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Li Q, Shan X, Yuan Y, Ye W, Fang X. Shegan-Mahuang decoction ameliorates cold-induced asthma via regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of airway smooth muscle cells through TAS2R10: An in vivo and in vitro study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118504. [PMID: 38950796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shegan-Mahuang Decoction (SMD) is a classical formula that has been used to effectively treat cold-induced asthma (CA) for 1800 years. Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play a crucial role in airway remodeling of CA and can be modulated through bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptors (TAS2Rs). Given that SMD contains numerous bitter herbs and TAS2R10 expression in ASMCs remains consistently high, it is pertinent to explore whether SMD regulates ASMCs via TAS2R10 to exert its CA mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the efficacy as well as the potential mechanism of SMD in CA. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, experiments in vivo were conducted using the CA rat model induced by ovalbumin (OVA) along with cold stimulation. The effects of SMD and TAS2R10 expression in CA rats were evaluated using the following methods: clinical symptoms, weights, pathological staining, immunofluorescence staining (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB). Assays in vitro including cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), ELISA, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, RT-qPCR and WB were performed to investigate potential mechanism of SMD on the proliferation and apoptosis of ASMCs through upregulation of TAS2R10. RESULTS The administration of SMD resulted in a notable improvement in the symptoms, trends in weight, airway inflammation and airway remodeling observed in CA rats with upregulated TAS2R10. Mechanistically, we furtherly confirmed that SMD inhibits p70S6K/CyclinD1 pathway by upregulating TAS2R10. SMD furthermore blocked the G0/G1 phase, suppressed the proliferation and inducted apoptosis in ASMCs induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Erythromycin (EM), a TAS2R10 agonist, can intensify these effects. CONCLUSIONS SMD significantly ameliorates CA by upregulating TAS2R10 and inhibiting the p70S6K/CyclinD1 pathway, thereby modulating ASMCs' proliferation and apoptosis. Inspired by the Five Flavors Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, this study provides an updated treatment perspective for treating CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Yamei Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Weidong Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Xiangming Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Grădinaru TC, Vlad A, Gilca M. Bitter Phytochemicals as Novel Candidates for Skin Disease Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:299-326. [PMID: 38248322 PMCID: PMC10814078 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases represent a global healthcare challenge due to their rising incidence and substantial socio-economic burden. While biological, immunological, and targeted therapies have brought a revolution in improving quality of life and survival rates for certain dermatological conditions, there remains a stringent demand for new remedies. Nature has long served as an inspiration for drug development. Recent studies have identified bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in both skin cell lines and human skin. Additionally, bitter natural compounds have shown promising benefits in addressing skin aging, wound healing, inflammatory skin conditions, and even skin cancer. Thus, TAS2Rs may represent a promising target in all these processes. In this review, we summarize evidence supporting the presence of TAS2Rs in the skin and emphasize their potential as drug targets for addressing skin aging, wound healing, inflammatory skin conditions, and skin carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is a pioneering work in connecting information on TAS2Rs expression in skin and skin cells with the impact of bitter phytochemicals on various beneficial effects related to skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora-Cristiana Grădinaru
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (T.-C.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Adelina Vlad
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Gilca
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (T.-C.G.); (M.G.)
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Grădinaru TC, Gilca M, Vlad A, Dragoș D. Relevance of Phytochemical Taste for Anti-Cancer Activity: A Statistical Inquiry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16227. [PMID: 38003415 PMCID: PMC10671173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting inflammation and the pathways linking inflammation with cancer is an innovative therapeutic strategy. Tastants are potential candidates for this approach, since taste receptors display various biological functions, including anti-inflammatory activity (AIA). The present study aims to explore the power different tastes have to predict a phytochemical's anti-cancer properties. It also investigates whether anti-inflammatory phytocompounds also have anti-cancer effects, and whether there are tastes that can better predict a phytochemical's bivalent biological activity. Data from the PlantMolecularTasteDB, containing a total of 1527 phytochemicals, were used. Out of these, only 624 phytocompounds met the inclusion criterion of having 40 hits in a PubMed search, using the name of the phytochemical as the keyword. Among them, 461 phytochemicals were found to possess anti-cancer activity (ACA). The AIA and ACA of phytochemicals were strongly correlated, irrespective of taste/orosensation or chemical class. Bitter taste was positively correlated with ACA, while sweet taste was negatively correlated. Among chemical classes, only flavonoids (which are most frequently bitter) had a positive association with both AIA and ACA, a finding confirming that taste has predictive primacy over chemical class. Therefore, bitter taste receptor agonists and sweet taste receptor antagonists may have a beneficial effect in slowing down the progression of inflammation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora-Cristiana Grădinaru
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marilena Gilca
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adelina Vlad
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dorin Dragoș
- Department of Medical Semiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- 1st Internal Medicine Clinic, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Zheng Z, Li X, Chen G, Chen J, Zhu X, Teng Y. Transcriptome analyses reveal new insights on key determinants of perineural invasion in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1109710. [PMID: 37799274 PMCID: PMC10548129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is a pathological feature of many cancers associated with poor outcomes, metastases, and recurrence. In relation to ovarian cancer (OC), there is no information about PNI's role and mechanisms. Our study found that patients with PNI-positive symptoms had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) time than patients with PNI-negative symptoms. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that PNI represented a substantial independent prognostic factor in OC patients. At the transcriptome level, it is noteworthy that PNI positivity was negatively correlated with the degree of infiltration of immune killer cells in OC tumor tissues, including macrophage, central memory CD4 T-cell, natural killer cells, monocyte, and central memory CD4 T-cell. The results of this study revealed that TAS2Rs proteins were markedly upregulated in PNI-positive OC tissues and predicted poor prognoses. Moreover, Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the TAS2R10 protein was associated with poor prognoses and PNI in OC. Consequently, we found for the first time that PNI was a powerful predictor of poor prognosis in OC and analyzed its expression pattern and some preliminary biochemical characterization, providing new clues for guiding clinical prevention and treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yincheng Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wong SWH, Pastrello C, Kotlyar M, Faloutsos C, Jurisica I. USNAP: fast unique dense region detection and its application to lung cancer. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad477. [PMID: 37527019 PMCID: PMC10425186 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Many real-world problems can be modeled as annotated graphs. Scalable graph algorithms that extract actionable information from such data are in demand since these graphs are large, varying in topology, and have diverse node/edge annotations. When these graphs change over time they create dynamic graphs, and open the possibility to find patterns across different time points. In this article, we introduce a scalable algorithm that finds unique dense regions across time points in dynamic graphs. Such algorithms have applications in many different areas, including the biological, financial, and social domains. RESULTS There are three important contributions to this manuscript. First, we designed a scalable algorithm, USNAP, to effectively identify dense subgraphs that are unique to a time stamp given a dynamic graph. Importantly, USNAP provides a lower bound of the density measure in each step of the greedy algorithm. Second, insights and understanding obtained from validating USNAP on real data show its effectiveness. While USNAP is domain independent, we applied it to four non-small cell lung cancer gene expression datasets. Stages in non-small cell lung cancer were modeled as dynamic graphs, and input to USNAP. Pathway enrichment analyses and comprehensive interpretations from literature show that USNAP identified biologically relevant mechanisms for different stages of cancer progression. Third, USNAP is scalable, and has a time complexity of O(m+mc log nc+nc log nc), where m is the number of edges, and n is the number of vertices in the dynamic graph; mc is the number of edges, and nc is the number of vertices in the collapsed graph. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The code of USNAP is available at https://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~juris/data/USNAP22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene W H Wong
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder
Arthritis Institute, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue,
Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder
Arthritis Institute, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue,
Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder
Arthritis Institute, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue,
Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Christos Faloutsos
- Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder
Arthritis Institute, and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil
Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue,
Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 40 St. George Street, Room
4283, Toronto, ON, M5S 2E4, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer
Research Tower, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Room 15-701, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7,
Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, vvi, Dubravská cesta 9, 845
10 Bratislava 45, Slovakia
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6
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Kouakou YI, Lee RJ. Interkingdom Detection of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules by Mammalian Taste Receptors. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1295. [PMID: 37317269 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter and sweet taste G protein-coupled receptors (known as T2Rs and T1Rs, respectively) were originally identified in type II taste cells on the tongue, where they signal perception of bitter and sweet tastes, respectively. Over the past ~15 years, taste receptors have been identified in cells all over the body, demonstrating a more general chemosensory role beyond taste. Bitter and sweet taste receptors regulate gut epithelial function, pancreatic β cell secretion, thyroid hormone secretion, adipocyte function, and many other processes. Emerging data from a variety of tissues suggest that taste receptors are also used by mammalian cells to "eavesdrop" on bacterial communications. These receptors are activated by several quorum-sensing molecules, including acyl-homoserine lactones and quinolones from Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, competence stimulating peptides from Streptococcus mutans, and D-amino acids from Staphylococcus aureus. Taste receptors are an arm of immune surveillance similar to Toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors. Because they are activated by quorum-sensing molecules, taste receptors report information about microbial population density based on the chemical composition of the extracellular environment. This review summarizes current knowledge of bacterial activation of taste receptors and identifies important questions remaining in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yobouet Ines Kouakou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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7
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Tiroch J, Dunkel A, Sterneder S, Zehentner S, Behrens M, Di Pizio A, Ley JP, Lieder B, Somoza V. Human Gingival Fibroblasts as a Novel Cell Model Describing the Association between Bitter Taste Thresholds and Interleukin-6 Release. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5314-5325. [PMID: 36943188 PMCID: PMC10080686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1 cells) present an important cell model to investigate the gingiva's response to inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS). Recently, we demonstrated trans-resveratrol to repress the Pg-LPS evoked release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) via involvement of bitter taste sensing receptor TAS2R50 in HGF-1 cells. Since HGF-1 cells express most of the known 25 TAS2Rs, we hypothesized an association between a compound's bitter taste threshold and its repressing effect on the Pg-LPS evoked IL-6 release by HGF-1 cells. To verify our hypothesis, 11 compounds were selected from the chemical bitter space and subjected to the HGF-1 cell assay, spanning a concentration range between 0.1 μM and 50 mM. In the first set of experiments, the specific role of TAS2R50 was excluded by results from structurally diverse TAS2R agonists and antagonists and by means of a molecular docking approach. In the second set of experiments, the HGF-1 cell response was used to establish a linear association between a compound's effective concentration to repress the Pg-LPS evoked IL-6 release by 25% and its bitter taste threshold concentration published in the literature. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed for this linear association was R2 = 0.60 (p < 0.01), exceeding respective data for the test compounds from a well-established native cell model, the HGT-1 cells, with R2 = 0.153 (p = 0.263). In conclusion, we provide a predictive model for bitter tasting compounds with a potential to act as anti-inflammatory substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tiroch
- Department
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of
Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Sonja Sterneder
- Department
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sofie Zehentner
- Department
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maik Behrens
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of
Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of
Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Lieder
- Department
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department
of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of
Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
- Chair
for Nutritional Systems Biology, Technical
University Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
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Shimizu T, Fujii T, Hanita K, Shinozaki R, Takamura Y, Suzuki Y, Kageyama T, Kato M, Nishijo H, Tominaga M, Sakai H. Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 channel contributes to the bitter aftertaste perception of quinine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4271. [PMID: 36922541 PMCID: PMC10017821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitterness is an important physiological function in the defense responses to avoid toxic foods. The taste receptor 2 family is well known to mediate bitter taste perception in Type II taste cells. Here, we report that the polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 (PKD2L1) channel is a novel sensor for the bitter aftertaste in Type III taste cells. The PKD2L1 channel showed rebound activation after the washout of quinine, a bitter tastant, in electrophysiological whole-cell recordings of the PKD2L1-expressing HEK293T cells and Ca2+-imaging analysis of Type III taste cells isolated from wild-type PKD2L1 mice. In the short-term two-bottle preference and lick tests in vivo, the wild-type mice avoided normal water while the PKD2L1-knockout mice preferred normal water after they ingested the quinine-containing water. These results may explain the new mechanism of the quinine-triggered bitter aftertaste perception in Type III taste cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Takuto Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hanita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryo Shinozaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Suzuki
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Teppei Kageyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Welcome MO, Dogo D, Nikos E Mastorakis. Cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways linking bitter taste receptor signalling to cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction in heart diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:89-117. [PMID: 36471190 PMCID: PMC9734786 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases and related complications constitute a leading cause of death and socioeconomic threat worldwide. Despite intense efforts and research on the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. Several lines of evidence indicate a critical role of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the development and progression of heart diseases. Nevertheless, the molecular machinery that drives cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress is not completely known. Recent data suggest an important role of cardiac bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in the pathogenetic mechanism of heart diseases. Independent groups of researchers have demonstrated a central role of TAS2Rs in mediating inflammatory, oxidative stress responses, autophagy, impulse generation/propagation and contractile activities in the heart, suggesting that dysfunctional TAS2R signalling may predispose to cardiac inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders, characterised by contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia. Moreover, cardiac TAS2Rs act as gateway surveillance units that monitor and detect toxigenic or pathogenic molecules, including microbial components, and initiate responses that ultimately culminate in protection of the host against the aggression. Unfortunately, however, the molecular mechanisms that link TAS2R sensing of the cardiac milieu to inflammatory and oxidative stress responses are not clearly known. Therefore, we sought to review the possible role of TAS2R signalling in the pathophysiology of cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction in heart diseases. Potential therapeutic significance of targeting TAS2R or its downstream signalling molecules in cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Plot 681 Cadastral Zone, C-00 Research and Institution Area, Jabi Airport Road Bypass, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Dilli Dogo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nikos E Mastorakis
- Technical University of Sofia, Klement Ohridksi 8, Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
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10
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Carey RM, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Lee RJ. Loss of CFTR function is associated with reduced bitter taste receptor-stimulated nitric oxide innate immune responses in nasal epithelial cells and macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1096242. [PMID: 36742335 PMCID: PMC9890060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G protein-coupled receptors identified on the tongue but expressed all over the body, including in airway cilia and macrophages, where T2Rs serve an immune role. T2R isoforms detect bitter metabolites (quinolones and acyl-homoserine lactones) secreted by gram negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF). T2R activation by bitter bacterial products triggers calcium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production. In airway cells, the NO increases mucociliary clearance and has direct antibacterial properties. In macrophages, the same pathway enhances phagocytosis. Because prior studies linked CF with reduced NO, we hypothesized that CF cells may have reduced T2R/NO responses, possibly contributing to reduced innate immunity in CF. Methods Immunofluorescence, qPCR, and live cell imaging were used to measure T2R localization, calcium and NO signaling, ciliary beating, and antimicrobial responses in air-liquid interface cultures of primary human nasal epithelial cells and immortalized bronchial cell lines. Immunofluorescence and live cell imaging was used to measure T2R signaling and phagocytosis in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Results Primary nasal epithelial cells from both CF and non-CF patients exhibited similar T2R expression, localization, and calcium signals. However, CF cells exhibited reduced NO production also observed in immortalized CFBE41o- CF cells and non-CF 16HBE cells CRISPR modified with CF-causing mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). NO was restored by VX-770/VX-809 corrector/potentiator pre-treatment, suggesting reduced NO in CF cells is due to loss of CFTR function. In nasal cells, reduced NO correlated with reduced ciliary and antibacterial responses. In primary human macrophages, inhibition of CFTR reduced NO production and phagocytosis during T2R stimulation. Conclusions Together, these data suggest an intrinsic deficiency in T2R/NO signaling caused by loss of CFTR function that may contribute to intrinsic susceptibilities of CF patients to P. aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria that activate T2Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James N Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) Nutritional and Phenolic Composition Interactions with Chestnut Flavor Physiology. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244052. [PMID: 36553794 PMCID: PMC9777662 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), is an environmentally and economically important species in Europe, mainly for fruit production. The chestnut fruit is well-known for its nutritional properties, namely its high concentration of carbohydrates (starch) and its low-fat content, as well as being one of the few fruits that do not contain gluten. Due to its chemical and nutritional characteristics beneficial to health, the sweet chestnut is a food recommended at different levels. The biochemistry of the mouth and nose of a human being is very complex. However, understanding the different interactions between the biochemistry of our sensory organs and food helps us to comprehend certain concepts, such as flavor and how it is involved in the sensory evaluation of the chestnuts. For the selection of high-quality products, it is necessary to develop reliable methods both from a qualitative and sensory point of view, and chestnut is a fruit with unique sensory characteristics that can be used in various gastronomic dishes, from main courses to desserts.
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Talmon M, Pollastro F, Fresu LG. The Complex Journey of the Calcium Regulation Downstream of TAS2R Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223638. [PMID: 36429066 PMCID: PMC9688576 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) have recently arisen as a potential drug target for asthma due to their localization in airway cells. These receptors are expressed in all cell types of the respiratory system comprising epithelial, smooth muscle and immune cells; however, the expression pattern of the subtypes is different in each cell type and, accordingly, so is their role, for example, anti-inflammatory or bronchodilator. The most challenging aspect in studying TAS2Rs has been the identification of the downstream signaling cascades. Indeed, TAS2R activation leads to canonical IP3-dependent calcium release from the ER, but, alongside, there are other mechanisms that differ according to the histological localization. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cytosolic calcium modulation downstream of TAS2R activation in the epithelial, smooth muscle and immune cells of the airway system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (L.G.F.); Tel.: +39-0321-660589 (M.T.); +39-0321-660687 (L.G.F.)
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luigia Grazia Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (L.G.F.); Tel.: +39-0321-660589 (M.T.); +39-0321-660687 (L.G.F.)
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Dragoș D, Petran M, Gradinaru TC, Gilca M. Phytochemicals and Inflammation: Is Bitter Better? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212991. [PMID: 36365444 PMCID: PMC9654259 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The taste of a herb influences its use in traditional medicine. A molecular basis for the taste-based patterns ruling the distribution of herbal (ethno) pharmacological activities may not be excluded. This study investigated the potential correlations between the anti-inflammatory activity (AIA) and the phytocompound taste and/or its chemical class. The study relies on information gathered by an extensive literature (articles, books, databases) search and made public as PlantMolecularTasteDB. Out of a total of 1527 phytotastants with reliably documented taste and structure available in PlantMolecularTasteDB, 592 (for each of which at least 40 hits were found on PubMed searches) were included in the statistical analysis. A list of 1836 putative molecular targets of these phytotastants was afterwards generated with SwissTargetPrediction tool. These targets were systematically evaluated for their potential role in inflammation using an international databases search. The correlations between phytochemical taste and AIA, between chemical class and AIA, and between the taste and the number of inflammation related targets were statistically analyzed. Phytochemical taste may be a better predictor of AIA than the chemical class. Bitter phytocompounds have a higher probability of exerting AIA when compared with otherwise phytotastants. Moreover, bitter phytotastants act upon more inflammation related targets than non-bitter tasting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Dragoș
- Department of Medical Semiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- 1st Internal Medicine Clinic, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Madalina Petran
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora-Cristiana Gradinaru
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Gilca
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Czerwaty K, Piszczatowska K, Brzost J, Ludwig N, Szczepański MJ, Dżaman K. Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102361. [PMID: 36292050 PMCID: PMC9600442 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is related to persistent inflammation with a dysfunctional relationship between environmental agents and the host immune system. Disturbances in the functioning of the sinus mucosa lead to common clinical symptoms. The major processes involved in the pathogenesis of CRS include airway epithelial dysfunctions that are influenced by external and host-derived factors which activate multiple immunological mechanisms. The molecular bases for CRS remain unclear, although some factors commonly correspond to the disease: bacterial, fungal and viral infections, comorbidity diseases, genetic dysfunctions, and immunodeficiency. Additionally, air pollution leads increased severity of symptoms. CRS is a heterogeneous group of sinus diseases with different clinical courses and response to treatment. Immunological pathways vary depending on the endotype or genotype of the patient. The recent knowledge expansion into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRS is leading to a steadily increasing significance of precision medicine in the treatment of CRS. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the immunological aspects of CRS, which are essential for ensuring more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czerwaty
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Brzost
- The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mirosław J. Szczepański
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Dżaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Mantov N, Zrounba M, Brollo M, Grassin-Delyle S, Glorion M, David M, Naline E, Devillier P, Salvator H. Ruxolitinib inhibits cytokine production by human lung macrophages without impairing phagocytic ability. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896167. [PMID: 36059986 PMCID: PMC9437255 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has been approved in an indication of myelofibrosis and is a candidate for the treatment of a number of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. We assessed the effects of ruxolitinib on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and poly (I:C)-induced cytokine production by human lung macrophages (LMs) and on the LMs’ phagocytic activity.Methods: Human LMs were isolated from patients operated on for lung carcinoma. The LMs were cultured with ruxolitinib (0.5 × 10−7 M to 10–5 M) or budesonide (10–11 to 10–8 M) and then stimulated with LPS (10 ng·ml−1) or poly (I:C) (10 μg·ml−1) for 24 h. Cytokines released by the LMs into the supernatants were measured using ELISAs. The phagocytosis of labelled bioparticles was assessed using flow cytometry.Results: Ruxolitinib inhibited both the LPS- and poly (I:C)-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, chemokines CCL2, and CXCL10 in a concentration-dependent manner. Ruxolitinib also inhibited the poly (I:C)- induced (but not the LPS-induced) production of IL-1ß. Budesonide inhibited cytokine production more strongly than ruxolitinib but failed to mitigate the production of CXCL10. The LMs’ phagocytic activity was not impaired by the highest tested concentration (10–5 M) of ruxolitinib.Conclusion: Clinically relevant concentrations of ruxolitinib inhibited the LPS- and poly (I:C)-stimulated production of cytokines by human LMs but did not impair their phagocytic activity. Overall, ruxolitinib’s anti-inflammatory activities are less intense than (but somewhat different from) those of budesonide—particularly with regard to the production of the corticosteroid-resistant chemokine CXCL-10. Our results indicate that treatment with a JAK inhibitor might be a valuable anti-inflammatory strategy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Th1-high asthma, and both viral and non-viral acute respiratory distress syndromes (including coronavirus disease 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Mantov
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
| | - Mathilde Zrounba
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Marion Brollo
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
| | - S Grassin-Delyle
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- Infection and Inflammation, Health Biotechnology Department, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, INSERM, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Matthieu Glorion
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Mélanie David
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
| | - Emmanuel Naline
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Devillier
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ Paris-Saclay University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Hélène Salvator
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology—Virologie et Immunologie Moleculaire (VIM) Suresnes, V2I—UMR-0892 Paris Saclay University, Suresnes, France
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, UVSQ Paris-Saclay University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- *Correspondence: Hélène Salvator,
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Kobayashi D, Watarai T, Ozawa M, Kanda Y, Saika F, Kiguchi N, Takeuchi A, Ikawa M, Matsuzaki S, Katakai T. Tas2R signaling enhances mouse neutrophil migration via a ROCK-dependent pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973880. [PMID: 36059440 PMCID: PMC9436316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 bitter taste receptors (Tas2Rs) are a large family of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in the oral cavity and serve to detect substances with bitter tastes in foods and medicines. Recent evidence suggests that Tas2Rs are also expressed extraorally, including in immune cells. However, the role of Tas2Rs in immune cells remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate that Tas2R126, Tas2R135, and Tas2R143 are expressed in mouse neutrophils, but not in other immune cells such as macrophages or T and B lymphocytes. Treatment of bone marrow-derived neutrophils from wild-type mice with the Tas2R126/143 agonists arbutin and d-salicin led to enhanced C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2)-stimulated migration in vitro, but this response was not observed in neutrophils from Tas2r126/135/143-deficient mice. Enhancement of CXCL2-stimulated migration by Tas2R agonists was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) and was blocked by pretreatment of neutrophils with inhibitors of Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), but not by inhibitors of the small GTPase RhoA. Taken together, these results demonstrate that mouse neutrophils express functional Tas2R126/143 and suggest a role for Tas2R126/143–ROCK–MLC2-dependent signaling in the regulation of neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daichi Kobayashi, ; ; Tomoya Katakai,
| | - Tomoya Watarai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Madoka Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kanda
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Saika
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Arata Takeuchi
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science Technology, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomoya Katakai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daichi Kobayashi, ; ; Tomoya Katakai,
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Kang W, Wang Y, Li J, Xie W, Zhao D, Wu L, Wang H, Xie S. TAS2R supports odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in the inflammatory microenvironment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:374. [PMID: 35902880 PMCID: PMC9331142 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory microenvironment promotes odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of TAS2R in odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs in the inflammatory microenvironment. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to explore the differential mRNA profiles in inflammatory and healthy pulp tissues from the patients. hDPSCs isolated from the healthy pulp tissues were stimulated by LPS, TNFα and IL-6, respectively, to verify the effect of TAS2R. The expression markers related to odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs were observed by qPCR and chemical staining methods. TAS2R10 was overexpressed or silenced to observe the effect on odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs under LPS stimulation. The G protein and intracellular Ca2+ were detected, respectively, by qPCR and Fluo-4AM Ca2+ fluorescent probe. Results The expression of TAS2R was significantly upregulated in the inflammatory pulp tissues. In vitro, 5 subtypes of TAS2R mRNA expressions including TAS2R10, TAS2R14, TAS2R19, TAS2R30 and TAS2R31 in hDPSCs increased under the stimulation of LPS, TNFα or IL-6. In odontoblastic differentiation medium, we found LPS, TNFα or IL-6 stimulation promoted odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. TAS2R10 overexpression in hDPSCs significantly increased the expression markers related to odontoblastic differentiation, whereas TAS2R10 silencing revealed the opposite effect. Furthermore, G protein was activated, and at the same time, intracellular Ca2+ enhanced when TAS2R10 was overexpressed, but decreased when TAS2R10 was silenced. Conclusions This study demonstrated that TAS2R was found to be expressed in hDPSCs, and TAS2R promoted odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs by mediating the increase in intracellular Ca2+ via the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) conventional signaling pathway in inflammatory microenvironment, which may be a potential target for the development of effective conservative treatments for dental pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Kang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weige Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Sijing Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Famotidine and Treatment of COVID-19 Patients. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid-106311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Carey RM, Hariri BM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. HSP90 Modulates T2R Bitter Taste Receptor Nitric Oxide Production and Innate Immune Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Macrophages. Cells 2022; 11:1478. [PMID: 35563784 PMCID: PMC9101439 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed in various cell types including ciliated airway epithelial cells and macrophages. T2Rs in these two innate immune cell types are activated by bitter products, including those secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, leading to Ca2+-dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS). NO enhances mucociliary clearance and has direct antibacterial effects in ciliated epithelial cells. NO also increases phagocytosis by macrophages. Using biochemistry and live-cell imaging, we explored the role of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in regulating T2R-dependent NO pathways in primary sinonasal epithelial cells, primary monocyte-derived macrophages, and a human bronchiolar cell line (H441). Immunofluorescence showed that H441 cells express eNOS and T2Rs and that the bitter agonist denatonium benzoate activates NO production in a Ca2+- and HSP90-dependent manner in cells grown either as submerged cultures or at the air-liquid interface. In primary sinonasal epithelial cells, we determined that HSP90 inhibition reduces T2R-stimulated NO production and ciliary beating, which likely limits pathogen clearance. In primary monocyte-derived macrophages, we found that HSP-90 is integral to T2R-stimulated NO production and phagocytosis of FITC-labeled Escherichia coli and pHrodo-Staphylococcus aureus. Our study demonstrates that HSP90 serves as an innate immune modulator by regulating NO production downstream of T2R signaling by augmenting eNOS activation without impairing upstream Ca2+ signaling. These findings suggest that HSP90 plays an important role in airway antibacterial innate immunity and may be an important target in airway diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, or cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Benjamin M. Hariri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.M.H.); (N.D.A.); (J.N.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Maki P, Itharat A, Thongdeeying P, Tuy-On T, Kuropakornpong P, Pipatrattanaseree W, Mingmalairak C, Davies NM. Ethnopharmacological nexus between the traditional Thai medicine theory and biologically based cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114932. [PMID: 34953977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The two major theories utilized for diagnosis and treatment in Traditional Thai Medicine (TTM) are the Four Element Theory and the Herbal Flavor Theory. A TTM "Poh-Pu" Remedy has been effectively utilized in Thailand for cancer therapy for centuries. AIMS OF STUDY To investigate anti-inflammatory activity and liver cancer cytotoxicity of Poh-Pu remedy. To determine relationships between the TTM Herbal Flavor theory and the Four Element theory and total flavonoid content and biological activities of Poh-Pu Remedy plant extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each plant ingredient was macerated with 95% ethanol. The extracts were investigated for cytotoxic activity against liver cancer using a sulforhodamine B assay, and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by inhibition of nitric oxide production. The total flavonoid content was determined by an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The relationships between the TTM theories, total flavonoid content, and biological activities were evaluated by correlation and cluster analysis. RESULTS Mammea siamensis exerted potent cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines with an IC50 of 3.15 ± 0.16 μg/mL and low cytotoxicity to the non-cancerous cells (HaCat) with an IC50 33.39 ± 0.40 μg/mL (Selective index (SI) = 10.6). Tiliacora triandra was selectively cytotoxic to cholangiocarcinama (KKU-M156) cells with an IC50 of 12.65 ± 0.92 μg/mL (SI = 6.4). Curcuma comosa was the most potent anti-inflammatory inhibitor of nitric oxide production with an IC50 of 2.75 ± 0.34 μg/mL. Campomanesia aromatica exhibited the highest total flavonoid content of 259.7 ± 3.21 mg quercetin equivalent/g. Pungent plants were most prevalent in the TTM remedy. CONCLUSION Pungent, fragrant, bitter and nauseating plants utilized in TTM cancer remedy were successfully investigated and identified several lead plants and components with cytotoxic and antiinflammatory activity that require further study. The TTM wind element theory appeared to be aligned with cancer-related activity. Biological activity results of taste from herbs related with The TTM Herbal Flavor theory. The extra-oral locations of flavor receptors are a promising target for biological activity of TTM which require further scrutiny and identified several lead plants and components with cytotoxic and antiinflammatory activities that also require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponlawat Maki
- Student of Doctor of Philosophy (Applied Thai Traditional Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Pakakrong Thongdeeying
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Thammarat Tuy-On
- Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Pranporn Kuropakornpong
- Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Weerachai Pipatrattanaseree
- Regional Medical Science Center 12 Songkhla, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, 90100, Thailand.
| | - Chatchai Mingmalairak
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Department of Surgery and Research Group in Thai Herbs and Traditional Remedy for Cancer Patients, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Neal M Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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21
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Dong H, Liu J, Zhu J, Zhou Z, Tizzano M, Peng X, Zhou X, Xu X, Zheng X. Oral Microbiota-Host Interaction Mediated by Taste Receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:802504. [PMID: 35425718 PMCID: PMC9004699 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.802504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste receptors, originally identified in taste buds, function as the periphery receptors for taste stimuli and play an important role in food choice. Cohort studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms of taste receptors such as T1R1, T1R2, T2R38 are associated with susceptibility to oral diseases like dental caries. Recent studies have demonstrated the wide expression of taste receptors in various tissues, including intestinal epithelia, respiratory tract, and gingiva, with an emerging role of participating in the interaction between mucosa surface and microorganisms via monitoring a wide range of metabolites. On the one hand, individuals with different oral microbiomes exhibited varied taste sensitivity, suggesting a potential impact of the oral microbiota composition on taste receptor function. On the other hand, animal studies and in vitro studies have uncovered that a variety of oral cells expressing taste receptors such as gingival solitary chemosensory cells, gingival epithelial cells (GECs), and gingival fibroblasts can detect bacterial signals through bitter taste receptors to trigger host innate immune responses, thus regulating oral microbial homeostasis. This review focuses on how taste receptors, particularly bitter and sweet taste receptors, mediate the oral microbiota-host interaction as well as impact the occurrence and development of oral diseases. Further studies delineating the role of taste receptors in mediating oral microbiota-host interaction will advance our knowledge in oral ecological homeostasis establishment, providing a novel paradigm and treatment target for the better management of dental infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Marco Tizzano
- Basic and Translation Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zheng, ; Xin Xu,
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zheng, ; Xin Xu,
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22
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New values of a type 2 taste receptor TAS2R14 in thyroid cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:587-589. [PMID: 35607961 PMCID: PMC9828633 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Kulichová I, Mouterde M, Mokhtar MG, Diallo I, Tříska P, Diallo YM, Hofmanová Z, Poloni ES, Černý V. Demographic history was a formative mechanism of the genetic structure for the taste receptor TAS2R16 in human populations inhabiting Africa's Sahel/Savannah Belt. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 177:540-555. [PMID: 34846066 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mode of subsistence is an important factor influencing dietary habits and the genetic structure of various populations through differential intensity of gene flow and selection pressures. Previous studies suggest that in Africa Taste 2 Receptor Member 16 (TAS2R16), which encodes the 7-transmembrane receptor protein for bitterness, might also be under positive selection pressure. METHODS However, since sampling coverage of populations was limited, we created a new TAS2R16 population dataset from across the African Sahel/Savannah belt representing various local populations of differing subsistence modes, linguistic affiliations, and geographic provenience. We sequenced the TAS2R16 exon gene and analyzed 2250 haplotypes among 19 populations. RESULTS We found no evidence for selection as a driving force of genetic variation at this locus; instead, we discovered a highly significant correlation between TAS2R16 genetic and geographical distances based on provenience of the sampled populations, strongly suggesting that genetic drift most likely prevailed over positive selection at this specific locus. We also found significant correlations with other independent loci, mainly in sedentary farmers. DISCUSSION Our results do not support the notion that the genetic diversity of TAS2R16 in Sahelian populations was shaped by selective pressures. This could result from several alternative and not mutually exclusive mechanisms, of which the possibility that, due to the pleiotropic nature of TAS2R16, selective pressures on other traits could counterbalance those acting on bitter taste perception, or that the change of diet in the Neolithic generally relaxed selective pressure on this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Kulichová
- Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Médéric Mouterde
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed G Mokhtar
- Arabic Department, Faculty of Arts, University of Kordofan, Al-Ubayyid, Sudan
| | - Issa Diallo
- Département de Linguistique et Langues Nationales, Institut des Sciences des Sociétés, CNRST, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Petr Tříska
- Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yoro Mame Diallo
- Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hofmanová
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Archaeology and Museology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Estella S Poloni
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viktor Černý
- Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Abstract
Taste receptors are receptor proteins that detect ligands belonging to the 5 taste modalities: sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami. Taste receptors are not restricted to taste cells in taste buds; rather, they are distributed throughout the entire body. For example, solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) and tuft cells express taste signal proteins and are present in several mucosae. In the airways, SCCs sense bacteria, allergens, viruses, and noxious stimuli and drive evasive behavior, neuroinflammation, and antibacterial responses. In the gut, tuft cells detect helminth infection and bacterial dysbiosis and initiate type II immune responses characterized by tissue remodeling. In the gingiva, SCCs detect oral pathogenic bacteria, evoke innate immune responses and release antimicrobial compounds in the epithelium, and regulate the microbiome composition. This review summarizes the most recent research on extragustatory taste receptors and their function in antibacterial defense. We also discuss how these findings have provided insights into the development of potential therapeutic strategies for mucosal bacterial infection and dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xi
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China.,Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - X Zheng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - M Tizzano
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Grau-Bové C, Grau-Bové X, Terra X, Garcia-Vallve S, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltran-Debón R, Blay MT, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Functional and genomic comparative study of the bitter taste receptor family TAS2R: Insight into the role of human TAS2R5. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22175. [PMID: 35107858 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101128rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bitterness is perceived in humans by 25 subtypes of bitter taste receptors (hTAS2R) that range from broadly tuned to more narrowly tuned receptors. hTAS2R5 is one of the most narrowly tuned bitter taste receptors in humans. In this study, we review the literature on this receptor and show there is no consensus about its role. We then compare the possible role of hTAS2R5 with that of the proteins of the TAS2R family in rat, mouse, and pig. A phylogenetic tree of all mammalian TAS2R domain-containing proteins showed that human hTAS2R5 has no ortholog in pig, mouse, or rat genomes. By comparing the agonists that are common to hTAS2R5 and other members of the family, we observed that hTAS2R39 is the receptor that shares most agonists with hTAS2R5. In mouse, some of these agonists activate mTas2r105 and mTas2r144, which are distant paralogs of hTAS2R5. mTas2r144 seems to be the receptor that is most similar to hTAS2R5 because they are both activated by the same agonists and have affinities in the same range of values. Then, we can conclude that hTAS2R5 has a unique functional specificity in humans as it is activated by selective agonists and that its closest functional homolog in mouse is the phylogenetically distant mTas2r144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Grau-Bové
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Grau-Bové
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santi Garcia-Vallve
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltran-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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26
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Jiang Q, Li C, Zeng W, Xu H, Li J, Zhang T, Deng G, Wang Y. Inhibition of Connexin 36 attenuates HMGB1-mediated depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2470. [PMID: 35089644 PMCID: PMC8865165 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) released by neurons and microglia was demonstrated to be an important mediator in depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), which could lead to the imbalance of two different metabolic approaches in kynurenine pathway (KP), thus enhancing glutamate transmission and exacerbating depressive-like behaviors. Evidence showed that HMGB1 signaling might be regulated by Connexin (Cx) 36 in inflammatory diseases of central nervous system (CNS). Our study aimed to further explore the role of Cx36 in depressive-like behaviors and its relationship with HMGB1. METHODS After 4-week chronic stress, behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate depressive-like behaviors, including sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and open field test (OFT). Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression and location of Cx36. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to detect the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. And the excitability and inward currents of hippocampal neurons were recorded by whole-cell patch clamping. RESULTS The expression of Cx36 was significantly increased in hippocampal neurons of mice exposed to CUMS, while treatment with glycyrrhizinic acid (GZA) or quinine could both down-regulate Cx36 and alleviate depressive-like behaviors. The proinflammatory cytokines like HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were all elevated by CUMS, and application of GZA and quinine could decrease them. In addition, the enhanced excitability and inward currents of hippocampal neurons induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be reduced by either GZA or quinine. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of Cx36 in hippocampal neurons might attenuates HMGB1-mediated depressive-like behaviors induced by CUMS through down-regulation of the proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of the excitability and intracellular ion overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of PsychologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Chao‐Ran Li
- Department of Nautical PsychologyFaculty of PsychologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Wen‐Feng Zeng
- Department of Nautical PsychologyFaculty of PsychologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Hui‐Jing Xu
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of PsychologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Jia‐Mei Li
- Department of Stress MedicineFaculty of PsychologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Nautical PsychologyFaculty of PsychologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Guang‐Hui Deng
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of PsychologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yun‐Xia Wang
- Department of Nautical PsychologyFaculty of PsychologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
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27
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Gradinaru TC, Petran M, Dragos D, Gilca M. PlantMolecularTasteDB: A Database of Taste Active Phytochemicals. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:751712. [PMID: 35095484 PMCID: PMC8789873 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora-Cristiana Gradinaru
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Petran
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dorin Dragos
- Department of Medical Semiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,1st Internal Medicine Clinic, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Gilca
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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28
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Catarina Duarte A, Raquel Costa A, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Preissner R, R A Santos C. The druggability of bitter taste receptors for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114915. [PMID: 35051386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain remains a major pharmacology challenge. A complex system of chemical surveillance to protect the brain from endogenous and exogenous toxicants at brain barriers hinders the uptake of many compounds with significant in vitro and ex vivo therapeutic properties. Despite the advances in the field in recent years, the components of this system are not completely understood. Recently, a large group of chemo-sensing receptors, have been identified in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Among these chemo-sensing receptors, bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) hold promise as potential drug targets, as many TAS2R bind compounds with recognized neuroprotective activity (quercetin, resveratrol, among others). Whether activation of TAS2R by their ligands contributes to their diverse biological actions described in other cells and tissues is still debatable. In this review, we discuss the potential role of TAS2R gene family as the mediators of the biological activity of their ligands for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and discuss their potential to counteract drug resistance by improving drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-IPG- Centro de Potencial e Inovação de Recursos Naturais- Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, 6300-559, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute of Physiology and Science-IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Philippstrasse 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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29
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Zhou Z, Xi R, Liu J, Peng X, Zhao L, Zhou X, Li J, Zheng X, Xu X. TAS2R16 Activation Suppresses LPS-Induced Cytokine Expression in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2022; 12:726546. [PMID: 34975834 PMCID: PMC8714777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained and non-resolved inflammation is a characteristic of periodontitis. Upon acute inflammation, gingival fibroblasts release cytokines to recruit immune cells to counter environmental stimuli. The intricate regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, is necessary to maintain periodontal homeostasis. Nonetheless, how inflammation is resolved has not yet been elucidated. In this study, 22 subtypes of taste receptor family 2 (TAS2Rs), as well as the downstream machineries of Gα-gustducin and phospholipase C-β2 (PLCβ2), were identified in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Various bitter agonists could induce an intensive cytosolic Ca2+ response in HGFs. More importantly, TAS2R16 was expressed at a relatively high level, and its agonist, salicin, showed robust Ca2+ evocative effects in HGFs. Activation of TAS2R16 signaling by salicin inhibited the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, at least in part, by repressing LPS-induced intracellular cAMP elevation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in HGFs. These findings indicate that TAS2Rs activation in HGFs may mediate endogenous pro-inflammation resolution by antagonizing NF-κB signaling, providing a novel paradigm and treatment target for the better management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ranhui Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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30
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Gundogdu P, Loucera C, Alamo-Alvarez I, Dopazo J, Nepomuceno I. Integrating pathway knowledge with deep neural networks to reduce the dimensionality in single-cell RNA-seq data. BioData Min 2022; 15:1. [PMID: 34980200 PMCID: PMC8722116 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-021-00285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data provide valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity which is significantly improving the current knowledge on biology and human disease. One of the main applications of scRNA-seq data analysis is the identification of new cell types and cell states. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are among the best methods to address this problem. However, this performance comes with the trade-off for a lack of interpretability in the results. In this work we propose an intelligible pathway-driven neural network to correctly solve cell-type related problems at single-cell resolution while providing a biologically meaningful representation of the data. Results In this study, we explored the deep neural networks constrained by several types of prior biological information, e.g. signaling pathway information, as a way to reduce the dimensionality of the scRNA-seq data. We have tested the proposed biologically-based architectures on thousands of cells of human and mouse origin across a collection of public datasets in order to check the performance of the model. Specifically, we tested the architecture across different validation scenarios that try to mimic how unknown cell types are clustered by the DNN and how it correctly annotates cell types by querying a database in a retrieval problem. Moreover, our approach demonstrated to be comparable to other less interpretable DNN approaches constrained by using protein-protein interactions gene regulation data. Finally, we show how the latent structure learned by the network could be used to visualize and to interpret the composition of human single cell datasets. Conclusions Here we demonstrate how the integration of pathways, which convey fundamental information on functional relationships between genes, with DNNs, that provide an excellent classification framework, results in an excellent alternative to learn a biologically meaningful representation of scRNA-seq data. In addition, the introduction of prior biological knowledge in the DNN reduces the size of the network architecture. Comparative results demonstrate a superior performance of this approach with respect to other similar approaches. As an additional advantage, the use of pathways within the DNN structure enables easy interpretability of the results by connecting features to cell functionalities by means of the pathway nodes, as demonstrated with an example with human melanoma tumor cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13040-021-00285-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Gundogdu
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Alamo-Alvarez
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.,Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area. Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS). CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain. .,Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Sevilla, Spain. .,Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Sevilla, Spain. .,FPS/ELIXIR-es, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 42013, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Isabel Nepomuceno
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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32
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Jalševac F, Terra X, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltran-Debón R, Blay MT, Pinent M, Ardévol A. The Hidden One: What We Know About Bitter Taste Receptor 39. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:854718. [PMID: 35345470 PMCID: PMC8957101 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.854718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thousands of years of evolution, animals have developed many ways to protect themselves. One of the most protective ways to avoid disease is to prevent the absorption of harmful components. This protective function is a basic role of bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), a G protein-coupled receptor family, whose presence in extraoral tissues has intrigued many researchers. In humans, there are 25 TAS2Rs, and although we know a great deal about some of them, others are still shrouded in mystery. One in this latter category is bitter taste receptor 39 (TAS2R39). Besides the oral cavity, it has also been found in the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems. TAS2R39 is a relatively non-selective receptor, which means that it can be activated by a range of mostly plant-derived compounds such as theaflavins, catechins and isoflavones. On the other hand, few antagonists for this receptor are available, since only some flavones have antagonistic properties (all of them detailed in the document). The primary role of TAS2R39 is to sense the bitter components of food and protect the organism from harmful compounds. There is also some indication that this bitter taste receptor regulates enterohormones and in turn, regulates food intake. In the respiratory system, it may be involved in the congestion process of allergic rhinitis and may stimulate inflammatory cytokines. However, more thorough research is needed to determine the precise role of TAS2R39 in these and other tissues.
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Chung MG, Kim Y, Cha YK, Park TH, Kim Y. Bitter taste receptors protect against skin aging by inhibiting cellular senescence and enhancing wound healing. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:1-13. [PMID: 35116124 PMCID: PMC8784259 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bitter taste receptors are taste signaling pathway mediators, and are also expressed and function in extra-gustatory organs. Skin aging affects the quality of life and may lead to medical issues. The purpose of this study was to better understand the anti-skin aging effects of bitter taste receptors in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aged human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. MATERIALS/METHODS Expressions of bitter taste receptors in HaCaT cells and mouse skin tissues were examined by polymerase chain reaction assay. Bitter taste receptor was overexpressed in HaCaT cells, and D-gal was treated to induce aging. We examined the effects of bitter taste receptors on aging by using β-galactosidase assay, wound healing assay, and Western blot assay. RESULTS TAS2R16 and TAS2R10 were expressed in HaCaT cells and were upregulated by D-gal treatment. TAS2R16 exerted protective effects against skin aging by regulating p53 and p21, antioxidant enzymes, the SIRT1/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. TAS2R10 was further examined to confirm a role of TAS2R16 in cellular senescence and wound healing in D-gal-induced aged HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a novel potential preventive role of these receptors on skin aging by regulating cellular senescence and wound healing in human keratinocyte, HaCaT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gi Chung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yerin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Cha
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Tiroch J, Sterneder S, Di Pizio A, Lieder B, Hoelz K, Holik AK, Pignitter M, Behrens M, Somoza M, Ley JP, Somoza V. Bitter Sensing TAS2R50 Mediates the trans-Resveratrol-Induced Anti-inflammatory Effect on Interleukin 6 Release in HGF-1 Cells in Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13339-13349. [PMID: 33461297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent data have shown anti-inflammatory effects for trans-resveratrol (RSV) and rosmarinic acid (RA) in various immune-competent cell models through reduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 6 (IL-6) release. Because both compounds have been reported to taste bitter, we hypothesized an involvement of human bitter taste sensing receptors (TAS2Rs) on IL-6 release in LPS-treated human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). First, the bitter taste intensity of RSV and RA was compared in a sensory trial with 10 untrained panelists, of whom 90% rated a 50 ppm of RSV in water solution more bitter than 50 ppm of RA. A mean 19 ± 6% reduction of the RSV-induced bitter taste intensity was achieved by co-administration of 50 ppm of the bitter-masking, TAS2R43 antagonist homoeriodictyol (HED). Mechanistic experiments in a stably CRISPR-Cas9-edited TAS2R43ko gastric cell model revealed involvement of TAS2R43 in the HED-evoked effect on RSV-induced proton secretion, whereas the cellular response to RSV did not depend upon TAS2R43. Next, the IL-6 modulatory effect of 100 μM RSV was studied in LPS-treated immune-competent HGF-1 cells. After 6 h of treatment, RSV reduced the LPS-induced IL-6 gene expression and protein release by -46.2 ± 12.7 and -73.9 ± 2.99%, respectively. This RSV-evoked effect was abolished by co-administration of HED. Because real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed a regulation of TAS2R50 in RSV with or without HED-treated HGF-1 cells, an siRNA knockdown approach of TAS2R50 was applied to verify TAS2R50 involvement in the RSV-induced reduction of the LPS-evoked IL-6 release in HGT-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tiroch
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sterneder
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Hoelz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maik Behrens
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Somoza
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair for Nutritional Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Abstract
Bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptors (TAS2Rs or T2Rs), belonging to the subgroup of family A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), are of crucial importance in the perception of bitterness. Although in the first instance, TAS2Rs were considered to be exclusively distributed in the apical microvilli of taste bud cells, numerous studies have detected these sensory receptor proteins in several extra-oral tissues, such as in pancreatic or ovarian tissues, as well as in their corresponding malignancies. Critical points of extra-oral TAS2Rs biology, such as their structure, roles, signaling transduction pathways, extensive mutational polymorphism, and molecular evolution, have been currently broadly studied. The TAS2R cascade, for instance, has been recently considered to be a pivotal modulator of a number of (patho)physiological processes, including adipogenesis or carcinogenesis. The latest advances in taste receptor biology further raise the possibility of utilizing TAS2Rs as a therapeutic target or as an informative index to predict treatment responses in various disorders. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide an update on the expression and molecular basis of TAS2Rs functions in distinct extra-oral tissues in health and disease. We shall also discuss the therapeutic potential of novel TAS2Rs targets, which are appealing due to their ligand selectivity, expression pattern, or pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Tuzim
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Korolczuk
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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Lu P, ElMallah MK, Liu Z, Wu C, Chen J, Lifshitz LM, ZhuGe R. Genetic deletion of the Tas2r143/Tas2r135/Tas2r126 cluster reveals that TAS2Rs may not mediate bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6407-6423. [PMID: 33559206 PMCID: PMC8223514 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) and their signaling elements are detected throughout the body, and bitter tastants induce a wide variety of biological responses in tissues and organs outside the mouth. However, the roles of TAS2Rs in these responses remain to be tested and established genetically. Here, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technique to delete three bitter taste receptors-Tas2r143/Tas2r135/Tas2r126 (i.e., Tas2r triple knockout [TKO]) in mice. The fidelity and effectiveness of the Tas2r deletions were validated genetically at DNA and messenger RNA levels and functionally based on the tasting of TAS2R135 and TAS2R126 agonists. Bitter tastants are known to relax airways completely. However, TAS2R135 or TAS2R126 agonists either failed to induce relaxation of pre-contracted airways in wild-type mice and Tas2r TKO mice or relaxed them dose-dependently, but to the same extent in both types of mice. These results indicate that TAS2Rs are not required for bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation. The Tas2r TKO mice also provide a valuable model to resolve whether TAS2Rs mediate bitter tastant-induced responses in many other extraoral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mai K ElMallah
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chan Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence M Lifshitz
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronghua ZhuGe
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Sung WW, Tu JH, Yu JS, Ulfa MZ, Chang JH, Cheng HL. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens exopolysaccharide preparation induces glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion through the activation of bitter taste receptors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:562-571. [PMID: 34216658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide preparation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amy-1 (EPS) regulates glycemic levels and promotes glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo and in vitro. This study aimed to identify the molecular mechanism underlying EPS-induced GLP-1 secretion. HEK293T cells stably expressing human Gα-gustducin were used as a heterologous system for expressing the genes of human bitter taste receptor (T2R) 10, 14, 30, 38 (PAV), 38 (AVI), 43, and 46, which were expressed as recombinant proteins with an N-terminal tag composed of a Lucy peptide and a human somatostatin receptor subtype 3 fragment for membrane targeting and a C-terminal red fluorescent protein for expression monitoring. EPS induced a dose-dependent calcium response from the human NCI-H716 enteroendocrine cell line revealed by fluorescent calcium imaging, but inhibitors of the G protein-coupled receptor pathway suppressed the response. EPS activated heterologously expressed T2R14 and T2R38 (PAV). shRNAs of T2R14 effectively inhibited EPS-induced calcium response and GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells, suggesting the involvement of T2R14 in these effects. The involvement of T2R38 was not characterized because NCI-H716 cells express T2R38 (AVI). In conclusion, the activation of T2Rs mediates EPS-induced GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine cells, and T2R14 is a critical target activated by EPS in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Sung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hong Tu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Sian Yu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Marisa Zakiya Ulfa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan; Department of Agroindustrial Biotechnology, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Jia-Hong Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan.
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Pu Q, Guo K, Lin P, Wang Z, Qin S, Gao P, Combs C, Khan N, Xia Z, Wu M. Bitter receptor TAS2R138 facilitates lipid droplet degradation in neutrophils during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:210. [PMID: 34083514 PMCID: PMC8175399 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter receptors function primarily in sensing taste, but may also have other functions, such as detecting pathogenic organisms due to their agile response to foreign objects. The mouse taste receptor type-2 member 138 (TAS2R138) is a member of the G-protein-coupled bitter receptor family, which is not only found in the tongue and nasal cavity, but also widely distributed in other organs, such as the respiratory tract, gut, and lungs. Despite its diverse functions, the role of TAS2R138 in host defense against bacterial infection is largely unknown. Here, we show that TAS2R138 facilitates the degradation of lipid droplets (LDs) in neutrophils during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through competitive binding with PPARG (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) antagonist: N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (AHL-12), which coincidently is a virulence-bound signal produced by this bacterium (P. aeruginosa). The released PPARG then migrates from nuclei to the cytoplasm to accelerate the degradation of LDs by binding PLIN2 (perilipin-2). Subsequently, the TAS2R138-AHL-12 complex targets LDs to augment their degradation, and thereby facilitating the clearance of AHL-12 in neutrophils to maintain homeostasis in the local environment. These findings reveal a crucial role for TAS2R138 in neutrophil-mediated host immunity against P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
- Wound Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shugang Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Colin Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
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39
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Harmon CP, Deng D, Breslin PA. Bitter Taste Receptors (T2Rs) are Sentinels that Coordinate Metabolic and Immunological Defense Responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 20:70-76. [PMID: 33738371 PMCID: PMC7963268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being responsible for bitter taste, type 2 taste receptors (T2Rs) regulate endocrine, behavioral, and immunological responses. T2R agonists include indicators of incoming threats to metabolic homeostasis, pathogens, and irritants. This review will provide an overview of T2R-regulated processes throughout the body that function defensively. We propose a broader definition of T2Rs as chemosensory sentinels that monitor toxic, metabolic, and infectious threats and initiate defensive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P. Harmon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daiyong Deng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Paul A.S. Breslin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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40
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Sell EA, Ortiz-Carpena JF, Herbert DR, Cohen NA. Tuft cells in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126:143-151. [PMID: 33122124 PMCID: PMC8674819 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the latest discoveries regarding the role of tuft cells in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis and asthma. DATA SOURCES Reviews and primary research manuscripts were identified from PubMed, Google, and bioRxiv using the search words airway epithelium, nasal polyposis, CRS or asthma and chemoreceptor cell, solitary chemosensory cell, brush cell, microvillus cell, and tuft cell. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies were selected on the basis of novelty and likely relevance to the functions of tuft cells in chronic inflammatory diseases in the upper and lower airways. RESULTS Tuft cells coordinate a variety of immune responses throughout the body. After the activation of bitter-taste receptors, tuft cells coordinate the secretion of antimicrobial products by adjacent epithelial cells and initiate the calcium-dependent release of acetylcholine resulting in neurogenic inflammation, including mast cell degranulation and plasma extravasation. Tuft cells are also the dominant source of interleukin-25 and a significant source of cysteinyl leukotrienes that play a role in initiating inflammatory processes in the airway. Tuft cells have also been found to seem de novo in the distal airway after a viral infection, implicating these cells in dysplastic remodeling in the distal lung in the pathogenesis of asthma. CONCLUSION Tuft cells bridge innate and adaptive immunes responses and play an upstream role in initiating type 2 inflammation in the upper and possibly the lower airway. The role of tuft cells in respiratory pathophysiology must be further investigated, because tuft cells are putative high-value therapeutic targets for novel therapeutics in CRS with nasal polyps and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sell
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Jorge F Ortiz-Carpena
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Noam A Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Veterans Health Administration, United States Department of Veteran Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
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42
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Grassin-Delyle S, Salvator H, Brollo M, Catherinot E, Sage E, Couderc LJ, Naline E, Devillier P. Chloroquine Inhibits the Release of Inflammatory Cytokines by Human Lung Explants. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:2265-2268. [PMID: 32382733 PMCID: PMC7454417 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
On human lung parenchymal explants, chloroquine concentration clinically achievable in the lung (100 µM) inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced release of TNF-ɑ (by 76%), IL-6 (by 68%), CCL2 (by 72%), and CCL3 (by 67%). Besides its antiviral activity, chloroquine might also mitigate the cytokine storm associated with severe pneumonia caused by coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.,INSERM Infection and Inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, University Paris-Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Hélène Salvator
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.,Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Exhalomics Facility, Foch Hospital, University Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | - Marion Brollo
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Exhalomics Facility, Foch Hospital, University Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Edouard Sage
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.,UMR0892, INR AE, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Louis-Jean Couderc
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.,Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Exhalomics Facility, Foch Hospital, University Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | - Emmanuel Naline
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.,Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Exhalomics Facility, Foch Hospital, University Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Devillier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.,Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Pharmacology, Exhalomics Facility, Foch Hospital, University Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
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43
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Immune Regulatory Roles of Cells Expressing Taste Signaling Elements in Nongustatory Tissues. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 275:271-293. [PMID: 33945029 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled taste receptors and their downstream signaling elements, including Gnat3 (also known as α-gustducin) and TrpM5, were first identified in taste bud cells. Subsequent studies, however, revealed that some cells in nongustatory tissues also express taste receptors and/or their signaling elements. These nongustatory-tissue-expressed taste receptors and signaling elements play important roles in a number of physiological processes, including metabolism and immune responses. Special populations of cells expressing taste signaling elements in nongustatory tissues have been described as solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) and tuft cells, mainly based on their morphological features and their expression of taste signaling elements as a critical molecular signature. These cells are typically scattered in barrier epithelial tissues, and their functions were largely unknown until recently. Emerging evidence shows that SCCs and tuft cells play important roles in immune responses to microbes and parasites. Additionally, certain immune cells also express taste receptors or taste signaling elements, suggesting a direct link between chemosensation and immune function. In this chapter, we highlight our current understanding of the functional roles of these "taste-like" cells and taste signaling pathways in different tissues, focusing on their activities in immune regulation.
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44
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Grau-Bové C, Miguéns-Gómez A, González-Quilen C, Fernández-López JA, Remesar X, Torres-Fuentes C, Ávila-Román J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Modulation of Food Intake by Differential TAS2R Stimulation in Rat. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3784. [PMID: 33321802 PMCID: PMC7762996 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic surgery modulates the enterohormone profile, which leads, among other effects, to changes in food intake. Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) have been identified in the gastrointestinal tract and specific stimulation of these has been linked to the control of ghrelin secretion. We hypothesize that optimal stimulation of TAS2Rs could help to modulate enteroendocrine secretions and thus regulate food intake. To determine this, we have assayed the response to specific agonists for hTAS2R5, hTAS2R14 and hTAS2R39 on enteroendocrine secretions from intestinal segments and food intake in rats. We found that hTAS2R5 agonists stimulate glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK), and reduce food intake. hTAS2R14 agonists induce GLP1, while hTASR39 agonists tend to increase peptide YY (PYY) but fail to reduce food intake. The effect of simultaneously activating several receptors is heterogeneous depending on the relative affinity of the agonists for each receptor. Although detailed mechanisms are not clear, bitter compounds can stimulate differentially enteroendocrine secretions that modulate food intake in rats.
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Grants
- AGL2017-83477-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- R2B2018/03 Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya
- Martí Franqués Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- FI Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya
- Beatriu de Pinós Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya
- Serra Hunter Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Grau-Bové
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (A.M.-G.); (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Alba Miguéns-Gómez
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (A.M.-G.); (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Carlos González-Quilen
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (A.M.-G.); (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (M.P.)
| | - José-Antonio Fernández-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.-A.F.-L.); (X.R.)
- CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Remesar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.-A.F.-L.); (X.R.)
- CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.T.-F.); (J.Á.-R.)
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.T.-F.); (J.Á.-R.)
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (A.M.-G.); (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (A.M.-G.); (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (M.P.)
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (A.M.-G.); (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (A.M.-G.); (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (A.M.-G.); (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (A.M.-G.); (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (M.P.)
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45
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Vitte J, Michel M, Mezouar S, Diallo AB, Boumaza A, Mege JL, Desnues B. Immune Modulation as a Therapeutic Option During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: The Case for Antimalarial Aminoquinolines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2159. [PMID: 32983179 PMCID: PMC7484884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread, severity, and lack of specific treatment for COVID-19 resulted in hasty drug repurposing. Conceptually, trials of antivirals were well-accepted, but twentieth century antimalarials sparked an impassioned global debate. Notwithstanding, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of aminoquinolines have been investigated in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials for more than 30 years. We review the mechanisms of action of (hydroxy)chloroquine on immune cells and networks and discuss promises and pitfalls in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, the agent of the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitte
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Moïse Michel
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Aïssatou Bailo Diallo
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Asma Boumaza
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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46
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Watanabe LM, Pires IF, Noronha NY, Pinhel MADS, Nonino CB. The influence of bitter-taste receptor (TAS2R) expression in pharmacological response to Chloroquine in obese patients with COVID-19. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e2181. [PMID: 32876108 PMCID: PMC7442398 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Moriguchi Watanabe
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade Medicina de Ribeirao Preto (FMRP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Izabella Ferreira Pires
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade Medicina de Ribeirao Preto (FMRP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Natália Yumi Noronha
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade Medicina de Ribeirao Preto (FMRP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade Medicina de Ribeirao Preto (FMRP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, BR
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade Medicina de Ribeirao Preto (FMRP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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47
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Jeruzal-Świątecka J, Fendler W, Pietruszewska W. Clinical Role of Extraoral Bitter Taste Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5156. [PMID: 32708215 PMCID: PMC7404188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can recognise five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami. Sour and salty substances are linked to ion channels, while sweet, bitter and umami flavours are transmitted through receptors linked to the G protein (G protein-coupled receptors; GPCRs). There are two main types of GPCRs that transmit information about sweet, umami and bitter tastes-the Tas1r and TAS2R families. There are about 25 functional TAS2R genes coding bitter taste receptor proteins. They are found not only in the mouth and throat, but also in the intestines, brain, bladder and lower and upper respiratory tract. The determination of their purpose in these locations has become an inspiration for much research. Their presence has also been confirmed in breast cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells and neuroblastoma, revealing a promising new oncological marker. Polymorphisms of TAS2R38 have been proven to have an influence on the course of chronic rhinosinusitis and upper airway defensive mechanisms. TAS2R receptors mediate the bronchodilatory effect in human airway smooth muscle, which may lead to the creation of another medicine group used in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The discovery that functionally compromised TAS2R receptors negatively impact glucose homeostasis has produced a new area of diabetes research. In this article, we would like to focus on what facts have been already established in the matter of extraoral TAS2R receptors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jeruzal-Świątecka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wioletta Pietruszewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
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48
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Li X, Zhang C, Liu L, Gu M. Existing bitter medicines for fighting 2019-nCoV-associated infectious diseases. FASEB J 2020; 34:6008-6016. [PMID: 32281695 PMCID: PMC7262065 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has led to more than seven thousand deaths. Unfortunately, there are no specific drugs available to cure this disease. Type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs) may play an important role in host defense mechanisms. Based on the idea of host-directed therapy (HDT), we performed a negative co-expression analysis using big data of 60 000 Affymetrix expression arrays and 5000 TCGA data sets to determine the functions of TAS2R10, which can be activated by numerous bitter substances. Excitingly, we found that the main functions of TAS2R10 involved controlling infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites, suggesting that TAS2R10 is a key trigger of host defense pathways. To quickly guide the clinical treatment of 2019-nCoV, we searched currently available drugs that are agonists of TAS2Rs. We identified many cheap, available, and safe medicines, such as diphenidol, quinine, chloroquine, artemisinin, chlorpheniramine, yohimbine, and dextromethorphan, which may target the most common symptoms caused by 2019-nCoV. We suggest that a cocktail-like recipe of existing bitter drugs may help doctors to fight this catastrophic disease and that the general public may drink or eat bitter substances, such as coffee, tea, or bitter vegetables, to reduce the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Li
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chaobao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Lianyong Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyPunan Hospital of Pudong New DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Mingjun Gu
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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49
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Gopallawa I, Freund JR, Lee RJ. Bitter taste receptors stimulate phagocytosis in human macrophages through calcium, nitric oxide, and cyclic-GMP signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:271-286. [PMID: 32172302 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are GPCRs involved in detection of bitter compounds by type 2 taste cells of the tongue, but are also expressed in other tissues throughout the body, including the airways, gastrointestinal tract, and brain. These T2Rs can be activated by several bacterial products and regulate innate immune responses in several cell types. Expression of T2Rs has been demonstrated in immune cells like neutrophils; however, the molecular details of their signaling are unknown. We examined mechanisms of T2R signaling in primary human monocyte-derived unprimed (M0) macrophages (M[Formula: see text]s) using live cell imaging techniques. Known bitter compounds and bacterial T2R agonists activated low-level calcium signals through a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive, phospholipase C-dependent, and inositol trisphosphate receptor-dependent calcium release pathway. These calcium signals activated low-level nitric oxide (NO) production via endothelial and neuronal NO synthase (NOS) isoforms. NO production increased cellular cGMP and enhanced acute phagocytosis ~ threefold over 30-60 min via protein kinase G. In parallel with calcium elevation, T2R activation lowered cAMP, also through a PTX-sensitive pathway. The cAMP decrease also contributed to enhanced phagocytosis. Moreover, a co-culture model with airway epithelial cells demonstrated that NO produced by epithelial cells can also acutely enhance M[Formula: see text] phagocytosis. Together, these data define M[Formula: see text] T2R signal transduction and support an immune recognition role for T2Rs in M[Formula: see text] cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Ravdin, 5th Floor, Suite A , 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jenna R Freund
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Ravdin, 5th Floor, Suite A , 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Ravdin, 5th Floor, Suite A , 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
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