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Sikandar A, Rao W, He H, Chen B, Xu X, Wu H. Metabolomics and histopathological analysis of two tomato cultivars after co-infection with soil-borne pathogens (Southern root-knot nematode and Fusarium wilt fungus). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108983. [PMID: 39094484 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and Fusarium wilt fungus (Fusarium oxysporum) are one of the most predominant pathogens responsible for substantial agricultural yield reduction of tomato. The current study planned to assess the effects of M. incognita (Mi) and F. oxysporum (Fo) and their co-infection on two tomato cultivars, Zhongza 09 (ZZ09) and Gailing Maofen 802 (GLM802). The present study examined the effects of co-infection on leaf morphology, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and histopathology. The present study used metabolomics to evaluate plant-pathogen interactions. The outcomes of the current study revealed that chlorophyll content and leaf area decreased more in GLM802 during co-infection. In co-infection (Fo + Mi), the chlorophyll content reduction in ZZ09 was 11%, while in GLM802 the reduction reached up to 31% as compared to control. Moreover, the reduction in leaf are in ZZ09 was 31%, however, in the GLM802 reduction was observed 54% as compared to control plants. Similarly, GLM802 stems exhibited larger brown patches on their vascular bundles than ZZ09 stems. The rate of browning of GLM802 stems was 247% more than ZZ09, during co-infection. Moreover, GLM802 roots exhibited a higher abundance of hyphae and larger galls than ZZ09 roots. In metabolic studies, glutathione, succinic acid, and 2-isopropylmalic acid decreased, whereas spermine and fumaric acid increased in GLM802 co-infected stems. It indicates that GLM802 is weakly resistant; therefore, F. oxysporum and other pathogens readily damage tissue. In the co-infected stem of ZZ09, L-asparagine and shikimic acid increased, but pipecolic acid, L-saccharine, and 2-isopropylmalic acid declined. L-asparagine was crucial in preserving the stability of nitrogen metabolism, chlorophyll synthesis, and leaf growth in ZZ09. Shikimic acid's substantial accumulation could explain the limited extent of browning observed in the vascular bundles of ZZ09. Thus, the present study provides insight into M. incognita and F. oxysporum co-infection in two tomato cultivars, which may aid breeding efforts to generate commercially viable resistant cultivars. However, further research on the relationship between M. incognita and F. oxysporum in different host plants is required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatika Sikandar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenkai Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Heliang He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bochang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiongbiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Foti C, Zambounis A, Bataka EP, Kalloniati C, Panagiotaki E, Nakas CT, Flemetakis E, Pavli OI. Metabolic Aspects of Lentil- Fusarium Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2005. [PMID: 39065530 PMCID: PMC11281263 DOI: 10.3390/plants13142005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol) is considered the most destructive disease for lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) worldwide. Despite the extensive studies elucidating plants' metabolic response to fungal agents, there is a knowledge gap in the biochemical mechanisms governing Fol-resistance in lentil. Τhis study aimed at comparatively evaluating the metabolic response of two lentil genotypes, with contrasting phenotypes for Fol-resistance, to Fol-inoculation. Apart from gaining insights into the metabolic reprogramming in response to Fol-inoculation, the study focused on discovering novel biomarkers to improve early selection for Fol-resistance. GC-MS-mediated metabolic profiling of leaves and roots was employed to monitor changes across genotypes and treatments as well as their interaction. In total, the analysis yielded 178 quantifiable compounds, of which the vast majority belonged to the groups of carbohydrates, amino acids, polyols and organic acids. Despite the magnitude of metabolic fluctuations in response to Fol-inoculation in both genotypes under study, significant alterations were noted in the content of 18 compounds, of which 10 and 8 compounds referred to roots and shoots, respectively. Overall data underline the crucial contribution of palatinitol and L-proline in the metabolic response of roots and shoots, respectively, thus offering possibilities for their exploitation as metabolic biomarkers for Fol-resistance in lentil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first metabolomics-based approach to unraveling the effects of Fol-inoculation on lentil's metabolome, thus providing crucial information related to key aspects of lentil-Fol interaction. Future investigations in metabolic aspects of lentil-Fol interactions will undoubtedly revolutionize the search for metabolites underlying Fol-resistance, thus paving the way towards upgrading breeding efforts to combat fusarium wilt in lentil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Foti
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (C.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evmorfia P. Bataka
- Laboratory of Biometry, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (E.P.B.); (C.T.N.)
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Evangelia Panagiotaki
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (C.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Christos T. Nakas
- Laboratory of Biometry, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (E.P.B.); (C.T.N.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Ourania I. Pavli
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou St., 384 46 Volos, Greece; (C.F.); (E.P.)
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Silva E, Dantas R, Barbosa JC, Berlinck RGS, Fill T. Metabolomics approach to understand molecular mechanisms involved in fungal pathogen-citrus pathosystems. Mol Omics 2024; 20:154-168. [PMID: 38273771 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Citrus is a crucial crop with a significant economic impact globally. However, postharvest decay caused by fungal pathogens poses a considerable threat, leading to substantial financial losses. Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, Geotrichum citri-aurantii and Phyllosticta citricarpa are the main fungal pathogens, causing green mold, blue mold, sour rot and citrus black spot diseases, respectively. The use of chemical fungicides as a control strategy in citrus raises concerns about food and environmental safety. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions is essential to find safer alternatives. This review highlights the potential of the metabolomics approach in the search for bioactive compounds involved in the pathogen-citrus interaction, and how the integration of metabolomics and genomics contributes to the understanding of secondary metabolites associated with fungal virulence and the fungal infection mechanisms. Our goal is to provide a pipeline combining metabolomics and genomics that can effectively guide researchers to perform studies aiming to contribute to the understanding of the fundamental chemical and biochemical aspects of pathogen-host interactions, in order to effectively develop new alternatives for fungal diseases in citrus cultivation. We intend to inspire the scientific community to question unexplored biological systems, and to employ diverse analytical approaches and metabolomics techniques to address outstanding questions about the non-studied pathosystems from a chemical biology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Silva
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Chemistry, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Dantas
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Júlio César Barbosa
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Chemistry, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Taicia Fill
- State University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, CEP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Chaowongdee S, Malichan S, Pongpamorn P, Paemanee A, Siriwan W. Metabolic profiles of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus-infected and healthy cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivars with tolerance and susceptibility phenotypes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:178. [PMID: 37020181 PMCID: PMC10074701 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has expanded across many continents. Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV; family Geminiviridae), which is the predominant cause of CMD in Thailand, has caused agricultural and economic damage in many Southeast Asia countries such as Vietnam, Loas, and Cambodia. The recent SLCMV epidemic in Thailand was commonly found in cassava plantations. Current understanding of plant-virus interactions for SLCMV and cassava is limited. Accordingly, this study explored the metabolic profiles of SLCMV-infected and healthy groups of tolerant (TME3 and KU50) and susceptible (R11) cultivars of cassava. Findings from the study may help to improve cassava breeding, particularly when combined with future transcriptomic and proteomic research. RESULTS SLCMV-infected and healthy leaves were subjected to metabolite extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS). The resulting data were analyzed using Compound Discoverer software, the mzCloud, mzVault, and ChemSpider databases, and published literature. Of the 85 differential compounds (SLCMV-infected vs healthy groups), 54 were differential compounds in all three cultivars. These compounds were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering dendrogram analysis, heatmap analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation. Chlorogenic acid, DL-carnitine, neochlorogenic acid, (E)-aconitic acid, and ascorbyl glucoside were differentially expressed only in TME3 and KU50, with chlorogenic acid, (E)-aconitic acid, and neochlorogenic acid being downregulated in both SLCMV-infected TME3 and KU50, DL-carnitine being upregulated in both SLCMV-infected TME3 and KU50, and ascorbyl glucoside being downregulated in SLCMV-infected TME3 but upregulated in SLCMV-infected KU50. Furthermore, 7-hydroxycoumarine was differentially expressed only in TME3 and R11, while quercitrin, guanine, N-acetylornithine, uridine, vorinostat, sucrose, and lotaustralin were differentially expressed only in KU50 and R11. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic profiling of three cassava landrace cultivars (TME3, KU50, and R11) was performed after SLCMV infection and the profiles were compared with those of healthy samples. Certain differential compounds (SLCMV-infected vs healthy groups) in different cultivars of cassava may be involved in plant-virus interactions and could underlie the tolerance and susceptible responses in this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somruthai Chaowongdee
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Srihunsa Malichan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Siriwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Adobor S, Banniza S, Vandenberg A, Purves RW. Untargeted profiling of secondary metabolites and phytotoxins associated with stemphylium blight of lentil. PLANTA 2023; 257:73. [PMID: 36864322 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stemphylium botryosum alters lentil secondary metabolism and differentially affects resistant and susceptible genotypes. Untargeted metabolomics identifies metabolites and their potential biosynthetic pathways that play a crucial role in resistance to S. botryosum. The molecular and metabolic processes that mediate resistance to stemphylium blight caused by Stemphylium botryosum Wallr. in lentil are largely unknown. Identifying metabolites and pathways associated with Stemphylium infection may provide valuable insights and novel targets to breed for enhanced resistance. The metabolic changes following infection of four lentil genotypes by S. botryosum were investigated by comprehensive untargeted metabolic profiling employing reversed-phase or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to a Q-Exactive mass spectrometer. At the pre-flowering stage, plants were inoculated with S. botryosum isolate SB19 spore suspension and leaf samples were collected at 24, 96 and 144 h post-inoculation (hpi). Mock-inoculated plants were used as negative controls. After analyte separation, high-resolution mass spectrometry data was acquired in positive and negative ionization modes. Multivariate modeling revealed significant treatment, genotype and hpi effects on metabolic profile changes that reflect lentil response to Stemphylium infection. In addition, univariate analyses highlighted numerous differentially accumulated metabolites. By contrasting the metabolic profiles of SB19-inoculated and mock-inoculated plants and among lentil genotypes, 840 pathogenesis-related metabolites were detected including seven S. botryosum phytotoxins. These metabolites included amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and flavonoids in primary and secondary metabolism. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed 11 significant pathways including flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which were affected upon S. botryosum infection. This research contributes to ongoing efforts toward a comprehensive understanding of the regulation and reprogramming of lentil metabolism under biotic stress, which will provide targets for potential applications in breeding for enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Adobor
- Pulse Crop Breeding and Genetics, Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Sabine Banniza
- Pulse Crop Breeding and Genetics, Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Pulse Crop Breeding and Genetics, Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Randy W Purves
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Goodwin PH, Best MA. Ginsenosides and Biotic Stress Responses of Ginseng. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1091. [PMID: 36903950 PMCID: PMC10005217 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are saponins that possess a sugar moiety attached to a hydrophobic aglycone triterpenoid. They have been widely studied for their various medicinal benefits, such as their neuroprotective and anti-cancer activities, but their role in the biology of ginseng plants has been much less widely documented. In the wild, ginsengs are slow-growing perennials with roots that can survive for approximately 30 years; thus, they need to defend themselves against many potential biotic stresses over many decades. Biotic stresses would be a major natural selection pressure and may at least partially explain why ginseng roots expend considerable resources in order to accumulate relatively large amounts of ginsenosides. Ginsenosides may provide ginseng with antimicrobial activity against pathogens, antifeedant activity against insects and other herbivores, and allelopathic activity against other plants. In addition, the interaction of ginseng with pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms and their elicitors may trigger increases in different root ginsenosides and associated gene expression, although some pathogens may be able to suppress this behavior. While not covered in this review, ginsenosides also have roles in ginseng development and abiotic stress tolerance. This review shows that there is considerable evidence supporting ginsenosides as important elements of ginseng's defense against a variety of biotic stresses.
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Feussner K, Abreu IN, Klein M, Feussner I. Metabolite fingerprinting: A powerful metabolomics approach for marker identification and functional gene annotation. Methods Enzymol 2023; 680:325-350. [PMID: 36710017 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted metabolome approaches aim to detect metabolite markers related to stress, disease, developmental or genetic perturbation. In the later context, it is also a powerful means for functional gene annotation. A prerequisite for non-targeted metabolome analyses are methods for comprehensive metabolite extraction. We present three extraction protocols for a highly efficient extraction of metabolites from plant material with a very broad metabolite coverage. The presented metabolite fingerprinting workflow is based on liquid chromatography high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC-HRAM-MS), which provides suitable separation of the complex sample matrix for the analysis of compounds of different polarity by positive and negative electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry. The resulting data sets are then analyzed with the software suite MarVis and the web-based interface MetaboAnalyst. MarVis offers a straightforward workflow for statistical analysis, data merging as well as visualization of multivariate data, while MetaboAnalyst is used in our hands as complementary software for statistics, correlation networks and figure generation. Finally, MarVis provides access to species-specific metabolite and pathway data bases like KEGG and BioCyc and to custom data bases tailored by the user to connect the identified markers or features with metabolites. In addition, identified marker candidates can be interactively visualized and inspected in metabolic pathway maps by KEGG pathways for a more detailed functional annotation and confirmed by mass spectrometry fragmentation experiments or coelution with authentic standards. Together this workflow is a valuable toolbox to identify novel metabolites, metabolic steps or regulatory principles and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Klein
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany.
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Lenz RR, Louie KB, Søndreli KL, Galanie SS, Chen JG, Muchero W, Bowen BP, Northen TR, LeBoldus JM. Metabolomic Patterns of Septoria Canker Resistant and Susceptible Populus trichocarpa Genotypes 24 Hours Postinoculation. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:2052-2066. [PMID: 33881913 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-21-0053-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphaerulina musiva is an economically and ecologically important fungal pathogen that causes Septoria stem canker and leaf spot disease of Populus species. To bridge the gap between genetic markers and structural barriers previously found to be linked to Septoria canker disease resistance in poplar, we used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify metabolites involved with signaling and cell wall remodeling. Fluctuations in signaling molecules, organic acids, amino acids, sterols, phenolics, and saccharides in resistant and susceptible P. trichocarpa inoculated with S. musiva were observed. The patterns of 222 metabolites in the resistant host implicate systemic acquired resistance (SAR), cell wall apposition, and lignin deposition as modes of resistance to this hemibiotrophic pathogen. This pattern is consistent with the expected response to the biotrophic phase of S. musiva colonization during the first 24 h postinoculation. The fungal pathogen metabolized key regulatory signals of SAR, other phenolics, and precursors of lignin biosynthesis that were depleted in the susceptible host. This is the first study to characterize metabolites associated with the response to initial colonization by S. musiva between resistant and susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Lenz
- Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Katherine B Louie
- Metabolomics Technology, DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kelsey L Søndreli
- Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | | | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
| | - Benjamin P Bowen
- Metabolomics Technology, DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Trent R Northen
- Metabolomics Technology, DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jared M LeBoldus
- Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Forest Resources, Engineering, and Management Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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Metabolomics analysis of grains of wheat infected and noninfected with Tilletia controversa Kühn. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18876. [PMID: 34556726 PMCID: PMC8460654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dwarf bunt caused by the pathogen Tilletia controversa Kühn is one of the most serious quarantine diseases of winter wheat. Metabolomics studies provide detailed information about the biochemical changes at the cell and tissue levels of plants. In the present study, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics approach was used to investigate the changes in the grain metabolomics of infected and noninfected with T. controversa samples. PCA suggested that T. controversa-infected and noninfected samples were separated during the interaction. LC/MS analysis showed that 62 different metabolites were recorded in the grains, among which a total of 34 metabolites were upregulated and 28 metabolites were downregulated. Prostaglandins (PGs) and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (9-HODEs) are fungal toxin-related substances, and their expression significantly increased in T. controversa-infected grains. Additionally, the concentrations of cucurbic acid and octadecatrienoic acid changed significantly after pathogen infection, which play a large role in plant defense. The eight different metabolic pathways activated during T. controversa and wheat plant interactions included phenylalanine metabolism, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. In conclusion, we found differences in the metabolic profiles of wheat grains after T. controversa infection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the metabolites in wheat grains after T. controversa infection.
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Zeiss DR, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Altered metabolomic states elicited by Flg22 and FlgII-28 in Solanum lycopersicum: intracellular perturbations and metabolite defenses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:429. [PMID: 34548030 PMCID: PMC8456652 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance of potential pathogens is a key feature of plant innate immunity. For non-self-recognition plants rely on the perception of pathogen-derived molecules. Early post-perception events activate signaling cascades, leading to the synthesis of defense-related proteins and specialized metabolites, thereby providing a broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage. This study was concerned with tracking changes in the tomato plant metabolome following perception of the flagellum-derived elicitors (Flg22 and FlgII-28). RESULTS Following an untargeted metabolomics workflow, the metabolic profiles of a Solanum lycopersicum cultivar were monitored over a time range of 16-32 h post-treatment. Liquid chromatography was used to resolve the complex mixture of metabolites and mass spectrometry for the detection of differences associated with the elicitor treatments. Stringent data processing and multivariate statistical tools were applied to the complex dataset to extract relevant metabolite features associated with the elicitor treatments. Following perception of Flg22 and FlgII-28, both elicitors triggered an oxidative burst, albeit with different kinetic responses. Signatory biomarkers were annotated from diverse metabolite classes which included amino acid derivatives, lipid species, steroidal glycoalkaloids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives, as well as flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS An untargeted metabolomics approach adequately captured the subtle and nuanced perturbations associated with elicitor-linked plant defense responses. The shared and unique features characterizing the metabolite profiles suggest a divergence of signal transduction events following perception of Flg22 vs. FlgII-28, leading to a differential reorganization of downstream metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Zeiss
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul A Steenkamp
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Silva E, Belinato JR, Porto C, Nunes E, Guimarães F, Meyer MC, Pilau EJ. Soybean Metabolomics Based in Mass Spectrometry: Decoding the Plant's Signaling and Defense Responses under Biotic Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7257-7267. [PMID: 34180225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an omics technology that is extremely valuable to analyze all small-molecule metabolites in organisms. Recent advances in analytical instrumentation, such as mass spectrometry combined with data processing tools, chemometrics, and spectral data libraries, allow plant metabolomics studies to play a fundamental role in the agriculture field and food security. Few studies are found in the literature using the metabolomics approach in soybean plants on biotic stress. In this review, we provide a new perspective highlighting the potential of metabolomics-based mass spectrometry for soybean in response to biotic stress. Furthermore, we highlight the response and adaptation mechanisms of soybean on biotic stress about primary and secondary metabolism. Consequently, we provide subsidies for further studies of the resistance and improvement of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Silva
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenida, Maringá, Paraná 87020-080, Brazil
| | - Joao Raul Belinato
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas and National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carla Porto
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenida, Maringá, Paraná 87020-080, Brazil
- MsBioscience, 298 Quintino Bocaiúva Street, Maringá, Paraná 87020-160, Brazil
| | - Estela Nunes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Swine & Poultry, BR-153 km 110 Road, Concórdia, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Francismar Guimarães
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Road, Londrina, Paraná 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Conrado Meyer
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Soybean, Carlos João Strass Road, Londrina, Paraná 86001-970, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenida, Maringá, Paraná 87020-080, Brazil
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Liu R, Bao ZX, Zhao PJ, Li GH. Advances in the Study of Metabolomics and Metabolites in Some Species Interactions. Molecules 2021; 26:3311. [PMID: 34072976 PMCID: PMC8197931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the natural environment, interactions between species are a common natural phenomena. The mechanisms of interaction between different species are mainly studied using genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic techniques. Metabolomics is a crucial part of system biology and is based on precision instrument analysis. In the last decade, the emerging field of metabolomics has received extensive attention. Metabolomics not only provides a qualitative and quantitative method for studying the mechanisms of interactions between different species, but also helps clarify the mechanisms of defense between the host and pathogen, and to explore new metabolites with various biological activities. This review focuses on the methods and progress of interspecies metabolomics. Additionally, the prospects and challenges of interspecies metabolomics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guo-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.L.); (Z.-X.B.); (P.-J.Z.)
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13
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Wu Z, Wang G, Zhang B, Dai T, Gu A, Li X, Cheng X, Liu P, Hao J, Liu X. Metabolic Mechanism of Plant Defense against Rice Blast Induced by Probenazole. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040246. [PMID: 33923492 PMCID: PMC8073365 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The probenazole fungicide is used for controlling rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea) primarily by inducing disease resistance of the plant. To investigate the mechanism of induced plant defense, rice seedlings were treated with probenazole at 15 days post emergence, and non-treated plants were used for the control. The plants were infected with M. grisea 5 days after chemical treatment and incubated in a greenhouse. After 7 days, rice seedlings were sampled. The metabolome of rice seedlings was chemically extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrum (GC-MS). The GC-MS data were processed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and metabolic pathway elucidation. Results showed that probenazole application significantly affected the metabolic profile of rice seedlings, and the effect was proportionally leveraged with the increase of probenazole concentration. Probenazole resulted in a change of 54 metabolites. Salicylic acid, γ-aminobutyrate, shikimate and several other primary metabolites related to plant resistance were significantly up-regulated and some metabolites such as phenylalanine, valine and proline were down-regulated in probenazole-treated seedlings. These results revealed a metabolic pathway of rice seedlings induced by probenazole treatment regarding the resistance to M. grisea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Guozhen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Borui Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Tan Dai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Anyu Gu
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (A.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (A.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingkai Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA;
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.W.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (T.D.); (X.C.); (X.L.)
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Duan G, Li C, Liu Y, Ma X, Luo Q, Yang J. Magnaporthe oryzae systemic defense trigger 1 (MoSDT1)-mediated metabolites regulate defense response in Rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:40. [PMID: 33430779 PMCID: PMC7802159 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some of the pathogenic effector proteins play an active role in stimulating the plant defense system to strengthen plant resistance. RESULTS In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was implemented to identify altered metabolites in transgenic rice containing over-expressed M. oryzae Systemic Defense Trigger 1 (MoSDT1) that was infected at three-time points. The characterized dominating metabolites were organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, lipids, and lipid-like molecules. Among the identified metabolites, shikimate, galactinol, trehalose, D-mannose, linolenic acid, dopamine, tyramine, and L-glutamine are precursors for the synthesis of many secondary defense metabolites Carbohydrate, as well as amino acid metabolic, pathways were revealed to be involved in plant defense responses and resistance strengthening. CONCLUSION The increasing salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content enhanced interactions between JA synthesis/signaling gene, SA synthesis/receptor gene, raffinose/fructose/sucrose synthase gene, and cell wall-related genes all contribute to defense response in rice. The symptoms of rice after M. oryzae infection were significantly alleviated when treated with six identified metabolites, i.e., galactol, tyramine, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, α-terpinene, and dopamine for 72 h exogenously. Therefore, these metabolites could be utilized as an optimal metabolic marker for M. oryzae defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Chunqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201 China
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Hooshmand K, Kudjordjie EN, Nicolaisen M, Fiehn O, Fomsgaard IS. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Concurrent Action of Several Chemical Mechanisms in Arabidopsis-Fusarium oxysporum Compatible and Incompatible Interactions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15335-15344. [PMID: 33305951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a destructive root-infecting plant pathogen that causes significant yield losses in many economically important crop species. Hence, a deeper understanding of pathogen infection strategies is needed. With liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry platforms, we analyzed the metabolic changes in a time-course experiment with Arabidopsis accessions either resistant (Col-0) or susceptible (Ler-0) to isolates of Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis matthioli infection. We showed a concurrent effect of Fusarium-derived polyols and the mycotoxin beauvericin in the suppression of the immune response of susceptible hosts. A significant increase in oxidized glutathione in the resistant host was probably associated with effective reactive oxygen species-mediated resistance responses. Through a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics, we demonstrated the concurrent action of several Arabidopsis defense systems as well as the concurrent action of several virulence systems in the fungal attack of susceptible Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Hooshmand
- Department of Agroecology, Research Center Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Research Center Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Research Center Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, 95616 Davis, California, United States
| | - Inge S Fomsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Research Center Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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Desmedt W, Mangelinckx S, Kyndt T, Vanholme B. A Phytochemical Perspective on Plant Defense Against Nematodes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:602079. [PMID: 33281858 PMCID: PMC7691236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.602079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Given the large yield losses attributed to plant-parasitic nematodes and the limited availability of sustainable control strategies, new plant-parasitic nematode control strategies are urgently needed. To defend themselves against nematode attack, plants possess sophisticated multi-layered immune systems. One element of plant immunity against nematodes is the production of small molecules with anti-nematode activity, either constitutively or after nematode infection. This review provides an overview of such metabolites that have been identified to date and groups them by chemical class (e.g., terpenoids, flavonoids, glucosinolates, etc.). Furthermore, this review discusses strategies that have been used to identify such metabolites and highlights the ways in which studying anti-nematode metabolites might be of use to agriculture and crop protection. Particular attention is given to emerging, high-throughput approaches for the identification of anti-nematode metabolites, in particular the use of untargeted metabolomics techniques based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defense, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- Research Group Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry (SynBioC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defense, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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Ramabulana AT, Steenkamp PA, Madala NE, Dubery IA. Profiling of Altered Metabolomic States in Bidens pilosa Leaves in Response to Treatment by Methyl Jasmonate and Methyl Salicylate. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101275. [PMID: 32992670 PMCID: PMC7601133 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) is an edible medicinal plant with many bioactivities reported to have a health-beneficial role in controling various diseases. Though B. pilosa contain a diverse array of natural products, these are produced in relatively low concentrations. A possible way to enhance secondary metabolite production can be through the use of elicitors. Here, the effects of exogenous treatments with two signal molecules—methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA)—on the metabolomic profiles of B. pilosa leaves were investigated. Plants were treated with 0.5 mM of MeJA or MeSA and harvested at 12 h and 24 h. Metabolites were extracted with methanol and separated on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system hyphenated to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection. Data was subjected to multivariate statistical analysis and modeling for annotation of metabolites. Hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives, such as caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs), tartaric acid esters (chicoric acid and caftaric acid), chalcones, and flavonoids were identified as differentially regulated. The altered metabolomes in response to MeSA and MeJA overlapped to a certain extent, suggestive of a cross-talk between signaling and metabolic pathway activation. Moreover, the perturbation of isomeric molecules, especially the cis geometrical isomers of HCA derivatives by both treatments, further point to the biological significance of these molecules during physiological responses to stress. The results highlight the possibility of using phytohormones to enhance the accumulation of bioactive secondary metabolites in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anza-Tshilidzi Ramabulana
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (A.-T.R.); (P.A.S.); (N.E.M.)
| | - Paul A. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (A.-T.R.); (P.A.S.); (N.E.M.)
| | - Ntakadzeni E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (A.-T.R.); (P.A.S.); (N.E.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; (A.-T.R.); (P.A.S.); (N.E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-5592401
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Wang Z, Dai T, Peng Q, Gao X, Zhong S, Gao H, Liu P, Liu X. Bioactivity of the Novel Fungicide SYP-14288 Against Plant Pathogens and the Study of its Mode of Action Based on Untargeted Metabolomics. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2086-2094. [PMID: 32544002 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-20-0142-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease is a major threat to crop production, and fungicide application is one of the most effective methods to control plant disease. With emerging issues related to toxic residues and pathogen resistance, new fungicides with novel modes of action are urgently needed. SYP-14288 is a novel fungicide that could efficiently promote respiration and inhibit ATP biosynthesis in target organisms, but its bioactivity against various plant pathogens and exact mode of action are still unknown. In this study, we found that SYP-14288 is highly effective against 31 important plant pathogens belonging to a range of taxonomic groups. In addition, SYP-14288 has demonstrated excellent activity against all life stages of the important fungal plant pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and is especially effective during the pathogen's high energy consumption stages. SYP-14288 showed good preventative control efficacy against pepper blight and rice blast in the greenhouse and field, respectively. In an untargeted metabolomics assay designed to determine the exact mode of action of SYP-14288, significant changes occurred in 25 metabolites, with the accumulation of seven fatty acid metabolites and a decrease in 18 starch and sugar metabolites (e.g., from the tricarboxylic acid cycle). This suggests that SYP-14288 is an uncoupling agent similar to 2,4-dinitrophenol, which can allow for accumulation of various fatty acids after destroying oxidative phosphorylation coupling, thereby inhibiting the growth of the phytopathogen. These results indicate that the novel uncoupler SYP-14288 is a promising agrochemical in plant disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Wang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tan Dai
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin Peng
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huige Gao
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xili Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712110, China
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Kumar A, Kumar R, Sengupta D, Das SN, Pandey MK, Bohra A, Sharma NK, Sinha P, Sk H, Ghazi IA, Laha GS, Sundaram RM. Deployment of Genetic and Genomic Tools Toward Gaining a Better Understanding of Rice- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Interactions for Development of Durable Bacterial Blight Resistant Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1152. [PMID: 32849710 PMCID: PMC7417518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the most important food crop worldwide and sustainable rice production is important for ensuring global food security. Biotic stresses limit rice production significantly and among them, bacterial blight (BB) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is very important. BB reduces rice yields severely in the highly productive irrigated and rainfed lowland ecosystems and in recent years; the disease is spreading fast to other rice growing ecosystems as well. Being a vascular pathogen, Xoo interferes with a range of physiological and biochemical exchange processes in rice. The response of rice to Xoo involves specific interactions between resistance (R) genes of rice and avirulence (Avr) genes of Xoo, covering most of the resistance genes except the recessive ones. The genetic basis of resistance to BB in rice has been studied intensively, and at least 44 genes conferring resistance to BB have been identified, and many resistant rice cultivars and hybrids have been developed and released worldwide. However, the existence and emergence of new virulent isolates of Xoo in the realm of a rapidly changing climate necessitates identification of novel broad-spectrum resistance genes and intensification of gene-deployment strategies. This review discusses about the origin and occurrence of BB in rice, interactions between Xoo and rice, the important roles of resistance genes in plant's defense response, the contribution of rice resistance genes toward development of disease resistance varieties, identification and characterization of novel, and broad-spectrum BB resistance genes from wild species of Oryza and also presents a perspective on potential strategies to achieve the goal of sustainable disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
- *Correspondence: Raman Meenakshi Sundaram, ; Anirudh Kumar,
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Debashree Sengupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad, India
| | - Subha Narayan Das
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- ICAR-Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, India
| | - Naveen K. Sharma
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak, India
| | - Pragya Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Hajira Sk
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Ghazi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH), Hyderabad, India
| | - Gouri Sankar Laha
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
| | - Raman Meenakshi Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Raman Meenakshi Sundaram, ; Anirudh Kumar,
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Mahatma MK, Thawait LK, Jadon KS, Rathod KJ, Sodha KH, Bishi SK, Thirumalaisamy PP, Golakiya BA. Distinguish metabolic profiles and defense enzymes in Alternaria leaf blight resistant and susceptible genotypes of groundnut. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1395-1405. [PMID: 31736543 PMCID: PMC6825051 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria leaf blight is major fungal disease of summer groundnut, causes significant loss of haulm and pod yield. Aims of this study were to understand the role of metabolites and phenylpropanoid related enzymes in Alternaria leaf blight resistance and to find out metabolic marker for disease resistance. Alternaria leaf blight resistant (GPBD4 and CS186) and susceptible genotypes (GG2 and TPG41) of groundnut were grown in pots during rabi-summer 2015. Groundnut plants were infected with Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler at 40 days after sowing. 5 days after infection, upper second leaves were collected from both control and infected plants for analysis. A total of 67 metabolites comprising sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, sterols and phenolic were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (non-targeted metabolomics). Constitutive levels of alpha-d-galactoside, d-mannitol, d-erythropentitol, glycine, and hexadecanoic acid were observed higher in resistant genotypes compared to susceptible genotypes. Moreover, arabinofuranose, cinnamic acid, 2-butendioic acid, and linoleic acid were observed only in resistant genotypes at both control and infected stage. In susceptible genotypes myo-inositol, glucose and fructose content was increased after infection with pathogen while decreased in resistant genotypes. Resistant genotypes had higher constitutive level of cinnamic and salicylic acid compared to susceptible genotypes. Non-infected leaves of resistant genotypes also had higher activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase activities. Our results suggest that metabolites specifically present in resistant genotypes impart defense mechanism against Alternaria pathogen and can be used as bio-marker for screening of germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Mahatma
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box No. 5, Junagadh, 362 001 India
| | - L. K. Thawait
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box No. 5, Junagadh, 362 001 India
| | - K. S. Jadon
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box No. 5, Junagadh, 362 001 India
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - K. J. Rathod
- Food Testing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001 India
| | - K. H. Sodha
- Food Testing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001 India
| | - S. K. Bishi
- ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Post Box No. 5, Junagadh, 362 001 India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | | | - B. A. Golakiya
- Food Testing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362 001 India
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21
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Wagner G, Laperche A, Lariagon C, Marnet N, Renault D, Guitton Y, Bouchereau A, Delourme R, Manzanares-Dauleux MJ, Gravot A. Resolution of quantitative resistance to clubroot into QTL-specific metabolic modules. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5375-5390. [PMID: 31145785 PMCID: PMC6793449 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease resistance is often under quantitative genetic control. Thus, in a given interaction, plant cellular responses to infection are influenced by resistance or susceptibility alleles at different loci. In this study, a genetic linkage analysis was used to address the complexity of the metabolic responses of Brassica napus roots to infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Metabolome profiling and pathogen quantification in a segregating progeny allowed a comparative mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in resistance and in metabolic adjustments. Distinct metabolic modules were associated with each resistance QTL, suggesting the involvement of different underlying cellular mechanisms. This approach highlighted the possible role of gluconasturtiin and two unknown metabolites in the resistance conferred by two QTLs on chromosomes C03 and C09, respectively. Only two susceptibility biomarkers (glycine and glutathione) were simultaneously linked to the three main resistance QTLs, suggesting the central role of these compounds in the interaction. By contrast, several genotype-specific metabolic responses to infection were genetically unconnected to resistance or susceptibility. Likewise, variations of root sugar profiles, which might have influenced pathogen nutrition, were not found to be related to resistance QTLs. This work illustrates how genetic metabolomics can help to understand plant stress responses and their possible links with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Wagner
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université de Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | - Anne Laperche
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université de Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Nathalie Marnet
- Plateau de Profilage Métabolique et Métabolomique (P2M2), Centre de Recherche Angers Nantes BIA, INRA, Le Rheu, France
| | - David Renault
- UMR EcoBio, Université de Rennes, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Guitton
- LUNAM Université, Oniris, Laboratoire d’Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université de Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | - Régine Delourme
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université de Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Antoine Gravot
- IGEPP, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université de Rennes, Le Rheu, France
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22
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Dai T, Chang X, Hu Z, Liang L, Sun M, Liu P, Liu X. Untargeted Metabolomics Based on GC-MS and Chemometrics: A New Tool for the Early Diagnosis of Strawberry Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:2541-2547. [PMID: 31432772 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0219-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the spread of anthracnose in strawberry plants and characterize the metabolic changes occurring during plant-pathogen interactions, we developed a method for the early diagnosis of disease based on an analysis of the metabolome by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. An examination of the metabolic profile revealed 189 and 202 total ion chromatogram peaks for the control and inoculated plants, respectively. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was conducted for the reliable and accurate discrimination between healthy and diseased strawberry plants, even in the absence of disease symptoms (e.g., early stages of infection). ANOVA (analysis of variance) and orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS) identified 20 metabolites as tentative biomarkers of Colletotrichum theobromicola infection (e.g., citric acid, d-xylose, erythrose, galactose, gallic acid, malic acid, methyl α-galactopyranoside, phosphate, and shikimic acid). At least some of these potential biomarkers may be applicable for the early diagnosis of anthracnose in strawberry plants. Moreover, these metabolites may be useful for characterizing pathogen infections and plant defense responses. This study confirms the utility of metabolomics research for developing diagnostic tools and clarifying the mechanism underlying plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, the data presented herein may be relevant for developing new methods for preventing anthracnose in strawberry seedlings cultivated under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xunian Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingyou Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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23
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Chen F, Ma R, Chen XL. Advances of Metabolomics in Fungal Pathogen-Plant Interactions. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9080169. [PMID: 31443304 PMCID: PMC6724083 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9080169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant disease caused by fungus is one of the major threats to global food security, and understanding fungus-plant interactions is important for plant disease control. Research devoted to revealing the mechanisms of fungal pathogen-plant interactions has been conducted using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Metabolomics research based on mass spectrometric techniques is an important part of systems biology. In the past decade, the emerging field of metabolomics in plant pathogenic fungi has received wide attention. It not only provides a qualitative and quantitative approach for determining the pathogenesis of pathogenic fungi but also helps to elucidate the defense mechanisms of their host plants. This review focuses on the methods and progress of metabolomics research in fungal pathogen-plant interactions. In addition, the prospects and challenges of metabolomics research in plant pathogenic fungi and their hosts are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ruijing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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24
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Hu Z, Chang X, Dai T, Li L, Liu P, Wang G, Liu P, Huang Z, Liu X. Metabolic Profiling to Identify the Latent Infection of Strawberry by Botrytis cinerea. Evol Bioinform Online 2019; 15:1176934319838518. [PMID: 31024215 PMCID: PMC6472161 DOI: 10.1177/1176934319838518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In plant-pathogen interaction systems, plant metabolism is usually agitated in
the early stages of infection and much before visible symptoms appear. To
identify the latent infection of strawberry by Botrytis cinerea
by metabolome profiling, a metabolomics method based on gas chromatography and
mass spectrometry was applied to identify the affected metabolites and
discriminate diseased plants from healthy ones. An orthogonal partial least
squares (OPLS) score plot showed that the metabolic profiling well separated
B. cinerea-infected strawberry plants at 2, 5, and 7 days
after infection from non-infected healthy plants. Combined analysis of variance
(ANOVA) and OPLS analysis revealed candidate biomarkers of plant resistance and
of infection and expansion of the pathogen in the plants. Among them,
hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, sucrose, β-lyxopyranose, melibiose, and
1,1,4a-Trimethyl-5,6-dimethylenedecahydronaphthalene were closely related to the
early stage of disease development when symptoms were not visible. A
discrimination method that could distinguish Botrytis gray mold
diseased strawberry plants from healthy ones was established based on the
partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model with a correct
recognition accuracy of 100%. This research offers a good application of
metabolome profiling for early diagnosis of plant disease and interaction
mechanism exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunian Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Panqing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqiao Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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25
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Kanwar P, Jha G. Alterations in plant sugar metabolism: signatory of pathogen attack. PLANTA 2019; 249:305-318. [PMID: 30267150 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current understanding, future challenges and ongoing quest on sugar metabolic alterations that influence the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. Intricate cellular and molecular events occur during plant-pathogen interactions. They cause major metabolic perturbations in the host and alterations in sugar metabolism play a pivotal role in governing the outcome of various kinds of plant-pathogen interactions. Sugar metabolizing enzymes and transporters of both host and pathogen origin get differentially regulated during the interactions. Both plant and pathogen compete for utilizing the host sugar metabolic machinery and in turn promote resistant or susceptible responses. However, the kind of sugar metabolism alteration that is beneficial for the host or pathogen is yet to be properly understood. Recently developed tools and methodologies are facilitating research to understand the intricate dynamics of sugar metabolism during the interactions. The present review elaborates current understanding, future challenges and ongoing quest on sugar metabolism, mobilization and regulation during various plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kanwar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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26
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Mayo-Prieto S, Marra R, Vinale F, Rodríguez-González Á, Woo SL, Lorito M, Gutiérrez S, Casquero PA. Effect of Trichoderma velutinum and Rhizoctonia solani on the Metabolome of Bean Plants ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E549. [PMID: 30696057 PMCID: PMC6387467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important food legume crops worldwide that is affected by phytopathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani. Biological control represents an effective alternative method for the use of conventional synthetic chemical pesticides for crop protection. Trichoderma spp. have been successfully used in agriculture both to control fungal diseases and to promote plant growth. The response of the plant to the invasion of fungi activates defensive resistance responses by inducing the expression of genes and producing secondary metabolites. The purpose of this work was to analyze the changes in the bean metabolome that occur during its interaction with pathogenic (R. solani) and antagonistic (T. velutinum) fungi. In this work, 216 compounds were characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis but only 36 were noted as significantly different in the interaction in comparison to control plants and they were tentatively characterized. These compounds were classified as: two amino acids, three peptides, one carbohydrate, one glycoside, one fatty acid, two lipids, 17 flavonoids, four phenols and four terpenes. This work is the first attempt to determine how the presence of T. velutinum and/or R. solani affect the defense response of bean plants using untargeted metabolomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mayo-Prieto
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Roberta Marra
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez-González
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Sheridan Lewis Woo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Santiago Gutiérrez
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Área de Microbiología, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria y Forestal, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada, Avenida Astorga s/n, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain.
| | - Pedro A Casquero
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain.
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27
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Robison FM, Turner MF, Jahn CE, Schwartz HF, Prenni JE, Brick MA, Heuberger AL. Common bean varieties demonstrate differential physiological and metabolic responses to the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2141-2154. [PMID: 29476531 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant physiology and metabolism are important components of a plant response to microbial pathogens. Physiological resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has been established, but the mechanisms of resistance are largely unknown. Here, the physiological and metabolic responses of bean varieties that differ in physiological resistance to S. sclerotiorum are investigated. Upon infection, the resistant bean variety A195 had a unique physiological response that included reduced photosynthesis and maintaining a higher leaf surface pH during infection. Leaf metabolomics was performed on healthy tissue adjacent to the necrotic lesion at 16, 24, and 48 hr post inoculation, and 144 metabolites were detected that varied between A195 and Sacramento following infection. The metabolites that varied in leaves included amines/amino acids, organic acids, phytoalexins, and ureides. The metabolic pathways associated with resistance included amine metabolism, uriede-based nitrogen remobilization, antioxidant production, and bean-specific phytoalexin production. A second experiment was conducted in stems of 13 bean genotypes with varying resistance. Stem resistance was associated with phytoalexin production, but unlike leaf metabolism, lipid changes were associated with susceptibility. Taken together, the data supports a multifaceted, physiometabolic response of common bean to S. sclerotiorum that mediates resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Robison
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Marie F Turner
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Courtney E Jahn
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Howard F Schwartz
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Mark A Brick
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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28
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Klupczynska A, Pawlak M, Kokot ZJ, Matysiak J. Application of Metabolomic Tools for Studying Low Molecular-Weight Fraction of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10080306. [PMID: 30042318 PMCID: PMC6116190 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Both venoms and poisonous secretions are complex mixtures that assist in defense, predation, communication, and competition in the animal world. They consist of variable bioactive molecules, such as proteins, peptides, salts and also metabolites. Metabolomics opens up new perspectives for the study of venoms and poisons as it gives an opportunity to investigate their previously unexplored low molecular-weight components. The aim of this article is to summarize the available literature where metabolomic technologies were used for examining the composition of animal venoms and poisons. The paper discusses only the low molecular-weight components of venoms and poisons collected from snakes, spiders, scorpions, toads, frogs, and ants. An overview is given of the analytical strategies used in the analysis of the metabolic content of the samples. We paid special attention to the classes of compounds identified in various venoms and poisons and potential applications of the small molecules (especially bufadienolides) discovered. The issues that should be more effectively addressed in the studies of animal venoms and poisons include challenges related to sample collection and preparation, species-related chemical diversity of compounds building the metabolome and a need of an online database that would enhance identification of small molecule components of these secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Klupczynska
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Pawlak
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Zenon J Kokot
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jan Matysiak
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
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29
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Bettenhausen HM, Barr L, Broeckling CD, Chaparro JM, Holbrook C, Sedin D, Heuberger AL. Influence of malt source on beer chemistry, flavor, and flavor stability. Food Res Int 2018; 113:487-504. [PMID: 30195545 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Beverage quality in the brewing industry is heavily influenced by ingredient properties. The contribution of raw ingredients such as yeast and hops to beer flavor is well understood. However, the influence of barley genotype and/or environment on flavor (the malt 'source') is largely unexplored. Here, a study was performed to determine (i) if there are metabolite differences among six commercial malt sources, (ii) if differences in malt chemistry are reflected in the chemistry of the beer, and (iii) if the differences in the beer chemistry impact sensory attributes of beer, through flavor and flavor stability. Six distinct sources of malts (six varieties from three maltsters) were brewed into six beers using a recipe designed to evaluate differences in flavor. Metabolomics and ionomics was used to characterize chemical variation among the six malts and beers using UHPLC- and HILIC-MS (non-volatile metabolites), HS-SPME/GC-MS (beer volatiles), and ICP-MS (malt metals). These analyses detected a total of 5042 compounds in malt, of which 217 were annotated and included amines, amino acids, fatty acids/lipids/fatty acyls, saccharides/glucosides/sugar acids/sugar alcohols, carboxylic acid derivatives, organic acids, phenolics/benzenoids, purines, pyrimidines/pyridines, terpenes, and organosulfurs. A total of 4568 compounds were detected in beer, of which 246 were annotated and included esters, aldehydes, and alcohols. Statistical analysis revealed chemical variation among the six malts (50/217 malt metabolites varied) and beers (150/246). The six beers were evaluated for flavor using a modified descriptive analysis for 45 sensory traits at 0, 4, and 8 weeks of storage at 4 °C. Principal component analysis of the sensory data revealed flavor differences among the six beers at 8 weeks, and the malt-type Full Pint was described as fruity and Meredith as corn chip. The metabolite and sensory data were integrated and revealed associations between flavor profiles in beer and the annotated malt and beer. The fruity or corn chip flavor profiles in beer were associated beer purines/pyrimidines, volatile ketones, amines, and phenolics, and malt lipids, saccharides, phenols, amines, and alkaloids. Taken together, these data support a role of malt source in beer flavor and flavor stability. As a raw ingredient, malting barley genotypes can be evaluated for a contribution to flavor, and this may be a future target for plant breeding, agronomy, and malting efforts to selectively improve flavor, flavor stability, and quality in beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmonie M Bettenhausen
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lindsay Barr
- New Belgium Brewing Company, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Corey D Broeckling
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Chaparro
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Dana Sedin
- New Belgium Brewing Company, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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30
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Lavergne FD, Broeckling CD, Cockrell DM, Haley SD, Peairs FB, Jahn CE, Heuberger AL. GC-MS Metabolomics to Evaluate the Composition of Plant Cuticular Waxes for Four Triticum aestivum Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E249. [PMID: 29360745 PMCID: PMC5855543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop, and biotic and abiotic stresses significantly impact grain yield. Wheat leaf and stem surface waxes are associated with traits of biological importance, including stress resistance. Past studies have characterized the composition of wheat cuticular waxes, however protocols can be relatively low-throughput and narrow in the range of metabolites detected. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics methods were utilized to provide a comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of cuticular waxes in wheat leaves and stems. Further, waxes from four wheat cultivars were assayed to evaluate the potential for GC-MS metabolomics to describe wax composition attributed to differences in wheat genotype. A total of 263 putative compounds were detected and included 58 wax compounds that can be classified (e.g., alkanes and fatty acids). Many of the detected wax metabolites have known associations to important biological functions. Principal component analysis and ANOVA were used to evaluate metabolite distribution, which was attributed to both tissue type (leaf, stem) and cultivar differences. Leaves contained more primary alcohols than stems such as 6-methylheptacosan-1-ol and octacosan-1-ol. The metabolite data were validated using scanning electron microscopy of epicuticular wax crystals which detected wax tubules and platelets. Conan was the only cultivar to display alcohol-associated platelet-shaped crystals on its abaxial leaf surface. Taken together, application of GC-MS metabolomics enabled the characterization of cuticular wax content in wheat tissues and provided relative quantitative comparisons among sample types, thus contributing to the understanding of wax composition associated with important phenotypic traits in a major crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent D Lavergne
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Corey D Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Darren M Cockrell
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Scott D Haley
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Frank B Peairs
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Courtney E Jahn
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Adam L Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Viruses transmitted by whiteflies are predominantly classified as having either persistent circulative or semipersistent transmission, and the majority of studies have addressed transmission of viruses in the genera Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) and Crinivirus (family Closteroviridae), respectively. Early studies on vector transmission primarily addressed individual aspects of transmission; however, with the breadth of new technology now available, an increasingly greater number of studies involve coordinated research that is beginning to assemble a more complete picture of how whiteflies and viruses have coevolved to facilitate transmission. In particular the integration of gene expression and metabolomic studies into broader research topics is providing knowledge of changes within the whitefly vector in response to the presence of viruses that would have been impossible to identify previously. Examples include comparative studies on the response of Bemisia tabaci to begomovirus and crinivirus infection of common host plants, evolution of whitefly endosymbiont relationships, and opportunities to evaluate responses to specific transmission-related events. Integration of metabolomics, as well as the application of electrical penetration graphing, can lead to an ability to monitor the changes that occur in vector insects associated with specific aspects of virus transmission. Through gaining more complete knowledge of the mechanisms behind whitefly transmission of viruses new control strategies will undoubtedly emerge for control of whiteflies and the viruses they transmit.
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Peyraud R, Dubiella U, Barbacci A, Genin S, Raffaele S, Roby D. Advances on plant-pathogen interactions from molecular toward systems biology perspectives. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:720-737. [PMID: 27870294 PMCID: PMC5516170 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the past 2 decades, progress in molecular analyses of the plant immune system has revealed key elements of a complex response network. Current paradigms depict the interaction of pathogen-secreted molecules with host target molecules leading to the activation of multiple plant response pathways. Further research will be required to fully understand how these responses are integrated in space and time, and exploit this knowledge in agriculture. In this review, we highlight systems biology as a promising approach to reveal properties of molecular plant-pathogen interactions and predict the outcome of such interactions. We first illustrate a few key concepts in plant immunity with a network and systems biology perspective. Next, we present some basic principles of systems biology and show how they allow integrating multiomics data and predict cell phenotypes. We identify challenges for systems biology of plant-pathogen interactions, including the reconstruction of multiscale mechanistic models and the connection of host and pathogen models. Finally, we outline studies on resistance durability through the robustness of immune system networks, the identification of trade-offs between immunity and growth and in silico plant-pathogen co-evolution as exciting perspectives in the field. We conclude that the development of sophisticated models of plant diseases incorporating plant, pathogen and climate properties represent a major challenge for agriculture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Peyraud
- LIPMUniversité de ToulouseINRACNRSCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | | | | | - Stéphane Genin
- LIPMUniversité de ToulouseINRACNRSCastanet‐TolosanFrance
| | | | - Dominique Roby
- LIPMUniversité de ToulouseINRACNRSCastanet‐TolosanFrance
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Riet KB, Ndlovu N, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Simultaneous analysis of defense-related phytohormones in Arabidopsis thaliana responding to fungal infection. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2016; 4:apps1600013. [PMID: 27610272 PMCID: PMC5001854 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Simultaneous analysis of defense-related phytohormones can provide insights into underlying biochemical interactions. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) techniques hyphenated to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) are powerful analytical platforms, suitable for quantitative profiling of multiple classes of metabolites. METHODS An efficient and simplified extraction method was designed followed by reverse-phase UHPLC for separation of seven phytohormones: salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, absiscic acid, indole acetic acid, and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. A triple quadrupole multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method was developed for MS quantification. The methods were applied to analyze phytohormones in Arabidopsis leaf tissue responding to biotic stresses. RESULTS Under the optimized conditions, the phytohormones were separated within 15 min, with good linearities and high sensitivity. Repeatable results were obtained, with the limits of detection and quantification around 0.01 ng/μL (∼9 ng/g tissue). The method was validated and applied to monitor, quantify, and compare the temporal changes of the phytohormones under biotic stress. DISCUSSION Quantitative changes indicate increased production of defense phytohormones from the various classes. The analytical method was useful and suitable to distinguish distinctive variations in the phytohormonal profiles and balance in A. thaliana leaves resulting from pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlego B. Riet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Nombuso Ndlovu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- Author for correspondence:
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Kumar M, Kuzhiumparambil U, Pernice M, Jiang Z, Ralph PJ. Metabolomics: an emerging frontier of systems biology in marine macrophytes. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sanchez-Lucas R, Mehta A, Valledor L, Cabello-Hurtado F, Romero-Rodrıguez MC, Simova-Stoilova L, Demir S, Rodriguez-de-Francisco LE, Maldonado-Alconada AM, Jorrin-Prieto AL, Jorrín-Novo JV. A year (2014-2015) of plants in Proteomics journal. Progress in wet and dry methodologies, moving from protein catalogs, and the view of classic plant biochemists. Proteomics 2016; 16:866-76. [PMID: 26621614 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present review is an update of the previous one published in Proteomics 2015 Reviews special issue [Jorrin-Novo, J. V. et al., Proteomics 2015, 15, 1089-1112] covering the July 2014-2015 period. It has been written on the bases of the publications that appeared in Proteomics journal during that period and the most relevant ones that have been published in other high-impact journals. Methodological advances and the contribution of the field to the knowledge of plant biology processes and its translation to agroforestry and environmental sectors will be discussed. This review has been organized in four blocks, with a starting general introduction (literature survey) followed by sections focusing on the methodology (in vitro, in vivo, wet, and dry), proteomics integration with other approaches (systems biology and proteogenomics), biological information, and knowledge (cell communication, receptors, and signaling), ending with a brief mention of some other biological and translational topics to which proteomics has made some contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sanchez-Lucas
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba-CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (CENARGEN), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luis Valledor
- Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems (BOS), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - M Cristina Romero-Rodrıguez
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, and Departamento de Fitoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Lyudmila Simova-Stoilova
- Plant Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sekvan Demir
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba-CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis E Rodriguez-de-Francisco
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba-CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.,INTEC-Sto. Domingo, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
| | - Ana M Maldonado-Alconada
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba-CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana L Jorrin-Prieto
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba-CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesus V Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry and Proteomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba-CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
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Turner MF, Heuberger AL, Kirkwood JS, Collins CC, Wolfrum EJ, Broeckling CD, Prenni JE, Jahn CE. Non-targeted Metabolomics in Diverse Sorghum Breeding Lines Indicates Primary and Secondary Metabolite Profiles Are Associated with Plant Biomass Accumulation and Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:953. [PMID: 27462319 PMCID: PMC4939745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an emerging method to improve our understanding of how genetic diversity affects phenotypic variation in plants. Recent studies have demonstrated that genotype has a major influence on biochemical variation in several types of plant tissues, however, the association between metabolic variation and variation in morphological and physiological traits is largely unknown. Sorghum bicolor (L.) is an important food and fuel crop with extensive genetic and phenotypic variation. Sorghum lines have been bred for differing phenotypes beneficial for production of grain (food), stem sugar (food, fuel), and cellulosic biomass (forage, fuel), and these varying phenotypes are the end products of innate metabolic programming which determines how carbon is allocated during plant growth and development. Further, sorghum has been adapted among highly diverse environments. Because of this geographic and phenotypic variation, the sorghum metabolome is expected to be highly divergent; however, metabolite variation in sorghum has not been characterized. Here, we utilize a phenotypically diverse panel of sorghum breeding lines to identify associations between leaf metabolites and morpho-physiological traits. The panel (11 lines) exhibited significant variation for 21 morpho-physiological traits, as well as broader trends in variation by sorghum type (grain vs. biomass types). Variation was also observed for cell wall constituents (glucan, xylan, lignin, ash). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of leaf tissue showed that 956 of 1181 metabolites varied among the lines (81%, ANOVA, FDR adjusted p < 0.05). Both univariate and multivariate analyses determined relationships between metabolites and morpho-physiological traits, and 384 metabolites correlated with at least one trait (32%, p < 0.05), including many secondary metabolites such as glycosylated flavonoids and chlorogenic acids. The use of metabolomics to explain relationships between two or more morpho-physiological traits was explored and showed chlorogenic and shikimic acid to be associated with photosynthesis, early plant growth and final biomass measures in sorghum. Taken together, this study demonstrates the integration of metabolomics with morpho-physiological datasets to elucidate links between plant metabolism, growth, and architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie F. Turner
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam L. Heuberger
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jay S. Kirkwood
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Carl C. Collins
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Edward J. Wolfrum
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy CenterGolden, CO, USA
| | - Corey D. Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica E. Prenni
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Courtney E. Jahn
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
- *Correspondence: Courtney E. Jahn
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Gauthier L, Atanasova-Penichon V, Chéreau S, Richard-Forget F. Metabolomics to Decipher the Chemical Defense of Cereals against Fusarium graminearum and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24839-72. [PMID: 26492237 PMCID: PMC4632779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Gibberella ear rot (GER), two devastating diseases of wheat, barley, and maize. Furthermore, F. graminearum species can produce type B trichothecene mycotoxins that accumulate in grains. Use of FHB and GER resistant cultivars is one of the most promising strategies to reduce damage induced by F. graminearum. Combined with genetic approaches, metabolomic ones can provide powerful opportunities for plant breeding through the identification of resistant biomarker metabolites which have the advantage of integrating the genetic background and the influence of the environment. In the past decade, several metabolomics attempts have been made to decipher the chemical defense that cereals employ to counteract F. graminearum. By covering the major classes of metabolites that have been highlighted and addressing their potential role, this review demonstrates the complex and integrated network of events that cereals can orchestrate to resist to F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Gauthier
- Euralis, Domaine de Sandreau, 6 chemin de Panedeautes, Mondonville CS 60224, 31705 Blagnac Cedex, France.
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourleaux, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
| | | | - Sylvain Chéreau
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourleaux, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
| | - Florence Richard-Forget
- INRA, UR1264 MycSA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourleaux, CS20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
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Antibacterial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Molecular Composition Derived from Quercus cortex (Oak bark) Extract. Molecules 2015; 20:17093-108. [PMID: 26393551 PMCID: PMC6332234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercus cortex (Oak bark) has been used in European folk medicine since medieval times for treatment of diarrhea, stomatitis, pharyngitis and skin inflammations. Its antimicrobial activity is a well-known therapeutic property of oak bark, and its novel anti-quorum sensing (QS) ability has also been described recently. In this study, we examined the bioactive compounds of Quercus cortex extract and compared their direct antibacterial and regulatory anti-QS effects against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 in a biotest. Evaluation of the original Quercus cortex extract showed weak antibacterial and prominent anti-QS activities that were retained and completely restored when the samples were dried and re-hydrated. The one-step liquid chromatography result indicated that the anti-QS activity might be determined by hydrophobic compounds; however, the subsequent reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography led to dissipation and loss of the activity. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry gave excellent resolution between a majority of the compounds. Based on this result, 10 of the 35 identified small molecules were selected for further screening. The subsequent investigation indicated several compounds determined both the antibacterial and anti-QS activities of the Quercus cortex extract. Direct antibacterial activity was shown for 1,2,3-benzenetriol and 4-propyl-1,3-benzenediol, while sub-inhibitory concentrations of these compounds led to anti-QS effects. Five compounds: 4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-phenol; 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one and 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one were characterized as QS inhibitors independent of any effect on bacterial growth. Biologically relevant concentrations of each single component showed weak activity only while reconstruction of the small molecule composition derived from the Quercus cortex extract provided comparable complementary activity against C. violaceum CV026 in the biotest as the crude extract.
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Zhang T, Zhang A, Qiu S, Yang S, Wang X. Current Trends and Innovations in Bioanalytical Techniques of Metabolomics. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 46:342-51. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1079475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Feussner I, Polle A. What the transcriptome does not tell - proteomics and metabolomics are closer to the plants' patho-phenotype. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 26:26-31. [PMID: 26051215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The proteome and metabolome of the plant provide a wealth of additional information on plant-microbe interactions since they not only represent additional levels of regulation, but often they harbor the end products of regulatory processes. Proteomics has contributed to our understanding of plant-microbe research by increasing the spatial resolution of the analysis within the infected tissue, because components of the basal immunity were uncovered in the apoplast. Metabolomics has developed into a powerful approach to discover the role of small molecules during plant-microbe interactions in non-model plants since it does not depend on the availability of genome or transcriptome data. Moreover, novel molecules involved in systemic acquired resistance and the precursors for the formation of molecules that provide physical barriers to prevent spreading of pathogens were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Feussner
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Biochemistry, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Polle
- Georg-August University, Büsgen-Institute, Department for Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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