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Zhang T, Yi Q, Huang W, Feng J, Liu H. New insights into the roles of Irisin in diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116631. [PMID: 38663105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease in the 21st century due to increased lifespan and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Extensive research indicates that exercise can play a significant role in regulating systemic metabolism by improving energy metabolism and mitigating various metabolic disorders, including DM. Irisin, a well-known exerkine, was initially reported to enhance energy expenditure by indicating the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Irisin on glucose dysmetabolism, including reducing gluconeogenesis, enhancing insulin energy expenditure, and promoting glycogenesis. Additionally, we highlight Irisin's potential to improve diabetic vascular diseases by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production, reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress, curbing inflammation, and attenuating endothelial cell aging. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Irisin to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing cardiomyocyte loss and reducing myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Given Irisin's promising functions in managing diabetic cardiomyopathy and vascular diseases, targeting Irisin for therapeutic purposes could be a fruitful avenue for future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Zhang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Collage of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The Third People's Hospital of Longmatan District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Kowalik S, O'reilly M, Niedźwiedź A, Kędzierski W. Equine Asthma Does Not Affect Circulating Myostatin Concentrations in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:799. [PMID: 38473184 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The number of horses suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, resembling human asthma, is increasing but there is still a lack of reliable and accurate methods to detect these disorders. Numerous studies have found elevated plasma concentrations of one of the myokines, namely, myostatin (MSTN), in people suffering from severe asthma. MSTN normally inhibits myoblast proliferation and differentiation through autocrine or paracrine signals. Therefore, given the pathogenesis of asthma, we hypothesize that MSTN could be a useful biomarker of equine asthma. Thus, this study aimed to compare the concentration of MSTN in the blood plasma of fully healthy and asthmatic horses. (2) Methods: A total of 61 horses were clinically examined to confirm or exclude the occurrence of equine asthma, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cytology performed on 49 horses. This study included three groups of horses, two of which were clinically healthy, and one of which was asthmatic. (3) Results: The mean circulatory MSTN concentration determined using the ELISA method in asthmatic horses was significantly higher than that in clinically healthy young Thoroughbred racehorses (p < 0.05), but it did not differ as compared to the group of healthy, adult leisure horses. (4) Conclusions: The obtained results did not unambiguously support our original hypothesis that MSTM may be a reliable marker for the early diagnosis of equine asthma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the plasma MSTN concentration in equine asthma patients, and therefore further studies are needed to confirm our novel findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maisie O'reilly
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Niedźwiedź
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Riahy S. The effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on FGF21, irisin, and myostatin in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Growth Factors 2024; 42:24-35. [PMID: 37945531 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2023.2279163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on irisin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and myostatin (MSTN) among men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty-five adult men with T2DM were randomly selected and assigned to receive and perform HIIT (4 × 4 min at 85-95% HRmax with three min of active rest at 50-60% HRmax in between) and MICT (walking/running continuously for 47 min at 60-70% HRmax) three sessions per week for 12 weeks, or to act as a non-exercise control (CON) group. The subjects' blood samples were collected at baseline and 48 hours after the last intervention session. Our research revealed that both interventions resulted in similar decreases in FGF21 and MSTN when compared to the CON (p < .01). However, only the HIIT group showed a significant increase in irisin (p < .01) compared to the CON. Further, improvements in insulin resistance, body composition, and VO2 peak were noted in both intervention groups compared with those of the CON group (p < .01). It seems that while either aerobic exercise strategy could be seen as a therapy for men with T2DM, HIIT had a more advantageous effect on the irisin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Riahy
- Clinical Biomechanics and Ergonomics Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dell Aquila LP, Morales A, Moreira P, Cendoroglo MS, Elias RM, Dalboni MA. Prospective effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on irisin levels in sedentary postmenopausal women: A pilot study. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2023; 34:100324. [PMID: 37736331 PMCID: PMC10510082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2023.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In postmenopausal women, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with disability, low muscle mass and fractures. Irisin is an important myokine that may contribute to the maintenance of muscle and bone density. Vitamin D is associated with the growth and function of muscle tissue through interactions between the vitamin D receptor and PGC-1α and activation of p38/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) in muscle, a mechanism similar to irisin action. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on serum irisin levels in sedentary postmenopausal women with hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL). Material and methods 80 sedentary postmenopausal women with hypovitaminosis D and low sun exposure were supplemented with cholecalciferol (30,000 IU/month) for 12 months. Calcium, parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and irisin levels were measured before and after supplementation. Results 25(OH) vitamin D increased in all participants. Serum levels of irisin increased (from 0.52 ± 0.27 to 0.80 ± 0.53; p < 0.003), accompanied by a decrease in AP (from 80 ± 24 to 66 ± 23; p < 0.001). Conclusions Restoration of vitamin D status increased serum irisin levels in sedentary postmenopausal women. Whether increased serum irisin levels may have an impact on clinical outcomes deserves further evaluation.
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Hooshmand-Moghadam B, Johne M, Golestani F, Lorenz K, Asadi M, Maculewicz E, Mastalerz A. Effects of soy milk ingestion immediately after resistance training on muscular-related biomarkers in older men: a randomized controlled trial. Biol Sport 2023; 40:1207-1217. [PMID: 37867735 PMCID: PMC10588584 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.123894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of soy milk ingestion on changes in body composition, strength, power, and muscular-related biomarkers following 12 weeks of resistance training in older men. Thirty healthy older men (age = 65.63 ± 3.16 years; body mass = 62.63 ± 3.86 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: soy milk + resistance training (SR) or placebo + resistance training (PR). Participants in the SR group received 240 ml of vanilla-flavoured non-dairy soy milk immediately after every training session and at the same time on non-training days. Differences in muscle mass, upper limb body strength (UBS), lower limb aerobic power (LAP), activin A, and GDF15 were significantly greater in the SR group vs. the PR group (P < 0.05). Both intervention groups experienced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in body mass (PR = -3.9 kg; SR = -3.2 kg), body fat % (PR = -0.8%; SR = -1.2%), activin A (PR = -5.1 pg/ml; SR = -12.8 pg/ml), GDF15 (PR = -8.1 pg/ml; SR = -14.7 pg/ml), TGFβ1 (PR = -0.43 pg/ml; SR = -0.41 pg/ml), and increase in muscle mass (PR = 0.81 kg; SR = 2.5 kg), UBS (PR = 3.4 kg; SR = 6.7 kg), lower limb body strength (PR = 2.8 kg; SR = 5.2 kg), upper limb aerobic power (PR = 34.3 W; SR = 38.6 W), LAP (PR = 23.2 W; SR = 45.2 W), BDNF (PR = 8.3 ng/ml; SR = 12.7 ng/ml), and irisin (PR = 1.5 ng/ml; SR = 2.9 ng/ml) compared to baseline. The ingestion of soy milk during 12 weeks of resistance training augmented lean mass, strength, and power, and altered serum concentrations of skeletal muscle regulatory markers in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Johne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fateme Golestani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Lorenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monireh Asadi
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ewelina Maculewicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mastalerz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Alipoor E, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Salmani M, Rezaei M, Namkhah Z, Ahmadpanahi M, Jenab Y, Alidoosti M, Yaseri M. The relationship of circulating neuregulin 4 and irisin, and traditional and novel cardiometabolic risk factors with the risk and severity of coronary artery disease. Cytokine 2023; 170:156314. [PMID: 37591135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) and irisin are adipokines that have been suggested to be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD), but the data are inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating NRG4 and irisin and cardiometabolic risk factors with CAD risk and severity. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional study, the presence of CAD and the severity of stenosis (gensini score) were documented based on coronary angiography in 166 adults. Circulating NRG4 and irisin, glucose homeostasis markers, hs-CRP, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements were assessed as well. Age (p = 0.005), sex (p = 0.008), SBP (p = 0.033), DBP (p = 0.04), MAP (p = 0.018), FBG (p = 0.012), insulin (p = 0.039) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with odds of having CAD. The final logistic regression model showed that age, sex, HOMA-IR, and MAP were the most important determinants of having CAD. There were no significant associations between circulating irisin and NRG4 with odds of having CAD. The final general linear model showed that being men (β = 17.303, 95% CI: 7.086-27.52, P = 0.001), age (Aβ = 0.712, 95% CI: 0.21-1.214, P = 0.006), HOMA-IR (Aβ = 2.168, 95% CI: 0.256 to 4.079, P = 0.027), and NRG4 level (β = 1.836, 95% CI: 0.119-3.553, P = 0.036) were directly associated with higher gensini score. Participants with the three-vessel disease had a mean increase of about 5 units in circulating irisin compared to those with no clinical CAD (β = 5.221, 95% CI: 0.454-9.987, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the adipokines NRG4 and Irisin might be associated with the severity of coronary stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alipoor
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Vasheghani-Farahani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Salmani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Namkhah
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monireh Ahmadpanahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Jenab
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alidoosti
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Khalafi M, Aria B, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of resistance training on myostatin and follistatin in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2023:114272. [PMID: 37328021 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Myostatin and follistatin are the main hormones for regulating muscle mass, and previous research suggests they are modulated by resistance training. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of resistance training on circulating myostatin and follistatin in adults. METHODS A search was conducted in PubMed and Web of science from inception until October 2022 to identify original studies investigating the effects of resistance training compared with controls that did not exercise. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS A total 26 randomized studies, including 36 interventions, and involving 768 participants (aged ∼18 to 82 years), were included in the meta-analysis. Resistance training effectively decreased myostatin [-1.31 (95% CI -1.74 to -0.88, p=0.001, 26 studies] and increased follistatin [2.04 (95% CI: 1.51 to 2.52), p=0.001, 14 studies]. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant decrease in myostatin and increase in follistatin regardless of age. CONCLUSION Resistance training in adults is effective for reducing myostatin and increasing follistatin which may contribute to the beneficial effects of resistance training on muscle mass and metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Behzad Aria
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG72UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Moore U, Fernández-Simón E, Schiava M, Cox D, Gordish-Dressman H, James MK, Mayhew A, Wilson I, Guglieri M, Rufibach L, Blamire A, Carlier PG, Mori-Yoshimura M, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter MC, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Bushby K, Diaz-Manera J, Straub V. Myostatin and follistatin as monitoring and prognostic biomarkers in dysferlinopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:199-207. [PMID: 36689846 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin is a myokine which acts upon skeletal muscle to inhibit growth and regeneration. Myostatin is endogenously antagonised by follistatin. This study assessed serum myostatin and follistatin concentrations as monitoring or prognostic biomarkers in dysferlinopathy, an autosomal recessively inherited muscular dystrophy. Myostatin was quantified twice with a three-year interval in 76 patients with dysferlinopathy and 38 controls. Follistatin was quantified in 62 of these patients at the same timepoints, and in 31 controls. Correlations with motor function, muscle fat fraction and contractile cross-sectional area were performed. A regression model was used to account for confounding variables. Baseline myostatin, but not follistatin, correlated with baseline function and MRI measures. However, in individual patients, three-year change in myostatin did not correlate with functional or MRI changes. Linear modelling demonstrated that function, serum creatine kinase and C-reactive protein, but not age, were independently related to myostatin concentration. Baseline myostatin concentration predicted loss of ambulation but not rate of change of functional or MRI measures, even when relative inhibition with follistatin was considered. With adjustment for extra-muscular causes of variation, myostatin could form a surrogate measure of functional ability or muscle mass, however myostatin inhibition does not form a promising treatment target in dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Esther Fernández-Simón
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marianela Schiava
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dan Cox
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Meredith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michela Guglieri
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Andrew Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristi J Jones
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; National Institutes of Health (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LudwigMaximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de reference des maladies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elena Bravver
- Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Jerry R Mendell
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Cuttitta G, Ferraro M, Cibella F, Alfano P, Bucchieri S, Patti AM, Muratori R, Pace E, Bruno A. Relationship among Body Composition, Adipocytokines, and Irisin on Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in COPD: A Pilot Study. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010048. [PMID: 36671433 PMCID: PMC9855916 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that interferes with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although inflammatory markers, body composition, and nutritional status have a significant impact on pulmonary function, the real contribution of adipocytokines and myokines in COPD is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the role played by the body composition, leptin, adiponectin, haptoglobin, and irisin on the functional exercise capacity, respiratory function, and quality of life (QoL) in COPD. In 25 COPD (20% GOLD-1; 60% GOLD-2; 20% GOLD-3) patients and 26 matched control subjects, we find that leptin, total adiponectin and haptoglobin are significantly increased whereas the 6 min walk test (6MWT) and physical functioning scores are significantly decreased in COPD versus controls. A significant positive relationship is found between leptin and fat mass and between 6MWT and the good health indicators of nutritional status. A significant inverse relationship is found between 6MWT and leptin and fat mass, FEV1 and haptoglobin, and irisin and haptoglobin. Phase angle and leptin level are significant predictors for functional exercise capacity assessed with 6MWT. Taken altogether, the results of this pilot study further support the role played by body composition and adipocytokines on exercise capacity respiratory function and QoL in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Cuttitta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pietro Alfano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bucchieri
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalba Muratori
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Palermo, Via Giacomo Cusmano, 24, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Kitase Y, Vallejo JA, Dallas SL, Xie Y, Dallas M, Tiede-Lewis L, Moore D, Meljanac A, Kumar C, Zhao C, Rosser J, Brotto M, Johnson ML, Liu Z, Wacker MJ, Bonewald L. Body weight influences musculoskeletal adaptation to long-term voluntary wheel running during aging in female mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 15:308-352. [PMID: 36403149 PMCID: PMC9925690 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is the hallmark of aging that can be delayed with exercise. The present studies were initiated based on the hypothesis that long-term voluntary wheel running (VWR) in female mice from 12 to 18 or 22 months of age would have beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system. Mice were separated into high (HBW) and low (LBW) body weight based on final body weights upon termination of experiments. Bone marrow fat was significantly higher in HBW than LBW under sedentary conditions, but not with VWR. HBW was more protective for soleus size and function than LBW under sedentary conditions, however VWR increased soleus size and function regardless of body weight. VWR plus HBW was more protective against muscle loss with aging. Similar effects of VWR plus HBW were observed with the extensor digitorum longus, EDL, however, LBW with VWR was beneficial in improving EDL fatigue resistance in 18 mo mice and was more beneficial with regards to muscle production of bone protective factors. VWR plus HBW maintained bone in aged animals. In summary, HBW had a more beneficial effect on muscle and bone with aging especially in combination with exercise. These effects were independent of bone marrow fat, suggesting that intrinsic musculoskeletal adaptions were responsible for these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kitase
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Julian A. Vallejo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Sarah L. Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Yixia Xie
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Mark Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - LeAnn Tiede-Lewis
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - David Moore
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Anthony Meljanac
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Corrine Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carrie Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jennifer Rosser
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Mark L. Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Ziyue Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael J. Wacker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Lynda Bonewald
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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11
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Zhang L, Li C, Xiong J, Chang C, Sun Y. Dysregulated myokines and signaling pathways in skeletal muscle dysfunction in a cigarette smoke–induced model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:929926. [PMID: 36091368 PMCID: PMC9454092 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.929926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is an important extrapulmonary comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Muscle-derived cytokines (myokines) play important roles in skeletal muscle growth and function, but their contributions to skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD have not been fully understood. In the current study, by using a well-established mouse model of COPD with skeletal muscle dysfunction, we found that the expressions of Fndc5 (fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5, the precursor of irisin) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) were decreased, while myostatin (Mstn), phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (p-Erk1/2), and p-Smad3 expressions were upregulated in skeletal muscles from cigarette smoke-exposed mice and in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated C2C12 myotubes. Treatment with Smad3 or Erk1/2 inhibitors partially restored the expression of Fndc5 in CSE-stimulated C2C12 myotubes. Taken together, CSE exposure, by upregulation of p-Erk1/2, promoted the expression of Mstn, which further inhibited Fndc5 expression by the p-Smad3/PGC-1α pathway, revealing a novel regulating mechanism of myokines in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle comorbidities of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongchang Sun,
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12
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El Assar M, Álvarez-Bustos A, Sosa P, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158713. [PMID: 35955849 PMCID: PMC9369066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in compromised functional status in aging. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation in older subjects constitute the background for skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system alterations. Aged skeletal muscle mass and strength impairment is related to anabolic resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and inflammation as well as a reduced antioxidant response and myokine profile. Arterial stiffness and endothelial function stand out as the main cardiovascular alterations related to aging, where increased systemic and vascular oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role. Physical activity and exercise training arise as modifiable determinants of functional outcomes in older persons. Exercise enhances antioxidant response, decreases age-related oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signals, and promotes the activation of anabolic and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways in skeletal muscle. Additionally, exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness by reducing inflammatory and oxidative damage signaling in vascular tissue together with an increase in antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide availability, globally promoting functional performance and healthy aging. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in aged musculoskeletal and vascular systems and how physical activity/exercise influences functional status in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sosa
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-683-93-60 (ext. 6411)
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13
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Abbasian S, Ravasi AA, Haghighi AH, Aydin S, Delbari A, Aydın S. Preconditioning intensive training ameliorates reduction of transcription biofactors of PGC1α-pathway in paretic muscle due to cerebral ischemia. Biotech Histochem 2022; 98:46-53. [PMID: 35892280 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2098535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training increases fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5/irisin) via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)-pathway. The PGC1α pathway induced FNDC5/irisin changes in response to exercise training and ischemic stroke are not entirely understood. We investigated the relation of the PGC-1α/FNDC5/irisin pathway to exercise training and to the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke in paretic muscles of stroke-induced rat models. We induced cerebral ischemia following completion of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to evaluate PGC1α-pathway biofactors in paretic muscles. To define the underlying molecular mechanisms for improvement in paretic muscles following cerebral ischemia, we evaluated PCG-1α-pathway factors using immunofluorescence tracking and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoassay. We found that HIIT for 3 weeks produced increased expression and release of PGC-1α-pathway biomarkers in both the serum and paretic muscle of stroke-induced rats. We also found a close relation between the expression of PCG-1α-pathway factors in skeletal muscle and their concentration in blood. We found that PGC-1α-pathway biomarkers cause irisin up-regulation following induction of cerebral ischemia. The reduction in neurofunctional deficits following increased PGC-1α-pathway biomarkers suggests that these factors may act as markers of improvement in paretic muscle healing following cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ahmad Delbari
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran
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14
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Wu SE, Hsu JC, Chang YL, Chuang HC, Chiu YL, Chen WL. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure in muscle triggers sarcopenia through aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated reactive oxygen species production. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113599. [PMID: 35567930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a toxic carcinogen, is associated with various adverse effects but is rarely discussed in muscle-related disorders. This study investigated in vitro and in vivo effects triggered by BaP exposure in muscles and hypothesized that exposure might induce conditions similar to sarcopenia due to the shared mechanism of oxidative stress. In vitro experiments used C2C12 mouse myoblasts to examine effects induced by BaP exposure in control (untreated) and BaP-treated (10 µM/ml) muscle cells. An established TNF-α-treated sarcopenia model was utilized to verify our results. In vivo experiments compared immunohistochemical staining of sarcopenia-related markers in rats exposed to clean air and polluted air. RESULTS In C2C12 cells, after 2-72 h of BaP exposure, elevated mRNA and protein expressions were observed in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P450 1A1, subsequently in ROS (NOX2 and NOX4) production, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-kB), and proteins mediating apoptotic cell death (caspase-3 and PARP). Two myokines also altered mRNA and protein expressions akin to changes in sarcopenia, namely decreased irisin levels and increased myostatin levels. In addition, N-acetylcysteine, a well-known antioxidant, led to decrease in oxidative markers induced by BaP. The validation by TNF-α-treated sarcopenia model revealed comparable biological responses in either TNF-α or BaP treated C2C12 cells. In vivo experiments with rats exposed to air pollution showed increased expression of BaP, AhR, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and myostatin and decreased irisin expression in immunohistochemical staining. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BaP exerts deleterious effects on the muscle, leading to conditions indicative of sarcopenia. Antioxidant supplementation may be a treatment option for BaP-induced sarcopenia, but further validation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-En Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C); Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C); Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Ju-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Yung-Lung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C); Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C); Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C); Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan (R.O.C).
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15
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Irisin, An Exercise-induced Bioactive Peptide Beneficial for Health Promotion During Aging Process. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Li J, Wang Z, Li C, Song Y, Wang Y, Bo H, Zhang Y. Impact of Exercise and Aging on Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle: Roles of ROS and Epigenetics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132086. [PMID: 35805170 PMCID: PMC9266156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes degenerative changes such as epigenetic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Exercise can upregulate muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance antioxidant capacity and represents an effective treatment to prevent muscle aging. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and microRNA expression are involved in the regulation of exercise-induced adaptive changes in muscle mitochondria. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in signaling molecules in exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial health benefits, and strong evidence emphasizes that exercise-induced ROS can regulate gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are imported into mitochondria from the cytosol, so mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by nuclear epigenetic mechanisms. Exercise can reverse aging-induced changes in myokine expression by modulating epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of exercise-generated ROS in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, the potential epigenetic mechanisms involved in exercise-induced myokine expression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Can Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hai Bo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
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17
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Curiel-Cervantes V, Solis-Sainz JC, Camacho-Barrón M, Aguilar-Galarza A, Valencia ME, Anaya-Loyola MA. Systematic training in master swimmer athletes increases serum insulin growth factor-1 and decreases myostatin and irisin levels. Growth Factors 2022; 40:1-12. [PMID: 35343347 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2049262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During ageing, anabolic status is essential to prevent the decrease in quantity and quality of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Exercise modulates endocrine markers of muscle status. We studied the differences of endocrine markers for muscle status in 62 non-sarcopenic Mexican swimmer adults aged 30-70 y/o, allocated into two groups: the systematic training (ST) group including master athletes with a physical activity level (PAL) >1.6, and the non-systematic training group (NST) composed by subjects with a PAL <1.5. Body composition, diet, biochemical and endocrine markers were analyzed. The ST group showed lower myostatin (MSTN) and irisin (IRI) levels, two strong regulators of SMM. The insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was higher in the ST. This is consistent with most of the evidence in young athletes and resistance training programs, where IGF-1 and IRI seem to play a crucial role in maintaining anabolic status in master athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Curiel-Cervantes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - J C Solis-Sainz
- Departament of Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - M Camacho-Barrón
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - A Aguilar-Galarza
- Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - M E Valencia
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - M A Anaya-Loyola
- Human Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
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18
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Muscle-Related Effect of Whey Protein and Vitamin D 3 Supplementation Provided before or after Bedtime in Males Undergoing Resistance Training. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112289. [PMID: 35684089 PMCID: PMC9183069 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dietary protein intake with leucine and vitamin D is an important factor in muscle protein synthesis. This study investigated the combined effects of consuming whey protein and vitamin D3 in the evening before bedtime or in the morning after sleeping on muscle mass and strength. Healthy, untrained males (N = 42; Age = 18-24 year) were randomly assigned into three groups: before bedtime, after sleeping, and control. Subjects underwent a 6-week resistance training program in combination with supplements that provided 25 g whey protein and 4000 IU vitamin D3 for the before bedtime and after sleeping groups and a 5 g maltodextrin placebo for the control group. A significant increase in serum vitamin D was observed in both before bedtime and after sleeping groups. All groups experienced a significant gain in leg press. However, the control group did not experience significant improvements in muscle mass and associated blood hormones that were experienced by the before bedtime and after sleeping groups. No significant differences in assessed values were observed between the before bedtime and after sleeping groups. These findings suggest that the combination of whey protein and vitamin D supplements provided either before or after sleep resulted in beneficial increases in muscle mass in young males undergoing resistance training that exceeded the changes observed without these supplements.
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19
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Nunes EA, Colenso-Semple L, McKellar SR, Yau T, Ali MU, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Sherifali D, Gaudichon C, Tomé D, Atherton PJ, Robles MC, Naranjo-Modad S, Braun M, Landi F, Phillips SM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:795-810. [PMID: 35187864 PMCID: PMC8978023 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression to determine if increasing daily protein ingestion contributes to gaining lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength, and physical/functional test performance in healthy subjects. A protocol for the present study was registered (PROSPERO, CRD42020159001), and a systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Sciences databases was undertaken. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) where participants increased their daily protein intake and were healthy and non-obese adults were included. Research questions focused on the main effects on the outcomes of interest and subgroup analysis, splitting the studies by participation in a resistance exercise (RE), age (<65 or ≥65 years old), and levels of daily protein ingestion. Three-level random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted on data from 74 RCT. Most of the selected studies tested the effects of additional protein ingestion during RE training. The evidence suggests that increasing daily protein ingestion may enhance gains in LBM in studies enrolling subjects in RE (SMD [standardized mean difference] = 0.22, 95% CI [95% confidence interval] 0.14:0.30, P < 0.01, 62 studies, moderate level of evidence). The effect on LBM was significant in subjects ≥65 years old ingesting 1.2-1.59 g of protein/kg/day and for younger subjects (<65 years old) ingesting ≥1.6 g of protein/kg/day submitted to RE. Lower-body strength gain was slightly higher by additional protein ingestion at ≥1.6 g of protein/kg/day during RE training (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI 0.09:0.35, P < 0.01, 19 studies, low level of evidence). Bench press strength is slightly increased by ingesting more protein in <65 years old subjects during RE training (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI 0.03:0.33, P = 0.01, 32 studies, low level of evidence). The effects of ingesting more protein are unclear when assessing handgrip strength and only marginal for performance in physical function tests. In conclusion, increasing daily protein ingestion results in small additional gains in LBM and lower body muscle strength gains in healthy adults enrolled in resistance exercise training. There is a slight effect on bench press strength and minimal effect performance in physical function tests. The effect on handgrip strength is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everson A Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Investigation of Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Lauren Colenso-Semple
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean R McKellar
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Yau
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Usman Ali
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Sherifali
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Michelle Braun
- International Flavors & Fragrances, Research and Development, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Hu C, Zhang X, Hu M, Teng T, Yuan Y, Song P, Kong C, Xu S, Ma Z, Tang Q. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 improves aging-related cardiac dysfunction in mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13556. [PMID: 35166002 PMCID: PMC8920441 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and aging‐related cardiac dysfunction serves as a major determinant of morbidity and mortality in elderly populations. Our previous study has identified fibronectin type III domain‐containing 5 (FNDC5) and its cleaved form, irisin, as the cardioprotectant against doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy. Herein, aging or matched young mice were overexpressed with FNDC5 by adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors, or subcutaneously infused with irisin to uncover the role of FNDC5 in aging‐related cardiac dysfunction. To verify the involvement of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and AMP‐activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), Nlrp3 or Ampkα2 global knockout mice were used. Besides, young mice were injected with AAV9‐FNDC5 and maintained for 12 months to determine the preventive effect of FNDC5. Moreover, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) to examine the role of FNDC5 in vitro. We found that FNDC5 was downregulated in aging hearts. Cardiac‐specific overexpression of FNDC5 or irisin infusion significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome and cardiac inflammation, thereby attenuating aging‐related cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In addition, irisin treatment also inhibited cellular senescence in TNF‐α‐stimulated cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, FNDC5 activated AMPKα through blocking the lysosomal degradation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor. More importantly, FNDC5 gene transfer in early life could delay the onset of cardiac dysfunction during aging process. We prove that FNDC5 improves aging‐related cardiac dysfunction by activating AMPKα, and it might be a promising therapeutic target to support cardiovascular health in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Yu‐Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Chun‐Yan Kong
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Si‐Chi Xu
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Zhen‐Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
| | - Qi‐Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases Wuhan China
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21
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Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:811751. [PMID: 35250869 PMCID: PMC8892203 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.811751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease in aging with decreased body muscle, decreased muscle strength, decreased independence, increased fat mass, due to decreased physical activity, changes in adipokines and myokines, and decreased satellite cells. People with sarcopenic obesity cause harmful changes in myokines and adipokines. These changes are due to a decrease interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-15 (IL-15), insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1), irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and apelin. While factors such as myostatin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and resistin increase. The consequences of these changes are an increase in inflammatory factors, increased degradation of muscle proteins, increased fat mass, and decreased muscle tissue, which exacerbates sarcopenia obesity. In contrast, exercise, especially strength training, reverses this process, which includes increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing myogenesis, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing brown fat, reducing white fat, reducing inflammatory factors, and reducing muscle atrophy. Since some people with chronic diseases are not able to do high-intensity strength training, exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) are newly recommended. Numerous studies have shown that low-intensity BFR training produces the same increase in hypertrophy and muscle strength such as high-intensity strength training. Therefore, it seems that exercise interventions with BFR can be an effective way to prevent the exacerbation of sarcopenia obesity. However, due to limited studies on adipokines and exercises with BFR in people with sarcopenic obesity, more research is needed.
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22
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Zhang T, Ren Y, Shen P, Jiang S, Yang Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Yang Y. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Cognitive Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:755926. [PMID: 35153714 PMCID: PMC8832102 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Currently, the prevalence of CF (Cognitive Frailty) is not very clear, and the relationship between CF and its associated risk factors has not been accurately evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis further to understand CF's prevalence and associated factors. Methods Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane were systematically searched for articles exploring the prevalence of CF, the deadline of searching date was up to March 2021. For the prevalence of CF, the events of CF and the total number of patients in every included study were extracted to estimate the prevalence of CF. For associated factors of CF, Odds Ratios (ORs) with (corresponding) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for estimations. Results Firstly, the estimated prevalence of CF I (Cognitive Frailty in the model I) was 16%, 95% CI (0.13–0.19), and the estimated prevalence of CF II (Cognitive Frailty in model II) was 6%, 95% CI (0.05–0.07). Secondly, both lower engagement in activities and age were calculated to be independent risk factors of CF, and the OR (95% CI) was 3.31 (2.28–4.81) and 1.10 (1.04–1.16), respectively. Finally, depression was also a prominent risk factor of CF, with the overall OR (95% CI) as 1.57 (1.32–1.87). Conclusion CF was a high prevalence in community older. The various assessment scales and the different cutoff values of diagnostic criteria would affect the prevalence of CF. Lower engagement in activities, age, and depression was the risky factor of CF. Systematic Review Registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42019121369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Shen
- College of Life and Science, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shixie Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yanrong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yang
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23
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HIF-1α Negatively Regulates Irisin Expression Which Involves in Muscle Atrophy Induced by Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020887. [PMID: 35055073 PMCID: PMC8777935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high altitude environment leads to skeletal muscle atrophy. As a hormone secreted by skeletal muscles after exercise, irisin contributes to promoting muscle regeneration and ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy, but its role in hypoxia-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is still unclear. Our results showed that 4 w of hypoxia exposure significantly reduced body weight and gastrocnemius muscle mass of mice, as well as grip strength and the duration time of treadmill exercise. Hypoxic treatment increased HIF-1α expression and decreased both the circulation level of irisin and its precursor protein FNDC5 expression in skeletal muscle. In in vitro, CoCl2-induced chemical hypoxia and 1% O2 ambient hypoxia both reduced FNDC5, along with the increase in HIF-1α. Moreover, the decline in the area and diameter of myotubes caused by hypoxia were rescued by inhibiting HIF-1α via YC-1. Collectively, our research indicated that FNDC5/irisin was negatively regulated by HIF-1α and could participate in the regulation of muscle atrophy caused by hypoxia.
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24
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Bilski J, Pierzchalski P, Szczepanik M, Bonior J, Zoladz JA. Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010160. [PMID: 35011721 PMCID: PMC8750433 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health. Because of the complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements and challenges in identifying and diagnosing SO. Recently, it has become clear that dysbiosis may play a role in the onset and progression of sarcopenia and SO. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines during contraction, which play an important role in controlling muscle growth, function, and metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause and aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO. The only ways to prevent and slow the progression of sarcopenia, particularly sarcopenic obesity, are physical activity and correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely prevent sarcopenia and age-related loss in muscular function, it can certainly delay development and slow down the rate of sarcopenia. The purpose of this review was to discuss potential pathways to muscle deterioration in obese individuals. We also want to present the current understanding of the role of various factors, including microbiota and myokines, in the process of sarcopenia and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-421-93-51
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
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25
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Colaianni G, Oranger A, Dicarlo M, Lovero R, Storlino G, Pignataro P, Fontana A, Di Serio F, Ingravallo A, Caputo G, Di Leo A, Barone M, Grano M. Irisin Serum Levels and Skeletal Muscle Assessment in a Cohort of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886243. [PMID: 35634506 PMCID: PMC9134857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) indicates a group of inherited polyneuropathies whose clinical phenotypes primarily include progressive distal weakness and muscle atrophy. Compelling evidence showed that the exercise-mimetic myokine irisin protects against muscle wasting in an autocrine manner, thus possibly preventing the onset of musculoskeletal atrophy. Therefore, we sought to determine if irisin serum levels correlate with biochemical and muscle parameters in a cohort of CMT patients. METHODS This cohort study included individuals (N=20) diagnosed with CMT disease. Irisin and biochemical markers were quantified in sera. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was evaluated by bioelectric impedance analysis, muscle strength by handgrip, and muscle quality was derived from muscle strength and muscle mass ratio. RESULTS CMT patients (m/f, 12/8) had lower irisin levels than age and sex matched healthy subjects (N=20) (6.51 ± 2.26 vs 9.34 ± 3.23 μg/ml; p=0.003). SMM in CMT patients was always lower compared to SMM reference values reported in healthy Caucasian population matched for age and sex. Almost the totality of CMT patients (19/20) showed low muscle quality and therefore patients were evaluated on the basis of muscle strength. Irisin was lower in presence of pathological compared to normal muscle strength (5.56 ± 1.26 vs 7.67 ± 2.72 μg/ml; p=0.03), and directly correlated with the marker of bone formation P1PN (r= 0.669; 95%CI 0.295 to 0.865; p=0.002), but inversely correlated with Vitamin D (r=-0.526; 95%CI -0,791 to -0,095; p=0.017). Surprisingly, in women, irisin levels were higher than in men (7.31 ± 2.53 vs 5.31 ± 1.02 μg/ml, p=0.05), and correlated with both muscle strength (r=0.759; 95%CI 0.329 to 0.929; p=0.004) and muscle quality (r=0.797; 95%CI 0.337 to 0.950; p=0.006). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate lower irisin levels in CMT patients compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, among patients, we observed, significantly higher irisin levels in women than in men, despite the higher SMM in the latter. Future studies are necessary to establish whether, in this clinical contest, irisin could represent a marker of the loss of muscle mass and strength and/or bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Oranger
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Lovero
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Polyclinic of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pignataro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelica Ingravallo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caputo
- Territorial Neurology Service of Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Network - Apulia - Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Grano,
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26
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Long-Term Effect of Exercise on Irisin Blood Levels-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111438. [PMID: 34828485 PMCID: PMC8618299 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise may activate a number of important biochemical processes in the human body. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the long-term effect of physical activity on irisin blood levels. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles addressing the long-term effect of physical exercise on irisin blood levels. Fifty-nine articles were included in the final qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A statistically significant within-group effect of exercise on irisin blood levels was in 33 studies; out of them, the irisin level increased 23× and decreased 10×. The significant positive between-groups effect was found 11×. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated that physical exercise had a significant positive effect on irisin blood levels (SMD = 0.39 (95% CI 0.27–0.52)). Nevertheless, considerably high heterogeneity was found in all the analyses. This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that physical exercise might increase irisin blood levels; however, the results of individual studies were considerably inconsistent, which questions the methodological detection of irisin by ELISA kits.
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27
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Nasiri E, Ganji Harsini A, Arabi F, Samadi A, Rashki Kamak Z. Eight weeks of Pilates exercise improved physical performance of overweight and obese women without significant changes in body composition and serum myokines. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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He X, Zhang Q, Peng N, Hu Y, Li H, Chen Z, Liu R, Xu S, Zhang M, He J, Shi L. Irisin plays an important role in the outcomes of newly diagnosed prediabetes in adults in Guiyang, China. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:747-755. [PMID: 33000530 PMCID: PMC8089006 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To explore the potential role of irisin in the outcomes of newly diagnosed prediabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from the Guiyang subcenter of the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. A total of 2,530 participants had newly diagnosed prediabetes at baseline and completed follow up. The nested 1:1 case-control study included 161 participants who developed diabetes mellitus at follow up, and 161 age- and sex-matched controls. The follow-up study included 86 matched case-control pairs. Fasting serum irisin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Baseline serum irisin levels were higher in the cases than in the controls (P = 0.002); high baseline serum irisin levels were an independent risk factor for the development of diabetes (odds ratio 1.235, 95% confidence interval 1.025-1.488). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), smoking, exercise, and family history of diabetes, subjects in the highest quartile of irisin levels had a higher risk of diabetes than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 3.065, 95% confidence interval 1.511-6.218). The extent of decrease in irisin levels during follow-up was greater in the cases than in the controls (P < 0.001). Baseline serum irisin levels were positively correlated with the extent of decrease in irisin during follow-up (r = 0.773, P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, subjects with a decrease of irisin above the median had much higher risk for diabetes (odds ratio 5.077, 95% confidence interval 2.112-12.206). CONCLUSIONS Irisin might play an important role in the outcomes of newly diagnosed prediabetes in adults in Guiyang, and can predict the risk for developing diabetes in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGuizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Nianchun Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Ruoyi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Juan He
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Lixin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
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29
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Allen SL, Marshall RN, Edwards SJ, Lord JM, Lavery GG, Breen L. The effect of young and old ex vivo human serum on cellular protein synthesis and growth in an in vitro model of aging. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C26-C37. [PMID: 33909501 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00093.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of muscle aging are useful for understanding mechanisms of age-related muscle loss and aiding the development of targeted therapies. To investigate mechanisms of age-related muscle loss in vitro utilizing ex vivo human serum, fasted blood samples were obtained from four old (72 ± 1 yr) and four young (26 ± 3 yr) men. Older individuals had elevated levels of plasma CRP, IL-6, HOMA-IR, and lower concentric peak torque and work-per-repetition compared with young participants (P < 0.05). C2C12 myotubes were serum and amino acid starved for 1 h and conditioned with human serum (10%) for 4 h or 24 h. After 4 h, C2C12 cells were treated with 5 mM leucine for 30 min. Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) was determined through the surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) technique and regulatory signaling pathways were measured via Western blot. Myotube diameter was significantly reduced in myotubes treated with serum from old, in comparison to young donors (84%, P < 0.001). MPS was reduced in myotubes treated with old donor serum, compared with young serum before leucine treatment (32%, P < 0.01). MPS and the phosphorylation of Akt, p70S6K, and eEF2 were increased in myotubes treated with young serum in response to leucine treatment, with a blunted response identified in cells treated with old serum (P < 0.05). Muscle protein breakdown signaling pathways did not differ between groups. In summary, we show that myotubes conditioned with serum from older individuals had decreased myotube diameter and MPS compared with younger individuals, potentially driven by low-grade systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Allen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan N Marshall
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie J Edwards
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M Lord
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partner, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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30
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Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Alviña K. Multiple Roles in Neuroprotection for the Exercise Derived Myokine Irisin. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:649929. [PMID: 33935687 PMCID: PMC8086837 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.649929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has multiple beneficial effects on health including decreasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Such effects are thought to be mediated (at least in part) by myokines, a collection of cytokines and other small proteins released from skeletal muscles. As an endocrine organ, skeletal muscle synthesizes and secretes a wide range of myokines which contribute to different functions in different organs, including the brain. One such myokine is the recently discovered protein Irisin, which is secreted into circulation from skeletal muscle during exercise from its membrane bound precursor Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin contributes to metabolic processes such as glucose homeostasis and browning of white adipose tissue. Irisin also crosses the blood brain barrier and initiates a neuroprotective genetic program in the hippocampus that culminates with increased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, exercise and FNDC5/Irisin have been shown to have several neuroprotective effects against injuries in ischemia and neurodegenerative disease models, including Alzheimer's disease. In addition, Irisin has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. In this review we present and summarize recent findings on the multiple effects of Irisin on neural function, including signaling pathways and mechanisms involved. We also discuss how exercise can positively influence brain function and mental health via the "skeletal muscle-brain axis." While there are still many unanswered questions, we put forward the idea that Irisin is a potentially essential mediator of the skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Alviña
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Li H, Wang F, Yang M, Sun J, Zhao Y, Tang D. The Effect of Irisin as a Metabolic Regulator and Its Therapeutic Potential for Obesity. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6572342. [PMID: 33790964 PMCID: PMC7997758 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6572342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem due to the imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. Irisin, a newly identified exercise-responsive myokine, which is produced by the proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat obesity and obesity-related complications. Various studies in mice have shown that irisin could respond to systematic exercise training and promote white-to-brown fat transdifferentiation, but the role and function of irisin in humans are controversial. In this review, we systematically introduced and analyzed the factors that may contribute to these inconsistent results. Furthermore, we also described the potential anti-inflammatory properties of irisin under a variety of inflammatory conditions. Finally, the review discussed the existing unresolved issues and controversies about irisin, including the transcription of the irisin precursor FNDC5 gene in humans, the cleavage site of the yet unknown proteolytic enzyme that cleaves irisin from FNDC5, and the reliability of irisin levels measured with available detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
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Mu S, Ding D, Ji C, Wu Q, Xia Y, Zhou L, Yang L, Ba G, Chang Q, Fu Q, Zhao Y. Relationships Between Circulating Irisin Response to Ice Swimming and Body Composition in People With Regular Exercise Experience. Front Physiol 2021; 11:596896. [PMID: 33519505 PMCID: PMC7838676 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.596896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe cold exercise involves the irisin response, and may be related to body composition. We aimed to investigate changes in circulating irisin after ice swimming (IS), as well as to evaluate the correlation between body composition and the change in irisin caused by IS (Δirisin). 81 ice swimmers were recruited to perform IS activities. Blood samples were drawn 30 min before and 30 min after IS, and the serum levels of irisin and the ice swimmers' body composition were measured. As results, circulating irisin declined significantly during the recovery period following IS exercise (P < 0.001). The afternoon baseline circulating irisin level and Δirisin in response to IS were correlated with body fat characteristics rather than muscle parameters in ice swimmers. Δirisin subgroup analyses showed that the Δirisin ascending group (Δirisin+) subjects had a higher fat composition and higher basal irisin levels than the Δirisin descending group (Δirisin-). Furthermore, the decrease in irisin was negatively correlated with fat components in Δirisin- subjects, whereas no correlation was observed between the increase in irisin and body composition in Δirisin + subjects. Finally, a non-linear association analysis suggested that body fat indicators had obvious curvilinear relationships with Δirisin. In conclusion, IS caused a significant decrease in irisin. Statistical and curvilinear associations suggested that the correlation between fat tissue and Δirisin caused by IS is dimorphic and the underlying mechanisms may be due to the different metabolic states of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qijun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gen Ba
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Myokines and Heart Failure: Challenging Role in Adverse Cardiac Remodeling, Myopathy, and Clinical Outcomes. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6644631. [PMID: 33520013 PMCID: PMC7819753 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global medical problem that characterizes poor prognosis and high economic burden for the health system and family of the HF patients. Although modern treatment approaches have significantly decreased a risk of the occurrence of HF among patients having predominant coronary artery disease, hypertension, and myocarditis, the mortality of known HF continues to be unacceptably high. One of the most important symptoms of HF that negatively influences tolerance to physical exercise, well-being, social adaptation, and quality of life is deep fatigue due to HF-related myopathy. Myopathy in HF is associated with weakness of the skeletal muscles, loss of myofibers, and the development of fibrosis due to microvascular inflammation, metabolic disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The pivotal role in the regulation of myocardial and skeletal muscle rejuvenation, attenuation of muscle metabolic homeostasis, and protection against ischemia injury and apoptosis belongs to myokines. Myokines are defined as a wide spectrum of active molecules that are directly synthesized and released by both cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes and regulate energy homeostasis in autocrine/paracrine manner. In addition, myokines have a large spectrum of pleiotropic capabilities that are involved in the pathogenesis of HF including cardiac remodeling, muscle atrophy, and cardiac cachexia. The aim of the narrative review is to summarize the knowledge with respect to the role of myokines in adverse cardiac remodeling, myopathy, and clinical outcomes among HF patients. Some myokines, such as myostatin, irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin-15, fibroblast growth factor-21, and growth differential factor-11, being engaged in the regulation of the pathogenesis of HF-related myopathy, can be detected in peripheral blood, and the evaluation of their circulating levels can provide new insights to the course of HF and stratify patients at higher risk of poor outcomes prior to sarcopenic stage.
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Chang PS, Yen CH, Huang YY, Chiu CJ, Lin PT. Associations between Coenzyme Q10 Status, Oxidative Stress, and Muscle Strength and Endurance in Patients with Osteoarthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121275. [PMID: 33327636 PMCID: PMC7765116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) causes oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant that participates in energy production in the human body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among coenzyme Q10 status, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and muscle function in patients with OA. This case-control study recruited 100 patients with OA and 100 without OA. The coenzyme Q10 status, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, muscle mass (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength (hand-grip and leg-back strength), and muscle endurance (dumbbell curls, gait speed, chair-stand test, and short physical performance battery) were measured. The results showed that both OA and elderly subjects had a low coenzyme Q10 status (<0.5 μM). Oxidative stress was significantly negatively correlated with muscle function (protein carbonyl, p < 0.05). Coenzyme Q10 level was positively associated with antioxidant capacity, muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle endurance in patients with OA (p < 0.05). Since OA is an age-related disease, coenzyme Q10 may be consumed by oxidative stress and thereby affect muscle function. Raising coenzyme Q10 in patients with OA could be suggested, which may benefit their antioxidant capacity and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Sheng Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan; (P.-S.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-J.C.)
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hua Yen
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402367, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan; (P.-S.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-J.C.)
| | - Ching-Ju Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan; (P.-S.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-J.C.)
| | - Ping-Ting Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402367, Taiwan; (P.-S.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (C.-J.C.)
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402367, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24730022 (ext. 12187); Fax: +886-4-2324-8175
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Kowalik S, Wiśniewska A, Kędzierski W, Janczarek I. Concentrations of Circulating Irisin and Myostatin in Race and Endurace Purebred Arabian Horses-Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122268. [PMID: 33271939 PMCID: PMC7760310 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Irisin and myostatin are regulatory proteins produced by muscle cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on plasma irisin and myostatin concentrations in horses in different types of training (speed versus endurance). To find out, we tested 20 Arabian horses, submitted to the two different equestrian disciplines, and consequently different training regimes. The first group of horses realized a short-term, high-speed bout of exercise whereas the second group of horses were submitted to long-lasting, endurance effort. The obtained results showed that the single bout of exercise induced an increase in plasma myostatin concentration. Plasma irisin level decreased during the race season in racehorses. This means that irisin and myostatin may play a regulatory role in the maintenance of the energy balance processes. Abstract Skeletal muscle is considered to be the largest endocrine organ determining the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Adaptive changes in skeletal muscles in response to physical exercise influence the production as well as secretion of myokines, which are bioactive factors that play a crucial role in energy expenditure processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of two different types of exercise on the circulating level of two of these, myostatin and irisin, in trained horses. Twenty purebred Arabian horses were involved in the study: 10 three-year-old horses trained on the racetrack and 10 endurance horses aged 7.4 ± 1.9 years. The horses from both groups were regularly trained throughout the entire season, during which they also participated in Polish National competitions. To assess the influence of the training sessions on plasma myostatin and irisin concentrations, blood samples taken at rest and 30 min after the end of exercise were analyzed. In the studied horses, the single bout of exercise did not influence plasma irisin but induced an increase in plasma myostatin concentration. In racehorses, plasma irisin concentration decreased with the length of the training season. Plasma myostatin was higher in endurance horses than in three-year-old racehorses. Lack of exercise-induced fluctuation in circulating irisin in studied horses suggests that myostatin released in response to exercise provides a negative feedback signal to irisin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Myostatin as a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and other Pathologies-State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082401. [PMID: 32796600 PMCID: PMC7469036 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome with a significant impact on older patients’ quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Despite the new available criteria, its early diagnosis remains difficult, highlighting the necessity of looking for a valid muscle wasting biomarker. Myostatin, a muscle mass negative regulator, is one of the potential candidates. The aim of this work is to point out various factors affecting the potential of myostatin as a biomarker of muscle wasting. Based on the literature review, we can say that recent studies produced conflicting results and revealed a number of potential confounding factors influencing their use in sarcopenia diagnosing. These factors include physiological variables (such as age, sex and physical activity) as well as a variety of disorders (including heart failure, metabolic syndrome, kidney failure and inflammatory diseases) and differences in laboratory measurement methodology. Our conclusion is that although myostatin alone might not prove to be a feasible biomarker, it could become an important part of a recently proposed panel of muscle wasting biomarkers. However, a thorough understanding of the interrelationship of these markers, as well as establishing a valid measurement methodology for myostatin and revising current research data in the light of new criteria of sarcopenia, is needed.
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Paris MT, Bell KE, Mourtzakis M. Myokines and adipokines in sarcopenia: understanding cross-talk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and the role of exercise. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 52:61-66. [PMID: 32668398 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detrimental age-associated changes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue increase the risk of sarcopenia. Age-related changes in myokines, such as myostatin and irisin, as well as adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, contribute to cross-talk between muscle and adipose tissue. These age-related changes in myokines and adipokines have important implications for sarcopenia, however, recent literature highlights discrepancies in these relationships. Exercise may alter serum profiles and muscle receptor expression of these factors, but future work is needed to determine whether these changes in myokines and adipokines relate to improvements in muscle mass and function. Here, we describe myokine-mediated and adipokine-mediated interactions between muscle and adipose tissue, and discuss the fundamental importance of these cytokines to understanding the development of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Paris
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 1A3, Canada
| | - Kirsten E Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 1A3, Canada
| | - Marina Mourtzakis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 1A3, Canada.
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Barbalho SM, Prado Neto EV, De Alvares Goulart R, Bechara MD, Baisi Chagas EF, Audi M, Guissoni Campos LM, Landgraf Guiger E, Buchaim RL, Buchaim DV, Cressoni Araujo A. Myokines: a descriptive review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1583-1590. [PMID: 32586076 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, scientists have shown that skeletal muscle is not a pure locomotor unit or responsible for propulsion and posture. Skeletal muscle encompasses one of the major organs of the body (constituting about 40% of the body mass in non-obese men). It regulates energy and metabolic processes and is now recognized as an organ capable of producing molecules with vital functions. These molecules are termed myokines, a new field of research in the health sciences, and represent an open field of discoveries and applications in several areas. The aim of this review was to show the role of some well-known myokines in the maintenance of homeostasis. Our search was performed in databases such as Medline/Pubmed, Embase and Scielo. Some relevant myokines are interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-15, irisin, myostatin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). They are related to play a positive or negative role in muscle function and metabolism homeostasis. They are associated with the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, the deposition of fat in the adipose tissue, and the "browning" of the white adipose tissue. For these reasons, they can interfere with the prevention of obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. The discovery of the myokines has opened a new direction in understanding the effects of exercises on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Barbalho
- Medical School of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil - .,Food Technology School, Marília, Brazil -
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Audi
- Medical School of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil
| | | | - Elen Landgraf Guiger
- Medical School of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil.,Food Technology School, Marília, Brazil
| | - Rogério L Buchaim
- Medical School of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, Brazil.,University of São Paulo (FOB - USP), Bauru, Brazil
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Shabkhiz F, Khalafi M, Rosenkranz S, Karimi P, Moghadami K. Resistance training attenuates circulating FGF-21 and myostatin and improves insulin resistance in elderly men with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled clinical trial. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:636-645. [PMID: 32345132 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1762755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and myostatin have been proposed to be potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance in age-related metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, despite the potential metabolic effect of resistance training on insulin resistance, aging, and T2D; the effect of this type of exercise training on FGF-21 and myostatin in elderly men with and without T2D are unknown. Forty-four elderly men were assigned to either the RT training (RT; without T2D: 12, with TD2 = 10) or the control group (C; without T2D: 12, with TD2 = 10). The RT group performed 12-wk resistance training intervention, 3 days/wk, 10 repetitions with 70% 1RM. At the baseline, the elderly men with T2D had a higher FGF-21 (p = 0.002) and myostatin (p = 0.02) concentrations and lower muscle strength (p = 0.01) than the elderly men without T2D. RT resulted in significant decrease in FGF-21 and myostatin concentration and increase in muscle strength in both elderly men with and without T2D (P = 0.001, for all) as well as decrease in HOMA-IR in only elderly men without T2D (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the RT-induced FGF-21 reduction between elderly men with and without T2D (p = 0.77, p = 0.28, respectively), but, RT caused a larger reduction in circulating myostatin in elderly men without T2D than with T2D (P = 0.007). Taken together, our results demonstrated that 12 weeks of RT induced an overall significant reduction of FGF-21 and myostatin in elderly men with and without T2D; with higher reduction of myostatin in elderly men without T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shabkhiz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamilia Moghadami
- Department of pure and basic science, Hashtgerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Physical Exercise and Myokines: Relationships with Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103607. [PMID: 32443765 PMCID: PMC7279354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of secreting different factors in order to communicate with other tissues. These mediators, the myokines, show potentially far-reaching effects on non-muscle tissues and can provide a molecular interaction between muscle and body physiology. Sarcopenia is a chronic degenerative neuromuscular disease closely related to cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure, which influences the production and release of myokines. Our objective was to explore the relationship between myokines, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions of myokines include regulation of energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, free fatty acid oxidation, adipocyte browning, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, and general metabolism. A sedentary lifestyle accelerates the aging process and is a risk factor for developing sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, and CVD. Increased adipose tissue resulting from the decrease in muscle mass in patients with sarcopenia may also be involved in the pathology of CVD. Myokines are protagonists in the complex condition of sarcopenia, which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CVD. The discovery of new pathways and the link between myokines and CVD remain a cornerstone toward multifaceted interventions and perhaps the minimization of the damage resulting from muscle loss induced by factors such as atherosclerosis.
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