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Nowakowska J, Dang M, Kiełtyk P, Niemczyk M, Malewski T, Szulc W, Rutkowska B, Borowik P, Oszako T. Silicon Modifies Photosynthesis Efficiency and hsp Gene Expression in European Beech ( Fagus sylvatica) Seedlings Exposed to Drought Stress. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1233. [PMID: 39336824 PMCID: PMC11431362 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Climate change is leading to severe and long-term droughts in European forest ecosystems. can have profound effects on various physiological processes, including photosynthesis, gene expression patterns, and nutrient uptake at the developmental stage of young trees. Objectives: Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that the application of silica (SiO2) influences photosynthetic efficiency and gene expression in 1- to 2-year-old Fagus sylvatica (L.) seedlings. Additionally, we aimed to assess whether silicon application positively influences the structural properties of leaves and roots. To determine whether the plant physiological responses are genotype-specific, seedlings of four geographically different provenances were subjected to a one-year evaluation under greenhouse conditions. Methods: We used the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Wilcoxon's test to evaluate the differences in silicon content and ANOVA followed by Tukey's test to evaluate the physiological responses of seedlings depending on treatment and provenance. Results: Our results showed a significantly higher Si content in the roots compared with the leaves, regardless of provenance and treatment. The most significant differences in photosynthetic performance were found in trees exposed to Si treatment, but the physiological responses were generally nuanced and provenance-dependent. Expression of hsp70 and hsp90 was also increased in leaf tissues of all provenances. These results provide practical insights that Si can improve the overall health and resilience of beech seedlings in nursery and forest ecosystems, with possible differences in the beneficial role of silicon application arising from the large differences in wild populations of forest tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nowakowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; (J.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Monika Dang
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; (J.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Kiełtyk
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; (J.N.); (P.K.)
| | - Marzena Niemczyk
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Tree Genetics, Forest Research Institute, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Malewski
- Department of Molecular and Biometric Techniques, Museum and Institute of Zoology, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Szulc
- Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (W.S.); (B.R.)
| | - Beata Rutkowska
- Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (W.S.); (B.R.)
| | - Piotr Borowik
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland;
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Jan S, Bhardwaj S, Singh B, Kapoor D. Silicon efficacy for the remediation of metal contaminated soil. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:212. [PMID: 39193011 PMCID: PMC11345352 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In the course of past two decade anthropogenic activities have reinforced, begetting soil and water defilement. A plethora of heavy metals alters and limits plant growth and yield, with opposing effect on agricultural productivity. Silicon often perceived as plant alimentary 'nonentity'. A suite of determinants associated with silicon have been lately discerned, concerning plant physiology, chemistry, gene regulation/expression and interaction with different organisms. Exogenous supplementation of silicon renders resistance against heavy-metal stress. Predominantly, plants having significant amount of silicon in root and shoot thus are barely prone to pest onset and manifest greater endurance against abiotic stresses including heavy-metal toxicity. Silicon-mediated stress management involves abatement of metal ions within soil, co-precipitation of metal ions, gene modulation associated with metal transport, chelation, activation of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), metal ion compartmentation and structural metamorphosis in plants. Silicon supplementation also stimulates expression of stress-resistant genes under heavy-metal toxicity to provide plant tolerance under stress conditions. Ergo, to boost metal tolerance within crops, immanent genetic potential for silicon assimilation should be enhanced. Current study, addresses the potential role and mechanistic interpretation of silicon induced mitigation of heavy-metal stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jan
- Technology Enabling Centre, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Savita Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, MCM DAV College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh 176001 India
| | - Bhupender Singh
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Shoolini University, Solan Oachghat Kumarhatti Highway, Bajhol, Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
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Mansoor S, Tripathi P, Ghimire A, Hamid S, Abd El-Moniem D, Chung YS, Kim Y. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the nodulation-competent zone and inference of transcription regulatory network in silicon applied Glycine max [L.]-Merr. Roots. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:169. [PMID: 38864921 PMCID: PMC11169057 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The study unveils Si's regulatory influence by regulating DEGs, TFs, and TRs. Further bHLH subfamily and auxin transporter pathway elucidates the mechanisms enhancing root development and nodulation. Soybean is a globally important crop serving as a primary source of vegetable protein for millions of individuals. The roots of these plants harbour essential nitrogen fixing structures called nodules. This study investigates the multifaceted impact of silicon (Si) application on soybean, with a focus on root development, and nodulation employing comprehensive transcriptomic analyses and gene regulatory network. RNA sequence analysis was utilised to examine the change in gene expression and identify the noteworthy differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to the enhancement of soybean root nodulation and root development. A set of 316 genes involved in diverse biological and molecular pathways are identified, with emphasis on transcription factors (TFs) and transcriptional regulators (TRs). The study uncovers TF and TR genes, categorized into 68 distinct families, highlighting the intricate regulatory landscape influenced by Si in soybeans. Upregulated most important bHLH subfamily and the involvement of the auxin transporter pathway underscore the molecular mechanisms contributing to enhanced root development and nodulation. The study bridges insights from other research, reinforcing Si's impact on stress-response pathways and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis crucial for nodulation. The study reveals significant alterations in gene expression patterns associated with cellular component functions, root development, and nodulation in response to Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooja Tripathi
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amit Ghimire
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Saira Hamid
- Watson Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamia University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Pulwama, J&K, India
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moniem
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, 45511, Egypt
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonha Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Mukarram M, Ahmad B, Choudhary S, Konôpková AS, Kurjak D, Khan MMA, Lux A. Silicon nanoparticles vs trace elements toxicity: Modus operandi and its omics bases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1377964. [PMID: 38633451 PMCID: PMC11021597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1377964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of trace elements (commonly misunderstood as 'heavy metals') includes impairment of functional groups of enzymes, photo-assembly, redox homeostasis, and nutrient status in higher plants. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) can ameliorate trace element toxicity. We discuss SiNPs response against several essential (such as Cu, Ni, Mn, Mo, and Zn) and non-essential (including Cd, Pb, Hg, Al, Cr, Sb, Se, and As) trace elements. SiNPs hinder root uptake and transport of trace elements as the first line of defence. SiNPs charge plant antioxidant defence against trace elements-induced oxidative stress. The enrolment of SiNPs in gene expressions was also noticed on many occasions. These genes are associated with several anatomical and physiological phenomena, such as cell wall composition, photosynthesis, and metal uptake and transport. On this note, we dedicate the later sections of this review to support an enhanced understanding of SiNPs influence on the metabolomic, proteomic, and genomic profile of plants under trace elements toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Food and Plant Biology Group, Department of Plant Biology, School of Agriculture, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Government Degree College for Women, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Alena Sliacka Konôpková
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wang X, Wang Z, Lu Y, Huang J, Hu Z, Lou J, Fan X, Gu Z, Liu P, Ma B, Chen X. OsACA9, an Autoinhibited Ca 2+-ATPase, Synergically Regulates Disease Resistance and Leaf Senescence in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1874. [PMID: 38339152 PMCID: PMC10856199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a versatile intracellular second messenger that regulates several signaling pathways involved in growth, development, stress tolerance, and immune response in plants. Autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACAs) play an important role in the regulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we systematically analyzed the putative OsACA family members in rice, and according to the phylogenetic tree of OsACAs, OsACA9 was clustered into a separated branch in which its homologous gene in Arabidopsis thaliana was reported to be involved in defense response. When the OsACA9 gene was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9, significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in the mutant lines. Meanwhile, the OsACA9 knock out lines showed enhanced disease resistance to both rice bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS). In addition, compared to the wild-type (WT), the mutant lines displayed an early leaf senescence phenotype, and the agronomy traits of their plant height, panicle length, and grain yield were significantly decreased. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between WT and the Osaca9 mutant were mainly enriched in basal immune pathways and antibacterial metabolite synthesis pathways. Among them, multiple genes related to rice disease resistance, receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) and cell wall-associated kinases (WAKs) genes were upregulated. Our results suggest that the Ca2+-ATPase OsACA9 may trigger oxidative burst in response to various pathogens and synergically regulate disease resistance and leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xifeng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (Z.G.); (P.L.)
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Rineau F, Groh J, Claes J, Grosjean K, Mench M, Moreno-Druet M, Povilaitis V, Pütz T, Rutkowska B, Schröder P, Soudzilovskaia NA, Swinnen X, Szulc W, Thijs S, Vandenborght J, Vangronsveld J, Vereecken H, Verhaege K, Žydelis R, Loit E. Limited effects of crop foliar Si fertilization on a marginal soil under a future climate scenario. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23882. [PMID: 38192753 PMCID: PMC10772710 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing crops on marginal lands is a promising solution to alleviate the increasing pressure on agricultural land in Europe. Such crops will however be at the same time exposed to increased drought and pathogen prevalence, on already challenging soil conditions. Some sustainable practices, such as Silicon (Si) foliar fertilization, have been proposed to alleviate these two stress factors, but have not been tested under controlled, future climate conditions. We hypothesized that Si foliar fertilization would be beneficial for crops under future climate, and would have cascading beneficial effects on ecosystem processes, as many of them are directly dependent on plant health. We tested this hypothesis by exposing spring barley growing on marginal soil macrocosms (three with, three without Si treatment) to 2070 climate projections in an ecotron facility. Using the high-capacity monitoring of the ecotron, we estimated C, water, and N budgets of every macrocosm. Additionally, we measured crop yield, the biomass of each plant organ, and characterized bacterial communities using metabarcoding. Despite being exposed to water stress conditions, plants did not produce more biomass with the foliar Si fertilization, whatever the organ considered. Evapotranspiration (ET) was unaffected, as well as water quality and bacterial communities. However, in the 10-day period following two of the three Si applications, we measured a significant increase in C sequestration, when climate conditions where significantly drier, while ET remained the same. We interpreted these results as a less significant effect of Si treatment than expected as compared with literature, which could be explained by the high CO2 levels under future climate, that reduces need for stomata opening, and therefore sensitivity to drought. We conclude that making marginal soils climate proof using foliar Si treatments may not be a sufficient strategy, at least in this type of nutrient-poor, dry, sandy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Rineau
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jannis Groh
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation – Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Research Area 1 “Landscape Functioning,” Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Julie Claes
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kristof Grosjean
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michel Mench
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Biogeco, Bat B2, Allée G. St-Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac cedex, France
| | - Maria Moreno-Druet
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Virmantas Povilaitis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, LT-58344, Kedainiai distr. Lithuania
| | - Thomas Pütz
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Beata Rutkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Schröder
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Xander Swinnen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wieslaw Szulc
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan Vandenborght
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kasper Verhaege
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Renaldas Žydelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, LT-58344, Kedainiai distr. Lithuania
| | - Evelin Loit
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Chair of Field Crops and Plant Biology, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
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Abbasi RP, Rafiq K, Fatima S, Javed MT, Azeem M, Akram MS. In vitro silicon supplementation enhanced acclimatisation and growth of sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum) via improved antioxidant and nutrient acquisition patterns in saline soil. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 37980713 DOI: 10.1071/fp22275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects crop growth by modulating cellular ionic concentrations and generation of reactive oxygen species. Application of silicon (Si) has proved beneficial in ameliorating salinity-triggered plant growth and yield retardations. Leaf roll explants of three sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum ) genotypes (HSF-240, CPF-246, CPF-250) were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with K2 SiO3 . In vitro regenerated plantlets were acclimatised and grown in natural saline soil. In absence of Si, cv. CPF-246 exhibited better salt tolerance as indicted by maximum chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, rate of photosynthesis and root K+ uptake along with less cellular hydrogen peroxide content. Silicon restricted root Na+ uptake but assisted in K+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+ and Fe2+ accretion in roots and their translocation towards shoots. Cv. HSF-240 and cv. CPF-250 exhibited more increase in photosynthetic pigment content, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate after addition of 25 or 50mgL-1 Si than control group. Optimum phenolic content and antioxidant enzyme activity along with decreased lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide content were recorded in all three sugarcane genotypes raised in presence of 25 or 50mgL-1 Si. These findings signify Si supplementation (50mgL-1 ) in tissue culture medium and plant adaptation in saline soil. Further in vitro studies involving Si-mediated gene expression modulations in sugarcane protoplasts shall assist in deciphering cross-talk between Si uptake and cellular responses. The application of Si can further be tested for other plant species to devise strategies for improved crop growth and utilisation of saline areas for crop cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Parvez Abbasi
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Rafiq
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Sijal Fatima
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; and Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, The Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Sohail Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Biju S, Fuentes S, Gupta D. Novel insights into the mechanism(s) of silicon-induced drought stress tolerance in lentil plants revealed by RNA sequencing analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:498. [PMID: 37848813 PMCID: PMC10580624 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentil is an essential cool-season food legume that offers several benefits in human nutrition and cropping systems. Drought stress is the major environmental constraint affecting lentil plants' growth and productivity by altering various morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits. Our previous research provided physiological and biochemical evidence showing the role of silicon (Si) in alleviating drought stress in lentil plants, while the molecular mechanisms are still unidentified. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Si-mediated drought stress tolerance can provide fundamental information to enhance our knowledge of essential gene functions and pathways modulated by Si during drought stress in plants. Thus, the present study compared the transcriptomic characteristics of two lentil genotypes (drought tolerant-ILL6002; drought sensitive-ILL7537) under drought stress and investigated the gene expression in response to Si supplementation using high-throughput RNA sequencing. RESULTS This study identified 7164 and 5576 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from drought-stressed lentil genotypes (ILL 6002 and ILL 7537, respectively), with Si treatment. RNA sequencing results showed that Si supplementation could alter the expression of genes related to photosynthesis, osmoprotection, antioxidant systems and signal transduction in both genotypes under drought stress. Furthermore, these DEGs from both genotypes were found to be associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The identified DEGs were also linked to cell wall biosynthesis and vasculature development. Results suggested that Si modulated the dynamics of biosynthesis of alkaloids and flavonoids and their metabolism in drought-stressed lentil genotypes. Drought-recovery-related DEGs identified from both genotypes validated the role of Si as a drought stress alleviator. This study identified different possible defense-related responses mediated by Si in response to drought stress in lentil plants including cellular redox homeostasis by reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell wall reinforcement by the deposition of cellulose, lignin, xyloglucan, chitin and xylan, secondary metabolites production, osmotic adjustment and stomatal closure. CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggested that a coordinated interplay between various metabolic pathways is required for Si to induce drought tolerance. This study identified potential genes and different defence mechanisms involved in Si-induced drought stress tolerance in lentil plants. Si supplementation altered various metabolic functions like photosynthesis, antioxidant defence system, osmotic balance, hormonal biosynthesis, signalling, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids under drought stress. These novel findings validated the role of Si in drought stress mitigation and have also provided an opportunity to enhance our understanding at the genomic level of Si's role in alleviating drought stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajitha Biju
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Dorin Gupta
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Yadav M, George N, Dwibedi V. Emergence of toxic trace elements in plant environment: Insights into potential of silica nanoparticles for mitigation of metal toxicity in plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122112. [PMID: 37392865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of trace elements at potentially toxic concentrations in the environment has become a global issue in recent times. Owing to the rapid population growth, unregulated industrialisation, intensive farming practices and excessive mining activities, these elements are accumulating in environment at high toxic concentrations. The exposure of plants to metal-contaminated environments severely influences their reproductive and vegetative growth, eventually affecting crop performance and production. Hence, it is crucial to find alternatives to mitigate the stress caused by toxic elements, in plants of agricultural importance. In this context, silicon (Si) has been widely recognized to alleviate metal toxicity and promote plant growth during various stress conditions. Amending soil with silicates has shown to ameliorate the lethal effects of metals and stimulates crop development. However, in comparison to silicon in bulk form, nano-sized silica particles (SiNPs) have been demonstrated to be more efficient in their beneficial roles. SiNPs can be used for various technological applications, viz. Improving soil fertility, agricultural yield, and remediating heavy metal-polluted soil. The research outcomes of studies focussing on role of silica nanoparticles to specifically mitigate the metal toxicity in plants have not been reviewed earlier in depth. The aim of this review is to explore the potential of SiNPs in alleviating metal stress and improving plant growth. The benefits of nano-silica over bulk-Si fertilizers in farming, their performance in diverse plant varieties, and the possible mechanisms to mitigate metal toxicity in plants have been discussed in detail. Further, research gaps are identified and future prospects are envisioned for advanced investigations in this field. The growing interest towards nano-silica related research will facilitate exploration of the true prospective of these nanoparticles for mitigation of metal stress in crops and in other fields of agriculture as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Yadav
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Nancy George
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Vagish Dwibedi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
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Sharf-Eldin AA, Alwutayd KM, El-Yazied AA, El-Beltagi HS, Alharbi BM, Eisa MAM, Alqurashi M, Sharaf M, Al-Harbi NA, Al-Qahtani SM, Ibrahim MFM. Response of Maize Seedlings to Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles (SiO 2NPs) under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2592. [PMID: 37514207 PMCID: PMC10386567 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the use of nanofertilizers has received a great deal of attention in managing plants under biotic and abiotic stresses. However, studies that elucidate the role of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) in regulating maize tolerance to drought stress are still at early stages of development. In this study, plants that were treated with SiO2NPs (0.25 g/L as foliar spray) displayed considerable improvement in the growth indices, despite being subjected to drought stress. In addition, the action of SiO2NPs led to a considerable rise in the levels of chlorophylls, proline, cell membrane integrity, leaf water content, and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POX)). In contrast, an inverse trend was seen in the oxidative injury, the total amount of soluble sugars, and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX). At the same time, carotenoids were unaffected in SiO2NPs-treated and non-treated plants under drought stress. The results of the molecular investigation that was conducted using qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression of the D2 protein of photosystem II (PsbD) was elevated in SiO2NPs-treated plants in response to drought stress, while the expression of the osmotic-like protein (OSM-34) and aquaporin (AQPs) was downregulated in SiO2NPs-treated plants in response to drought stress. This research could pave the way for further investigations into how SiO2NPs boost plant resistance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Sharf-Eldin
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abou El-Yazied
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hossam S El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A M Eisa
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Alqurashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F M Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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11
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Wadas W, Kondraciuk T. Effect of Silicon on Micronutrient Content in New Potato Tubers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10578. [PMID: 37445755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since silicon can improve nutrient uptake in plants, the effect of foliar silicon (sodium metasilicate) application on micronutrient content in early crop potato tuber was investigated. Silicon was applied at dosages of 23.25 g Si∙ha-1 or 46.50 g Si∙ha-1 (0.25 L∙ha-1 or 0.50 L∙ha-1 of Optysil) once at the leaf development stage (BBCH 14-16), or at the tuber initiation stage (BBCH 40-1), and twice, at the leaf development and tuber initiation stages. Potatoes were harvested 75 days after planting (the end of June). Foliar-applied silicon reduced the Fe concentration and increased Cu and Mn concentrations in early crop potato tubers under water deficit conditions but did not affect the Zn, B, or Si concentrations. The dosage and time of silicon application slightly affected the Fe and Cu concentration in the tubers. Under drought conditions, the highest Mn content in the tuber was observed when 46.50 g Si∙ha-1 was applied at the leaf development stage, whereas under periodic water deficits, it was highest with the application of the same silicon dosage at the tuber initiation stage (BBCH 40-41). The Si content in tubers was negatively correlated with the Fe and B content, and positively correlated with the Cu and Mn content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Wadas
- Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kondraciuk
- Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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12
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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Kennedy JF. Chitosan/silica: A hybrid formulation to mitigate phytopathogens. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124192. [PMID: 36996949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Long-term and indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides to mitigate plant pathogens have created serious issues of water health, soil contamination, non-target organisms, resistant species, and unpredictable environmental and human health hazards. These constraints have forced scientists to develop alternative plant disease management strategies to reduce synthetic chemical' dependency. During the last 20 years, biological agents and resistance elicitors have been the most important used alternatives. Silica-based materials/chitosan with a dual mode of action have been proposed as promising alternatives to prevent plant diseases through direct and indirect mechanisms. Moreover, the combined application of nano-silica and chitosan, due to their controllable morphology, high loading capacity, low toxicity, and efficient encapsulation, act as suitable carriers for biological agents, pesticides, and essential oils, making them proper candidates for mitigation of phytopathogens. Based on this potential, this literature study reviewed the silica and chitosan properties and their function in the plant. It also assessed their role in the fighting against soil and aerial phytopathogens, directly and indirectly, as novel hybrid formulations in future managing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 771897111, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 771897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 771897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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13
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Cipriano R, Martins JPR, Conde LT, da Silva MM, Silva DM, Gontijo ABPL, Falqueto AR. Anatomical and physiological responses of Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae) induced by silicon and sodium chloride stress during in vitro culture. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14624. [PMID: 36647445 PMCID: PMC9840392 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. The application of silicon (Si) is an alternative that can increase the tolerance of plants to various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective was to evaluate salt stress's effect in vitro and Si's mitigation potential on Aechmea blanchetiana plants. For this purpose, plants already established in vitro were transferred to a culture medium with 0 or 14 µM of Si (CaSiO3). After growth for 30 days, a stationary liquid medium containing different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 200, or 300 µM) was added to the flasks. Anatomical and physiological analyses were performed after growth for 45 days. The plants cultivated with excess NaCl presented reduced root diameter and effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (ΦPSII) and increased non-photochemical dissipation of fluorescence (qN). Plants that grew with the presence of Si also had greater content of photosynthetic pigments and activity of the enzymes of the antioxidant system, as well as higher values of maximum quantum yield of PSII (FV/FM), photochemical dissipation coefficient of fluorescence (qP) and fresh weight bioaccumulation of roots and shoots. The anatomical, physiological and biochemical responses, and growth induced by Si mitigated the effect of salt stress on the A. blanchetiana plants cultivated in vitro, which can be partly explained by the tolerance of this species to grow in sandbank (Restinga) areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Cipriano
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil,Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Lorenzo Toscano Conde
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mariela Mattos da Silva
- Center for the Study of Photosynthesis, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Diolina Moura Silva
- Center for the Study of Photosynthesis, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Antelmo Ralph Falqueto
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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14
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Santos CC, Torraca DSM, Silverio JM, Scalon SDPQ. Does silicon and salicylic acid contribute in the morphophysiology of Schinus terebinthifolia seedlings under flooding? BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e270935. [PMID: 37075431 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Flooding can damage the photosynthetic apparatus and initial growth of Schinus terebinthifolia. We aimed this study evaluates the potential of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) as mitigating agents on the ecophysiological responses and initial growth of S. terebinthifolia subjected to flooding periods. Seedlings were grown under the following conditions: 1) control (non-flooded): daily irrigation, 2) Flooded (F): storage of seedlings in a 500 L plastic pool, keeping the water depth at ± 2.0 cm above the substrate level, 3) F + 1.0 mM Si, 4) F + 2.0 mM Si, 5) F + 1.5 mM SA, and 6) F + 3.0 mM SA, and evaluated to 15 and 30 days. We observed that flooded seedlings formed hypertrophied lenticels on the stem on the 7th day as a stress adjustment strategy. S. terebinthifolia is sensitive to flooding, although it maintains a stable gas exchange for up to 15 days in this condition. The applications of 1.0 mM Si mitigated the pronounced decrease of gas exchange by 30 days. Using 1.0 mM Si and 3.0 mM SA contributed for integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus and to photochemical activities in the reaction centers, in addition favors to higher seedling biomass and quality under flooding. Foliar application of Si and SA is promising practice for photosynthetic metabolic and initial growth of S. terebinthifolia seedlings under flooded stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Santos
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias - FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - D S M Torraca
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias - FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - J M Silverio
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias - FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - S de P Q Scalon
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias - FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
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15
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Xu J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Nan Z, Long S, Wu Y, Dong S. Bioavailability, transfer, toxicological effects, and contamination assessment of arsenic and mercury in soil-corn systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10063-10078. [PMID: 36066802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage irrigation has solved the shortage of agricultural water and increased the content of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in soil-crop systems, which harms human health via the food chain. In this study, 43 pairs of soil and corn samples (leaf, stem1, stem2, stem3, root, husk, grain, and corncob) were collected in the Dongdagou (DDG) and Xidagou (XDG) streams of Baiyin City. Fraction and transfer of As and Hg were investigated, and toxicological effects and contamination were assessed in soil-corn systems. The results showed that the mean values of As and Hg in soil were 33.79 mg/kg and 0.96 mg/kg, respectively, which exceeded the soil background values in Gansu Province. As and Hg are mainly dominated by the residual fraction. Total and bioavailability contributed significantly to As and Hg accumulation in corn, with root, stem3, and leaf accumulating more strongly. The results based on the bioavailability concentration soil-corn transfer factor indicated that As and Hg tended to accumulate more in the root, stem3, and leaf and less in grain, and further assessment of the human health effects of consuming contaminated cron is needed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that As and Hg were not significantly toxic to corn parts, indicating morphology. As and Hg were bound to hydroxyl groups in the outer epidermal cell wall of the roots, thereby reducing upward translocation. The trinity assessment (TA) model results indicated that the most severe contamination was found in root and stem1. The TA provides a practical tool for soil-cron systems and helps develop management strategies to prevent ecological hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhongren Nan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Song Long
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yining Wu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Suhang Dong
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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16
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Sujata, Goyal V, Baliyan V, Avtar R, Mehrotra S. Alleviating Drought Stress in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. by Foliar Application of Biostimulants-Orthosilicic Acid and Seaweed Extract. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:693-721. [PMID: 35986841 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity is negatively impacted by drought stress. Brassica is an important oilseed crop, and its productivity is often limited by drought. Biostimulants are known for their role in plant growth promotion, increased yields, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Silicon in its soluble form of orthosilicic acid (OSA) has been established to alleviate deteriorative effects of drought. Seaweed extract (SWE) also positively influence plant survival and provide dehydration tolerance under stressed environments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of OSA and SWE on mitigating adverse effects of drought stress on Brassica genotype RH-725. Foliar application of OSA (2 ml/L and 4 ml/L) and SWE of Ascophyllum nodosum (3 ml/L and 4 ml/L) in vegetative stages in Brassica variety RH 725 under irrigated and rainfed condition revealed an increase in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpirational rate, relative water content, water potential, osmotic potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll stability index, total soluble sugars, total protein content, and antioxidant enzyme activity; and a decrease in canopy temperature depression, proline, glycine-betaine, H2O2, and MDA content. Application of 2 ml/L OSA and 3 ml/L SWE at vegetative stage presented superior morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics and higher yields. The findings of the present study will contribute to developing a sustainable cropping system by harnessing the benefits of OSA and seaweed extract as stress mitigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, India
| | - Vinod Goyal
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, India.
| | - Vaibhav Baliyan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Ram Avtar
- CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, India
| | - Shweta Mehrotra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi-110012, India.
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17
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Leaf transcriptome profiling of contrasting sugarcane genotypes for drought tolerance under field conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9153. [PMID: 35650424 PMCID: PMC9160059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is the most detrimental abiotic stress to sugarcane production. Nevertheless, transcriptomic analyses remain scarce for field-grown plants. Here we performed comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting sugarcane genotypes, ‘IACSP97-7065’ (drought-sensitive) and ‘IACSP94-2094’ (drought-tolerant) grown in a drought-prone environment. Physiological parameters and expression profiles were analyzed at 42 (May) and 117 (August) days after the last rainfall. The first sampling was done under mild drought (soil water potential of −60 kPa), while the second one was under severe drought (soil water potential of −75 kPa). Microarray analysis revealed a total of 622 differentially expressed genes in both sugarcane genotypes under mild and severe drought stress, uncovering about 250 exclusive transcripts to ‘IACSP94-2094’ involved in oxidoreductase activity, transcriptional regulation, metabolism of amino acids, and translation. Interestingly, the enhanced antioxidant system of ‘IACSP94-2094’ may protect photosystem II from oxidative damage, which partially ensures stable photochemical activity even after 117 days of water shortage. Moreover, the tolerant genotype shows a more extensive set of responsive transcription factors, promoting the fine-tuning of drought-related molecular pathways. These results help elucidate the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of a drought-tolerant sugarcane genotype to cope with ever-changing environments, including prolonged water deficit, and may be useful for plant breeding programs.
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18
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Srivastava A, Sharma VK, Kaushik P, El-Sheikh MA, Qadir S, Mansoor S. Effect of silicon application with mycorrhizal inoculation on Brassica juncea cultivated under water stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261569. [PMID: 35389996 PMCID: PMC8989204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica juncea L. is a significant member of the Brassicaceae family, also known as Indian mustard. Water is a limiting factor in the successful production of this crop. Here, we tested the effect of water shortage in B. juncea plants supplemented with or without the application of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in total 8 different treatments compared under open filed conditions using a randomised complete block design (RCBD). The treatments under control conditions were control (C, T1); C+Silicon (Si, T2); C+My (Mycorrhiza; T3); and C+Si+My (T4). In contrast, treatments under stress conditions were S (Stress; T5); S+Si (T6); S+My (T7) and S+Si+My (T8), respectively. In total, we evaluated 16 traits, including plant response to stress by evaluating peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. The fresh weight (g) increased only 7.47 percent with mycorrhiza (C+My) and 22.39 percent with silicon (C+Si) but increased 291.08 percent with both mycorrhiza and silicon (C+Si+My). Using mycorrhiza (S+My) or silicon (S+Si) alone produced a significant increase of 53.16 percent and 55.84 percent in fresh weight, respectively, while using both mycorrhiza and silicon (S+Si+My) together produced a dramatic increase of 380.71 percent under stress conditions. Superoxidase dismutase concentration (Ug−1 FW) was found to be increased by 29.48 percent, 6.71 percent, and 22.63 percent after applying C+My, C+Si and C+Si+My, but treatment under stress revealed some contrasting trends, with an increase of 11.21 percent and 19.77 percent for S+My, S+Si+My, but a decrease of 13.15 percent for S+Si. Finally, in the presence of stress, carotenoid content (mg/g FW) increased by 58.06 percent, 54.83 percent, 183.87 percent with C+My, and 23.81 percent with S+My and S+Si+My, but decreased by 22.22 percent with S+Si. Silicon application proved to be more effective than AMF treatment with Rhizophagus irregularis, and the best results were obtained with the combination of Si and AMF. This work will help to suggest the measures to overcome the water stress in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Department Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaista Qadir
- Department of Botany, Womens College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry FBSc, SKUAST Jammu J&K, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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19
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Drenched Silicon Suppresses Disease and Insect Pests in Coffee Plant Grown in Controlled Environment by Improving Physiology and Upregulating Defense Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073543. [PMID: 35408899 PMCID: PMC8998747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant disease and insect pests are major limiting factors that reduce crop production worldwide. The ornamental indoor cultivation cash crop dwarf coffee Punica arabica ‘Pacas’ is also troubled by these issues. Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant elements in the lithosphere and positively impacts plant health by effectively mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. Several studies have shown that Si activates plant defense systems, although the specific nature of the involvement of Si in biochemical processes that lead to resistance is unclear. In our study, Si significantly promoted the growth and development of dwarf coffee seedlings grown in plant growth chambers. More than that, through natural infection, Si suppressed disease and insect pests by improving physiology (e.g., the strong development of the internal structures of roots, stems, and leaves; higher photosynthetic efficiency; more abundant organic matter accumulation; the promotion of root activity; the efficient absorption and transfer of mineral elements; and various activated enzymes) and up-regulating defense genes (CaERFTF11 and CaERF13). Overall, in agriculture, Si may potentially contribute to global food security and safety by assisting in the creation of enhanced crop types with optimal production as well by mitigating plant disease and insect pests. In this sense, Si is a sustainable alternative in agricultural production.
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20
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Mir RA, Bhat BA, Yousuf H, Islam ST, Raza A, Rizvi MA, Charagh S, Albaqami M, Sofi PA, Zargar SM. Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819658. [PMID: 35401625 PMCID: PMC8984490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from the novel intervention of traditional and applied strategies to defend the abiotic stress conditions. The silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts by regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing the growth and development of crop plants. Si is categorized as a non-essential element since crop plants accumulate less during normal environmental conditions. Studies on the application of Si in plants highlight the beneficial role of Si during extreme stressful conditions through modulation of several metabolites during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones are primary plant metabolites positively regulated by Si during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones play a pivotal role in crop plants' broad-spectrum biochemical and physiological aspects during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are internally correlated with Si in regulating abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into the role of Si in enhancing the phytohormone metabolism and its role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical well-being of crop plants during diverse abiotic stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si's pivotal role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants through metabolic and molecular modulations is elaborated. Furthermore, the potential of various high throughput technologies has also been discussed in improving Si-induced multiple stress tolerance. In addition, a special emphasis is engrossed in the role of Si in achieving sustainable agricultural growth and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | | | - Henan Yousuf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaze A. Sofi
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
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Tripathi P, Tayade R, Mun BG, Yun BW, Kim Y. Silicon Application Differentially Modulates Root Morphology and Expression of PIN and YUCCA Family Genes in Soybean ( Glycine max L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:842832. [PMID: 35371163 PMCID: PMC8975267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.842832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is absorbed and accumulated by some plant species; it has been shown to improve plant growth and performance. The beneficial role of Si in plants is based on the fundamental assumptions, and the biological function of Si is still being researched due to its complex nature, distinctiveness, and interaction. The present study included two distinct experiment sets: a screening test and an advanced test. In the initial examination, we used 21 soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. Following the evaluation, we chose four cultivars to investigate further. In particular, the positive response cultivars, Taeseon and Geomjeongsaeol, showed a 14% increase in net photosynthesis (P N ), and a 19-26% increase in transpiration in Si-treated plants when compared to the control plants. Si-treated Taeseon, Geomjeongsaeol, and Somyongkong, Mallikong cultivars showed significant differences in root morphological traits (RMTs) and root system architecture (RSA) when compared to the control plants. Taeseon and Geomjeongsaeol showed a 26 and 46% increase in total root length (TRL) after Si application, respectively, compared to the control, whereas Mallikong and Somyongkong showed 26 and 20% decrease in TRL after Si treatment, respectively, compared to the control. The Si application enhanced the overall RMTs and RSA traits in Taeseon and Geomjeongsaeol; however, the other two cultivars, Somyongkong and Mallikong, showed a decrease in such RMTs and RATs. Furthermore, to understand the underlying molecular mechanism and the response of various cultivars, we measured the Si content and analyzed the gene expression of genes involved in auxin transport and root formation and development. We showed that the Si content significantly increased in the Si-treated Somyongkong (28%) and Taeseon (30%) compared to the control cultivars. Overall, our results suggested that Si affects root development as well as the genes involved in the auxin synthesis, transport pathway, and modulates root growth leading to cultivar-dependent variation in soybeans.
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Verma KK, Song XP, Lin B, Guo DJ, Singh M, Rajput VD, Singh RK, Singh P, Sharma A, Malviya MK, Chen GL, Li YR. Silicon Induced Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants: Physiological Adaptation Strategies. SILICON 2022; 14. [PMCID: PMC7982764 DOI: 10.1007/s12633-021-01071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Bo Lin
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226 007 India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006 Russia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007 Guangxi China
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Wang M, Wang R, Mur LAJ, Ruan J, Shen Q, Guo S. Functions of silicon in plant drought stress responses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:254. [PMID: 34848683 PMCID: PMC8633297 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element in Earth's crust, exerts beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of a variety of plant species under various environmental conditions. However, the benefits of Si and its importance to plants are controversial due to differences among the species, genotypes, and the environmental conditions. Although Si has been widely reported to alleviate plant drought stress in both the Si-accumulating and nonaccumulating plants, the underlying mechanisms through which Si improves plant water status and maintains water balance remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphoanatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes that are involved in plant water status that are regulated by Si in response to drought stress, especially the integrated modulation of Si-triggered drought stress responses in Si accumulators and intermediate- and excluder-type plants. The key mechanisms influencing the ability of Si to mitigate the effects of drought stress include enhancing water uptake and transport, regulating stomatal behavior and transpirational water loss, accumulating solutes and osmoregulatory substances, and inducing plant defense- associated with signaling events, consequently maintaining whole-plant water balance. This study evaluates the ability of Si to maintain water balance under drought stress conditions and suggests future research that is needed to implement the use of Si in agriculture. Considering the complex relationships between Si and different plant species, genotypes, and the environment, detailed studies are needed to understand the interactions between Si and plant responses under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture), Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang M, Wang R, Mur LAJ, Ruan J, Shen Q, Guo S. Functions of silicon in plant drought stress responses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:254. [PMID: 34848683 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00681-1/6491157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element in Earth's crust, exerts beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of a variety of plant species under various environmental conditions. However, the benefits of Si and its importance to plants are controversial due to differences among the species, genotypes, and the environmental conditions. Although Si has been widely reported to alleviate plant drought stress in both the Si-accumulating and nonaccumulating plants, the underlying mechanisms through which Si improves plant water status and maintains water balance remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphoanatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes that are involved in plant water status that are regulated by Si in response to drought stress, especially the integrated modulation of Si-triggered drought stress responses in Si accumulators and intermediate- and excluder-type plants. The key mechanisms influencing the ability of Si to mitigate the effects of drought stress include enhancing water uptake and transport, regulating stomatal behavior and transpirational water loss, accumulating solutes and osmoregulatory substances, and inducing plant defense- associated with signaling events, consequently maintaining whole-plant water balance. This study evaluates the ability of Si to maintain water balance under drought stress conditions and suggests future research that is needed to implement the use of Si in agriculture. Considering the complex relationships between Si and different plant species, genotypes, and the environment, detailed studies are needed to understand the interactions between Si and plant responses under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture), Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Ou Y, Ma S, Zhou X, Jin S, Wang L, Wang X, Shi J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang J, He C, Xiao Y. Multi-element Interactive Improvement Mechanism of Coal Fly Ash-Based Soil Conditioner on Wheat. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1580-1605. [PMID: 34822061 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Globally, coal fly ash (CFA) is a bulk industrial solid waste that is difficult to be disposed of, which posed serious environmental risks to the atmosphere, water, and soil. Besides, the food crisis outbreaks worldwide. In this case, the utilization of CFA to produce soil amendments is expected to improve the soil quality and to increase the grain yield. This paper took the soil conditioner prepared by chemical activation method as the research object, analyzed, and found out its mechanism when increasing the yield and improving the quality of crops. First, the simulated hydroponics method was used to identify the key yield-increasing factors in the soil conditioner as well as the effects of those factors by taking the plant height, stem thickness, dry weight, and fresh weight of wheat as indicators at the early stage of growth. Then, SPSS was used to analyze the interaction among K, P, and other four middle trace elements in the stem and the leaf of wheat. The results showed that for wheat seedlings, there were strong interactions between Fe and Mg, Mg and Ca, and Ca and Si. Fe had a significant enhancement effect on the fresh weight of wheat seedlings. Mg had a significant enhancement effect on both the fresh weight and dry weight of wheat seedlings. Si can greatly enhance the dry weight and plant height, and Ca can greatly increase the stem thickness. It was also found that the soil conditioner and the basic N, P, and K fertilizer had a good mutual promotion effect. Among the four elements, Mg and Si are the key growth factors. When the nutrient elements were relatively poor, the increase of Mg by 50% would lead to the growth of the fresh weight of wheat seedlings by 65%; when the content of active Si increased by 50%, the fresh weight would increase by 52%. Therefore, the soil conditioner prepared by modified treatment of CFA owns a good application prospect to increase the yield and quality of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Ou
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Xilingol Professional College, Xilinhot, 026000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxiang Jin
- Beijing Jingneng Electric Power Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuhu Wang
- Inner Mongolia Daihai Power Generation Co., Ltd, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, 012000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Shi
- Xilingol Professional College, Xilinhot, 026000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Daihai Power Generation Co., Ltd, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, 012000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan He
- Beijing Jingneng Electric Power Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Inner Mongolia Daihai Power Generation Co., Ltd, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, 012000, People's Republic of China
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26
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Bali AS, Sidhu GPS. Arsenic acquisition, toxicity and tolerance in plants - From physiology to remediation: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131050. [PMID: 34147983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Globally, environmental contamination by potentially noxious metalloids like arsenic is becoming a critical concern to the living organisms. Arsenic is a non-essential metalloid for plants and can be acclimatised in plants to toxic levels. Arsenic acquisition by plants poses serious health risks in human due to its entry in the food chain. High arsenic regimes disturb plant water relations, promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative outburst in plants. This review evidences a conceivable tie-up among arsenic levels, speciation, its availability, uptake, acquisition, transport, phytotoxicity and arsenic detoxification in plants. The role of different antioxidant enzymes to confer plant tolerance towards the enhanced arsenic distress has also been summed up. Additionally, the mechanisms involved in the modulation of different genes coupled with arsenic tolerance have been thoroughly discussed. This review is intended to present an overview to rationalise the contemporary progressions on the recent advances in phytoremediation approaches to overcome ecosystem contamination by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
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Kolbert Z, Ördög A. Involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in plant responses to metalloids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126606. [PMID: 34271449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to the limited or excess supply of metalloids, boron (B), silicon (Si), selenium (Se), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb) via complex signaling pathways that are mainly regulated by nitric oxide (NO). The absorption of metalloids from the soil is facilitated by pathways that involve aquaporins, aquaglyceroporins, phosphate, and sulfate transporters; however, their regulation by NO is poorly understood. Using in silico software, we predicted the S-nitrosation of known metalloid transporters, proposing NO-dependent regulation of metalloid transport systems at the posttranslational level. NO intensifies the stress-mitigating effect of Si, whereas in the case of Se, As, and Sb, the accumulation of NO or reactive nitrogen species contributes to toxicity. NO promotes the beneficial effect of low Se concentrations and mitigates the damage caused by B deficiency. In addition, the exogenous application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, reduces B, Se, and As toxicity. The primary role of NO in metalloid stress response is to mitigate oxidative stress by activating antioxidant defense at the level of protein activity and gene expression. This review discusses the role of NO in plant responses to metalloids and suggests future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged Közép fasor 52., Hungary
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Influence of Silicon on Biocontrol Strategies to Manage Biotic Stress for Crop Protection, Performance, and Improvement. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102163. [PMID: 34685972 PMCID: PMC8537781 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has never been acknowledged as a vital nutrient though it confers a crucial role in a variety of plants. Si may usually be expressed more clearly in Si-accumulating plants subjected to biotic stress. It safeguards several plant species from disease. It is considered as a common element in the lithosphere of up to 30% of soils, with most minerals and rocks containing silicon, and is classified as a "significant non-essential" element for plants. Plant roots absorb Si, which is subsequently transferred to the aboveground parts through transpiration stream. The soluble Si in cytosol activates metabolic processes that create jasmonic acid and herbivore-induced organic compounds in plants to extend their defense against biotic stressors. The soluble Si in the plant tissues also attracts natural predators and parasitoids during pest infestation to boost biological control, and it acts as a natural insect repellent. However, so far scientists, policymakers, and farmers have paid little attention to its usage as a pesticide. The recent developments in the era of genomics and metabolomics have opened a new window of knowledge in designing molecular strategies integrated with the role of Si in stress mitigation in plants. Accordingly, the present review summarizes the current status of Si-mediated plant defense against insect, fungal, and bacterial attacks. It was noted that the Si-application quenches biotic stress on a long-term basis, which could be beneficial for ecologically integrated strategy instead of using pesticides in the near future for crop improvement and to enhance productivity.
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Tripathi DK, Singh VP, Chauhan DK, Deshmukh R, Sahi S. New avenues of silicon research in plant biology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:955-957. [PMID: 34571388 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent PG College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Shivendra Sahi
- University of the Sciences in Philadelphia (USP), Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Das S, Kim GW, Lee JG, Bhuiyan MSI, Kim PJ. Silicate fertilization improves microbial functional potentials for stress tolerance in arsenic-enriched rice cropping systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125953. [PMID: 33984783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The host plant and its rhizosphere microbiome are similarly exposed to abiotic stresses under arsenic (As)-enriched cropping systems. Since silicon (Si) fertilization is effective in alleviating As-induced stresses in plants, and plant-microbe interactions are tightly coupled, we hypothesized that Si-fertilization would improve soil microbial functional potentials to environmental stress tolerance, which was not yet studied. With the help of high throughput metagenome, microarray and analyzing plant impacts on soil microbiome and the environment, we tested the hypothesis in two geographically different rice (i.e., Japonica and Indica) grown on As-enriched soils. Silicate fertilization in rice grown on As-enriched soils altered rhizosphere bacterial communities and increased several commensal microorganisms and their genetic potential to tolerate oxidative stress, osmotic stress, oxygen limitation, nitrogen and phosphate limitation, heat and cold shock, and radiation stress. The stress resistant microbial communities shifted with the changes in rhizosphere nutrient flows and cumulative plant impacts on the soil environment. The study highlights a thus-far unexplored behavior of Si-fertilization to improve microbial stress resilience under As-laden cropping systems and opens up a promising avenue to further study how commonalities in plant-microbe signaling in response to Si-fertilization alleviates As-induced stresses in agro-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Das
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Gil Won Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong Gu Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | | | - Pil Joo Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea; Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
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Bhardwaj S, Kapoor D. Fascinating regulatory mechanism of silicon for alleviating drought stress in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:1044-1053. [PMID: 34280603 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants confront several environmental stresses that are crucial in defining plant productivity. Among these environmental stresses, drought stress is recognized as the foremost abiotic factor which affects the food security around the globe due to its negative impact on the plant development, and quality of plant products. Because of this, drought stress has gained an imperative appearance in the field of plant sciences in recent years. Silicon (Si), an agronomically essential mineral nutrient, is recognized highly advantageous in enhancing plant growth at various phases of plant life cycle under water deficit circumstances. Si has been considered extensively useful in mitigating harmful consequences of drought stress by enhancing root H2O absorption, regulating uptake of nutrients, reducing transpiration rate, improving photosynthetic activity, increment in the production of compatible solutes and by elevating plant antioxidant defense functioning. Si also known to improve plant endurance to limited water availability by inducing the functioning of various stress associated genes. To maximize the potential benefits and sustainable efficiency of Si in agriculture, it is of crucial importance to gain knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of how Si counteract stress conditions. Various findings suggested that Si increases the plant's immune system against drought stress, and application of Si is an important approach to shield plants from adverse stress conditions and soil nutrient depletion. This paper shows that Si has imperative and noteworthy impacts on improving plant tolerance to drought stress via maintaining cellular homeostasis. Present review mainly provides an insight into silicon role as beneficial element to alleviate drought stress in plants by regulating their morphological, physicochemical and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
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32
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Arif Y, Singh P, Bajguz A, Alam P, Hayat S. Silicon mediated abiotic stress tolerance in plants using physio-biochemical, omic approach and cross-talk with phytohormones. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:278-289. [PMID: 34146783 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element present on the lithosphere and a quasi-essential element for plants' cellular and developmental processes. Si is associated with augmented germination, growth, photosynthesis, gas exchange, photosystem efficiency, and yield attributes in unstressed and stressed plants. The exogenous application of Si facilitates morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. It triggers the content of compatible osmolyte and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, which decreases reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Uptake and transport of Si in plants are discussed in this review. Furthermore, the potent roles of Si in plants are emphasized. The cross-talk of Si with phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid, and ethylene is also presented. Moreover, attempts have been made to cover the contribution of Si mediated enhancement in 'omics' (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and ionomic) approach that is useful in diminishing stress. This review aims to provide Si integration with phytohormone and utilization of 'omic approaches' to understand the role of Si in plants. This review also underlines the need for future research to evaluate the role of Si during abiotic stress in plants and the identification of gaps in understanding this process as a whole at a broader level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamshi Arif
- Aligarh Muslim University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Aligarh Muslim University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- University of Bialystok, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Konstantego Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Aligarh Muslim University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Saha G, Mostofa MG, Rahman MM, Tran LSP. Silicon-mediated heat tolerance in higher plants: A mechanistic outlook. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:341-347. [PMID: 34147726 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress, resulting from global warming, is considered one of the major challenges to be addressed for increasing plant survival and productivity worldwide. Although plants have a built-in defense mechanism against heat stress, such strategy seems to be insufficient to counteract heat adversities under extreme temperature regimes. Hence, increasing heat tolerance in plants for sustainable yields is one of the biggest challenges for researchers in the coming decades. Conventional plant breeding approach to enhance heat tolerance has gained some successes; however, more efforts are needed to make plants resilient to heat stress for increasing crop production during ongoing climate change. Thus, exploring 'heat stress mitigation strategies' using cost-effective and eco-friendly approaches may be quick and sustainable alternatives. The use of silicon (Si) and Si-nanoparticles (Si-NPs) in enhancing heat tolerance in plants has recently gained much attention. Application of Si and Si-NPs can assist plants to overcome heat-induced oxidative stress through the acceleration of reactive oxygen species detoxification by modulating the antioxidant systems and regulating transcription of key genes associated with heat stress responses. In fact, molecular rationale behind Si-mediated heat tolerance in plants is largely unknown. In this minireview, we made efforts to understand the mechanistic aspects of heat-induced responses and damages in plants, and possible molecular dynamics of Si-induced heat tolerance in plants. We also highlighted recent advances on how Si induces heat tolerance potential in plants and future perspectives on how Si can contribute to sustainable crop production under the increasing threat of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Saha
- Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh; Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Md Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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Malik MA, Wani AH, Mir SH, Rehman IU, Tahir I, Ahmad P, Rashid I. Elucidating the role of silicon in drought stress tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 165:187-195. [PMID: 34049031 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Predicted changes in climate, with more severe droughts and more extreme weather variability, are gaining considerable attention from stakeholders because of the already stressed and seriously challenging agricultural ecosystems of the contemporary world. One of the greatest challenges faced by these unique ecosystems due to climate change is drought stress, which affects plant growth, development and metabolic processes, thus reducing production, yield, and quality of crop plants. Plants counter this stress by employing complex mechanisms through a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular processes. Among the myriad of stress tolerance mechanisms, the positive effects of Si on water status of plants have been widely appreciated. Here, we review the potential of Si supplementation in alleviating drought stress and highlight the imported mechanisms involved in Si mediated reduction of drought stress in plants. Si fertilization not only enhances the photosynthetic pigments, growth, biomass, antioxidant enzymes, gene expression, osmolyte concentrations and nutrient uptake but also improves crop production, yield and grain quality during drought stress. In addition, it provides insights on important mechanisms involved in the modification of gas exchange attributes, gene modification, nutritional homeostasis, control synthesis of compatible solutes, osmotic adjustment and stimulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future research prospects to understand Si mediated role in alleviating drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abid Hussain Wani
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkat Hamid Mir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ishfaq Ul Rehman
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Song XP, Verma KK, Tian DD, Zhang XQ, Liang YJ, Huang X, Li CN, Li YR. Exploration of silicon functions to integrate with biotic stress tolerance and crop improvement. Biol Res 2021; 54:19. [PMID: 34238380 PMCID: PMC8265040 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of climate change, due to increased incidences of a wide range of various environmental stresses, especially biotic and abiotic stresses around the globe, the performance of plants can be affected by these stresses. After oxygen, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is not considered as an important element, but can be thought of as a multi-beneficial quasi-essential element for plants. This review on silicon presents an overview of the versatile role of this element in a variety of plants. Plants absorb silicon through roots from the rhizospheric soil in the form of silicic or monosilicic acid. Silicon plays a key metabolic function in living organisms due to its relative abundance in the atmosphere. Plants with higher content of silicon in shoot or root are very few prone to attack by pests, and exhibit increased stress resistance. However, the more remarkable impact of silicon is the decrease in the number of seed intensities/soil-borne and foliar diseases of major plant varieties that are infected by biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The amelioration in disease symptoms are due to the effect of silicon on a some factors involved in providing host resistance namely, duration of incubation, size, shape and number of lesions. The formation of a mechanical barrier beneath the cuticle and in the cell walls by the polymerization of silicon was first proposed as to how this element decreases plant disease severity. The current understanding of how this element enhances resistance in plants subjected to biotic stress, the exact functions and mechanisms by which it modulates plant biology by potentiating the host defence mechanism needs to be studied using genomics, metabolomics and proteomics. The role of silicon in helping the plants in adaption to biotic stress has been discussed which will help to plan in a systematic way the development of more sustainable agriculture for food security and safety in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Peng Song
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Krishan K Verma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Dan-Dan Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong-Jian Liang
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo, 532200, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang-Ning Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China.
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Khan MIR, Ashfaque F, Chhillar H, Irfan M, Khan NA. The intricacy of silicon, plant growth regulators and other signaling molecules for abiotic stress tolerance: An entrancing crosstalk between stress alleviators. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:36-47. [PMID: 33667965 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Unfavorable environmental conditions are the critical inimical to the sustainable agriculture. Among various novel strategies designed to protect plants from abiotic stress threats, use of mineral elements as 'stress mitigators' has emerged as the most crucial and interesting aspect. Silicon (Si) is a quasi-essential nutrient that mediates plant growth and development and interacts with plant growth regulators (PGRs) and signaling molecules to combat abiotic stress induced adversities in plants and increase stress tolerance. PGRs are one of the most important chemical messengers that mediate plant growth and development during stressful conditions. However, the individual roles of Si and PGRs have extensively defined but their exquisite crosstalk with each other to mediate plant stress responses is still indiscernible. The present review is an upfront effort to delineate an intricate crosstalk/interaction between Si and PGRs to reduce abiotic stress adversities. The combined effects of interaction of Si with other signaling molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and calcium (Ca2+) for the survival of plants under stress and optimal conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farha Ashfaque
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Mohammad Irfan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
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Dhiman P, Rajora N, Bhardwaj S, Sudhakaran SS, Kumar A, Raturi G, Chakraborty K, Gupta OP, Devanna BN, Tripathi DK, Deshmukh R. Fascinating role of silicon to combat salinity stress in plants: An updated overview. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:110-123. [PMID: 33667964 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress limits plant growth and productivity by severely impacting the fundamental physiological processes. Silicon (Si) supplementation is considered one of the promising methods to improve plant resilience under salt stress. Here, the role of Si in modulating physiological and biochemical processes that get adversely affected by high salinity, is discussed. Although numerous reports show the beneficial effects of Si under stress, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this is not well understood. Questions like whether all plants are equally benefitted with Si supplementation despite having varying Si uptake capability and salinity tolerance are still elusive. This review illustrates the Si uptake and accumulation mechanism to understand the direct or indirect participation of Si in different physiological processes. Evaluation of plant responses at transcriptomics and proteomics levels are promising in understanding the role of Si. Integration of physiological understanding with omics scale information highlighted Si supplementation affecting the phytohormonal and antioxidant responses under salinity as a key factor defining improved resilience. Similarly, the crosstalk of Si with lignin and phenolic content under salt stress also seems to be an important phenomenon helping plants to reduce the stress. The present review also addressed various crucial mechanisms by which Si application alleviates salt stress, such as a decrease in oxidative damage, decreased lipid peroxidation, improved photosynthetic ability, and ion homeostasis. Besides, the application and challenges of using Si-nanoparticles have also been addressed. Comprehensive information and discussion provided here will be helpful to better understand the role of Si under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Dhiman
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitika Rajora
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Bhardwaj
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sreeja S Sudhakaran
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Om Prakash Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - B N Devanna
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture (AIOA), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Lesharadevi K, Parthasarathi T, Muneer S. Silicon biology in crops under abiotic stress: A paradigm shift and cross-talk between genomics and proteomics. J Biotechnol 2021; 333:21-38. [PMID: 33933485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is a beneficial element to improve the biological process, growth, development, and crop productivity. The review mainly focuses on the advantage of crops supplemented with silicon, how Si alleviate abiotic stress as well as regulate the genes and proteins involved in metabolic and biological functions in plants. Abiotic stress causes damage to the proteins, nucleic acids, affect transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, alter the nutrient balance, and cell desiccation which could reduce the growth and development of the plants. To overcome from this problem researchers, focus on beneficial element like silicon to protect the plants against various abiotic stresses. The previous review reports are based on the application of silicon on salinity and drought stress, plant defense mechanism, the elevation of plant metabolism, enhancement of the biochemical and physiological properties, regulation of secondary metabolites and plant hormone. Here, we discuss about the silicon uptake and accumulation in plants, and silicon regulates the reactive oxygen species under abiotic stress, further we mainly focus on the genes and proteins which play a vital role in plants with silicon supplementation. The study can help the researchers to focus further on plants to improve the advancement in them under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Lesharadevi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India; Plant Genomics and Biochemistry Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil-Nadu, India
| | - Theivasigamani Parthasarathi
- Plant Genomics and Biochemistry Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil-Nadu, India.
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kumaraswamy RV, Saharan V, Kumari S, Chandra Choudhary R, Pal A, Sharma SS, Rakshit S, Raliya R, Biswas P. Chitosan-silicon nanofertilizer to enhance plant growth and yield in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:53-66. [PMID: 33338820 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel chitosan-silicon nanofertilizer (CS-Si NF) wherein chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nano-matrix has been used to encapsulate silicon (Si) for its slow release. It was synthesied by ionic gelation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The developed CS-Si NF exhibited slow release of Si and promoted gowth and yield in maize crop. Seeds primed with different concentrations of CS-Si NF (0.04-0.12%, w/v) exhibited up to 3.7 fold increased seedling vigour index (SVI) as compared with SiO2. Its foliar spray significantly induced antioxidant-defence enzymes' activities and equilibrated cellular redox homeostasis by balancing O2-1 and H2O2 content in leaf as compared with SiO2. Application of nanofertilizer (0.01-0.16%, w/v) stirred total chlorophyll content (21.01-25.11 mg/g) and leaf area (159.34-166.96 cm2) to expedite photosynthesis as compared with SiO2. In field experiment, 0.08% CS-Si NF resulted in 43.4% higher yield/plot and 0.04% concentration gave 45% higher test weight as compared with SiO2. Fecund and myriad effects of developed nanofertilizer over SiO2 could be attributed to slow/protective release of Si from nanofertilizer. Overall, results decipher the enormous potential of CS-Si NF for its use as a next generation nanofertilizer for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Kumaraswamy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India.
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Ram Chandra Choudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO ,63130, USA; Nano Biotechnology Research Center, Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382423, India
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO ,63130, USA
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Banerjee A, Singh A, Sudarshan M, Roychoudhury A. Silicon nanoparticle-pulsing mitigates fluoride stress in rice by fine-tuning the ionomic and metabolomic balance and refining agronomic traits. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127826. [PMID: 33182120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present manuscript investigates the roles of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in ameliorating fluoride toxicity in the susceptible rice cultivar, IR-64. Fluoride toxicity reduced overall growth and yield by suppressing grain development. Fluoride stress alarmingly increased the accumulation of cobalt, which together with fluoride triggered electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal and hydrogen peroxide accumulation and NADPH oxidase activity. The overall photosynthesis was compromised due to chlorosis and inhibited Hill activity. Nano-Si-priming efficiently ameliorated molecular injuries and restored yield by reducing fluoride bioaccumulation particularly in the grains. The level of non-enzymatic antioxidants like anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolics and glutathione was stimulated upon SiNP-priming. Nano-Si-pulsing removed fluoride-mediated inhibition of glutathione synthesis by activating glutathione reductase. Glutathione was utilized to activate glyoxalases and associated enzymes like glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase. Uptake of nutrients like silicon, potassium, zinc, copper, iron, nickel, manganese, selenium and vanadium improved seedling health even during prolonged fluoride stress. Nano-Si-pulsing produced a nanozymatic effect, since high level of crucial co-factors like copper, zinc and iron stimulated the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase, which synergistically with other enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants scavenged reactive oxygen species and promoted fluoride tolerance. Overall, the study supported by statistical modelling using principal component analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding and multidimensional scaling, established the potential of SiNP to promote safe rice cultivation and precision farming even in fluoride-infested environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Banerjee
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankur Singh
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
| | - M Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700098, India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India.
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Ahanger MA, Bhat JA, Siddiqui MH, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Integration of silicon and secondary metabolites in plants: a significant association in stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6758-6774. [PMID: 32585681 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are unable to avoid being subjected to environmental stresses that negatively affect their growth and productivity. Instead, they utilize various mechanisms at the morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels to alleviate the deleterious effects of such stresses. Amongst these, secondary metabolites produced by plants represent an important component of the defense system. Secondary metabolites, namely phenolics, terpenes, and nitrogen-containing compounds, have been extensively demonstrated to protect plants against multiple stresses, both biotic (herbivores and pathogenic microorganisms) and abiotic (e.g. drought, salinity, and heavy metals). The regulation of secondary metabolism by beneficial elements such as silicon (Si) is an important topic. Silicon-mediated alleviation of both biotic and abiotic stresses has been well documented in numerous plant species. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the involvement of Si in strengthening stress tolerance through the modulation of secondary metabolism. In this review, we discuss Si-mediated regulation of the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of secondary metabolites that lead to enhanced stress tolerance, with a focus on physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects. Whilst mechanisms involved in Si-mediated regulation of pathogen resistance via secondary metabolism have been established in plants, they are largely unknown in the case of abiotic stresses, thus leaving an important gap in our current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Environment, Energy, and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Farouk S, Elhindi KM, Alotaibi MA. Silicon supplementation mitigates salinity stress on Ocimum basilicum L. via improving water balance, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant defense system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111396. [PMID: 33039852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Gómez-Merino FC, Trejo-Téllez LI, García-Jiménez A, Escobar-Sepúlveda HF, Ramírez-Olvera SM. Silicon flow from root to shoot in pepper: a comprehensive in silico analysis reveals a potential linkage between gene expression and hormone signaling that stimulates plant growth and metabolism. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10053. [PMID: 33194376 PMCID: PMC7648454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon (Si) is categorized as a quasi-essential element for plants thanks to the benefits on growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Si uptake is cooperatively mediated by Lsi1 and Lsi2. Nevertheless, Lsi channels have not yet been identified and characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum), while genes involved in major physiological processes in pepper are Si-regulated. Furthermore, Si and phytohormones may act together in regulating plant growth, metabolism and tolerance against stress. Our aim was to identify potential synergies between Si and phytohormones stimulating growth and metabolism in pepper, based on in silico data. Methods We established a hydroponic system to test the effect of Si (0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L−1 Si) on the concentrations of this element in different pepper plant tissues. We also performed an in silico analysis of putative Lsi genes from pepper and other species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, to look for cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones in their promoter regions. With the Lsi1 and Lsi2 protein sequences from various plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis. Taking into consideration the Lsi genes retrieved from tomato, potato and Arabidopsis, an expression profiling analysis in different plant tissues was carried out. Expression of Si-regulated genes was also analyzed in response to phytohormones and different plant tissues and developmental stages in Arabidopsis. Results Si concentrations in plant tissues exhibited the following gradient: roots > stems > leaves. We were able to identify 16 Lsi1 and three Lsi2 genes in silico in the pepper genome, while putative Lsi homologs were also found in other plant species. They were mainly expressed in root tissues in the genomes analyzed. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes displayed cis-acting elements responsive to diverse phytohormones. In Arabidopsis, Si-regulated genes were transcriptionally active in most tissues analyzed, though at different expressed levels. From the set of Si-responsive genes, the NOCS2 gene was highly expressed in germinated seeds, whereas RABH1B, and RBCS-1A, were moderately expressed in developed flowers. All genes analyzed showed responsiveness to phytohormones and phytohormone precursors. Conclusion Pepper root cells are capable of absorbing Si, but small amounts of this element are transported to the upper parts of the plant. We could identify putative Si influx (Lsi1) and efflux (Lsi2) channels that potentially participate in the absorption and transport of Si, since they are mainly expressed in roots. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes exhibit cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions, which are involved in phytohormone responses, pointing to a potential connection among Si, phytohormones, plant growth, and other vital physiological processes triggered by Si in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Atonaltzin García-Jiménez
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
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Cassol JC, Sponchiado D, Dornelles SHB, Tabaldi LA, Barreto EPM, Pivetta M, Lopes SJ. Silicon as an attenuator of drought stress in plants of Oryza sativa L. treated with dietholate. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 81:1061-1072. [PMID: 33111932 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.235052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is an element that can improve the growth and development of rice plants in water-deficient environments because it is an enzymatic stimulant, signaling for production of antioxidant compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between water deficiency and the effect of Si on two rice cultivars whose seeds were treated with dietholate. The experimental design was fully randomized with three replicates, and treatments were organized in a 3x2x2x4 factorial arrangement: three water soil conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity (WRC) and complete submergence in a water blade of 5.0 cm); two cultivars (IRGA 424 RI and Guri INTA CL); two sources of Si (sodium metasilicate and potassium metasilicate); and four rates of Si (0; 4.0; 8.0 and 16 g L-1). Chlorophyll a and b, leaf area and shoot and root dry weight increased at higher rates of Si under the three soil water regimes. There was an increase in superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity in the cultivars at higher rates of Si, reducing lipid peroxidation caused by water deficiency. Therefore, Si did indeed attenuate water deficiency stress in rice plants emerging from seeds treated with dietholate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Cassol
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - D Sponchiado
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - S H B Dornelles
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - L A Tabaldi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - E P M Barreto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - M Pivetta
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - S J Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Gaur S, Kumar J, Kumar D, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM, Srivastava PK. Fascinating impact of silicon and silicon transporters in plants: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110885. [PMID: 32650140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a metalloid which is gaining worldwide attention of plant scientists due to its ameliorating impact on plants' growth and development. The beneficial response of Si is observed predominantly under numerous abiotic and biotic stress conditions. However, under favorable conditions, most of the plant can grow without it. Therefore, Si has yet not been fully accepted as essential element rather it is being considered as quasi-essential for plants' growth. Si is also known to enhance resilience in plants by reducing the plant's stress. Besides its second most abundance on the earth crust, most of the soils lack plant available form of Si i.e. silicic acid. In this regard, understanding the role of Si in plant metabolism, its uptake from roots and transport to aerial tissues along with its ionomics and proteomics under different circumstances is of great concern. Plants have evolved a well-optimized Si-transport system including various transporter proteins like Low silicon1 (Lsi1), Low silicon2 (Lsi2), Low silicon3 (Lsi3) and Low silicon6 (Lsi6) at specific sub-cellular locations along with the expression profiling that creates precisely coordinated network among these transporters, which also facilitate uptake and accumulation of Si. Though, an ample amount of information is available pertinent to the solute specificity, active sites, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of these transporter genes. Similarly, the information regarding transporters involved in Si accumulation in different organelles is also available particularly in silica cells occurred in poales. But in this review, we have attempted to compile studies related to plants vis à vis Si, its role in abiotic and biotic stress, its uptake in various parts of plants via different types of Si-transporters, expression pattern, localization and the solute specificity. Besides these, this review will also provide the compiled knowledge about the genetic variation among crop plants vis à vis enhanced Si uptake and related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gaur
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India; Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. Shakuntla Misra National Rehabilitation University, Mohaan Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226017, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Prabhat Kumar Srivastava
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India; Department of Botany, KS Saket PG College, Ayodhya U.P, 224123., India.
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The Effect of a Fly Ash-Based Soil Conditioner on Corn and Wheat Yield and Risk Analysis of Heavy Metal Contamination. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of coal fly ash (CFA) as a soil conditioner has been a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, the continuity and stability of the yield-increasing effect of a fly ash-based soil conditioner were investigated through field trials for three consecutive years. The yield-increasing effect and applicability were also investigated by planting a variety of crops in different types of soil. Field test results revealed that the new fly ash-based soil conditioner had wide adaptability and stability under the condition of reducing the application of traditional fertilizers by 20%. For corns grown in castano-cinnamon soil and dark brown soil, the application of the new fly ash-based soil conditioner for three consecutive years has steadily increased the yield by more than 10%. The yield of wheat planted in castano-cinnamon soil also increased by 15%. Additionally, considering that heavy metals (HMs) contained in the fly ash-based soil conditioner may cause environmental contamination, this paper calculated and analyzed the bio-concentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF) of Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb in the corn experimental fields. The results showed that the five heavy metals were not significantly enriched in various parts of the corn stalk after application of the soil conditioner, and there was temporarily no environmental risk in terms of returning straws to the field or raising livestock.
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Labancová E, Vivodová Z, Kučerová D, Lišková D, Kollárová K. The cadmium tolerance development of poplar callus is influenced by silicon. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:987-1002. [PMID: 32623602 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium-tolerant plants were studied for their possible usage in phytoremediation techniques. However, their response to cadmium cations at a cellular level has not been properly studied. Silicon is a beneficial element that seems to change the plant's response to the Cd2+ presence. The aim of the present study was to investigate the Cd2+ tolerance patterns of poplar callus cells exposed to Cd+2 and/or Si over short and long cultivation periods. We determined the growth parameters of the callus, the growth dynamics, cell vitality, photosynthetic pigment concentrations and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The effects were studied over short (21 days) and long (63 days) cultivation periods. The most important result proved that the poplar callus tissue is able to build up a tolerance to Cd2+ after a longer cultivation period. On the 63rd day of the cultivation, Cd2+ stressed calli showed improvement in studied parameters and the callus cells accumulated Cd2+ more efficiently than on the 21st day. Supplementation with Si in higher concentrations (2.5 mM and 5 mM) heightened the Cd-tolerance potential of the tissue. The treatment of Cd2+, and Si in a 2.5 mM concentration was the most efficient variant for Cd2+ removal from medium. The activity of antioxidant enzymes showed that poplar callus cells effectively develop tolerance against Cd2+ after a longer cultivation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Labancová
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Vivodová
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Danica Kučerová
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Desana Lišková
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karin Kollárová
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Thorne SJ, Hartley SE, Maathuis FJM. Is Silicon a Panacea for Alleviating Drought and Salt Stress in Crops? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1221. [PMID: 32973824 PMCID: PMC7461962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects around 20% of all arable land while an even larger area suffers from recurrent drought. Together these stresses suppress global crop production by as much as 50% and their impacts are predicted to be exacerbated by climate change. Infrastructure and management practices can mitigate these detrimental impacts, but are costly. Crop breeding for improved tolerance has had some success but is progressing slowly and is not keeping pace with climate change. In contrast, Silicon (Si) is known to improve plant tolerance to a range of stresses and could provide a sustainable, rapid and cost-effective mitigation method. The exact mechanisms are still under debate but it appears Si can relieve salt stress via accumulation in the root apoplast where it reduces "bypass flow of ions to the shoot. Si-dependent drought relief has been linked to lowered root hydraulic conductance and reduction of water loss through transpiration. However, many alternative mechanisms may play a role such as altered gene expression and increased accumulation of compatible solutes. Oxidative damage that occurs under stress conditions can be reduced by Si through increased antioxidative enzymes while Si-improved photosynthesis has also been reported. Si fertilizer can be produced relatively cheaply and to assess its economic viability to improve crop stress tolerance we present a cost-benefit analysis. It suggests that Si fertilization may be beneficial in many agronomic settings but may be beyond the means of smallholder farmers in developing countries. Si application may also have disadvantages, such as increased soil pH, less efficient conversion of crops into biofuel and reduced digestibility of animal fodder. These issues may hamper uptake of Si fertilization as a routine agronomic practice. Here, we critically evaluate recent literature, quantifying the most significant physiological changes associated with Si in plants under drought and salinity stress. Analyses show that metrics associated with photosynthesis, water balance and oxidative stress all improve when Si is present during plant exposure to salinity and drought. We further conclude that most of these changes can be explained by apoplastic roles of Si while there is as yet little evidence to support biochemical roles of this element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Thorne
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Hartley
- Department of Biology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Trejo-Téllez LI, García-Jiménez A, Escobar-Sepúlveda HF, Ramírez-Olvera SM, Bello-Bello JJ, Gómez-Merino FC. Silicon induces hormetic dose-response effects on growth and concentrations of chlorophylls, amino acids and sugars in pepper plants during the early developmental stage. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9224. [PMID: 32551195 PMCID: PMC7292026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that has been proven to influence plant responses including growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Methods In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Si on the growth and concentrations of chlorophylls, total amino acids, and total sugars of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) during the early developmental stage in a hydroponic system under conventional (unstressed) conditions. We tested four Si concentrations (applied as calcium silicate): 0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L-1, and growth variables were measured 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment (dat), while biochemical variables were recorded at the end of the experiment, 28 dat. Results The application of 125 mg L-1 Si improved leaf area, fresh and dry biomass weight in leaves and stems, total soluble sugars, and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b in both leaves and stems. The amino acids concentration in leaves and roots, as well as the stem diameter were the highest in plants treated with 60 mg L-1 Si. Nevertheless, Si applications reduced root length, stem diameter and total free amino acids in leaves and stems, especially when applied at the highest concentration (i.e., 250 mg L-1 Si). Conclusion The application of Si has positive effects on pepper plants during the early developmental stage, including stimulation of growth, as well as increased concentrations of chlorophylls, total free amino acids and total soluble sugars. In general, most benefits from Si applications were observed in the range of 60-125 mg L-1 Si, while some negative effects were observed at the highest concentration applied (i.e., 250 mg L-1 Si). Therefore, pepper is a good candidate crop to benefit from Si application during the early developmental stage under unstressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
- Department of Soil Science. Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Atonaltzin García-Jiménez
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Sara Monzerrat Ramírez-Olvera
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jericó Jabín Bello-Bello
- Department of Biotechnology, CONACYT-College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Córdoba, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
- Department of Soil Science. Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
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50
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Elsheery NI, Sunoj VSJ, Wen Y, Zhu JJ, Muralidharan G, Cao KF. Foliar application of nanoparticles mitigates the chilling effect on photosynthesis and photoprotection in sugarcane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:50-60. [PMID: 32035252 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chilling is one of the main abiotic stresses that adversely affect the productivity of sugarcane, in marginal tropical regions where chilling incidence occurs with seasonal changes. However, nanoparticles (NPs) have been tested as a mitigation strategy against diverse abiotic stresses. In this study, NPs such as silicon dioxide (nSiO2; 5-15 nm), zinc oxide (nZnO; <100 nm), selenium (nSe; 100 mesh), graphene (graphene nanoribbons [GNRs] alkyl functionalized; 2-15 μm × 40-250 nm) were applied as foliar sprays on sugarcane leaves to understand the amelioration effect of NPs against negative impact of chilling stress on photosynthesis and photoprotection. To this end, seedlings of moderately chilling tolerant sugarcane variety Guitang 49 was used for current study and spilt plot was used as statistical design. The changes in the level chilling tolerance after the application of NPs on Guitang 49 were compared with tolerance level of chilling tolerant variety Guitang 28. NPs treatments reduced the adverse effects of chilling by maintaining the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), maximum photo-oxidizable PSI (Pm), and photosynthetic gas exchange. Furthermore, application of NPs increased the content of light harvesting pigments (chlorophylls and cartinoids) in NPs treated seedlings. Higher carotenoid accumulation in leaves of NPs treated seedlings enhanced the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of PSII. Among the NPs, nSiO2 showed higher amelioration effects and it can be used alone or in combination with other NPs to mitigate chilling stress in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil I Elsheery
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China; Department of Agricultural Botany, Tanta University, Tanta, 72513, Egypt
| | - V S J Sunoj
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Y Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - J J Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - G Muralidharan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - K F Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, PR China.
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