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McGinness AJ, Brooks SA, Strasser R, Schoberer J, Kriechbaumer V. Suborganellar resolution imaging for the localisation of human glycosylation enzymes in tobacco Golgi bodies. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38687244 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant cells are a capable system for producing economically and therapeutically important proteins for a variety of applications, and are considered a safer production system than some existing hosts such as bacteria or yeasts. However, plants do not perform protein modifications in the same manner as mammalian cells do. This can impact on protein functionality for plant-produced human therapeutics. This obstacle can be overcome by creating a plant-based system capable of 'humanising' proteins of interest resulting in a glycosylation profile of synthetic plant-produced proteins as it would occur in mammalian systems. For this, the human glycosylation enzymes (HuGEs) involved in N-linked glycosylation N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV and V (GNTIV and GNTV), β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (B4GALT1), and α-2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GAL) were expressed in plant cells. For these enzymes to carry out the stepwise glycosylation functions, they need to localise to late Golgi body cisternae. This was achieved by a protein targeting strategy of replacing the mammalian Golgi targeting domains (Cytoplasmic-Transmembrane-Stem (CTS) regions) with plant-specific ones. Using high-resolution and dynamic confocal microscopy, we show that GNTIV and GNTV were successfully targeted to the medial-Golgi cisternae while ST6GAL and B4GALT1 were targeted to trans-Golgi cisternae. Plant cells are a promising system to produce human therapeutics for example proteins used in enzyme replacement therapies. Plants can provide safer and cheaper alternatives to existing expression systems such as mammalian cell culture, bacteria or yeast. An important factor for the functionality of therapeutic proteins though are protein modifications specific to human cells. However, plants do not perform protein modifications in the same manner as human cells do. Therefore, plant cells need to be genetically modified to mimic human protein modifications patterns. The modification of importance here, is called N-linked glycosylation and adds specific sugar molecules onto the proteins. Here we show the expression of four human glycosylation enzymes, which are required for N-linked glycosylation, in plant cells. In addition, as these protein modifications are carried out in cells resembling a factory production line, it is important that the human glycosylation enzymes be placed in the correct cellular compartments and in the correct order. This is carried out in Golgi bodies. Golgi bodies are composed of several defined stacks termed cis-, medial and trans-Golgi body stacks. For correct protein function, two of these human glycosylation enzymes need to be placed in the medial-Golgi attacks and the other two in the trans-Golgi stacks. Using high-resolution laser microscopy in live plant cells, we show here that the human glycosylation enzymes are sent within the cells to the correct Golgi body stacks. These are first steps to modify plant cells in order to produce human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J McGinness
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan A Brooks
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Schoberer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Bioimaging, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Okada T, Teramoto T, Ihara H, Ikeda Y, Kakuta Y. Crystal structure of mango α1,3/α1,4-fucosyltransferase elucidates unique elements that regulate Lewis A-dominant oligosaccharide assembly. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae015. [PMID: 38376259 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In various organisms, α1,3/α1,4-fucosyltransferases (CAZy GT10 family enzymes) mediate the assembly of type I (Galβ1,3GlcNAc) and/or type II (Galβ1,4GlcNAc)-based Lewis structures that are widely distributed in glycoconjugates. Unlike enzymes of other species, plant orthologues show little fucosyltransferase activity for type II-based glycans and predominantly catalyze the assembly of the Lewis A structure [Galβ1,3(Fucα1,4)GlcNAc] on the type I disaccharide unit of their substrates. However, the structural basis underlying this unique substrate selectivity remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the structure-function relationship of MiFUT13A, a mango α1,3/α1,4-fucosyltransferase. The prepared MiFUT13A displayed distinct α1,4-fucosyltransferase activity. Consistent with the enzymatic properties of this molecule, X-ray crystallography revealed that this enzyme has a typical GT-B fold-type structure containing a set of residues that are responsible for its SN2-like catalysis. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular docking analyses proposed a rational binding mechanism for type I oligosaccharides. Within the catalytic cleft, the pocket surrounding Trp121 serves as a binding site, anchoring the non-reducing terminal β1,3-galactose that belongs to the type I disaccharide unit. Furthermore, Glu177 was postulated to function as a general base catalyst through its interaction with the 4-hydroxy group of the acceptor N-acetylglucosamine residue. Adjacent residues, specifically Thr120, Thr157 and Asp175 were speculated to assist in binding of the reducing terminal residues. Intriguingly, these structural elements were not fully conserved in mammalian orthologue which also shows predominant α1,4-fucosyltransferase activity. In conclusion, we have proposed that MiFUT13A generates the Lewis A structure on type I glycans through a distinct mechanism, divergent from that of mammalian enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Okada
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Takamasa Teramoto
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ihara
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kakuta
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Adigun OA, Pham TH, Grapov D, Nadeem M, Jewell LE, Galagedara L, Cheema M, Thomas R. Lipid mediated plant immunity in susceptible and tolerant soybean cultivars in response to Phytophthora sojae colonization and infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:154. [PMID: 38424489 PMCID: PMC10905861 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is one of the most cultivated crops globally and a staple food for much of the world's population. The annual global crop losses due to infection by Phytophthora sojae is currently estimated at $20B USD, yet we have limited understanding of the role of lipid mediators in the adaptative strategies used by the host plant to limit infection. Since root is the initial site of this infection, we examined the infection process in soybean root infected with Phytophthora sojae using scanning electron microscopy to observe the changes in root morphology and a multi-modal lipidomics approach to investigate how soybean cultivars remodel their lipid mediators to successfully limit infection by Phytophthora sojae. RESULTS The results reveal the presence of elevated biogenic crystals and more severe damaged cells in the root morphology of the infected susceptible cultivar compared to the infected tolerant cultivars. Furthermore, induced accumulation of stigmasterol was observed in the susceptible cultivar whereas, induced accumulation of phospholipids and glycerolipids occurred in tolerant cultivar. CONCLUSION The altered lipidome reported in this study suggest diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid mediated lipid signalling impacting phytosterol anabolism appears to be a strategy used by tolerant soybean cultivars to successfully limit infection and colonization by Phytophthora sojae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludoyin Adeseun Adigun
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Thu Huong Pham
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Linda Elizabeth Jewell
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 204 Brookfield Road, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1E 6J5, Canada
| | - Lakshman Galagedara
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment/Boreal Ecosystems and Agricultural Sciences, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- Department of Biology/Biotron Climate Change Experimental Research Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Vutharadhi S, Ranganatha KS, Nadimpalli SK. Momordica charantia seed proteins - Purification, biochemical characterization of a class II α-mannosidase isoenzyme and its interaction with the lectin and protein body membrane. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:126022. [PMID: 37506790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia seeds contain a galactose specific lectin and mixture of glycosidases. These bind to lectin-affigel at pH 5.0 and are all eluted at pH 8.0. From the mixture, α-mannosidase was separated by gel filtration (purified enzyme Mr ∼ 238 kDa). In native PAGE (silver staining) it showed three bands that stained with methylumbelliferyl substrate (possible isoforms). Ion exchange chromatography separated two isoforms in 0.5 M eluates and one isoform in 1.0 M eluate. In SDS-PAGE it dissociated to Mr ∼70 and 45 kDa subunits, showing antigenic similarity to jack bean enzyme. MALDI analysis confirmed the 70 kDa band to be α-mannosidase with sequence identity to the genomic sequence of Momordica charantia enzyme (score 83, 29 % sequence coverage). The pH, temperature optima were 5.0 and 60o C respectively. Kinetic parameters KM and Vmax estimated with p-nitrophenyl α-mannopyranoside were 0.85 mM and 12.1 U/mg respectively. Swainsonine inhibits the enzyme activity (IC50 value was 50 nM). Secondary structural analysis at far UV (190-300 nm) showed 11.6 % α-helix and 36.5 % β-sheets. 2.197 mg of the enzyme was found to interact with 3.75 mg of protein body membrane at pH 5.0 and not at pH 8.0 suggesting a pH dependent interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaranjani Vutharadhi
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Kavyashree Sakharayapatna Ranganatha
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Siva Kumar Nadimpalli
- Protein Biochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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Liu Y, Cao D, Ma L, Jin X. Upregulation of protein N-glycosylation plays crucial roles in the response of Camellia sinensis leaves to fluoride. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 183:138-150. [PMID: 35597102 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is one of the three major beverage crops in the world with its leaves consumption as tea. However, it can hyperaccumulate fluoride with about 98% fluoride deposition in the leaves. Our previously studies found that cell wall proteins (CWPs) might play a central role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. CWP is known to be glycosylated, however the response of CWP N-glycosylation to fluoride remains unknown in C. sinensis. In this study, a comparative N-glycoproteomic analysis was performed through HILIC enrichment coupled with UPLC-MS/MS based on TMT-labeling approach in C. sinensis leaves. Totally, 237 N-glycoproteins containing 326 unique N-glycosites were identified. 73.4%, 18.6%, 6.3% and 1.7% of these proteins possess 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 modification site, respectively. 93.2% of these proteins were predicted to be localized in the secretory pathway and 78.9% of them were targeted to the cell wall and the plasma membrane. 133 differentially accumulated N-glycosites (DNGSs) on 100 N-glycoproteins (DNGPs) were detected and 85.0% of them exhibited upregulated expression after fluoride treatment. 78.0% DNGPs were extracellular DNGPs, which belonged to CWPs, and 53.0% of them were grouped into protein acting on cell wall polysaccharides, proteases and oxido-reductases, whereas the majority of the remaining DNGPs were mainly related to N-glycoprotein biosynthesis, trafficking and quality control. Our study shed new light on the N-glycoproteome study, and revealed that increased N-glycosylation abundance of CWPs might contribute to fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis leave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Dan Cao
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Linlong Ma
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Xiaofang Jin
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
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Kurt F, Kurt B, Filiz E, Yildiz K, Akbudak MA. Mitochondrial iron transporter (MIT) gene in potato (Solanum tuberosum): comparative bioinformatics, physiological and expression analyses in response to drought and salinity. Biometals 2022; 35:875-887. [PMID: 35764832 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial iron transporter (MIT) genes are essential for mitochondrial acquisition/import of iron and vital to proper functioning of mitochondria. Unlike other organisms, research on the MITs in plants is limited. The present study provides comparative bioinformatics assays for the potato MIT gene (StMIT) as well as gene expression analyses. The phylogenetic analyses revealed monocots-dicot divergence in MIT proteins and it was also found clade specific motif diversity. In addition, docking analyses indicated that Asp172 and Gly100 residues to be identified as the closest residues binding to ferrous iron. The percentage of structure overlap of the StMIT 3D protein model with Arabidopsis, maize and rice MIT proteins was found between 80.18% and 85.71%. The transcript analyses exhibited that the expression of StMIT was triggered under drought and salinity stresses. The findings of the present study would provide valuable leads for further studies targeting specifically the MIT gene and generally the plant iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firat Kurt
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Plant Production and Technologies, Mus Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Baris Kurt
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Mus Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Filiz
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, Duzce University, Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Kubra Yildiz
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M Aydın Akbudak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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7
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Nakamura M, Nozaki M, Iwata Y, Koizumi N, Sato Y. THESEUS1 is involved in tunicamycin-induced root growth inhibition, ectopic lignin deposition, and cell wall damage-induced unfolded protein response. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:129-138. [PMID: 35937530 PMCID: PMC9300425 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates unfolded protein responses (UPRs), such as promoting protein folding under the control of specific gene expression. Our previous study showed that ER stress induced by ER stress inducers such as tunicamycin (Tm), an inhibitor of N-linked glycan synthesis, causes ectopic lignin deposition in Arabidopsis roots, but the relationship between UPR and ectopic lignin deposition remains unclear. The receptor-like kinase THESEUS1 (THE1) has been shown to sense cell wall damage (CWD) induced in Arabidopsis by cellulose synthase inhibitors such as isoxaben (ISO) and to activate ectopic lignin deposition. In this study, we assessed the involvement of THE1 in ectopic lignin deposition caused by the ER stress inducer Tm. The loss-of-function mutation of THE1, the1-3, suppressed Tm-induced root growth inhibition and ectopic lignin deposition, revealing that THE1 is involved in root growth defects and ectopic lignin deposition caused by ER stress. Similarly, ISO treatment induced ectopic lignin deposition as well as the expression of the UPR marker genes binding protein 3 (BiP3) and ER-localized DnaJ 3b (ERdj3b). Conversely, in the the1-3 mutant, ISO-induced ectopic lignin deposition and the expression of BiP3 and ERdj3b were suppressed. These results showed that THE1 is involved in not only root growth inhibition and ectopic lignin deposition caused by ER stress but also CWD-induced UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Biology and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nozaki
- Biology and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531,
Japan
| | - Nozomu Koizumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531,
Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Biology and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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Veličković D, Liao YC, Thibert S, Veličković M, Anderton C, Voglmeir J, Stacey G, Zhou M. Spatial Mapping of Plant N-Glycosylation Cellular Heterogeneity Inside Soybean Root Nodules Provided Insights Into Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869281. [PMID: 35651768 PMCID: PMC9150855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although ubiquitously present, information on the function of complex N-glycan posttranslational modification in plants is very limited and is often neglected. In this work, we adopted an enzyme-assisted matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging strategy to visualize the distribution and identity of N-glycans in soybean root nodules at a cellular resolution. We additionally performed proteomics analysis to probe the potential correlation to proteome changes during symbiotic rhizobia-legume interactions. Our ion images reveal that intense N-glycosylation occurs in the sclerenchyma layer, and inside the infected cells within the infection zone, while morphological structures such as the cortex, uninfected cells, and cells that form the attachment with the root are fewer N-glycosylated. Notably, we observed different N-glycan profiles between soybean root nodules infected with wild-type rhizobia and those infected with mutant rhizobia incapable of efficiently fixing atmospheric nitrogen. The majority of complex N-glycan structures, particularly those with characteristic Lewis-a epitopes, are more abundant in the mutant nodules. Our proteomic results revealed that these glycans likely originated from proteins that maintain the redox balance crucial for proper nitrogen fixation, but also from enzymes involved in N-glycan and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. These findings indicate the possible involvement of Lewis-a glycans in these critical pathways during legume-rhizobia symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Veličković
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Yen-Chen Liao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Stephanie Thibert
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Marija Veličković
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Christopher Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
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9
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Xia T, Zhan Y, Mu Y, Zhang J, Xu W. MNSs-mediated N-glycan processing is essential for auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis roots during alkaline response. iScience 2022; 25:104298. [PMID: 35602943 PMCID: PMC9118167 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early steps in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and cis-Golgi comprise trimming of N-glycans by class I α-mannosidases (MNSs) play crucial roles in root growth and stress response. Herein, we found that the root growth inhibition in the mns1 mns2 mns3 mutant was partially rescued under alkaline condition, and inhibitor treatment to disrupt auxin transport counteracted this alkaline-maintained root growth. Further study showed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were undetectable in mns1 mns2 mns3 at normal condition and recovered at alkaline condition, which corroborate our N-glycopeptide profiling, from which N-glycopeptides related with IAA biosynthesis, amino acid conjugates hydrolysis, and response showed differential abundance between normal and alkaline conditions in mns1 mns2 mns3. Overall, our results linked the need for MNSs-mediated N-glycan processing in the ER and cis-Golgi with maintenance of auxin homeostasis and transport in Arabidopsis roots during the response to alkaline stress. Root growth inhibition of the mns1 mns2 mns3 mutant was rescued at alkaline pH Auxin homeostasis was changed between normal and alkaline pH in mns1 mns2 mns3 Disrupting auxin transport inhibited the alkaline-rescued root growth in mns1 mns2 mns3
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Xia
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yujie Zhan
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yangjie Mu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Corresponding author
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10
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Uthailak N, Kajiura H, Misaki R, Fujiyama K. Production of recombinant β-glucocerebrosidase in wild-type and glycoengineered transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana root cultures with different N-glycan profiles. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:481-488. [PMID: 35190260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by an insufficiency of active β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Exogenous recombinant GCase via enzyme replacement therapy is considered the most practical treatment for Gaucher disease. Mannose receptors mediate the efficient uptake of exogenous GCase into macrophages. Thus, terminal mannose residues on N-glycans are essential for the delivery of exogenous GCase. In this study, recombinant GCase was produced in root cultures of wild-type (WT) and glycoengineered transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana with downregulated N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I expression. Root cultures of WT and glycoengineered transgenic N. benthamiana plants were successfully generated by the induction of plant hormones. Recombinant GCases produced in both root cultures possessed GCase enzyme activity. Purified GCases derived from both root cultures revealed different N-glycan profiles. The WT-derived GCase possessed the predominant plant-type N-glycans, which contain plant-specific sugars-linkages, specifically β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose residues. Notably, the mannosidic-type N-glycans with terminal mannose residues were abundant in the purified GCase derived from glycoengineered N. benthamiana root culture. This research provides a promising plant-based system for the production of recombinant GCase with terminal mannose residues on N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Osaka University Cooperative Research Station in Southeast Asia (OU:CRS), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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11
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Pandey VK, Sharma R, Prajapati GK, Mohanta TK, Mishra AK. N-glycosylation, a leading role in viral infection and immunity development. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8109-8120. [PMID: 35364718 PMCID: PMC8974804 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-linked protein glycosylation is an essential co-and posttranslational protein modification that occurs in all three domains of life; the assembly of N-glycans follows a complex sequence of events spanning the (Endoplasmic Reticulum) ER and the Golgi apparatus. It has a significant impact on both physicochemical properties and biological functions. It plays a significant role in protein folding and quality control, glycoprotein interaction, signal transduction, viral attachment, and immune response to infection. Glycoengineering of protein employed for improving protein properties and plays a vital role in the production of recombinant glycoproteins and struggles to humanize recombinant therapeutic proteins. It considers an alternative platform for biopharmaceuticals production. Many immune proteins and antibodies are glycosylated. Pathogen’s glycoproteins play vital roles during the infection cycle and their expression of specific oligosaccharides via the N-glycosylation pathway to evade detection by the host immune system. This review focuses on the aspects of N-glycosylation processing, glycoengineering approaches, their role in viral attachment, and immune responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kant Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rajani Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Niwaranpur, Ranchi, 834002, India.
| | | | | | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea.
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12
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Gong Y, Qin S, Dai L, Tian Z. The glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 and its receptor ACE2. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:396. [PMID: 34782609 PMCID: PMC8591162 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected more than 235 million individuals and led to more than 4.8 million deaths worldwide as of October 5 2021. Cryo-electron microscopy and topology show that the SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes lots of highly glycosylated proteins, such as spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and ORF3a proteins, which are responsible for host recognition, penetration, binding, recycling and pathogenesis. Here we reviewed the detections, substrates, biological functions of the glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 proteins as well as the human receptor ACE2, and also summarized the approved and undergoing SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics associated with glycosylation. This review may not only broad the understanding of viral glycobiology, but also provide key clues for the development of new preventive and therapeutic methodologies against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Suideng Qin
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhixin Tian
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Liu Y, Ma L, Cao D, Gong Z, Fan J, Hu H, Jin X. Investigation of cell wall proteins of C. sinensis leaves by combining cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:384. [PMID: 34416854 PMCID: PMC8377857 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C. sinensis is an important economic crop with fluoride over-accumulation in its leaves, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its leaf consumption as tea. Recently, our study has indicated that cell wall proteins (CWPs) probably play a vital role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. However, there has been a lack in CWP identification and characterization up to now. This study is aimed to characterize cell wall proteome of C. sinensis leaves and to develop more CWPs related to stress response. A strategy of combined cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics was employed to investigate CWPs. CWPs were extracted by sequential salt buffers, while N-glycoproteins were enriched by hydrophilic interaction chromatography method using C. sinensis leaves as a material. Afterwards all the proteins were subjected to UPLC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS A total of 501 CWPs and 195 CWPs were identified respectively by cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics profiling with 118 CWPs in common. Notably, N-glycoproteomics is a feasible method for CWP identification, and it can enhance CWP coverage. Among identified CWPs, proteins acting on cell wall polysaccharides constitute the largest functional class, most of which might be involved in cell wall structure remodeling. The second largest functional class mainly encompass various proteases related to CWP turnover and maturation. Oxidoreductases represent the third largest functional class, most of which (especially Class III peroxidases) participate in defense response. As expected, identified CWPs are mainly related to plant cell wall formation and defense response. CONCLUSION This was the first large-scale investigation of CWPs in C. sinensis through cell wall proteomics and N-glycoproteomics. Our results not only provide a database for further research on CWPs, but also an insight into cell wall formation and defense response in C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 10 Nanhu Road, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlong Ma
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 10 Nanhu Road, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Cao
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 10 Nanhu Road, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Gong
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 10 Nanhu Road, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fan
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 10 Nanhu Road, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongju Hu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 10 Nanhu Road, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Jin
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 10 Nanhu Road, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Role of Glycoproteins during Fruit Ripening and Seed Development. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082095. [PMID: 34440864 PMCID: PMC8392644 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately thirty percent of the proteins synthesized in animal or plant cells travel through the secretory pathway. Seventy to eighty percent of those proteins are glycosylated. Thus, glycosylation is an important protein modification that is related to many cellular processes, such as differentiation, recognition, development, signal transduction, and immune response. Additionally, glycosylation affects protein folding, solubility, stability, biogenesis, and activity. Specifically, in plants, glycosylation has recently been related to the fruit ripening process. This review aims to provide valuable information and discuss the available literature focused on three principal topics: (I) glycosylations as a key posttranslational modification in development in plants, (II) experimental and bioinformatics tools to analyze glycosylations, and (III) a literature review related to glycosylations in fruit ripening. Based on these three topics, we propose that it is necessary to increase the number of studies related to posttranslational modifications, specifically protein glycosylation because the specific role of glycosylation in the posttranslational process and how this process affects normal fruit development and ripening remain unclear to date.
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15
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Jung JW, Shin JH, Lee WK, Begum H, Min CH, Jang MH, Oh HB, Yang MS, Kim SR. Inactivation of the β (1, 2)-xylosyltransferase and the α (1, 3)-fucosyltransferase gene in rice (Oryza sativa) by multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 strategy. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1025-1035. [PMID: 33547931 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE CRISPR/Cas9-mediated OsXylT and OsFucT mutation caused the elimination of plant-specific β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose residues on glycoproteins in rice, which is the first report of OsXylT/OsFucT double KO mutation in rice. N-glycosylation pathway is the one of post-translational mechanism and is known as highly conserved in eukaryotes. However, the process for complex-N-glycan modification is different between mammals and plants. In plant-specific manner, β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose residues are transferred to N-glycan core structure on glycoproteins by β1,2-xylosyltransferase (β1,2-XylT) and α1,3-fucosyltransferase (α1,3-FucT), respectively. As an effort to use plants as a platform to produce biopharmaceuticals, the plant-specific N-glycan genes of rice (Oryza sativa), β1,2-xylT (OsXylT) and α1,3-FucT (OsFucT), were knocked out using multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The double knock-out lines were found to have frameshift mutations by INDELs. Both β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose residues in the lines were not detected in Western blot analysis. Consistently, there was no peak corresponding to the N-glycans in MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. Although α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose residues were not detected in the line, other plant-specific residues of β1,3-galactose and α1,4-fucose were detected. Thus, we suggest that each enzymes working on the process for complex N-glycan biosynthesis might independently act in rice, hence the double knock-out of both OsXylT and OsFucT might be not enough to humanize N-glycan structure in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wan Jung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 561-756, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jun-Hye Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- PhytoMab Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hilal Begum
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hong Min
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Jang
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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De Coninck T, Gistelinck K, Janse van Rensburg HC, Van den Ende W, Van Damme EJM. Sweet Modifications Modulate Plant Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:756. [PMID: 34070047 PMCID: PMC8158104 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant development represents a continuous process in which the plant undergoes morphological, (epi)genetic and metabolic changes. Starting from pollination, seed maturation and germination, the plant continues to grow and develops specialized organs to survive, thrive and generate offspring. The development of plants and the interplay with its environment are highly linked to glycosylation of proteins and lipids as well as metabolism and signaling of sugars. Although the involvement of these protein modifications and sugars is well-studied, there is still a long road ahead to profoundly comprehend their nature, significance, importance for plant development and the interplay with stress responses. This review, approached from the plants' perspective, aims to focus on some key findings highlighting the importance of glycosylation and sugar signaling for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo De Coninck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Koen Gistelinck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Henry C. Janse van Rensburg
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.J.v.R.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.J.v.R.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
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17
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Fogarty CA, Fadda E. Oligomannose N-Glycans 3D Architecture and Its Response to the FcγRIIIa Structural Landscape. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2607-2616. [PMID: 33661628 PMCID: PMC8279474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligomannoses are evolutionarily the oldest class of N-glycans, where the arms of the common pentasaccharide unit, i.e., Manα(1-6)-[Manα(1-3)]-Manβ(1-4)-GlcNAcβ(1-4)-GlcNAcβ1-Asn, are functionalized exclusively with branched arrangements of mannose (Man) monosaccharide units. In mammalian species oligomannose N-glycans can have up to 9 Man; meanwhile structures can grow to over 200 units in yeast mannan. The highly dynamic nature, branching complexity, and 3D structure of oligomannoses have been recently highlighted for their roles in immune escape and infectivity of enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1 and SARS-CoV2. The architectural features that allow these N-glycans to perform their functions are yet unclear, due to their intrinsically disordered nature that hinders their structural characterization. In this work we will discuss the results of over 54 μs of cumulative sampling by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of differently processed, free (not protein-linked) oligomannose N-glycans common in vertebrates. We then discuss the effects of a protein surface on their structural equilibria based on over 4 μs cumulative MD sampling of the fully glycosylated CD16a Fc γ receptor (FcγRIIIa), where the type of glycosylation is known to modulate its binding affinity for IgG1s, regulating the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Our results show that the protein's structural constraints shift the oligomannoses conformational ensemble to promote conformers that satisfy the steric requirements and hydrogen bonding networks demanded by the protein's surface landscape. More importantly, we find that the protein does not actively distort the N-glycans into structures not populated in the unlinked forms in solution. Ultimately, the highly populated conformations of the Man5 linked glycans support experimental evidence of high levels of hybrid complex forms at N45 and show a specific presentation of the arms at N162, which may be involved in mediating binding affinity to the IgG1 Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Fogarty
- Department of Chemistry and Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Elisa Fadda
- Department of Chemistry and Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
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18
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Strasser R, Seifert G, Doblin MS, Johnson KL, Ruprecht C, Pfrengle F, Bacic A, Estevez JM. Cracking the "Sugar Code": A Snapshot of N- and O-Glycosylation Pathways and Functions in Plants Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640919. [PMID: 33679857 PMCID: PMC7933510 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a fundamental co-translational and/or post-translational modification process where an attachment of sugars onto either proteins or lipids can alter their biological function, subcellular location and modulate the development and physiology of an organism. Glycosylation is not a template driven process and as such produces a vastly larger array of glycan structures through combinatorial use of enzymes and of repeated common scaffolds and as a consequence it provides a huge expansion of both the proteome and lipidome. While the essential role of N- and O-glycan modifications on mammalian glycoproteins is already well documented, we are just starting to decode their biological functions in plants. Although significant advances have been made in plant glycobiology in the last decades, there are still key challenges impeding progress in the field and, as such, holistic modern high throughput approaches may help to address these conceptual gaps. In this snapshot, we present an update of the most common O- and N-glycan structures present on plant glycoproteins as well as (1) the plant glycosyltransferases (GTs) and glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) responsible for their biosynthesis; (2) a summary of microorganism-derived GHs characterized to cleave specific glycosidic linkages; (3) a summary of the available tools ranging from monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), lectins to chemical probes for the detection of specific sugar moieties within these complex macromolecules; (4) selected examples of N- and O-glycoproteins as well as in their related GTs to illustrate the complexity on their mode of action in plant cell growth and stress responses processes, and finally (5) we present the carbohydrate microarray approach that could revolutionize the way in which unknown plant GTs and GHs are identified and their specificities characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika S. Doblin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kim L. Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - José M. Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
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19
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Nguan HS, Tsai ST, Chen JL, Hsu PJ, Kuo JL, Ni CK. Collision-induced dissociation of xylose and its applications in linkage and anomericity identification. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3485-3495. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05868h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Different dehydration barrier heights result in different branching ratio, a simple and fast anomeric configuration identification for xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock-Seng Nguan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Jien-Lian Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kung Ni
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
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20
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Uthailak N, Kajiura H, Misaki R, Fujiyama K. Transient Production of Human β-Glucocerebrosidase With Mannosidic-Type N-Glycan Structure in Glycoengineered Nicotiana benthamiana Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683762. [PMID: 34163514 PMCID: PMC8215604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of functional enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Recombinant GCase has been used in enzyme replacement therapy to treat Gaucher disease. Importantly, the terminal mannose N-glycan structure is essential for the uptake of recombinant GCase into macrophages via the mannose receptor. In this research, recombinant GCase was produced using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in both wild-type (WT) and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI) downregulated Nicotiana benthamiana (ΔgntI) plants, the latter of which accumulates mannosidic-type N-glycan structures. The successfully produced functional GCase exhibited GCase enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was the same as that of the conventional mammalian-derived GCase. Notably, N-glycan analysis revealed that a mannosidic-type N-glycan structure lacking plant-specific N-glycans (β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose residues) was predominant in all glycosylation sites of purified GCase produced from ΔgntI plants. Our research provides a promising alternative plant line as a host for the production of recombinant GCase with a mannosidic-type N-glycan structure. This glycoengineered plant might be applicable to the production of other pharmaceutical proteins, especially mannose receptor targeted protein, for therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Misaki
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Cooperative Research Station in Southeast Asia, International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Kazuhito Fujiyama
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21
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Huang CH, Huang TL, Liu YC, Chen TC, Lin SM, Shaw SY, Chang CC. Overexpression of a multifunctional β-glucosidase gene from thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus in transgenic tobacco could facilitate glucose release and its use as a reporter. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:511-527. [PMID: 32776308 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The β-glucosidase, which hydrolyzes the β(1-4) glucosidic linkage of disaccharides, oligosaccharides and glucose-substituted molecules, has been used in many biotechnological applications. The current commercial source of β-glucosidase is mainly microbial fermentation. Plants have been developed as bioreactors to produce various kinds of proteins including β-glucosidase because of the potential low cost. Sulfolobus solfataricus is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that can grow optimally at high temperature, around 80 °C, and pH 2-4. We overexpressed the β-glucosidase gene from S. solfataricus in transgenic tobacco via Agrobacteria-mediated transformation. Three transgenic tobacco lines with β-glucosidase gene expression driven by the rbcS promoter were obtained, and the recombinant proteins were accumulated in chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles up to 1%, 0.6% and 0.3% of total soluble protein, respectively. By stacking the transgenes via crossing distinct transgenic events, the level of β-glucosidase in plants could further increase. The plant-expressed β-glucosidase had optimal activity at 80 °C and pH 5-6. In addition, the plant-expressed β-glucosidase showed high thermostability; on heat pre-treatment at 80 °C for 2 h, approximately 70% residual activity remained. Furthermore, wind-dried leaf tissues of transgenic plants showed good stability in short-term storage at room temperature, with β-glucosidase activity of about 80% still remaining after 1 week of storage as compared with fresh leaf. Furthermore, we demonstrated the possibility of using the archaebacterial β-glucosidase gene as a reporter in plants based on alternative β-galactosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Yu Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chun Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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22
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Bellande K, Lalo A, Ligat L, Roujol D, Jamet E, Canut H. Recombinant N-glycosylation isoforms of Legume lectins: Production and purification from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves following RuBisCO depletion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:441-452. [PMID: 33212361 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient purification of recombinant proteins often requires a high ratio of recombinant to host proteins. In plants, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the most abundant leaf protein, thus strongly impacting purification yield. Here, we describe a simple and robust purification procedure for recombinant proteins based on a differential precipitation of RuBisCO. In this context, four Legume lectin domains of Arabidopsis thaliana which belong to receptor-like kinases and cell wall proteins were produced from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The recombinant proteins exhibit a unique lectin domain consisting of around 250 amino acid residues with several predicted N-glycosylation sites and a six His-tag at the N-terminus. After ammonium sulphate precipitation of total soluble proteins, depletion of RuBisCO was obtained using citrate and succinate buffers during the salting-in step: this depletion was pH-dependent and the presence of di- or tri-carboxylic acids was required. The depleted protein extracts were then subjected to two chromatographic steps which were used in the negative mode to submit a protein fraction enriched as much as possible in recombinant lectin domains to a third chromatographic step (immobilized metal-ion chromatography). Three of the Legume lectin domains were purified near to homogeneity and revealed multiple N-glycosylation isoforms, particularly those from receptor-like kinases, which were characterised using specific lectins and deglycosylation enzymes. The production and purification of recombinant lectin domains will facilitate their biochemical characterisation in the context of cell-to-cell signalling and cell wall organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bellande
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Alexandre Lalo
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Lætitia Ligat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - David Roujol
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Hervé Canut
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
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23
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Mátyás B, Singer J, Szarka M, Lowy DA, Döncző B, Makleit P, Failoc-Rojas VE, Ramirez A, Martínez P, Sándor Z, Kincses I, Guttman A. Determination of complex type free, non-conjugated oligosaccharide glucose unit values in tomato xylem sap for early detection of nutrient deficiency. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:200-205. [PMID: 33128395 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although knowledge on glycan biosynthesis and processing is continuously maturing, there are still a limited number of studies that examine biological functions of N-glycan structures in plants, which remain virtually unknown. Here, the statistical correlation between nutrient (nitrogen) deficiency symptoms of crops and changes in 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS)-labeled complex type free oligosaccharides is reported. While deficiency symptoms are predicted by multispectral images and Kjeldahl digestion, APTS-labeled complex type free oligosaccharides are identified by their glucose unit (GU) values in tomato xylem sap, using capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). Given the limited number of structures obtained from plants, archived in the literature, in the future, it is intended to create an open access database of promising indicators, namely, glycan structures that are presumably responsible for the nutrient deficiency caused stress in plants (http://glycoplants.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Mátyás
- Genesis Sustainable Future Ltd., 33 Rákóczi St., Sárospatak, B-A-Z, H-3950, Hungary.,Research Group of Applied Plant Glycobiology, Dama Research Center limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Máté Szarka
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen, Hungary.,Vitrolink Ltd., Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Daniel A Lowy
- Genesis Sustainable Future Ltd., 33 Rákóczi St., Sárospatak, B-A-Z, H-3950, Hungary.,Research Group of Applied Plant Glycobiology, Dama Research Center limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Northern Virginia Community College, Alxandria, VA, USA
| | | | - Péter Makleit
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrés Ramirez
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología - CIITT, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Azogues, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Martínez
- Centro de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología - CIITT, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Azogues, Ecuador
| | - Zsolt Sándor
- Research Group of Applied Plant Glycobiology, Dama Research Center limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ida Kincses
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Guttman
- Horváth Csaba Memorial Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,Translational Glycomics Group, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
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24
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Pfeifer L, Classen B. The Cell Wall of Seagrasses: Fascinating, Peculiar and a Blank Canvas for Future Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:588754. [PMID: 33193541 PMCID: PMC7644952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.588754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Seegrasses are a polyphyletic group of angiosperm plants, which evolved from early monocotyledonous land plants and returned to the marine environment around 140 million years ago. Today, seagrasses comprise the five families Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Posidoniaceae, Cymodoceaceae, and Ruppiaceae and form important coastal ecosystems worldwide. Despite of this ecological importance, the existing literature on adaption of these angiosperms to the marine environment and especially their cell wall composition is limited up to now. A unique feature described for some seagrasses is the occurrence of polyanionic, low-methylated pectins mainly composed of galacturonic acid and apiose (apiogalacturonans). Furthermore, sulfated galactans have been detected in some species. Recently, arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), highly glycosylated proteins of the cell wall of land plants, have been isolated for the first time from a seagrass of the baltic sea. Obviously, seagrass cell walls are characterized by new combinations of structural polysaccharide and glycoprotein elements known from macroalgae and angiosperm land plants. In this review, current knowledge on cell walls of seagrasses is summarized and suggestions for future investigations are given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Classen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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25
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Petit J, Salentijn EMJ, Paulo MJ, Denneboom C, van Loo EN, Trindade LM. Elucidating the Genetic Architecture of Fiber Quality in Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Using a Genome-Wide Association Study. Front Genet 2020; 11:566314. [PMID: 33093845 PMCID: PMC7527631 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a bast-fiber crop with a great potential in the emerging bio-based economy. Yet, hemp breeding for fiber quality is restricted and that is mainly due to the limited knowledge of the genetic architecture of its fiber quality. A panel of 123 hemp accessions, with large phenotypic variability, was used to study the genetic basis of seven cell wall and bast fiber traits relevant to fiber quality. These traits showed large genetic variance components and high values of broad sense heritability in this hemp panel, as concluded from the phenotypic evaluation across three test locations with contrasting environments. The hemp panel was genotyped using restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Subsequently, a large set (> 600,000) of selected genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers was used for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach to get insights into quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling fiber quality traits. In absence of a complete hemp genome sequence, identification of QTLs was based on the following characteristics: (i) association level to traits, (ii) fraction of explained trait variance, (iii) collinearity between QTLs, and (iv) detection across different environments. Using this approach, 16 QTLs were identified across locations for different fiber quality traits, including contents of glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, xylose, lignin, and bast fiber content. Among them, six were found across the three environments. The genetic markers composing the QTLs that are common across locations are valuable tools to develop novel genotypes of hemp with improved fiber quality. Underneath the QTLs, 12 candidate genes were identified which are likely to be involved in the biosynthesis and modification of monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and lignin. These candidate genes were suggested to play an important role in determining fiber quality in hemp. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of fiber traits, identifies QTLs and candidate genes that form the basis for molecular breeding for high fiber quality hemp cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Petit
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elma M J Salentijn
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria-João Paulo
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christel Denneboom
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Eibertus N van Loo
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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26
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Protein Glycosylation Investigated by Mass Spectrometry: An Overview. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091986. [PMID: 32872358 PMCID: PMC7564411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein glycosylation is a post-translational modification of crucial importance for its involvement in molecular recognition, protein trafficking, regulation, and inflammation. Indeed, abnormalities in protein glycosylation are correlated with several disease states such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and congenial disorders. The understanding of cellular mechanisms through the elucidation of glycan composition encourages researchers to find analytical solutions for their detection. Actually, the multiplicity and diversity of glycan structures bond to the proteins, the variations in polarity of the individual saccharide residues, and the poor ionization efficiencies make their detection much trickier than other kinds of biopolymers. An overview of the most prominent techniques based on mass spectrometry (MS) for protein glycosylation (glycoproteomics) studies is here presented. The tricks and pre-treatments of samples are discussed as a crucial step prodromal to the MS analysis to improve the glycan ionization efficiency. Therefore, the different instrumental MS mode is also explored for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycopeptides and the glycans structural composition, thus contributing to the elucidation of biological mechanisms.
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27
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Jia X, Zeng H, Bose SK, Wang W, Yin H. Chitosan oligosaccharide induces resistance to Pst DC3000 in Arabidopsis via a non-canonical N-glycosylation regulation pattern. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116939. [PMID: 33049851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Roles of protein N-glycosylation in chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) induced resistance were investigated in the present study. Results demonstrated that N-glycosylation deficient Arabidopsis mutants (stt3a and ManI) were more susceptible against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) than wild type (WT) plants. Surprisingly, in stt3a and ManI, COS-induced resistance to Pst DC3000 was mostly intact, and the up-regulation effect on SA- and JA-mediated signalling pathways also similar like WT. Nucleotide sugars accumulation and N-glycosylation related genes expression were differently regulated after COS treatment. Global glycomics analysis quantified 157 N-glycan isomers, and 56.7, 50.3 and 47.1 % of them were significantly changed in COS, mock + Pst, and COS + Pst treated plants, respectively. Moreover, COS pretreatment could reverse the effect of Pst DC3000 on many N-glycans, suggesting that COS regulates protein N-glycosylation via a non-canonical pattern compared with plant defense, which may contribute to its obvious disease control effect when N-glycosylation impairment occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Jia
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haihong Zeng
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Santosh Kumar Bose
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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28
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Kittur FS, Hung CY, Zhu C, Shajahan A, Azadi P, Thomas MD, Pearce JL, Gruber C, Kallolimath S, Xie J. Glycoengineering tobacco plants to stably express recombinant human erythropoietin with different N-glycan profiles. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 157:158-169. [PMID: 32348856 PMCID: PMC8349175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based expression system has many potential advantages to produce biopharmaceuticals, but plants cannot be directly used to express human glycoproteins because of their differences in glycosylation abilities from mammals. To exploit plant-based expression system for producing recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO), we glycoengineered tobacco plants by stably introducing seven to eight mammalian genes including a target human EPO into tobacco in order to generate capacities for β1,4-galactosylation, bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialylation. Wild type human β1,4-galactosyltransferase gene (GalT) or a chimeric GalT gene (ST/GalT) was co-expressed to produce rhuEPO bearing β1,4-galactose-extended N-glycan chains as well as compare their β1,4-galactosylation efficiencies. Five mammalian genes encoding enzymes/transporter for sialic acid biosynthesis, transport and transfer were co-expressed to build sialylation capacity in plants. The human MGAT3 was co-expressed to produce N-glycan chains with bisecting GlcNAc. Our results demonstrated that the above transgenes were incorporated into tobacco genome and transcribed. ST/GalT was found to be more efficient than GalT for β1,4-galactosylation. Furthermore, co-expressing MGAT3 generated N-glycans likely bearing bisected GlcNAc. However, our current efforts did not result in generating sialylation capacity. Created transgenic plants expressing EPO and ST/GalT could be used to produce rhuEPO with high proportion of β1,4-galactose-extended N-glycan chains for tissue protective purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooqahmed S Kittur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Chiu-Yueh Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Chuanshu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Michelle D Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jackson L Pearce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Clemens Gruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Somanath Kallolimath
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiahua Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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29
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Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of neoglycopolymers carrying multivalent N-glycopeptide units. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:1294-1300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Bachmann T, Schnurr C, Zainer L, Rychlik M. Chemical synthesis of 5'-β-glycoconjugates of vitamin B 6. Carbohydr Res 2020; 489:107940. [PMID: 32062177 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Various 5'-β-saccharides of pyridoxine, namely the mannoside, galactoside, arabinoside, maltoside, cellobioside and glucuronide, were synthesized chemically according to Koenigs-Knorr conditions using α4,3-O-isopropylidene pyridoxine and the respective acetobromo glycosyl donors with AgOTf (3.0 eq.) and NIS (3.0 eq.) as promoters at 0 °C. Furthermore, 5'-β-[13C6]-labeled pyridoxine glucoside (PNG) was prepared starting from [13C6]-glucose and pyridoxine. Additionally, two strategies were examined for the synthesis of 5'-β-pyridoxal glucoside (PLG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bachmann
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Christian Schnurr
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Laura Zainer
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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31
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Hemu X, To J, Zhang X, Tam JP. Immobilized Peptide Asparaginyl Ligases Enhance Stability and Facilitate Macrocyclization and Site-Specific Ligation. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1504-1512. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Hemu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Janet To
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - James P. Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
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32
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Göritzer K, Turupcu A, Maresch D, Novak J, Altmann F, Oostenbrink C, Obinger C, Strasser R. Distinct Fcα receptor N-glycans modulate the binding affinity to immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13995-14008. [PMID: 31362986 PMCID: PMC6755811 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most prevalent antibody class at mucosal sites with an important role in mucosal defense. Little is known about the impact of N-glycan modifications of IgA1 and IgA2 on binding to the Fcα receptor (FcαRI), which is also heavily glycosylated at its extracellular domain. Here, we transiently expressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-binding monomeric IgA1, IgA2m(1), and IgA2m(2) variants in Nicotiana benthamiana ΔXT/FT plants lacking the enzymes responsible for generating nonhuman N-glycan structures. By coinfiltrating IgA with the respective glycan-modifying enzymes, we generated IgA carrying distinct homogenous N-glycans. We demonstrate that distinctly different N-glycan profiles did not influence antigen binding or the overall structure and integrity of the IgA antibodies but did affect their thermal stability. Using size-exclusion chromatography, differential scanning and isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and molecular modeling, we probed distinct IgA1 and IgA2 glycoforms for binding to four different FcαRI glycoforms and investigated the thermodynamics and kinetics of complex formation. Our results suggest that different N-glycans on the receptor significantly contribute to binding affinities for its cognate ligand. We also noted that full-length IgA and FcαRI form a mixture of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes tending toward a 1:1 stoichiometry due to different IgA tailpiece conformations that make it less likely that both binding sites are simultaneously occupied. In conclusion, N-glycans of human IgA do not affect its structure and integrity but its thermal stability, and FcαRI N-glycans significantly modulate binding affinity to IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Göritzer
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aysegül Turupcu
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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33
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Gengenbach BB, Keil LL, Opdensteinen P, Müschen CR, Melmer G, Lentzen H, Bührmann J, Buyel JF. Comparison of microbial and transient expression (tobacco plants and plant-cell packs) for the production and purification of the anticancer mistletoe lectin viscumin. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2236-2249. [PMID: 31140580 PMCID: PMC6772165 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Cancer therapy often involves monoclonal antibodies or small-molecule drugs, but carbohydrate-binding lectins such as mistletoe (Viscum album) viscumin offer a potential alternative treatment strategy. Viscumin is toxic in mammalian cells, ruling them out as an efficient production system, and it forms inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli such that purification requires complex and lengthy refolding steps. We therefore investigated the transient expression of viscumin in intact Nicotiana benthamiana plants and Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow 2 plant-cell packs (PCPs), comparing a full-length viscumin gene construct to separate constructs for the A and B chains. As determined by capillary electrophoresis the maximum yield of purified heterodimeric viscumin in N. benthamiana was ~7 mg/kg fresh biomass with the full-length construct. The yield was about 50% higher in PCPs but reduced 10-fold when coexpressing A and B chains as individual polypeptides. Using a single-step lactosyl-Sepharose affinity resin, we purified viscumin to ~54%. The absence of refolding steps resulted in estimated cost savings of more than 80% when transient expression in tobacco was compared with E. coli. Furthermore, the plant-derived product was ~3-fold more toxic than the bacterially produced counterpart. We conclude that plants offer a suitable alternative for the production of complex biopharmaceutical proteins that are toxic to mammalian cells and that form inclusion bodies in bacteria.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/biosynthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Plant Cells/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2/biosynthesis
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2/genetics
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2/isolation & purification
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/metabolism
- Toxins, Biological/biosynthesis
- Toxins, Biological/genetics
- Toxins, Biological/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Gengenbach
- Integrated Production PlatformsFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Linda L. Keil
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Patrick Opdensteinen
- Integrated Production PlatformsFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Catherine R. Müschen
- Integrated Production PlatformsFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | | | | | | | - Johannes F. Buyel
- Integrated Production PlatformsFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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Tjondro HC, Loke I, Chatterjee S, Thaysen-Andersen M. Human protein paucimannosylation: cues from the eukaryotic kingdoms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:2068-2100. [PMID: 31410980 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paucimannosidic proteins (PMPs) are bioactive glycoproteins carrying truncated α- or β-mannosyl-terminating asparagine (N)-linked glycans widely reported across the eukaryotic domain. Our understanding of human PMPs remains limited, despite findings documenting their existence and association with human disease glycobiology. This review comprehensively surveys the structures, biosynthetic routes and functions of PMPs across the eukaryotic kingdoms with the aim of synthesising an improved understanding on the role of protein paucimannosylation in human health and diseases. Convincing biochemical, glycoanalytical and biological data detail a vast structural heterogeneity and fascinating tissue- and subcellular-specific expression of PMPs within invertebrates and plants, often comprising multi-α1,3/6-fucosylation and β1,2-xylosylation amongst other glycan modifications and non-glycan substitutions e.g. O-methylation. Vertebrates and protists express less-heterogeneous PMPs typically only comprising variable core fucosylation of bi- and trimannosylchitobiose core glycans. In particular, the Manα1,6Manβ1,4GlcNAc(α1,6Fuc)β1,4GlcNAcβAsn glycan (M2F) decorates various human neutrophil proteins reportedly displaying bioactivity and structural integrity demonstrating that they are not degradation products. Less-truncated paucimannosidic glycans (e.g. M3F) are characteristic glycosylation features of proteins expressed by human cancer and stem cells. Concertedly, these observations suggest the involvement of human PMPs in processes related to innate immunity, tumorigenesis and cellular differentiation. The absence of human PMPs in diverse bodily fluids studied under many (patho)physiological conditions suggests extravascular residence and points to localised functions of PMPs in peripheral tissues. Absence of PMPs in Fungi indicates that paucimannosylation is common, but not universally conserved, in eukaryotes. Relative to human PMPs, the expression of PMPs in plants, invertebrates and protists is more tissue-wide and constitutive yet, similar to their human counterparts, PMP expression remains regulated by the physiology of the producing organism and PMPs evidently serve essential functions in development, cell-cell communication and host-pathogen/symbiont interactions. In most PMP-producing organisms, including humans, the N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase isoenzymes and linkage-specific α-mannosidases are glycoside hydrolases critical for generating PMPs via N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT-I)-dependent and GnT-I-independent truncation pathways. However, the identity and structure of many species-specific PMPs in eukaryotes, their biosynthetic routes, strong tissue- and development-specific expression, and diverse functions are still elusive. Deep exploration of these PMP features involving, for example, the characterisation of endogenous PMP-recognising lectins across a variety of healthy and N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase-deficient human tissue types and identification of microbial adhesins reactive to human PMPs, are amongst the many tasks required for enhanced insight into the glycobiology of human PMPs. In conclusion, the literature supports the notion that PMPs are significant, yet still heavily under-studied biomolecules in human glycobiology that serve essential functions and create structural heterogeneity not dissimilar to other human N-glycoprotein types. Human PMPs should therefore be recognised as bioactive glycoproteins that are distinctly different from the canonical N-glycoprotein classes and which warrant a more dedicated focus in glycobiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Tjondro
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian Loke
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sayantani Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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Komarova TV, Sheshukova EV, Dorokhov YL. Plant-Made Antibodies: Properties and Therapeutic Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:381-395. [PMID: 29231134 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171212093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cost-effective plant platform for therapeutic monoclonal antibody production is both flexible and scalable. Plant cells have mechanisms for protein synthesis and posttranslational modification, including glycosylation, similar to those in animal cells. However, plants produce less complex and diverse Asn-attached glycans compared to animal cells and contain plant-specific residues. Nevertheless, plant-made antibodies (PMAbs) could be advantageous compared to those produced in animal cells due to the absence of a risk of contamination from nucleic acids or proteins of animal origin. OBJECTIVE In this review, the various platforms of PMAbs production are described, and the widely used transient expression system based on Agrobacterium-mediated delivery of genetic material into plant cells is discussed in detail. RESULTS We examined the features of and approaches to humanizing the Asn-linked glycan of PMAbs. The prospects for PMAbs in the prevention and treatment of human infectious diseases have been illustrated by promising results with PMAbs against human immunodeficiency virus, rotavirus infection, human respiratory syncytial virus, rabies, anthrax and Ebola virus. The pre-clinical and clinical trials of PMAbs against different types of cancer, including lymphoma and breast cancer, are addressed. CONCLUSION PMAb biosafety assessments in patients suggest that it has no side effects, although this does not completely remove concerns about the potential immunogenicity of some plant glycans in humans. Several PMAbs at various developmental stages have been proposed. Promise for the clinical use of PMAbs is aimed at the treatment of viral and bacterial infections as well as in anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Komarova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri L Dorokhov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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N-glycans in Toxicodendron vernicifluum lacquer laccase. Carbohydr Res 2019; 474:57-66. [PMID: 30738956 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The N-glycans in Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Rhus vernicifera) lacquer laccase was elucidated for the first time through a combination of enzymatic digestion and subsequent mass spectrometry measurements using LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF MS. Lacquer laccase was isolated from a Japanese lacquer acetone powder from consecutive Sephadex C-50 and DEAE A-50 column chromatography. Trypsin and chymotrypsin digestions of the lacquer laccase resulted in a mixture of peptides and N-glycopeptides, which were treated with peptide-N-glycosidases and then Nα-(aminooxyacetyl)tryptophanylarginine methyl ester (aoWR) to give the aoWR-labelled N-glycans. The MS measurements revealed that GlcNAc4Hex5Fuc3Xyl1 N-glycan was attached at 12 N-glycosylation sites (Asn 5, 14, 180, 194, 233, 274, 284, 347, 364, 381, 398, and 519), GlcNAc3Hex4Fuc2Xyl1 N-glycan at two sites (Asn 124 and 454), and GlcNAc3Hex6Fuc1Xyl1 N-glycan at one site (Asn 28). A database search (Mascot search) of the peptides also suggested the presence of N-glycans at the 15 potential N-glycosylation sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr).
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Lucas PL, Dumontier R, Loutelier-Bourhis C, Mareck A, Afonso C, Lerouge P, Mati-Baouche N, Bardor M. User-friendly extraction and multistage tandem mass spectrometry based analysis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides in microalgae. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:107. [PMID: 30534192 PMCID: PMC6280548 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein N-glycosylation is initiated within the endoplasmic reticulum through the synthesis of a lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) precursor. This precursor is then transferred en bloc on neo-synthesized proteins through the action of the oligosaccharyltransferase giving birth to glycoproteins. The N-linked glycans bore by the glycoproteins are then processed into oligomannosides prior to the exit of the glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and its entrance into the Golgi apparatus. In this compartment, the N-linked glycans are further maturated in complex type N-glycans. This process has been well studied in a lot of eukaryotes including higher plants. In contrast, little information regarding the LLO precursor and synthesis of N-linked glycans is available in microalgae. METHODS In this report, a user-friendly extraction method combining microsomal enrichment and solvent extractions followed by purification steps is described. This strategy is aiming to extract LLO precursor from microalgae. Then, the oligosaccharide moiety released from the extracted LLO were analyzed by multistage tandem mass spectrometry in two models of microalgae namely the green microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. RESULTS The validity of the developed method was confirmed by the analysis of the oligosaccharide structures released from the LLO of two xylosyltransferase mutants of C. reinhardtii confirming that this green microalga synthesizes a linear Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 identical to the one of the wild-type cells. In contrast, the analysis of the oligosaccharide released from the LLO of the diatom P. tricornutum demonstrated for the first time a Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 structure. CONCLUSION The method described in this article allows the fast, non-radioactive and reliable multistage tandem mass spectrometry characterization of oligosaccharides released from LLO of microalgae including the ones belonging to the Phaeodactylaceae and Chlorophyceae classes, respectively. The method is fully adaptable for extracting and characterizing the LLO oligosaccharide moiety from microalgae belonging to other phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Lucas
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Univ, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Rodolphe Dumontier
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Univ, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Alain Mareck
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Univ, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, Normandie Univ, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Univ, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Muriel Bardor
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA4358, Normandie Univ, 76000 Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75000 Paris, France
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Podzimek T, Přerovská T, Šantrůček J, Kovaľ T, Dohnálek J, Matoušek J, Lipovová P. N-glycosylation of tomato nuclease TBN1 produced in N. benthamiana and its effect on the enzyme activity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:152-161. [PMID: 30348313 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A unique analysis of an enzyme activity versus structure modification of the tomato nuclease R-TBN1 is presented. R-TBN1, the non-specific nuclease belonging to the S1-P1 nuclease family, was recombinantly produced in N. benthamiana. The native structure is posttranslationally modified by N-glycosylation at three sites. In this work, it was found that this nuclease is modified by high-mannose type N-glycosylation with a certain degree of macro- and microheterogeneity. To monitor the role of N-glycosylation in its activity, hypo- and hyperglycosylated nuclease mutants, R-TBN1 digested by α-mannosidase, and R-TBN1 deglycosylated by PNGase F were prepared. Deglycosylated R-TBN1 and mutant N94D/N112D were virtually inactive. Compared to R-TBN1 wt, both N94D and N112D mutants showed about 60% and 10% of the activity, respectively, while the N186D, D36S, and D36S/E104 N mutants were equally or even more active than R-TBN1 wt. The partial demannosylation of R-TBN1 did not affect the nuclease activity; moreover, a little shift in substrate specificity was observed. The results show two facts: 1) which sites must be occupied by a glycan for the proper folding and stability and 2) how N. benthamiana glycosylates the foreign nuclease. At the same time, the modifications can be interesting in designing the nuclease activity or specificity through its glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Podzimek
- University of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Přerovská
- University of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šantrůček
- University of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kovaľ
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Biocev, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dohnálek
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Biocev, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Matoušek
- Biology Centre, ASCR v.v.i., Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 32, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lipovová
- University of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
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Ebert B, Rautengarten C, McFarlane HE, Rupasinghe T, Zeng W, Ford K, Scheller HV, Bacic A, Roessner U, Persson S, Heazlewood JL. A Golgi UDP-GlcNAc transporter delivers substrates for N-linked glycans and sphingolipids. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:792-801. [PMID: 30224661 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation requires activated glycosyl donors in the form of nucleotide sugars to drive processes such as post-translational protein modifications and glycolipid and polysaccharide biosynthesis. Most of these reactions occur in the Golgi, requiring cytosolic-derived nucleotide sugars, which need to be actively transferred into the Golgi lumen by nucleotide sugar transporters. We identified a Golgi-localized nucleotide sugar transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana with affinity for UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and assigned it UDP-GlcNAc transporter 1 (UGNT1). Profiles of N-glycopeptides revealed that plants carrying the ugnt1 loss-of-function allele are virtually devoid of complex and hybrid N-glycans. Instead, the N-glycopeptide population from these alleles exhibited high-mannose structures, representing structures prior to the addition of the first GlcNAc in the Golgi. Concomitantly, sphingolipid profiling revealed that the biosynthesis of GlcNAc-containing glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) is also reliant on this transporter. By contrast, plants carrying the loss-of-function alleles affecting ROCK1, which has been reported to transport UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, exhibit no changes in N-glycan or GIPC profiles. Our findings reveal that plants contain a single UDP-GlcNAc transporter that delivers an essential substrate for the maturation of N-glycans and the GIPC class of sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Ebert
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Heather E McFarlane
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristina Ford
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute and Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Antony Bacic
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Mouzo D, Bernal J, López-Pedrouso M, Franco D, Zapata C. Advances in the Biology of Seed and Vegetative Storage Proteins Based on Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:E2462. [PMID: 30261600 PMCID: PMC6222612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed storage proteins play a fundamental role in plant reproduction and human nutrition. They accumulate during seed development as reserve material for germination and seedling growth and are a major source of dietary protein for human consumption. Storage proteins encompass multiple isoforms encoded by multi-gene families that undergo abundant glycosylations and phosphorylations. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) is a proteomic tool especially suitable for the characterization of storage proteins because of their peculiar characteristics. In particular, storage proteins are soluble multimeric proteins highly represented in the seed proteome that contain polypeptides of molecular mass between 10 and 130 kDa. In addition, high-resolution profiles can be achieved by applying targeted 2-DE protocols. 2-DE coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) has traditionally been the methodology of choice in numerous studies on the biology of storage proteins in a wide diversity of plants. 2-DE-based reference maps have decisively contributed to the current state of our knowledge about storage proteins in multiple key aspects, including identification of isoforms and quantification of their relative abundance, identification of phosphorylated isoforms and assessment of their phosphorylation status, and dynamic changes of isoforms during seed development and germination both qualitatively and quantitatively. These advances have translated into relevant information about meaningful traits in seed breeding such as protein quality, longevity, gluten and allergen content, stress response and antifungal, antibacterial, and insect susceptibility. This review addresses progress on the biology of storage proteins and application areas in seed breeding using 2-DE-based maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mouzo
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Javier Bernal
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María López-Pedrouso
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Daniel Franco
- Meat Technology Center of Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Carlos Zapata
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Nagashima Y, von Schaewen A, Koiwa H. Function of N-glycosylation in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:70-79. [PMID: 30080642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein N-glycosylation is one of the major post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells. In lower unicellular eukaryotes, the known functions of N-glycans are predominantly in protein folding and quality control within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In multicellular organisms, complex N-glycans are important for developmental programs and immune responses. However, little is known about the functions of complex N-glycans in plants. Formed in the Golgi apparatus, plant complex N-glycans have structures distinct from their animal counterparts due to a set of glycosyltransferases unique to plants. Severe basal underglycosylation in the ER lumen induces misfolding of newly synthesized proteins, which elicits the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER protein quality control (ERQC) pathways. The former promotes higher capacity of proper protein folding and the latter degradation of misfolded proteins to clear the ER. Although our knowledge on plant complex N-glycan functions is limited, genetic studies revealed the importance of complex N-glycans in cellulose biosynthesis and growth under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Nagashima
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie & Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Signaling through plant lectins: modulation of plant immunity and beyond. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:217-233. [PMID: 29472368 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lectins constitute an abundant group of proteins that are present throughout the plant kingdom. Only recently, genome-wide screenings have unraveled the multitude of different lectin sequences within one plant species. It appears that plants employ a plurality of lectins, though relatively few lectins have already been studied and functionally characterized. Therefore, it is very likely that the full potential of lectin genes in plants is underrated. This review summarizes the knowledge of plasma membrane-bound lectins in different biological processes (such as recognition of pathogen-derived molecules and symbiosis) and illustrates the significance of soluble intracellular lectins and how they can contribute to plant signaling. Altogether, the family of plant lectins is highly complex with an enormous diversity in biochemical properties and activities.
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Abstract
The biogenesis and functionality of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are critical for robust plant immune responses. Here, we present methods to determine the N-glycosylation state and ligand-induced activity of these receptors for comparative quantitative analysis. These techniques can be used to identify mutants and chemical inhibitors affecting PRR biogenesis and functionality. When combined, these techniques can provide useful insights on biological processes necessary to synthesize a properly membrane-localized and ligand-responsive PRR.
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Veit C, König J, Altmann F, Strasser R. Processing of the Terminal Alpha-1,2-Linked Mannose Residues From Oligomannosidic N-Glycans Is Critical for Proper Root Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1807. [PMID: 30574158 PMCID: PMC6291467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is an essential protein modification that plays roles in many diverse biological processes including protein folding, quality control and protein interactions. Despite recent advances in characterization of the N-glycosylation and N-glycan processing machinery our understanding of N-glycosylation related processes in plant development is limited. In Arabidopsis thaliana, failure of mannose trimming from oligomannosidic N-glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cis/medial-Golgi leads to a defect in root development in the mns123 triple mutant. Here, we show that the severe root phenotype of mns123 is restored in asparagine-linked glycosylation (ALG)-deficient plants with distinct defects in the biosynthesis of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor. The root growth of these ALG-deficient plants is not affected by the α-mannosidase inhibitor kifunensine. Genetic evidence shows that the defect is uncoupled from the glycan-dependent ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway that removes misfolded glycoproteins with oligomannosidic N-glycans from the ER. Restoration of mannose trimming using a trans-Golgi targeted α-mannosidase suppresses the defect of mns123 roots. These data suggest that processing of terminal mannose residues from oligomannosidic N-glycans is important for an unknown late-Golgi or post-Golgi process that is implicated in proper root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Veit
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia König
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Richard Strasser,
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von Schaewen A, Jeong IS, Rips S, Fukudome A, Tolley J, Nagashima Y, Fischer K, Kaulfuerst-Soboll H, Koiwa H. Improved recombinant protein production in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1486149. [PMID: 29932798 PMCID: PMC6110358 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1486149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Production and isolation of recombinant proteins are key steps in modern Molecular Biology. Expression vectors and platforms for various hosts, including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, have been used. In basic plant research, Arabidopsis thaliana is the central model for which a wealth of genetic and genomic resources is available, and enormous knowledge has been accumulated over the past years - especially since elucidation of its genome in 2000. However, until recently an Arabidopsis platform had been lacking for preparative-scale production of homologous recombinant proteins. We recently established an Arabidopsis-based super-expression system, and used it for a structural pilot study of a multi-subunit integral membrane protein complex. This review summarizes the benefits and further potential of the model plant system for protein productions. ABBREVIATIONS Nb, Nicotiana benthamiana; OT, oligosaccharyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. von Schaewen
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen; Institut für Biologie & Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - I. S. Jeong
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center; Department of Horticultural Sciences; and Molecular and Environmental Plant Science Program, Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Creative Convergence Engineering, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - S. Rips
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen; Institut für Biologie & Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A. Fukudome
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center; Department of Horticultural Sciences; and Molecular and Environmental Plant Science Program, Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, USA
| | - J. Tolley
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center; Department of Horticultural Sciences; and Molecular and Environmental Plant Science Program, Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Y. Nagashima
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center; Department of Horticultural Sciences; and Molecular and Environmental Plant Science Program, Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, USA
| | - K. Fischer
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen; Institut für Biologie & Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H. Kaulfuerst-Soboll
- Molekulare Physiologie der Pflanzen; Institut für Biologie & Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H. Koiwa
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center; Department of Horticultural Sciences; and Molecular and Environmental Plant Science Program, Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, USA
- CONTACT Hisashi Koiwa
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Assanga SO, Fuentealba M, Zhang G, Tan C, Dhakal S, Rudd JC, Ibrahim AMH, Xue Q, Haley S, Chen J, Chao S, Baker J, Jessup K, Liu S. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for grain yield and its components in a US popular winter wheat TAM 111 using 90K SNPs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189669. [PMID: 29267314 PMCID: PMC5739412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) are important for deployment in marker assisted selection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other crops. We reported QTL discovery in wheat using a population of 217 recombinant inbred lines and multiple statistical approach including multi-environment, multi-trait and epistatic interactions analysis. We detected nine consistent QTL linked to different traits on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B and 7A. Grain yield QTL were detected on chromosomes 2B.1 and 5B across three or four models of GenStat, MapQTL, and QTLNetwork while the QTL on chromosomes 5A.1, 6A.2, and 7A.1 were only significant with yield from one or two models. The phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by the QTL on 2B.1 ranged from 3.3–25.1% based on single and multi-environment models in GenStat and was pleiotropic or co-located with maturity (days to heading) and yield related traits (test weight, thousand kernel weight, harvest index). The QTL on 5B at 211 cM had PVE range of 1.8–9.3% and had no significant pleiotropic effects. Other consistent QTL detected in this study were linked to yield related traits and agronomic traits. The QTL on 1A was consistent for the number of spikes m-2 across environments and all the four analysis models with a PVE range of 5.8–8.6%. QTL for kernels spike-1 were found in chromosomes 1A, 2A.1, 2B.1, 6A.2, and 7A.1 with PVE ranged from 5.6–12.8% while QTL for thousand kernel weight were located on chromosomes 1A, 2B.1, 5A.1, 6A.2, 6B.1 and 7A.1 with PVEranged from 2.7–19.5%. Among the consistent QTL, five QTL had significant epistatic interactions (additive × additive) at least for one trait and none revealed significant additive × additive × environment interactions. Comparative analysis revealed that the region within the confidence interval of the QTL on 5B from 211.4–244.2 cM is also linked to genes for aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, splicing regulatory glutamine/lysine-rich protein 1 isoform X1, and UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase 1-like isoform X1. The stable QTL could be important for further validation, high throughput SNP development, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano O Assanga
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Fuentealba
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, Kansas, United States of America
| | - ChorTee Tan
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Smit Dhakal
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jackie C Rudd
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amir M H Ibrahim
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qingwu Xue
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott Haley
- Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jianli Chen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho Aberdeen Research and Extension Center, Aberdeen, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Shiaoman Chao
- USDAARS Bioscience Research Laboratory, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jason Baker
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kirk Jessup
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, Texas, United States of America
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Bu TT, Shen J, Chao Q, Shen Z, Yan Z, Zheng HY, Wang BC. Dynamic N-glycoproteome analysis of maize seedling leaves during de-etiolation using Concanavalin A lectin affinity chromatography and a nano-LC-MS/MS-based iTRAQ approach. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1943-1958. [PMID: 28942497 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of N -glycosylated proteins with information about changes in the level of N -glycosylation during de-etiolation provides a database that will aid further research on plant N -glycosylation and de-etiolation. N-glycosylation is one of the most prominent and abundant protein post-translational modifications in all eukaryotes and in plants it plays important roles in development, stress tolerance and immune responses. Because light-induced de-etiolation is one of the most dramatic developmental processes known in plants, seedlings undergoing de-etiolation are an excellent model for investigating dynamic proteomic profiles. Here, we present a comprehensive, quantitative N-glycoproteomic profile of maize seedlings undergoing 12 h of de-etiolation obtained using Concanavalin A (Con A) lectin affinity chromatography enrichment coupled with a nano-LC-MS/MS-based iTRAQ approach. In total, 1084 unique N-glycopeptides carrying 909 N-glycosylation sites and corresponding to 609 proteins were identified and quantified, including 186 N-glycosylation sites from 162 proteins that were significantly regulated over the course of the 12 h de-etiolation period. Based on hierarchical clustering analysis, the significantly regulated N-glycopeptides were divided into seven clusters that showed different N-glycosylation patterns during de-etiolation. We found no obvious difference in the enriched MapMan bincode categories for each cluster, and these clustered significantly regulated N-glycoproteins (SRNPs) are enriched in miscellaneous, protein, cell wall and signaling, indicating that although the N-glycosylation regulation patterns of these SRNPs might differ, they are involved in similar biological processes. Overall, this study represents the first large-scale quantitative N-glycoproteome of the model C4 plant, maize, which is one of the most important cereal and biofuel crops. Our results greatly expand the maize N-glycoproteomic database and also shed light on the potential roles of N-glycosylation modification during the greening of maize leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Bu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qing Chao
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zheng
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert-Wood Johnson Medical School-Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Bai-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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48
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Pfrengle F. Synthetic plant glycans. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 40:145-151. [PMID: 29024888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For more than a century the primary carbon source for the production of fuels, chemicals and many materials has been fossil resources. Recently, plant polysaccharides from non-food biomass have emerged as a promising renewable alternative that may displace a significant fraction of petroleum-derived products. As a food source, plant polysaccharides can provide beneficial effects on the human immune system in the form of dietary fiber. Despite the strong impact of plant glycans on society and human health, their chemical synthesis remains largely unexplored compared to the synthesis of mammalian and bacterial glycans. Synthetic glycans such as described in this review provide an important toolbox for studying the role of carbohydrates in plant biology and their interaction with human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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49
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Takaiwa F, Wakasa Y, Hayashi S, Kawakatsu T. An overview on the strategies to exploit rice endosperm as production platform for biopharmaceuticals. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:201-209. [PMID: 28818376 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cereal seed has been utilized as production platform for high-value biopharmaceutical proteins. Especially, protein bodies (PBs) in seeds are not only natural specialized storage organs of seed storage proteins (SSPs), but also suitable intracellular deposition compartment for recombinant proteins. When various recombinant proteins were produced as secretory proteins by attaching N terminal ER signal peptide and C terminal KDEL endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal or as fusion proteins with SSPs, high amounts of recombinant proteins can be predominantly accumulated in the PBs. Recombinant proteins bioencapsulated in PBs exhibit high resistance to digestive enzymes in gastrointestinal tract than other intracellular compartments and are highly stable at ambient temperature, thus allowing oral administration of PBs containing recombinant proteins as oral drugs or functional nutrients in cost-effective minimum processed formulation. In this review, we would like to address key factors determining accumulation levels of recombinant proteins in PBs. Understanding of bottle neck parts and improvement of specific deposition to PBs result in much higher levels of production of high quality recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shimpei Hayashi
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Taiji Kawakatsu
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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50
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Rips S, Frank M, Elting A, Offenborn JN, von Schaewen A. Golgi α1,4-fucosyltransferase of Arabidopsis thaliana partially localizes at the nuclear envelope. Traffic 2017; 18:646-657. [PMID: 28753226 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed plant-derived α1,4-fucosyltransferase (FucTc) homologs by reporter fusions and focused on representatives of the Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. Arabidopsis thaliana AtFucTc-green fluorescent protein (GFP) or tomato LeFucTc-GFP restored Lewis-a formation in a fuctc mutant, confirming functionality in the trans-Golgi. AtFucTc-GFP partly accumulated at the nuclear envelope (NE) not observed for other homologs or truncated AtFucTc lacking the N-terminus or catalytic domain. Analysis of At/LeFucTc-GFP swap constructs with exchanged cytosolic, transmembrane and stalk (CTS), or only the CT regions, revealed that sorting information resides in the membrane anchor. Other domains of AtFuctc also contribute, since amino-acid changes in the CT region strongly reduced but did not abolish NE localization. By contrast, two N-terminal GFP copies did, indicating localization at the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Tunicamycin treatment of AtFucTc-GFP abolished NE localization and enhanced overlap with an endosomal marker, suggesting involvement of N-glycosylation. Yet neither expression in protoplasts of Arabidopsis N-glycosylation mutants nor elimination of the N-glycosylation site in AtFucTc prevented perinuclear accumulation. Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport by co-expression of Sar1(H74L) trapped tunicamycin-released AtFucTc-GFP in the ER, however, without NE localization. Since recovery after tunicamycin-washout required de novo-protein synthesis, our analyses suggest that AtFucTc localizes to the NE/INM due to interaction with an unknown (glyco)protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Rips
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Frank
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Annegret Elting
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Offenborn
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Institute of Plant Biology & Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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