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Hendawi NY, Crane HL, Mehanna H, Bolt R, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. Fibroblasts from HPV-negative oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas stimulate the release of osteopontin from cancer cells via the release of IL-6. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1390081. [PMID: 38803348 PMCID: PMC11128591 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1390081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) shows distinct biological and clinical behaviour when compared to HPV-negative OPSCC. The overall role of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in head and neck cancer progression and metastasis has been studied intensively, but differences in HPV-negative and HPV-positive OPSCCs are less understood. Objective To investigate the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the functional interactions of normal tonsil fibroblasts (NTFs) and OP CAFs with HPV+ and HPV- OPSCC cells and explore novel candidates in tumour-fibroblast crosstalk. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort of 143 primary OPSCCs was characterised using HPV16/18 RNAScope assay, p16 IHC and ɑ-SMA. Four OPSCC, three NTF and 2 new OPSCC CAF cultures were used to assess the cytokine-based interactions using cytokine arrays on conditioned media (CM), followed by co-culture approaches to identify the role of individual cell types and the role of OPN (SPP1) and IL-6 in SCC/fibroblast communication. Results HPV status was associated with better overall survival. Although ɑ-SMA expression was observed in both OPSCC subtypes, it provided survival stratification only in the HPV-positive group (Log-Rank p = 0.02). Three normal tonsillar fibroblast cultures (NTFs) were characterised by induction of myofibroblastic and senescent phenotypes with similar reactivity to our published NOF phenotype. The OPSCC-derived CAF cultures were characterised and their baseline myofibroblastic and senescence phenotypes varied. Cytokine array analysis of CM to identify novel candidates in the crosstalk between OPSCC tumour cells and NTFs/CAFs identified differences in the cytokine profiles on comparison of HPV+ and HPV- OPSCC cells. Osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) was identified, particularly in HPV-negative OPSCC cell analyses. We have demonstrated that OPN was produced by the OPSCC cells and revealed an associated upregulation of IL-6 in fibroblasts. Treatment of NTFs with rOPN showed alteration in phenotype, including increased contraction and IL-6 production. Antibody-mediated inhibition of CD44v6 attenuated the production of IL-6 by OPN in NTFs. Conclusion This investigation with OPSCC fibroblasts provides novel insights into the role of CAFs in OPSCC mediated by IL-6 stimulated release of OPN from HPV negative OPSCC cells. The details of HPV-positive SCC cell/fibroblast cytokine crosstalk remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeima Yahia Hendawi
- Academic Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Hannah L. Crane
- Academic Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Bolt
- Academic Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Academic Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Academic Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Tan X, Zhao X. B7-H3 in acute myeloid leukemia: From prognostic biomarker to immunotherapeutic target. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01032. [PMID: 38595093 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT B7-H3 (CD276), an immune checkpoint protein of the B7 family, exhibits significant upregulation in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, exerting a crucial role in their pathophysiology. The distinct differential expression of B7-H3 between tumors and normal tissues and its multifaceted involvement in tumor pathogenesis position it as a promising therapeutic target for tumors. In the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), B7-H3 is prominently overexpressed and closely associated with unfavorable prognoses, yet it has remained understudied. Despite various ongoing clinical trials demonstrating the potential efficacy of immunotherapies targeting B7-H3, the precise underlying mechanisms responsible for B7-H3-mediated proliferation and immune evasion in AML remain enigmatic. In view of this, we comprehensively outline the current research progress concerning B7-H3 in AML, encompassing in-depth discussions on its structural attributes, receptor interactions, expression profiles, and biological significance in normal tissues and AML. Moreover, we delve into the protumor effects of B7-H3 in AML, examine the intricate mechanisms that underlie its function, and discuss the emerging application of B7-H3-targeted therapy in AML treatment. By juxtaposing B7-H3 with other molecules within the B7 family, this review emphasizes the distinctive advantages of B7-H3, not only as a valuable prognostic biomarker but also as a highly promising immunotherapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing 100044, China
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Guimarães JCM, Petrucci G, Prada J, Pires I, Queiroga FL. Immunohistochemical Expression and Prognostic Value of COX-2 and Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin-positive Cancer-associated Fibroblasts in Feline Mammary Cancer. In Vivo 2024; 38:598-605. [PMID: 38418156 PMCID: PMC10905453 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the development and progression of tumor malignancy in humans and animals, showing that both can influence the tumor microenvironment. However, the impact of these two markers in feline mammary carcinogenesis has not yet been addressed. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, the clinicopathological significance of COX-2 immunoexpression and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was determined and correlated with disease-free and overall survival of 50 felines with malignant mammary tumors. RESULTS COX-2 overexpression was positively associated with mitotic index (p=0.031), degree of malignancy (p≤0.001), lymph node metastasis (p≤0.001), vascular invasion (p=0.002), disease recurrence (p=0.019) and distant metastasis (p=0.036). α-SMA-positive CAFs were associated with mitotic index (p=0.004), lymph node metastasis (p=0.027), vascular invasion (p=0.05), disease recurrence (p≤0.001) and distant metastasis (p≤0.001). Additionally, both markers were correlated with disease-free and overall survival, emerging as predictors of poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate for the first time that the presence of two markers, COX-2 and α-SMA, is associated with carcinogenesis and worse prognosis in feline mammary cancer and that α-SMA-positive CAFs have a role in feline mammary tumorigenesis, cancer development, and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaynne C M Guimarães
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Petrucci
- Onevet, Veterinary Hospital of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Department, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Felisbina L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal;
- CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Wang B, Song B, Li Y, Zhao Q, Tan B. Mapping spatial heterogeneity in gastric cancer microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116317. [PMID: 38382329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is difficult to characterize due to its heterogeneity, and the complicated heterogeneity leads to the difficulty of precisely targeted therapy. The spatially heterogeneous composition plays a crucial role in GC onset, progression, treatment efficacy, and drug resistance. In recent years, the technological advancements in spatial omics has shifted our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) from cancer-centered model to a dynamic and variant whole. In this review, we concentrated on the spatial heterogeneity within the primary lesions and between the primary and metastatic lesions of GC through the TME heterogeneity including the tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), the uniquely spatial organization. Meanwhile, the immune phenotype based on spatial distribution was also outlined. Furthermore, we recapitulated the clinical treatment in mediating spatial heterogeneity in GC, hoping to provide a systematic view of how spatial information could be integrated into anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Wang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Buyun Song
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Bibo Tan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.
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Jiang Y, Liu J, Chen L, Qian Z, Zhang Y. A promising target for breast cancer: B7-H3. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:182. [PMID: 38326735 PMCID: PMC10848367 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second-leading factor of mortality for women globally and is brought on by a variety of genetic and environmental causes. The conventional treatments for this disease have limitations, making it difficult to improve the lifespan of breast cancer patients. As a result, extensive research has been conducted over the past decade to find innovative solutions to these challenges. Targeting of the antitumor immune response through the immunomodulatory checkpoint protein B7 family has revolutionized cancer treatment and led to intermittent patient responses. B7-H3 has recently received attention because of its significant demodulation and its immunomodulatory effects in many cancers. Uncontrolled B7-H3 expression and a bad outlook are strongly associated, according to a substantial body of cancer research. Numerous studies have shown that BC has significant B7-H3 expression, and B7-H3 induces an immune evasion phenotype, consequently enhancing the survival, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of BC cells. Thus, an innovative target for immunotherapy against BC may be the B7-H3 checkpoint.In this review, we discuss the structure and regulation of B7-H3 and its double costimulatory/coinhibitory function within the framework of cancer and normal physiology. Then we expound the malignant behavior of B7-H3 in BC and its role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and finally focus on targeted drugs against B7-H3 that have opened new therapeutic opportunities in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Zhiwen Qian
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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6
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Lu Y, Li H, Zhao P, Tian L, Liu Y, Sun X, Cheng Y. Dynamic phenotypic reprogramming and chemoresistance induced by lung fibroblasts in small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2884. [PMID: 38311608 PMCID: PMC10838940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is heterogenous in phenotype and microenvironment. Dynamic phenotypic reprogramming, leading to heterogeneity, is prevalent in SCLC, while the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) possess comprehensive roles in cancer progression, while their function in phenotypic reprogramming of SCLC remain elusive. Here, we obtained transcriptome data of SCLC tissues from publicly available databases, subsequently estimated abundance of CAFs. We found CAF-abundant SCLC exhibited non-neuroendocrine (Non-NE) characteristics. Supporting this, the positive correlation of expression level of α-SMA, the CAF marker, and expression level of REST, protein typically expressed in Non-NE type SCLC, was identified in SCLC tissue arrays. Moreover, we revealed that fibroblasts inhibited NE markers expression and cell proliferation of SCLC cells in the co-culture system comprising lung fibroblasts and SCLC cells, indicating a phenotypic reprogramming from NE to Non-NE. During this process, fibroblast-derived IL-6 activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling, upregulated c-MYC expression, and subsequently activated the NOTCH pathway, driving phenotypic reprogramming. Moreover, CAF-enriched SCLC exhibited increased immune cell infiltration, elevated expression of immune activation-related signatures, and checkpoint molecules. Our data also highlighted the chemoresistance induced by fibroblasts in SCLC cells, which was effectively reversed by JAK inhibitor. In conclusion, fibroblasts induced phenotypic reprogramming of SCLC cells from NE to Non-NE, likely contributes to inflamed immune microenvironment and chemoresistance. These findings provide novel insights into the clinical implications of CAFs in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Lu
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Medical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1066, Jinhu Road, High-tech District, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyan Zhao
- Medical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1066, Jinhu Road, High-tech District, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Medical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1066, Jinhu Road, High-tech District, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - XiaoDan Sun
- Department of 1st Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Medical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1066, Jinhu Road, High-tech District, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China.
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7
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Koumprentziotis IA, Theocharopoulos C, Foteinou D, Angeli E, Anastasopoulou A, Gogas H, Ziogas DC. New Emerging Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of B7-H3. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:54. [PMID: 38250867 PMCID: PMC10820813 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints (ICs) are molecules implicated in the fine-tuning of immune response via co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory signals, and serve to secure minimized host damage. Targeting ICs with various therapeutic modalities, including checkpoint inhibitors/monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and CAR-T cells has produced remarkable results, especially in immunogenic tumors, setting a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutics through the incorporation of these IC-targeted treatments. However, the large proportion of subjects who experience primary or secondary resistance to available IC-targeted options necessitates further advancements that render immunotherapy beneficial for a larger patient pool with longer duration of response. B7-H3 (B7 Homolog 3 Protein, CD276) is a member of the B7 family of IC proteins that exerts pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects both in physiologic and pathologic contexts. Mounting evidence has demonstrated an aberrant expression of B7-H3 in various solid malignancies, including tumors less sensitive to current immunotherapeutic options, and has associated its expression with advanced disease, worse patient survival and impaired response to IC-based regimens. Anti-B7-H3 agents, including novel mAbs, bispecific antibodies, ADCs, CAR-T cells, and radioimmunotherapy agents, have exhibited encouraging antitumor activity in preclinical models and have recently entered clinical testing for several cancer types. In the present review, we concisely present the functional implications of B7-H3 and discuss the latest evidence regarding its prognostic significance and therapeutic potential in solid malignancies, with emphasis on anti-B7-H3 modalities that are currently evaluated in clinical trial settings. Better understanding of B7-H3 intricate interactions in the tumor microenvironment will expand the oncological utility of anti-B7-H3 agents and further shape their role in cancer therapeutics.
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Elewa MAF, Eldehna WM, Hamdan AME, Abd El-Kawi SH, El-Kalaawy AM, Majrashi TA, Barghash RF, Abdel-Aziz HA, Hashem KS, Al-Gayyar MMH. WRH-2412 alleviates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through regulation of TGF-β/β-catenin/α-SMA pathway. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2185761. [PMID: 36912230 PMCID: PMC10013371 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2185761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is considered one of the most lethal cancers, which is characterised by increasing prevalence associated with high level of invasion and metastasis. The novel synthetic pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compound, WRH-2412, was reported to exhibit in vitro antitumor activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the antitumor activity of WRH-2412 in HCC induced in rats through affecting the TGF-β/β-catenin/α-SMA pathway. Antitumor activity of WRH-2412 was evaluated by calculating the rat's survival rate and by assessment of serum α-fetoprotein. Protein expression of TGF-β, β-catenin, E-cadherin, fascin and gene expression of SMAD4 and α-SMA were determined in hepatic tissue of rats. WRH-2412 produced antitumor activity by significantly increasing the rats' survival rate and decreasing serum α-fetoprotein. WRH-2412 significantly reduced an HCC-induced increase in hepatic TGF-β, β-catenin, SMAD4, fascin and α-SMA expression. In addition, WRH-2412 significantly increased hepatic E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A F Elewa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M E Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samraa H Abd El-Kawi
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Kalaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Taghreed A Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham F Barghash
- Institute of Chemical Industries Research, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khalid S Hashem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Chen S, Zhan S, Ding S, Zhang Q, Xuan H, Zhang X, Cao L. B7-H3 and CD47 co-expression in gastric cancer is a predictor of poor prognosis and potential targets for future dual-targeting immunotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16609-16621. [PMID: 37715830 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide. B7-H3, an immune checkpoint molecule with promising potential, has been found to be overexpressed in various cancers. CD47 is an anti-phagocytic molecule that interacts with the signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) to affect phagocytes. The relationship between the expression of B7-H3 and CD47, two potential therapeutic targets found in tumor cells, remains unknown. In this study, our objective is to investigate the clinical significance of co-expression of B7-H3 and CD47, as well as the potential therapeutic value of combination therapy in GC. METHODS We utilized immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess the expression of B7-H3, CD47, CD68, CD86 and CD163 in tissue microarrays obtained from 268 GC patients who underwent surgeries. Western blotting was employed to assess the protein level of B7-H3 and CD47 in GC tissues. The co-localization of B7-H3/CD47 and CD68 in GC tissues was determined using multiplex immunohistochemistry (m-IHC). We further verified the relationship between B7-H3/CD47 and macrophage infiltration via flow cytometry. To estimate the clinical outcomes of patients from different subgroups, we employed the Kaplan-Meier curve and the Cox model. RESULTS Among the 268 GC cases, a total of 180 cases exhibited positive expression of B7-H3, while 122 cases showed positive expression of CD47. In fresh GC clinical tissues, B7-H3 and CD47 protein level was also higher in tumor tissue than in adjacent normal tissue. Remarkably, 91 cases demonstrated co-expression of B7-H3 and CD47. We observed a significant correlation between B7-H3 expression and tumor stage (P = 0.001), differentiation (P = 0.045), and depth (P = 0.003). Additionally, there was a significant association between B7-H3 and CD47 expression (P = 0.018). The percentage of B7-H3 and CD47 double positive cells in fresh GC tumor tissues were elevated compared with control adjacent tissues regardless of CD45- or CD45+ cells (P = 0.0029, P = 0.0012). Patients with high B7-H3 or CD47 expression had significantly lower overall survival (OS) rates compared to those with low expression levels (P = 0.0176 or P = 0.0042). Surprisingly, patients with combined high expression of B7-H3 and CD47 exhibited a considerably worse prognosis than others (P = 0.0007). Univariate analysis revealed that cases with high expression of B7-H3, CD47, or both had significantly higher hazard ratios (HR) than cases with low expression of these markers. Furthermore, the results of multivariate analysis indicated that B7-H3/CD47 co-expression and CD47 expression alone are independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between B7-H3 and CD68 expression, CD47 and CD68 expression, as well as B7-H3/CD47 co-expression and CD68 expression in GC patients (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, and P < 0.001). Flow cytometry test showed that the percentage of CD68-positive cells but not CD86-positive cells among B7-H3-positive or CD47-positive immune cells in GC tumor tissue was elevated significantly compared with adjacent tissue. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated a correlation between B7-H3 expression and CD47 expression in GC patient tissues. Co-expression of B7-H3 and CD47 can serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in GC patients. In GC tumor tissue, but not adjacent tissue, B7-H3 and CD47 expression was accompanied with macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shenghua Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Sisi Ding
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qiange Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hanqin Xuan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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10
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Guo X, Chang M, Wang Y, Xing B, Ma W. B7-H3 in Brain Malignancies: Immunology and Immunotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3762-3780. [PMID: 37564196 PMCID: PMC10411461 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint B7-H3 (CD276), a member of the B7 family with immunoregulatory properties, has been identified recently as a novel target for immunotherapy for refractory blood cancers and solid malignant tumors. While research on B7-H3 in brain malignancies is limited, there is growing interest in exploring its therapeutic potential in this context. B7-H3 plays a crucial role in regulating the functions of immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells within the tumor microenvironment, contributing to the creation of a pro-tumorigenic milieu. This microenvironment promotes uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation, enhanced metabolism, increased cancer stemness, and resistance to standard treatments. Blocking B7-H3 and terminating its immunosuppressive function is expected to improve anti-tumor immune responses and, in turn, ameliorate the progression of tumors. Results from preclinical or observative studies and early-phase trials targeting B7-H3 have revealed promising anti-tumor efficacy and acceptable toxicity in glioblastoma (GBM), diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, craniopharyngioma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, and brain metastases. Ongoing clinical trials are now investigating the use of CAR-T cell therapy and antibody-drug conjugate therapy, either alone or in combination with standard treatments or other therapeutic approaches, targeting B7-H3 in refractory or recurrent GBMs, DIPGs, neuroblastomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and metastatic brain tumors. These trials hold promise for providing effective treatment options for these challenging intracranial malignancies in both adult and pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengqi Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Liu X, Xu C, Guo T, Zhan S, Quan Q, Li M, Wang Z, Zhang X, Guo L, Cao L. Clinical significance of CD155 expression and correlation with cellular components of tumor microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173524. [PMID: 37441080 PMCID: PMC10333512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD155 is recently emerging as a promising target in malignancies. However, the relationship between CD155 expression and tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) has rarely been clarified. Methods We measured CD155 expression in specimens of gastric precancerous disease and GAC by immunohistochemistry. The association of CD155 expression with GAC progression and cells infiltration in TME was evaluated through 268 GAC tissues and public dataset analysis. Results We showed that the expression of CD155 was positively correlated with the pathological development of gastric precancerous disease (r = 0.521, P < 0.0001). GAC patients with high CD155 expression had a poorer overall survival (P = 0.033). Moreover, CD155 expression correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features including tumor volume, tumor stage, lymph node involvement, and cell proliferation (P <0.05). Remarkably, CD155 expression positively related to the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages in TME (P = 0.011). Meanwhile, the positive correlation was observed between CD155 and CD31 (P = 0.026). In addition, patients with high CD155 expression combined with low CD3, CD4, CD8, IL-17, IFN-γ or CD19 expression as well as those with high CD155 and α-SMA expression showed significantly worse overall survival (P < 0.05). Conclusions CD155 may play a pivotal role in the development of GAC through both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms and be expected to become a novel target of immunotherapy in GAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenghua Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuying Quan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengsi Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Mortezaee K. B7-H3 immunoregulatory roles in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114890. [PMID: 37196544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3, also called CD276) is a checkpoint of B7 family that is aberrantly and consistently expressed in several human cancers, and its overexpression correlates with weak prognosis. B7-H3 is expressed on a number of cells, and it acts as a driver of immune evasion. This is mediated through hampering T cell infiltration and promoting exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Increased B7-H3 activity also promotes macrophage polarity toward pro-tumor type 2 (M2) phenotype. In addition, high B7-H3 activity induces aberrant angiogenesis to promote hypoxia, a result of which is resistance to common immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. This is mediated through the impact of hypoxia on dampening CD8+ T cell recruitment into tumor area. The immunosuppressive property of B7-H3 offers insights into targeting this checkpoint as a desired approach in cancer immunotherapy. B7-H3 can be a target in blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), combination therapies, chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells and bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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13
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Mo S, Zong L, Chen X, Ban X, Li M, Lu Z, Yu S, Chen J. Expression and Prognostic Value of B7 Family Immune Checkpoints in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2023; 147:193-201. [PMID: 35671167 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0377-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare malignancies with heterogeneous clinical courses requiring novel prognosticators and therapies. B7 family molecules have an important role in various cancers; however, these have not been distinguished in PanNETs. OBJECTIVE.— To investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3), B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4), and V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) in 182 PanNETs (with a high proportion of functioning versus nonfunctioning PanNETs: 51% versus 49%). DESIGN.— Molecules were immunostained by using tissue microarrays from 182 patients with grade 1/2 PanNETs. VISTA-positive microvessel density (VISTA+ MVD) was evaluated in 4 high-power fields (HPFs) (×200) and mean count was calculated; immune cells with 1% or greater VISTA staining were considered positive. PD-L1 tumoral expression was considered positive in samples with 5% or more membranous staining. Tumoral VISTA, stromal PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, and B7-H4 expression were deemed positive if any staining was observed. RESULTS.— VISTA+ MVD was high (≥10.8/HPF) in 45 patients (25%), while VISTA stained positively on immune and tumor cells in 121 (66%) and 0 patients, respectively. Positive PD-L1 tumoral and stromal expression was observed in 23 (13%) and 0 patients, with positive B7-H3 expression in 76 (42%) and 98 (54%) patients, respectively, in these cells; PD-L2 and B7-H4 were not detected. PD-L1 positivity rate was high in functioning PanNETs. Stromal B7-H3 and high VISTA+ MVD correlated with unfavorable clinicopathologic features. Moreover, high VISTA+ MVD was an independent predictor of shorter progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS.— VISTA may serve as a prognosticator and immunotherapeutic target for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Mo
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Mo and Zong contributed equally to this work
| | - Liju Zong
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Mo and Zong contributed equally to this work
| | - Xianlong Chen
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchao Ban
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangni Yu
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Epigenetic Regulation of MAP3K8 in EBV-Associated Gastric Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031964. [PMID: 36768307 PMCID: PMC9916342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) regulate gene expressions, which are critical for cell type-identity and tumorigenesis. Although genome wide H3K27ac profiling have revealed the presence of SE-associated genes in gastric cancer (GC), their roles remain unclear. In this study, ChIP-seq and HiChIP-seq experiments revealed mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAP3K8) to be an SE-associated gene with chromosome interactions in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) cells. CRISPRi mediated repression of the MAP3K8 SEs attenuated MAP3K8 expression and EBVaGC cell proliferation. The results were validated by treating EBVaGC cells with bromodomain and the extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibitor, OTX015. Further, functional analysis of MAP3K8 in EBVaGC revealed that silencing MAP3K8 could inhibit the cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration of EBVaGC cells. RNA-seq and pathway analysis indicated that knocking down MAP3K8 obstructed the notch signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in EBVaGC cells. Further, analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and GSE51575 databases exhibited augmented MAP3K8 expression in gastric cancer and it was found to be inversely correlated with the disease-free progression of GC. Moreover, Spearman's correlation revealed that MAP3K8 expression was positively correlated with the expressions of notch pathway and EMT related genes, such as, Notch1, Notch2, C-terminal binding protein 2 (CTBP2), alpha smooth muscle actin isotype 2 (ACTA2), transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFβR1), and snail family transcriptional repressors 1/2 (SNAI1/SNAI2) in GC. Taken together, we are the first to functionally interrogate the mechanism of SE-mediated regulation of MAP3K8 in EBVaGC cell lines.
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15
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Röcken C. Predictive biomarkers in gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:467-481. [PMID: 36260159 PMCID: PMC9889517 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Predictive biomarkers are the mainstay of precision medicine. This review summarizes the advancements in tissue-based diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer, which is considered the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A disease seen in the elderly, it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, thereby limiting therapeutic options. In Western countries, neoadjuvant/perioperative (radio-)chemotherapy is administered, and adjuvant chemotherapy is administered in the East. The morpho-molecular classification of gastric cancer has opened novel avenues identifying Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV)-positive, microsatellite instable, genomically stable and chromosomal instable gastric cancers. In chromosomal instable tumors, receptor tyrosine kinases (RKTs) (e.g., EGFR, FGFR2, HER2, and MET) are frequently overexpressed. Gastric cancers such as microsatellite instable and EBV-positive types often express immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-L1 and VISTA. Genomically stable tumors show alterations in claudin 18.2. Next-generation sequencing is increasingly being used to search for druggable targets in advanced palliative settings. However, most tissue-based biomarkers of gastric cancer carry the risk of a sampling error due to intratumoral heterogeneity, and adequate tissue sampling is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 14, Haus U33, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Wei J, Wang M, Li G. Cancer-associated fibroblasts, and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1048922. [PMID: 36874089 PMCID: PMC9981791 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1048922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically evaluate the relationship between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer, so as to provide new directions and clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library to identify studies on the correlation between tumor-associated fibroblasts and the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Two researchers screened the literature independently to extract data, evaluated the quality of the included studies, and used the Review Manager 5.4 software to perform a meta-analysis. Results A total of 14 studies involving a total of 2,703 patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that high expression of CAFs was associated with stage III-IV gastric cancer (relative risk ratio [RR]=1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.24-2.04]; P=0.0003), lymph node metastasis (RR=1.51; 95% CI: [1.23-1.87]; P=0.0001), serosal infiltration (RR=1.56, 95% CI: [1.24-1.95]; P=0.0001), diffuse and mixed types in Lauren classification (RR=1.43; 95% CI: [1.18-1.74]; P=0.0003), vascular invasion (RR=1.99; 95% CI: [1.26-3.14]; P=0.003), and overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]=1.38; 95% CI: [1.22-1.56]; P<0.00001). However, the high expression of CAFs was not significantly correlated with poorly differentiated gastric cancer (RR=1.03; 95% CI: [0.96-1.10]; P=0.45) and gastric cancer with tumor diameter >5 cm (RR=1.34; 95% CI: [0.98-1.83]; P=0.07). Conclusion The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrated that high expression of CAFs is closely associated with the traditional pathological indicators related to poor prognosis in gastric cancer, and is a valuable prognostic factor in this setting. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022358165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- Cancer Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Xu M, Zhang T, Xia R, Wei Y, Wei X. Targeting the tumor stroma for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:208. [PMID: 36324128 PMCID: PMC9628074 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are comprised of both cancer cells and surrounding stromal components. As an essential part of the tumor microenvironment, the tumor stroma is highly dynamic, heterogeneous and commonly tumor-type specific, and it mainly includes noncellular compositions such as the extracellular matrix and the unique cancer-associated vascular system as well as a wide variety of cellular components including activated cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells, pericytes. All these elements operate with each other in a coordinated fashion and collectively promote cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have been conducted to study the interaction and crosstalk between stromal components and neoplastic cells. Meanwhile, we have also witnessed an exponential increase in the investigation and recognition of the critical roles of tumor stroma in solid tumors. A series of clinical trials targeting the tumor stroma have been launched continually. In this review, we introduce and discuss current advances in the understanding of various stromal elements and their roles in cancers. We also elaborate on potential novel approaches for tumor-stroma-based therapeutic targeting, with the aim to promote the leap from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosen Xu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Zhao B, Li H, Xia Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shi Y, Xing H, Qu T, Wang Y, Ma W. Immune checkpoint of B7-H3 in cancer: from immunology to clinical immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:153. [PMID: 36284349 PMCID: PMC9597993 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cancer is a rapidly developing treatment that modifies the immune system and enhances the antitumor immune response. B7-H3 (CD276), a member of the B7 family that plays an immunoregulatory role in the T cell response, has been highlighted as a novel potential target for cancer immunotherapy. B7-H3 has been shown to play an inhibitory role in T cell activation and proliferation, participate in tumor immune evasion and influence both the immune response and tumor behavior through different signaling pathways. B7-H3 expression has been found to be aberrantly upregulated in many different cancer types, and an association between B7-H3 expression and poor prognosis has been established. Immunotherapy targeting B7-H3 through different approaches has been developing rapidly, and many ongoing clinical trials are exploring the safety and efficacy profiles of these therapies in cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging research on the function and underlying pathways of B7-H3, the expression and roles of B7-H3 in different cancer types, and the advances in B7-H3-targeted therapy. Considering different tumor microenvironment characteristics and results from preclinical models to clinical practice, the research indicates that B7-H3 is a promising target for future immunotherapy, which might eventually contribute to an improvement in cancer immunotherapy that will benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanzhang Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Xia
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaning Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Shi
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Xing
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Qu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Sun H, Wang X, Wang X, Xu M, Sheng W. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:874. [PMID: 36244987 PMCID: PMC9573863 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in anticancer therapy, the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) remains unsatisfactory. Research in recent years has shown that the malignant behavior of cancer is not only attributable to tumor cells but is partly mediated by the activity of the cancer stroma and controlled by various molecular networks in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant mesenchymal cell components of the stroma and extensively participate in the malignant development of GC malignancy. CAFs modulate the biological properties of tumor cells in multiple ways, including the secretion of various bioactive molecules that have effects through paracrine and autocrine signaling, the release of exosomes, and direct interactions, thereby affecting GC initiation and development. However, there is marked heterogeneity in the cellular origins, phenotypes, and functions of CAFs in the TME of GC. Furthermore, variations in factors, such as proteins, microRNAs, and lncRNAs, affect interactions between CAFs and GC cells, although, the potential molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this review, we aim to describe the current knowledge of the cellular features and heterogeneity of CAFs and discuss how these factors are regulated in CAFs, with a focus on how they affect GC biology. This review provides mechanistic insight that could inform therapeutic strategies and improve the prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Midie Xu
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Sheng
- grid.452404.30000 0004 1808 0942Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
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20
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Hu B, Qian X, Qian P, Xu G, Jin X, Chen D, Xu L, Tang J, Wu W, Li W, Zhang J. Advances in the functions of CTRP6 in the development and progression of the malignancy. Front Genet 2022; 13:985077. [PMID: 36313428 PMCID: PMC9596804 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.985077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CTRP6, a member of the C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) family, has gained increasing scientific interest because of its regulatory role in tumor progression. Previous studies have shown that CTRP6 is closely involved in regulating various pathophysiological processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. To date, CTRP6 has been identified as related to eight different malignancies, including lung cancer, oral cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, and ovarian cancer. CTRP6 is reported to be associated with tumor progression by activating a series of related signal networks. This review article mainly discusses the biochemistry and pleiotropic pathophysiological functions of CTRP6 as a new molecular mediator in carcinogenesis, hoping that the information summarized herein could make a modest contribution to the development of novel cancer treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Long Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanlu Li, ; Jin Zhang,
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanlu Li, ; Jin Zhang,
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21
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Chakravarthy A, Reddin I, Henderson S, Dong C, Kirkwood N, Jeyakumar M, Rodriguez DR, Martinez NG, McDermott J, Su X, Egawa N, Fjeldbo CS, Skingen VE, Lyng H, Halle MK, Krakstad C, Soleiman A, Sprung S, Lechner M, Ellis PJI, Wass M, Michaelis M, Fiegl H, Salvesen H, Thomas GJ, Doorbar J, Chester K, Feber A, Fenton TR. Integrated analysis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma cohorts from three continents reveals conserved subtypes of prognostic significance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5818. [PMID: 36207323 PMCID: PMC9547055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Here we present an integrated multi-omic analysis of 643 cervical squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC, the most common histological variant of cervical cancer), representing patient populations from the USA, Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa and identify two CSCC subtypes (C1 and C2) with differing prognosis. C1 and C2 tumours can be driven by either of the two most common HPV types in cervical cancer (16 and 18) and while HPV16 and HPV18 are overrepresented among C1 and C2 tumours respectively, the prognostic difference between groups is not due to HPV type. C2 tumours, which comprise approximately 20% of CSCCs across these cohorts, display distinct genomic alterations, including loss or mutation of the STK11 tumour suppressor gene, increased expression of several immune checkpoint genes and differences in the tumour immune microenvironment that may explain the shorter survival associated with this group. In conclusion, we identify two therapy-relevant CSCC subtypes that share the same defining characteristics across three geographically diverse cohorts. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known cause of cervical cancer. Here, the authors perform a multi-omic analysis using published cervical squamous cell carcinoma cohorts from the USA, Europe, and SubSaharan Africa and identify two cervical squamous cell carcinoma subtypes that display prognostic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Chakravarthy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Reddin
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen Henderson
- UCL Cancer Institute, Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cindy Dong
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Nerissa Kirkwood
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Maxmilan Jeyakumar
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Nagayasau Egawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Heidi Lyng
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kyllesø Halle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Afschin Soleiman
- INNPATH, Institute of Pathology, Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Sprung
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matt Lechner
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J I Ellis
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Mark Wass
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Heidi Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helga Salvesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerry Chester
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrew Feber
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital Trust, London, UK. .,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Tim R Fenton
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK. .,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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22
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Kim NI, Park MH, Cho N, Lee JS. Comparison of the Clinicopathologic Features and T-Cell Infiltration of B7-H3 and B7-H4 Expression in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Subtypes. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:246-256. [PMID: 35384874 PMCID: PMC8989634 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously we revealed an upregulated expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein in breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, little is known regarding the clinical impact and value of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in TNBC subtypes. Thus, this study evaluated the clinicopathologic effects of B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein expression according to the TNBC subtypes. RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of B7-H3 and B7-H4 was done for 186 TNBC samples using tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry was also performed for TNBC molecular subtype-surrogate markers, CD3, and CD8. TNBCs were classified into basal-like (BL) (64.5%), luminal androgen receptor (10.8%), and unclassifiable (24.7%) subtypes. Tumor B7-H4 mRNA expression was associated with younger age at the initial diagnosis and with molecular TNBC subtypes. Expression of B7-H3 mRNA and protein in the tumor cells was negatively correlated with CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration density in the tumor and/or stromal region of TNBCs and their subtypes. High stromal B7-H3 mRNA expression was associated with poor disease-free and overall survival in the TNBCs and with overall survival in the unclassifiable subtype. Stromal B7-H3 mRNA expression was independently associated with overall survival and disease-free survival in the TNBCs and BL subtype, respectively. Our results indicate the importance of the stromal expression of B7-H3 mRNA as a prognostic factor in the TNBCs and BL subtype. The inverse relationship between B7-H3 expression and CD3+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte infiltration represents a promising target for immunotherapy for the TNBCs, especially the BL subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Ho Park
- Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School
| | - NamKi Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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23
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Natural Compounds Targeting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts against Digestive System Tumor Progression: Therapeutic Insights. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030713. [PMID: 35327514 PMCID: PMC8945097 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical for cancer occurrence and progression in the tumor microenvironment (TME), due to their versatile roles in extracellular matrix remodeling, tumor–stroma crosstalk, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. CAFs are the most abundant stromal component in the TME and undergo epigenetic modification and abnormal signaling cascade activation, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Wnt pathways that maintain the distinct phenotype of CAFs, which differs from normal fibroblasts. CAFs have been considered therapeutic targets due to their putative oncogenic functions. Current digestive system cancer treatment strategies often result in lower survival outcomes and fail to prevent cancer progression; therefore, comprehensive characterization of the tumor-promoting and -restraining CAF activities might facilitate the design of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the enormous literature on natural compounds that mediate the crosstalk of CAFs with digestive system cancer cells, discuss how the biology and the multifaceted functions of CAFs contribute to cancer progression, and finally, pave the way for CAF-related antitumor therapies.
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24
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Zhang C, Wang F, Sun N, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Luo Y, Che Y, Cheng H, Li J, He J. The combination of novel immune checkpoints HHLA2 and ICOSLG: A new system to predict survival and immune features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Dis 2022; 9:415-428. [PMID: 35224157 PMCID: PMC8843897 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting B7-CD28 family pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have shown promising results. However, a comprehensive understanding of B7-CD28 family members in ESCC is still limited. This study aimed to construct a novel B7-CD28 family-based prognosis system to predict survival in patients with ESCC. We collected 179 cases from our previously published microarray data and 86 cases with qPCR data. Specifically, 119 microarray data (GSE53624) were used as a training set, whereas the remaining 60 microarray data (GSE53622), all 179 microarray data (GSE53625) and an independent cohort with 86 qPCR data were used for validation. The underlying mechanism and immune landscape of the system were also explored using bioinformatics and immunofluorescence. We examined 13 well-defined B7-CD28 family members and identified 2 genes (ICSOLG and HHLA2) with the greatest prognostic value. A system based on the combination HHLA2 and ICOSLG (B7-CD28 signature) was constructed to distinguish patients as high- or low-risk of an unfavorable outcome, which was further confirmed as an independent prognostic factor. As expected, the signature was well validated in the entire cohort and in the independent cohort, as well as in different clinical subgroups. The signature was found to be closely related to immune-specific biological processes and pathways. Additionally, high-risk group samples demonstrated high infiltration of Tregs and fibroblasts and distinctive immune checkpoint panels. Collectively, we built the first, practical B7-CD28 signature for ESCC that could independently identify high-risk patients. Such information may help inform immunotherapy-based treatment decisions for patients with ESCC.
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25
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Expression of Immune Checkpoints in Malignant Tumors: Therapy Targets and Biomarkers for the Gastric Cancer Prognosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122370. [PMID: 34943606 PMCID: PMC8700640 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase the effectiveness of anticancer therapy based on immune checkpoint (IC) inhibition, some ICs are being investigated in addition to those used in clinic. We reviewed data on the relationship between PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4, IDO1, Galectin-3 and -9, CEACAM1, CD155, Siglec-15 and ADAM17 expression with cancer development in complex with the results of clinical trials on their inhibition. Increased expression of the most studied ICs—PD-L1, B7-H3, and B7-H4—is associated with poor survival; their inhibition is clinically significant. Expression of IDO1, CD155, and ADAM17 is also associated with poor survival, including gastric cancer (GC). The available data indicate that CD155 and ADAM17 are promising targets for immune therapy. However, the clinical trials of anti-IDO1 antibodies have been unsatisfactory. Expression of Galectin-3 and -9, CEACAM1 and Siglec-15 demonstrates a contradictory relationship with patient survival. The lack of satisfactory results of these IC inhibitor clinical trials additionally indicates the complex nature of their functioning. In conclusion, in many cases it is important to analyze the expression of other participants of the immune response besides target IC. The PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4, IDO1 and ADAM17 may be considered as candidates for prognosis markers for GC patient survival.
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26
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Feng R, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Zhang W. The role of B7-H3 in tumors and its potential in clinical application. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108153. [PMID: 34678689 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B7-H3 (CD276 molecule) is an immune checkpoint from the B7 family of molecules that acts more as a co-inhibitory molecule to promote tumor progression. It is abnormally expressed on tumor cells and can be induced to express on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), B7-H3 promotes tumor progression by impairing T cell response, promoting the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to M2, inhibiting the function of DCs, and promoting the migration and invasion of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In addition, through non-immunological functions, B7-H3 promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, resistance, angiogenesis, and metabolism, or in the form of exosomes to promote tumor progression. In this process, microRNAs can regulate the expression of B7-H3. B7-H3 may serve as a potential biomarker for tumor diagnosis and a marker of poor prognosis. Immunotherapy targeting B7-H3 and the combination of B7-H3 and other immune checkpoints have shown certain efficacy. In this review, we summarized the basic characteristics of B7-H3 and its mechanism to promote tumor progression by inducing immunosuppression and non-immunological functions, as well as the potential clinical applications of B7-H3 and immunotherapy based on B7-H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Andrology, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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27
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Gao Y, Sun Z, Gu J, Li Z, Xu X, Xue C, Li X, Zhao L, Zhou J, Bai C, Han Q, Zhao RC. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote the Upregulation of PD-L1 Expression Through Akt Phosphorylation in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:748465. [PMID: 34868949 PMCID: PMC8640083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.748465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins is one of the main mechanisms for tumor immune escape. The expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is higher than in normal colorectal epithelial tissue, and patients with higher PD-L1 expression have a poorer prognosis. Additionally, PD-L1 expression in CRC is affected by the tumor microenvironment (TME). As a major component of the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can act as immune regulators and generate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we speculated that CAFs may be related to the upregulation of PD-L1 in CRC, which leads to tumor immune escape. We found that CAFs upregulate PD-L1 expression in CRC cells through AKT phosphorylation, thereby reducing the killing of CRC cells by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The ratio of CAFs to CRC cells was positively correlated with AKT phosphorylation and the expression of PD-L1 in CRC in vitro. Consistent with the in vitro results, high CAF content and high expression of PD-L1 were negatively correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) of CRC patients. These results indicate that the upregulation of PD-L1 expression in CRC by CAFs through the activation of Akt is one of the molecular mechanisms of tumor immune escape. Thus, targeted anti-CAF therapy may help improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Xu
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Xue
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Li Z, Zhang X, Liu C, Ma J. Non-immune Cell Components in the Gastrointestinal Tumor Microenvironment Influencing Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729941. [PMID: 34722510 PMCID: PMC8549829 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of genetic susceptibility factors, immune microenvironment, and microbial factors contribute to gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. The suppressive immune microenvironment reshaped by the tumors during gastrointestinal tumorigenesis directly contributes to T-cell depletion in tumor immunotherapy. Soluble factors secreted by tumor cells or stromal cells collectively shape the suppressive immune environment. Here, we reviewed the key factors in the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment that influence tumor immunotherapy, focusing on the effects of fibroblasts, neuronal cells, soluble cytokines, exosomes, and the microbiome in tumor microenvironment. Research in this field has helped to identify more precise and effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the era of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshuo Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
| | - Can Liu
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, China
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29
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Mao X, Xu J, Wang W, Liang C, Hua J, Liu J, Zhang B, Meng Q, Yu X, Shi S. Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:131. [PMID: 34635121 PMCID: PMC8504100 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 784] [Impact Index Per Article: 261.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Through multiple pathways, activated CAFs can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, along with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and even chemoresistance. Numerous previous studies have confirmed the critical role of the interaction between CAFs and tumor cells in tumorigenesis and development. However, recently, the mutual effects of CAFs and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have been identified as another key factor in promoting tumor progression. The TIME mainly consists of distinct immune cell populations in tumor islets and is highly associated with the antitumor immunological state in the TME. CAFs interact with tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as other immune components within the TIME via the secretion of various cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, exosomes and other effector molecules, consequently shaping an immunosuppressive TME that enables cancer cells to evade surveillance of the immune system. In-depth studies of CAFs and immune microenvironment interactions, particularly the complicated mechanisms connecting CAFs with immune cells, might provide novel strategies for subsequent targeted immunotherapies. Herein, we shed light on recent advances regarding the direct and indirect crosstalk between CAFs and infiltrating immune cells and further summarize the possible immunoinhibitory mechanisms induced by CAFs in the TME. In addition, we present current related CAF-targeting immunotherapies and briefly describe some future perspectives on CAF research in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Mao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Bolandi N, Derakhshani A, Hemmat N, Baghbanzadeh A, Asadzadeh Z, Afrashteh Nour M, Brunetti O, Bernardini R, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The Positive and Negative Immunoregulatory Role of B7 Family: Promising Novel Targets in Gastric Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910719. [PMID: 34639059 PMCID: PMC8509619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), with a heterogeneous nature, is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Over the past few decades, stable reductions in the incidence of GC have been observed. However, due to the poor response to common treatments and late diagnosis, this cancer is still considered one of the lethal cancers. Emerging methods such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the landscape of treatment for GC patients. There are presently eleven known members of the B7 family as immune checkpoint molecules: B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274), B7-DC (PDCD1LG2, PD-L2, CD273), B7-H2 (B7RP1, ICOS-L, CD275), B7-H3 (CD276), B7-H4 (B7x, B7S1, Vtcn1), B7-H5 (VISTA, Gi24, DD1α, Dies1 SISP1), B7-H6 (NCR3LG1), B7-H7 (HHLA2), and Ig-like domain-containing receptor 2 (ILDR2). Interaction of the B7 family of immune-regulatory ligands with the corresponding receptors resulted in the induction and inhibition of T cell responses by sending co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals, respectively. Manipulation of the signals provided by the B7 family has significant potential in the management of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bolandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Mina Afrashteh Nour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 571478334, Iran
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit—IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +98-413-3371440 (B.B.); Fax: +98-413-3371311 (B.B.)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran; (N.B.); (A.D.); (N.H.); (A.B.); (Z.A.); (M.A.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +98-413-3371440 (B.B.); Fax: +98-413-3371311 (B.B.)
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Huang L, Zhou Y, Sun Q, Cao L, Zhang X. Evaluation of the role of soluble B7-H3 in association with membrane B7-H3 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 33:123-129. [PMID: 34459388 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is one of the most common malignancies. Increasing data have indicated a correlation between soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) levels and tumor malignancies. In this study, we aim to investigate the level of soluble B7-H3 in serum of GAC patients. Further, we analyze the correlation between sB7-H3 level and tissue B7-H3 expression and explore the clinical evaluation value of sB7-H3 associated with pathological characteristics and prognosis of GAC patients. METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight serum and tissue samples of GAC 20 serum and tissue samples of gastritis patients and 77 serum, 5 tissue samples of healthy controls were collected. The serum levels of sB7-H3 were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the expression of membrane B7-H3 (mB7-H3) and Ki67 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between sB7-H3 and mB7-H3, sB7-H3 and Ki67, sB7-H3 or mB7-H3 and clinical features were analyzed by Pearson's Chi-square test. RESULTS Both serum level of sB7-H3 and tissue B7-H3 of GAC patients were significantly higher than those of gastritis patients and healthy controls. sB7-H3 level was correlated with total B7-H3 expression in tissues (r= 0.2801, P= 0.0014). Notably, the concentration of sB7-H3 was correlated with its expression of membrane form in tumor cells (r= 0.3251, P= 0.002) while not in stromal cells (r= 0.07676, P= 0.3891). Moreover, the levels of sB7-H3 in patients with TNM stage III/IV or with Infiltration depth T3/T4 or with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those of patients with TNM stage I/II (P= 0.0020) or with Infiltration depth T1/T2 (P= 0.0169) or with no lymph node metastasis (P= 0.0086). Tumor B7-H3 score, but not stromal B7-H3 score, in patients with TNM stage III/IV or with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than those with TNM stage I/II (P= 0.0150) or with no lymph node metastasis (P= 0.182). CONCLUSIONS Soluble B7-H3 level may reflect the tissue B7-H3 expression on tumor cells of GAC tissues. Elevated level of sB7-H3 in serum suggests poor clinical pathological characteristics of GAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The AoYang Cancer Research Institute of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuwei Sun
- The AoYang Cancer Research Institute of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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32
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Rasic P, Jovanovic-Tucovic M, Jeremic M, Djuricic SM, Vasiljevic ZV, Milickovic M, Savic D. B7 homologue 3 as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in gastrointestinal tumors. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:799-821. [PMID: 34457187 PMCID: PMC8371522 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i8.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common digestive system (DS) cancers, including tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) such as colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC) as well as tumors of DS accessory organs such as pancreatic and liver cancer, are responsible for more than one-third of all cancer-related deaths worldwide, despite the progress that has been achieved in anticancer therapy. Due to these limitations in treatment strategies, oncological research has taken outstanding steps towards a better understanding of cancer cell biological complexity and heterogeneity. These studies led to new molecular target-driven therapeutic approaches. Different in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed significant expression of B7 homologue 3 (B7-H3) among the most common cancers of the GIT, including CRC, GC, and EC, whereas B7-H3 expression in normal healthy tissue of these organs was shown to be absent or minimal. This molecule is able to influence the biological behavior of GIT tumors through the various immunological and nonimmunological molecular mechanisms, and some of them are shown to be the result of B7-H3-related induction of signal transduction pathways, such as Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. B7-H3 exerts an important role in progression, metastasis and resistance to anticancer therapy in these tumors. In addition, the results of many studies suggest that B7-H3 stimulates immune evasion in GIT tumors by suppressing antitumor immune response. Accordingly, it was observed that experimental depletion or inhibition of B7-H3 in gastrointestinal cancers improved antitumor immune response, impaired tumor progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis and decreased resistance to anticancer therapy. Finally, the high expression of B7-H3 in most common cancers of the GIT was shown to be associated with poor prognosis. In this review, we summarize the established data from different GIT cancer-related studies and suggest that the B7-H3 molecule could be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for anticancer immunotherapy in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Rasic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Maja Jovanovic-Tucovic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Marija Jeremic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Slavisa M Djuricic
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka 78 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zorica V Vasiljevic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Maja Milickovic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Djordje Savic
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr. Vukan Cupic“, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
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33
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Michelakos T, Kontos F, Barakat O, Maggs L, Schwab JH, Ferrone CR, Ferrone S. B7-H3 targeted antibody-based immunotherapy of malignant diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:587-602. [PMID: 33301369 PMCID: PMC8087627 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Recent advances in immuno-oncology and bioengineering have rekindled the interest in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapies for malignancies. Crucial for their success is the identification of tumor antigens (TAs) that can serve as targets. B7-H3, a member of the B7 ligand family, represents such a TA. Although its exact functions and receptor(s) remain unclear, B7-H3 has predominantly a pro-tumorigenic effect mainly by suppressing the anti-tumor functions of T-cells.Areas covered: Initially we present a historical perspective on TA-specific antibodies for diagnosis and treatment of malignancies. Following a description of the TA requirements to be an attractive antibody-based immunotherapy target, we show that B7-H3 fulfills these criteria. We discuss its structure and functions. In a review and pooled analysis, we describe the limited B7-H3 expression in normal tissues and estimate B7-H3 expression frequency in tumors, tumor-associated vasculature and cancer initiating cells (CICs). Lastly, we discuss the association of B7-H3 expression in tumors with poor prognosis.Expert opinion: B7-H3 is an attractive target for mAb-based cancer immunotherapy. B7-H3-targeting strategies are expected to be highly effective and - importantly - safe. To fully exploit the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of B7-H3, its expression in pre-malignant lesions, serum, metastases, and CICs requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Michelakos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippos Kontos
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar Barakat
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke Maggs
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph H Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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34
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Depleting Tumor Cells Expressing Immune Checkpoint Ligands-A New Approach to Combat Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040872. [PMID: 33921301 PMCID: PMC8069236 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules (ICPMs), referred to as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have gained a prominent place in cancer therapy. Several ICIs in clinical use have been engineered to be devoid of effector functions because of the fear that ICIs with preserved effector functions could deplete immune cells, thereby curtailing antitumor immune responses. ICPM ligands (ICPMLs), however, are often overexpressed on a sizeable fraction of tumor cells of many tumor types and these tumor cells display an aggressive phenotype with changes typical of tumor cells undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, immune cells expressing ICPMLs are often endowed with immunosuppressive or immune-deviated functionalities. Taken together, these observations suggest that compounds with the potential of depleting cells expressing ICPMLs may become useful tools for tumor therapy. In this article, we summarize the current state of the art of these compounds, including avelumab, which is the only ICI targeting an ICPML with preserved effector functions that has gained approval so far. We also discuss approaches allowing to obtain compounds with enhanced tumor cell-depleting potential compared to native antibodies. Eventually, we propose treatment protocols that may be applied in order to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of compounds that deplete cells expressing ICPMLs.
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35
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Ulase D, Behrens HM, Krüger S, Zeissig S, Röcken C. Gastric Carcinomas with Stromal B7-H3 Expression Have Lower Intratumoural CD8+ T Cell Density. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042129. [PMID: 33669921 PMCID: PMC7924590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the main effector cells of anti-cancer immune response that can be regulated by various costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules, including members of the B7 family. B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) appears as a promising marker for immunotherapy; however, its significance in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear yet. We evaluated the spatial distribution of CD8+ T cells in relation to the expression of B7-H3 by double immunohistochemical staining. The level of B7-H3 intensity was scored manually (0–3) and dichotomized into B7-H3-low and B7-H3-high groups. The distribution and density of CD8+ T cells was analysed using whole slide digital imaging. B7-H3 was expressed mainly in the stromal compartment of GC (n = 73, 76% of all cases). Tumours with high expression of B7-H3 showed larger spatial differences of CD8+ T cells (86.4/mm2 in tumour centre vs. 414.9/mm2 in invasive front) when compared to B7-H3-low group (157.7/mm2 vs. 218.7/mm2, respectively) (p < 0.001). This study provides insight into the expression pattern of B7-H3 in GC of Western origin. In GCs with higher level of B7-H3 expression, CD8+ T cells were spatially suppressed in the tumour centre suggesting that B7-H3 might be involved in tumour escape mechanisms from the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Ulase
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.U.); (H.-M.B.); (S.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Hans-Michael Behrens
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.U.); (H.-M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.U.); (H.-M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.U.); (H.-M.B.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-50015501
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36
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Zhang C, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Wang F, Che Y, Fang L, Zhang Y, Sun N, He J. Identification of a Prognostic Immune Signature for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Predict Survival and Inflammatory Landscapes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580005. [PMID: 33392181 PMCID: PMC7773787 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has achieved success in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, studies concerning immune phenotypes within the ESCC microenvironment and their relationship with prognostic outcomes are limited. We constructed and validated an individual immune-related risk signature for patients with ESCC. We collected 196 ESCC cases, including 119 samples from our previous public data (GSE53624) to use as a training set and an independent cohort with 77 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data, which we used for validation. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) cohorts were also collected for validation. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model and a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to construct the immune-specific signature. The potential mechanism and inflammatory landscapes of the signature were explored using bioinformatics and immunofluorescence assay methods. This signature predicted different prognoses in clinical subgroups and the independent cohort, as well as in patients with HNSCC and LUSC. Further exploration revealed that the signature was associated with specific inflammatory activities (activation of macrophages and T-cell signaling transduction). Additionally, high-risk patients exhibited distinctive immune checkpoints panel and higher regulatory T cell and fibroblast infiltration. This signature served as an independent prognostic factor in ESCC. This was the first applicable immune-related risk signature for ESCC. Our results furnished new hints of immune profiling of ESCC, which may provide some clues to further optimize associated cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejun Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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