1
|
Prunus Knotted-like Genes: Genome-Wide Analysis, Transcriptional Response to Cytokinin in Micropropagation, and Rootstock Transformation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033046. [PMID: 36769369 PMCID: PMC9918302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Knotted1-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors are involved in plant development, playing complex roles in aerial organs. As Prunus species include important fruit tree crops of Italy, an exhaustive investigation of KNOX genes was performed using genomic and RNA-seq meta-analyses. Micropropagation is an essential technology for rootstock multiplication; hence, we investigated KNOX transcriptional behavior upon increasing 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) doses and the effects on GF677 propagules. Moreover, gene function in Prunus spp. was assessed by Gisela 6 rootstock transformation using fluorescence and peach KNOX transgenes. Based on ten Prunus spp., KNOX proteins fit into I-II-M classes named after Arabidopsis. Gene number, class member distribution, and chromosome positions were maintained, and exceptions supported the diversification of Prunus from Cerasus subgenera, and that of Armeniaca from the other sections within Prunus. Cytokinin (CK) cis-elements occurred in peach and almond KNOX promoters, suggesting a BA regulatory role in GF677 shoot multiplication as confirmed by KNOX expression variation dependent on dose, time, and interaction. The tripled BA concentration exacerbated stress, altered CK perception genes, and modified KNOX transcriptions, which are proposed to concur in in vitro anomalies. Finally, Gisela 6 transformation efficiency varied (2.6-0.6%) with the genetic construct, with 35S:GFP being more stable than 35S:KNOPE1 lines, which showed leaf modification typical of KNOX overexpression.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gouesbet G. Deciphering Macromolecular Interactions Involved in Abiotic Stress Signaling: A Review of Bioinformatics Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2642:257-294. [PMID: 36944884 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3044-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant functioning and responses to abiotic stresses largely involve regulations at the transcriptomic level via complex interactions of signal molecules, signaling cascades, and regulators. Nevertheless, all the signaling networks involved in responses to abiotic stresses have not yet been fully established. The in-depth analysis of transcriptomes in stressed plants has become a relevant state-of-the-art methodology to study these regulations and signaling pathways that allow plants to cope with or attempt to survive abiotic stresses. The plant science and molecular biology community has developed databases about genes, proteins, protein-protein interactions, protein-DNA interactions and ontologies, which are valuable sources of knowledge for deciphering such regulatory and signaling networks. The use of these data and the development of bioinformatics tools help to make sense of transcriptomic data in specific contexts, such as that of abiotic stress signaling, using functional biological approaches. The aim of this chapter is to present and assess some of the essential online tools and resources that will allow novices in bioinformatics to decipher transcriptomic data in order to characterize the cellular processes and functions involved in abiotic stress responses and signaling. The analysis of case studies further describes how these tools can be used to conceive signaling networks on the basis of transcriptomic data. In these case studies, particular attention was paid to the characterization of abiotic stress responses and signaling related to chemical and xenobiotic stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenola Gouesbet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pavlů J, Kerchev P, Černý M, Novák J, Berka M, Jobe TO, López Ramos JM, Saiz-Fernández I, Rashotte AM, Kopriva S, Brzobohatý B. Cytokinin modulates the metabolic network of sulfur and glutathione. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7417-7433. [PMID: 36226742 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin is implicated in a range of growth, developmental, and defense processes. A growing body of evidence supports a crosstalk between cytokinin and nutrient signaling pathways, such as nitrate availability. Cytokinin signaling regulates sulfur-responsive gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and their impact on sulfur-containing metabolites have not been systematically explored. Using a combination of genetic and pharmacological tools, we investigated the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. Exogenous cytokinin triggered sulfur starvation-like gene expression accompanied by a decrease in sulfate and glutathione content. This process was uncoupled from the activity of the major transcriptional regulator of sulfate starvation signaling SULFUR LIMITATION 1 and an important glutathione-degrading enzyme, γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase 2;1, expression of which was robustly up-regulated by cytokinin. Conversely, glutathione accumulation was observed in mutants lacking the cytokinin receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 3 and in cytokinin-deficient plants. Cytokinin-deficient plants displayed improved root growth upon exposure to glutathione-depleting chemicals which was attributed to a higher capacity to maintain glutathione levels. These results shed new light on the interplay between cytokinin signaling and sulfur homeostasis. They position cytokinin as an important modulator of sulfur uptake, assimilation, and remobilization in plant defense against xenobiotics and root growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pavlů
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Berka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy O Jobe
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - José Maria López Ramos
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron Michael Rashotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan AR, Mustafa A, Hyder S, Valipour M, Rizvi ZF, Gondal AS, Yousuf Z, Iqbal R, Daraz U. Bacillus spp. as Bioagents: Uses and Application for Sustainable Agriculture. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121763. [PMID: 36552272 PMCID: PMC9775066 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food security will be a substantial issue in the near future due to the expeditiously growing global population. The current trend in the agriculture industry entails the extravagant use of synthesized pesticides and fertilizers, making sustainability a difficult challenge. Land degradation, lower production, and vulnerability to both abiotic and biotic stresses are problems caused by the usage of these pesticides and fertilizers. The major goal of sustainable agriculture is to ameliorate productivity and reduce pests and disease prevalence to such a degree that prevents large-scale damage to crops. Agriculture is a composite interrelation among plants, microbes, and soil. Plant microbes play a major role in growth promotion and improve soil fertility as well. Bacillus spp. produces an extensive range of bio-chemicals that assist in plant disease control, promote plant development, and make them suitable for agricultural uses. Bacillus spp. support plant growth by N fixation, P and K solubilization, and phytohormone synthesis, in addition to being the most propitious biocontrol agent. Moreover, Bacilli excrete extracellular metabolites, including antibiotics, lytic enzymes, and siderophores, and demonstrate antagonistic activity against phytopathogens. Bacillus spp. boosts plant resistance toward pathogens by inducing systemic resistance (ISR). The most effective microbial insecticide against insects and pests in agriculture is Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Additionally, the incorporation of toxin genes in genetically modified crops increases resistance to insects and pests. There is a constant increase in the identified Bacillus species as potential biocontrol agents. Moreover, they have been involved in the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The main objective of this review article is to display the uses and application of Bacillus specie as a promising biopesticide in sustainable agriculture. Bacillus spp. strains that are antagonistic and promote plant yield attributes could be valuable in developing novel formulations to lead the way toward sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Razzaq Khan
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Adeena Mustafa
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (M.V.)
| | - Mohammad Valipour
- Department of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
- Correspondence: (S.H.); (M.V.)
| | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Shahzad Gondal
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousuf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Umar Daraz
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystem, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blume R, Yemets A, Korkhovyi V, Radchuk V, Rakhmetov D, Blume Y. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ( ckx) gene family in finger millet ( Eleusine coracana). Front Genet 2022; 13:963789. [PMID: 36299586 PMCID: PMC9589517 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.963789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin dehydrogenase/oxidase (CKX) enzymes play a key role in regulating cytokinin (CK) levels in plants by degrading the excess of this phytohormone. CKX genes have proven an attractive target for genetic engineering, as their silencing boosts cytokinin accumulation in various tissues, thereby contributing to a rapid increase in biomass and overall plant productivity. We previously reported a similar effect in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) somaclonal lines, caused by downregulation of EcCKX1 and EcCKX2. However, the CKX gene family has numerous representatives, especially in allopolyploid crop species, such as E. coracana. To date, the entire CKX gene family of E. coracana and its related species has not been characterized. We offer here, for the first time, a comprehensive genome-wide identification and analysis of a panel of CKX genes in finger millet. The functional genes identified in the E. coracana genome are compared with the previously-identified genes, EcCKX1 and EcCKX2. Exon-intron structural analysis and motif analysis of FAD- and CK-binding domains are performed. The phylogeny of the EcCKX genes suggests that CKX genes are divided into several distinct groups, corresponding to certain isotypes. Finally, the phenotypic effect of EcCKX1 and EcCKX2 in partially silencing the SE7 somaclonal line is investigated, showing that lines deficient in CKX-expression demonstrate increased grain yield and greater bushiness, enhanced biomass accumulation, and a shorter vegetation cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Blume
- Department of Population Genetics, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,*Correspondence: Rostyslav Blume,
| | - Alla Yemets
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Korkhovyi
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Radchuk
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Dzhamal Rakhmetov
- M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Blume
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leite Montalvão AP, Kersten B, Kim G, Fladung M, Müller NA. ARR17 controls dioecy in Populus by repressing B-class MADS-box gene expression. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210217. [PMID: 35306887 PMCID: PMC8935312 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of dioecious species for which the genetic basis of sex determination has been resolved is rapidly increasing. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms downstream of the sex determinants remain largely elusive. Here, by RNA-sequencing early-flowering isogenic aspen (Populus tremula) lines differing exclusively for the sex switch gene ARR17, we show that a narrowly defined genetic network controls differential development of female and male flowers. Although ARR17 encodes a type-A response regulator supposedly involved in cytokinin (CK) hormone signalling, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9-mediated arr17 knockout only affected the expression of a strikingly small number of genes, indicating a specific role in the regulation of floral development rather than a generic function in hormone signalling. Notably, the UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) gene, encoding an F-box protein acting as a transcriptional cofactor with LEAFY (LFY) to activate B-class MADS-box gene expression, and the B-class gene PISTILLATA (PI), necessary for male floral organ development, were strongly de-repressed in the arr17 CRISPR mutants. Our data highlight a CK-independent role of the poplar response regulator ARR17 and further emphasize the minimal differences between female and male individuals. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sex determination and sex chromosome evolution in land plants'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Leite Montalvão
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Kersten
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Gihwan Kim
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Niels A Müller
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstrasse 2, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diverse Effect of Two Cytokinins, Kinetin and Benzyladenine, on Plant Development, Biotic Stress Tolerance, and Gene Expression. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121404. [PMID: 34947935 PMCID: PMC8706806 DOI: 10.3390/life11121404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormones cytokinins affect a various array of plant growth and development processes as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the opposite effect of two different cytokinins kinetin (N6-furfuryladenine) and benzyladenine (BA) on development and on the tolerance of Arabidopsis and tobacco plants to virus, bacteria, and fungi infection was reported. Treatments of Arabidopsis and tobacco seedlings with saturated solutions of BA inhibited plant progress, while treatments with saturated water solution of kinetin promoted plant development. Furthermore, BA pre-treatments strongly reduced the number of TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus) lesions on tobacco and the tissue damage caused by the incompatible Pseudomonas bacteria on Arabidopsis and tobacco leaves. Similarly, BA pre-treatment significantly reduced the necrotic disease symptoms of Botrytis cinerea infection. Kinetin pre-treatments had a much weaker or no protective effect on the damage caused by the above pathogens. Accordingly, Arabidopsis gene expression profiles after treatments also showed that the two cytokinins have different effects on several plant processes. The gene expression results supported the more robust effect of BA, which up and downregulated more than 2000 genes, while only 436 genes were influenced by kinetin treatment. It is noteworthy that BA and kinetin treatment changed gene expressions in the same direction only in a relatively few cases (73 upregulated and 70 downregulated genes), and even 28 genes were regulated into the opposite directions by BA and kinetin. Both treatments had a strong effect on auxin and gibberellin-related genes, but only BA had a significant effect on cytokinin-induced processes. While kinetin exclusively activated the flavonoid synthesis genes, BA affected more significantly protein synthesis, photosynthesis, and plant defence-related genes. In conclusion, BA solution had sometimes the opposite and generally a much stronger effect than kinetin solution not only on the development and on biotic stress tolerance of tobacco and Arabidopsis plants but also on the gene expressions. The stronger protective effect of BA to necrotic stresses is probably due to its stronger senescence inhibitory effect on plant tissues, as supported by the stronger chlorophyll retardation of the BA-treated leaves.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fàbregas N, Fernie AR. The interface of central metabolism with hormone signaling in plants. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R1535-R1548. [PMID: 34875246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amongst the myriad of metabolites produced by plants, primary metabolites and hormones play crucial housekeeping roles in the cell and are essential for proper plant growth and development. While the biosynthetic pathways of primary metabolism are well characterized, those of hormones are yet to be completely defined. Central metabolism provides precursors for hormone biosynthesis and the regulation and function of primary metabolites and hormones are tightly entwined. The combination of reverse genetics and technological advances in our ability to evaluate the levels of the molecular entities of the cell (transcripts, proteins and metabolites) has led to considerable improvements in our understanding of both the regulatory interaction between primary metabolites and hormones and its coordination in response to different conditions. Here, we provide an overview of the interaction of primary and hormone metabolism at the metabolic and signaling levels, as well as a perspective regarding the tools that can be used to tackle our current knowledge gaps at the signaling level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Polko JK, Potter KC, Burr CA, Schaller GE, Kieber JJ. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies of cytokinin-treated rice roots defines a core set of cytokinin response genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1387-1402. [PMID: 34165836 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins regulate diverse aspects of plant growth and development, primarily through modulation of gene expression. The cytokinin-responsive transcriptome has been thoroughly described in dicots, especially Arabidopsis, but much less so in monocots. Here, we present a meta-analysis of five different transcriptomic analyses of rice (Oryza sativa) roots treated with cytokinin, including three previously unpublished experiments. We developed a treatment method in which hormone is added to the media of rice seedlings grown in sterile hydroponic culture under a continuous airflow, which resulted in minimal perturbation of the seedlings, thus greatly reducing changes in gene expression in the absence of exogenous hormone. We defined a core set of 205 upregulated and 86 downregulated genes that were differentially expressed in at least three of the transcriptomic datasets. This core set includes genes encoding the type-A response regulators (RRs) and cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases, which have been shown to be primary cytokinin response genes. GO analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were enriched for terms related to cytokinin/hormone signaling and metabolism, while the downregulated genes were significantly enriched for genes encoding transporters. Variations of type-B RR binding motifs were significantly enriched in the promoters of the upregulated genes, as were binding sites for other potential partner transcription factors. The promoters of the downregulated genes were generally enriched for distinct cis-acting motifs and did not include the type-B RR binding motif. This analysis provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying cytokinin action in a monocot and provides a useful foundation for future studies of this hormone in rice and other cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Polko
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kevin C Potter
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christian A Burr
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leuendorf JE, Schmülling T. Meeting at the DNA: Specifying Cytokinin Responses through Transcription Factor Complex Formation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10071458. [PMID: 34371661 PMCID: PMC8309282 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin is a plant hormone regulating numerous biological processes. Its diverse functions are realized through the expression control of specific target genes. The transcription of the immediate early cytokinin target genes is regulated by type-B response regulator proteins (RRBs), which are transcription factors (TFs) of the Myb family. RRB activity is controlled by phosphorylation and protein degradation. Here, we focus on another step of regulation, the interaction of RRBs among each other or with other TFs to form active or repressive TF complexes. Several examples in Arabidopsis thaliana illustrate that RRBs form homodimers or complexes with other TFs to specify the cytokinin response. This increases the variability of the output response and provides opportunities of crosstalk between the cytokinin signaling pathway and other cellular signaling pathways. We propose that a targeted approach is required to uncover the full extent and impact of RRB interaction with other TFs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hnatuszko-Konka K, Gerszberg A, Weremczuk-Jeżyna I, Grzegorczyk-Karolak I. Cytokinin Signaling and De Novo Shoot Organogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:265. [PMID: 33673064 PMCID: PMC7917986 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to restore or replace injured tissues can be undoubtedly named among the most spectacular achievements of plant organisms. One of such regeneration pathways is organogenesis, the formation of individual organs from nonmeristematic tissue sections. The process can be triggered in vitro by incubation on medium supplemented with phytohormones. Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones demonstrating pleiotropic effects and a powerful network of molecular interactions. The present study reviews existing knowledge on the possible sequence of molecular and genetic events behind de novo shoot organogenesis initiated by cytokinins. Overall, the review aims to collect reactions encompassed by cytokinin primary responses, starting from phytohormone perception by the dedicated receptors, to transcriptional reprogramming of cell fate by the last module of multistep-phosphorelays. It also includes a brief reminder of other control mechanisms, such as epigenetic reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Aneta Gerszberg
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (I.W.-J.); (I.G.-K.)
| | - Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (I.W.-J.); (I.G.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Skalak J, Nicolas KL, Vankova R, Hejatko J. Signal Integration in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses via Multistep Phosphorelay Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644823. [PMID: 33679861 PMCID: PMC7925916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing in any particular geographical location are exposed to variable and diverse environmental conditions throughout their lifespan. The multifactorial environmental pressure resulted into evolution of plant adaptation and survival strategies requiring ability to integrate multiple signals that combine to yield specific responses. These adaptive responses enable plants to maintain their growth and development while acquiring tolerance to a variety of environmental conditions. An essential signaling cascade that incorporates a wide range of exogenous as well as endogenous stimuli is multistep phosphorelay (MSP). MSP mediates the signaling of essential plant hormones that balance growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which specific signals are recognized by a commonly-occurring pathway are not yet clearly understood. Here we summarize our knowledge on the latest model of multistep phosphorelay signaling in plants and the molecular mechanisms underlying the integration of multiple inputs including both hormonal (cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid) and environmental (light and temperature) signals into a common pathway. We provide an overview of abiotic stress responses mediated via MSP signaling that are both hormone-dependent and independent. We highlight the mutual interactions of key players such as sensor kinases of various substrate specificities including their downstream targets. These constitute a tightly interconnected signaling network, enabling timely adaptation by the plant to an ever-changing environment. Finally, we propose possible future directions in stress-oriented research on MSP signaling and highlight its potential importance for targeted crop breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skalak
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Katrina Leslie Nicolas
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Hejatko
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Hejatko,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lomin SN, Myakushina YA, Kolachevskaya OO, Getman IA, Savelieva EM, Arkhipov DV, Deigraf SV, Romanov GA. Global View on the Cytokinin Regulatory System in Potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:613624. [PMID: 33408733 PMCID: PMC7779595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.613624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) were earlier shown to promote potato tuberization. Our study aimed to identify and characterize CK-related genes which constitute CK regulatory system in the core potato (Solanum tuberosum) genome. For that, CK-related genes were retrieved from the sequenced genome of the S. tuberosum doubled monoploid (DM) Phureja group, classified and compared with Arabidopsis orthologs. Analysis of selected gene expression was performed with a transcriptome database for the S. tuberosum heterozygous diploid line RH89-039-16. Genes responsible for CK signaling, biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism were categorized in an organ-specific fashion. According to this database, CK receptors StHK2/3 predominate in leaves and flowers, StHK4 in roots. Among phosphotransmitters, StHP1a expression largely predominates. Surprisingly, two pseudo-phosphotransmitters intended to suppress CK effects are hardly expressed in studied organs. Among B-type RR genes, StRR1b, StRR11, and StRR18a are actively expressed, with StRR1b expressing most uniformly in all organs and StRR11 exhibiting the highest expression in roots. By cluster analysis four types of prevailing CK-signaling chains were identified in (1) leaves and flowers, StHK2/3→S t H P1a→StRR1b/+; (2) shoot apical meristems, stolons, and mature tubers, StHK2/4→S t H P1a→StRR1b/+; (3) stems and young tubers, StHK2/4→S t H P1a→StRR1b/11/18a; and (4) roots and tuber sprouts, StHK4→S t H P1a→StRR11/18a. CK synthesis genes StIPT3/5 and StCYP735A are expressed mainly in roots followed by tuber sprouts, but rather weakly in stolons and tubers. By contrast, CK-activation genes StLOGs are active in stolons, and StLOG3b expression is even stolon-confined. Apparently, the main CK effects on tuber initiation are realized via activity of StLOG1/3a/3b/7c/8a genes in stolons. Current advances and future directions in potato research are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cytokinin-Regulated Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana PAP Genes and Its Implication for the Expression of Chloroplast-Encoded Genes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121658. [PMID: 33322466 PMCID: PMC7764210 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are known to regulate the biogenesis of chloroplasts under changing environmental conditions and at different stages of plant ontogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Apparently, the mechanisms can be duplicated in several ways, including the influence of nuclear genes that determine the expression of plastome through the two-component CK regulatory circuit. In this study, we evaluated the role of cytokinins and CK signaling pathway on the expression of nuclear genes for plastid RNA polymerase-associated proteins (PAPs). Cytokinin induced the expression of all twelve Arabidopsis thalianaPAP genes irrespective of their functions via canonical CK signaling pathway but this regulation might be indirect taking into consideration their different functions and versatile structure of promoter regions. The disruption of PAP genes contributed to the abolishment of positive CK effect on the accumulation of the chloroplast gene transcripts and transcripts of the nuclear genes for plastid transcription machinery as can be judged from the analysis of pap1 and pap6 mutants. However, the CK regulatory circuit in the mutants remained practically unperturbed. Knock-out of PAP genes resulted in cytokinin overproduction as a consequence of the strong up-regulation of the genes for CK synthesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abuelsoud W, Cortleven A, Schmülling T. Photoperiod stress induces an oxidative burst-like response and is associated with increased apoplastic peroxidase and decreased catalase activities. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 253:153252. [PMID: 32949889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodic changes of light and dark regulate numerous processes in plants. Recently, a novel type of stress caused by an extended light period has been described in Arabidopsis thaliana and was named photoperiod stress. Although photoperiod stress causes the induction of numerous stress response genes of which many are indicators of oxidative stress, the exact timing and mechanisms involved in dealing with this stress have not yet been investigated. We describe the response of the cellular redox system in wild-type Arabidopsis, the photoperiod stress sensitive cytokinin receptor mutant ahk2 ahk3 and the clock mutant cca1 lhy. Photoperiod stress caused several changes in the ROS scavenging system including a reduction of the ascorbic acid (AsA) redox status and strong peroxide formation during the night following the extended photoperiod. The changes were associated with reduced catalase (CAT) and increased apoplastic peroxidase (PRX) activities. Consistently, the expression of the apoplastic PRX genes PRX4, PRX33, PRX34 and PRX71 was strongly induced by photoperiod stress. We show that extending the light period by only few hours causes a stress response during the following night suggesting that the photoperiod stress response might occur in a natural setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abuelsoud
- Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology, Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Vries J, de Vries S, Curtis BA, Zhou H, Penny S, Feussner K, Pinto DM, Steinert M, Cohen AM, von Schwartzenberg K, Archibald JM. Heat stress response in the closest algal relatives of land plants reveals conserved stress signaling circuits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1025-1048. [PMID: 32333477 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
All land plants (embryophytes) share a common ancestor that likely evolved from a filamentous freshwater alga. Elucidating the transition from algae to embryophytes - and the eventual conquering of Earth's surface - is one of the most fundamental questions in plant evolutionary biology. Here, we investigated one of the organismal properties that might have enabled this transition: resistance to drastic temperature shifts. We explored the effect of heat stress in Mougeotia and Spirogyra, two representatives of Zygnematophyceae - the closest known algal sister lineage to land plants. Heat stress induced pronounced phenotypic alterations in their plastids, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy-based profiling of 565 transitions for the analysis of main central metabolites revealed significant shifts in 43 compounds. We also analyzed the global differential gene expression responses triggered by heat, generating 92.8 Gbp of sequence data and assembling a combined set of 8905 well-expressed genes. Each organism had its own distinct gene expression profile; less than one-half of their shared genes showed concordant gene expression trends. We nevertheless detected common signature responses to heat such as elevated transcript levels for molecular chaperones, thylakoid components, and - corroborating our metabolomic data - amino acid metabolism. We also uncovered the heat-stress responsiveness of genes for phosphorelay-based signal transduction that links environmental cues, calcium signatures and plastid biology. Our data allow us to infer the molecular heat stress response that the earliest land plants might have used when facing the rapidly shifting temperature conditions of the terrestrial habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bruce A Curtis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hong Zhou
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Devanand M Pinto
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alejandro M Cohen
- Biological Spectrometry Core Facility, Life Sciences Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Klaus von Schwartzenberg
- Microalgae and Zygnematophyceae Collection Hamburg (MZCH) and Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John M Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, 661 University Ave, Suite 505, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie L, Chen F, Du H, Zhang X, Wang X, Yao G, Xu B. Graphene oxide and indole-3-acetic acid cotreatment regulates the root growth of Brassica napus L. via multiple phytohormone pathways. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:101. [PMID: 32138661 PMCID: PMC7059361 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that graphene oxide (GO) could regulated Brassica napus L. root growth via abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). To study the mechanism and interaction between GO and IAA further, B. napus L (Zhongshuang No. 9) seedlings were treated with GO and IAA accordance with a two factor completely randomized design. RESULTS GO and IAA cotreatment significantly regulated the root length, number of adventitious roots, and contents of IAA, cytokinin (CTK) and ABA. Treatment with 25 mg/L GO alone or IAA (> 0.5 mg/L) inhibited root development. IAA cotreatment enhanced the inhibitory role of GO, and the inhibition was strengthened with increased in IAA concentration. GO treatments caused oxidative stress in the plants. The ABA and CTK contents decreased; however, the IAA and gibberellin (GA) contents first increased but then decreased with increasing IAA concentration when IAA was combined with GO compared with GO alone. The 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) transcript level strongly increased when the plants were treated with GO. However, the NCED transcript level and ABA concentration gradually decreased with increasing IAA concentration under GO and IAA cotreatment. GO treatments decreased the transcript abundance of steroid 5-alpha-reductase (DET2) and isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS), which are associated with brassinolide (BR) and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, but increased the transcript abundance of brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1), cam-binding protein 60-like G (CBP60) and calmodulin binding protein-like protein 1, which are associated with BR and SA biosynthesis. Last, GO treatment increased the transcript abundance of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 2 (ACS2), which is associated with the ethylene (ETH) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with 25 mg/L GO or IAA (> 0.5 mg/L) inhibited root development. However, IAA and GO cotreatment enhanced the inhibitory role of GO, and this inhibition was strengthened with increased IAA concentration. IAA is a key factor in the response of B. napus L to GO and the responses of B. napus to GO and IAA cotreatment involved in multiple pathways, including those involving ABA, IAA, GA, CTK, BR, SA. Specifically, GO and IAA cotreatment affected the GA content in the modulation of B. napus root growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, P.R. China
| | - Fan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, P.R. China
| | - Hewei Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, P.R. China
| | - Xuekun Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Hubei Provincial Seed Management Bureau, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guoxin Yao
- School of Life and Science Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei, 432000, P.R. China
| | - Benbo Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hošek P, Hoyerová K, Kiran NS, Dobrev PI, Zahajská L, Filepová R, Motyka V, Müller K, Kamínek M. Distinct metabolism of N-glucosides of isopentenyladenine and trans-zeatin determines cytokinin metabolic spectrum in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2423-2438. [PMID: 31682013 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of cytokinin (CK) metabolites suggests their interconversions are the predominant regulatory mechanism of CK action. Nevertheless, little is known about their directionality and kinetics in planta. CK metabolite levels were measured in 2-wk-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants at several time points up to 100 min following exogenous application of selected CKs. The data were then evaluated qualitatively and by mathematical modeling. Apart from elevated levels of trans-zeatin (tZ) metabolites upon application of N6 -(Δ2 -isopentenyl)adenine (iP), we observed no conversions between the individual CK-types - iP, tZ, dihydrozeatin (DHZ) and cis-zeatin (cZ). In particular, there was no sign of isomerization between tZ and cZ families. Also, no increase of DHZ-type CKs was observed after application of tZ, suggesting low baseline activity of zeatin reductase. Among N-glucosides, those of iP were not converted back to iP while tZ N-glucosides were cleaved to tZ bases, thus affecting the whole metabolic spectrum. We present the first large-scale study of short-term CK metabolism kinetics and show that tZ N7- and N9-glucosides are metabolized in vivo. We thus refute the generally accepted hypothesis that N-glucosylation irreversibly inactivates CKs. The subsequently constructed mathematical model provides estimates of the metabolic conversion rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Hošek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hoyerová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nagavalli S Kiran
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zahajská
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Motyka
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Müller
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kamínek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nardozza S, Cooney J, Boldingh HL, Hewitt KG, Trower T, Jones D, Thrimawithana AH, Allan AC, Richardson AC. Phytohormone and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Endogenous Cytokinins Affect Kiwifruit Growth under Restricted Carbon Supply. Metabolites 2020; 10:E23. [PMID: 31947989 PMCID: PMC7022440 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following cell division, fruit growth is characterized by both expansion through increases in cell volume and biomass accumulation in cells. Fruit growth is limited by carbon starvation; however, the mechanism controlling fruit growth under restricted carbohydrate supply is poorly understood. In a previous study using red-fleshed kiwifruit, we showed that long-term carbon starvation had detrimental effects on carbohydrate, anthocyanin metabolism, and fruit growth. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the reduction in fruit growth during kiwifruit development, we integrated phytohormone profiling with transcriptomic and developmental datasets for fruit under high or low carbohydrate supplies. Phytohormone profiling of the outer pericarp tissue of kiwifruit showed a 6-fold reduction in total cytokinin concentrations in carbon-starved fruit, whilst other hormones were less affected. Principal component analysis visualised that cytokinin composition was distinct between fruit at 16 weeks after mid bloom, based on their carbohydrate supply status. Cytokinin biosynthetic genes (IPT, CYP735A) were significantly downregulated under carbon starvation, in agreement with the metabolite data. Several genes that code for expansins, proteins involved in cell wall loosening, were also downregulated under carbon starvation. In contrast to other fleshy fruits, our results suggest that cytokinins not only promote cell division, but also drive fruit cell expansion and growth in kiwifruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardozza
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (D.J.); (A.H.T.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand; (J.C.); (H.L.B.); (K.G.H.); (T.T.)
| | - Helen L. Boldingh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand; (J.C.); (H.L.B.); (K.G.H.); (T.T.)
| | - Katrin G. Hewitt
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand; (J.C.); (H.L.B.); (K.G.H.); (T.T.)
| | - Tania Trower
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand; (J.C.); (H.L.B.); (K.G.H.); (T.T.)
| | - Dan Jones
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (D.J.); (A.H.T.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Amali H. Thrimawithana
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (D.J.); (A.H.T.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; (D.J.); (A.H.T.); (A.C.A.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Annette C. Richardson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), 0294 Kerikeri, New Zealand;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kroll CK, Brenner WG. Cytokinin Signaling Downstream of the His-Asp Phosphorelay Network: Cytokinin-Regulated Genes and Their Functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:604489. [PMID: 33329676 PMCID: PMC7718014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.604489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone cytokinin, existing in several molecular forms, is perceived by membrane-localized histidine kinases. The signal is transduced to transcription factors of the type-B response regulator family localized in the nucleus by a multi-step histidine-aspartate phosphorelay network employing histidine phosphotransmitters as shuttle proteins across the nuclear envelope. The type-B response regulators activate a number of primary response genes, some of which trigger in turn further signaling events and the expression of secondary response genes. Most genes activated in both rounds of transcription were identified with high confidence using different transcriptomic toolkits and meta analyses of multiple individual published datasets. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing knowledge about the primary and secondary cytokinin response genes in order to try connecting gene expression with the multitude of effects that cytokinin exerts within the plant body and throughout the lifespan of a plant.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zdarska M, Cuyacot AR, Tarr PT, Yamoune A, Szmitkowska A, Hrdinová V, Gelová Z, Meyerowitz EM, Hejátko J. ETR1 Integrates Response to Ethylene and Cytokinins into a Single Multistep Phosphorelay Pathway to Control Root Growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1338-1352. [PMID: 31176773 PMCID: PMC8040967 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins and ethylene control plant development via sensors from the histidine kinase (HK) family. However, downstream signaling pathways for the key phytohormones are distinct. Here we report that not only cytokinin but also ethylene is able to control root apical meristem (RAM) size through activation of the multistep phosphorelay (MSP) pathway. We found that both cytokinin and ethylene-dependent RAM shortening requires ethylene binding to ETR1 and the HK activity of ETR1. The receiver domain of ETR1 interacts with MSP signaling intermediates acting downstream of cytokinin receptors, further substantiating the role of ETR1 in MSP signaling. We revealed that both cytokinin and ethylene induce the MSP in similar and distinct cell types with ETR1-mediated ethylene signaling controlling MSP output specifically in the root transition zone. We identified members of the MSP pathway specific and common to both hormones and showed that ETR1-regulated ARR3 controls RAM size. ETR1-mediated MSP spatially differs from canonical CTR1/EIN2/EIN3 ethylene signaling and is independent of EIN2, indicating that both pathways can be spatially and functionally separated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that canonical ethylene signaling controls MSP responsiveness to cytokinin specifically in the root transition zone, presumably via regulation of ARR10, one of the positive regulators of MSP signaling in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Zdarska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Abigail Rubiato Cuyacot
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul T Tarr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Amel Yamoune
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Szmitkowska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hrdinová
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Gelová
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elliot M Meyerowitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jan Hejátko
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ameztoy K, Baslam M, Sánchez-López ÁM, Muñoz FJ, Bahaji A, Almagro G, García-Gómez P, Baroja-Fernández E, De Diego N, Humplík JF, Ugena L, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Kaneko K, Mitsui T, Cejudo FJ, Pozueta-Romero J. Plant responses to fungal volatiles involve global posttranslational thiol redox proteome changes that affect photosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2627-2644. [PMID: 31222760 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce volatile compounds (VCs) that promote plant growth and photosynthesis through complex mechanisms involving cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA). We hypothesized that plants' responses to microbial VCs involve posttranslational modifications of the thiol redox proteome through action of plastidial NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC), which regulates chloroplast redox status via its functional relationship with 2-Cys peroxiredoxins. To test this hypothesis, we analysed developmental, metabolic, hormonal, genetic, and redox proteomic responses of wild-type (WT) plants and a NTRC knockout mutant (ntrc) to VCs emitted by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata. Fungal VC-promoted growth, changes in root architecture, shifts in expression of VC-responsive CK- and ABA-regulated genes, and increases in photosynthetic capacity were substantially weaker in ntrc plants than in WT plants. As in WT plants, fungal VCs strongly promoted growth, chlorophyll accumulation, and photosynthesis in ntrc-Δ2cp plants with reduced 2-Cys peroxiredoxin expression. OxiTRAQ-based quantitative and site-specific redox proteomic analyses revealed that VCs promote global reduction of the thiol redox proteome (especially of photosynthesis-related proteins) of WT leaves but its oxidation in ntrc leaves. Our findings show that NTRC is an important mediator of plant responses to microbial VCs through mechanisms involving global thiol redox proteome changes that affect photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinia Ameztoy
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra, 31192, Spain
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra, 31192, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra, 31192, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra, 31192, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra, 31192, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra, 31192, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra, 31192, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Jan F Humplík
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lydia Ugena
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Kentaro Kaneko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Francisco Javier Cejudo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra, 31192, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Y, Zhang D, An N, Fan S, Zuo X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Gao C, Han M, Xing L. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory module of apple (Malus × domestica) floral transition in response to 6-BA. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 30841918 PMCID: PMC6402183 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient production of flower buds is an intractable problem in 'Fuji' apple orchards. Although cytokinin (CK) promotes flower bud formation in apple trees, little is known about the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon. RESULTS In the present study, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of 'Nagafu No. 2' buds was conducted to characterize the transcriptional response to 6-BA treatment during key period of floral transition. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the differentially expressed genes identified hormone signal transduction pathways, totaling 84 genes were highly correlated with the expression pattern of flowering-time genes. The up-regulation of CK signal components and a gibberellin (GA) signal repressor were found to contribute to the promotion of floral transition. In relative comparison to non-treated buds, a series of sugar metabolism- and signal- related genes were associated with relatively high levels of sucrose, fructose, and glucose during floral induction in the 6-BA treated buds. Several transcription factors (i.e. SPLs, SOC1, FD, and COL) that are involved in GA, aging, and photoperiod-regulated flowering pathways were also upregulated by the 6-BA treatment. In addition, potential transcription factors integrating CK signaling to trigger floral induction in apple were also assessed; including PHYTO-CHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF1,3), WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX3,13), and CK response regulators (ARR2). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides insight into the response of flowering and development-related pathways and transcription factors to 6-BA during the period of floral transition in apple. It extends our knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms associated with CK-regulated floral transition in apple trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Li
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Na An
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Sheng Fan
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Xiya Zuo
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Cai Gao
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Mingyu Han
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Libo Xing
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hönig M, Plíhalová L, Husičková A, Nisler J, Doležal K. Role of Cytokinins in Senescence, Antioxidant Defence and Photosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4045. [PMID: 30558142 PMCID: PMC6321018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins modulate a number of important developmental processes, including the last phase of leaf development, known as senescence, which is associated with chlorophyll breakdown, photosynthetic apparatus disintegration and oxidative damage. There is ample evidence that cytokinins can slow down all these senescence-accompanying changes. Here, we review relationships between the various mechanisms of action of these regulatory molecules. We highlight their connection to photosynthesis, the pivotal process that generates assimilates, however may also lead to oxidative damage. Thus, we also focus on cytokinin induction of protective responses against oxidative damage. Activation of antioxidative enzymes in senescing tissues is described as well as changes in the levels of naturally occurring antioxidative compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, in plant explants. The main goal of this review is to show how the biological activities of cytokinins may be related to their chemical structure. New links between molecular aspects of natural cytokinins and their synthetic derivatives with antisenescent properties are described. Structural motifs in cytokinin molecules that may explain why these molecules play such a significant regulatory role are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hönig
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandra Husičková
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Potter KC, Wang J, Schaller GE, Kieber JJ. Cytokinin modulates context-dependent chromatin accessibility through the type-B response regulators. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:1102-1111. [PMID: 30420712 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development, probably through context-dependent transcriptional regulation that relies on a dynamic interplay between regulatory proteins and chromatin. We employed the assay for transposase accessible chromatin with sequencing to profile changes in the chromatin landscape of Arabidopsis roots and shoots in response to cytokinin. Our results reveal differentially accessible chromatin regions indicative of dynamic regulation in response to cytokinin. These changes in chromatin occur preferentially upstream of cytokinin-regulated genes. The changes also largely overlap with binding sites for the type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS (ARRs), transcription factors that mediate the primary response to cytokinin. Furthermore, the type-B ARRs were found to be necessary for the changes in chromatin state in response to cytokinin. Last, we identified context-dependent responses by comparing root and shoot profiles. This study provides new insight into the dynamics between cytokinin and chromatin with regard to directing transcriptional programmes and how cytokinin mediates its pleiotropic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Potter
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Judy Wang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fukudome A, Koiwa H. Cytokinin-overinduced transcription factors and thalianol cluster genes in CARBOXYL-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 4-silenced Arabidopsis roots during de novo shoot organogenesis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1513299. [PMID: 30188775 PMCID: PMC6204838 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1513299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) is one of key phytohormones for de-differentiation and de novo organogenesis in plants. During the CK-mediated organogenesis not only genes in CK homeostasis, perception and signal transduction, but also factors regulating basic transcription, splicing and chromatin remodeling contribute to coordinate a sequence of events leading to formation of new organs. We have found that silencing of RNA polymerase II CTD-phosohatase-like 4 (CPL4RNAi) in Arabidopsis induces CK-oversensitive de novo shoot organogenesis (DNSO) from roots, partly by early activation of transcription factors such as WUSCHEL and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS during pre-incubation on callus induction media. Here we show that a cluster of thalianol-biogenesis genes is highly expressed in the CPL4RNAi during DNSO, implying involvement of CPL4 in transcriptional regulation of the thalianol pathway in DNSO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Fukudome
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bahaji A, Almagro G, Ezquer I, Gámez-Arcas S, Sánchez-López ÁM, Muñoz FJ, Barrio RJ, Sampedro MC, De Diego N, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Tarkowská D, Caporali E, Mendes MA, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Plastidial Phosphoglucose Isomerase Is an Important Determinant of Seed Yield through Its Involvement in Gibberellin-Mediated Reproductive Development and Storage Reserve Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2082-2098. [PMID: 30099384 PMCID: PMC6181017 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The plastid-localized phosphoglucose isomerase isoform PGI1 is an important determinant of growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, likely due to its involvement in the biosynthesis of plastidial isoprenoid-derived hormones. Here, we investigated whether PGI1 also influences seed yields. PGI1 is strongly expressed in maturing seed embryos and vascular tissues. PGI1-null pgi1-2 plants had ∼60% lower seed yields than wild-type plants, with reduced numbers of inflorescences and thus fewer siliques and seeds per plant. These traits were associated with low bioactive gibberellin (GA) contents. Accordingly, wild-type phenotypes were restored by exogenous GA application. pgi1-2 seeds were lighter and accumulated ∼50% less fatty acids (FAs) and ∼35% less protein than wild-type seeds. Seeds of cytokinin-deficient plants overexpressing CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE1 (35S:AtCKX1) and GA-deficient ga20ox1 ga20ox2 mutants did not accumulate low levels of FAs, and exogenous application of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine and GAs did not rescue the reduced weight and FA content of pgi1-2 seeds. Seeds from reciprocal crosses between pgi1-2 and wild-type plants accumulated wild-type levels of FAs and proteins. Therefore, PGI1 is an important determinant of Arabidopsis seed yield due to its involvement in two processes: GA-mediated reproductive development and the metabolic conversion of plastidial glucose-6-phosphate to storage reserves in the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Samuel Gámez-Arcas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | | | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Ramón José Barrio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - M Carmen Sampedro
- Central Service of Analysis of Alava, SGIker, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, E-01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabetta Caporali
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Adelina Mendes
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alberto D, Couée I, Pateyron S, Sulmon C, Gouesbet G. Low doses of triazine xenobiotics mobilize ABA and cytokinin regulations in a stress- and low-energy-dependent manner. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:8-22. [PMID: 30080643 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extent of residual contaminations of pesticides through drift, run-off and leaching is a potential threat to non-target plant communities. Arabidopsis thaliana responds to low doses of the herbicide atrazine, and of its degradation products, desethylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine, not only in the long term, but also under conditions of short-term exposure. In order to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms of low-dose responses and to decipher commonalities and specificities between different chemical treatments, parallel transcriptomic studies of the early effects of the atrazine-desethylatrazine-hydroxyatrazine chemical series were undertaken using whole-genome microarrays. All of the triazines under study produced coordinated and specific changes in gene expression. Hydroxyatrazine-responsive genes were mainly linked to root development, whereas atrazine and desethylatrazine mostly affected molecular signaling networks implicated in stress and hormone responses. Analysis of signaling-related genes, promoter sites and shared-function interaction networks highlighted the involvement of energy-, stress-, abscisic acid- and cytokinin-regulated processes, and emphasized the importance of cold-, heat- and drought-related signaling in the perception of low doses of triazines. These links between low-dose xenobiotic impacts and stress-hormone crosstalk pathways give novel insights into plant-pesticide interactions and plant-pollution interactions that are essential for toxicity evaluation in the context of environmental risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alberto
- Université de Rennes 1 / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Université de Rennes 1 / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Stéphanie Pateyron
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France; Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Université de Rennes 1 / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Gwenola Gouesbet
- Université de Rennes 1 / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Rennes, F-35000, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pavlů J, Novák J, Koukalová V, Luklová M, Brzobohatý B, Černý M. Cytokinin at the Crossroads of Abiotic Stress Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082450. [PMID: 30126242 PMCID: PMC6121657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin is a multifaceted plant hormone that plays major roles not only in diverse plant growth and development processes, but also stress responses. We summarize knowledge of the roles of its metabolism, transport, and signalling in responses to changes in levels of both macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur) and micronutrients (boron, iron, silicon, selenium). We comment on cytokinin's effects on plants' xenobiotic resistance, and its interactions with light, temperature, drought, and salinity signals. Further, we have compiled a list of abiotic stress-related genes and demonstrate that their expression patterns overlap with those of cytokinin metabolism and signalling genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pavlů
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladěna Koukalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Luklová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biophysics AS CR, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xie M, Chen H, Huang L, O'Neil RC, Shokhirev MN, Ecker JR. A B-ARR-mediated cytokinin transcriptional network directs hormone cross-regulation and shoot development. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1604. [PMID: 29686312 PMCID: PMC5913131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin fulfills its diverse roles in planta through a series of transcriptional responses. We identify the in vivo DNA binding site profiles for three genetically redundant type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS (B-ARRs): ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12. The expression and genome-wide DNA binding locations of the three B-ARRs extensively overlap. Constructing a primary cytokinin response transcriptional network reveals a recurring theme of widespread cross-regulation between the components of the cytokinin pathway and other plant hormone pathways. The B-ARRs are found to have similar DNA binding motifs, though sequences flanking the core motif were degenerate. Cytokinin treatments amalgamate the three different B-ARRs motifs to identical DNA binding signatures (AGATHY, H(a/t/c), Y(t/c)) which suggests cytokinin may regulate binding activity of B-ARR family members. Furthermore, we find that WUSCHEL, a key gene required for apical meristem maintenance, is a cytokinin-dependent B-ARR target gene, demonstrating the importance of the cytokinin transcription factor network in shoot development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Xie
- Plant Biology Laboratory, and Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ryan C O'Neil
- Plant Biology Laboratory, and Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, and Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Romanov GA, Lomin SN, Schmülling T. Cytokinin signaling: from the ER or from the PM? That is the question! THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:41-53. [PMID: 29355964 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Content Summary 47 I. Introduction 47 II. Historical outline 48 III. Recent developments 49 IV. Towards an integrative concept for cytokinin receptor signaling 54 Acknowledgements 57 References 57 SUMMARY: Cytokinin signaling plays an important role in plant growth and development, and therefore its molecular characteristics are under extensive study. One characteristic is the subcellular localization of cytokinin signal initiation. This localization determines both the pathway for hormone delivery to the receptor, as well as molecular aspects of signal transfer to the primary cellular targets. Subcellular sites for the onset of cytokinin signaling are still uncertain and experimental data are in part controversial. A few years ago, cytokinin receptors were shown to be localized predominantly in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to possess some features, such as their pH activity profile, typical for intracellular proteins. Very recently, new data corroborating the functionality of ER-located cytokinin receptors were reported. However, other work argued for cytokinin perception to occur at the plasma membrane (PM). Here, we discuss in detail these partially conflicting data and present an integrative model for cytokinin perception and signaling. In our opinion, the prevailing evidence argues for the ER being the predominant site of cytokinin signal perception but also that signal initiation at the PM might be relevant in some circumstances as well. The roles of these pathways in long-distance, paracrine and autocrine cytokinin signaling are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgy A Romanov
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Sergey N Lomin
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin plays diverse roles in plant development, influencing many agriculturally important processes, including growth, nutrient responses and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Cytokinin levels in plants are regulated by biosynthesis and inactivation pathways. Cytokinins are perceived by membrane-localized histidine-kinase receptors and are transduced through a His-Asp phosphorelay to activate a family of transcription factors in the nucleus. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we summarize the current understanding of cytokinin metabolism, transport and signaling, and discuss how this phytohormone regulates changes in gene expression to mediate its pleiotropic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Kieber
- University of North Carolina, Biology Department, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Brenner WG, Leuendorf JE, Cortleven A, Martin LBB, Schaller H, Schmülling T. Analysis of CFB, a cytokinin-responsive gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a novel F-box protein regulating sterol biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2769-2785. [PMID: 28505379 PMCID: PMC5853388 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway is important for the regulation of cellular processes, but the function of most F-box proteins relevant to substrate recognition is unknown. We describe the analysis of the gene Cytokinin-induced F-box encoding (CFB, AT3G44326), identified in a meta-analysis of cytokinin-related transcriptome studies as one of the most robust cytokinin response genes. F-box domain-dependent interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex component ASK1 classifies CFB as a functional F-box protein. Apart from F-box and transmembrane domains, CFB contains no known functional domains. CFB is expressed in all plant tissues, predominantly in root tissue. A ProCFB:GFP-GUS fusion gene showed strongest expression in the lateral root cap and during lateral root formation. CFB-GFP fusion proteins were mainly localized in the nucleus and the cytosol but also at the plasma membrane. cfb mutants had no discernible phenotype, but CFB overexpressing plants showed several defects, such as a white upper inflorescence stem, similar to the hypomorphic cycloartenol synthase mutant cas1-1. Both CFB overexpressing plants and cas1-1 mutants accumulated the CAS1 substrate 2,3-oxidosqualene in the white stem tissue, the latter even more after cytokinin treatment, indicating impairment of CAS1 function. This suggests that CFB may link cytokinin and the sterol biosynthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram G Brenner
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Erik Leuendorf
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laetitia B B Martin
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bartrina I, Jensen H, Novák O, Strnad M, Werner T, Schmülling T. Gain-of-Function Mutants of the Cytokinin Receptors AHK2 and AHK3 Regulate Plant Organ Size, Flowering Time and Plant Longevity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1783-1797. [PMID: 28096190 PMCID: PMC5338655 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin is a regulator of numerous processes in plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the cytokinin signal is perceived by three membrane-located receptors named ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE2 (AHK2), AHK3, and AHK4/CRE1. How the signal is transmitted across the membrane is an entirely unknown process. The three receptors have been shown to operate mostly in a redundant fashion, and very few specific roles have been attributed to single receptors. Using a forward genetic approach, we isolated constitutively active gain-of-function variants of the AHK2 and AHK3 genes, named repressor of cytokinin deficiency2 (rock2) and rock3, respectively. It is hypothesized that the structural changes caused by these mutations in the sensory and adjacent transmembrane domains emulate the structural changes caused by cytokinin binding, resulting in domain motion propagating the signal across the membrane. Detailed analysis of lines carrying rock2 and rock3 alleles revealed how plants respond to locally enhanced cytokinin signaling. Early flowering time, a prolonged reproductive growth phase, and, thereby, increased seed yield suggest that cytokinin regulates various aspects of reproductive growth. In particular, it counteracts the global proliferative arrest, a correlative inhibition of maternal growth by seeds, an as yet unknown activity of the hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bartrina
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (I.B., H.J., T.W., T.S.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, Czech Republic (O.N., M.S.); and
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria (T.W.)
| | - Helen Jensen
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (I.B., H.J., T.W., T.S.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, Czech Republic (O.N., M.S.); and
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria (T.W.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (I.B., H.J., T.W., T.S.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, Czech Republic (O.N., M.S.); and
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria (T.W.)
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (I.B., H.J., T.W., T.S.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, Czech Republic (O.N., M.S.); and
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria (T.W.)
| | - Tomáš Werner
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (I.B., H.J., T.W., T.S.);
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, Czech Republic (O.N., M.S.); and
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria (T.W.)
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (I.B., H.J., T.W., T.S.);
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, Czech Republic (O.N., M.S.); and
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria (T.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rosspopoff O, Chelysheva L, Saffar J, Lecorgne L, Gey D, Caillieux E, Colot V, Roudier F, Hilson P, Berthomé R, Da Costa M, Rech P. Direct conversion of root primordium into shoot meristem relies on timing of stem cell niche development. Development 2017; 144:1187-1200. [PMID: 28174250 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand how the identity of an organ can be switched, we studied the transformation of lateral root primordia (LRP) into shoot meristems in Arabidopsis root segments. In this system, the cytokinin-induced conversion does not involve the formation of callus-like structures. Detailed analysis showed that the conversion sequence starts with a mitotic pause and is concomitant with the differential expression of regulators of root and shoot development. The conversion requires the presence of apical stem cells, and only LRP at stages VI or VII can be switched. It is engaged as soon as cell divisions resume because their position and orientation differ in the converting organ compared with the undisturbed emerging LRP. By alternating auxin and cytokinin treatments, we showed that the root and shoot organogenetic programs are remarkably plastic, as the status of the same plant stem cell niche can be reversed repeatedly within a set developmental window. Thus, the networks at play in the meristem of a root can morph in the span of a couple of cell division cycles into those of a shoot, and back, through transdifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rosspopoff
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPCM Université Paris 06, UFR 927, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Liudmila Chelysheva
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Julie Saffar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75205, France
| | - Lena Lecorgne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPCM Université Paris 06, UFR 927, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Delphine Gey
- Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, UMS 2700, OMSI, Paris F-75231, France
| | - Erwann Caillieux
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Vincent Colot
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - François Roudier
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Pierre Hilson
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Richard Berthomé
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, INPT, Castanet-Tolosan F-31126, France.,CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan 31326, France.,Plant Genomics Research Unit, UMR INRA 1165 - CNRS 8114 - UEVE, 2, CP5708, Evry Cedex 91057, France
| | - Marco Da Costa
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France .,Sorbonne Universités, UPCM Université Paris 06, UFR 927, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Philippe Rech
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France .,Sorbonne Universités, UPCM Université Paris 06, UFR 927, Paris F-75005, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Roman H, Girault T, Le Gourrierec J, Leduc N. In silico analysis of 3 expansin gene promoters reveals 2 hubs controlling light and cytokinins response during bud outgrowth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1284725. [PMID: 28263675 PMCID: PMC5351728 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1284725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bud outgrowth is under the intricate control of environmental and endogenous factors. In a recent paper, 1 we demonstrated that light perceived by Rosa buds triggers cytokinins (CK) synthesis within 3 hours in the adjacent node followed by their transport to the bud. There, CK control expression of a set of major genes (strigolactones-, auxin-, sugar sink strength-, cells division and elongation-related genes) leading to bud outgrowth in light. Conversely, under dark condition, CK accumulation and transport to the bud are repressed and no bud outgrowth occurs. In this paper, we show that the 3 expansin genes RhEXPA1,2,3 are under the control of both light and CK during bud outgrowth. In silico analysis of promoter sequences highlights 2 regions enriched in light and CK cis-regulatory elements as well as a specific cis-element in pRhEXPA3, potentially responsible for the expression patterns observed in response to CK and light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaé Roman
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Tiffanie Girault
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - José Le Gourrierec
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Leduc
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Beaucouzé cedex, France
- CONTACT Nathalie Leduc IRHS, Campus du Végétal, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sánchez-López ÁM, Baslam M, De Diego N, Muñoz FJ, Bahaji A, Almagro G, Ricarte-Bermejo A, García-Gómez P, Li J, Humplík JF, Novák O, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Volatile compounds emitted by diverse phytopathogenic microorganisms promote plant growth and flowering through cytokinin action. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2592-2608. [PMID: 27092473 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is known that volatile emissions from some beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth. Here we show that volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by phylogenetically diverse rhizosphere and non-rhizhosphere bacteria and fungi (including plant pathogens and microbes that do not normally interact mutualistically with plants) promote growth and flowering of various plant species, including crops. In Arabidopsis plants exposed to VCs emitted by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata, changes included enhancement of photosynthesis and accumulation of high levels of cytokinins (CKs) and sugars. Evidence obtained using transgenic Arabidopsis plants with altered CK status show that CKs play essential roles in this phenomenon, because growth and flowering responses to the VCs were reduced in mutants with CK-deficiency (35S:AtCKX1) or low receptor sensitivity (ahk2/3). Further, we demonstrate that the plant responses to fungal VCs are light-dependent. Transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis leaves exposed to A. alternata VCs revealed changes in the expression of light- and CK-responsive genes involved in photosynthesis, growth and flowering. Notably, many genes differentially expressed in plants treated with fungal VCs were also differentially expressed in plants exposed to VCs emitted by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis GB03, suggesting that plants react to microbial VCs through highly conserved regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Jun Li
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, China
| | - Jan F Humplík
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sánchez-López ÁM, Bahaji A, De Diego N, Baslam M, Li J, Muñoz FJ, Almagro G, García-Gómez P, Ameztoy K, Ricarte-Bermejo A, Novák O, Humplík JF, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Navajas R, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Arabidopsis Responds to Alternaria alternata Volatiles by Triggering Plastid Phosphoglucose Isomerase-Independent Mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1989-2001. [PMID: 27663407 PMCID: PMC5100789 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by phylogenetically diverse microorganisms (including plant pathogens and microbes that do not normally interact mutualistically with plants) promote photosynthesis, growth, and the accumulation of high levels of starch in leaves through cytokinin (CK)-regulated processes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants not exposed to VCs, plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase (pPGI) acts as an important determinant of photosynthesis and growth, likely as a consequence of its involvement in the synthesis of plastidic CKs in roots. Moreover, this enzyme plays an important role in connecting the Calvin-Benson cycle with the starch biosynthetic pathway in leaves. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the responses of plants to microbial VCs and to investigate the extent of pPGI involvement, we characterized pPGI-null pgi1-2 Arabidopsis plants cultured in the presence or absence of VCs emitted by Alternaria alternata We found that volatile emissions from this fungal phytopathogen promote growth, photosynthesis, and the accumulation of plastidic CKs in pgi1-2 leaves. Notably, the mesophyll cells of pgi1-2 leaves accumulated exceptionally high levels of starch following VC exposure. Proteomic analyses revealed that VCs promote global changes in the expression of proteins involved in photosynthesis, starch metabolism, and growth that can account for the observed responses in pgi1-2 plants. The overall data show that Arabidopsis plants can respond to VCs emitted by phytopathogenic microorganisms by triggering pPGI-independent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Jun Li
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Pablo García-Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Kinia Ameztoy
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Jan F Humplík
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Karel Doležal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - María Carmen Mena
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Rosana Navajas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.);
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.);
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cortleven A, Marg I, Yamburenko MV, Schlicke H, Hill K, Grimm B, Schaller GE, Schmülling T. Cytokinin Regulates the Etioplast-Chloroplast Transition through the Two-Component Signaling System and Activation of Chloroplast-Related Genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:464-78. [PMID: 27388681 PMCID: PMC5074628 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the classical functions of the plant hormone cytokinin is the regulation of plastid development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we employed a genetic approach to evaluate the role of cytokinin and its signaling pathway in the light-induced development of chloroplasts from etioplasts in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Cytokinin increases the rate of greening and stimulates ultrastructural changes characteristic for the etioplast-to-chloroplast transition. The steady-state levels of metabolites of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway leading to the production of chlorophyll are enhanced by cytokinin. This effect of cytokinin on metabolite levels arises due to the modulation of expression for chlorophyll biosynthesis genes such as HEMA1, GUN4, GUN5, and CHLM Increased expression of HEMA1 is reflected in an enhanced level of the encoded glutamyl-tRNA reductase, which catalyzes one of the rate-limiting steps of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Mutant analysis indicates that the cytokinin receptors ARABIDOPSIS HIS KINASE2 (AHK2) and AHK3 play a central role in this process. Furthermore, the B-type ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1 (ARR1), ARR10, and ARR12 play an important role in mediating the transcriptional output during etioplast-chloroplast transition. B-type ARRs bind to the promotors of HEMA1 and LHCB6 genes, indicating that cytokinin-dependent transcription factors directly regulate genes of chlorophyll biosynthesis and the light harvesting complex. Together, these results demonstrate an important role for the cytokinin signaling pathway in chloroplast development, with the direct transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes as a key aspect for this hormonal control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (A.C., I.M., T.S.);Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (M.V.Y., K.H., G.E.S.); andDepartment of Plant Physiology, Humboldt Universität, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Ingke Marg
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (A.C., I.M., T.S.);Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (M.V.Y., K.H., G.E.S.); andDepartment of Plant Physiology, Humboldt Universität, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Maria V Yamburenko
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (A.C., I.M., T.S.);Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (M.V.Y., K.H., G.E.S.); andDepartment of Plant Physiology, Humboldt Universität, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Hagen Schlicke
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (A.C., I.M., T.S.);Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (M.V.Y., K.H., G.E.S.); andDepartment of Plant Physiology, Humboldt Universität, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Kristine Hill
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (A.C., I.M., T.S.);Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (M.V.Y., K.H., G.E.S.); andDepartment of Plant Physiology, Humboldt Universität, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (A.C., I.M., T.S.);Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (M.V.Y., K.H., G.E.S.); andDepartment of Plant Physiology, Humboldt Universität, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (A.C., I.M., T.S.);Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (M.V.Y., K.H., G.E.S.); andDepartment of Plant Physiology, Humboldt Universität, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (A.C., I.M., T.S.);Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 (M.V.Y., K.H., G.E.S.); andDepartment of Plant Physiology, Humboldt Universität, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany (H.S., B.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mohan TC, Castrillo G, Navarro C, Zarco-Fernández S, Ramireddy E, Mateo C, Zamarreño AM, Paz-Ares J, Muñoz R, García-Mina JM, Hernández LE, Schmülling T, Leyva A. Cytokinin Determines Thiol-Mediated Arsenic Tolerance and Accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1418-26. [PMID: 27208271 PMCID: PMC4902620 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of arsenic in soil and water is a constant threat to plant growth in many regions of the world. Phytohormones act in the integration of growth control and stress response, but their role in plant responses to arsenic remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that arsenate [As(V)], the most prevalent arsenic chemical species in nature, causes severe depletion of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that CK signaling mutants and transgenic plants with reduced endogenous CK levels showed an As(V)-tolerant phenotype. Our data indicate that in CK-depleted plants exposed to As(V), transcript levels of As(V)/phosphate-transporters were similar or even higher than in wild-type plants. In contrast, CK depletion provoked the coordinated activation of As(V) tolerance mechanisms, leading to the accumulation of thiol compounds such as phytochelatins and glutathione, which are essential for arsenic sequestration. Transgenic CK-deficient Arabidopsis and tobacco lines show a marked increase in arsenic accumulation. Our findings indicate that CK is an important regulatory factor in plant adaptation to arsenic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thotegowdanapalya C Mohan
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Cristina Navarro
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Sonia Zarco-Fernández
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Eswarayya Ramireddy
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Cristian Mateo
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Javier Paz-Ares
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Riansares Muñoz
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Jose M García-Mina
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Luis E Hernández
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| | - Antonio Leyva
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (T.C.M., G.C., C.N., C.M., J.P.-A., A.L.); Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (S.Z.-F., R.M.); Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany (E.R., T.S.); Department of Environmental Biology (Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group), Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, Sciencies Building, 31008 Pamplona, Spain (A.M.Z., J.M.G.-M.); and Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edif. de Biológicas BS13, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.E.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang H, Dugé de Bernonville T, Body M, Glevarec G, Reichelt M, Unsicker S, Bruneau M, Renou JP, Huguet E, Dubreuil G, Giron D. Leaf-mining by Phyllonorycter blancardella reprograms the host-leaf transcriptome to modulate phytohormones associated with nutrient mobilization and plant defense. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 84:114-127. [PMID: 26068004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones have long been hypothesized to play a key role in the interactions between plant-manipulating organisms and their host-plants such as insect-plant interactions that lead to gall or 'green-islands' induction. However, mechanistic understanding of how phytohormones operate in these plant reconfigurations is lacking due to limited information on the molecular and biochemical phytohormonal modulation following attack by plant-manipulating insects. In an attempt to fill this gap, the present study provides an extensive characterization of how the leaf-miner Phyllonorycter blancardella modulates the major phytohormones and the transcriptional activity of plant cells in leaves of Malus domestica. We show here, that cytokinins strongly accumulate in mined tissues despite a weak expression of plant cytokinin-related genes. Leaf-mining is also associated with enhanced biosynthesis of jasmonic acid precursors but not the active form, a weak alteration of the salicylic acid pathway and a clear inhibition of the abscisic acid pathway. Our study consolidates previous results suggesting that insects may produce and deliver cytokinins to the plant as a strategy to manipulate the physiology of the leaf to create a favorable nutritional environment. We also demonstrate that leaf-mining by P. blancardella leads to a strong reprogramming of the plant phytohormonal balance associated with increased nutrient mobilization, inhibition of leaf senescence and mitigation of plant direct and indirect defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Thomas Dugé de Bernonville
- Laboratoire Biologie Végétale et Biomolécules, EA 2106, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Mélanie Body
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Gaëlle Glevarec
- Laboratoire Biologie Végétale et Biomolécules, EA 2106, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Sybille Unsicker
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Maryline Bruneau
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR 1345, INRA, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Renou
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR 1345, INRA, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France.
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Géraldine Dubreuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS/Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang Y, Shen W, Chan Z, Wu Y. Endogenous Cytokinin Overproduction Modulates ROS Homeostasis and Decreases Salt Stress Resistance in Arabidopsis Thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1004. [PMID: 26635831 PMCID: PMC4652137 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins in plants are crucial for numerous biological processes, including seed germination, cell division and differentiation, floral initiation and adaptation to abiotic stresses. The salt stress can promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in plants which are highly toxic and ultimately results in oxidative stress. However, the correlation between endogenous cytokinin production and ROS homeostasis in responding to salt stress is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the correlation of overexpressing the cytokinin biosynthetic gene AtIPT8 (adenosine phosphate-isopentenyl transferase 8) and the response of salt stress in Arabidopsis. Overproduction of cytokinins, which was resulted by the inducible overexpression of AtIPT8, significantly inhibited the primary root growth and true leaf emergence, especially under the conditions of exogenous salt, glucose and mannitol treatments. Upon cytokinin overproduction, the salt stress resistance was declined, and resulted in less survival rates and chlorophyll content. Interestingly, ROS production was obviously increased with the salt treatment, accompanied by endogenously overproduced cytokinins. The activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which are responsible for scavenging ROS, were also affected. Transcription profiling revealed that the differential expressions of ROS-producing and scavenging related genes, the photosynthesis-related genes and stress responsive genes were existed in transgenic plants of overproducing cytokinins. Our results suggested that broken in the homeostasis of cytokinins in plant cells could modulate the salt stress responses through a ROS-mediated regulation in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Wenzhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cortleven A, Schmülling T. Regulation of chloroplast development and function by cytokinin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4999-5013. [PMID: 25873684 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A role of the plant hormone cytokinin in regulating the development and activity of chloroplasts was described soon after its discovery as a plant growth regulator more than 50 years ago. Its promoting action on chloroplast ultrastructure and chlorophyll synthesis has been reported repeatedly, especially during etioplast-to-chloroplast transition. Recently, a protective role of the hormone for the photosynthetic apparatus during high light stress was shown. Details about the molecular mechanisms of cytokinin action on plastids are accumulating from genetic and transcriptomic studies. The cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 are mainly responsible for the transduction of the cytokinin signal to B-type response regulators, in particular ARR1, ARR10, and ARR12, which are transcription factors of the two-component system mediating cytokinin functions. Additional transcription factors linking cytokinin and chloroplast development include CGA1, GNC, HY5, GLK2, and CRF2. In this review, we summarize early and more recent findings of the long-known relationship between the hormone and the organelle and describe crosstalk between cytokinin, light, and other hormones during chloroplast development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zwack PJ, Rashotte AM. Interactions between cytokinin signalling and abiotic stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4863-71. [PMID: 25911740 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms for sensing and responding to sub-optimal environmental conditions. Abiotic stresses caused by these conditions trigger a wide range of local and long-distance signals which must be co-ordinated and integrated into whole-plant processes, such as development, in order for the plant to respond properly and survive. Several hormones function as key regulators of stress tolerance, connecting local stimuli to systemic responses. Cytokinin is a hormone well known for its role in numerous aspects of growth and development, although abundant evidence also indicates that cytokinin functions in stress responses as well. At present, a full understanding of the effects of cytokinin on plant resistance to stress is lacking, possibly as a result of the complex interactions between cytokinin and stress signalling. Current knowledge of the physiological relationship between cytokinin and abiotic stress, based on measurements of cytokinin levels under stress conditions and the effects of cytokinin treatment on stress tolerance, has been examined here. A pattern of transcriptional regulation of stress-related genes by cytokinin in different plant species has also been identified. In addition, research regarding the role of specific cytokinin signalling components in a variety of stress responses is presented. We discuss what this body of research collectively implies with regard to cross-talk between cytokinin and abiotic stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Zwack
- 101 Rouse Life Sciences Building, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5407, USA
| | - Aaron M Rashotte
- 101 Rouse Life Sciences Building, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5407, USA
| |
Collapse
|