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Migaud ME, Ziegler M, Baur JA. Regulation of and challenges in targeting NAD + metabolism. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00752-w. [PMID: 39026037 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, in its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms, is a reduction-oxidation (redox) co-factor and substrate for signalling enzymes that have essential roles in metabolism. The recognition that NAD+ levels fall in response to stress and can be readily replenished through supplementation has fostered great interest in the potential benefits of increasing or restoring NAD+ levels in humans to prevent or delay diseases and degenerative processes. However, much about the biology of NAD+ and related molecules remains poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the current knowledge of NAD+ metabolism, including limitations of, assumptions about and unappreciated factors that might influence the success or contribute to risks of NAD+ supplementation. We highlight several ongoing controversies in the field, and discuss the role of the microbiome in modulating the availability of NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the presence of multiple cellular compartments that have distinct pools of NAD+ and NADH, and non-canonical NAD+ and NADH degradation pathways. We conclude that a substantial investment in understanding the fundamental biology of NAD+, its detection and its metabolites in specific cells and cellular compartments is needed to support current translational efforts to safely boost NAD+ levels in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Cwerman-Thibault H, Malko-Baverel V, Le Guilloux G, Ratcliffe E, Mouri D, Torres-Cuevas I, Millán I, Saubaméa B, Mignon V, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Gressens P, Corral-Debrinski M. Neuroglobin overexpression in cerebellar neurons of Harlequin mice improves mitochondrial homeostasis and reduces ataxic behavior. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2150-2175. [PMID: 38796706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin, a member of the globin superfamily, is abundant in the brain, retina, and cerebellum of mammals and localizes to mitochondria. The protein exhibits neuroprotective capacities by participating in electron transfer, oxygen supply, and protecting against oxidative stress. Our objective was to determine whether neuroglobin overexpression can be used to treat neurological disorders. We chose Harlequin mice, which harbor a retroviral insertion in the first intron of the apoptosis-inducing factor gene resulting in the depletion of the corresponding protein essential for mitochondrial biogenesis. Consequently, Harlequin mice display degeneration of the cerebellum and suffer from progressive blindness and ataxia. Cerebellar ataxia begins in Harlequin mice at the age of 4 months and is characterized by neuronal cell disappearance, bioenergetics failure, and motor and cognitive impairments, which aggravated with aging. Mice aged 2 months received adeno-associated viral vectors harboring the coding sequence of neuroglobin or apoptosis-inducing factor in both cerebellar hemispheres. Six months later, Harlequin mice exhibited substantial improvements in motor and cognitive skills; probably linked to the preservation of respiratory chain function, Purkinje cell numbers and connectivity. Thus, without sharing functional properties with apoptosis-inducing factor, neuroglobin was efficient in reducing ataxia in Harlequin mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Cwerman-Thibault
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Vassilissa Malko-Baverel
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Gwendoline Le Guilloux
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Edward Ratcliffe
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Djmila Mouri
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Isabel Torres-Cuevas
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France; Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ivan Millán
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France; Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Université Paris Cité, Platform of Cellular and Molecular Imaging (PICMO), US25 Inserm, UAR3612 CNRS, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, UMR-S 1144 Inserm, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mignon
- Université Paris Cité, Platform of Cellular and Molecular Imaging (PICMO), US25 Inserm, UAR3612 CNRS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France; Service de Neurologie et Maladies métaboliques, CHU Paris - Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Marisol Corral-Debrinski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France.
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Bednarski TK, Rahim M, Hasenour CM, Banerjee DR, Trenary IA, Wasserman DH, Young JD. Pharmacological SERCA activation limits diet-induced steatohepatitis and restores liver metabolic function in mice. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100558. [PMID: 38729350 PMCID: PMC11179628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is the most common form of liver disease and poses significant health risks to patients who progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Fatty acid overload alters endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores and induces mitochondrial oxidative stress in hepatocytes, leading to hepatocellular inflammation and apoptosis. Obese mice have impaired liver sarco/ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) function, which normally maintains intracellular calcium homeostasis by transporting Ca2+ ions from the cytoplasm to the ER. We hypothesized that restoration of SERCA activity would improve diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice by limiting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. WT and melanocortin-4 receptor KO (Mc4r-/-) mice were placed on either chow or Western diet (WD) for 8 weeks. Half of the WD-fed mice were administered CDN1163 to activate SERCA, which reduced liver fibrosis and inflammation. SERCA activation also restored glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, improved histological markers of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased expression of oxidative stress and ER stress genes. CDN1163 decreased hepatic citric acid cycle flux and liver pyruvate cycling, enhanced expression of mitochondrial respiratory genes, and shifted hepatocellular [NADH]/[NAD+] and [NADPH]/[NADP+] ratios to a less oxidized state, which was associated with elevated PUFA content of liver lipids. In sum, the data demonstrate that pharmacological SERCA activation limits metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression and prevents metabolic dysfunction induced by WD feeding in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K Bednarski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clinton M Hasenour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Deveena R Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Irina A Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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4
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Davis MG, Sanders BD. Updates in Medical and Surgical Weight Loss. J Midwifery Womens Health 2024; 69:414-421. [PMID: 38831484 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The number of individuals with obesity is at an all-time high, and the rate of obesity continues to climb each year. Obesity is a chronic disease with widespread effects throughout the body. Midwives and perinatal care providers need an understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, and interventions for obesity. A review of evidence-based diet and lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgical procedures is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Davis
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bethany D Sanders
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Mérida S, Návea A, Desco C, Celda B, Pardo-Tendero M, Morales-Tatay JM, Bosch-Morell F. Glutathione and a Pool of Metabolites Partly Related to Oxidative Stress Are Associated with Low and High Myopia in an Altered Bioenergetic Environment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:539. [PMID: 38790644 PMCID: PMC11117864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress forms part of the molecular basis contributing to the development and manifestation of myopia, a refractive error with associated pathology that is increasingly prevalent worldwide and that subsequently leads to an upsurge in degenerative visual impairment due to conditions that are especially associated with high myopia. The purpose of our study was to examine the interrelation of potential oxidative-stress-related metabolites found in the aqueous humor of high-myopic, low-myopic, and non-myopic patients within a clinical study. We conducted a cross-sectional study, selecting two sets of patients undergoing cataract surgery. The first set, which was used to analyze metabolites through an NMR assay, comprised 116 patients. A total of 59 metabolites were assigned and quantified. The PLS-DA score plot clearly showed a separation with minimal overlap between the HM and control samples. The PLS-DA model allowed us to determine 31 major metabolite differences in the aqueous humor of the study groups. Complementary statistical analysis of the data allowed us to determine six metabolites that presented significant differences among the experimental groups (p < 005). A significant number of these metabolites were discovered to have a direct or indirect connection to oxidative stress linked with conditions of myopic eyes. Notably, we identified metabolites associated with bioenergetic pathways and metabolites that have undergone methylation, along with choline and its derivatives. The second set consisted of 73 patients who underwent a glutathione assay. Here, we showed significant variations in both reduced and oxidized glutathione in aqueous humor among all patient groups (p < 0.01) for the first time. Axial length, refractive status, and complete ophthalmologic examination were also recorded, and interrelations among metabolic and clinical parameters were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Mérida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Amparo Návea
- Instituto de la Retina y Enfermedades Oculares, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Carmen Desco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.D.)
- Instituto de la Retina y Enfermedades Oculares, 46005 Valencia, Spain;
- FOM, Fundación de Oftalmología Médica de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernardo Celda
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Pardo-Tendero
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Morales-Tatay
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosch-Morell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.); (C.D.)
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Leija RG, Curl CC, Arevalo JA, Osmond AD, Duong JJ, Huie MJ, Masharani U, Brooks GA. Enteric and systemic postprandial lactate shuttle phases and dietary carbohydrate carbon flow in humans. Nat Metab 2024; 6:670-677. [PMID: 38388706 PMCID: PMC11052717 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Dietary glucose in excess is stored in the liver in the form of glycogen. As opposed to direct conversion of glucose into glycogen, the hypothesis of the postprandial lactate shuttle (PLS) proposes that dietary glucose uptake is metabolized to lactate in the gut, thereby being transferred to the liver for glycogen storage. In the present study, we provide evidence of a PLS in young healthy men and women. Overnight fasted participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, and arterialized lactate concentration and rate of appearance were determined. The concentration of lactate in the blood rose before the concentration of glucose, thus providing evidence of an enteric PLS. Secondary increments in the concentration of lactate in the blood and its rate of appearance coincided with those of glucose, which indicates the presence of a larger, secondary, systemic PLS phase driven by hepatic glucose release. The present study challenges the notion that lactate production is the result of hypoxia in skeletal muscles, because our work indicates that glycolysis proceeds to lactate in fully aerobic tissues and dietary carbohydrate is processed via lactate shuttling. Our study proposes that, in humans, lactate is a major vehicle for carbohydrate carbon distribution and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Leija
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Casey C Curl
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jose A Arevalo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adam D Osmond
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Justin J Duong
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Melvin J Huie
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Umesh Masharani
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Heindel JJ, Lustig RH, Howard S, Corkey BE. Obesogens: a unifying theory for the global rise in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:449-460. [PMID: 38212644 PMCID: PMC10978495 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite varied treatment, mitigation, and prevention efforts, the global prevalence and severity of obesity continue to worsen. Here we propose a combined model of obesity, a unifying paradigm that links four general models: the energy balance model (EBM), based on calories as the driver of weight gain; the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), based on insulin as a driver of energy storage; the oxidation-reduction model (REDOX), based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a driver of altered metabolic signaling; and the obesogens model (OBS), which proposes that environmental chemicals interfere with hormonal signaling leading to adiposity. We propose a combined OBS/REDOX model in which environmental chemicals (in air, food, food packaging, and household products) generate false autocrine and endocrine metabolic signals, including ROS, that subvert standard regulatory energy mechanisms, increase basal and stimulated insulin secretion, disrupt energy efficiency, and influence appetite and energy expenditure leading to weight gain. This combined model incorporates the data supporting the EBM and CIM models, thus creating one integrated model that covers significant aspects of all the mechanisms potentially contributing to the obesity pandemic. Importantly, the OBS/REDOX model provides a rationale and approach for future preventative efforts based on environmental chemical exposure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies (HEEDS), Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA.
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies (HEEDS), Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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8
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Blumberg B. Do We Need a New Unifying Theory for Obesity? Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae029. [PMID: 38546853 PMCID: PMC10977274 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
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9
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Kemperman RH, Ganetzky RD, Master SR. Development and validation of a multiplexed LC-MS/MS ketone body assay for clinical diagnostics. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2024; 31:49-58. [PMID: 38375486 PMCID: PMC10874984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ketone bodies (KBs) serve as important energy sources that spare glucose, providing the primary energy for cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle during aerobic exercise, and the brain during periods of catabolism. The levels and relationships between the KBs are critical indicators of metabolic health and disease. However, challenges in separating isomeric KBs and concerns about sample stability have previously limited their clinical measurement. Methods A novel 6.5-minute liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based assay was developed, enabling the precise measurement of alpha-, beta- and gamma-hydroxybutyrate, beta-hydroxyisobutyrate, and acetoacetate. This method was fully validated for human serum and plasma samples by investigating extraction efficiency, matrix effects, accuracy, recovery, intra- and inter-precision, linearity, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), carryover, specificity, stability, and more. From 107 normal samples, reference ranges were established for all analytes and the beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio. Results All five analytes were adequately separated chromatographically. An extraction efficiency between 80 and 120 % was observed for all KBs. Accuracy was evaluated through spike and recovery using 10 random patient samples, with an average recovery of 85-115 % for all KBs and a coefficient of variation of ≤ 3 %. Coefficients of variation for intra- and inter-day imprecision were < 5 %, and the total imprecision was < 10 %. No significant interferences were observed. Specimens remained stable for up to 6 h on ice or 2 h at room temperature. Conclusions The developed method is highly sensitive and robust. It has been validated for use with human serum and plasma, overcoming stability concerns and providing a reliable and efficient quantitative estimation of ketone bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca D. Ganetzky
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States
| | - Stephen R. Master
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States
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Hill GE, Weaver RJ, Powers MJ. Carotenoid ornaments and the spandrels of physiology: a critique of theory to explain condition dependency. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2320-2332. [PMID: 37563787 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Even as numerous studies have documented that the red and yellow coloration resulting from the deposition of carotenoids serves as an honest signal of condition, the evolution of condition dependency is contentious. The resource trade-off hypothesis proposes that condition-dependent honest signalling relies on a trade-off of resources between ornamental display and body maintenance. By this model, condition dependency can evolve through selection for a re-allocation of resources to promote ornament expression. By contrast, the index hypothesis proposes that selection focuses mate choice on carotenoid coloration that is inherently condition dependent because production of such coloration is inexorably tied to vital cellular processes. These hypotheses for the origins of condition dependency make strongly contrasting and testable predictions about ornamental traits. To assess these two models, we review the mechanisms of production of carotenoids, patterns of condition dependency involving different classes of carotenoids, and patterns of behavioural responses to carotenoid coloration. We review evidence that traits can be condition dependent without the influence of sexual selection and that novel traits can show condition-dependent expression as soon as they appear in a population, without the possibility of sexual selection. We conclude by highlighting new opportunities for studying condition-dependent signalling made possible by genetic manipulation and expression of ornamental traits in synthetic biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, 120 W. Samford Avenue, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ryan J Weaver
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, 2200 Osborne Drive, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Matthew J Powers
- Department of Integrative Biology, 4575 SW Research Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Montaldo L, Gallo A, Rocha G, Csernoch C, Marzi MD, Guerra LN. Anthocyanin-enriched extract from Ribes nigrum inhibits triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation in adipocytes. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:675-687. [PMID: 38018449 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Obesity is a chronic pathology of epidemic proportions. Mature adipocytes from a 3T3-L1 cell line were used as in vitro obesity model to test different bioactive compounds. We aim to evaluate cassis (Ribes nigrum) extract antioxidant activity and its antiadipogenic effect on mature adipocytes. Results: We produced an extract by using enzyme that combines cellulase and pectinase; we obtained high yield of the bioactive compound anthocyanin. Extract showed high antioxidant capacity. We conducted in vitro assays by adding the extract to adipocytes culture medium. Extract reduced intracellular levels of triglyceride by 62% and cholesterol by 32%. Conclusion: Enzymatic extract's high antioxidant activity was likely attributable to its high concentration of anthocyanin. This extract inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Alicia Gallo
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Rocha
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Csernoch
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Tecnología, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Mauricio De Marzi
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
| | - Liliana N Guerra
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
- CONICET-INEDES, Grupo de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Inmunología y Bioactivos (GIBAIB), Av Constitución y Ruta 5, Luján, Buenos Aires, 6700, Argentina
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Dankel SN, Kalleklev TL, Tungland SL, Stafsnes MH, Bruheim P, Aloysius TA, Lindquist C, Skorve J, Nygård OK, Madsen L, Bjørndal B, Sydnes MO, Berge RK. Changes in Plasma Pyruvate and TCA Cycle Metabolites upon Increased Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis in Male Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15536. [PMID: 37958519 PMCID: PMC10648824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and associated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity contributes to lifestyle-related diseases, and circulating biomarkers reflecting these changes could have disease prognostic value. This study aimed to determine hepatic and systemic changes in TCA-cycle-related metabolites upon the selective pharmacologic enhancement of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver, and to elucidate the mechanisms and potential markers of hepatic mitochondrial activity. Male Wistar rats were treated with 3-thia fatty acids (e.g., tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA)), which target mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, and ketogenesis predominantly in the liver. Hepatic and plasma concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates and anaplerotic substrates (LC-MS/MS), plasma ketones (colorimetric assay), and acylcarnitines (HPLC-MS/MS), along with associated TCA-cycle-related gene expression (qPCR) and enzyme activities, were determined. TTA-induced hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation resulted in an increased ratio of plasma ketone bodies/nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), lower plasma malonyl-CoA levels, and a higher ratio of plasma acetylcarnitine/palmitoylcarnitine (C2/C16). These changes were associated with decreased hepatic and increased plasma pyruvate concentrations, and increased plasma concentrations of succinate, malate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate. Expression of several genes encoding TCA cycle enzymes and the malate-oxoglutarate carrier (Slc25a11), glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh), and malic enzyme (Mdh1 and Mdh2) were significantly increased. In conclusion, the induction of hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation by 3-thia fatty acids lowered hepatic pyruvate while increasing plasma pyruvate, as well as succinate, malate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nitter Dankel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Tine-Lise Kalleklev
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Siri Lunde Tungland
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4021 Stavanger, Norway (M.O.S.)
| | - Marit Hallvardsdotter Stafsnes
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway (P.B.)
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway (P.B.)
| | - Thomas Aquinas Aloysius
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Carine Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Jon Skorve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
| | - Ottar Kjell Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
- Department of Sports, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Magne Olav Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4021 Stavanger, Norway (M.O.S.)
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway (T.A.A.); (J.S.); (O.K.N.); (B.B.)
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
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13
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Gowen AM, Yi J, Stauch K, Miles L, Srinivasan S, Odegaard K, Pendyala G, Yelamanchili SV. In utero and post-natal opioid exposure followed by mild traumatic brain injury contributes to cortical neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and behavioral deficits in juvenile rats. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 32:100669. [PMID: 37588011 PMCID: PMC10425912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal opioid use poses a significant health concern not just to the expectant mother but also to the fetus. Notably, increasing numbers of children born suffering from neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) further compounds the crisis. While epidemiological research has shown the heightened risk factors associated with NOWS, little research has investigated what molecular mechanisms underly the vulnerabilities these children carry throughout development and into later life. To understand the implications of in utero and post-natal opioid exposure on the developing brain, we sought to assess the response to one of the most common pediatric injuries: minor traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Using a rat model of in utero and post-natal oxycodone (IUO) exposure and a low force weight drop model of mTBI, we show that not only neonatal opioid exposure significantly affects neuroinflammation, brain metabolites, synaptic proteome, mitochondrial function, and altered behavior in juvenile rats, but also, in conjunction with mTBI these aberrations are further exacerbated. Specifically, we observed long term metabolic dysregulation, neuroinflammation, alterations in synaptic mitochondria, and impaired behavior were impacted severely by mTBI. Our research highlights the specific vulnerability caused by IUO exposure to a secondary stressor such as later life brain injury. In summary, we present a comprehensive study to highlight the damaging effects of prenatal opioid abuse in conjunction with mild brain injury on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M. Gowen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jina Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kelly Stauch
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Luke Miles
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sanjay Srinivasan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katherine Odegaard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- National Strategic Research Institute, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, UNMC, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- National Strategic Research Institute, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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14
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Marquez-Acevedo AS, Hood WR, Collier RJ, Skibiel AL. Graduate Student Literature Review: Mitochondrial response to heat stress and its implications on dairy cattle bioenergetics, metabolism, and production. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7295-7309. [PMID: 37210354 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The dairy industry depends upon the cow's successful lactation for economic profitability. Heat stress compromises the economic sustainability of the dairy industry by reducing milk production and increasing the risk of metabolic and pathogenic disease. Heat stress alters metabolic adaptations, such as nutrient mobilization and partitioning, that support the energetic demands of lactation. Metabolically inflexible cows are unable to enlist the necessary homeorhetic shifts that provide the needed nutrients and energy for milk synthesis, thereby impairing lactation performance. Mitochondria provide the energetic foundation that enable a myriad of metabolically demanding processes, such as lactation. Changes in an animal's energy requirements are met at the cellular level through alterations in mitochondrial density and bioenergetic capacity. Mitochondria also act as central stress modulators and coordinate tissues' energetic responses to stress by integrating endocrine signals, through mito-nuclear communication, into the cellular stress response. In vitro heat insults affect mitochondria through a compromise in mitochondrial integrity, which is linked to a decrease in mitochondrial function. However, limited evidence exists linking the in vivo metabolic effects of heat stress with parameters of mitochondrial behavior and function in lactating animals. This review summarizes the literature describing the cellular and subcellular effects of heat stress, with a focus on the effect of heat stress on mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular dysfunction in livestock. Implications for lactation performance and metabolic health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Marquez-Acevedo
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844.
| | - W R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - R J Collier
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | - A L Skibiel
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
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15
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Kiyama T, Tokunaga A, Naji A, Barbul A. Changes in the negative logarithm of end-tidal hydrogen partial pressure indicate the variation of electrode potential in healthy Japanese subjects. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15473. [PMID: 37726384 PMCID: PMC10509160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is produced by human colon microbiomes and exhaled. End-tidal H2 sampling is a simple method of measuring alveolar H2. The logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+)/H2 ratio suggests the electrode potential in the solution according to the Nernst equation. As pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the H+ concentration, pH2 is defined as the negative logarithm of the H2 effective pressure in this study. We investigated whether changes in pH2 indicated the variation of electrode potential in the solution and whether changes in end-tidal pH2 could be measured using a portable breath H2 sensor. Changes in the electrode potential were proportional to ([Formula: see text]) in phosphate-buffered solution (pH = 7.1). End-tidal H2 was measured in the morning (baseline) and at noon (after daily activities) in 149 healthy Japanese subjects using a handheld H2 sensor. The median pH2 at the baseline was 4.89, and it increased by 0.15 after daily activities. The variation of electrode potential was obtained by multiplying the pH2 difference, which suggested approximately + 4.6 mV oxidation after daily activities. These data suggested that changes in end-tidal pH2 indicate the variation of electrode potential during daily activities in healthy human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Kiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, TMG Asaka Medical Center, Asaka, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Musashino Tokushukai Hospital, Nishi-Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akira Tokunaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abumrad Naji
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adrian Barbul
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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Biancalana E, Rossi C, Raggi F, Distaso M, Tricò D, Baldi S, Ferrannini E, Solini A. Empagliflozin and Renal Sodium-Hydrogen Exchange in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e567-e573. [PMID: 36794422 PMCID: PMC10348461 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors exert clinically relevant cardiorenal protection. Among several mechanisms, inhibition of sodium-hydrogen exchanger-3 (NHE3) in proximal renal tubules has been proposed in rodents. Demonstration of this mechanism with the associated electrolyte and metabolic changes in humans is lacking. OBJECTIVE The present proof-of-concept study was designed to explore the involvement of NHE3 in modulating the response to sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in humans. METHODS Twenty healthy male volunteers received 2 tablets of empagliflozin 25 mg during a standardized hydration scheme; freshly voided urines and blood samples were collected at timed intervals for 8 hours. Protein expression of relevant transporters was examined in exfoliated tubular cells. RESULTS Urine pH levels increased after empagliflozin (from 5.81 ± 0.5 to 6.16 ± 0.6 at 6 hours, P = .008) as did urinary output (from median, 1.7; interquartile range [IQR, 0.6; 2.5] to 2.5 [IQR, 1.7; 3.5] mL/min-1, P = .008) and glucose (from median, 0.03 [IQR, 0.02; 0.04] to 34.8 [IQR, 31.6; 40.2] %, P < .0001), and sodium fractional excretion rates (from median, 0.48 [IQR, 0.34; 0.65] to 0.71 [IQR, 0.55; 0.85] %, P = .0001), whereas plasma glucose and insulin concentrations decreased and plasma and urinary ketones increased. Nonsignificant changes in NHE3, phosphorylated NHE3, and membrane-associated protein 17 protein expression were detected in urinary exfoliated tubular cells. In a time-control study in 6 participants, neither urine pH nor plasma and urinary parameters changed. CONCLUSIONS In healthy young volunteers, empagliflozin acutely increases urinary pH while inducing a substrate shift toward lipid utilization and ketogenesis, without significant changes in renal NHE3 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Biancalana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Francesco Raggi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Distaso
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Simona Baldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa I-56126, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy
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17
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Heindel JJ, Alvarez JA, Atlas E, Cave MC, Chatzi VL, Collier D, Corkey B, Fischer D, Goran MI, Howard S, Kahan S, Kayhoe M, Koliwad S, Kotz CM, La Merrill M, Lobstein T, Lumeng C, Ludwig DS, Lustig RH, Myers P, Nadal A, Trasande L, Redman LM, Rodeheffer MS, Sargis RM, Stephens JM, Ziegler TR, Blumberg B. Obesogens and Obesity: State-of-the-Science and Future Directions Summary from a Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies Workshop. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:329-337. [PMID: 37230178 PMCID: PMC10731763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
On September 7 and 8, 2022, Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptors Strategies, an Environmental Health Sciences program, convened a scientific workshop of relevant stakeholders involved in obesity, toxicology, or obesogen research to review the state of the science regarding the role of obesogenic chemicals that might be contributing to the obesity pandemic. The workshop's objectives were to examine the evidence supporting the hypothesis that obesogens contribute to the etiology of human obesity; to discuss opportunities for improved understanding, acceptance, and dissemination of obesogens as contributors to the obesity pandemic; and to consider the need for future research and potential mitigation strategies. This report details the discussions, key areas of agreement, and future opportunities to prevent obesity. The attendees agreed that environmental obesogens are real, significant, and a contributor at some degree to weight gain at the individual level and to the global obesity and metabolic disease pandemic at a societal level; moreover, it is at least, in theory, remediable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Boseman, Montana, United States.
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Lousiville, KY, United States
| | - Vaia Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Collier
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Barbara Corkey
- Chobanian and Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Boseman, Montana, United States
| | - Scott Kahan
- National Center for Weight and Wellness, Johns Hopkins Blumberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Suneil Koliwad
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota and Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michele La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tim Lobstein
- World Obesity Federation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carey Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Physiology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Pete Myers
- Environmental Health Sciences, Boseman, MT, United States
| | - Angel Nadal
- Department of Physiology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology & Women's Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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18
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Yoon NA, Jin S, Kim JD, Liu ZW, Sun Q, Cardone R, Kibbey R, Diano S. UCP2-dependent redox sensing in POMC neurons regulates feeding. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111894. [PMID: 36577374 PMCID: PMC9885759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paradoxically, glucose, the primary driver of satiety, activates a small population of anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Here, we show that lactate levels in the circulation and in the cerebrospinal fluid are elevated in the fed state and the addition of lactate to glucose activates the majority of POMC neurons while increasing cytosolic NADH generation, mitochondrial respiration, and extracellular pyruvate levels. Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenases diminishes mitochondrial respiration, NADH production, and POMC neuronal activity. However, inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier has no effect. POMC-specific downregulation of Ucp2 (Ucp2PomcKO), a molecule regulated by fatty acid metabolism and shown to play a role as transporter in the malate-aspartate shuttle, abolishes lactate- and glucose-sensing of POMC neurons. Ucp2PomcKO mice have impaired glucose metabolism and are prone to obesity on a high-fat diet. Altogether, our data show that lactate through redox signaling and blocking mitochondrial glucose utilization activates POMC neurons to regulate feeding and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nal Ae Yoon
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sungho Jin
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhong Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qiushi Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rebecca Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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19
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Ozdemir-Kumral ZN, Sen E, Yapici HB, Atakul N, Domruk OF, Aldag Y, Sen LS, Kanpalta Mustafaoğlu F, Yuksel M, Akakin D, Erzik C, Haklar G, Imeryuz N. Phoenixin 14 ameloriates pancreatic injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by alleviating oxidative burden. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1651-1659. [PMID: 36130115 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phoenixin-14 (PNX) is a neuropeptide that has been shown to prevent oxidative damage and stimulates insulin secretion. We investigated the effects of PNX on pancreatic injury induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and nicotinamide (NAD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats, in control (C) and diabetic (STZ) groups, were treated with either saline, or PNX (0.45 nmol/kg, or 45 nmol/kg) daily for 3 days 1 week after STZ injection. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and gastric emptying rate (GER) were measured. Tissue and blood samples were collected. PNX treatments prevented pancreatic damage and β cell loss. Increased luminol and lucigenin levels in the pancreas, ileum and liver tissues of STZ groups were alleviated by PNX treatment in pancreatic and ileal tissues. PNX0.45 decreased FBG without any change in insulin blood level and pancreatic mRNA. GER increased in all diabetic rats while PNX0.45 delayed GER only in the C group. PNX diminishes pancreatic damage and lowers FBG by reducing oxidative load.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eminenur Sen
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Yusra Aldag
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Semiha Sen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of General Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Meral Yuksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Marmara University Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goncagul Haklar
- Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neşe Imeryuz
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Li X, Yang Y, Zhang B, Lin X, Fu X, An Y, Zou Y, Wang JX, Wang Z, Yu T. Lactate metabolism in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:305. [PMID: 36050306 PMCID: PMC9434547 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate shuttle hypothesis suggests that lactate plays an important role as a bridging signaling molecule that coordinates signaling among different cells, organs and tissues. Lactylation is a posttranslational modification initially reported by Professor Yingming Zhao’s research group in 2019. Subsequent studies confirmed that lactylation is a vital component of lactate function and is involved in tumor proliferation, neural excitation, inflammation and other biological processes. An indispensable substance for various physiological cellular functions, lactate plays a regulatory role in different aspects of energy metabolism and signal transduction. Therefore, a comprehensive review and summary of lactate is presented to clarify the role of lactate in disease and to provide a reference and direction for future research. This review offers a systematic overview of lactate homeostasis and its roles in physiological and pathological processes, as well as a comprehensive overview of the effects of lactylation in various diseases, particularly inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaotong Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jian-Xun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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21
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Ferrannini E, Baldi S, Scozzaro T, Tsimihodimos V, Tesfaye F, Shaw W, Rosenthal N, Figtree GA, Neal B, Mahaffey KW, Perkovic V, Hansen MK. Fasting Substrate Concentrations Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes in the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS). Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1893-1899. [PMID: 35724306 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether the circulating substrate mix may be related to the incidence of heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and how it is altered by canagliflozin treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured fasting glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in 3,581 samples from the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) trial at baseline and at 1 and 2 years after randomization. Results were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Patients in the lowest baseline FFA tertile were more often men with a longer duration of type 2 diabetes (T2D), higher urinary albumin excretion, lower HDL-cholesterol levels, higher history of CV disease (CVD), and higher use of statins and insulin. When all seven metabolites were used as predictors, FFA were inversely associated with incident hospitalized HF (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33 [95% CI 0.21-0.55]), while glycerol was a positive predictor (2.21 [1.45-3.35]). In a model further adjusted for 16 potential confounders, including prior HF and CVD and pharmacologic therapies, FFA remained a significant negative predictor. FFA and glycerol also predicted CV mortality (HR 0.53 [95% CI 0.35-0.81] and 1.81 [1.26-2.58], respectively) and all-cause death (0.50 [0.36-0.70] and 1.64 [1.22-2.18]). When added to these models, background insulin therapy was an independent positive predictor of risk of death. Canagliflozin treatment significantly increased plasma FFA and β-hydroxybutyrate regardless of background antihyperglycemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS A constitutive metabolic setup consisting of higher lipolysis may be beneficial in delaying or preventing hospitalized HF; a further stimulation of lipolysis by canagliflozin may reinforce this influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ele Ferrannini
- CNR (National Research Council) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Baldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Scozzaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Wayne Shaw
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ
| | | | - Gemma A Figtree
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruce Neal
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Vlado Perkovic
- The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Biomarkers of Redox Balance Adjusted to Exercise Intensity as a Useful Tool to Identify Patients at Risk of Muscle Disease through Exercise Test. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091886. [PMID: 35565853 PMCID: PMC9105000 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The screening of skeletal muscle diseases constitutes an unresolved challenge. Currently, exercise tests or plasmatic tests alone have shown limited performance in the screening of subjects with an increased risk of muscle oxidative metabolism impairment. Intensity-adjusted energy substrate levels of lactate (La), pyruvate (Pyr), β-hydroxybutyrate (BOH) and acetoacetate (AA) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) could constitute alternative valid biomarkers to select “at-risk” patients, requiring the gold-standard diagnosis procedure through muscle biopsy. Thus, we aimed to test: (1) the validity of the V’O2-adjusted La, Pyr, BOH and AA during a CPET for the assessment of the muscle oxidative metabolism (exercise and mitochondrial respiration parameters); and (2) the discriminative value of the V’O2-adjusted energy and redox markers, as well as five other V’O2-adjusted TCA cycle-related metabolites, between healthy subjects, subjects with muscle complaints and muscle disease patients. Two hundred and thirty subjects with muscle complaints without diagnosis, nine patients with a diagnosed muscle disease and ten healthy subjects performed a CPET with blood assessments at rest, at the estimated 1st ventilatory threshold and at the maximal intensity. Twelve subjects with muscle complaints presenting a severe alteration of their profile underwent a muscle biopsy. The V’O2-adjusted plasma levels of La, Pyr, BOH and AA, and their respective ratios showed significant correlations with functional and muscle fiber mitochondrial respiration parameters. Differences in exercise V’O2-adjusted La/Pyr, BOH, AA and BOH/AA were observed between healthy subjects, subjects with muscle complaints without diagnosis and muscle disease patients. The energy substrate and redox blood profile of complaining subjects with severe exercise intolerance matched the blood profile of muscle disease patients. Adding five tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates did not improve the discriminative value of the intensity-adjusted energy and redox markers. The V’O2-adjusted La, Pyr, BOH, AA and their respective ratios constitute valid muscle biomarkers that reveal similar blunted adaptations in muscle disease patients and in subjects with muscle complaints and severe exercise intolerance. A targeted metabolomic approach to improve the screening of “at-risk” patients is discussed.
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23
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Papadakis Z, Garcia-Retortillo S, Koutakis P. Effects of Acute Partial Sleep Deprivation and High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Postprandial Network Interactions. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:869787. [PMID: 36926086 PMCID: PMC10013041 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.869787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is deemed effective for cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system (ANS) health-related benefits, while ANS disturbance increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Postprandial lipemia and acute-partial sleep deprivation (APSD) are considered as CVD risk factors due to their respective changes in ANS. Exercising in the morning hours after APSD and have a high-fat breakfast afterwards may alter the interactions of the cardiovascular, autonomic regulation, and postprandial lipemic systems threatening individuals' health. This study examined postprandial network interactions between autonomic regulation through heart rate variability (HRV) and lipemia via low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in response to APSD and HIIE. Methods: Fifteen apparently healthy and habitually good sleepers (age 31 ± 5.2 SD yrs) completed an acute bout of an isocaloric HIIE (in form of 3:2 work-to-rest ratio at 90 and 40% of VO2 reserve) after both a reference sleep (RSX) and 3-3.5 h of acute-partial sleep deprivation (SSX) conditions. HRV time and frequency domains and LDL were evaluated in six and seven time points surrounding sleep and exercise, respectively. To identify postprandial network interactions, we constructed one correlation analysis and one physiological network for each experimental condition. To quantify the interactions within the physiological networks, we also computed the number of links (i.e., number of significant correlations). Results: We observed an irruption of negative links (i.e., negative correlations) between HRV and LDL in the SSX physiological network compared to RSX. Discussion: We recognize that a correlation analysis does not constitute a true network analysis due to the absence of analysis of a time series of the original examined physiological variables. Nonetheless, the presence of negative links in SSX reflected the impact of sleep deprivation on the autonomic regulation and lipemia and, thus, revealed the inability of HIIE to remain cardioprotective under APSD. These findings underlie the need to further investigate the effects of APSD and HIIE on the interactions among physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Papadakis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, United States
| | - Sergi Garcia-Retortillo
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Clinical Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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24
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Cumpstey AF, Clark AD, Santolini J, Jackson AA, Feelisch M. COVID-19: A Redox Disease-What a Stress Pandemic Can Teach Us About Resilience and What We May Learn from the Reactive Species Interactome About Its Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1226-1268. [PMID: 33985343 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affects every aspect of human life by challenging bodily, socioeconomic, and political systems at unprecedented levels. As vaccines become available, their distribution, safety, and efficacy against emerging variants remain uncertain, and specific treatments are lacking. Recent Advances: Initially affecting the lungs, COVID-19 is a complex multisystems disease that disturbs the whole-body redox balance and can be long-lasting (Long-COVID). Numerous risk factors have been identified, but the reasons for variations in susceptibility to infection, disease severity, and outcome are poorly understood. The reactive species interactome (RSI) was recently introduced as a framework to conceptualize how cells and whole organisms sense, integrate, and accommodate stress. Critical Issues: We here consider COVID-19 as a redox disease, offering a holistic perspective of its effects on the human body, considering the vulnerability of complex interconnected systems with multiorgan/multilevel interdependencies. Host/viral glycan interactions underpin SARS-CoV-2's extraordinary efficiency in gaining cellular access, crossing the epithelial/endothelial barrier to spread along the vascular/lymphatic endothelium, and evading antiviral/antioxidant defences. An inflammation-driven "oxidative storm" alters the redox landscape, eliciting epithelial, endothelial, mitochondrial, metabolic, and immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy. Concomitantly reduced nitric oxide availability renders the sulfur-based redox circuitry vulnerable to oxidation, with eventual catastrophic failure in redox communication/regulation. Host nutrient limitations are crucial determinants of resilience at the individual and population level. Future Directions: While inflicting considerable damage to health and well-being, COVID-19 may provide the ultimate testing ground to improve the diagnosis and treatment of redox-related stress diseases. "Redox phenotyping" of patients to characterize whole-body RSI status as the disease progresses may inform new therapeutic approaches to regain redox balance, reduce mortality in COVID-19 and other redox diseases, and provide opportunities to tackle Long-COVID. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1226-1268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Cumpstey
- Respiratory and Critical Care Research Group, Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna D Clark
- Respiratory and Critical Care Research Group, Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Santolini
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alan A Jackson
- Human Nutrition, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Respiratory and Critical Care Research Group, Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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25
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Gender-Specific Metabolomics Approach to Kidney Cancer. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110767. [PMID: 34822425 PMCID: PMC8624667 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney malignancy. RCC is more common among men with a 2/1 male/female incidence ratio worldwide. Given the underlying epidemiological differences in the RCC incidence between males and females, we explored the gender specific 1H NMR serum metabolic profiles of RCC patients and their matched controls. A number of differential metabolites were shared by male and female RCC patients. These RCC specific changes included lower lactate, threonine, histidine, and choline levels together with increased levels of pyruvate, N-acetylated glycoproteins, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and lysine. Additionally, serum lactate/pyruvate ratio was a strong predictor of RCC status regardless of gender. Although only moderate changes in metabolic profiles were observed between control males and females there were substantial gender related differences among RCC patients. Gender specific metabolic features associated with RCC status were identified suggesting that different metabolic panels could be leveraged for a more precise diagnostic.
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26
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Istfan N, Hasson B, Apovian C, Meshulam T, Yu L, Anderson W, Corkey BE. Acute carbohydrate overfeeding: a redox model of insulin action and its impact on metabolic dysfunction in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E636-E651. [PMID: 34569273 PMCID: PMC8782668 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00094.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A role for fat overfeeding in metabolic dysfunction in humans is commonly implied in the literature. Comparatively less is known about acute carbohydrate overfeeding (COF). We tested the hypothesis that COF predisposes to oxidative stress by channeling electrons away from antioxidants to support energy storage. In a study of 24 healthy human subjects with and without obesity, COF was simulated by oral administration of excess carbohydrates; a two-step hyperinsulinemic clamp was used to evaluate insulin action. The distribution of electrons between oxidative and reductive pathways was evaluated by the changes in the reduction potentials (Eh) of cytoplasmic (lactate, pyruvate) and mitochondrial (β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate) redox couples. Antioxidant redox was measured by the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. We used cross-correlation analysis to evaluate the relationships between the trajectories of Eh, insulin, glucose, and respiratory exchange during COF. DDIT3 and XBP1s/u mRNA were measured as markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in adipose tissue before and after COF. Here, we show that acute COF is characterized by net transfer of electrons from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Circulating glutathione is oxidized in a manner that significantly cross-correlates with increasing insulin levels and precedes the decrease in cytoplasmic Eh. This effect is more pronounced in overweight individuals (OW). Markers of ER stress in subcutaneous fat are detectable in OW within 4 h. We conclude that acute COF contributes to metabolic dysfunction through insulin-dependent pathways that promote electron transfer to the cytoplasm and decrease antioxidant capacity. Characterization of redox during overfeeding is important for understanding the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Current principles assume that conversion of thermic energy to metabolically useful energy follows fixed rules. These principles ignore the possibility of variable proton uncoupling in mitochondria. Our study shows that the net balance of electron distribution between mitochondria and cytoplasm is influenced by insulin in a manner that reduces proton leakage during overfeeding. Characterization of the effects of insulin on redox balance is important for understanding obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawfal Istfan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Caroline Apovian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tova Meshulam
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liqun Yu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy Anderson
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Chen C, Kang M, Wang Q, Liu W, Yang M, Liang S, Xiang Q, Han X, Tao J. Combination of Anoectochilus roxburghii Polysaccharide and Exercise Ameliorates Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Obese Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:735501. [PMID: 34692748 PMCID: PMC8531120 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.735501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders that threatens public health. Nevertheless, its exact mechanism and relative intervention remain largely obscure. Accumulating evidence indicate that tither Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARP) or exercise (EX) exhibited the beneficial effects on metabolic health. However, the synergetic beneficial effects of ARP and EX as a combined intervention on obesity-induced metabolic disorders remain largely obscure. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and intervened with ARP and EX for 12 continuous weeks. The results indicated that the ARP, EX, and ARP combined with EX treatment group regulated lipogenesis by suppressing the fatty acid pathway, dampening the system oxidative stress by stimulating Nrf2-mediated phase II enzyme system, and promoting the mitochondrial function by activating the mitochondrial complexes and PGC-1α in HFD mice. More importantly, the combination of ARP and EX showed an even greater beneficial effects relative to either ARP or EX alone, especially in decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Taken together, these findings further confirmed that ARP and EX could be effective interventions on obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities, and that the combination of ARP and EX exhibited the beneficial synergetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meisong Kang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiaowen Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Xiang
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- The Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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28
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Corkey BE, Deeney JT, Merrins MJ. What Regulates Basal Insulin Secretion and Causes Hyperinsulinemia? Diabetes 2021; 70:2174-2182. [PMID: 34593535 PMCID: PMC8576498 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that basal hyperinsulinemia is synergistically mediated by an interplay between increased oxidative stress and excess lipid in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and long-chain acyl-CoA esters (LC-CoA). In addition, ROS production may increase in response to inflammatory cytokines and certain exogenous environmental toxins that mislead β-cells into perceiving nutrient excess when none exists. Thus, basal hyperinsulinemia is envisioned as an adaptation to sustained real or perceived nutrient excess that only manifests as a disease when the excess demand can no longer be met by an overworked β-cell. In this article we will present a testable hypothetical mechanism to explain the role of lipids and ROS in basal hyperinsulinemia and how they differ from glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The model centers on redox regulation, via ROS, and S-acylation-mediated trafficking via LC-CoA. These pathways are well established in neural systems but not β-cells. During GSIS, these signals rise and fall in an oscillatory pattern, together with the other well-established signals derived from glucose metabolism; however, their precise roles have not been defined. We propose that failure to either increase or decrease ROS or LC-CoA appropriately will disturb β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jude T Deeney
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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29
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García-Rodríguez D, Giménez-Cassina A. Ketone Bodies in the Brain Beyond Fuel Metabolism: From Excitability to Gene Expression and Cell Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:732120. [PMID: 34512261 PMCID: PMC8429829 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.732120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies are metabolites that replace glucose as the main fuel of the brain in situations of glucose scarcity, including prolonged fasting, extenuating exercise, or pathological conditions such as diabetes. Beyond their role as an alternative fuel for the brain, the impact of ketone bodies on neuronal physiology has been highlighted by the use of the so-called “ketogenic diets,” which were proposed about a century ago to treat infantile seizures. These diets mimic fasting by reducing drastically the intake of carbohydrates and proteins and replacing them with fat, thus promoting ketogenesis. The fact that ketogenic diets have such a profound effect on epileptic seizures points to complex biological effects of ketone bodies in addition to their role as a source of ATP. In this review, we specifically focus on the ability of ketone bodies to regulate neuronal excitability and their effects on gene expression to respond to oxidative stress. Finally, we also discuss their capacity as signaling molecules in brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío García-Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Giménez-Cassina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Parascandolo A, Laukkanen MO. SOD3 Is a Non-Mutagenic Growth Regulator Affecting Cell Migration and Proliferation Signal Transduction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050635. [PMID: 33919252 PMCID: PMC8143115 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) family isoenzymes, SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3, synthesize hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which regulates the signal transduction. H2O2 is a second messenger able to enter into the cells through aquaporin 3 cell membrane channels and to modify protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. SOD3 has been shown to activate signaling pathways in tissue injuries, inflammation, and cancer models. Similar to the H2O2 response in the cells, the cellular response of SOD3 is dose-dependent; even a short supraphysiological concentration reduces the cell survival and activates the growth arrest and apoptotic signaling, whereas the physiological SOD3 levels support its growth and survival. In the current work, we studied the signaling networks stimulated by SOD3 overexpression demonstrating a high diversity in the activation of signaling cascades. The results obtained suggest that SOD3, although inducing cell growth and affecting various biological processes, does not cause detectable long-term DNA aberrations. Therefore, according to the present data, SOD3 is not a mutagen. Additionally, we compared SOD3-driven immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts to SV40 immortalized NIH3T3 cells, demonstrating a marked difference in the activation of cellular kinases. The data presented may contain important druggable targets to abrogate unwanted cell growth.
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31
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Benáková Š, Holendová B, Plecitá-Hlavatá L. Redox Homeostasis in Pancreatic β-Cells: From Development to Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040526. [PMID: 33801681 PMCID: PMC8065646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox status is a key determinant in the fate of β-cell. These cells are not primarily detoxifying and thus do not possess extensive antioxidant defense machinery. However, they show a wide range of redox regulating proteins, such as peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins or thioredoxin reductases, etc., being functionally compartmentalized within the cells. They keep fragile redox homeostasis and serve as messengers and amplifiers of redox signaling. β-cells require proper redox signaling already in cell ontogenesis during the development of mature β-cells from their progenitors. We bring details about redox-regulated signaling pathways and transcription factors being essential for proper differentiation and maturation of functional β-cells and their proliferation and insulin expression/maturation. We briefly highlight the targets of redox signaling in the insulin secretory pathway and focus more on possible targets of extracellular redox signaling through secreted thioredoxin1 and thioredoxin reductase1. Tuned redox homeostasis can switch upon chronic pathological insults towards the dysfunction of β-cells and to glucose intolerance. These are characteristics of type 2 diabetes, which is often linked to chronic nutritional overload being nowadays a pandemic feature of lifestyle. Overcharged β-cell metabolism causes pressure on proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum, mainly due to increased demand on insulin synthesis, which establishes unfolded protein response and insulin misfolding along with excessive hydrogen peroxide production. This together with redox dysbalance in cytoplasm and mitochondria due to enhanced nutritional pressure impact β-cell redox homeostasis and establish prooxidative metabolism. This can further affect β-cell communication in pancreatic islets through gap junctions. In parallel, peripheral tissues losing insulin sensitivity and overall impairment of glucose tolerance and gut microbiota establish local proinflammatory signaling and later systemic metainflammation, i.e., low chronic inflammation prooxidative properties, which target β-cells leading to their dedifferentiation, dysfunction and eventually cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpánka Benáková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (Š.B.); (B.H.)
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-296-442-285
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32
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Zmazek J, Klemen MS, Markovič R, Dolenšek J, Marhl M, Stožer A, Gosak M. Assessing Different Temporal Scales of Calcium Dynamics in Networks of Beta Cell Populations. Front Physiol 2021; 12:612233. [PMID: 33833686 PMCID: PMC8021717 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.612233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans respond to stimulation with coherent oscillations of membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration that presumably drive the pulsatile exocytosis of insulin. Their rhythmic activity is multimodal, resulting from networked feedback interactions of various oscillatory subsystems, such as the glycolytic, mitochondrial, and electrical/calcium components. How these oscillatory modules interact and affect the collective cellular activity, which is a prerequisite for proper hormone release, is incompletely understood. In the present work, we combined advanced confocal Ca2+ imaging in fresh mouse pancreas tissue slices with time series analysis and network science approaches to unveil the glucose-dependent characteristics of different oscillatory components on both the intra- and inter-cellular level. Our results reveal an interrelationship between the metabolically driven low-frequency component and the electrically driven high-frequency component, with the latter exhibiting the highest bursting rates around the peaks of the slow component and the lowest around the nadirs. Moreover, the activity, as well as the average synchronicity of the fast component, considerably increased with increasing stimulatory glucose concentration, whereas the stimulation level did not affect any of these parameters in the slow component domain. Remarkably, in both dynamical components, the average correlation decreased similarly with intercellular distance, which implies that intercellular communication affects the synchronicity of both types of oscillations. To explore the intra-islet synchronization patterns in more detail, we constructed functional connectivity maps. The subsequent comparison of network characteristics of different oscillatory components showed more locally clustered and segregated networks of fast oscillatory activity, while the slow oscillations were more global, resulting in several long-range connections and a more cohesive structure. Besides the structural differences, we found a relatively weak relationship between the fast and slow network layer, which suggests that different synchronization mechanisms shape the collective cellular activity in islets, a finding which has to be kept in mind in future studies employing different oscillations for constructing networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zmazek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Rene Markovič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Marhl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gosak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Domingues A, Jolibois J, Marquet de Rougé P, Nivet-Antoine V. The Emerging Role of TXNIP in Ischemic and Cardiovascular Diseases; A Novel Marker and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041693. [PMID: 33567593 PMCID: PMC7914816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a metabolism- oxidative- and inflammation-related marker induced in cardiovascular diseases and is believed to represent a possible link between metabolism and cellular redox status. TXNIP is a potential biomarker in cardiovascular and ischemic diseases but also a novel identified target for preventive and curative medicine. The goal of this review is to focus on the novelties concerning TXNIP. After an overview in TXNIP involvement in oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism, the remainder of this review presents the clues used to define TXNIP as a new marker at the genetic, blood, or ischemic site level in the context of cardiovascular and ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Domingues
- INSERM 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.J.); (P.M.d.R.)
| | - Julia Jolibois
- INSERM 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.J.); (P.M.d.R.)
| | - Perrine Marquet de Rougé
- INSERM 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.J.); (P.M.d.R.)
| | - Valérie Nivet-Antoine
- INSERM 1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.J.); (P.M.d.R.)
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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TeSlaa T, Bartman CR, Jankowski CSR, Zhang Z, Xu X, Xing X, Wang L, Lu W, Hui S, Rabinowitz JD. The Source of Glycolytic Intermediates in Mammalian Tissues. Cell Metab 2021; 33:367-378.e5. [PMID: 33472024 PMCID: PMC8088818 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis plays a central role in organismal metabolism, but its quantitative inputs across mammalian tissues remain unclear. Here we use 13C-tracing in mice to quantify glycolytic intermediate sources: circulating glucose, intra-tissue glycogen, and circulating gluconeogenic precursors. Circulating glucose is the main source of circulating lactate, the primary end product of tissue glycolysis. Yet circulating glucose highly labels glycolytic intermediates in only a few tissues: blood, spleen, diaphragm, and soleus muscle. Most glycolytic intermediates in the bulk of body tissue, including liver and quadriceps muscle, come instead from glycogen. Gluconeogenesis contributes less but also broadly to glycolytic intermediates, and its flux persists with physiologic feeding (but not hyperinsulinemic clamp). Instead of suppressing gluconeogenesis, feeding activates oxidation of circulating glucose and lactate to maintain glucose homeostasis. Thus, the bulk of the body slowly breaks down internally stored glycogen while select tissues rapidly catabolize circulating glucose to lactate for oxidation throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Caroline R Bartman
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Connor S R Jankowski
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zhaoyue Zhang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xincheng Xu
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xi Xing
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sheng Hui
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Surai PF, Kochish II, Kidd MT. Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:186. [PMID: 33525511 PMCID: PMC7912633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention. There are a range of redox pairs in the cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation. In general, all redox elements are interconnected and regulated by various means, including antioxidant and vitagene networks. The redox status is responsible for maintenance of cell signaling and cell stress adaptation. Physiological roles of redox homeostasis maintenance in avian species, including poultry, have received limited attention and are poorly characterized. However, for the last 5 years, this topic attracted much attention, and a range of publications covered some related aspects. In fact, transcription factor Nrf2 was shown to be a master regulator of antioxidant defenses via activation of various vitagenes and other protective molecules to maintain redox homeostasis in cells/tissues. It was shown that Nrf2 is closely related to another transcription factor, namely, NF-κB, responsible for control of inflammation; however, its roles in poultry have not yet been characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe a current view on NF-κB functioning in poultry with a specific emphasis to its nutritional modulation under various stress conditions. In particular, on the one hand, it has been shown that, in many stress conditions in poultry, NF-κB activation can lead to increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines leading to systemic inflammation. On the other hand, there are a range of nutrients/supplements that can downregulate NF-κB and decrease the negative consequences of stress-related disturbances in redox homeostasis. In general, vitagene-NF-κB interactions in relation to redox balance homeostasis, immunity, and gut health in poultry production await further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Surai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, 196084 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Ivan I. Kochish
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Michael T. Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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Ivanov PC. The New Field of Network Physiology: Building the Human Physiolome. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 1:711778. [PMID: 36925582 PMCID: PMC10013018 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.711778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Plamen Ch Ivanov
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School and Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Solid State Physics, Sofia, Bulgaria
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