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Lodovici A, Buoso S, Miras-Moreno B, Lucini L, Garcia-Perez P, Tomasi N, Pinton R, Zanin L. Peculiarity of the early metabolomic response in tomato after urea, ammonium or nitrate supply. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108666. [PMID: 38723490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most applied in agriculture as fertilizer (as nitrate, Nit; ammonium, A; and/or urea, U, forms) and its availability strongly constrains the crop growth and yield. To investigate the early response (24 h) of N-deficient tomato plants to these three N forms, a physiological and molecular study was performed. In comparison to N-deficient plants, significant changes in the transcriptional, metabolomic and ionomic profiles were observed. As a probable consequence of N mobility in plants, a wide metabolic modulation occurred in old leaves rather than in young leaves. The metabolic profile of U and A-treated plants was more similar than Nit-treated plant profile, which in turn presented the lowest metabolic modulation with respect to N-deficient condition. Urea and A forms induced some changes at the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, amino acids and phytohormones. Interestingly, a specific up-regulation by U and down-regulation by A of carbon synthesis occurred in roots. Along with the gene expression, data suggest that the specific N form influences the activation of metabolic pathways for its assimilation (cytosolic GS/AS and/or plastidial GS/GOGAT cycle). Urea induced an up-concentration of Cu and Mn in leaves and Zn in whole plant. This study highlights a metabolic reprogramming depending on the N form applied, and it also provide evidence of a direct relationship between urea nutrition and Zn concentration. The understanding of the metabolic pathways activated by the different N forms represents a milestone in improving the efficiency of urea fertilization in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Lodovici
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206 - 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Seok YJ, Park JH. Reducing nitrogen leaching using wood vinegar treated in urea-fertilized soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7138-7145. [PMID: 38157171 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Wood vinegar (WV) is known to retard the release of ammonium (NH4+) from urea by inhibiting urea hydrolysis. However, the effect of WV on nitrogen leaching in soil is not known, and there are few studies on the effect of WV on microbial activity although WV exhibits antibacterial properties against pathogens in agriculture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of WV on controlling nitrogen leaching and soil microbial activity. Soils were treated with urea and WV, and the available inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the soil were compared with those from soils treated with N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), a commonly used urease inhibitor. The nitrate concentration in the soil was significantly decreased in the WV treatment, although the ammonium concentration was not affected by the WV treatment. Basal soil respiration was significantly increased in the WV and NBPT treatments although the microbial biomass was increased in the urea only treatment. The ammonium nitrogen concentration in the leachate was not significantly different in the WV and urea-treated soil compared to the urea-only treatment. However, the nitrate leaching increased in the soil treated only with urea at 16 days after the treatment although there was no statistically significant difference in the total leached nitrate. Therefore, WV can be used to reduce nitrogen leaching and enhance soil microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Ju Seok
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Park
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Souza EFC, Rosen CJ, Venterea RT, Tahir M. Intended and unintended impacts of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and microbial inhibitors on nitrogen losses in contrasting maize cropping systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:972-983. [PMID: 37391883 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to mitigate the nitrogen (N) footprint of maize production include using N-fixing microbes (NFM) and/or microbial inhibitors. We quantified the effects of NFM, the nitrification inhibitor (NI) 2-(N-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture, and the urease inhibitor (UI) N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, each applied by itself or paired with another additive, on nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions, nitrate (NO3 - ) leaching, and crop performance in contrasting irrigated and rainfed maize systems over two growing seasons. We also used published emission factors to estimate indirect N2 O emissions from leached NO3 - that can be converted to N2 O. Agronomic effects were relatively small; the NI + NFM treatment increased N use efficiency and grain yield and protein content in some cases by 11%-14% relative to a treatment receiving only urea. Most of the additive treatments reduced direct (in-field) N2 O emissions, most consistently for treatments that contained NI which reduced emissions by 24%-77%. However, these beneficial effects were counteracted by increased NO3 - leaching, which occurred most consistently with UI or NFM applied as single additives or with NI. In these treatments, NO3 - leaching increased during at least one growing season, and at both sites, by factors of 2-7. In three site-years, increased NO3 - leaching with NFM and NI + NFM offset large reductions in direct N2 O, such that total direct + indirect N2 O emissions were not different from that in the urea only treatment. These unintended effects may have resulted from unfavorable rainfall timing, varying crop N demand, and declining additive effectiveness. Use of these soil additives requires caution and further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson F C Souza
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carl J Rosen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rodney T Venterea
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Cândido NR, Pasa VMD, Vilela ADO, Campos ÂD, de Fátima Â, Modolo LV. Understanding the multifunctionality of pyroligneous acid from waste biomass and the potential applications in agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163519. [PMID: 37061061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts have been directed to the development of environmentally friendly processes and manufacturing of green products, use of renewable energy and more sustainable agricultural practices. Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a byproduct of biomass pyrolysis that consists of a complex mixture of bioactive substances. The complexity and richness of PA composition have opened a window for PA application in agriculture and mitigation of environmental pollution. This review brings a brief historical on the use of PA and regulatory policies adopted in Brazil, China, Japan and Thailand for PA application in agriculture. The composition and stability of PAs of several origins are presented, together with a discussion of the use of PA to boost plant growth and crop productivity, remove toxic metals from soil, inhibit soil ureases, mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases, control phytopathogen proliferation and weed dissemination. A great variety of biomass types are reported as feedstock to produce PA with distinct chemically diverse and active substances at wide-ranging concentrations. PA has been shown to successfully improve farming practices in a more sustainable fashion. The disclosure of the mechanisms of action that drive the PA's effects, together with the pursue of safety and efficacy data in a case-by-case way to address toxicity and shelf stability, will be valuable to expand the use of PA worldwide for food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Rangel Cândido
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânya Márcia Duarte Pasa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Diniz Campos
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Clima Temperado (CPACT), Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Monte Bonito, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Valentina Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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L. Ramalingappa P, Shrivastava M, Dhar S, Bandyopadhyay K, Prasad S, Langyan S, Tomer R, Khandelwal A, Darjee S, Singh R. Reducing options of ammonia volatilization and improving nitrogen use efficiency via organic and inorganic amendments in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PeerJ 2023; 11:e14965. [PMID: 36908814 PMCID: PMC9997193 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigates the effect of organic and inorganic supplements on the reduction of ammonia (NH3) volatilization, improvement in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and wheat yield. Methods A field experiment was conducted following a randomized block design with 10 treatments i.e., T1-without nitrogen (control), T2-recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), T3-(N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) (NBPT @ 0.5% w/w of RDN), T4-hydroquinone (HQ @ 0.3% w/w of RDN), T5-calcium carbide (CaC2 @ 1% w/w of RDN), T6-vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM @ 10 kg ha-1), T7-(azotobacter @ 50 g kg-1 seeds), T8-(garlic powder @ 0.8% w/w of RDN), T9-(linseed oil @ 0.06% w/w of RDN), T10-(pongamia oil @ 0.06% w/w of RDN). Results The highest NH3 volatilization losses were observed in T2 at about 20.4 kg ha-1 per season. Significant reduction in NH3 volatilization losses were observed in T3 by 40%, T4 by 27%, and T8 by 17% when compared to the control treatment. Soil urease activity was found to be decreased in plots receiving amendments, T3, T4, and T5. The highest grain yield was observed in the T7 treated plot with 5.09 t ha-1, and straw yield of 9.44 t ha-1 in T4. Conclusion The shifting towards organic amendments is a feasible option to reduce NH3 volatilization from wheat cultivation and improves NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja L. Ramalingappa
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Reserach Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Shrivastava
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Reserach Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Shiva Dhar
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Reserach Institute, Delhi, India
| | | | - Shiv Prasad
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Reserach Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Sapna Langyan
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Tomer
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Reserach Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Khandelwal
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Reserach Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Sibananda Darjee
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Reserach Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Renu Singh
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Reserach Institute, Delhi, India
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Kriška T, Škarpa P, Antošovský J. Effect of Natural Liquid Hydroabsorbents on Ammonia Emission from Liquid Nitrogen Fertilizers and Plant Growth of Maize ( Zea Mays L.) under Drought Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:728. [PMID: 36840075 PMCID: PMC9958794 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers is associated with significant nitrogen loss through the volatilization. Ammonia (NH3) emissions are common from fertilizers with amide (NH2) and ammonium (NH4) nitrogen forms applied to the soil surface without incorporation. The objective of the laboratory and greenhouse pot experiments was to verify the hypothesis that liquid mineral fertilizers and fertilizer solutions containing N-NH2 and N-NH4 applied to the soil surface in combination with natural hydroabsorbents (NHAs) will reduce the volatilization of nitrogen. The effect of NHAs addition to urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer and urea, ammonium nitrate (AN) and ammonium sulphate (AS) solutions was evaluated in a laboratory experiment. The effect of the two types of NHAs (acidic and neutral) was compared with the control (UAN) and its mixture with the commercially used urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). The proportion of volatilized NH3 of the total N from the examined fertilizers applied to the soil surface was determined by the titration method. Subsequently, the effect of fertilization with UAN and its mixture with NHAs and NBPT on the growth of maize under the drought conditions was verified in a greenhouse pot experiment. While the addition of NBPT resulted in a reduction of NH3 emission for the fertilizers containing NH2 (UAN, urea solution), a decrease in volatilization after the addition of both acidic and neutral NHA was observed especially for UAN. A reduction in ammonia emission was also observed for AS after the addition of acidic NHA. The addition of both NHAs and NBPT to UAN increased the utilization of nitrogen from the applied fertilizer, which was reflected by an increase in chlorophyll content and increased CO2 assimilation by maize plants grown under the drought stress. UAN fertilizer combined with acidic NHA and NBPT significantly increased aboveground biomass production and root system capacity of maize. Significant increases in UAN nitrogen recovery were observed for all examined additives (UI and both types of NHAs). In addition to the known effects of hydroabsorbents, especially their influence on soil physical and biological properties and soil water retention, the effect of NHAs application in combination with UAN and AS solutions on the reduction of gaseous N loss, maize plant growth and fertilizer nitrogen recovery was found.
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Fang J, Weng Y, Li B, Liu H, Liu L, Tian Z, Du S. Graphene oxide decreases the abundance of nitrogen cycling microbes and slows nitrogen transformation in soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136642. [PMID: 36202372 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used in many applications due to its excellent properties. Given the extensive production and use of this nanomaterial, its release into the environment is inevitable. However, little is known about the effects of GO on microbial nitrogen transformation and the related processes after GO enters the soil environment. The present study showed that GO significantly reduced soil microbial biomass and caused a decline in microbial diversity after the soils were subjected to various GO concentrations (10, 100, and 1000 mg kg-1) for 4 months. Among them, the abundances of nitrogen transformation related bacteria such as Firmicutes, Nitrospirota, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetota, and Cyanobacteria were significantly decreased with GO incubation. Among the enzymes that are related to nitrogen transformation, nitrate reductase was the most sensitive even at low concentrations of GO, followed by ammonia monooxygenase and urease, which were reduced by 13-31%, 5-26%, and 9-19% respectively, than those of the control. We found that high concentrations of GO significantly increased the retention of soil urea by 32-59%, and the contents of ammonium and nitrate were 22-28% and 55-69% lower compared to those of the control, respectively. Moreover, the response of most of the indicators in the above process to multilayer GO was more significant than that to single layer GO. Overall, this study provides new insights into the comprehensive understanding of GO's impacts on the soil nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yineng Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Beier Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Zhongling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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Rana MA, Mahmood R, Nadeem F, Wang Y, Jin C, Liu X. Enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, growth and yield of wheat through soil urea hydrolysis inhibition by Vachellia nilotica extract. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1039601. [PMID: 36452087 PMCID: PMC9702566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil urease inhibition slows down the urea hydrolysis and prolongs nitrogen (N) stay in soil, resulting in an increased N uptake by plants. Apart from several chemical urease inhibitors, the urease inhibition potential of plant extracts is rarely reported. In our previous study, the soil urease inhibition by Vachellia nilotica leaf extract was reported; however, its role in relation to growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under pot and field conditions remains unknown. The acetonic extracts of 10, 20, and 50 g Vachellia nilotica leaves were given code names viz. Vn.Fl-10, Vn.Fl-20 and Vn.Fl-50, respectively, and coated on 100 g of urea individually. The enhancements of growth (total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, and 1000-grains weight) and yield (biological yield, straw yield, and grain yield) parameters of wheat by Vn.Fl-20 and Vn.Fl-50 coated urea treatments were compared with uncoated urea in a pot experiment. The experiment indicated that the Vachellia nilotica extract coatings were effective at improving N persistence in soil, as reflected by increased grain and straw N concentrations as well as uptakes. The reproduction of the aforementioned results, at the half and full recommended dose of urea under field conditions, reconfirmed the effectiveness of Vachellia nillotica coatings. Moreover, the Vn.Fl-20 and Vn.Fl-50 coated urea, at the half as well as full recommended dose under field conditions, proved equally effective in terms of higher biological, straw, and grain yield, and grain N uptake. The increments in the total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, straw yield, grain yield, grain N concentration, grain N-, and straw N uptake along with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) components, i.e. nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), partial nitrogen balance (PNB), and nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) of wheat highlighted the superiority of Vn.Fl-20 coating over the hydroquinone (Hq) coating on urea at the full recommended dose under field conditions. Given the findings of this study, Vachellia nilotica leaf extract coating (Vn.Fl-20) can be used as a natural urease inhibitor to reduce urea hydrolysis and enhance wheat productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashid Mahmood
- Department of Soil Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Nadeem
- Department of Soil Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yun Wang
- Center of Planting Technology Extension of Dongyang, Jinhua, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Buoso S, Zamboni A, Franco A, Commisso M, Guzzo F, Varanini Z, Pinton R, Tomasi N, Zanin L. Nodulating white lupins take advantage of the reciprocal interplay between N and P nutritional responses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13607. [PMID: 34837246 PMCID: PMC9303408 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The low bioavailability of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), is one of the most limiting factors for crop production. In this study, under N- and P-free nutrient solution (-N-P), nodulating white lupin plants developed some nodules and analogous cluster root structures characterized by different morphological, physiological, and molecular responses than those observed upon single nutrient deficiency (strong acidification of external media, a better nutritional status than -N+P and +N-P plants). The multi-elemental analysis highlighted that the concentrations of nutrients in white lupin plants were mainly affected by P availability. Gene-expression analyses provided evidence of interconnections between N and P nutritional pathways that are active to promote N and P balance in plants. The root exudome was mainly characterized by N availability in nutrient solution, and, in particular, the absence of N and P in the nutrient solution triggered a high release of phenolic compounds, nucleosides monophosphate and saponines by roots. These morphological, physiological, and molecular responses result from a close interplay between N and P nutritional pathways. They contribute to the good development of nodulating white lupin plants when grown on N- and P-free media. This study provides evidence that limited N and P availability in the nutrient solution can promote white lupin-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis, which is favourable for the sustainability of legume production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - Anita Zamboni
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Alessandro Franco
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Zeno Varanini
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
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10
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Qi Z, Dong Y, He M, Wang M, Li Y, Dai X. Coated, Stabilized Enhanced-Efficiency Nitrogen Fertilizers: Preparation and Effects on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Utilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:792262. [PMID: 35003183 PMCID: PMC8733592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.792262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coated, slow/controlled release, or stabilized enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) are effective in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and crop yield. Better performance is expected from coated, stabilized EENFs where urease and nitrification inhibitors are treated in coated fertilizers. Firstly, five coated EENFs with different mass proportions of nature rubber (NR) in coating were prepared: CU0, CU1, CU2, CU3, CU4, and CU5 (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of NR in coating). The controlled release performance of CU was tested by hydrostatic release test and the microstructure of controlled release urea, so as to screen the optimal addition ratio of NR (ER: NR = 7:3, CU3). Secondly, two coated, stabilized EENFs, CSU1 and CSU2, were prepared with natural rubber-modified epoxy resin (ER: NR = 7:3) as coating material. Seven treatments of different N fertilization were set up: CK (no N fertilization), urea, CU3, SU1, and SU2 (urease and nitrification inhibitors-treated urea fertilizers), CSU1 and CSU2 (urease and nitrification inhibitors-treated natural rubber-modified epoxy resin-coated urea fertilizers). Ammonia volatilization experiment and column leaching experiment showed that compared with conventional urea, NH3 volatilization loss was reduced by 20% and inorganic N leaching loss was reduced by 26% from CSU2, respectively. In the pot experiment, maize grain yield of 162.92 and 206.96 g/pot was achieved by CSU1 and CSU2, respectively, 41 and 79%, respectively, higher than that achieved by conventional urea. SUs treatments were more effective than conventional urea treatment in improving maize grain yield and NUE, but lower than in CSUs. The NUE, nitrogen fertilizer apparent utilization efficiency, partial factor productivity of applied N, and nitrogen utilization efficiency were 46, 30, 46, and 32%, respectively, higher in CSU1 and 58, 62, 58, and 29%, respectively, higher in CSU2 than in the conventional urea treatment. Compared with CSU1, CSU2 had better agronomic effectiveness with a higher NUE. It is recommended that urease and nitrification inhibitors be sandwiched between urea prill and the coating for preparation of novel, environmentally friendly coated, stabilized EENFs with high agronomic effectiveness, high NUE, and low N loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglian Qi
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yuanjie Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mingrong He
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Maoying Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xinglong Dai
- Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Lee JK, Park HJ, Cha SJ, Kwon SJ, Park JH. Effect of pyroligneous acid on soil urease, amidase, and nitrogen use efficiency by Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris var. Pekinensis). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118132. [PMID: 34536645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urea is one of the most commonly used nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural soil and is easily decomposed by soil urease resulting in ammonium release. The produced ammonium can be volatilized or converted to nitrate, which is susceptible to leaching, leading to groundwater contamination unless used by plants. Hence, it is important to control the release of nitrogen from the urea. Pyroligneous acid inhibited the urease activity and decreased ammonium release up to 80% compared to the control. Amidase including asparaginase and glutaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of amide group, similar to urease. Therefore, the effect of pyroligneous acid on the inhibition of soil amidase was also tested and the results showed that pyroligneous acid competitively inhibited asparaginase while glutaminase was not inhibited. However, inhibitory effect of pyroligneous acid on asparaginase was negligible compared to the urease. The application of pyroligneous acid with a smaller amount of urea for controlled nitrogen release during Chinese cabbage growth showed that dry biomass and nutrient contents of Chinese cabbage were similar to the case of the conventional urea application. The nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) was highest for 33% less amount of urea supply with pyroligneous acid (2.21) compared to conventional treatment (1.81). Consequently, the use of pyroligneous acid with urea enhances nitrogen use efficiency while also protecting environments from non-point source contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Kyung Lee
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Soil Research Institute, Prumbio Co. Ltd, South Korea
| | - Seung Ju Cha
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Seon Ju Kwon
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Park
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea.
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Wani SH, Vijayan R, Choudhary M, Kumar A, Zaid A, Singh V, Kumar P, Yasin JK. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE): elucidated mechanisms, mapped genes and gene networks in maize ( Zea mays L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2875-2891. [PMID: 35035142 PMCID: PMC8720126 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nitrogen, the vital primary plant growth nutrient at deficit soil conditions, drastically affects the growth and yield of a crop. Over the years, excess use of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers resulted in pollution, eutrophication and thereby demanding the reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers. Being a C4 plant with fibrous root system and high NUE, maize can be deployed to be the best candidate for better N uptake and utilization in nitrogen deficient soils. The maize germplasm sources has enormous genetic variation for better nitrogen uptake contributing traits. Adoption of single cross maize hybrids as well as inherent property of high NUE has helped maize cultivars to achieve the highest growth rate among the cereals during last decade. Further, considering the high cost of nitrogenous fertilizers, adverse effects on soil health and environmental impact, maize improvement demands better utilization of existing genetic variation for NUE via introgression of novel allelic combinations in existing cultivars. Marker assisted breeding efforts need to be supplemented with introgression of genes/QTLs related to NUE in ruling varieties and thereby enhancing the overall productivity of maize in a sustainable manner. To achieve this, we need mapped genes and network of interacting genes and proteins to be elucidated. Identified genes may be used in screening ideal maize genotypes in terms of better physiological functionality exhibiting high NUE. Future genome editing may help in developing lines with increased productivity under low N conditions in an environment of optimum agronomic practices. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01113-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir H. Wani
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Centre For Field Crops, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani Anantnag, J&K 192101 India
| | - Roshni Vijayan
- Regional Agricultural Research Station-Central Zone, Kerala Agricultural University, MelePattambi, Palakkad, Kerala 679306 India
| | | | - Anuj Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, 141001 India
| | - Jeshima Khan Yasin
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110012 India
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13
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Arkoun M, Maillard A, Jing L, Marroni F, Pluchon S, Pinton R, Zanin L. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Zea mays fed with urea and ammonium. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:935-953. [PMID: 34245168 PMCID: PMC8597056 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous presence of different N-forms in the rhizosphere leads to beneficial effects on nitrogen (N) nutrition in plants. Although widely used as fertilizers, the occurrence of cross connection between urea and ammonium nutrition has been scarcely studied in plants. Maize fed with a mixture of urea and ammonium displayed a better N-uptake efficiency than ammonium- or urea-fed plants (Buoso et al., Plant Physiol Biochem, 2021a; 162: 613-623). Through multiomic approaches, we provide the molecular characterization of maize response to urea and ammonium nutrition. Several transporters and enzymes involved in N-nutrition were upregulated by all three N-treatments (urea, ammonium, or urea and ammonium). Already after 1 day of treatment, the availability of different N-forms induced specific transcriptomic and metabolomic responses. The combination of urea and ammonium induced a prompt assimilation of N, characterized by high levels of some amino acids in shoots. Moreover, ZmAMT1.1a, ZmGLN1;2, ZmGLN1;5, ZmGOT1, and ZmGOT3, as well transcripts involved in glycolysis-TCA cycle were induced in roots by urea and ammonium mixture. Depending on N-form, even changes in the composition of phytohormones were observed in maize. This study paves the way to formulate guidelines for the optimization of N fertilization to improve N-use efficiency in maize and therefore limit N-losses in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Anne Maillard
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Lun Jing
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdine
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14
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Said-Pullicino D, Arkoun M, Yvin JC, Pinton R, Zanin L. Characterization of physiological and molecular responses of Zea mays seedlings to different urea-ammonium ratios. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:613-623. [PMID: 33774466 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide use of urea and ammonium as N-fertilizers, no information is available about the proper ratio useful to maximize the efficiency of their acquisition by crops. Ionomic analyses of maize seedlings fed with five different mixes of urea and ammonium indicated that after 7 days of treatment, the elemental composition of plant tissues was more influenced by ammonium in the nutrient solution than by urea. Within 24 h, similar high affinity influx rates of ammonium were measured in ammonium-treated seedlings, independently from the amount of the cation present in the nutrient solution (from 0.5 to 2.0 mM N), and it was confirmed by the similar accumulation of 15N derived from ammonium source. After 7 days, some changes in ammonium acquisition occurred among treatments, with the highest ammonium uptake efficiency when the urea-to-ammonium ratio was 3:1. Gene expression analyses of enzymes and transporters involved in N nutrition highlight a preferential induction of the cytosolic N-assimilatory pathway (via GS, ASNS) when both urea and ammonium were supplied in conjunction, this response might explain the higher N-acquisition efficiency when both sources are applied. In conclusion, this study provides new insights on plant responses to mixes of N sources that maximize the N-uptake efficiency by crops and thus could allow to adapt agronomic practices in order to limit the economic and environmental impact of N-fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Daniel Said-Pullicino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Mustapha Arkoun
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France.
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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15
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Nitrogen Uptake in Plants: The Plasma Membrane Root Transport Systems from a Physiological and Proteomic Perspective. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040681. [PMID: 33916130 PMCID: PMC8066207 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen nutrition in plants is a key determinant in crop productivity. The availability of nitrogen nutrients in the soil, both inorganic (nitrate and ammonium) and organic (urea and free amino acids), highly differs and influences plant physiology, growth, metabolism, and root morphology. Deciphering this multifaceted scenario is mandatory to improve the agricultural sustainability. In root cells, specific proteins located at the plasma membrane play key roles in the transport and sensing of nitrogen forms. This review outlines the current knowledge regarding the biochemical and physiological aspects behind the uptake of the individual nitrogen forms, their reciprocal interactions, the influences on root system architecture, and the relations with other proteins sustaining fundamental plasma membrane functionalities, such as aquaporins and H+-ATPase. This topic is explored starting from the information achieved in the model plant Arabidopsis and moving to crops in agricultural soils. Moreover, the main contributions provided by proteomics are described in order to highlight the goals and pitfalls of this approach and to get new hints for future studies.
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16
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Liu G, Yang Z, Du J, He A, Yang H, Xue G, Yu C, Zhang Y. Adding NBPT to urea increases N use efficiency of maize and decreases the abundance of N-cycling soil microbes under reduced fertilizer-N rate on the North China Plain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240925. [PMID: 33112905 PMCID: PMC7592763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease inhibitor (UI) and nitrification inhibitor (NI) can reduce N losses from agricultural soils but effects of inhibitors on N cycle are unclear. A field experiment was conducted with maize to test effects of UI (N-(n-Butyl) thiophosphoric, NBPT) and NI (3,4-dimethylepyrazolephosphate, DMPP) on N uptake and N-cycling soil microbes. Five treatments were imposed: no N fertilizer input (CK), conventional fertilization (CF) and 80% of urea input with NBPT (80%U+UI), with DMPP (80%U+NI) and with half NBPT and half DMPP (80%U+1/2(UI+NI)). There were no significant differences in biomass between 80%U+UI, 80%U+NI and CF but harvest index was increased under 80%U+UI and 80%U+NI. Compared to CF, N use efficiency of grain under 80%U+UI was increased by 7.1%, whereas grain yield and N uptake under 80%U+1/2(UI+NI) were decreased by 8.2% and 9.4%, respectively. The peak soil NO3‐‐N content was at about 15 days after fertilization (DAF) under CF but 30 DAF under the inhibitor treatments. In soils of 80%U+UI, the activities of urease and nitrate reductase were decreased between 15–45 DAF and between 5–30 DAF. The abundance of N-cycling soil microbes was affected: 80%U+UI and 80%U+NI reduced the copies of the amoA AOA and nir genes at about 15 days and reduced the copies of the amoA AOB gene at about 30 days. Correlation analysis indicated that there were significant positive relationships between amoA AOB gene and NH4+‐N, as well as between nirK gene and NO3‐‐N. Overall, urea applied with NBPT has greater potential for improving maize N use efficiency and inhibiting nitrification under reduced fertilizer-N applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Liu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanping Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Du
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ailing He
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangyuan Xue
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Congwen Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Research Center, Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Urease and Nitrification Inhibitors—As Mitigation Tools for Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Sustainable Dairy Systems: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12156018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nitrogen fertilizers are utilized to meet 48% of the total global food demand. The demand for nitrogen fertilizers is expected to grow as global populations continue to rise. The use of nitrogen fertilizers is associated with many negative environmental impacts and is a key source of greenhouse and harmful gas emissions. In recent years, urease and nitrification inhibitors have emerged as mitigation tools that are presently utilized in agriculture to prevent nitrogen losses and reduce greenhouse and harmful gas emissions that are associated with the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers. Both classes of inhibitor work by different mechanisms and have different physiochemical properties. Consequently, each class must be evaluated on its own merits. Although there are many benefits associated with the use of these inhibitors, little is known about their potential to enter the food chain, an event that may pose challenges to food safety. This phenomenon was highlighted when the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide was found as a residual contaminant in milk products in 2013. This comprehensive review aims to discuss the uses of inhibitor technologies in agriculture and their possible impacts on dairy product safety and quality, highlighting areas of concern with regards to the introduction of these inhibitor technologies into the dairy supply chain. Furthermore, this review discusses the benefits and challenges of inhibitor usage with a focus on EU regulations, as well as associated health concerns, chemical behavior, and analytical detection methods for these compounds within milk and environmental matrices.
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18
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Can NBPT urease inhibitor in combination with Azospirillum brasilense inoculation improve wheat development? NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10705-020-10061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Vujinović T, Zanin L, Venuti S, Contin M, Ceccon P, Tomasi N, Pinton R, Cesco S, De Nobili M. Biostimulant Action of Dissolved Humic Substances From a Conventionally and an Organically Managed Soil on Nitrate Acquisition in Maize Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1652. [PMID: 32038669 PMCID: PMC6974922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of conventional farming (CF) to organic farming (OF) is claimed to allow a sustainable management of soil resources, but information on changes induced on dissolved organic matter (DOM) are scarce. Among DOM components, dissolved humic substances (DHS) were shown to possess stimulatory effects on plant growth. DHS were isolated from CF and OF soil leacheates collected from soil monolith columns: first in November (bare soils) and then in April and June (bare and planted soils). DHS caused an enhancement of nitrate uptake rates in maize roots and modulated several genes involved in nitrogen acquisition. The DHS from OF soil exerted a stronger biostimulant action on the nitrate uptake system, but the first assimilatory step of nitrate was mainly activated by DHS derived from CF soil. To validate the physiological response of plants to DHS exposure, real-time RT-PCR analyses were performed on those genes most involved in nitrate acquisition, such as ZmNRT2.1, ZmNRT2.2, ZmMHA2 (coding for two high-affinity nitrate transporters and a PM H+-proton pump), ZmNADH:NR, ZmNADPH:NR, and ZmNiR (coding for nitrate reductases and nitrite reductase). All tested DHS fractions induced the upregulation of nitrate reductase (NR), and in particular the OF2 DHS stimulated the expression of both tested transcripts encoding for two NR isoforms. Characteristics of DHS varied during the experiment in both OF and CF soils: a decrease of high molecular weight fractions in the OF soil, a general increase in the carboxylic groups content, as well as diverse structural modifications in OF vs. CF soils were observed. These changes were accelerated in planted soils. Similarity of chemical properties of DHS with the more easily obtainable water-soluble humic substance extracted from peat (WEHS) and the correspondence of their biostimulant actions confirm the validity of studies which employ WEHS as an easily available source of DHS to investigate biostimulant actions on agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Vujinović
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Zanin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Venuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Contin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Ceccon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maria De Nobili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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20
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Van Oosten MJ, Dell’Aversana E, Ruggiero A, Cirillo V, Gibon Y, Woodrow P, Maggio A, Carillo P. Omeprazole Treatment Enhances Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Increased Nitrogen Uptake and Assimilation in Corn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1507. [PMID: 31867024 PMCID: PMC6904362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Omeprazole is a selective proton pump inhibitor in humans that inhibits the H+/K+-ATPase of gastric parietal cells. Omeprazole has been recently shown to act as a plant growth regulator and enhancer of salt stress tolerance. Here, we report that omeprazole treatment in hydroponically grown maize improves nitrogen uptake and assimilation. The presence of micromolar concentrations of omeprazole in the nutrient solution alleviates the chlorosis and growth inhibition induced by low nitrogen availability. Nitrate uptake and assimilation is enhanced in omeprazole treated plants through changes in nitrate reductase activity, primary metabolism, and gene expression. Omeprazole enhances nitrate assimilation through an interaction with nitrate reductase, altering its activation state and affinity for nitrate as a substrate. Omeprazole and its targets represent a novel method for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Dell’Aversana
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies of University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, Bordeaux INP, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Pasqualina Woodrow
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies of University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies of University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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21
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Transgenerational Response to Nitrogen Deprivation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225587. [PMID: 31717351 PMCID: PMC6888700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the major stresses that crops are exposed to. It is plausible to suppose that a stress condition can induce a memory in plants that might prime the following generations. Here, an experimental setup that considered four successive generations of N-sufficient and N-limited Arabidopsis was used to evaluate the existence of a transgenerational memory. The results demonstrated that the ability to take up high amounts of nitrate is induced more quickly as a result of multigenerational stress exposure. This behavior was paralleled by changes in the expression of nitrate responsive genes. RNAseq analyses revealed the enduring modulation of genes in downstream generations, despite the lack of stress stimulus in these plants. The modulation of signaling and transcription factors, such as NIGTs, NFYA and CIPK23 might indicate that there is a complex network operating to maintain the expression of N-responsive genes, such as NRT2.1, NIA1 and NIR. This behavior indicates a rapid acclimation of plants to changes in N availability. Indeed, when fourth generation plants were exposed to N limitation, they showed a rapid induction of N-deficiency responses. This suggests the possible involvement of a transgenerational memory in Arabidopsis that allows plants to adapt efficiently to the environment and this gives an edge to the next generation that presumably will grow in similar stressful conditions.
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22
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Mazzei L, Cianci M, Benini S, Ciurli S. The Structure of the Elusive Urease–Urea Complex Unveils the Mechanism of a Paradigmatic Nickel‐Dependent Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7415-7419. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartement of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of Bologna Via Giuseppe Fanin 40 40138 Bologna Italy
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy
| | - Stefano Benini
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B2Cl)Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bolzano Bolzano Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartement of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of Bologna Via Giuseppe Fanin 40 40138 Bologna Italy
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23
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Mazzei L, Cianci M, Benini S, Ciurli S. The Structure of the Elusive Urease–Urea Complex Unveils the Mechanism of a Paradigmatic Nickel‐Dependent Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartement of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of Bologna Via Giuseppe Fanin 40 40138 Bologna Italy
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of Marche Ancona Italy
| | - Stefano Benini
- Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B2Cl)Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bolzano Bolzano Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartement of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of Bologna Via Giuseppe Fanin 40 40138 Bologna Italy
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24
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Mazzei L, Cianci M, Contaldo U, Ciurli S. Insights into Urease Inhibition by N-( n-Butyl) Phosphoric Triamide through an Integrated Structural and Kinetic Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2127-2138. [PMID: 30735374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nickel-dependent enzyme urease represents a negative element for the efficiency of soil nitrogen fertilization as well as a virulence factor for a large number of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The development of ever more efficient urease inhibitors demands knowledge of their modes of action at the molecular level. N-( n-Butyl)-phosphoric triamide (NBPTO) is the oxo-derivative of N-( n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), which is extensively employed in agriculture to increase the efficiency of urea-based fertilizers. The 1.45 Å resolution structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex obtained upon incubation of Sporosarcina pasteurii urease (SPU) with NBPTO shows the presence of diamido phosphoric acid (DAP), generated upon enzymatic hydrolysis of NBPTO with the release of n-butyl amine. DAP is bound in a tridentate binding mode to the two Ni(II) ions in the active site of urease via two O atoms and an amide NH2 group, whereas the second amide group of DAP points away from the metal center into the active-site channel. The mobile flap modulating the size of the active-site cavity is found in a disordered closed-open conformation. A kinetic characterization of the NBPTO-based inhibition of both bacterial (SPU) and plant ( Canavalia ensiformis or jack bean, JBU) ureases, carried out by calorimetric measurements, indicates the occurrence of a reversible slow-inhibition mode of action. The latter is characterized by a very small value of the equilibrium dissociation constant of the urease-DAP complex caused, in turn, by the large rate constant for the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. The much greater capability of NBPTO to inhibit urease, as compared with that of NBPT, is thus not caused by the presence of a P═O moiety versus a P═S moiety, as previously suggested, but rather by the readiness of NBPTO to react with urease without the need to convert one of the P-NH2 amide moieties to its P-OH acid derivative, as in the case of NBPT. The latter process is indeed characterized by a very small equilibrium constant that reduces drastically the concentration of the active form of the inhibitor in the case of NBPT. This indicates that high-efficiency phosphoramide-based urease inhibitors must have at least one O atom bound to the central P atom in order for the molecule to efficiently and rapidly bind to the dinickel center of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences , Polytechnic University of Marche , 60121 Ancona , Italy
| | - Umberto Contaldo
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy
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Tarsia C, Danielli A, Florini F, Cinelli P, Ciurli S, Zambelli B. Targeting Helicobacter pylori urease activity and maturation: In-cell high-throughput approach for drug discovery. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2245-2253. [PMID: 30048738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium strongly associated with gastric cancer. It thrives in the acidic environment of the gastric niche of large portions of the human population using a unique adaptive mechanism that involves the catalytic activity of the nickel-dependent enzyme urease. Targeting urease represents a key strategy for drug design and H. pylori eradication. METHOD Here, we describe a novel method to screen, directly in the cellular environment, urease inhibitors. A ureolytic Escherichia coli strain was engineered by cloning the entire urease operon in an expression plasmid and used to test in-cell urease inhibition with a high-throughput colorimetric assay. A two-plasmid system was further developed to evaluate the ability of small peptides to block the protein interactions that lead to urease maturation. RESULTS The developed assay is a robust cellular model to test, directly in the cell environment, urease inhibitors. The efficacy of a co-expressed peptide to affect the interaction between UreF and UreD, two accessory proteins necessary for urease activation, was observed. This event involves a process that occurs through folding upon binding, pointing to the importance of intrinsically disordered hot spots in protein interfaces. CONCLUSIONS The developed system allows the concomitant screening of a large number of drug candidates that interfere with the urease activity both at the level of the enzyme catalysis and maturation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE As inhibition of urease has the potential of being a global antibacterial strategy for a large number of infections, this work paves the way for the development of new candidates for antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Tarsia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Florini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Zambelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Cantarella H, Otto R, Soares JR, Silva AGDB. Agronomic efficiency of NBPT as a urease inhibitor: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 13:19-27. [PMID: 30094079 PMCID: PMC6077139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea is the most widely used nitrogen (N) fertilizer, with a projected increase in annual demand of 1.5% in the coming years. After its application to soil, urea undergoes hydrolysis via the urease enzyme, causing increases in the soil pH in the surrounding area of the granules and resulting in NH3 losses that average 16% of N applied worldwide and can reach 40% or more in hot and humid conditions. The use of urease inhibitors is an effective way to reduce NH3 losses. Several compounds act as urease inhibitors, but only N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) has been used worldwide, being the most successful in a market that has grown 16% per year in the past 10 years. Only in the past three years other compounds are being commercially launched. In comparison to urea, NBPT-treated urea reduces NH3 loss by around 53%. Yield gain by NBPT usage is of the order of 6.0% and varies from -0.8 to 10.2% depending on crop species. Nitrification inhibitors usually increase NH3 volatilization and mixing them with urease inhibitors partially offsets the benefits of the latter in reducing NH3 loss. The efficacy of NBPT to reduce NH3 loss is well documented, but there is a need for further improvement to increase the period of inhibition and the shelf life of NBPT-treated urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Cantarella
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Avenida Barao de Itapura 1481, 13020-902 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rafael Otto
- “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Padua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Johnny Rodrigues Soares
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Cândido Rondon, 501, 13083-875 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aijânio Gomes de Brito Silva
- “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Padua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Chen L, Liao H. Engineering crop nutrient efficiency for sustainable agriculture. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:710-735. [PMID: 28600834 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop yields can provide food, animal feed, bioenergy feedstocks and biomaterials to meet increasing global demand; however, the methods used to increase yield can negatively affect sustainability. For example, application of excess fertilizer can generate and maintain high yields but also increases input costs and contributes to environmental damage through eutrophication, soil acidification and air pollution. Improving crop nutrient efficiency can improve agricultural sustainability by increasing yield while decreasing input costs and harmful environmental effects. Here, we review the mechanisms of nutrient efficiency (primarily for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron) and breeding strategies for improving this trait, along with the role of regulation of gene expression in enhancing crop nutrient efficiency to increase yields. We focus on the importance of root system architecture to improve nutrient acquisition efficiency, as well as the contributions of mineral translocation, remobilization and metabolic efficiency to nutrient utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Mazzei L, Cianci M, Contaldo U, Musiani F, Ciurli S. Urease Inhibition in the Presence of N-(n-Butyl)thiophosphoric Triamide, a Suicide Substrate: Structure and Kinetics. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5391-5404. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cianci
- Department
of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Umberto Contaldo
- Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory
of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Gou W, Zheng P, Tian L, Gao M, Zhang L, Akram NA, Ashraf M. Exogenous application of urea and a urease inhibitor improves drought stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:599-609. [PMID: 28324190 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drought is believed to cause many metabolic changes which affect plant growth and development. However, it might be mitigated by various inorganic substances, such as nitrogen. Thus, the study was carried out to investigate the effect of foliar-applied urea with or without urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on a maize cultivar under drought stress simulated by 15% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 6000. Foliar-applied urea resulted in a significant increase in plant dry weight, relative water content, and photosynthetic pigments under water stress condition. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and hydrogen peroxidase (CAT), were enhanced with all spraying treatments under drought stress, which led to decreases in accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar accumulated remarkably with urea-applied under drought stress condition. Moreover, a further enhancement in above metabolites was observed by spraying a mixture of urea and urease inhibitor as compared to urea sprayed only. Taken together, our findings show that foliar application of urea and a urease inhibitor could significantly enhance drought tolerance of maize through protecting photosynthetic apparatus, activating antioxidant defense system and improving osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Pufan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China.
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Zanin L, Venuti S, Tomasi N, Zamboni A, De Brito Francisco RM, Varanini Z, Pinton R. Short-Term Treatment with the Urease Inhibitor N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) Alters Urea Assimilation and Modulates Transcriptional Profiles of Genes Involved in Primary and Secondary Metabolism in Maize Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:845. [PMID: 27446099 PMCID: PMC4916206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To limit nitrogen (N) losses from the soil, it has been suggested to provide urea to crops in conjunction with the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). However, recent studies reported that NBPT affects urea uptake and urease activity in plants. To shed light on these latter aspects, the effects of NBPT were studied analysing transcriptomic and metabolic changes occurring in urea-fed maize seedlings after a short-term exposure to the inhibitor. We provide evidence that NBPT treatment led to a wide reprogramming of plant metabolism. NBPT inhibited the activity of endogenous urease limiting the release and assimilation of ureic-ammonium, with a simultaneous accumulation of urea in plant tissues. Furthermore, NBPT determined changes in the glutamine, glutamate, and asparagine contents. Microarray data indicate that NBPT affects ureic-N assimilation and primary metabolism, such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain, while activates the phenylalanine/tyrosine-derivative pathway. Moreover, the expression of genes relating to the transport and complexation of divalent metals was strongly modulated by NBPT. Data here presented suggest that when NBPT is provided in conjunction with urea an imbalance between C and N compounds might occur in plant cells. Under this condition, root cells also seem to activate a response to maintain the homeostasis of some micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zanin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of UdineUdine, Italy
| | - Silvia Venuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of UdineUdine, Italy
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of UdineUdine, Italy
| | - Anita Zamboni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | | | - Zeno Varanini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of UdineUdine, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Pinton
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