawamura A, Nemoto K, Sugita M. Effect of 8-week intake of the n-3 fatty acid-rich perilla oil on the gut function and as a fuel source for female athletes: a randomised trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-11. [PMID: 35705194 PMCID: PMC9991858 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the effects of n-3 fatty acid intake in supplement form or fish oil capsules, but there are few studies based on other foods. Perilla oil is a traditional Japanese seed oil rich in n-3 fatty acids. This randomised trial aimed to determine the appropriate n-3 fatty acid dose through consumption of perilla oil, which improves gut function and microbiota in trained athletes, and the amount of fat fuel required to provide energy to athletes involved in high-intensity training to improve athletic performance. Thirty-six female athletes training six times per week were randomly assigned to three groups according to perilla oil intake: 9 g/d (high oil intake (HOI)), 3 g/d (low oil intake (LOI)) and placebo-supplementation (PLA) groups. The HOI and LOI groups had perilla oil-containing jelly and the PLA group had placebo jelly for 8 weeks. Gut microbiota, constipation score and urinary biochemical index were measured pre- and post-intervention. The spoilage bacteria, Proteobacteria, significantly decreased (P = 0·036, d = 0·53), whereas Butyrate-producing bacteria, Lachnospiraceae, significantly increased (P = 0·007, d = 1·2) in the HOI group. Urinary indoxyl sulphate significantly decreased in the HOI group only (P = 0·010, d = 0·82). Changes in the constipation score were significantly lower in the HOI group (P = 0·020) and even lower in the LOI group (P = 0·073) than in the PLA group; there were significant differences between groups (P = 0·035). Therefore, perilla oil intake may improve gut function and microbiota in athletes, with higher doses resulting in further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Kawamura
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo1588508, Japan
| | - Ken Nemoto
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo1588508, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sugita
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo1588508, Japan
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Viciani E, Barone M, Bongiovanni T, Quercia S, Di Gesu R, Pasta G, Manetti P, Iaia FM, Trecroci A, Rampelli S, Candela M, Biagi E, Castagnetti A. Fecal microbiota monitoring in elite soccer players along the 2019-2020 competitive season. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1137-1147. [PMID: 35595508 DOI: 10.1055/a-1858-1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise affects the human gut microbiota that, in turn, influences athletes' performance. The current understanding of how the microbiota of professional athletes changes along with different phases of training is sparse. We aim to characterize the fecal microbiota in elite soccer players along with different phases of a competitive season using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal samples were collected after the summer off-season period, the pre-season retreat, the first half of the competitive season, and the 8 weeks COVID-19 lockdown that interrupted the season 2019-2020. According to our results, the gut microbiota of professional athletes changes along with the phases of the season, characterized by different training, diet, nutritional surveillance, and environment sharing. Pre-season retreat, during which nutritional surveillance and exercise intensity were at their peak, caused a decrease in bacterial groups related to unhealthy lifestyle and an increase in health-promoting symbionts. The competitive season and forced interruption affected other features of the athletes' microbiota, i.e. bacterial groups that respond to dietary fibers load and stress levels. Our longitudinal study, focusing on one of the most followed sports worldwide, provides baseline data for future comparisons and microbiome-targeting interventions aimed at developing personalized training and nutrition plans for performances maximization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Barone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulio Pasta
- Medical Department, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy
| | | | - F Marcello Iaia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, BOLOGNA, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Tarracchini C, Fontana F, Lugli GA, Mancabelli L, Alessandri G, Turroni F, Ventura M, Milani C. Investigation of the Ecological Link between Recurrent Microbial Human Gut Communities and Physical Activity. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0042022. [PMID: 35377222 PMCID: PMC9045144 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00420-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown an association between the composition of intestinal microbial communities and host physical activity, suggesting that modifications of the gut microbiota composition may support training, performance, and post-exercise recovery of the host. Nevertheless, investigation of differences in the gut microbiota between athletes and individuals with reduced physical activity is still lacking. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 207 publicly available shotgun metagenomics sequencing data of fecal samples from athletes and healthy non-athletes. Accordingly, analysis of species-level fecal microbial profiles revealed three recurring compositional patterns, named HPC1 to 3, that characterize the host based on their commitment to physical activity. Interestingly, the gut microbiome of athletes showed a higher abundance of anti-inflammatory, health-promoting bacteria than that of non-athletic individuals. Moreover, the bacterial species profiled in the gut of professional athletes are short-fatty acid producers, which potentially improve energy production, and therefore sports performances. Intriguingly, microbial interaction network analyses suggested that exercise-induced microbiota adaptation involves the whole microbial community structure, resulting in a complex microbe-microbe interplay driven by positive relationships among the predicted butyrate-producing community members. IMPORTANCE Through metagenomic analyses, this work revealed that athletes have a gut-associated microbial community enriched in butyrate-producing species compared with non-athletes. This evidence can support the existence of a two-way association between the host's lifestyle and the gut microbiota composition, with potential intriguing athletic performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- GenProbio Srl, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Oral antibiotics reduce voluntary exercise behavior in athletic mice. Behav Processes 2022; 199:104650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Williams CJ, Torquati L, Li Z, Lea RA, Croci I, Keating E, Little JP, Eynon N, Coombes JS. Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin Intake, Gut Microbiome Characteristics, and the V̇O2 Peak Response to High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Inactive Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:680-689. [PMID: 34910161 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome has been associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of oligofructose (FOS)-enriched inulin supplementation on the gut microbiome and the peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) response to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). METHODS The study was a randomized controlled trial. Forty sedentary and apparently healthy adults [n = 31 women; aged 31.8 ± 9.8 y, BMI (in kg⋅m-2) 25.9 ± 4.3] were randomly allocated to 1) 6 wk of supervised HIIT (4 × 4-min bouts at 85-95% peak heart rate, interspersed with 3 min of active recovery, 3·wk-1) + 12 g·d-1 of FOS-enriched inulin (HIIT-I) or 2) 6 wk of supervised HIIT (3·wk-1, 4 × 4-min bouts) + 12 g·d-1 of maltodextrin/placebo (HIIT-P). Each participant completed an incremental treadmill test to assess V̇O2peak and ventilatory thresholds (VTs), provided a stool and blood sample, and completed a 24-h diet recall questionnaire and FFQ before and after the intervention. Gut microbiome analyses were performed using metagenomic sequencing. Fecal short-chain fatty acids were measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS There were no differences in the mean change in V̇O2peak response between groups (P = 0.58). HIIT-I had a greater improvement in VTs than HIIT-P [VT1 (lactate accumulation): mean difference + 4.3% and VT2 (lactate threshold): +4.2%, P < 0.05]. HIIT-I had a greater increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium taxa [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] and several metabolic processes related to exercise capacity (FDR < 0.05). Exploratory analysis of merged data found participants with a greater response to HIIT (V̇O2peak ≥3.5 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1) had a 2.2-fold greater mean abundance of gellan degradation pathways (FDR < 0.05) and a greater, but not significant, abundance of Bifidobacterium uniformis species (P < 0.00023, FDR = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS FOS-enriched inulin supplementation did not potentiate HIIT-induced improvements in V̇O2peak but led to gut microbiome changes possibly associated with greater ventilatory threshold improvements in healthy inactive adults. Gellan degradation pathways and B. uniformis spp. were associated with greater V̇O2peak responses to HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla J Williams
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luciana Torquati
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Zhixiu Li
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Sport, Movement and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliza Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Increased physical activity improves gut microbiota composition and reduces short-chain fatty acid concentrations in older adults with insomnia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2265. [PMID: 35145140 PMCID: PMC8831598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) can improve functional abilities, well-being, and independence in older adults with insomnia. Studies have shown that PA may be linked to changes in the gut microbiota composition and its metabolites' concentrations. This association among older adults with insomnia, however, is yet to be determined. We explored the relationships between physical activity (PA) levels, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in this population. Forty-nine community-dwelling adults with insomnia symptoms, aged 65 and older, participated in this study. Their average daily step-count and sleep continuity measures over a two-week period were calculated based on Actigraphic recordings. Each participant provided fecal samples for the microbiome and SCFA analyses, anthropometric measures, and information via questionnaires on medical history and food consumption. The gut microbiota composition and SCFA concentrations were determined by next-generation sequencing and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Participants were divided into two groups (more and less active) according to their median step/day count. We compared the microbiota abundance and SCFA concentrations between groups and performed correlation analysis between gut microbiota abundances and study variables. Different microbiota taxa in each PA group and increased SCFAs in feces of less active individuals were found. Changes in step counts were positively or negatively associated with the relative abundance of 19 ASVs, 3 microorganisms at the family level, and 11 microorganisms at the genus level. Furthermore, significant associations were discovered among physical activity, gut microbiota, SCFAs, and sleep parameters. Our findings provide new insights on the relationship between PA, gut microbiota composition, and primary metabolites in older adults with insomnia.
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Miranda-Comas G, Petering RC, Zaman N, Chang R. Implications of the Gut Microbiome in Sports. Sports Health 2022; 14:894-898. [PMID: 35034531 PMCID: PMC9631033 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211060006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Two-thirds of an individual's gut microbiota is unique and influenced by dietary and exercise habits, age, sex, genetics, ethnicity, antibiotics, health, and disease. It plays important roles in nutrient and vitamin metabolism, inflammatory modulation, immune system function, and overall health of an individual. Specifically, in sports it may help decrease recovery time and improve athletic performance. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed and Medline databases were used for the literature search. Bibliographies based on the original search were utilized to pursue further literature search. STUDY DESIGN Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. RESULTS Diet and exercise play very important roles in the composition of the gut microbiota in the athletic and nonathletic individual. Ingestion of carbohydrates during and after exercise seems to have an anti-inflammatory effect postexercise. Supplementation with probiotic seems to aid in recovery after exercise, too, especially restoring the "normal" gut microbiota. Physically active individuals of all levels have more alpha diversity and "health-promoting gut species" in their microbiome than nonactive individuals, along with higher concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and SCFA-producing organisms. However, exercise interventions should be longer than 8 weeks to see these positive characteristics. Immune function is highly influenced by the gut microbiota's response to exercise. A transient immune dysfunction occurs after prolonged high-intensity exercise, which correlates with microbiota dysregulation. Nevertheless, long-term exposure to exercise will enhance the immune response and lead to positive changes in the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION Although the exact mechanisms of the effects that diet, exercise, and genetics have on the gut microbiota remain largely unknown, there is evidence that suggests overall health benefits. In the athletic population, these benefits can ultimately lead to performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Miranda-Comas
- Department of Rehabilitation and
Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York,Gerardo
Miranda-Comas, MD, 1510 Ashford Avenue, Apartment 802, San Juan, PR
00911 ()
(Twitter: @SportsMDgmirand)
| | - Ryan C. Petering
- Department of Family Medicine,
Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland,
Oregon
| | - Nadia Zaman
- PM&R, Tufts University School
of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation and
Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York
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Sellami M, Elrayess MA, Puce L, Bragazzi NL. Molecular Big Data in Sports Sciences: State-of-Art and Future Prospects of OMICS-Based Sports Sciences. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:815410. [PMID: 35087871 PMCID: PMC8787195 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.815410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Together with environment and experience (that is to say, diet and training), the biological and genetic make-up of an athlete plays a major role in exercise physiology. Sports genomics has shown, indeed, that some DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be associated with athlete performance and level (such as elite/world-class athletic status), having an impact on physical activity behavior, endurance, strength, power, speed, flexibility, energetic expenditure, neuromuscular coordination, metabolic and cardio-respiratory fitness, among others, as well as with psychological traits. Athletic phenotype is complex and depends on the combination of different traits and characteristics: as such, it requires a “complex science,” like that of metadata and multi-OMICS profiles. Several projects and trials (like ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE) are aimed at discovering genomics-based biomarkers with an adequate predictive power. Sports genomics could enable to optimize and maximize physical performance, as well as it could predict the risk of sports-related injuries. Exercise has a profound impact on proteome too. Proteomics can assess both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view the modifications induced by training. Recently, scholars have assessed the epigenetics changes in athletes. Summarizing, the different omics specialties seem to converge in a unique approach, termed sportomics or athlomics and defined as a “holistic and top-down,” “non-hypothesis-driven research on an individual’s metabolite changes during sports and exercise” (the Athlome Project Consortium and the Santorini Declaration) Not only sportomics includes metabonomics/metabolomics, but relying on the athlete’s biological passport or profile, it would enable the systematic study of sports-induced changes and effects at any level (genome, transcriptome, proteome, etc.). However, the wealth of data is so huge and massive and heterogenous that new computational algorithms and protocols are needed, more computational power is required as well as new strategies for properly and effectively combining and integrating data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,
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Sadeghirashed S, Kazemi F, Taheri S, Ebrahimi MT, Arasteh J. A novel probiotic strain exerts therapeutic effects on mouse model of multiple sclerosis by altering the expression of inflammasome and IDO genes and modulation of T helper cytokine profile. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:197-207. [PMID: 34757579 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that commences to neuronal cell destruction. Recently, a promising evidence of synergic effects of combined supplementation with vitamin D and probiotics in modulating the gut microbiota and metabolome is emerging. Bacillus Coagulans IBRC-M10791 as a novel strain was chosen, prevention and treatment impacts of regular administered were studied in Cuprizone-induced C57bl/6 mouse of demyelination. The mice were divided into six groups and received a daily dose of cuprizone or probiotics. To investigate the effect of probiotic, the IDO-1, CYP27B1, NLRP1, NLRP3, and AIM2 expression were estimated by Real-Time PCR, and IL-4, IL-17, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta cytokines were measured by ELISA. The results showed that there was significant decrease in IL-17 and IFN-γ and modulatory effects on IL-4 and TGF-β. On the other hand, we demonstrated that there are significant decrease for expression of IDO-1, CYP27b1, NLRP1, NLRP3 and AIM2 genes in prevention and treatment groups compared to cuprizone group. Also, a significant enhancement in rate of remyelination and alternations proved by LFB staining and Y-Maze test. In conclusion, our study provides insight into how the therapeutic effect of the chosen strain of probiotic was correlated with the modulation of the level of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Further, we demonstrated that the expression of genes related to Tryptophan, Vitamin D and Inflammasome pathways could be affected by B.coagulans. Our study could be beneficial to provide a novel Co-therapeutic strategy for Multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sadeghirashed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
| | - Maryam Tajabadi Ebrahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Arasteh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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44
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Ho LH, Tan TC, Chong LC. Designer foods as an effective approach to enhance disease preventative properties of food through its health functionalities. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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45
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Sharma V, Malla MA, Kori RK, Yadav RS, Azam Z. Applications of Metagenomics for Unrevealing the Extended Horizons of Microbiota Prevalence from Soil to Human Health. Open Microbiol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802115010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis of different ecosystems has shown that the number of microbial communities in a single sample exceeds their cultured counterparts. Microbes have been found throughout nature and can thrive in adverse conditions. Besides inhabiting diverse environments, they also play a key role in the maintenance of the ecosystem. Most of these microbes are either unculturable or difficult to culture with conventional culturing methods. Metagenomics is an emerging field of science that has been in the light for a decade and offers a potential way to assess microbial diversity. The development of metagenomics opens new ways to study genetic material directly from the environmental samples. DNA sequencing and synthesis technologies are making it possible to read and write entire genomes. The huge amount of data obtained from genome sequencing inevitably requires bioinformatics tools to handle and further process them for analysis. Advances in DNA sequencing and high-performance computing have brought about exemplar improvement in metagenomics, allowing in-depth study of the largely unexplored frontier of microbial life. This culture-independent method provides extensive information regarding the structure, composition, and function of the diverse assemblages of the environmental microbes. The current review presents an overview of the technical aspects of metagenomics along with its diverse applications.
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46
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Donati Zeppa S, Amatori S, Sisti D, Gervasi M, Agostini D, Piccoli G, Pazienza V, Gobbi P, Rocchi MBL, Sestili P, Stocchi V. Nine weeks of high-intensity indoor cycling training induced changes in the microbiota composition in non-athlete healthy male college students. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:74. [PMID: 34922581 PMCID: PMC8684107 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota constitutes a dynamic microbial system constantly challenged by environmental conditions, including physical exercise. Limited human studies suggest that exercise could play a beneficial role for gut health, increasing microbial diversity, even if the effects of exercise on gut microbial microorganisms depends on its intensity and duration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nine weeks of high-intensity interval exercise on gut microbiota composition in healthy young adults. Methods The gut microbiota composition of seventeen healthy male college students was analysed before and after nine weeks of high-intensity interval cycling training by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. PERMANOVA for repeated measures was used to test pre-post differences in the relative abundance of all taxonomic levels, and correlations between variations in microbial composition and physical and dietary features were also assessed. Results Physical exercise induced changes in microbiota composition, at all taxonomic levels analysed (phyla: F [1, 32]=3.97, p=0.029; classes: F [1, 32]=3.39, p=0.033, orders: F [1, 32]=3.17, p=0.044, families: F [1, 32]=1.54, p=0.037, genera: F [1, 32]=1.46, p=0.015, species: F [1, 32]=1.38, p=0.007). Conversely, no differences were found between pre and post-training conditions for microbial community richness (Chao1: V=105, p=0.06) or diversity (Shannon index: V=62, p=0.52; Simpson index: V=59, p=0.43). Changes in the relative abundance of eighteen genera were correlated to changes of twenty environmental factors grouped in physical features, sport-related features, and dietary features. Conclusions Nine weeks of high-intensity exercise induced modifications in gut microbiota composition in healthy male college students, shifting the gut microbial population towards a healthier microbiome with benefit to human health in general. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12970-021-00471-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco B L Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 7, 61029, Urbino, Italy
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Nutrition and Physical Activity-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota: Possible Implications for Human Health and Athletic Performance. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123075. [PMID: 34945630 PMCID: PMC8700881 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex heterogeneous microbial community modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the external causes, nutrition as well as physical activity appear to be potential drivers of microbial diversity, both at the taxonomic and functional level, likely also influencing endocrine system, and acting as endocrine organ itself. To date, clear-cut data regarding which microbial populations are modified, and by which mechanisms are lacking. Moreover, the relationship between the microbial shifts and the metabolic practical potential of the gut microbiota is still unclear. Further research by longitudinal and well-designed studies is needed to investigate whether microbiome manipulation may be an effective tool for improving human health and, also, performance in athletes, and whether these effects may be then extended to the overall health promotion of general populations. In this review, we evaluate and summarize the current knowledge regarding the interaction and cross-talks among hormonal modifications, physical performance, and microbiota content and function.
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48
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Hentschel V, Seufferlein T, Armacki M. Intestinal organoids in coculture: redefining the boundaries of gut mucosa ex vivo modeling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G693-G704. [PMID: 34643092 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00043.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
All-time preservation of an intact mucosal barrier is crucial to ensuring intestinal homeostasis and, hence, the organism's overall health maintenance. This complex process relies on an equilibrated signaling system between the intestinal epithelium and numerous cell populations inhabiting the gut mucosa. Any perturbations of this delicate cross talk, particularly regarding the immune cell compartment and microbiota, may sustainably debilitate the intestinal barrier function. As a final joint event, a critical rise in epithelial permeability facilitates the exposure of submucosal immunity to microbial antigens, resulting in uncontrolled inflammation, collateral tissue destruction, and dysbiosis. Organoid-derived intestinal coculture models have established themselves as convenient tools to reenact such pathophysiological events, explore interactions between selected cell populations, and assess their roles with a central focus on intestinal barrier recovery and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Hentschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Milena Armacki
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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49
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Hughes RL, Holscher HD. Fueling Gut Microbes: A Review of the Interaction between Diet, Exercise, and the Gut Microbiota in Athletes. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2190-2215. [PMID: 34229348 PMCID: PMC8634498 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The athlete's goal is to optimize their performance. Towards this end, nutrition has been used to improve the health of athletes' brains, bones, muscles, and cardiovascular system. However, recent research suggests that the gut and its resident microbiota may also play a role in athlete health and performance. Therefore, athletes should consider dietary strategies in the context of their potential effects on the gut microbiota, including the impact of sports-centric dietary strategies (e.g., protein supplements, carbohydrate loading) on the gut microbiota as well as the effects of gut-centric dietary strategies (e.g., probiotics, prebiotics) on performance. This review provides an overview of the interaction between diet, exercise, and the gut microbiota, focusing on dietary strategies that may impact both the gut microbiota and athletic performance. Current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota could, in theory, contribute to the effects of dietary intake on athletic performance by influencing microbial metabolite production, gastrointestinal physiology, and immune modulation. Common dietary strategies such as high protein and simple carbohydrate intake, low fiber intake, and food avoidance may adversely impact the gut microbiota and, in turn, performance. Conversely, intake of adequate dietary fiber, a variety of protein sources, and emphasis on unsaturated fats, especially omega-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acids, in addition to consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, have shown promising results in optimizing athlete health and performance. Ultimately, while this is an emerging and promising area of research, more studies are needed that incorporate, control, and manipulate all 3 of these elements (i.e., diet, exercise, and gut microbiome) to provide recommendations for athletes on how to "fuel their microbes."
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley L Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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50
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Oh B, Boyle F, Pavlakis N, Clarke S, Guminski A, Eade T, Lamoury G, Carroll S, Morgia M, Kneebone A, Hruby G, Stevens M, Liu W, Corless B, Molloy M, Libermann T, Rosenthal D, Back M. Emerging Evidence of the Gut Microbiome in Chemotherapy: A Clinical Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:706331. [PMID: 34604043 PMCID: PMC8481611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.706331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is associated with both cancer chemotherapy (CTX) outcomes and adverse events (AEs). This review examines the relationship between the gut microbiome and CTX as well as the impact of CTX on the gut microbiome. A literature search was conducted in electronic databases Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect, with searches for "cancer" and "chemotherapy" and "microbiome/microbiota". The relevant literature was selected for use in this article. Seventeen studies were selected on participants with colorectal cancer (CRC; n=5), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML; n=3), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=2), breast cancer (BCa; n=1), lung cancer (n=1), ovarian cancer (n=1), liver cancer (n=1), and various other types of cancers (n=3). Seven studies assessed the relationship between the gut microbiome and CTX with faecal samples collected prior to (n=3) and following CTX (n=4) showing that the gut microbiome is associated with both CTX efficacy and toxicity. Ten other prospective studies assessed the impact of CTX during treatment and found that CTX modulates the gut microbiome of people with cancer and that dysbiosis induced by the CTX is related to AEs. CTX adversely impacts the gut microbiome, inducing dysbiosis and is associated with CTX outcomes and AEs. Current evidence provides insights into the gut microbiome for clinicians, cancer survivors and the general public. More research is required to better understand and modify the impact of CTX on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongsang Oh
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Frances Boyle
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Guminski
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Eade
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gillian Lamoury
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan Carroll
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marita Morgia
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Kneebone
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - George Hruby
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Stevens
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wen Liu
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Brian Corless
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Molloy
- Bowel Cancer and Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Towia Libermann
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Michael Back
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Service, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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