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Venios X, Gkizi D, Nisiotou A, Korkas E, Tjamos SE, Zamioudis C, Banilas G. Emerging Roles of Epigenetics in Grapevine and Winegrowing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38498480 PMCID: PMC10893341 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to dynamic chemical modifications to the genome that can perpetuate gene activity without changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in growth and development. They may also drive plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions by buffering environmental variation. Grapevine is an important perennial fruit crop cultivated worldwide, but mostly in temperate zones with hot and dry summers. The decrease in rainfall and the rise in temperature due to climate change, along with the expansion of pests and diseases, constitute serious threats to the sustainability of winegrowing. Ongoing research shows that epigenetic modifications are key regulators of important grapevine developmental processes, including berry growth and ripening. Variations in epigenetic modifications driven by genotype-environment interplay may also lead to novel phenotypes in response to environmental cues, a phenomenon called phenotypic plasticity. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the emerging field of grapevine epigenetics. We primarily highlight the impact of epigenetics to grapevine stress responses and acquisition of stress tolerance. We further discuss how epigenetics may affect winegrowing and also shape the quality of wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenophon Venios
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, Greece; (X.V.); (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Danai Gkizi
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, Greece; (X.V.); (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Aspasia Nisiotou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “Demeter”, Sofokli Venizelou 1, 14123 Lykovryssi, Greece;
| | - Elias Korkas
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, Greece; (X.V.); (D.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Sotirios E. Tjamos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Zamioudis
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Pantazidou 193, 68200 Orestiada, Greece;
| | - Georgios Banilas
- Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, Greece; (X.V.); (D.G.); (E.K.)
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Moine A, Pugliese M, Monchiero M, Gribaudo I, Gullino ML, Pagliarani C, Gambino G. Effects of fungicide application on physiological and molecular responses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): a comparison between copper and sulfur fungicides applied alone and in combination with novel fungicides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4569-4588. [PMID: 37434047 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical products against fungi and oomycetes pose serious environmental issues. In the last decade, the use of less impacting active ingredients was encouraged to reduce chemical inputs in viticulture. In this study, the effect of different antifungal compounds on grapevine agronomic, physiological, and molecular responses in the vineyard was evaluated in addition to protection against powdery and downy mildews. RESULTS In 2 years and in two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Nebbiolo and Arneis), a conventional crop protection approach, based on traditional fungicides (sulfur and copper), was compared to combined strategies. A well-known resistance inducer (potassium phosphonate), Bacillus pumilus strain QST 2808 and calcium oxide, both active ingredients whose biological interaction with grapevine is poorly characterized, were applied in the combined strategies in association with chemical fungicides. Despite a genotype effect occurred, all treatments optimally controlled powdery and downy mildews, with minimal variations in physiological and molecular responses. Gas exchange, chlorophyll content and photosystem II efficiency increased in treated plants at the end of season, along with a slight improvement in the agronomic performances, and an activation of molecular defense processes linked to stilbene and jasmonate pathways. CONCLUSION The disease control strategies based on potassium phosphonate, Bacillus pumilus strain QST 2808 or calcium oxide combined with traditional chemical compounds did not cause severe limitations in plant ecophysiology, grape quality, and productive yields. The combination of potassium phosphonate and calcium oxide with traditional fungicides can represent a valuable strategy for reducing copper and sulfur inputs in the vineyards, including those organically managed. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Moine
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Pugliese
- Centre of competence for the innovation in the agro-environmental sector (Agroinnova), Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Gullino
- Centre of competence for the innovation in the agro-environmental sector (Agroinnova), Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
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Lee Y, Hoang NV, Do VG, Foster TM, McGhie TK, Kim S, Yang SJ, Park JH, Park J, Lee JY. Identification of genes associated with the regulation of cold tolerance and the RNA movement in the grafted apple. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11583. [PMID: 37463950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In grafted apple, rootstock-derived signals influence scion cold tolerance by initiating physiological changes to survive over the winter. To understand the underlying molecular interactions between scion and rootstock responsive to cold, we developed transcriptomics and metabolomics data in the stems of two scion/rootstock combinations, 'Gala'/'G202' (cold resistant rootstock) and 'Gala'/'M9' (cold susceptible rootstock). Outer layers of scion and rootstock stem, including vascular tissues, were collected from the field-grown grafted apple during the winter. The clustering of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene ontology enrichment indicated distinct expression dynamics in the two graft combinations, which supports the dependency of scion cold tolerance on the rootstock genotypes. We identified 544 potentially mobile mRNAs of DEGs showing highly-correlated seasonal dynamics between scion and rootstock. The mobility of a subset of 544 mRNAs was validated by translocated genome-wide variants and the measurements of selected RNA mobility in tobacco and Arabidopsis. We detected orthologous genes of potentially mobile mRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, which belong to cold regulatory networks with RNA mobility. Together, our study provides a comprehensive insight into gene interactions and signal exchange between scion and rootstock responsive to cold. This will serve for future research to enhance cold tolerance of grafted tree crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of National Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 107, Soboangye-Ro, Gunwi, 39000, South Korea.
| | - Nam V Hoang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of National Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Van Giap Do
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 107, Soboangye-Ro, Gunwi, 39000, South Korea
| | - Toshi M Foster
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 55 Old Mill Road, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Seonae Kim
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 107, Soboangye-Ro, Gunwi, 39000, South Korea
| | - Sang Jin Yang
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 107, Soboangye-Ro, Gunwi, 39000, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyeon Park
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 107, Soboangye-Ro, Gunwi, 39000, South Korea
| | - Jongsung Park
- School of Biological Sciences, College of National Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of National Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Li Q, Yao J, Zheng W, Wang J, Liao L, Sun G, Wang X, Deng H, Zhang M, Wang Z, Xiong B. Hetero-grafting affects flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet orange 'Newhall' ( Citrus sinensis) peels: a metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1218426. [PMID: 37465384 PMCID: PMC10351390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Citrus cultivation involves the widespread practice of grafting, which has a significant impact on citrus development and fruit quality and yield. However, understanding the effect of flavonoid compounds after different rootstock grafting have been limited. Flavonoid compounds, found at the highest levels in citrus peels, contribute to improving fruit quality and nutritional value. In this study, scion-rootstock interaction was investigated at various developmental stages when sweet orange 'Newhall' was hetero-grafted with two commonly used rootstocks (Poncirus trifoliate population, C. junos Siebold ex Tanaka). Physiological index detection showed a higher concentration of total flavonoid content in peels of sweet orange 'Newhall' grafted on Poncirus trifoliate population (ct) than C. junos Siebold ex Tanaka (cj). Further metabolomic analysis identified 703 flavonoid compounds, including flavones, flavonols, and flavanones. Out of the 25 flavonoids affected by different rootstock grafting and developmental stages, most were flavones. Transcriptomic analysis identified 8,562 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Co-expression and Pearson's correlation analysis discovered six hub structure genes and 19 transcription factors (TFs) that affected flavonoid biosynthesis. In addition to increasing the transcript levels of genes that synthesize flavones, flavonols, and flavanones, the scion-rootstock interaction also affected the expression of many TFs. Taken together, our findings suggested that hetero-grafting could promote the accumulation of flavonoid compounds in citrus peels during the development stages. These results offered fresh perspectives on grafting's application usefulness and the enhancement of the accumulation of nutritive flavonoid components by grafting in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Xiong
- *Correspondence: Zhihui Wang, ; Bo Xiong,
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Harris ZN, Pratt JE, Kovacs LG, Klein LL, Kwasniewski MT, Londo JP, Wu AS, Miller AJ. Grapevine scion gene expression is driven by rootstock and environment interaction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:211. [PMID: 37085756 PMCID: PMC10122299 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafting is a horticultural practice used widely across woody perennial crop species to fuse together the root and shoot system of two distinct genotypes, the rootstock and the scion, combining beneficial traits from both. In grapevine, grafting is used in nearly 80% of all commercial vines to optimize fruit quality, regulate vine vigor, and enhance biotic and abiotic stress-tolerance. Rootstocks have been shown to modulate elemental composition, metabolomic profiles, and the shape of leaves in the scion, among other traits. However, it is currently unclear how rootstock genotypes influence shoot system gene expression as previous work has reported complex and often contradictory findings. RESULTS In the present study, we examine the influence of grafting on scion gene expression in leaves and reproductive tissues of grapevines growing under field conditions for three years. We show that the influence from the rootstock genotype is highly tissue and time dependent, manifesting only in leaves, primarily during a single year of our three-year study. Further, the degree of rootstock influence on scion gene expression is driven by interactions with the local environment. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the role of rootstock genotype in modulating scion gene expression is not a consistent, unchanging effect, but rather an effect that varies over time in relation to local environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Harris
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA.
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132-2918, USA.
| | - Julia E Pratt
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132-2918, USA
| | - Laszlo G Kovacs
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S. National Avenue, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Laura L Klein
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132-2918, USA
| | - Misha T Kwasniewski
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, 326 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jason P Londo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Section, Cornell AgriTech, 635 W. North Street, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Angela S Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Saint Louis University, 220 N. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103-2010, USA.
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132-2918, USA.
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Bianchi D, Ricciardi V, Pozzoli C, Grossi D, Caramanico L, Pindo M, Stefani E, Cestaro A, Brancadoro L, De Lorenzis G. Physiological and Transcriptomic Evaluation of Drought Effect on Own-Rooted and Grafted Grapevine Rootstock (1103P and 101-14MGt). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1080. [PMID: 36903939 PMCID: PMC10005690 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines worldwide are grafted onto Vitis spp. rootstocks in order to improve their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the response of vines to drought is the result of the interaction between the scion variety and the rootstock genotype. In this work, the responses of genotypes to drought were evaluated on 1103P and 101-14MGt plants, own-rooted and grafted with Cabernet Sauvignon, in three different water deficit conditions (80, 50, and 20% soil water content, SWC). Gas exchange parameters, stem water potential, root and leaf ABA content, and root and leaf transcriptomic response were investigated. Under well-watered conditions, gas exchange and stem water potential were mainly affected by the grafting condition, whereas under sever water deficit they were affected by the rootstock genotype. Under severe stress conditions (20% SWC), 1103P showed an "avoidance" behavior. It reduced stomatal conductance, inhibited photosynthesis, increased ABA content in the roots, and closed the stomata. The 101-14MGt maintained a high photosynthetic rate, limiting the reduction of soil water potential. This behavior results in a "tolerance" strategy. An analysis of the transcriptome showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were detected at 20% SWC, and more significantly in roots than in leaves. A core set of genes has been highlighted on the roots as being related to the root response to drought that are not affected by genotype nor grafting. Genes specifically regulated by grafting and genes specifically regulated by genotype under drought conditions have been identified as well. The 1103P, more than the 101-14MGt, regulated a high number of genes in both own-rooted and grafted conditions. This different regulation revealed that 1103P rootstock readily perceived the water scarcity and rapidly faced the stress, in agreement with its avoidance strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carola Pozzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Grossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Leila Caramanico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Erika Stefani
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Lucio Brancadoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Ren C, Fan P, Li S, Liang Z. Advances in understanding cold tolerance in grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad092. [PMID: 36789447 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis ssp.) is a deciduous perennial fruit crop, and the canes and buds of grapevine should withstand low temperatures annually during winter. However, the widely cultivated Vitis vinifera is cold-sensitive and cannot survive the severe winter in regions with extremely low temperatures, such as viticulture regions in northern China. By contrast, a few wild Vitis species like V. amurensis and V. riparia exhibit excellent freezing tolerance. However, the mechanisms underlying grapevine cold tolerance remain largely unknown. In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms, owing to the advances in sequencing and molecular biotechnology. Assembly of grapevine genomes together with resequencing and transcriptome data enable researchers to conduct genomic and transcriptomic analyses in various grapevine genotypes and populations to explore genetic variations involved in cold tolerance. In addition, a number of pivotal genes have been identified and functionally characterized. In this review, we summarize recent major advances in physiological and molecular analyses of cold tolerance in grapevine and put forward questions in this field. We also discuss the strategies for improving the tolerance of grapevine to cold stress. Understanding grapevine cold tolerance will facilitate the development of grapevines for adaption to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
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Trouvelot S, Lemaitre-Guillier C, Vallet J, Jacquens L, Douillet A, Harir M, Larignon P, Roullier-Gall C, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Adrian M, Fontaine F. Sodium arsenite-induced changes in the wood of esca-diseased grapevine at cytological and metabolomic levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141700. [PMID: 37180397 PMCID: PMC10173745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the past, most grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have been controlled by treatments with sodium arsenite. For obvious reasons, sodium arsenite was banned in vineyards, and consequently, the management of GTDs is difficult due to the lack of methods with similar effectiveness. Sodium arsenite is known to have a fungicide effect and to affect the leaf physiology, but its effect on the woody tissues where the GTD pathogens are present is still poorly understood. This study thus focuses on the effect of sodium arsenite in woody tissues, particularly in the interaction area between asymptomatic wood and necrotic wood resulting from the GTD pathogens' activities. Metabolomics was used to obtain a metabolite fingerprint of sodium arsenite treatment and microscopy to visualize its effects at the histo-cytological level. The main results are that sodium arsenite impacts both metabolome and structural barriers in plant wood. We reported a stimulator effect on plant secondary metabolites in the wood, which add to its fungicide effect. Moreover, the pattern of some phytotoxins is affected, suggesting the possible effect of sodium arsenite in the pathogen metabolism and/or plant detoxification process. This study brings new elements to understanding the mode of action of sodium arsenite, which is useful in developing sustainable and eco-friendly strategies to better manage GTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christelle Lemaitre-Guillier
- Agroécologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Julie Vallet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP) USC Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE) 1488, Reims, France
| | - Lucile Jacquens
- Agroécologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Antonin Douillet
- Agroécologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair Analyt Food Chem, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Philippe Larignon
- Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV) Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Rodilhan, France
| | | | | | - Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Unité de recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP) USC Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE) 1488, Reims, France
- *Correspondence: Florence Fontaine,
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9
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Patono DL, Said‐Pullicino D, Eloi Alcatrāo L, Firbus A, Ivaldi G, Chitarra W, Ferrandino A, Ricauda Aimonino D, Celi L, Gambino G, Perrone I, Lovisolo C. Photosynthetic recovery in drought-rehydrated grapevines is associated with high demand from the sinks, maximizing the fruit-oriented performance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1098-1111. [PMID: 36209488 PMCID: PMC9828513 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand how grapevine sinks compete with each other during water stress and subsequent rehydration, carbon (C) allocation patterns in drought-rehydrated vines (REC) at the beginning of fruit ripening were compared with control vines maintained under drought (WS) or fully irrigated (WW). In the 30 days following rehydration, the quantity and distribution of newly fixed C between leaves, roots and fruits was evaluated through 13 CO2 pulse-labeling and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry. REC plants diverted the same percentage of fixed C towards the berries as the WS plants, although the percentage was higher than that of WW plants. Net photosynthesis (measured simultaneously with root respiration in a multichamber system for analysis of gas exchange above- and below-ground) was approximately two-fold greater in REC compared to WS treatment, and comparable or even higher than in WW plants. Maximizing C assimilation and delivery in REC plants led to a significantly higher amount of newly fixed C compared to both control treatments, already 2 days after rehydration in root, and 2 days later in the berries, in line with the expression of genes responsible for sugar metabolism. In REC plants, the increase in C assimilation was able to support the requests of the sinks during fruit ripening, without affecting the reserves, as was the case in WS. These mechanisms clarify what is experienced in fruit crops, when occasional rain or irrigation events are more effective in determining sugar delivery towards fruits, rather than constant and satisfactory water availabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide L. Patono
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Daniel Said‐Pullicino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Leandro Eloi Alcatrāo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Andrea Firbus
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Giorgio Ivaldi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research CouncilTurinItaly
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics‐Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA‐VE)ConeglianoItaly
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | | | - Luisella Celi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research CouncilTurinItaly
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research CouncilTurinItaly
| | - Claudio Lovisolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoItaly
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research CouncilTurinItaly
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10
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Nazir F, Ahmad T, Malik SI, Ahmed M, Bashir MA. Wild grapevines as rootstock regulate the oxidative defense system of in vitro grafted scion varieties under drought stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274387. [PMID: 36099319 PMCID: PMC9469993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The narrow genetic base of modern cultivars is becoming a key bottleneck for crop improvement and the use of wild relatives is an appropriate approach to improve the genetic diversity of crops to manage the sustainable production under different abiotic and biotic constraints. In Pakistan, wild germplasm of grapevine viz Dakh, Toran, and Zarishk belong to Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and Fatati belong to Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa is naturally present in humid and sub-humid areas of mountainous and sub-mountainous regions and showed varying level of tolerance against drought stress but have not been evaluated as rootstock. In this study, different tolerant behavior of wild grapevines as rootstock in grafted scion varieties were explored under different levels of PEG-6000 mediated drought stress i.e., -4.00, -6.00, and -8.00 bars. In response to drought stress, wild grapevines evoked several non-enzymatic and enzymatic activities. Among non-enzymatic activities, total chlorophyll contents of commercial varieties were sustained at higher level when grafted on wild grapevines Dakh and Fatati which subsequently reduced the damage of cell membrane via MDA. Whereas, to cope the membranous damage due to excessive cellular generation of ROS, wild grapevines triggered the enhanced activities of SOD to dismutase the free oxygen radicals into H2O2, then CAT enzyme convert the H2O2 into water molecules. Higher accumulation of ROS in commercial scion varieties were also coped by wild grapevines Dakh and Fatati through the upregulation of POD and APX enzymes activities. Based on these enzymatic and non-enzymatic indices, biplot and cluster analysis classified the wild grapevines as rootstock into three distinct categories comprises on relatively tolerant i.e., Dakh (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) and Fatati (Vitis vinifera subsp. sativa), moderate tolerant i.e., Toran (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) and relatively susceptible category i.e., Zarishk (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Nazir
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- National Center of Industrial Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- National Center of Industrial Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Saad Imran Malik
- National Center of Industrial Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Bashir
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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11
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Han X, Wang Y, Lu HC, Yang HY, Li HQ, Gao XT, Pei XX, He F, Duan CQ, Wang J. The combined influence of rootstock and vintage climate on the grape and wine flavonoids of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon in eastern China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978497. [PMID: 36051296 PMCID: PMC9424884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rootstocks are commonly utilized owing to their resistance to abiotic and biotic stress in viticulture. This study evaluated the effects of three rootstocks (1103P, SO4, and 5A) on the Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) vine growth, and their berries and wines flavonoids profiles in four consecutive vintages. The results showed that 1103P increased the pruning weight of CS and decreased the anthocyanin concentration in berries and wines, especially in the vintages with more rainy and cloudy days. 5A tended to decrease the pruning weight of CS and increase the anthocyanin concentration in berries and wines. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that the concentrations of total anthocyanins, F3'H-anthocyanins, malvidin-3-O-glucoside (Mv-glu), and malvidin-3-O-acetylglucoside (Mv-acglu) were the key substances affected by the rootstocks in CS berries and were significantly decreased by 1103P. Total anthocyanins, pinotins, Mv-glu, epicatechin, and vitisins were the rootstock-sensitive compounds that commonly differed in wines among the three comparison groups in the two vintages. Furthermore, 1103P brought more brightness to the wine and 5A gave the wine more red tones. In conclusion, rootstock 5A was recommended in the rainy and cloudy climate regions with regard to the berry flavonoids accumulation and the wine color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hang-Yu Yang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Qing Li
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Gao
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Pei
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Fei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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12
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Nerva L, Garcia JF, Favaretto F, Giudice G, Moffa L, Sandrini M, Cantu D, Zanzotto A, Gardiman M, Velasco R, Gambino G, Chitarra W. The hidden world within plants: metatranscriptomics unveils the complexity of wood microbiomes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2682-2697. [PMID: 35106548 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The importance of plants as complex entities influenced by genomes of the associated microorganisms is now seen as a new source of variability for a more sustainable agriculture, also in the light of ongoing climate change. For this reason, we investigated through metatranscriptomics whether the taxa profile and behaviour of microbial communities associated with the wood of 20-year-old grapevine plants are influenced by the health status of the host. We report for the first time a metatranscriptome from a complex tissue in a real environment, highlighting that this approach is able to define the microbial community better than referenced transcriptomic approaches. In parallel, the use of total RNA enabled the identification of bacterial taxa in healthy samples that, once isolated from the original wood tissue, displayed potential biocontrol activities against a wood-degrading fungal taxon. Furthermore, we revealed an unprecedented high number of new viral entities (~120 new viral species among 180 identified) associated with a single and limited environment and with potential impact on the whole holobiont. Taken together, our results suggest a complex multitrophic interaction in which the viral community also plays a crucial role in raising new ecological questions for the exploitation of microbial-assisted sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nerva
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Jadran F Garcia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Francesco Favaretto
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
- University of Padova, Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment (DAFNAE), Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Gaetano Giudice
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
- University of Milano, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DiSAA), Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Loredana Moffa
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Sandrini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Alessandro Zanzotto
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Massimo Gardiman
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
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13
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Zhang F, Zhong H, Zhou X, Pan M, Xu J, Liu M, Wang M, Liu G, Xu T, Wang Y, Wu X, Xu Y. Grafting with rootstocks promotes phenolic compound accumulation in grape berry skin during development based on integrative multi-omics analysis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac055. [PMID: 35664240 PMCID: PMC9154076 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In viticulture, grafting has been practiced widely and influences grape development as well as berry and wine quality. However, there is limited understanding of the effects of rootstocks on grape phenolic compounds, which are located primarily in the berry skin and contribute to certain sensory attributes of wine. In this study, scion-rootstock interactions were investigated at the green-berry stage and the veraison stage when grapevines were hetero-grafted with three commonly used rootstock genotypes (5BB, 101-14MG, and SO4). Physiological investigations showed that hetero-grafts, especially CS/5BB, contained higher concentrations of total proanthocyanidins (PAs) and various PA components in berry skins compared with the auto-grafted grapevines. Further metabolomics analysis identified 105 differentially accumulated flavonoid compounds, the majority of which, including anthocyanins, PAs, and flavonols, were significantly increased in the berry skins of hetero-grafted grapevines compared with auto-grafted controls. In addition, transcriptomic analysis of the same samples identified several thousand differentially expressed genes between hetero-grafted and auto-grafted vines. The three rootstocks not only increased the transcript levels of stilbene, anthocyanin, PA, and flavonol synthesis genes but also affected the expression of numerous transcription factor genes. Taken together, our results suggest that hetero-grafting can promote phenolic compound accumulation in grape berry skin during development. These findings provide new insights for improving the application value of grafting by enhancing the accumulation of nutritious phenolic components in grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingqi Pan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Yan Xu
- Corresponding author: E-mail: ;
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14
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Dong D, Shi YN, Mou ZM, Chen SY, Zhao DK. Grafting: a potential method to reveal the differential accumulation mechanism of secondary metabolites. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac050. [PMID: 35591927 PMCID: PMC9113227 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites make a great contribution to the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. Their accumulation is determined by the integrated transport of target compounds and their biosynthesis-related RNA, protein, or DNA. However, it is hard to track the movement of these biomolecules in vivo. Grafting may be an ideal method to solve this problem. The differences in genetic and metabolic backgrounds between rootstock and scion, coupled with multiple omics approaches and other molecular tools, make it feasible to determine the movement of target compounds, RNAs, proteins, and DNAs. In this review, we will introduce methods of using the grafting technique, together with molecular biological tools, to reveal the differential accumulation mechanism of plant secondary metabolites at different levels. Details of the case of the transport of one diterpene alkaloid, fuziline, will be further illustrated to clarify how the specific accumulation model is shaped with the help of grafting and multiple molecular biological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Dong
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Ya-Na Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zong-Min Mou
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Sui-Yun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Da-Ke Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
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15
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Habibi F, Liu T, Folta K, Sarkhosh A. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grafting in fruit trees. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac032. [PMID: 35184166 PMCID: PMC8976691 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a widely used practice for asexual propagation of fruit trees. Many physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes occur upon grafting that can influence important horticultural traits. This technology has many advantages, including avoidance of juvenility, modifying the scion architecture, improving productivity, adapting scion cultivars to unfavourable environmental conditions, and developing traits in resistance to insect pests, bacterial and fungal diseases. A limitation of grafting is scion-rootstock incompatibility. It may be caused by many factors, including insufficient genetic proximity, physiological or biochemical factors, lignification at the graft union, poor graft architecture, insufficient cell recognition between union tissues, and metabolic differences in the scion and the rootstock. Plant hormones, like auxin, ethylene (ET), cytokinin (CK), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) orchestrate several crucial physiological and biochemical processes happening at the site of the graft union. Additionally, epigenetic changes at the union affect chromatin architecture by DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules. The mechanism triggering these effects likely is affected by hormonal crosstalk, protein and small molecules movement, nutrients uptake, and transport in the grafted trees. This review provides an overview of the basis of physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of fruit tree grafting between scion and rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Tie Liu
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Kevin Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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16
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Nerva L, Guaschino M, Pagliarani C, De Rosso M, Lovisolo C, Chitarra W. Spray-induced gene silencing targeting a glutathione S-transferase gene improves resilience to drought in grapevine. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:347-361. [PMID: 34799858 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Along with the ongoing climate change, drought events are predicted to become more severe. In this context, the spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) technique could represent a useful strategy to improve crop stress resilience. A previous study demonstrated that the Arabidopsis mutants for a glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene had increased abscisic acid (ABA) levels and a more activated antioxidant system, both features that improved drought resilience. Here, we used SIGS to target a putative grape GST gene (VvGST40). Then, ecophysiological, biochemical and molecular responses of 'Chardonnay' cuttings were analysed during a drought and recovery time-course. Gas exchange, ABA and t-resveratrol concentration as well as expression of stress-related genes were monitored in not treated controls, dsRNA-VvGST40- and dsRNA-GFP- (negative control of the technique) treated plants, either submitted or not to drought. VvGST40-treated plants revealed increased resilience to severe drought as attested by the ecophysiological data. Analysis of target metabolites and antioxidant- and ABA-related transcripts confirmed that VvGST40-treated plants were in a priming status compared with controls. SIGS targeting an endogenous gene was successfully applied in grapevine, confirming the ability of this technique to be exploited not only for plant protection issues but also for functional genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nerva
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano, TV, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Micol Guaschino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano, TV, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Mirko De Rosso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano, TV, Italy
| | - Claudio Lovisolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE), Conegliano, TV, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR), Torino, TO, Italy
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17
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Dal Santo S, De Paoli E, Pagliarani C, Amato A, Celii M, Boccacci P, Zenoni S, Gambino G, Perrone I. Stress responses and epigenomic instability mark the loss of somatic embryogenesis competence in grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:490-508. [PMID: 34726761 PMCID: PMC8774814 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) represents the most appropriate tool for next-generation breeding methods in woody plants such as grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). However, in this species, the SE competence is strongly genotype-dependent and the molecular basis of this phenomenon is poorly understood. We explored the genetic and epigenetic basis of SE in grapevine by profiling the transcriptome, epigenome, and small RNAome of undifferentiated, embryogenic, and non-embryogenic callus tissues derived from two genotypes differing in competence for SE, Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon. During the successful formation of embryonic callus, we observed the upregulation of epigenetic-related transcripts and short interfering RNAs in association with DNA hypermethylation at transposable elements in both varieties. Nevertheless, the switch to nonembryonic development matched the incomplete reinforcement of transposon silencing, and the evidence of such effect was more apparent in the recalcitrant Cabernet Sauvignon. Transcriptomic differences between the two genotypes were maximized already at early stage of culture where the recalcitrant variety expressed a broad panel of genes related to stress responses and secondary metabolism. Our data provide a different angle on the SE molecular dynamics that can be exploited to leverage SE as a biotechnological tool for fruit crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dal Santo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Emanuele De Paoli
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Mirko Celii
- Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino 10135, Italy
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18
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Rubio B, Stammitti L, Cookson SJ, Teyssier E, Gallusci P. Small RNA populations reflect the complex dialogue established between heterograft partners in grapevine. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab067. [PMID: 35048109 PMCID: PMC8935936 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is an ancient method that has been intensively used for the clonal propagation of vegetables and woody trees. Despite its importance in agriculture the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic changes of plants following grafting are still poorly understood. In the present study, we analyse the populations of small RNAs in homo and heterografts and take advantage of the sequence differences in the genomes of heterograft partners to analyse the possible exchange of small RNAs. We demonstrate that the type of grafting per se dramatically influences the small RNA populations independently of genotypes but also show genotype specific effects. In addition, we demonstrate that bilateral exchanges of small RNAs, mainly short interfering RNAs, may occur in heterograft with the preferential transfer of small RNAs from the scion to the rootstock. Altogether, the results suggest that small RNAs may have an important role in the phenotype modifications observed in heterografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Rubio
- EGFV, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Linda Stammitti
- EGFV, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sarah Jane Cookson
- EGFV, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Emeline Teyssier
- EGFV, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Gallusci
- EGFV, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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19
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Differential Protein Expression in Berry Skin from Red Grapes with Varying Hybrid Character. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031051. [PMID: 35162980 PMCID: PMC8835309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein expression from the berry skin of four red grape biotypes with varying hybrid character was compared at a proteome-wide level to identify the metabolic pathways underlying divergent patterns of secondary metabolites. A bottom-up shotgun proteomics approach with label-free quantification and MaxQuant-assisted computational analysis was applied. Red grapes were from (i) purebred Vitis vinifera (Aglianico cv.); (ii) V. vinifera (local Sciascinoso cv.) grafted onto an American rootstock; (iii) interspecific hybrid (V. vinifera × V. labrusca, Isabel), and (iv) uncharacterized grape genotype with hybrid lineage, producing relatively abundant anthocyanidin 3,5-O-diglucosides. Proteomics supported the differences between hybrids and purebred V. vinifera grapes, consistently with distinct phenotypic metabolite assets. Methanol O-anthraniloyltransferase, which catalyses the synthesis of methyl anthranilate, primarily responsible for the “foxy” odour, was exclusive of the Isabel hybrid grape. Most of the proteins with different expression profiles converged into coordinated biosynthetic networks of primary metabolism, while many possible enzymes of secondary metabolism pathways, including 5-glucosyltransferases expected for hybrid grapes, remained unassigned due to incomplete protein annotation for the Vitis genus. Minor differences of protein expression distinguished V. vinifera scion grafted onto American rootstocks from purebred V. vinifera skin grapes, supporting a slight influence of the rootstock on the grape metabolism.
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20
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Harris ZN, Awale M, Bhakta N, Chitwood DH, Fennell A, Frawley E, Klein LL, Kovacs LG, Kwasniewski M, Londo JP, Ma Q, Migicovsky Z, Swift JF, Miller AJ. Multi-dimensional leaf phenotypes reflect root system genotype in grafted grapevine over the growing season. Gigascience 2021; 10:giab087. [PMID: 34966928 PMCID: PMC8716362 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern biological approaches generate volumes of multi-dimensional data, offering unprecedented opportunities to address biological questions previously beyond reach owing to small or subtle effects. A fundamental question in plant biology is the extent to which below-ground activity in the root system influences above-ground phenotypes expressed in the shoot system. Grafting, an ancient horticultural practice that fuses the root system of one individual (the rootstock) with the shoot system of a second, genetically distinct individual (the scion), is a powerful experimental system to understand below-ground effects on above-ground phenotypes. Previous studies on grafted grapevines have detected rootstock influence on scion phenotypes including physiology and berry chemistry. However, the extent of the rootstock's influence on leaves, the photosynthetic engines of the vine, and how those effects change over the course of a growing season, are still largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we investigate associations between rootstock genotype and shoot system phenotypes using 5 multi-dimensional leaf phenotyping modalities measured in a common grafted scion: ionomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, morphometrics, and physiology. Rootstock influence is ubiquitous but subtle across modalities, with the strongest signature of rootstock observed in the leaf ionome. Moreover, we find that the extent of rootstock influence on scion phenotypes and patterns of phenomic covariation are highly dynamic across the season. CONCLUSIONS These findings substantially expand previously identified patterns to demonstrate that rootstock influence on scion phenotypes is complex and dynamic and underscore that broad understanding necessitates volumes of multi-dimensional data previously unmet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Harris
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918, USA
| | - Mani Awale
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Niyati Bhakta
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918, USA
| | - Daniel H Chitwood
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anne Fennell
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Emma Frawley
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918, USA
| | - Laura L Klein
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918, USA
| | - Laszlo G Kovacs
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S. National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Misha Kwasniewski
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 135 Eckles Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jason P Londo
- Grape Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, 1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Joel F Swift
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918, USA
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918, USA
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21
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Vondras AM, Lerno L, Massonnet M, Minio A, Rowhani A, Liang D, Garcia J, Quiroz D, Figueroa‐Balderas R, Golino DA, Ebeler SE, Al Rwahnih M, Cantu D. Rootstock influences the effect of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses on berry development and metabolism via abscisic acid signalling. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:984-1005. [PMID: 34075700 PMCID: PMC8295520 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) infections are accompanied by symptoms influenced by host genotype, rootstock, environment, and which individual or combination of GLRaVs is present. Using a dedicated experimental vineyard, we studied the responses to GLRaVs in ripening berries from Cabernet Franc grapevines grafted to different rootstocks and with zero, one, or pairs of leafroll infection(s). RNA sequencing data were mapped to a high-quality Cabernet Franc genome reference assembled to carry out this study and integrated with hormone and metabolite abundance data. This study characterized conserved and condition-dependent responses to GLRaV infection(s). Common responses to GLRaVs were reproduced in two consecutive years and occurred in plants grafted to different rootstocks in more than one infection condition. Though different infections were inconsistently distinguishable from one another, the effects of infections in plants grafted to different rootstocks were distinct at each developmental stage. Conserved responses included the modulation of genes related to pathogen detection, abscisic acid (ABA) signalling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and cytoskeleton remodelling. ABA, ABA glucose ester, ABA and hormone signalling-related gene expression, and the expression of genes in several transcription factor families differentiated the effects of GLRaVs in berries from Cabernet Franc grapevines grafted to different rootstocks. These results support that ABA participates in the shared responses to GLRaV infection and differentiates the responses observed in grapevines grafted to different rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Vondras
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Larry Lerno
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mélanie Massonnet
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea Minio
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adib Rowhani
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dingren Liang
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jadran Garcia
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniela Quiroz
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Deborah A. Golino
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susan E. Ebeler
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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22
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Reinvigoration/Rejuvenation Induced through Micrografting of Tree Species: Signaling through Graft Union. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061197. [PMID: 34208406 PMCID: PMC8231136 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Trees have a distinctive and generally long juvenile period during which vegetative growth rate is rapid and floral organs do not differentiate. Among trees, the juvenile period can range from 1 year to 15–20 years, although with some forest tree species, it can be longer. Vegetative propagation of trees is usually much easier during the juvenile phase than with mature phase materials. Therefore, reversal of maturity is often necessary in order to obtain materials in which rooting ability has been restored. Micrografting has been developed for trees to address reinvigoration/rejuvenation of elite selections to facilitate vegetative propagation. Generally, shoots obtained after serial grafting have increased rooting competence and develop juvenile traits; in some cases, graft-derived shoots show enhanced in vitro proliferation. Recent advances in graft signaling have shown that several factors, e.g., plant hormones, proteins, and different types of RNA, could be responsible for changes in the scion. The focus of this review includes (1) a discussion of the differences between the juvenile and mature growth phases in trees, (2) successful restoration of juvenile traits through micrografting, and (3) the nature of the different signals passing through the graft union.
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23
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The Impact of Metabolic Scion-Rootstock Interactions in Different Grapevine Tissues and Phloem Exudates. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060349. [PMID: 34070718 PMCID: PMC8228596 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In viticulture, grafting is used to propagate Phylloxera-susceptible European grapevines, thereby using resistant American rootstocks. Although scion–rootstock reciprocal signaling is essential for the formation of a proper vascular union and for coordinated growth, our knowledge of graft partner interactions is very limited. In order to elucidate the scale and the content of scion–rootstock metabolic interactions, we profiled the metabolome of eleven graft combination in leaves, stems, and phloem exudate from both above and below the graft union 5–6 months after grafting. We compared the metabolome of scions vs. rootstocks of homografts vs. heterografts and investigated the reciprocal effect of the rootstock on the scion metabolome. This approach revealed that (1) grafting has a minor impact on the metabolome of grafted grapevines when tissues and genotypes were compared, (2) heterografting affects rootstocks more than scions, (3) the presence of a heterologous grafting partner increases defense-related compounds in both scion and rootstocks in shorter and longer distances from the graft, and (4) leaves were revealed as the best tissue to search for grafting-related metabolic markers. These results will provide a valuable metabolomics resource for scion–rootstock interaction studies and will facilitate future efforts on the identification of metabolic markers for important agronomic traits in grafted grapevines.
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24
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Secondary Metabolism and Defense Responses Are Differently Regulated in Two Grapevine Cultivars during Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063045. [PMID: 33802641 PMCID: PMC8002507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera ‘Nebbiolo’ is one of the most important wine grape cultivars used to produce prestigious high-quality wines known throughout the world, such as Barolo and Barbaresco. ‘Nebbiolo’ is a distinctive genotype characterized by medium/high vigor, long vegetative and ripening cycles, and limited berry skin color rich in 3′-hydroxylated anthocyanins. To investigate the molecular basis of these characteristics, ‘Nebbiolo’ berries collected at three different stages of ripening (berry pea size, véraison, and harvest) were compared with V. vinifera ‘Barbera’ berries, which are rich in 3′,5′-hydroxylated anthocyanins, using transcriptomic and analytical approaches. In two consecutive seasons, the two genotypes confirmed their characteristic anthocyanin profiles associated with a different modulation of their transcriptomes during ripening. Secondary metabolism and response to stress were the functional categories that most differentially changed between ‘Nebbiolo’ and ‘Barbera’. The profile rich in 3′-hydroxylated anthocyanins of ‘Nebbiolo’ was likely linked to a transcriptional downregulation of key genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, at berry pea size, the defense metabolism was more active in ‘Nebbiolo’ than ‘Barbera’ in absence of biotic attacks. Accordingly, several pathogenesis-related proteins, WRKY transcription factors, and stilbene synthase genes were overexpressed in ‘Nebbiolo’, suggesting an interesting specific regulation of defense pathways in this genotype that deserves to be further explored.
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25
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Kapazoglou A, Tani E, Avramidou EV, Abraham EM, Gerakari M, Megariti S, Doupis G, Doulis AG. Epigenetic Changes and Transcriptional Reprogramming Upon Woody Plant Grafting for Crop Sustainability in a Changing Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:613004. [PMID: 33510757 PMCID: PMC7835530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.613004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant grafting is an ancient agricultural practice widely employed in crops such as woody fruit trees, grapes, and vegetables, in order to improve plant performance. Successful grafting requires the interaction of compatible scion and rootstock genotypes. This involves an intricate network of molecular mechanisms operating at the graft junction and associated with the development and the physiology of the scion, ultimately leading to improved agricultural characteristics such as fruit quality and increased tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. Bidirectional transfer of molecular signals such as hormones, nutrients, proteins, and nucleic acids from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa have been well documented. In recent years, studies on rootstock-scion interactions have proposed the existence of an epigenetic component in grafting reactions. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules are known to modulate chromatin architecture, leading to gene expression changes and impacting cellular function. Mobile small RNAs (siRNAs) migrating across the graft union from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa mediate modifications in the DNA methylation pattern of the recipient partner, leading to altered chromatin structure and transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, graft-induced DNA methylation changes and gene expression shifts in the scion have been associated with variations in graft performance. If these changes are heritable they can lead to stably altered phenotypes and affect important agricultural traits, making grafting an alternative to breeding for the production of superior plants with improved traits. However, most reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying this process comprise studies related to vegetable grafting. In this review we will provide a comprehensive presentation of the current knowledge on the epigenetic changes and transcriptional reprogramming associated with the rootstock-scion interaction focusing on woody plant species, including the recent findings arising from the employment of advanced-omics technologies as well as transgrafting methodologies and their potential exploitation for generating superior quality grafts in woody species. Furthermore, will discuss graft-induced heritable epigenetic changes leading to novel plant phenotypes and their implication to woody crop improvement for yield, quality, and stress resilience, within the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Kapazoglou
- Department of Vitis, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture (IOSV), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tani
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia V. Avramidou
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Athens, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni M. Abraham
- Laboratory of Range Science, Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Gerakari
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Megariti
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Doupis
- Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Sub-Tropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter) (fr. NAGREF), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andreas G. Doulis
- Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Sub-Tropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter (HAO-Demeter) (fr. NAGREF), Heraklion, Greece
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26
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Trenti M, Lorenzi S, Bianchedi PL, Grossi D, Failla O, Grando MS, Emanuelli F. Candidate genes and SNPs associated with stomatal conductance under drought stress in Vitis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33407127 PMCID: PMC7789618 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the complexity of the vine plant's response to water deficit represents a major challenge for sustainable winegrowing. Regulation of water use requires a coordinated action between scions and rootstocks on which cultivars are generally grafted to cope with phylloxera infestations. In this regard, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach was applied on an 'ad hoc' association mapping panel including different Vitis species, in order to dissect the genetic basis of transpiration-related traits and to identify genomic regions of grape rootstocks associated with drought tolerance mechanisms. The panel was genotyped with the GrapeReSeq Illumina 20 K SNP array and SSR markers, and infrared thermography was applied to estimate stomatal conductance values during progressive water deficit. RESULTS In the association panel the level of genetic diversity was substantially lower for SNPs loci (0.32) than for SSR (0.87). GWAS detected 24 significant marker-trait associations along the various stages of drought-stress experiment and 13 candidate genes with a feasible role in drought response were identified. Gene expression analysis proved that three of these genes (VIT_13s0019g03040, VIT_17s0000g08960, VIT_18s0001g15390) were actually induced by drought stress. Genetic variation of VIT_17s0000g08960 coding for a raffinose synthase was further investigated by resequencing the gene of 85 individuals since a SNP located in the region (chr17_10,497,222_C_T) was significantly associated with stomatal conductance. CONCLUSIONS Our results represent a step forward towards the dissection of genetic basis that modulate the response to water deprivation in grape rootstocks. The knowledge derived from this study may be useful to exploit genotypic and phenotypic diversity in practical applications and to assist further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Trenti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Bianchedi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Daniele Grossi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Emanuelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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27
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Richter R, Rossmann S, Gabriel D, Töpfer R, Theres K, Zyprian E. Differential expression of transcription factor- and further growth-related genes correlates with contrasting cluster architecture in Vitis vinifera 'Pinot Noir' and Vitis spp. genotypes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:3249-3272. [PMID: 32812062 PMCID: PMC7567691 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important crop that needs to comply with high quality standards for fruit, juice and wine production. Intense plant protection is required to avoid fungal damage. Grapevine cultivars with loose cluster architecture enable reducing protective treatments due to their enhanced resilience against fungal infections, such as Botrytis cinerea-induced gray mold. A recent study identified transcription factor gene VvGRF4 as determinant of pedicel length, an important component of cluster architecture, in samples of two loose and two compact quasi-isogenic 'Pinot Noir' clones. Here, we extended the analysis to 12 differently clustered 'Pinot Noir' clones from five diverse clonal selection programs. Differential gene expression of these clones was studied in three different locations over three seasons. Two phenotypically opposite clones were grown at all three locations and served for standardization. Data were correlated with the phenotypic variation of cluster architecture sub-traits. A set of 14 genes with consistent expression differences between loosely and compactly clustered clones-independent from season and location-was newly identified. These genes have annotations related to cellular growth, cell division and auxin metabolism and include two more transcription factor genes, PRE6 and SEP1-like. The differential expression of VvGRF4 in relation to loose clusters was exclusively found in 'Pinot Noir' clones. Gene expression studies were further broadened to phenotypically contrasting F1 individuals of an interspecific cross and OIV reference varieties of loose cluster architecture. This investigation confirmed PRE6 and six growth-related genes to show differential expression related to cluster architecture over genetically divergent backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Richter
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn Institute, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rossmann
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Doreen Gabriel
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Julius Kühn Institute, Bundesallee 58, 38116, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn Institute, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Theres
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Zyprian
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn Institute, 76833, Siebeldingen, Germany.
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28
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Gilardi G, Chitarra W, Moine A, Mezzalama M, Boccacci P, Pugliese M, Gullino ML, Gambino G. Biological and molecular interplay between two viruses and powdery and downy mildews in two grapevine cultivars. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:188. [PMID: 33328482 PMCID: PMC7603506 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine may be affected simultaneously by several pathogens whose complex interplay is largely unknown. We studied the effects of infection by two grapevine viruses on powdery mildew and downy mildew development and the molecular modifications induced in grapevines by their multiple interactions. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) were transmitted by in vitro-grafting to Vitis vinifera cv Nebbiolo and Chardonnay virus-free plantlets regenerated by somatic embryogenesis. Grapevines were then artificially inoculated in the greenhouse with either Plasmopara viticola or Erysiphe necator spores. GFLV-infected plants showed a reduction in severity of the diseases caused by powdery and downy mildews in comparison to virus-free plants. GFLV induced the overexpression of stilbene synthase genes, pathogenesis-related proteins, and influenced the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in grapevine. These transcriptional changes suggest improved innate plant immunity, which makes the GFLV-infected grapevines less susceptible to other biotic attacks. This, however, cannot be extrapolated to GRSPaV as it was unable to promote protection against the fungal/oomycete pathogens. In these multiple interactions, the grapevine genotype seemed to have a crucial role: in 'Nebbiolo', the virus-induced molecular changes were different from those observed in 'Chardonnay', suggesting that different metabolic pathways may be involved in protection against fungal/oomycete pathogens. These results indicate that complex interactions do exist between grapevine and its different pathogens and represent the first study on a topic that still is largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Gilardi
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental sector (AGROINNOVA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Amedeo Moine
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Mezzalama
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental sector (AGROINNOVA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Pugliese
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental sector (AGROINNOVA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Maria Lodovica Gullino
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental sector (AGROINNOVA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy.
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The Molecular Priming of Defense Responses is Differently Regulated in Grapevine Genotypes Following Elicitor Application against Powdery Mildew. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186776. [PMID: 32942781 PMCID: PMC7555711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes associated with response to powdery mildew (PM) caused by Erysiphe necator have been largely explored in Vitis vinifera cultivars, but little is known on transcriptional and metabolic modifications following application of resistance elicitors against this disease. In this study, the whole transcriptome sequencing, and hormone and metabolite analyses were combined to dissect long-term defense mechanisms induced by molecular reprogramming events in PM-infected ‘Moscato’ and ‘Nebbiolo’ leaves treated with three resistance inducers: acibenzolar-S-methyl, potassium phosphonate, and laminarin. Although all compounds were effective in counteracting the disease, acibenzolar-S-methyl caused the most intense transcriptional modifications in both cultivars. These involved a strong down-regulation of photosynthesis and energy metabolism and changes in carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning that most likely shifted the plant growth-defense trade-off towards the establishment of disease resistance processes. It was also shown that genotype-associated metabolic signals significantly affected the cultivar defense machinery. Indeed, ‘Nebbiolo’ and ‘Moscato’ built up different defense strategies, often enhanced by the application of a specific elicitor, which resulted in either reinforcement of early defense mechanisms (e.g., epicuticular wax deposition and overexpression of pathogenesis-related genes in ‘Nebbiolo’), or accumulation of endogenous hormones and antimicrobial compounds (e.g., high content of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and viniferin in ‘Moscato’).
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Gautier AT, Cochetel N, Merlin I, Hevin C, Lauvergeat V, Vivin P, Mollier A, Ollat N, Cookson SJ. Scion genotypes exert long distance control over rootstock transcriptome responses to low phosphate in grafted grapevine. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:367. [PMID: 32746781 PMCID: PMC7398338 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grafting is widely used in horticulture and rootstocks are known to modify scion growth and adaptation to soil conditions. However, the role of scion genotype in regulating rootstock development and functioning has remained largely unexplored. In this study, reciprocal grafts of two grapevine genotypes were produced as well as the corresponding homo-graft controls. These plants were subjected to a low phosphate (LP) treatment and transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing was done on root samples collected 27 h after the onset of the LP treatment. RESULTS A set of transcripts responsive to the LP treatment in all scion/rootstock combinations was identified. Gene expression patterns associated with genetic variation in response to LP were identified by comparing the response of the two homo-grafts. In addition, the scion was shown to modify root transcriptome responses to LP in a rootstock dependent manner. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified modules of correlated genes; the analysis of the association of these modules with the phosphate treatment, and the scion and rootstock genotype identified potential hub genes. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the response of grafted grapevine to phosphate supply and identifies potential shoot-to-root signals that could vary between different grapevine genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine T Gautier
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noé Cochetel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Isabelle Merlin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cyril Hevin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Virginie Lauvergeat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Vivin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Alain Mollier
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Ollat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sarah J Cookson
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Pagliarani C, Gambino G, Ferrandino A, Chitarra W, Vrhovsek U, Cantu D, Palmano S, Marzachì C, Schubert A. Molecular memory of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma in recovering grapevines. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:126. [PMID: 32821409 PMCID: PMC7395728 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flavescence dorée (FD) is a destructive phytoplasma disease of European grapevines. Spontaneous and cultivar-dependent recovery (REC) may occur in the field in FD-infected vines starting the year following the first symptoms. However, the biological underpinnings of this process are still largely unexplored. In this study, transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq), whole-genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) and metabolite analysis were combined to dissect molecular and metabolic changes associated to FD and REC in leaf veins collected in the field from healthy (H), FD and REC plants of the highly susceptible Vitis vinifera 'Barbera'. Genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and stress responses were overexpressed in FD conditions, whereas transcripts linked to hormone and stilbene metabolisms were upregulated in REC vines. Accumulation patterns of abscisic acid and stilbenoid compounds analysed in the same samples confirmed the RNAseq data. In recovery conditions, we also observed the persistence of some FD-induced expression changes concerning inhibition of photosynthetic processes and stress responses. Several differentially expressed genes tied to those pathways also underwent post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs, as outlined by merging our transcriptomic data set with a previously conducted smallRNAseq analysis. Investigations by WGBS analysis also revealed different DNA methylation marks between REC and H leaves, occurring within the promoters of genes tied to photosynthesis and secondary metabolism. The results allowed us to advance the existence of a "molecular memory" of FDp infection, involving alterations in the DNA methylation status of REC plants potentially related to transcriptional reprogramming events, in turn triggering changes in hormonal and secondary metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, TV Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN Italy
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Sabrina Palmano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzachì
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO Italy
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Zombardo A, Crosatti C, Bagnaresi P, Bassolino L, Reshef N, Puccioni S, Faccioli P, Tafuri A, Delledonne M, Fait A, Storchi P, Cattivelli L, Mica E. Transcriptomic and biochemical investigations support the role of rootstock-scion interaction in grapevine berry quality. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:468. [PMID: 32641089 PMCID: PMC7341580 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In viticulture, rootstock genotype plays a critical role to improve scion physiology, berry quality and to adapt grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to different environmental conditions. This study aimed at investigating the effect of two different rootstocks (1103 Paulsen - P - and Mgt 101–14 - M) in comparison with not grafted plants - NGC - on transcriptome (RNA-seq and small RNA-seq) and chemical composition of berry skin in Pinot noir, and exploring the influence of rootstock-scion interaction on grape quality. Berry samples, collected at veraison and maturity, were investigated at transcriptional and biochemical levels to depict the impact of rootstock on berry maturation. Results RNA- and miRNA-seq analyses highlighted that, at veraison, the transcriptomes of the berry skin are extremely similar, while variations associated with the different rootstocks become evident at maturity, suggesting a greater diversification at transcriptional level towards the end of the ripening process. In the experimental design, resembling standard agronomic growth conditions, the vines grafted on the two different rootstocks do not show a high degree of diversity. In general, the few genes differentially expressed at veraison were linked to photosynthesis, putatively because of a ripening delay in not grafted vines, while at maturity the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the synthesis and transport of phenylpropanoids (e.g. flavonoids), cell wall loosening, and stress response. These results were supported by some differences in berry phenolic composition detected between grafted and not grafted plants, in particular in resveratrol derivatives accumulation. Conclusions Transcriptomic and biochemical data demonstrate a stronger impact of 1103 Paulsen rootstock than Mgt 101–14 or not grafted plants on ripening processes related to the secondary metabolite accumulations in berry skin tissue. Interestingly, the MYB14 gene, involved in the feedback regulation of resveratrol biosynthesis was up-regulated in 1103 Paulsen thus supporting a putative greater accumulation of stilbenes in mature berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zombardo
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100, Arezzo, Italy.,Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - C Crosatti
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - P Bagnaresi
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - L Bassolino
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy.,CREA Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Reshef
- French Associates institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 84990, Israel.,Present address: Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - S Puccioni
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100, Arezzo, Italy
| | - P Faccioli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - A Tafuri
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - M Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnologies, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - A Fait
- French Associates institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - P Storchi
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, viale Santa Margherita 80, 52100, Arezzo, Italy
| | - L Cattivelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - E Mica
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, via San Protaso 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy.
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33
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Possibility of Increasing the Growth and Photosynthetic Properties of Precocious Walnut by Grafting. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12125178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth characteristics after grafting are mainly dependent on photosynthesis performance, which may be influenced by grafting combinations with different rootstocks and scions. In this study, we used one-year-old walnut grafts to investigate the grafting compatibility between precocious (‘Liaoning 1’, L) and hybrid (‘Zhong Ning Sheng’, Z) walnut, as well as rootstock and scion impact on the growth and photosynthetic properties of walnut trees. The results showed that grafting compatibility between the two varieties is high, with survival rates upward of 86%. Overwintering survival of grafted seedlings was as high as 100%, which indicated that the allopolyploid had good resistance to low-temperature stress. The homograft of the hybrid walnut had the highest net photosynthesis rate (18.77 μmol·m−2s−1, Z/Z) and growth characteristics, which could be due to its higher transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, whereas the homograft of precocious walnut presented the lowest net photosynthesis rate (15.08 μmol·m−2s−1, L/L) and growth characteristics. Significant improvements in the net photosynthesis rate (15.97 and 15.24 μmol·m−2s−1 for L/Z and Z/L, respectively) and growth characteristics of precocious walnut were noticed during grafting of the hybrid walnut, which could have been contributed by their transpiration rate. The results of this study serve as a guide for the selection and breeding of good rootstock to improve plant growth characteristics and photosynthetic efficiency. We conclude that good rootstock selection improves plant growth potential and could play an important role in sustainable production.
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Miozzi L, Vaira AM, Brilli F, Casarin V, Berti M, Ferrandino A, Nerva L, Accotto GP, Lanfranco L. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Primes Tolerance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Tomato. Viruses 2020; 12:E675. [PMID: 32580438 PMCID: PMC7354615 DOI: 10.3390/v12060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants can establish symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) able to promote plant nutrition and prime systemic plant defenses against pathogens attack; the mechanism involved is known as mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR). However, studies on the effect of AMF on viral infection, still limited and not conclusive, indicate that AMF colonization may have a detrimental effect on plant defenses against viruses, so that the term "mycorrhiza-induced susceptibility" (MIS) has been proposed for these cases. To expand the case studies to a not yet tested viral family, that is, Bromoviridae, we investigated the effect of the colonization by the AMF Funneliformis mosseae on cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection in tomato by phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional analyses. Our results showed that the establishment of a functional AM symbiosis is able to limit symptoms development. Physiological and transcriptomic data highlighted that AMF mitigates the drastic downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes and the reduction of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate caused by CMV infection. In parallel, an increase of salicylic acid level and a modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes, toward a limitation of ROS accumulation, was specifically observed in CMV-infected mycorrhizal plants. Overall, our data indicate that the AM symbiosis influences the development of CMV infection in tomato plants and exerts a priming effect able to enhance tolerance to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miozzi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Unit of Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
| | - Valerio Casarin
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Mara Berti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy;
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Accotto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Stem Secondary Growth of Grafted Rosa rugosa 'Rosea' Scion and R. multiflora 'Innermis' Rootstock. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020228. [PMID: 32098112 PMCID: PMC7073730 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grafted plant is a chimeric organism formed by the connection of scion and rootstock through stems, so stem growth and development become one of the important factors to affect grafted plant state. However, information regarding the molecular responses of stems secondary growth after grafting is limited. A grafted Rosa plant, with R. rugosa 'Rosea' as the scion (Rr_scion) grafted onto R. multiflora 'Innermis' as the stock (Rm_stock), has been shown to significantly improve stem thickness. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of stem secondary growth in grafted plant, a genome-wide transcription analysis was performed using an RNA sequence (RNA-seq) method between the scion and rootstock. Comparing ungrafted R. rugosa 'Rosea' (Rr) and R. multiflora 'Innermis' (Rm) plants, there were much more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in Rr_scion (6887) than Rm_stock (229). Functional annotations revealed that DEGs in Rr_scion are involved in two Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways: the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction, whereas DEGs in Rm_stock were associated with starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. Moreover, different kinds of signal transduction-related DEGs, e.g., receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinases (RLKs), transcription factor (TF), and transporters, were identified and could affect the stem secondary growth of both the scion and rootstock. This work provided new information regarding the underlying molecular mechanism between scion and rootstock after grafting.
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Pagliarani C, Boccacci P, Chitarra W, Cosentino E, Sandri M, Perrone I, Mori A, Cuozzo D, Nerva L, Rossato M, Zuccolotto P, Pezzotti M, Delledonne M, Mannini F, Gribaudo I, Gambino G. Distinct Metabolic Signals Underlie Clone by Environment Interplay in "Nebbiolo" Grapes Over Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1575. [PMID: 31867031 PMCID: PMC6904956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Several research studies were focused to understand how grapevine cultivars respond to environment; nevertheless, the biological mechanisms tuning this phenomenon need to be further deepened. Particularly, the molecular processes underlying the interplay between clones of the same cultivar and environment were poorly investigated. To address this issue, we analyzed the transcriptome of berries from three "Nebbiolo" clones grown in different vineyards, during two ripening seasons. RNA-sequencing data were implemented with analyses of candidate genes, secondary metabolites, and agronomical parameters. This multidisciplinary approach helped to dissect the complexity of clone × environment interactions, by identifying the molecular responses controlled by genotype, vineyard, phenological phase, or a combination of these factors. Transcripts associated to sugar signalling, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and transport were differently modulated among clones, according to changes in berry agronomical features. Conversely, genes involved in defense response, such as stilbene synthase genes, were significantly affected by vineyard, consistently with stilbenoid accumulation. Thus, besides at the cultivar level, clone-specific molecular responses also contribute to shape the agronomic features of grapes in different environments. This reveals a further level of complexity in the regulation of genotype × environment interactions that has to be considered for orienting viticultural practices aimed at enhancing the quality of grape productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Centre of Viticultural and Enology Research (CREA-VE), Conegliano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Sandri
- DMS StatLab, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Danila Cuozzo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Centre of Viticultural and Enology Research (CREA-VE), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Zuccolotto
- Big&Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Franco Mannini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
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Zhang G, Mao Z, Wang Q, Song J, Nie X, Wang T, Zhang H, Guo H. Comprehensive transcriptome profiling and phenotyping of rootstock and scion in a tomato/potato heterografting system. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:833-847. [PMID: 30357855 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tomato/potato heterografting-triggered phenotypic variations are well documented, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying grafting-induced phenotypic processes remain unknown. To investigate the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of grafting parents in heterografting in comparison with self-grafting, tomato (Sl) was grafted onto potato rootstocks (St), and comparative phenotyping and transcriptome profiling were performed. Phenotypic analysis showed that Sl/St heterografting induced few phenotypic changes in the tomato scion. A total of 209 upregulated genes were identified in the tomato scion, some of which appear to be involved in starch and sucrose biosynthesis. Sl/St heterografting induced several modifications in the potato rootstocks (St-R), stolon number, stolon length and tuber number decreased significantly, together with an increase in GA3 content of stolon and tuber, compared with self-grafted potato (St-WT). These results indicate that the tomato scion is less effective at producing substances or signals to induce tuberization but promotes stolon development into aerial stems and sprouting. RNA-Seq data analysis showed that 1529 genes were upregulated and 1329 downregulated between St-WT and St-R; some of these genes are involved in plant hormone signal transduction, with GID1-like gibberellin receptor (StGID1) and DELLA protein (StDELLA) being upregulated. Several genes in auxin, abscisic acid and ethylene pathways were differentially expressed as well. Various hormone signals engage in crosstalk to regulate diverse phenotypic events after grafting. This work provides abundant transcriptome profile data and lays a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying RNA-based interactions between rootstocks and scions after tomato/potato heterografting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Root & Tuber Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zichao Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Root & Tuber Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Root & Tuber Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xuheng Nie
- Root & Tuber Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Root & Tuber Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Root & Tuber Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Huachun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Root & Tuber Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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Wei C, Li M, Qin J, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wang H. Transcriptome analysis reveals the effects of grafting on sweetpotato scions during the full blooming stages. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:895-907. [PMID: 31030407 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is a hexaploid plant and generally most genotypes do not flower at all in sub-tropics. Heterografting was carried out between sweetpotato cultivar 'Xushu 18' and Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil). With sweetpotato as 'scion' and I. nil as 'rootstock', sweetpotato was induced flowering in the autumn. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying sweetpotato responses to grafting, especially during the full blooming stages. OBJECTIVES To investigate the poorly understood molecular responses underlying the grafting-induced phenotypic processes in sweetpotato at full anthesis. METHODS In this study, to explore the transcriptome diversity and complexity of sweetpotato, PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-seq analysis were combined to obtain full-length transcripts and to profile the changes in gene expression of five tissues: scion flowers (SF), scion leaves (SL), scion stems (SS), own-rooted leaves (OL) and own-rooted stems (OS). RESULTS A total of 138,151 transcripts were generated with an average length of 2255 bp, and more than 72% (100,396) of the transcripts were full-length. During full blooming, to examine the difference in gene expression of sweetpotato under grafting and natural growth conditions, 7905, 7795 and 15,707 differentially expressed genes were detected in pairwise comparisons of OS versus SS, OL versus SL and SL versus SF, respectively. Moreover, differential transcription of genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, light pathway and photosynthesis, ethylene signal transduction pathway was observed in scion responses to grafting. CONCLUSION Our study is useful in understanding the molecular basis of grafting-induced flowering in grafted sweetpotatoes, and will lay a foundation for further research on sweetpotato breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, China
| | - Jia Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yunfan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yizheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Song GQ, Prieto H, Orbovic V. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Tree Fruit Crops: Methods, Progress, and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:226. [PMID: 30881368 PMCID: PMC6405644 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been a desirable tool to manipulate single or multiple genes of existing genotypes of woody fruit crops, for which conventional breeding is a difficult and lengthy process due to heterozygosity, sexual incompatibility, juvenility, or a lack of natural sources. To date, successful transformation has been reported for many fruit crops. We review the major progress in genetic transformation of these fruit crops made in the past 5 years, emphasizing reproducible transformation protocols as well as the strategies that have been tested in fruit crops. While direct transformation of scion cultivars was mostly used for fruit quality improvement, biotic and abiotic tolerance, and functional gene analysis, transgrafting on genetically modified (GM) rootstocks showed a potential to produce non-GM fruit products. More recently, genome editing technology has demonstrated a potential for gene(s) manipulation of several fruit crops. However, substantial efforts are still needed to produce plants from gene-edited cells, for which tremendous challenge remains in the context of either cell's recalcitrance to regeneration or inefficient gene-editing due to their polyploidy. We propose that effective transient transformation and efficient regeneration are the key for future utilization of genome editing technologies for improvement of fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Humberto Prieto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, La Platina Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Vladimir Orbovic
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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Rootstock-Mediated Effects on Cabernet Sauvignon Performance: Vine Growth, Berry Ripening, Flavonoids, and Aromatic Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020401. [PMID: 30669297 PMCID: PMC6358736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, rootstocks can affect vine growth and berry quality. This study evaluated the effects of eight rootstocks (101-14, 110R, 5A, 5BB, Ganzin 1, Harmony, Riparia Gloire, and SO4) on the vine growth, berry ripening, and flavonoids and aromatic profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon in two consecutive seasons (2015⁻2016). With few exceptions, minor differences were observed among grafted and own-rooted vines. Own-rooted vines produced the least pruning weight but the highest yield. 101-14, 5BB, and SO4 slightly reduced total soluble solids, but increased acidity, showing tendencies for retarding maturation. Ganzin 1 inhibited the accumulation of flavan-3-ols in berry skins. Furthermore, concentrations and proportions of epicatechin-3-O-galate were decreased by rootstocks, except for 110R. 5A, Harmony, and Riparia Gloire enhanced flavonol concentrations. SO4 slightly decreased most of the individual anthocyanin concentrations. With respect to volatile compounds, 110R, Riparia Gloire, and SO4 induced reductions in concentrations of total esters, whilst 101-14, Ganzin 1, 110R, and 5BB led to increases in the concentrations of C13-norisoprenoids. Therefore, with respect to the negative effects of SO4 on berry ripening and the accumulation of anthocyanin and volatile esters, SO4 is not recommended in practice.
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41
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Liu TJ, Zhou JJ, Chen FY, Gan ZM, Li YP, Zhang JZ, Hu CG. Identification of the Genetic Variation and Gene Exchange between Citrus Trifoliata and Citrus Clementina. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E182. [PMID: 30572650 PMCID: PMC6315893 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the genetic variation between Citrus trifoliata and Citrus clementina, we performed genome resequencing on the two citrus species. Compared with the citrus reference genome, a total of 9,449,204 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 846,615 insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) were identified in the two citrus species, while 1,868,115 (19.77%) of the SNPs and 190,199 (22.47%) of the InDels from the two citrus species were located in the genic regions. Meanwhile, a total of 8,091,407 specific SNPs and 692,654 specific InDels were identified in the two citrus genotypes, yielding an average of 27.32 SNPs/kb and 2.34 InDels/kb. We identified and characterized the patterns of gene exchanges in the grafted citrus plants by using specific genetic variation from genome resequencing. A total of 4396 transporting genes across graft junctions was identified. Some specific genetic variation and mobile genes was also confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, these mobile genes could move directionally or bidirectionally between the scions and the rootstocks. In addition, a total of 1581 and 2577 differentially expressed genes were found in the scions and the rootstocks after grafting compared with the control, respectively. These genetic variations provide fundamental information on the genetic basis of important traits between C. trifoliata and C. clementina, as the transport of genes would be applicable to horticulture crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fa-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yong-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Chitarra W, Cuozzo D, Ferrandino A, Secchi F, Palmano S, Perrone I, Boccacci P, Pagliarani C, Gribaudo I, Mannini F, Gambino G. Dissecting interplays between Vitis vinifera L. and grapevine virus B (GVB) under field conditions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2651-2666. [PMID: 30055094 PMCID: PMC6638183 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus infections are often difficult to characterize as they result from a complex molecular and physiological interplay between a pathogen and its host. In this study, the impact of the phloem-limited grapevine virus B (GVB) on the Vitis vinifera L. wine-red cultivar Albarossa was analysed under field conditions. Trials were carried out over two growing seasons by combining agronomic, molecular, biochemical and ecophysiological approaches. The data showed that GVB did not induce macroscopic symptoms on 'Albarossa', but affected the ecophysiological performances of vines in terms of assimilation rates, particularly at the end of the season, without compromising yield and vigour. In GVB-infected plants, the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in the leaves and transcriptional changes in sugar- and photosynthetic-related genes seemed to trigger defence responses similar to those observed in plants infected by phytoplasmas, although to a lesser extent. In addition, GVB activated berry secondary metabolism. In particular, total anthocyanins and their acetylated forms accumulated at higher levels in GVB-infected than in GVB-free berries, consistent with the expression profiles of the related biosynthetic genes. These results contribute to improve our understanding of the multifaceted grapevine-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chitarra
- Research Centre for Viticulture and EnologyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA‐VE)Via XVIII Aprile 26Conegliano31015Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Danila Cuozzo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin (DISAFA)Largo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin (DISAFA)Largo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095Italy
| | - Francesca Secchi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin (DISAFA)Largo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095Italy
| | - Sabrina Palmano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Franco Mannini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council (IPSP‐CNR)Strada delle Cacce 73Torino10135Italy
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Nerva L, Chitarra W, Siciliano I, Gaiotti F, Ciuffo M, Forgia M, Varese GC, Turina M. Mycoviruses mediate mycotoxin regulation in Aspergillus ochraceus. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:1957-1968. [PMID: 30289193 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To date, no demonstration of a direct correlation between the presence of mycoviruses and the quantitative or qualitative modulation of mycotoxins has been shown. In our study, we transfected a virus-free ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus with purified mycoviruses from a different A. ochraceus isolate and from Penicillium aurantiogriseum. Among the mycoviruses tested, only Aspergillus ochraceus virus (AoV), a partitivirus widespread in A. ochraceus, caused a specific interaction that led to an overproduction of OTA, which is regulated by the European Commission and is the second most important contaminant of food and feed commodities. Gene expression analysis failed to reveal a specific viral upregulation of the mRNA of genes considered to play a role in the OTA biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, AoOTApks1, a polyketide synthase gene considered essential for OTA production, is surprisingly absent in the genome of our OTA-producing isolate. The possible biological and evolutionary implications of the mycoviral regulation of mycotoxin production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nerva
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - W Chitarra
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - I Siciliano
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - F Gaiotti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - M Ciuffo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - M Forgia
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy.,Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - G C Varese
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis (MUT), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - M Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy
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