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Gentilotti E, Gorska A, Cecchini MP, Mirandola M, Meroi M, De Nardo P, Sartori A, De Toffoli CK, Kumar-Singh S, Zanusso G, Monaco S, Tacconelli E. Chemosensory assessment and impact on quality of life in neurosensorial cluster of the post COVID 19 syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20951. [PMID: 39251830 PMCID: PMC11384755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic brought chemosensory impairment to the forefront of medicine, revealing gaps in the knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms, true prevalence and preventive/therapeutic alternatives. This is a sub-study of the ORCHESTRA cohort focusing on post-COVID-19 chemosensory symptoms. Risk factors for neurosensorial cluster of post-COVID-19 syndrome (NSc-PCS) were assessed through multivariable analysis. Psychophysical validated tests were applied on a sub-population of 50 patients. Qualitative chemosensory symptoms as well as nasal and oral chemesthesis were evaluated through anamnestic interview and the quality of life through the SF-36 questionnaire. Chemosensory symptoms evolution and olfactory training's outcome were assessed through phone-call interviews. Out of 1187 patients (female, N = 630), 550 (47%) presented NSc-PCS, with a lower risk for older age and monoclonal antibodies treatment, and a higher risk in females (p < 0.001). Out of the 50 patients evaluated with psychophysical tests, 66% showed smell reduction with a qualitative alteration in 50% of hyposmic and 35% of normosmic patients. Hypogeusia was present in 14 (28%) of the patients assessed, with 56% showing a qualitative alteration; 53% of normogeusic patients presented qualitative disorders. NSc-PCS has a complex, fluctuating, multifaceted presentation. Quantifying and characterizing COVID-19-related chemosensory impairment is key to understand underlying mechanisms and to develop preventive and therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gentilotti
- Infectious Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Gorska
- Infectious Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Cecchini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Mirandola
- Infectious Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Meroi
- Infectious Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Nardo
- Infectious Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Infectious Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Konishi De Toffoli
- Infectious Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology & Histology, and Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gianluigi Zanusso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Infectious Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Coggins JM, Saito MH, Cook R, Urata S, Urata M, Harsell NL, Tan WN, Figueira BT, Bradley M, Quadri NZ, Saripada JAI, Reyna RA, Maruyama J, Paessler S, Makishima T. Histopathology of the Tongue in a Hamster Model of COVID-19. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4590482. [PMID: 39011098 PMCID: PMC11247945 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4590482/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective With altered sense of taste being a common symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), our objective was to investigate the presence and distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the tongue over the course of infection. Methods Golden Syrian hamsters were inoculated intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 and tongues were collected at 2, 3, 5, 8, 17, 21, 35, and 42 days post-infection (dpi) for analysis. In order to test for gross changes in the tongue, the papillae of the tongue were counted. Paraffin-embedded thin sections of the tongues were labeled for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Results There was no difference in fungiform or filiform papillae density throughout the course of infection. SARS-CoV-2 antigen was observed in the circumvallate papillae taste buds (3-35 dpi) and autonomic ganglia (5-35 dpi), as well as in the serous and mucous salivary glands of the posterior tongue (2-42 dpi). Conclusion The presence and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 suggest that the virus could cause taste disturbance by infecting the circumvallate taste buds. This effect could be exacerbated by a diminished secretion of saliva caused by infection of the serous salivary glands and the autonomic ganglia which innervate them.
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Xu C, Yin Z. Unraveling the flavor profiles of chicken meat: Classes, biosynthesis, influencing factors in flavor development, and sensory evaluation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13391. [PMID: 39042376 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Chicken is renowned as the most affordable meat option, prized by consumers worldwide for its unique flavor, and universally recognized for its essential savory flavor. Current research endeavors are increasingly dedicated to exploring the flavor profile of chicken meat. However, there is a noticeable gap in comprehensive reviews dedicated specifically to the flavor quality of chicken meat, although existing reviews cover meat flavor profiles of various animal species. This review aims to fill this gap by synthesizing knowledge from published literature to describe the compounds, chemistry reaction, influencing factors, and sensory evaluation associated with chicken meat flavor. The flavor compounds in chicken meat mainly included water-soluble low-molecular-weight substances and lipids, as well as volatile compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, esters, hydrocarbons, furans, nitrogen, and sulfur-containing compounds. The significant synthesis pathways of flavor components were Maillard reaction, Strecker degradation, lipid oxidation, lipid-Maillard interaction, and thiamine degradation. Preslaughter factors, including age, breed/strain, rearing management, muscle type, and sex of chicken, as well as postmortem conditions such as aging, cooking conditions, and low-temperature storage, were closely linked to flavor development and accounted for the significant differences observed in flavor components. Moreover, the sensory methods used to evaluate the chicken meat flavor were elaborated. This review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the flavor profile of chicken meat. It can serve as a guide for enhancing chicken meat flavor quality and provide a foundation for developing customized chicken products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Xu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozheng Yin
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Etebar N, Naderpour S, Akbari S, Zali A, Akhlaghdoust M, Daghighi SM, Baghani M, Sefat F, Hamidi SH, Rahimzadegan M. Impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on brain renin angiotensin system related signaling and its subsequent complications on brain: A theoretical perspective. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 138:102423. [PMID: 38705215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cellular ACE2 (cACE2), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), possesses catalytic activity to maintain AngII and Ang 1-7 balance, which is necessary to prevent harmful effects of AngII/AT2R and promote protective pathways of Ang (1-7)/MasR and Ang (1-7)/AT2R. Hemostasis of the brain-RAS is essential for maintaining normal central nervous system (CNS) function. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a viral disease that causes multi-organ dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 mainly uses cACE2 to enter the cells and cause its downregulation. This, in turn, prevents the conversion of Ang II to Ang (1-7) and disrupts the normal balance of brain-RAS. Brain-RAS disturbances give rise to one of the pathological pathways in which SARS-CoV-2 suppresses neuroprotective pathways and induces inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Finally, these impairments lead to neuroinflammation, neuronal injury, and neurological complications. In conclusion, the influence of RAS on various processes within the brain has significant implications for the neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. These effects include sensory disturbances, such as olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, as well as cerebrovascular and brain stem-related disorders, all of which are intertwined with disruptions in the RAS homeostasis of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Etebar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy - Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Saghi Naderpour
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy - Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Setareh Akbari
- Neuroscience and Research Committee, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Akhlaghdoust
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; USERN Office, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Daghighi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Baghani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Seyed Hootan Hamidi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Acharya BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Merle-Nguyen L, Ando-Grard O, Bourgon C, St Albin A, Jacquelin J, Klonjkowski B, Le Poder S, Meunier N. Early corticosteroid treatment enhances recovery from SARS-CoV-2 induced loss of smell in hamster. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:78-89. [PMID: 38367845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the numerous long COVID symptoms, olfactory dysfunction persists in ∼10 % of patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2 induced anosmia. Among the few potential therapies, corticoid treatment has been used for its anti-inflammatory effect with mixed success in patients. In this study, we explored its impact using hamster as an animal model. SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters lose their smell abilities and this loss is correlated with damage of the olfactory epithelium and persistent presence of innate immunity cells. We started a dexamethasone treatment 2 days post infection, when olfaction was already impacted, until 11 days post infection when it started to recover. We observed an improvement of olfactory capacities in the animals treated with corticoid compared to those treated with vehicle. This recovery was not related to differences in the remaining damage to the olfactory epithelium, which was similar in both groups. This improvement was however correlated with a reduced inflammation in the olfactory epithelium with a local increase of the mature olfactory neuron population. Surprisingly, at 11 days post infection, we observed an increased and disorganized presence of immature olfactory neurons, especially in persistent inflammatory zones of the epithelium. This unusual population of immature olfactory neurons coincided with a strong increase of olfactory epithelium proliferation in both groups. Our results indicate that persistent inflammation of the olfactory epithelium following SARS-CoV-2 infection may alter the extent and speed of regeneration of the olfactory neuron population, and that corticoid treatment is effective to limit inflammation and improve olfaction recovery following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Merle-Nguyen
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ophélie Ando-Grard
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Clara Bourgon
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Audrey St Albin
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Juliette Jacquelin
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR 1161 Virologie, INRAE-ENVA-ANSES, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Le Poder
- UMR 1161 Virologie, INRAE-ENVA-ANSES, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Meunier
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Livni D, Grinstein-Koren O, Zlotogorski-Hurvitz A, Reiter S, Winocour-Arias O, Edel J, Goldman Y, Vered M, Choshen G, Rahamim-Cohen D, Shapiro-Ben David S, Kaplan I. The effect of post-COVID-19 on gustatory and olfactory function: A preliminary case-controlled study. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1669-1679. [PMID: 36929202 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to analyze objective and subjective olfactory/gustatory function in post-COVID-19 infection (PCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with past PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection and persistent olfactory/gustatory complaints were investigated. Olfactory threshold and identification, gustatory detection, identification, and magnitude scaling were tested. RESULTS A total of 42 PCI subjects were compared to 41 age- and gender-matched controls with no COVID-19 history. All PCI tested had mild COVID-19 disease. Mean interval between COVID-19 confirmations to testing was 7.4 ± 3.1 months. PCI subjects complained of combined dysfunction in 85.7%, isolated olfactory or gustatory dysfunction in 7.1% each. Combined complaints were significantly higher in PCI (p < 0.001). Objective testing showed significantly higher prevalence of dysfunction in PCI versus controls for hyposmia (73.8%, 12.2%), anosmia (11.9%, 0%), odor identification (68.5%, 83.0%), hypogeusia (23% and 2.4%, respectively), and impaired magnitude scaling, (p < 0.05). All PCI subjects with hypogeusia had abnormal gustatory magnitude scaling. CONCLUSIONS While most PCI subjects complained of combined gustatory and olfactory dysfunction, objective testing showed in the majority an isolated single sense dysfunction, with a low level of agreement between subjective and objective findings. Abnormal objective results for all olfactory and gustatory functions tested may suggest a central rather than peripheral mechanism, although concomitant mechanisms cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Livni
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Grinstein-Koren
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Zlotogorski-Hurvitz
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Reiter
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Winocour-Arias
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jeremy Edel
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuli Goldman
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Choshen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Ilana Kaplan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Hoti Q, Akan G, Tuncel G, Evren EU, Evren H, Suer K, Sanlidag T, Ergoren MC. Altered expression levels of TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 genes among SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9343-9351. [PMID: 37817023 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common symptoms of coronavirus infections are fever, cough, shortness of breath, headache, ache of joints, a loss of smell and loss of taste, and etc. Early studies suggested that smell and taste receptors were associated with pathogenic detection and immunity. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the expression profile of gene receptors that are related to taste, smell, and appetite control in COVID-19 patients and their putative correlation with SARS-CoV-19 variants. METHOD Gene expression levels of TAS1R2, TAS1R3, TAS2R38, OR51E1, LEPR, GHRL were analyzed in 100 COVID-19 patients and 100 SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR negative group. RESULTS The expression levels of TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 genes were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients who were infected with Delta variant. However, the TAS2R38 gene expression level was significantly lower when compared to the control group. The TAS1R2 gene expression was positively correlated with TAS1R3, and TAS2R38 genes (p = 0.001, p = 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSION TAS1R2, TAS1R3, and TAS2R38 gene expression levels were decreased in the Delta variant compared to the Omicron BA.1 variant in the studied groups. These results provided a significant clue for the temporary taste loss, especially in patients infected with the Delta variant, which is the most disruptive and symptomatic variant causing hospitalizations, and deaths compared to other variants may be because ACE2 is expressed in the taste buds and high replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the infected gustatory cells in the taste bud generates inflammation and then could eventually destroy the cells. This gustatory cell damage may cause malfunction of the gustatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qendresa Hoti
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gokce Akan
- DESAM Research Institute, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gulten Tuncel
- DESAM Research Institute, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Emine Unal Evren
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Girne University, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Hakan Evren
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Girne University, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Kaya Suer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Tamer Sanlidag
- DESAM Research Institute, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Badaeva AV, Danilov AB, Clayton P, Moskalev AA, Karasev AV, Tarasevich AF, Vorobyeva YD, Novikov VN. Perspectives on Neuronutrition in Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112505. [PMID: 37299468 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The term neuronutrition has been proposed as part of nutritional neuroscience, studying the effects of various dietary components on behavior and cognition. Other researchers underline that neuronutrition includes the use of various nutrients and diets to prevent and treat neurological disorders. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the current understanding of the term neuronutrition as the key concept for brain health, its potential molecular targets, and perspectives of its nutritional approach to the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, multiple sclerosis, anxiety, depressive disorders, migraine, and chronic pain. Neuronutrition can be defined as a part of neuroscience that studies the influence of various aspects of nutrition (nutrients, diet, eating behavior, food environment, etc.) on the development of nervous disorders and includes nutrition, clinical dietetics, and neurology. There is evidence that the neuronutritional approach can influence neuroepigenetic modifications, immunological regulation, metabolic control, and behavioral patterns. The main molecular targets in neuronutrition include neuroinflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, gut-brain axis disturbance, and neurotransmitter imbalance. To effectively apply neuronutrition for maintaining brain health, a personalized approach is needed, which includes the adaptation of the scientific findings to the genetic, biochemical, psycho-physiological, and environmental features of each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia V Badaeva
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey B Danilov
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Paul Clayton
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Russian Research Clinical Center of Gerontology of the Russian National Research Medical University Named after N.I. Pirogov, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Karasev
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey F Tarasevich
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 107113 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia D Vorobyeva
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viacheslav N Novikov
- Department for Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Ramillon J, de Lamballerie X, Robineau O, Blanché H, Severi G, Touvier M, Zins M, Carrat F, Lapidus N. Antibody response, associated symptoms and profile of patients presumably infected by SARS-CoV-2 with taste or smell disorders in the SAPRIS multicohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:228. [PMID: 37060075 PMCID: PMC10103027 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taste or smell disorders have been reported as strongly associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. We aimed to identify subject characteristics, symptom associations, and antibody response intensity associated with taste or smell disorders. METHODS We used data from SAPRIS, a study based on a consortium of five prospective cohorts gathering 279,478 participants in the French general population. In the analysis, we selected participants who were presumably infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the first epidemic wave. RESULTS The analysis included 3,439 patients with a positive ELISA-Spike. Sex (OR = 1.28 [95% CI 1.05-1.58] for women), smoking (OR = 1.54 [95% CI 1.13-2.07]), consumption of more than 2 drinks of alcohol a day (OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.06-1.76]) were associated with a higher probability of taste or smell disorders. The relationship between age and taste or smell disorders was non-linear. Serological titers were associated with taste or smell disorders: OR = 1.31 [95% CI 1.26-1.36], OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.33-1.42] and OR = 1.34 [95% CI 1.29-1.39] for ELISA-Spike, ELISA-Nucleocapsid and seroneutralization, respectively. Among participants with taste or smell disorders, 90% reported a wide variety of other symptoms whereas 10% reported no other symptom or only rhinorrhea. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with a positive ELISA-Spike test, women, smokers and people drinking more than 2 drinks a day were more likely to develop taste or smell disorders. This symptom was strongly associated with an antibody response. The overwhelming majority of patients with taste or smell disorders experienced a wide variety of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ramillon
- Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité Des Virus Emergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Olivier Robineau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
- EA2694, Univ Lille, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Hélène Blanché
- Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH (Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain), CEPH-Biobank, Paris, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP UMR1018, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts, UMS 11, Paris-Saclay University, Versailles St Quentin University, Université de Paris, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Nathanaël Lapidus
- Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France.
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10
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Ren J, Zhang Y, Guo W, Feng K, Yuan Y, Huang T, Cai YD. Identification of Genes Associated with the Impairment of Olfactory and Gustatory Functions in COVID-19 via Machine-Learning Methods. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:798. [PMID: 36983953 PMCID: PMC10051382 DOI: 10.3390/life13030798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a severe respiratory disease, affects many parts of the body, and approximately 20-85% of patients exhibit functional impairment of the senses of smell and taste, some of whom even experience the permanent loss of these senses. These symptoms are not life-threatening but severely affect patients' quality of life and increase the risk of depression and anxiety. The pathological mechanisms of these symptoms have not been fully identified. In the current study, we aimed to identify the important biomarkers at the expression level associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-mediated loss of taste or olfactory ability, and we have suggested the potential pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19 complications. We designed a machine-learning-based approach to analyze the transcriptome of 577 COVID-19 patient samples, including 84 COVID-19 samples with a decreased ability to taste or smell and 493 COVID-19 samples without impairment. Each sample was represented by 58,929 gene expression levels. The features were analyzed and sorted by three feature selection methods (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, light gradient boosting machine, and Monte Carlo feature selection). The optimal feature sets were obtained through incremental feature selection using two classification algorithms: decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF). The top genes identified by these multiple methods (H3-5, NUDT5, and AOC1) are involved in olfactory and gustatory impairments. Meanwhile, a high-performance RF classifier was developed in this study, and three sets of quantitative rules that describe the impairment of olfactory and gustatory functions were obtained based on the optimal DT classifiers. In summary, this study provides a new computation analysis and suggests the latent biomarkers (genes and rules) for predicting olfactory and gustatory impairment caused by COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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11
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Andrea XP, Joceline LM, Jose OF, Jose PO. Human Nasal Epithelium Damage as the Probable Mechanism Involved in the Development of Post-COVID-19 Parosmia. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:458-464. [PMID: 36817017 PMCID: PMC9927037 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the physiopathological mechanisms of its manifestations has been crucial to understand the disease and its implications. As the disease evolved, post-infection complications have arisen such as olfactory dysfunctions including parosmia in which odourants are perceived in a distorted or an unpleasant way. Methods In this article, we attempt to clarify these mechanisms and the role of human nasal epithelium in the development of post-COVID-19 parosmia. Results The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 generates olfactory dysfunction have not been elucidated, and multiple theories have been proposed pointing to the sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium as the main probable target of the virus. Conclusion Establishing the main physiopathological mechanism of post-COVID-19 parosmia will set a path for further investigations and determine treatment and preventive options for patients who have been reported to be extensively affected in multiple aspects of their lives such as eating habits and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xolalpa-Peniche Andrea
- grid.441070.60000 0001 2111 4953Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle, Las Fuentes 17, Tlalpan Centro I, Tlalpan, 14000 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lucas-Mata Joceline
- grid.441070.60000 0001 2111 4953Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle, Las Fuentes 17, Tlalpan Centro I, Tlalpan, 14000 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Osante-Forastieri Jose
- grid.441070.60000 0001 2111 4953Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle, Las Fuentes 17, Tlalpan Centro I, Tlalpan, 14000 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pérez-Ochoa Jose
- grid.441070.60000 0001 2111 4953Facultad Mexicana de Medicina, Universidad La Salle, Las Fuentes 17, Tlalpan Centro I, Tlalpan, 14000 Ciudad de México, México
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12
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Donadoni M, Kaminski R, Liao S, Al Janabi S, Margolskee RF, Ozdener MH, Sariyer IK. Coronavirus infection in chemosensory cells. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:35-44. [PMID: 36719595 PMCID: PMC9888344 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of human coronavirus (HCoV)-related diseases are mostly related to the respiratory system, although secondary complications such as headache, anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia have been reported. HCoV infection and replication in chemosensory cells associated with ageusia and anosmia is poorly understood. Here, we characterized HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 infection in two types of chemosensory cells, olfactory and taste cells, with their unique molecular and histological characteristics. We first assessed HCoV-OC43 infection in in vitro cultured human olfactory epithelial cells (hOECs) and fungiform taste papilla (HBO) cells. Interestingly, while both cell types were susceptible to HCoV-OC43 infection, viral replication rates were significantly reduced in HBO cells compared to hOECs. More interestingly, while culture media from hOECs was able to produce secondary infection in Vero cells, there was very limited secondary infection from HBO cells, suggesting that HBO cells may not be able to release infectious virus. On the other hand, unlike HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV-2 showed comparable levels of viral infection rates in both hOECs and HBO cells. Furthermore, our RT-qPCR-based gene array studies revealed that several key genes involved in taste and olfactory functions were significantly altered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results may suggest a possible mechanism associated with chemosensory symptoms, such as anosmia and ageusia in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Donadoni
- Center for Neurovirology & Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Rafal Kaminski
- Center for Neurovirology & Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Shuren Liao
- Center for Neurovirology & Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ilker K Sariyer
- Center for Neurovirology & Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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13
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Epithelial plasticity enhances regeneration of committed taste receptor cells following nerve injury. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:171-182. [PMID: 36631663 PMCID: PMC9833027 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste receptor cells are taste bud epithelial cells that are dependent upon the innervating nerve for continuous renewal and are maintained by resident tissue stem/progenitor cells. Transection of the innervating nerve causes degeneration of taste buds and taste receptor cells. However, a subset of the taste receptor cells is maintained without nerve contact after glossopharyngeal nerve transection in the circumvallate papilla in adult mice. Here, we revealed that injury caused by glossopharyngeal nerve transection triggers the remaining differentiated K8-positive taste receptor cells to dedifferentiate and acquire transient progenitor cell-like states during regeneration. Dedifferentiated taste receptor cells proliferate, express progenitor cell markers (K14, Sox2, PCNA) and form organoids in vitro. These data indicate that differentiated taste receptor cells can enter the cell cycle, acquire stemness, and participate in taste bud regeneration. We propose that dedifferentiated taste receptor cells in combination with stem/progenitor cells enhance the regeneration of taste buds following nerve injury.
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14
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Iftikhar A. A Case Report of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Developing After COVID-19 Infection. Cureus 2023; 15:e33753. [PMID: 36793840 PMCID: PMC9922937 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) has been reported to cause significant injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we describe the case of a 48-year-old male with a past medical history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia who developed typical symptomatology of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) with cognitive impairment, gait dysfunction, and urinary incontinence after a mild coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by imaging and lumbar puncture (LP). The patient was treated with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placed by neurosurgery and had a complete recovery. Despite increasing reports of neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection, the mechanism of such pathology is still not well understood. Hypotheses include viral invasion of the CNS either through the nasopharynx and olfactory epithelium or directly through the blood brain barrier.
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15
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Singh M, Pushpakumar S, Bard N, Zheng Y, Homme RP, Mokshagundam SPL, Tyagi SC. Simulation of COVID-19 symptoms in a genetically engineered mouse model: implications for the long haulers. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:103-119. [PMID: 35731343 PMCID: PMC9214689 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic (also known as coronavirus disease-19; COVID-19) by a constantly emerging viral agent commonly referred as the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 has revealed unique pathological findings from infected human beings, and the postmortem observations. The list of disease symptoms, and postmortem observations is too long to mention; however, SARS-CoV-2 has brought with it a whole new clinical syndrome in "long haulers" including dyspnea, chest pain, tachycardia, brain fog, exercise intolerance, and extreme fatigue. We opine that further improvement in delivering effective treatment, and preventive strategies would be benefited from validated animal disease models. In this context, we designed a study, and show that a genetically engineered mouse expressing the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ACE-2 (the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 agent to enter host cells) represents an excellent investigative resource in simulating important clinical features of the COVID-19. The ACE-2 mouse model (which is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2) when administered with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) intranasally exhibited a profound cytokine storm capable of altering the physiological parameters including significant changes in cardiac function along with multi-organ damage that was further confirmed via histological findings. More importantly, visceral organs from SP treated mice revealed thrombotic blood clots as seen during postmortem examination. Thus, the ACE-2 engineered mouse appears to be a suitable model for studying intimate viral pathogenesis thus paving the way for identification, and characterization of appropriate prophylactics as well as therapeutics for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nia Bard
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Rubens P Homme
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sri Prakash L Mokshagundam
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Robley Rex VA Medical Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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16
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De R, Azad RK. Molecular signatures in the progression of COVID-19 severity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22058. [PMID: 36543855 PMCID: PMC9768786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 that has infected over 642 million and killed over 6.6 million people around the globe. Underlying a wide range of clinical manifestations of this disease, from moderate to extremely severe systemic conditions, could be genes or pathways differentially expressing in the hosts. It is therefore important to gain insights into pathways involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis and host defense and thus understand the host response to this pathogen at the physiological and molecular level. To uncover genes and pathways involved in the differential clinical manifestations of this disease, we developed a novel gene co-expression network based pipeline that uses gene expression obtained from different SARS-CoV-2 infected human tissues. We leveraged the network to identify novel genes or pathways that likely differentially express and could be physiologically significant in the COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression but were deemed statistically non-significant and therefore not further investigated in the original studies. Our network-based approach aided in the identification of co-expression modules enriched in differentially expressing genes (DEGs) during different stages of COVID-19 and enabled discovery of novel genes involved in the COVID-19 pathogenesis, by virtue of their transcript abundance and association with genes expressing differentially in modules enriched in DEGs. We further prioritized by considering only those enriched gene modules that have most of their genes differentially expressed, inferred by the original studies or this study, and document here 7 novel genes potentially involved in moderate, 2 in severe, 48 in extremely severe COVID-19, and 96 novel genes involved in the progression of COVID-19 from severe to extremely severe conditions. Our study shines a new light on genes and their networks (modules) that drive the progression of COVID-19 from moderate to extremely severe condition. These findings could aid development of new therapeutics to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronika De
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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17
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Bourgon C, Albin AS, Ando-Grard O, Da Costa B, Domain R, Korkmaz B, Klonjkowski B, Le Poder S, Meunier N. Neutrophils play a major role in the destruction of the olfactory epithelium during SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:616. [PMID: 36460750 PMCID: PMC9734468 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The loss of smell (anosmia) related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19. Olfaction starts in the olfactory epithelium mainly composed of olfactory sensory neurons surrounded by supporting cells called sustentacular cells. It is now clear that the loss of smell is related to the massive infection by SARS-CoV-2 of the sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium leading to its desquamation. However, the molecular mechanism behind the destabilization of the olfactory epithelium is less clear. Using golden Syrian hamsters infected with an early circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain harboring the D614G mutation in the spike protein; we show here that rather than being related to a first wave of apoptosis as proposed in previous studies, the innate immune cells play a major role in the destruction of the olfactory epithelium. We observed that while apoptosis remains at a low level in the damaged area of the infected epithelium, the latter is invaded by Iba1+ cells, neutrophils and macrophages. By depleting the neutrophil population or blocking the activity of neutrophil elastase-like proteinases, we could reduce the damage induced by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Surprisingly, the impairment of neutrophil activity led to a decrease in SARS-CoV-2 infection levels in the olfactory epithelium. Our results indicate a counterproductive role of neutrophils leading to the release of infected cells in the lumen of the nasal cavity and thereby enhanced spreading of the virus in the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bourgon
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Audrey St Albin
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ophélie Ando-Grard
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Roxane Domain
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, "Research Center for Respiratory Diseases" and University of Tours, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR 1161 Virologie, INRAE-ENVA-ANSES, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, 94704, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Le Poder
- UMR 1161 Virologie, INRAE-ENVA-ANSES, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, 94704, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Meunier
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (UR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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18
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Ferrulli A, Senesi P, Terruzzi I, Luzi L. Eating Habits and Body Weight Changes Induced by Variation in Smell and Taste in Patients with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235068. [PMID: 36501098 PMCID: PMC9738767 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are recognized as common symptoms in patients with COVID-19, with a prevalence ranging, respectively, between 41-61% and 38.2-49%. This review focused on relating the variations in dietary habits with the reduction/loss of smell and/or taste in patients who contracted the COVID-19 infection. Primarily, we reviewed the main pathological mechanisms involved in COVID 19-induced anosmia/dysosmia and ageusia/dysgeusia. Then, we explored and summarized the behavioural changes in food intake and body weight during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to sensory impairment and the underlying mechanisms. Most studies on this topic argue that the altered chemosensory perception (taste and smell) mainly induces reduced appetite, leading to a faster fullness sensation during the consumption of a meal and, therefore, to a decrease in body weight. On the other hand, a reduced perception of the food's sensory properties may trigger compensatory responses that lead some individuals to increase food intake with a different effect on body weight. Regarding body weight, most studies evaluated malnutrition in patients hospitalized for COVID-19; more studies are warranted to investigate nutritional status specifically in non-hospitalized patients with olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions caused by COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-02-8599-4572
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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19
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Sabbagh HJ, Abdelaziz W, Quritum M, Alamoudi RA, AlKhateeb NAB, Abourdan J, Qureshi N, Qureshi S, Hamoud AHN, Mahmoud N, Odeh R, Al-Khanati NM, Jaber R, Balkhoyor AL, Shabi M, Folayan MO, Alade O, Gomaa N, Alnahdi R, Mahmoud NA, El Wazziki H, Alnaas M, Samodien B, Mahmoud RA, Assab NA, Saad S, Alsayad MM, Alhachim SG, El Tantawi M. A multi-country study on the impact of sex and age on oral features of COVID-19 infection in adolescents and young adults. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:513. [PMID: 36402969 PMCID: PMC9675238 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral diseases are features of COVID-19 infection. There is, however, little known about oral diseases associated with COVID-19 in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess oral lesions’ association with COVID-19 infection in AYA; and to identify if sex and age will modify these associations. Methodology Data was collected for this cross-sectional study between August 2020 and January 2021 from 11-to-23 years old participants in 43-countries using an electronic validated questionnaire developed in five languages. Data collected included information on the dependent variables (the presence of oral conditions- gingival inflammation, dry mouth, change in taste and oral ulcers), independent variable (COVID-19 infection) and confounders (age, sex, history of medical problems and parents’ educational level). Multilevel binary logistic regression was used for analysis. Results Complete data were available for 7164 AYA, with 7.5% reporting a history of COVID-19 infection. A significantly higher percentage of participants with a history of COVID-19 infection than those without COVID-19 infection reported having dry mouth (10.6% vs 7.3%, AOR = 1.31) and taste changes (11.1% vs 2.7%, AOR = 4.11). There was a significant effect modification in the association between COVID-19 infection and the presence of dry mouth and change in taste by age and sex (P = 0.02 and < 0.001). Conclusion COVID-19 infection was associated with dry mouth and change in taste among AYA and the strength of this association differed by age and sex. These oral conditions may help serve as an index for suspicion of COVID-19 infection in AYA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02515-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 80200, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Abdelaziz
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
| | - Maryam Quritum
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
| | - Rana Abdullah Alamoudi
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Abu Bakr AlKhateeb
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Joud Abourdan
- grid.411781.a0000 0004 0471 9346Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, 34230 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nafeesa Qureshi
- City Quay Dental Practice and Implant Centre, Dundee, DD1 3JA UK
| | - Shabnum Qureshi
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Education, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Ahmed H. N. Hamoud
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
| | - Nada Mahmoud
- grid.449328.00000 0000 8955 8908Faculty of Dentistry, National Ribat University, 1111 Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ruba Odeh
- grid.444470.70000 0000 8672 9927College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- grid.449576.d0000 0004 5895 8692Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, 386 Syria
| | - Rawiah Jaber
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117General Courses, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Loaie Balkhoyor
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shabi
- grid.460099.2University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23218 Saudi Arabia
| | - Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria
| | - Omolola Alade
- grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Noha Gomaa
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Raqiya Alnahdi
- Department of Dental Surgery, Oman Dental College, 116 Muscat, Oman
| | - Nawal A. Mahmoud
- grid.444472.50000 0004 1756 3061Institute of Creative Art and Design (ICAD), Kuala Lumpur Campus, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanane El Wazziki
- Department of Cereal Plant Pathology, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 10090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Manal Alnaas
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN UK
| | - Bahia Samodien
- Western Cape Education Department, Cape Town, 8001 South Africa
| | - Rawa A. Mahmoud
- Musculoskeletal Center, International Medical Centre, Jeddah, 21451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Abu Assab
- Schools of Awqaf, Directorate of Education, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sherin Saad
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maha El Tantawi
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561 Egypt
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20
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Higa E, Elbéji A, Zhang L, Fischer A, Aguayo GA, Nazarov PV, Fagherazzi G. Discovery and Analytical Validation of a Vocal Biomarker to Monitor Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients With COVID-19: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Med Inform 2022; 10:e35622. [DOI: 10.2196/35622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 disease has multiple symptoms, with anosmia and ageusia being the most prevalent, varying from 75% to 95% and from 50% to 80% of infected patients, respectively. An automatic assessment tool for these symptoms will help monitor the disease in a fast and noninvasive manner.
Objective
We hypothesized that people with COVID-19 experiencing anosmia and ageusia had different voice features than those without such symptoms. Our objective was to develop an artificial intelligence pipeline to identify and internally validate a vocal biomarker of these symptoms for remotely monitoring them.
Methods
This study used population-based data. Participants were assessed daily through a web-based questionnaire and asked to register 2 different types of voice recordings. They were adults (aged >18 years) who were confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction test to be positive for COVID-19 in Luxembourg and met the inclusion criteria. Statistical methods such as recursive feature elimination for dimensionality reduction, multiple statistical learning methods, and hypothesis tests were used throughout this study. The TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis) Prediction Model Development checklist was used to structure the research.
Results
This study included 259 participants. Younger (aged <35 years) and female participants showed higher rates of ageusia and anosmia. Participants were aged 41 (SD 13) years on average, and the data set was balanced for sex (female: 134/259, 51.7%; male: 125/259, 48.3%). The analyzed symptom was present in 94 (36.3%) out of 259 participants and in 450 (27.5%) out of 1636 audio recordings. In all, 2 machine learning models were built, one for Android and one for iOS devices, and both had high accuracy—88% for Android and 85% for iOS. The final biomarker was then calculated using these models and internally validated.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that people with COVID-19 who have anosmia and ageusia have different voice features from those without these symptoms. Upon further validation, these vocal biomarkers could be nested in digital devices to improve symptom assessment in clinical practice and enhance the telemonitoring of COVID-19–related symptoms.
Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04380987; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04380987
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21
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Choi H, Lee EJ, Ahn YS, Yoo YM. Effects of the Omicron variant on perinatal outcomes in full-term neonates. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:625. [PMID: 36324100 PMCID: PMC9630062 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03690-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) effects on newborns is ongoing. But the research of specific variant's effects is none. This study analyzed the effects of the Omicron variant on the perinatal outcomes of full-term newborns during the Omicron wave period. METHODS: Between December 2021 and April 2022, this study was conducted on all newborns who visited a single center. We investigated due to the Omicron maternal infection maternal pregnancy complications, delivery methods, birth week, Apgar scores, neonatal resuscitation program requirement, whether respiratory support was required until 12 h after childbirth, suspicious infectious status, and mortality depending on maternal Omicron infection. RESULTS A total of 127 neonates were enrolled, and 12 were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Sixteen neonates were born to mothers with a history of Omicron COVID-19, and 99 were born to non-infectious mothers. All infected mothers became infected in the 3rd trimester. Of the 16 mothers, seven were symptomatic, and four met the isolation criteria, according to Korean guidelines. The birth weight of newborns to mothers with a history of COVID and those without was 2.958 ± 0.272 kg and 3.064 ± 0.461 kg (p = 0.049), respectively. The 5-min Apgar score at childbirth was 9.29 ± 0.756 and 9.78 ± 0.460 for neonates born to symptomatic and asymptomatic mothers (p = 0.019), respectively. When compared with or without maternal self-isolation, neonates requiring respiratory support 12 h after birth demonstrated a significant difference (p = 0.014; OR, 10.275). Additionally, the presence or absence of transient tachypnea of the newborn showed a significant value (p = 0.010; OR 11.929). CONCLUSIONS Owing to Omicron COVID-19, newborns were born with lower birth weight, low 5-min Apgar scores, and required respiratory support until 12 h after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Choi
- grid.464718.80000 0004 0647 3124Department of Pediatrics, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-Ro, Wonju, Kangwon-Do 24626 South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- grid.464718.80000 0004 0647 3124Department of Pediatrics, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-Ro, Wonju, Kangwon-Do 24626 South Korea
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Prevention Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Yeong Myong Yoo
- grid.464718.80000 0004 0647 3124Department of Pediatrics, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-Ro, Wonju, Kangwon-Do 24626 South Korea
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22
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COVID-19, sens chimiques et pathologies métaboliques. MÉDECINE DES MALADIES MÉTABOLIQUES 2022. [PMCID: PMC9433342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmm.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Une réduction importante de l’odorat, indépendamment de l’obstruction nasale, et du goût, a été signalée comme un des symptômes majeurs suite à l’infection par la COVID-19. Cette réduction est si fréquente qu’elle a été proposée comme un des prédicteurs le plus relevant pour diagnostiquer l’infection. Différents mécanismes par lesquels les virus affectent l’odorat et le goût ont été proposés. L’ACE2 (enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine 2) a été caractérisé comme le principal récepteur d’entrée du virus SARS-CoV-2 qui interagit avec les protéines « spikes » du virus, ce qui permet à ce dernier d’entrer dans la cellule hôte par un domaine de fusion. Il est principalement exprimé dans la partie supérieure des voies respiratoires, et la plus forte densité de ces protéines se trouve dans les épithéliums olfactif et gustatif. Les données actuellement disponibles indiquent que la cause la plus probable de l’anosmie pendant la COVID-19 est une altération de la fonction des neurones sensoriels olfactifs, associée à l’infection et à la mort des cellules microvillaires, et des péricytes vasculaires. Les mécanismes généraux sont les mêmes en ce qui concerne le goût. La pathogenèse des troubles olfactifs et gustatifs dans la COVID-19 peut entraîner des altérations diverses, dont des modifications de la prise alimentaire et du métabolisme énergétique. Les individus porteurs de pathologies métaboliques ayant une plus forte susceptibilité à la COVID-19 sont, de ce fait, plus exposés aux perturbations des sens chimiques et à leurs conséquences. De plus, des études récentes montrent que la COVID-19 augmenterait la susceptibilité au diabète en s’attaquant directement aux cellules β-pancréatiques.
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23
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Halimi S. De la madeleine de Proust à la COVID-19, le goût et l’odorat sont « essentiels ». De la mémoire olfactive à la perte de l’odorat ! MÉDECINE DES MALADIES MÉTABOLIQUES 2022. [PMCID: PMC9399123 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmm.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Vandersteen C, Payne M, Dumas LÉ, Cancian É, Plonka A, D’Andréa G, Chirio D, Demonchy É, Risso K, Askenazy-Gittard F, Savoldelli C, Guevara N, Robert P, Castillo L, Manera V, Gros A. Olfactory Training in Post-COVID-19 Persistent Olfactory Disorders: Value Normalization for Threshold but Not Identification. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123275. [PMID: 35743346 PMCID: PMC9224948 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Persistent post-viral olfactory disorders (PPVOD) are estimated at 30% of patients one year after COVID-19 infection. No treatment is, to date, significantly effective on PPVOD with the exception of olfactory training (OT). The main objective of this work was to evaluate OT efficiency on post-COVID-19 PPVOD. (2) Methods: Consecutive patients consulting to the ENT department with post-COVID-19 PPVOD were included after completing clinical examination, the complete Sniffin’ Stick Test (TDI), the short version of the Questionnaire of olfactory disorders and the SF-36. Patients were trained to practice a self-olfactory training with a dedicated olfactory training kit twice a day for 6 months before returning to undergo the same assessments. (3) Results: Forty-three patients were included and performed 3.5 months of OT in average. We observed a significant TDI score improvement, increasing from 24.7 (±8.9) before the OT to 30.9 (±9.8) (p < 0.001). Based on normative data, a significant increase in the number of normosmic participants was observed only for the threshold values (p < 0.001). Specific and general olfaction-related quality of life improved after the OT. (4) Conclusions: Olfactory function appeared to improve only in peripheral aspects of post-COVID-19 PPVOD after OT. Future controlled studies must be performed to confirm the OT role and justify new therapeutic strategies that may focus on the central aspects of post-COVID-19 PPVOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair Vandersteen
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-9203-1705
| | - Magali Payne
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice (DON), UFR Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Louise-Émilie Dumas
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 57 Avenue de la Californie, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Élisa Cancian
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Alexandra Plonka
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Institut NeuroMod, INRIA Centre de Recherche Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d’Azur, 2004 Route des Lucioles, 06902 Valbonne, France
- Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Grégoire D’Andréa
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - David Chirio
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France; (D.C.); (É.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Élisa Demonchy
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France; (D.C.); (É.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Karine Risso
- Département de Médecine Infectiologique, Hôpital de l’archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France; (D.C.); (É.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Florence Askenazy-Gittard
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 57 Avenue de la Californie, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Charles Savoldelli
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Nicolas Guevara
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Philippe Robert
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice (DON), UFR Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
- Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Laurent Castillo
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Côte d’Azur, 31 Avenue de Valombrose, 06100 Nice, France; (É.C.); (G.D.); (C.S.); (N.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Valeria Manera
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice (DON), UFR Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Auriane Gros
- Laboratoire CoBTeK, Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France; (M.P.); (L.-É.D.); (A.P.); (F.A.-G.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
- Département d’Orthophonie de Nice (DON), UFR Médecine, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
- Service Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
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Alterations in taste and smell associated with SARS-CoV-2: An exploratory study investigating food consumption and subsequent behavioural changes for those suffering from Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19. J Nutr Sci 2022. [PMCID: PMC8886082 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore food consumption and subsequent behavioural changes amongst PASC suffers associated with alterations in taste and smell. Design: A qualitative study involving five focus groups. Setting: Birmingham and Leicester, England, United Kingdom. Participants: Forty-seven Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 sufferers. Results: Shifts in taste and odour were very common with disgusting or unpleasant notes being perceived in many foods, including animal products rich in protein. Food consumption patterns varied affecting nutrition status, individuals weight, types of foods consumed, cooking habits, coping mechanisms, anxieties, family and social interactions. Individuals expressed the need to taste something or experience normal tastes and flavour. Low pH foods, highly processed foods which may contain large amounts of refined sugars as well as cold processed food were the preferred items for consumption. Conclusion: Olfactory dysfunction was related to the consumption of nutrients that require moderation and to the quality of life. Intervention at an early stage is necessary in order to help avoid such complications and thus, this work informs medical practitioners and health workers of the variety of food choices that are more acceptable for people suffering from altered tastes and odour perception.
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26
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Effects of fluid and drinking on pneumonia mortality in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:96-105. [PMID: 35063249 PMCID: PMC8631606 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Methods Results Conclusions
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27
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Cavallieri F, Sellner J, Zedde M, Moro E. Neurologic complications of coronavirus and other respiratory viral infections. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 189:331-358. [PMID: 36031313 PMCID: PMC9418023 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91532-8.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In humans, several respiratory viruses can have neurologic implications affecting both central and peripheral nervous system. Neurologic manifestations can be linked to viral neurotropism and/or indirect effects of the infection due to endothelitis with vascular damage and ischemia, hypercoagulation state with thrombosis and hemorrhages, systemic inflammatory response, autoimmune reactions, and other damages. Among these respiratory viruses, recent and huge attention has been given to the coronaviruses, especially the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic started in 2020. Besides the common respiratory symptoms and the lung tropism of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), neurologic manifestations are not rare and often present in the severe forms of the infection. The most common acute and subacute symptoms and signs include headache, fatigue, myalgia, anosmia, ageusia, sleep disturbances, whereas clinical syndromes include mainly encephalopathy, ischemic stroke, seizures, and autoimmune peripheral neuropathies. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19 in the various acute neurologic manifestations are partially understood, little is known about long-term consequences of the infection. These consequences concern both the so-called long-COVID (characterized by the persistence of neurological manifestations after the resolution of the acute viral phase), and the onset of new neurological symptoms that may be linked to the previous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cavallieri
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Mistelbach, Austria,Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Moro
- Division of Neurology, CHU of Grenoble, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France,Correspondence to: Elena Moro, Service de neurologie, CHU de Grenoble (Hôpital Nord), Boulevard de la Chantourne, 38043 La Tronche, France. Tel: + 33-4-76-76-94-52, Fax: +33-4-76-76-56-31
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28
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Barros A, Queiruga-Piñeiro J, Lozano-Sanroma J, Alcalde I, Gallar J, Fernández-Vega Cueto L, Alfonso JF, Quirós LM, Merayo-Lloves J. Small fiber neuropathy in the cornea of Covid-19 patients associated with the generation of ocular surface disease. Ocul Surf 2021; 23:40-48. [PMID: 34781021 PMCID: PMC8588585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To describe the association between Sars-CoV-2 infection and small fiber neuropathy in the cornea identified by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. Methods Twenty-three patients who had overcome COVID-19 were recruited to this observational retrospective study. Forty-six uninfected volunteers were also recruited and studied as a control group. All subjects were examined under in vivo confocal microscopy to obtain images of corneal subbasal nerve fibers in order to study the presence of neuroma-like structures, axonal beadings and dendritic cells. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and Schirmer tear test were used as indicators of Dry Eye Disease (DED) and ocular surface pathology. Results Twenty-one patients (91.31%) presented alterations of the corneal subbasal plexus and corneal tissue consistent with small fiber neuropathy. Images from healthy subjects did not indicate significant nerve fiber or corneal tissue damage. Eight patients reported increased sensations of ocular dryness after COVID-19 infection and had positive DED indicators. Beaded axons were found in 82.60% of cases, mainly in patients reporting ocular irritation symptoms. Neuroma-like images were found in 65.22% patients, more frequently in those with OSDI scores >13. Dendritic cells were found in 69.56% of patients and were more frequent in younger asymptomatic patients. The presence of morphological alterations in patients up to 10 months after recovering from Sars-CoV-2 infection points to the chronic nature of the neuropathy. Conclusions Sars-CoV-2 infection may be inducing small fiber neuropathy in the ocular surface, sharing symptomatology and morphological landmarks with DED and diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo & Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - José F Alfonso
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis M Quirós
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo & Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo & Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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29
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Beppu K, Shono H, Kawakami A, Takashi T, Watanabe S, Yoshida A, Kuroda M, Fujimoto C, Kanamura R, Ohnishi H, Kondo E, Azuma T, Sato G, Kitamura Y, Tsutsumi R, Sakaue H, Takeda N. Dietary supplementation with monosodium glutamate with dietary balance such as protein, salt and sugar intake with increasing T1R3 taste receptor gene expression in healthy females. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 68:315-320. [PMID: 34759151 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.68.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that chemotherapy-induced dysgeusia was associated with lingual taste receptor gene expression, and monosodium glutamate (MSG) improved dysgeusia by upregulating taste 1 receptor 3(T1R3) gene expression. In recent years, decreased taste sensitivity has also been reported in some young people, and these are partly due to their disordered eating habits. From these background, we investigated the effects of MSG supplementation on taste receptor expression and dietary intake in healthy females. Fifteen young healthy volunteers were enrolled for the present crossover study and divided in two groups (dietary supplementation with MSG at 2.7 g / day or 0.27 g / day). The relative expression of T1R3, a subunit of both umami and sweet taste receptors, in the tongue was assessed by quantitative PCR analysis. Food intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQg), and body composition was measured using Omron HBF-701. T1R3 expression levels in the tongue and taste sensitivity increased significantly in participants who consumed <10 g of MSG daily, whereas no alteration was observed in participants who consumed >10 g of MSG daily. Furthermore, protein, fat, and carbohydrate (PFC) balance and salt and sugar intake improved by MSG supplementation. In conclusion, MSG supplementation increased T1R3 expression in the tongue and improved dietary balance. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 315-320, August, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Beppu
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hitoshi Shono
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ayuka Kawakami
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoe Takashi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Suzuno Watanabe
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akari Yoshida
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuroda
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chisa Fujimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Kanamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohnishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahito Azuma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Go Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kitamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Rasquinha MT, Sur M, Lasrado N, Reddy J. IL-10 as a Th2 Cytokine: Differences Between Mice and Humans. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2205-2215. [PMID: 34663593 PMCID: PMC8544817 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of IL-10 more than 30 years ago marked the beginning of our understanding of how cytokines regulate immune responses, based on cross-regulation between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Although multiple cell types were shown to produce IL-10, its identity as a Th2 cytokine remained strong because it was rigidly associated with Th2 clones in mice, whereas both Th1 and Th2 clones could secrete IL-10 in humans. However, as new Th1/Th2 cell functionalities emerged, anti-inflammatory action of IL-10 gained more attention than its inhibitory effect on Th1 cells, which may occur as an indirect consequence of suppression of APCs. This notion is also supported by the discovery of regulatory T cells, whose suppressor functions involve the mediation of IL-10, among other molecules. From this perspective, we discuss the functionalities of IL-10 by highlighting important differences between mice and humans with an emphasis on the Th1 and Th2 paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima T Rasquinha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Meghna Sur
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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31
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Hintschich CA, Niv MY, Hummel T. The taste of the pandemic-contemporary review on the current state of research on gustation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 12:210-216. [PMID: 34704387 PMCID: PMC8653126 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Subjectively perceived impairment of taste is a common and distinct symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Large meta-analyses identified this symptom in approximately 50% of cases. However, this high prevalence is not supported by blinded and validated psychophysical gustatory testing, which showed a much lower prevalence in up to 26% of patients. This discrepancy may be due to misinterpretation of impaired retronasal olfaction as gustatory dysfunction. In addition, we hypothesized that COVID-19-associated hyposmia is involved in the decrease of gustatory function, as found for hyposmia of different origin. This indirect mechanism would be based on the central-nervous mutual amplification between the chemical senses, which fails in COVID-19-associated olfactory loss. However, further research is necessary on how severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may directly impair the gustatory pathway as well as its subjective perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masha Y Niv
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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32
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Rashid RA, Zgair A, Al-Ani RM. Effect of nasal corticosteroid in the treatment of anosmia due to COVID-19: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Am J Otolaryngol 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Rashid RA, Zgair A, Al-Ani RM. Effect of nasal corticosteroid in the treatment of anosmia due to COVID-19: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:103033. [PMID: 33839489 PMCID: PMC8024226 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anosmia is a common debilitating symptom of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment of anosmia. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of nasal betamethasone drops in the recovery of olfaction in COVID-19-associated anosmia. METHODS The study was designed as a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. In total, 276 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients who were presented to the outpatient clinic with anosmia were enrolled in the study. In the betamethasone group, 138 participants received nasal drops of betamethasone 3 times daily until recovery for a maximum of one month. Similar dose of 9% NaCl drops was administered to 138 participants in the placebo group. RESULTS The median age of participants was 29 years (IQR 23-37). Among them, 198 (71.7%) were females. Ageusia was co-presented with anosmia in 234 (84.8%) of participants. In this study, 83% of participants had recovered from anosmia within 30 days, with a median recovery time of 13 days (IQR 8-18). Compared to placebo, nasal application of betamethasone drops has no significant effect on the recovery time of anosmia (hazard ratio 0.88; 95% CI 0.68-1.14; P = 0.31). CONCLUSION The use of nasal betamethasone to facilitate the recovery time of acute anosmia is not advised. In addition, age, smoking status, the duration of anosmia at presentation, and the co-presentation of ageusia with anosmia are important determinant covariates for the recovery time of anosmia. Further clinical trials, which take these covariates into account, will need to be undertaken. The trail has been registered at ClinicalTrails.gov, NCT04569825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed Ali Rashid
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, 34001, Iraq
| | - Atheer Zgair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, 31001, Iraq.
| | - Raid M Al-Ani
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Ramadi, 31001, Iraq
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ÖZKAN OKTAY E, TUNCAY S, KAMAN T, KARASAKAL ÖF, ÖZCAN ÖÖ, SOYLAMIŞ T, KARAHAN M, KONUK M. An update comprehensive review on the status of COVID-19: vaccines, drugs, variants and neurological symptoms. Turk J Biol 2021; 45:342-357. [PMID: 34803439 PMCID: PMC8573837 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2106-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various recently reported mutant variants, candidate and urgently approved current vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many current situations with severe neurological damage and symptoms as well as respiratory tract disorders have begun to be reported. In particular, drug, vaccine, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we review lessons learned from the use of novel mutant variants of the COVID-19 virus, immunization, new drug solutions, and antibody therapies for infections. Next, we focus on the B 1.1.7, B 1.351, P.1, and B.1.617 lineages or variants of concern that have been reported worldwide, the new manifestations of neurological manifestations, the current therapeutic drug targets for its treatment, vaccine candidates and their efficacy, implantation of convalescent plasma, and neutralization of mAbs. We review specific clinical questions, including many emerging neurological effects and respiratory tract injuries, as well as new potential biomarkers, new studies in addition to known therapeutics, and chronic diseases of vaccines that have received immediate approval. To answer these questions, further understanding of the burden kinetics of COVID-19 and its correlation with neurological clinical outcomes, endogenous antibody responses to vaccines, pharmacokinetics of neutralizing mAbs, and action against emerging viral mutant variants is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru ÖZKAN OKTAY
- Laboratory Technology Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Salih TUNCAY
- Food Technology Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Tuğba KAMAN
- Medical and Aromatic Plants Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Ömer Faruk KARASAKAL
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Öznur Özge ÖZCAN
- Physiotherapy Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Tuğçe SOYLAMIŞ
- Laboratory Technology Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Mesut KARAHAN
- Vocational School of Health Services, Üsküdar University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Muhsin KONUK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, İstanbulTurkey
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Oral Mucosa Could Be an Infectious Target of SARS-CoV-2. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9081068. [PMID: 34442205 PMCID: PMC8393540 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reported that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is caused by respiratory droplets and aerosols from the oral cavity of infected patients. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is considered the host functional protein for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this article, we first revealed that the positive proportion of ACE2 expression in gingival cells collected from the gingival sulcus was increased to the same level as the tongue. Our data demonstrate that cells in the gingival sulcus may be a new entry point for the SARS-CoV-2 virus via a high expression of ACE2. In addition, we first evaluated the expression of ACE2 in various sites of the oral cavity with noninvasive, convenient liquid-based cytology. The liquid-based cytology evaluation of oral tissue may provide a novel preventive medical avenue against COVID-19.
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