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Riaz A, Thomas J, Ali HH, Zaheer MS, Ahmad N, Pereira A. High night temperature stress on rice ( Oryza sativa) - insights from phenomics to physiology. A review. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24057. [PMID: 38815128 DOI: 10.1071/fp24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa ) faces challenges to yield and quality due to urbanisation, deforestation and climate change, which has exacerbated high night temperature (HNT). This review explores the impacts of HNT on the physiological, molecular and agronomic aspects of rice growth. Rise in minimum temperature threatens a potential 41% reduction in rice yield by 2100. HNT disrupts rice growth stages, causing reduced seed germination, biomass, spikelet sterility and poor grain development. Recent findings indicate a 4.4% yield decline for every 1°C increase beyond 27°C, with japonica ecotypes exhibiting higher sensitivity than indica. We examine the relationships between elevated CO2 , nitrogen regimes and HNT, showing that the complexity of balancing positive CO2 effects on biomass with HNT challenges. Nitrogen enrichment proves crucial during the vegetative stage but causes disruption to reproductive stages, affecting grain yield and starch synthesis. Additionally, we elucidate the impact of HNT on plant respiration, emphasising mitochondrial respiration, photorespiration and antioxidant responses. Genomic techniques, including CRISPR-Cas9, offer potential for manipulating genes for HNT tolerance. Plant hormones and carbohydrate enzymatic activities are explored, revealing their intricate roles in spikelet fertility, grain size and starch metabolism under HNT. Gaps in understanding genetic factors influencing heat tolerance and potential trade-offs associated with hormone applications remain. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to provide a holistic approach. Research priorities include the study of regulatory mechanisms, post-anthesis effects, cumulative HNT exposure and the interaction between climate variability and HNT impact to provide a research direction to enhance rice resilience in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Riaz
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Life Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Julie Thomas
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Life Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Hafiz Haider Ali
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Life Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; and Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; and Department of Plant Sciences, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID, USA
| | - Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andy Pereira
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Life Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Zhang Z, Sun W, Wen L, Liu Y, Guo X, Liu Y, Yao C, Xue Q, Sun Z, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Dynamic gene regulatory networks improving spike fertility through regulation of floret primordia fate in wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3628-3643. [PMID: 37485926 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The developmental process of spike is critical for spike fertility through affecting floret primordia fate in wheat; however, the genetic regulation of this dynamic and complex developmental process remains unclear. Here, we conducted a high temporal-resolution analysis of spike transcriptomes and monitored the number and morphology of floret primordia within spike. The development of all floret primordia in a spike was clearly separated into three distinct phases: differentiation, pre-dimorphism and dimorphism. Notably, we identified that floret primordia with meiosis ability at the pre-dimorphism phase usually develop into fertile floret primordia in the next dimorphism phase. Compared to control, increasing plant space treatment achieved the maximum increasement range (i.e., 50%) in number of fertile florets by accelerating spike development. The process of spike fertility improvement was directed by a continuous and dynamic regulatory network involved in transcription factor and genes interaction. This was based on the coordination of genes related to heat shock protein and jasmonic acid biosynthesis during differentiation phase, and genes related to lignin, anthocyanin and chlorophyll biosynthesis during dimorphism phase. The multi-dimensional association with high temporal-resolution approach reported here allows rapid identification of genetic resource for future breeding studies to realise the maximum spike fertility potential in more cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyun Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqun Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwu Xue
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Amarillo, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Zhencai Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Agriculture in Low Plain Areas, Hebei Province, China
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3
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Wang D, Zuo J, Liu S, Wang W, Lu Q, Hao X, Fang Z, Liang T, Sun Y, Guo C, Zhao C, Tang Y. BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR1 genes regulate abiotic stress and anther development in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1219856. [PMID: 37621887 PMCID: PMC10446898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1219856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1) family members are crucial downstream regulators that positively mediate brassinosteroid signaling, playing vital roles in the regulation of plant stress responses and anther development in Arabidopsis. Importantly, the expression profiles of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) BES1 genes have not been analyzed comprehensively and systematically in response to abiotic stress or during anther development. In this study, we identified 23 BES1-like genes in common wheat, which were unevenly distributed on 17 out of 21 wheat chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the BES1 genes into four major clades; moreover, TaBES1-3A2, TaBES1-3B2 and TaBES1-3D2 belonged to the same clade as Arabidopsis BES1/BZR1 HOMOLOG3 (BEH3) and BEH4, which participate in anther development. The expression levels of 23 wheat BES1 genes were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR under various abiotic stress conditions (drought, salt, heat, and cold), and we found that most TaBES1-like genes were downregulated under abiotic stress, particularly during drought stress. We therefore used drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive wheat cultivars to explore TaBES1 expression patterns under drought stress. TaBES1-3B2 and TaBES1-3D2 expression was high in drought-tolerant cultivars but substantially repressed in drought-sensitive cultivars, while TaBES1-6D presented an opposite pattern. Among genes preferentially expressed in anthers, TaBES1-3B2 and TaBES1-3D2 expression was substantially downregulated in thermosensitive genic male-sterile wheat lines compared to common wheat cultivar under sterile conditions, while we detected no obvious differences under fertile conditions. This result suggests that TaBES1-3B2 and TaBES1-3D2 might not only play roles in regulating drought tolerance, but also participate in low temperature-induced male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhou Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Zuo
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Agriculture College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaocong Hao
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofeng Fang
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Agriculture College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Agriculture College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chunman Guo
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Yimiao Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Beijing, China
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Xu L, Tang Y, Yang Y, Wang D, Wang H, Du J, Bai Y, Su S, Zhao C, Li L. Microspore-expressed SCULP1 is required for p-coumaroylation of sporopollenin, exine integrity, and pollen development in wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:102-115. [PMID: 36994607 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sporopollenin is one of the most structurally sophisticated and chemically recalcitrant biopolymers. In higher plants, sporopollenin is the dominant component of exine, the outer wall of pollen grains, and contains covalently linked phenolics that protect the male gametes from harsh environments. Although much has been learned about the biosynthesis of sporopollenin precursors in the tapetum, the nutritive cell layer surrounding developing microspores, little is known about how the biopolymer is assembled on the microspore surface. We identified SCULP1 (SKS clade universal in pollen) as a seed plant conserved clade of the multicopper oxidase family. We showed that SCULP1 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is specifically expressed in the microspore when sporopollenin assembly takes place, localized to the developing exine, and binds p-coumaric acid in vitro. Through genetic, biochemical, and 3D reconstruction analyses, we demonstrated that SCULP1 is required for p-coumaroylation of sporopollenin, exine integrity, and pollen viability. Moreover, we found that SCULP1 accumulation is compromised in thermosensitive genic male sterile wheat lines and its expression partially restored exine integrity and male fertility. These findings identified a key microspore protein in autonomous sporopollenin polymer assembly, thereby laying the foundation for elucidating and engineering sporopollenin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yimiao Tang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dezhou Wang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianmei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shichao Su
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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5
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Ogrodowicz P, Wojciechowicz MK, Kuczyńska A, Krajewski P, Kempa M. The Effects of Growth Modification on Pollen Development in Spring Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance. Cells 2023; 12:1656. [PMID: 37371126 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress inducing pollen sterility can reduce crop yield worldwide. The regulatory crosstalk associated with the effects of drought on pollen formation at the cellular level has not been explored in detail so far. In this study, we performed morphological and cytoembryological analysis of anther perturbations and examined pollen development in two spring barley genotypes that differ in earliness and drought tolerance. The Syrian breeding line CamB (drought-tolerant) and the European cultivar Lubuski (drought-sensitive) were used as experimental materials to analyze the drought-induced changes in yield performance, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, the pollen grain micromorphology and ultrastructure during critical stages of plant development. In addition, fluctuations in HvGAMYB expression were studied, as this transcription factor is closely associated with the development of the anther. In the experiments, the studied plants were affected by drought, as was confirmed by the analyses of yield performance and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics. However, contrary to our expectations, the pollen development of plants grown under specific conditions was not severely affected. The results also suggest that growth modification, as well as the perturbation in light distribution, can affect the HvGAMYB expression. This study demonstrated that the duration of the vegetation period can influence plant drought responses and, as a consequence, the processes associated with pollen development as every growth modification changes the dynamics of drought effects as well as the duration of plant exposition to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Katarzyna Wojciechowicz
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 1 Wieniawskiego Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anetta Kuczyńska
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Kempa
- Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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6
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Qiao Y, Hou B, Qi X. Biosynthesis and transport of pollen coat precursors in angiosperms. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:864-876. [PMID: 37231040 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The pollen coat is a hydrophobic mixture on the pollen grain surface, which plays an important role in protecting male gametes from various environmental stresses and microorganism attacks, and in pollen-stigma interactions during pollination in angiosperms. An abnormal pollen coat can result in humidity-sensitive genic male sterility (HGMS), which can be used in two-line hybrid crop breeding. Despite the crucial functions of the pollen coat and the application prospect of its mutants, few studies have focused on pollen coat formation. In this Review, the morphology, composition and function of different types of pollen coat are assessed. On the basis of the ultrastructure and development process of the anther wall and exine found in rice and Arabidopsis, the genes and proteins involved in the biosynthesis of pollen coat precursors and the possible transport and regulation process are sorted. Additionally, current challenges and future perspectives, including potential strategies utilizing HGMS genes in heterosis and plant molecular breeding, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingzhu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Ogrodowicz P, Kuczyńska A, Krajewski P, Kempa M. The effects of heading time on yield performance and HvGAMYB expression in spring barley subjected to drought. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:289-302. [PMID: 36897474 PMCID: PMC10076406 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
In the lifetime of a plant, flowering is not only an essential part of the reproductive process but also a critical developmental stage that can be vulnerable to environmental stresses. To ensure survival during drought, plants accelerate the flowering process, and this response is known as "drought escape." HvGAMYB-transcription factor associated, among others, with flowering process and anther development in barley-has also an important role in developmental modification and yield performance in plants subjected to stressed conditions. Due to the fact that information about the mechanisms associated both with the flowering acceleration and the anther or pollen disruption is limited, the exploration of the potential HvGAMYB role in flower development may shed light on pollen and spike morphology formations in plants grown under unfavorable water conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize differences in responses to drought among early- and late-heading barley genotypes. These two subgroups of plants-differentiated in terms of phenology-were analyzed, and traits linked to plant phenotype, physiology, and yield were investigated. In our study, the drought stress reactions of two barley subgroups showed a wide range of diversity in terms of yield performance, anther morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, and pollen viability. The studied plants exhibited different yield performances under control and drought conditions. Moreover, the random distribution of genotypes on the biplot showing variability of OJIP parameters in the second developmental point of our investigation revealed that prolonged drought stress caused that among early- and late-heading plants, the studied genotypes exhibited different responses to applied stress conditions. The results of this study also showed that the HvGAMYB expression level was correlated positively with traits associated with lateral spike morphology in the second developmental point of this investigation, which showed that this association occurred only under prolonged drought and highlighted the drought stress duration effect on the HvGAMYB expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ogrodowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska street, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anetta Kuczyńska
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska street, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska street, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Kempa
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska street, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
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8
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Huang Y, Kamal R, Shanmugaraj N, Rutten T, Thirulogachandar V, Zhao S, Hoffie I, Hensel G, Rajaraman J, Moya YAT, Hajirezaei MR, Himmelbach A, Poursarebani N, Lundqvist U, Kumlehn J, Stein N, von Wirén N, Mascher M, Melzer M, Schnurbusch T. A molecular framework for grain number determination in barley. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd0324. [PMID: 36867700 PMCID: PMC9984178 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants with indeterminate inflorescences often produce more floral structures than they require. We found that floral primordia initiations in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are molecularly decoupled from their maturation into grains. While initiation is dominated by flowering-time genes, floral growth is specified by light signaling, chloroplast, and vascular developmental programs orchestrated by barley CCT MOTIF FAMILY 4 (HvCMF4), which is expressed in the inflorescence vasculature. Consequently, mutations in HvCMF4 increase primordia death and pollination failure, mainly through reducing rachis greening and limiting plastidial energy supply to developing heterotrophic floral tissues. We propose that HvCMF4 is a sensory factor for light that acts in connection with the vascular-localized circadian clock to coordinate floral initiation and survival. Notably, stacking beneficial alleles for both primordia number and survival provides positive implications on grain production. Our findings provide insights into the molecular underpinnings of grain number determination in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Roop Kamal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Nandhakumar Shanmugaraj
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Venkatasubbu Thirulogachandar
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Iris Hoffie
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Jeyaraman Rajaraman
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Yudelsy Antonia Tandron Moya
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Naser Poursarebani
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120 Halle, Germany
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9
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Koehler AD, Rossi ML, Carneiro VTC, Cabral GB, Martinelli AP, Dusi DMA. Anther development in Brachiaria brizantha (syn. Urochloa brizantha) and perspective for microspore in vitro culture. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:571-587. [PMID: 35947212 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brachiaria, a genus from the Poaceae family, is largely cultivated as forage in Brazil. Among the most cultivated varieties of Brachiaria spp., B. brizantha cv. Marandu (syn. Urochloa brizantha) is of great agronomical importance due to the large areas cultivated with this species. This cultivar is apomictic and tetraploid. Sexual diploid genotype is available for this species. The difference in levels of ploidy among sexual and apomictic plants contributes to hindering Brachiaria breeding programs. The induction of haploids and double haploids is of great interest for the generation of new genotypes with potential use in intraspecific crosses. A key factor for the success of this technique is identifying adequate microspore developmental stages for efficient embryogenesis induction. Knowledge of the morphological changes during microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis and sporophytic tissues composing the anther is critical for identifying the stages in which microspores present a higher potential for embryogenic callus and somatic embryo through in vitro culture. In this work, morphological markers were associated with anther and pollen grain developmental stages, through histological analysis. Anther development was divided into 11 stages using morphological and cytological characteristics, from anther with archesporial cells to anther dehiscence. The morphological characteristics of each stage are presented. In addition, the response of stage 8 anthers to in vitro culture indicates microspores initiating somatic embryogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa D Koehler
- University of Sao Paulo, CENA, Av. Centenario 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-903, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Cx.Postal 02372, Brasilia, DF, 70.770-917, Brazil
| | - Mônica L Rossi
- University of Sao Paulo, CENA, Av. Centenario 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-903, Brazil
| | - Vera T C Carneiro
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Cx.Postal 02372, Brasilia, DF, 70.770-917, Brazil
| | - Glaucia B Cabral
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Cx.Postal 02372, Brasilia, DF, 70.770-917, Brazil
| | - Adriana P Martinelli
- University of Sao Paulo, CENA, Av. Centenario 303, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-903, Brazil
| | - Diva M A Dusi
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Cx.Postal 02372, Brasilia, DF, 70.770-917, Brazil.
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10
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Hormone Signal Transduction and Sucrose Metabolism Related Genes Involved in the Regulation of Anther Dehiscence in Photo-Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Wheat. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081149. [PMID: 36009044 PMCID: PMC9406143 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anther dehiscence is an important process to release pollen and then is a critical event in pollination. In the wheat photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (PTGMS) line, pollen cannot release from anther since the anther cannot dehisce during anther dehiscence stage in a sterile condition. In this study, we carried out RNA-sequencing to analyze the transcriptome of one wheat PTGMS line BS366 during anther dehiscence under fertile and sterile conditions to explore the mechanism. We identified 6306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly related to “hormone signal transduction pathway” and “starch and sucrose metabolism”. We identified 35 and 23 DEGs related hormone signal transduction and sucrose metabolism, respectively. Compared with conventional wheat Jing411, there were some changes in the contents of hormones, including JA, IAA, BR, ABA and GA3, and sucrose, during three anther dehiscence stages in the sterile condition in BS366. We performed qRT-PCR to verify the expression levels of some critical DEGs of the hormone signaling pathway and the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. The results showed disparate expression patterns of the critical DEGs of the hormone signaling pathway and the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway in different conditions, suggesting these genes may be involved in the regulation of the anther dehiscence in BS366. Finally, we conducted a hypothesis model to reveal the regulation pathway of hormones and sucrose on anther dehiscence. The information provided new clues to the molecular mechanisms of anther dehiscence in wheat and improved wheat hybrid breeding.
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11
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Ye J, Ge L, Geng X, He M, Yang X, Zhang L, Song X. Identification and validation of TCONS_00093333 for regulating fertility conversion of thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterility wheat with Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm. Gene X 2022; 838:146707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Genome wide Identification and Characterization of Wheat GH9 Genes Reveals Their Roles in Pollen Development and Anther Dehiscence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116324. [PMID: 35683004 PMCID: PMC9181332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 9 (GH9) is a key member of the hydrolase family in the process of cellulose synthesis and hydrolysis, playing important roles in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic characteristics and gene expression involved in pollen fertility conversion and anther dehiscence from a genomewide level. In total, 74 wheat GH9 genes (TaGH9s) were identified, which were classified into Class A, Class B and Class C and unevenly distributed on chromosomes. We also investigated the gene duplication and reveled that fragments and tandem repeats contributed to the amplification of TaGH9s. TaGH9s had abundant hormone-responsive elements and light-responsive elements, involving JA–ABA crosstalk to regulate anther development. Ten TaGH9s, which highly expressed stamen tissue, were selected to further validate their function in pollen fertility conversion and anther dehiscence. Based on the cell phenotype and the results of the scanning electron microscope at the anther dehiscence period, we found that seven TaGH9s may target miRNAs, including some known miRNAs (miR164 and miR398), regulate the level of cellulose by light and phytohormone and play important roles in pollen fertility and anther dehiscence. Finally, we proposed a hypothesis model to reveal the regulation pathway of TaGH9 on fertility conversion and anther dehiscence. Our study provides valuable insights into the GH9 family in explaining the male sterility mechanism of the wheat photo-thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile (PTGMS) line and generates useful male sterile resources for improving wheat hybrid breeding.
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13
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Cross A, Li JB, Waugh R, Golicz AA, Pourkheirandish M. Grain dispersal mechanism in cereals arose from a genome duplication followed by changes in spatial expression of genes involved in pollen development. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1263-1277. [PMID: 35192007 PMCID: PMC9033732 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grain disarticulation in wild progenitor of wheat and barley evolved through a local duplication event followed by neo-functionalization resulting from changes in location of gene expression. One of the most critical events in the process of cereal domestication was the loss of the natural mode of grain dispersal. Grain dispersal in barley is controlled by two major genes, Btr1 and Btr2, which affect the thickness of cell walls around the disarticulation zone. The barley genome also encodes Btr1-like and Btr2-like genes, which have been shown to be the ancestral copies. While Btr and Btr-like genes are non-redundant, the biological function of Btr-like genes is unknown. We explored the potential biological role of the Btr-like genes by surveying their expression profile across 212 publicly available transcriptome datasets representing diverse organs, developmental stages and stress conditions. We found that Btr1-like and Btr2-like are expressed exclusively in immature anther samples throughout Prophase I of meiosis within the meiocyte. The similar and restricted expression profile of these two genes suggests they are involved in a common biological function. Further analysis revealed 141 genes co-expressed with Btr1-like and 122 genes co-expressed with Btr2-like, with 105 genes in common, supporting Btr-like genes involvement in a shared molecular pathway. We hypothesize that the Btr-like genes play a crucial role in pollen development by facilitating the formation of the callose wall around the meiocyte or in the secretion of callase by the tapetum. Our data suggest that Btr genes retained an ancestral function in cell wall modification and gained a new role in grain dispersal due to changes in their spatial expression becoming spike specific after gene duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Cross
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - John B Li
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Division of Plant Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Agnieszka A Golicz
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
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14
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Laza HE, Kaur-Kapoor H, Xin Z, Payton PR, Chen J. Morphological analysis and stage determination of anther development in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. PLANTA 2022; 255:86. [PMID: 35286485 PMCID: PMC8921119 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of sorghum anthers at 18 classified developmental stages provide an important reference for future studies on sorghum reproductive biology and abiotic stress tolerance of sorghum pollen. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth-most important cereal crop in the world. It has relatively high resilience to drought and high temperature stresses during vegetative growing stages comparing to other major cereal crops. However, like other cereal crops, the sensitivity of male organ to heat and drought can severely depress sorghum yield due to reduced fertility and pollination efficiency if the stress occurs at the reproductive stage. Identification of the most vulnerable stages and the genes and genetic networks that differentially regulate the abiotic stress responses during anther development are two critical prerequisites for targeted molecular trait selection and for enhanced environmentally resilient sorghum in breeding using a variety of genetic modification strategies. However, in sorghum, anther developmental stages have not been determined. The distinctive cellular characteristics associated with anther development have not been well examined. Lack of such critical information is a major obstacle in the studies of anther and pollen development in sorghum. In this study, we examined the morphological changes of sorghum anthers at cellular level during entire male organ development processes using a modified high-throughput imaging variable pressure scanning electron microscopy and traditional light microscopy methods. We divided sorghum anther development into 18 distinctive stages and provided detailed description of the morphological changes in sorghum anthers for each stage. The findings of this study will serve as an important reference for future studies focusing on sorghum physiology, reproductive biology, genetics, and genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee E Laza
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhuanguo Xin
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - Paxton R Payton
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - Junping Chen
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.
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15
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Sun G, Geng S, Zhang H, Jia M, Wang Z, Deng Z, Tao S, Liao R, Wang F, Kong X, Fu M, Liu S, Li A, Mao L. Matrilineal empowers wheat pollen with haploid induction potency by triggering postmitosis reactive oxygen species activity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2405-2414. [PMID: 35015909 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles during anther and pollen development. DNA damage may cause chromosome fragmentation that is considered to underlie chromosome elimination for haploid induction by matrilineal pollen, a key step in MATRILINEAL-based double haploid breeding technology. But when and how DNA damage occurs is unknown. We performed comparative studies of wheat pollens from the wild-type and the CRISPR/Cas9 edited matrilineal mutant (mMTL). Chemical assays detected a second wave of ROS in mMTL pollen at the three-nuclei-stage and subsequently, along with reduced antioxidant enzyme activities. RNA-seq analysis revealed disturbed expression of genes for fatty acid biosynthesis and ROS homoeostasis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement identified abnormal fatty acid metabolism that may contribute to defective mMTL pollen walls as observed using electron microscopy, consistent with the function of MTL as a phospholipase. Moreover, DNA damage was identified using TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling and quantified using comet assays. Velocity patterns showed that ROS increments preceded that of DNA damage over the course of pollen maturation. Our work hypothesises that mMTL-triggered later-stage-specific ROS causes DNA damage that may contribute to chromosome fragmentation and hence chromosome elimination during haploid induction. These findings may provide more ways to accelerate double haploid-based plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuaifeng Geng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meiling Jia
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhongyin Deng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shu Tao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruyi Liao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingchen Kong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mingxue Fu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaoshuai Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Aili Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Long Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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16
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Hao M, Yang W, Li T, Shoaib M, Sun J, Liu D, Li X, Nie Y, Tian X, Zhang A. Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Anthers of AL-type Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Its Maintainer Line Reveals New Insights into Mechanism of Male Sterility in Common Wheat. Front Genet 2022; 12:762332. [PMID: 34976010 PMCID: PMC8718765 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) plays an essential role in hybrid seeds production. In wheat, orf279 was reported as a CMS gene of AL-type male sterile line (AL18A), but its sterility mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the anthers of AL18A and its maintainer line (AL18B) were performed to interpret the sterility mechanism. Results showed that the electron transport chain and ROS scavenging enzyme expression levels changed in the early stages of the anther development. Biological processes, i.e., fatty acid synthesis, lipid transport, and polysaccharide metabolism, were abnormal, resulting in pollen abortion in AL18A. In addition, we identified several critical regulatory genes related to anther development through combined analysis of transcriptome and proteome. Most of the genes were enzymes or transcription factors, and 63 were partially homologous to the reported genic male sterile (GMS) genes. This study provides a new perspective of the sterility mechanism of AL18A and lays a foundation to study the functional genes of anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbin Nie
- Institute of Crop Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaoming Tian
- Institute of Crop Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology/Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Liu YJ, Li D, Gong J, Wang YB, Chen ZB, Pang BS, Chen XC, Gao JG, Yang WB, Zhang FT, Tang YM, Zhao CP, Gao SQ. Comparative transcriptome and DNA methylation analysis in temperature-sensitive genic male sterile wheat BS366. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:911. [PMID: 34930131 PMCID: PMC8686610 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Known as the prerequisite component for the heterosis breeding system, the male sterile line determines the hybrid yield and seed purity. Therefore, a deep understanding of the mechanism and gene network that leads to male sterility is crucial. BS366, a temperature-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line, is male sterile under cold conditions (12 °C with 12 h of daylight) but fertile under normal temperature (20 °C with 12 h of daylight). Results During meiosis, BS366 was defective in forming tetrads and dyads due to the abnormal cell plate. During pollen development, unusual vacuolated pollen that could not accumulate starch grains at the binucleate stage was also observed. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in the meiotic process, such as sister chromatid segregation and microtubule-based movement, were repressed, while genes involved in DNA and histone methylation were induced in BS366 under cold conditions. MethylRAD was used for reduced DNA methylation sequencing of BS366 spikes under both cold and control conditions. The differentially methylated sites (DMSs) located in the gene region were mainly involved in carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and transport. Differentially expressed and methylated genes were mainly involved in cell division. Conclusions These results indicated that the methylation of genes involved in carbon metabolism or fatty acid metabolism might contribute to male sterility in BS366 spikes, providing novel insight into the molecular mechanism of wheat male sterility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08163-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Dan Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yong-Bo Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bin-Shuang Pang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xian-Chao Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jian-Gang Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei-Bing Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Feng-Ting Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Yi-Miao Tang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China. .,The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Chang-Ping Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China. .,The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China. .,The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 100097, China.
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18
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Marciniak K, Przedniczek K. Anther dehiscence is regulated by gibberellic acid in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:314. [PMID: 34215194 PMCID: PMC8252261 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anther dehiscence resulting in the release of pollen grains is tightly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by various factors. In yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.), a species that shows cleistogamy, the anthers split before the flowers open, but the course and regulation of this process are unknown. The specific control of anther development takes place via hormonal pathways, the wide action of which ensures reproductive success. In our previous research concerning flower and early pod development in yellow lupine, we showed that the lowest transcript level of LlDELLA1, a main repressor of gibberellin (GA) signalling, occurs approximately at the time of anther opening; therefore, the main purpose of this study was to precisely investigate the gibberellic acid (GA3)-dependent regulation of the anther dehiscence in this species. RESULTS In this paper, we showed the specific changes in the yellow lupine anther structure during dehiscence, including secondary thickening in the endothecium by lignocellulosic deposition, enzymatic cell wall breakdown at the septum/stomium and cell degeneration via programmed cell death (PCD), and identified several genes widely associated with this process. The expression profile of genes varied over time, with the most intense mRNA accumulation in the phases prior to or at the time of anther opening. The transcriptional activity also revealed that these genes are highly coexpressed and regulated in a GA-dependent manner. The cellular and tissue localization of GA3 showed that these molecules are present before anther opening, mainly in septum cells, near the vascular bundle and in the endothecium, and that they are subsequently undetectable. GA3 localization strongly correlates with the transcriptional activity of genes related to GA biosynthesis and deactivation. The results also suggest that GA3 controls LlGAMYB expression via an LlMIR159-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS The presented results show a clear contribution of GA3 in the control of the extensive anther dehiscence process in yellow lupine. Understanding the processes underlying pollen release at the hormonal and molecular levels is a significant aspect of controlling fertility in this economically important legume crop species and is of increasing interest to breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marciniak
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Przedniczek
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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19
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Browne RG, Li SF, Iacuone S, Dolferus R, Parish RW. Differential responses of anthers of stress tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars to high temperature stress. PLANTA 2021; 254:4. [PMID: 34131818 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses identified anther-expressed genes in wheat likely to contribute to heat tolerance and hence provide useful genetic markers. The genes included those involved in hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, the heat shock response and anther development. Pollen development is particularly sensitive to high temperature heat stress. In wheat, heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars have been identified, although the underlying genetic causes for these differences are largely unknown. The effects of heat stress on the developing anthers of two heat-tolerant and two heat-sensitive wheat cultivars were examined in this study. Heat stress (35 °C) was found to disrupt pollen development in the two heat-sensitive wheat cultivars but had no visible effect on pollen or anther development in the two heat-tolerant cultivars. The sensitive anthers exhibited a range of developmental abnormalities including an increase in unfilled and clumped pollen grains, abnormal pollen walls and a decrease in pollen viability. This subsequently led to a greater reduction in grain yield in the sensitive cultivars following heat stress. Transcriptomic analyses of heat-stressed developing wheat anthers of the four cultivars identified a number of key genes which may contribute to heat stress tolerance during pollen development. Orthologs of some of these genes in Arabidopsis and rice are involved in regulation of the heat stress response and the synthesis of auxin, ethylene and gibberellin. These genes constitute candidate molecular markers for the breeding of heat-tolerant wheat lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Browne
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Song F Li
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sylvana Iacuone
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Polytechnic, Epping, VIC, Australia
| | - Rudy Dolferus
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Roger W Parish
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Erena MF, Lohraseb I, Munoz-Santa I, Taylor JD, Emebiri LC, Collins NC. The WtmsDW Locus on Wheat Chromosome 2B Controls Major Natural Variation for Floret Sterility Responses to Heat Stress at Booting Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635397. [PMID: 33854519 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635397/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress at booting stage causes significant losses to floret fertility (grain set) and hence yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, there is a lack of well-characterized sources of tolerance to this type of stress. Here, we describe the genetic analysis of booting stage heat tolerance in a cross between the Australian cultivars Drysdale (intolerant) and Waagan (tolerant), leading to the definition of a major-effect tolerance locus on the short arm of chromosome 2B, Wheat thermosensitive male sterile Drysdale/Waagan (WtmsDW). WtmsDW offsets between 44 and 65% of the losses in grain set due to heat, suggesting that it offers significant value for marker-assisted tolerance breeding. In lines lacking the WtmsDW tolerance allele, peaks in sensitivity were defined with reference to auricle distance, for various floret positions along the spike. Other (relatively minor) floret fertility response effects, including at the Rht-D1 dwarfing locus, were considered likely escape artifacts, due to their association with height and flowering time effects that might interfere with correct staging of stems for heat treatment. Heat stress increased grain set at distal floret positions in spikelets located at the top of the spike and increased the size of spikelets at the base of the spike, but these effects were offset by greater reductions in grain set at other floret positions. Potentially orthologous loci on chromosomes 1A and 1B were identified for heat response of flowering time. The potential significance of these findings for tolerance breeding and further tolerance screening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million F Erena
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iman Lohraseb
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Isabel Munoz-Santa
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julian D Taylor
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Livinus C Emebiri
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Collins
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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21
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Erena MF, Lohraseb I, Munoz-Santa I, Taylor JD, Emebiri LC, Collins NC. The WtmsDW Locus on Wheat Chromosome 2B Controls Major Natural Variation for Floret Sterility Responses to Heat Stress at Booting Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635397. [PMID: 33854519 PMCID: PMC8040955 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress at booting stage causes significant losses to floret fertility (grain set) and hence yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, there is a lack of well-characterized sources of tolerance to this type of stress. Here, we describe the genetic analysis of booting stage heat tolerance in a cross between the Australian cultivars Drysdale (intolerant) and Waagan (tolerant), leading to the definition of a major-effect tolerance locus on the short arm of chromosome 2B, Wheat thermosensitive male sterile Drysdale/Waagan (WtmsDW). WtmsDW offsets between 44 and 65% of the losses in grain set due to heat, suggesting that it offers significant value for marker-assisted tolerance breeding. In lines lacking the WtmsDW tolerance allele, peaks in sensitivity were defined with reference to auricle distance, for various floret positions along the spike. Other (relatively minor) floret fertility response effects, including at the Rht-D1 dwarfing locus, were considered likely escape artifacts, due to their association with height and flowering time effects that might interfere with correct staging of stems for heat treatment. Heat stress increased grain set at distal floret positions in spikelets located at the top of the spike and increased the size of spikelets at the base of the spike, but these effects were offset by greater reductions in grain set at other floret positions. Potentially orthologous loci on chromosomes 1A and 1B were identified for heat response of flowering time. The potential significance of these findings for tolerance breeding and further tolerance screening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Million F. Erena
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iman Lohraseb
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Isabel Munoz-Santa
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julian D. Taylor
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Livinus C. Emebiri
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas C. Collins
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Zajączkowska U, Denisow B, Łotocka B, Dołkin-Lewko A, Rakoczy-Trojanowska M. Spikelet movements, anther extrusion and pollen production in wheat cultivars with contrasting tendencies to cleistogamy. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:136. [PMID: 33726675 PMCID: PMC7970976 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleistogamic flowers are a main barrier in pollen dispersal for cross-pollination necessary in wheat hybrid breeding. The aim of our study was to gain new knowledge on the biology of wheat flowering, in particular on the differences between the cleisto- and chasmogamic forms which has certainly cognitive significance, but it can also be used in practice when seeking a female and male ideotypes for cross hybridization. RESULTS We characterized the most significant features defining the flowering specificity in two wheat cultivars with contrasting tendency to cleistogamy: Piko (chasmogamous) and Dacanto (cleistogamous). In the field observations we assessed diurnal pattern of anther extrusion and anther extrusion capacity. For the first time we adapted the time lapse method for measuring kinetics of the spikelet movement and 3-D image correlation technique for the non-invasive measurements of potential deformations of the spikelet lemmas. We found that the two cultivars differ in the potential of pollen dispersion for-cross-pollination and in the spikelet kinetics. We also described some anatomical traits that can have potential functional role in floret opening. None of the cultivars showed any symptoms of lemma surface deformation. CONCLUSIONS The cleistogamic and chasmogamic wheat cultivars differ significantly in the potential for pollen dispersion for cross-pollination, which is mainly related to anther extrusion capacity. Although none of these features differentiated the cultivars clearly, we assume, based on spikelet kinetics and the lack of lemmas surface deformation, that the water transport and turgor of cells is essential for the floret opening and anther extrusion in wheat. The search for parental ideotype should be supported by marker assisted selection, e.g. based of polymorphisms in genes related to aquaporin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Zajączkowska
- Department of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bożena Denisow
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Łotocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Alicja Dołkin-Lewko
- Department of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences –SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
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23
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Jiao Z, Zhu X, Li H, Liu Z, Huang X, Wu N, An J, Li J, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Li Q, Qi Z, Niu J. Cytological and molecular characterizations of a novel 2A nullisomic line derived from a widely-grown wheat cultivar Zhoumai 18 conferring male sterility. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10275. [PMID: 33194433 PMCID: PMC7605228 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A dwarf, multi-pistil and male sterile dms mutant was previously reported by us. However, the genetic changes in this dms are unclear. To examine the genetic changes, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association, chromosome counting, and high-resolution chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques were employed. By comparing tall plants (T) with dwarf plants (D) in the offspring of dms mutant plants, SNP association analysis indicated that most SNPs were on chromosome 2A. There were three types in offspring of dms plants, with 42, 41 and 40 chromosomes respectively. High-resolution chromosome painting analysis demonstrated that T plants had all 42 wheat chromosomes; the medium plants (M) had 41 chromosomes, lacking one chromosome 2A; while D plants had 40 wheat chromosomes, and lacked both 2A chromosomes. These data demonstrated that dms resulted from a loss of chromosome 2A. We identified 23 genes on chromosome 2A which might be involved in the development of stamens or pollen grains. These results lay a solid foundation for further analysis of the molecular mechanisms of wheat male sterility. Because D plants can be used as a female parent to cross with other wheat genotypes, dms is a unique germplasm for any functional study of chromosome 2A and wheat breeding specifically targeting genes on 2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Jiao
- Henan Agricultural University, National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Henan Agricultural University, National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Henan Agricultural University, National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhitao Liu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, State key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Crop Research Institue, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, State key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, State key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhang An
- Henan Agricultural University, National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Henan Agricultural University, National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University, National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- Henan Agricultural University, National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- Henan Agricultural University, National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zengjun Qi
- Nanjing Agricultural University, State key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishan Niu
- Henan Agricultural University, National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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24
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Bélanger S, Pokhrel S, Czymmek K, Meyers BC. Premeiotic, 24-Nucleotide Reproductive PhasiRNAs Are Abundant in Anthers of Wheat and Barley But Not Rice and Maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32917771 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Two classes of premeiotic (21-nucleotides [nt]) and meiotic (24-nt) phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) and their patterns of accumulation have been described in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) anthers. Their precise function remains unclear, but studies have shown that they support male fertility. The important role of phasiRNAs in anthers underpins our present study to characterize these small RNAs in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) anthers. We staged anthers at every 0.2 mm of development for one wheat and two barley varieties. We isolated premeiotic (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm), meiotic (0.8, 1.0, and 1.4 mm), and postmeiotic (1.8 mm) anthers, for which we then investigated accumulation patterns of RNAs, including reproductive phasiRNAs. We annotated a total of 12,821 and 2,897 PHAS loci in the wheat and barley genomes, respectively. By comparing the total number of PHAS loci in genomes of maize, rice, barley, and wheat, we identified an expansion of reproductive PHAS loci in the genomes of Poaceae subfamilies from Panicoideae to Oryzoideae and to Poideae. In addition to the two classes of premeiotic (21-nt) and meiotic (24-nt) phasiRNAs, previously described in maize and rice anthers, we characterized a group of 24-nt phasiRNAs that accumulate in premeiotic anthers. The absence of premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs in maize and rice suggests a divergence in grass species of the Poideae subfamily. Additionally, we performed a gene coexpression analysis describing the regulation of phasiRNA biogenesis in wheat and barley anthers. We highlight Argonaute 9 (AGO9) and Argonaute 6 (AGO6) as candidate binding partners of premeiotic and meiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Pokhrel
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Kirk Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
- Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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25
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Bélanger S, Pokhrel S, Czymmek K, Meyers BC. Premeiotic, 24-Nucleotide Reproductive PhasiRNAs Are Abundant in Anthers of Wheat and Barley But Not Rice and Maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1407-1423. [PMID: 32917771 PMCID: PMC7608162 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two classes of premeiotic (21-nucleotides [nt]) and meiotic (24-nt) phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) and their patterns of accumulation have been described in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) anthers. Their precise function remains unclear, but studies have shown that they support male fertility. The important role of phasiRNAs in anthers underpins our present study to characterize these small RNAs in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) anthers. We staged anthers at every 0.2 mm of development for one wheat and two barley varieties. We isolated premeiotic (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm), meiotic (0.8, 1.0, and 1.4 mm), and postmeiotic (1.8 mm) anthers, for which we then investigated accumulation patterns of RNAs, including reproductive phasiRNAs. We annotated a total of 12,821 and 2,897 PHAS loci in the wheat and barley genomes, respectively. By comparing the total number of PHAS loci in genomes of maize, rice, barley, and wheat, we identified an expansion of reproductive PHAS loci in the genomes of Poaceae subfamilies from Panicoideae to Oryzoideae and to Poideae. In addition to the two classes of premeiotic (21-nt) and meiotic (24-nt) phasiRNAs, previously described in maize and rice anthers, we characterized a group of 24-nt phasiRNAs that accumulate in premeiotic anthers. The absence of premeiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs in maize and rice suggests a divergence in grass species of the Poideae subfamily. Additionally, we performed a gene coexpression analysis describing the regulation of phasiRNA biogenesis in wheat and barley anthers. We highlight Argonaute 9 (AGO9) and Argonaute 6 (AGO6) as candidate binding partners of premeiotic and meiotic 24-nt phasiRNAs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Pokhrel
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Kirk Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
- Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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26
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Ober ES, Howell P, Thomelin P, Kouidri A. The importance of accurate developmental staging. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3375-3379. [PMID: 32569381 PMCID: PMC7307853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Fernández-Gómez J, Talle B, Tidy A, Wilson ZA. 2020. Accurate staging of reproduction development in Cadenza wheat by non-destructive spike analysis. Journal of Experimental Botany71, 3475–3484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Ober
- NIAB, The John Bingham Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phil Howell
- NIAB, The John Bingham Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Fernández-Gómez J, Talle B, Tidy AC, Wilson ZA. Accurate staging of reproduction development in Cadenza wheat by non-destructive spike analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3475-3484. [PMID: 32255487 PMCID: PMC7307855 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world; however, loss of genetic variability and abiotic stress caused by variable climatic conditions threaten future productivity. Reproduction is critical for wheat yield; however, pollen development is amongst the developmental stages most sensitive to stresses such as heat, cold, or drought. A better understanding of how anther and pollen development is regulated is needed to help produce more resilient crops and ensure future yield increases. However, in cereals such as wheat, barley, and rice, flowers form within the developing pseudostem and therefore accurate staging of floral materials is extremely challenging. This makes detailed phenotypic and molecular analysis of floral development very difficult, particularly when limited plant material is available, for example with mutant or transgenic lines. Here we present an accurate approach to overcome this problem, by non-destructive staging of reproduction development in Cadenza, the widely used spring wheat research variety. This uses a double-scale system whereby anther and pollen development can be predicted in relation to spike size and spike position within the pseudostem. This system provides an easy, reproducible method that facilitates accurate sampling and analysis of floral materials, to enable anther and pollen developmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández-Gómez
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Behzad Talle
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Alison C Tidy
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- Correspondence: or
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28
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Abstract
The number of pollen grains is a critical part of the reproductive strategies in plants and varies greatly between and within species. In agriculture, pollen viability is important for crop breeding. It is a laborious work to count pollen tubes using a counting chamber under a microscope. Here, we present a method of counting the number of pollen grains using a cell counter. In this method, the counting step is shortened to 3 min per flower, which, in our setting, is more than five times faster than the counting chamber method. This technique is applicable to species with a lower and higher number of pollen grains, as it can count particles in a wide range, from 0 to 20,000 particles, in one measurement. The cell counter also estimates the size of the particles together with the number. Because aborted pollen shows abnormal membrane characteristics and/or a distorted or smaller shape, a cell counter can quantify the number of normal and aborted pollen separately. We explain how to count the number of pollen grains and measure pollen size in Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis kamchatica, and wheat (Triticum aestivum).
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29
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Shams I, Raskina O. Supernumerary B Chromosomes and Plant Genome Changes: A Snapshot of Wild Populations of Aegilops speltoides Tausch ( Poaceae, Triticeae). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113768. [PMID: 32466617 PMCID: PMC7312783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In various eukaryotes, supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are an optional genomic component that affect their integrity and functioning. In the present study, the impact of Bs on the current changes in the genome of goatgrass, Aegilops speltoides, was addressed. Individual plants from contrasting populations with and without Bs were explored using fluorescence in situ hybridization. In parallel, abundances of the Ty1-copia, Ty3-gypsy, and LINE retrotransposons (TEs), and the species-specific Spelt1 tandem repeat (TR) in vegetative and generative spike tissues were estimated by real-time quantitative PCR. The results revealed: (i) ectopic associations between Bs and the regular A chromosomes, and (ii) cell-specific rearrangements of Bs in both mitosis and microgametogenesis. Further, the copy numbers of TEs and TR varied significantly between (iii) genotypes and (iv) different spike tissues in the same plant(s). Finally, (v) in plants with and without Bs from different populations, genomic abundances and/or copy number dynamics of TEs and TR were similar. These findings indicate that fluctuations in TE and TR copy numbers are associated with DNA damage and repair processes during cell proliferation and differentiation, and ectopic recombination is one of the mechanisms by which Bs play a role in genome changes.
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30
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Zhang R, Huang S, Li S, Song G, Li Y, Li W, Li J, Gao J, Gu T, Li D, Zhang S, Li G. Evolution of PHAS loci in the young spike of Allohexaploid wheat. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:200. [PMID: 32131726 PMCID: PMC7057497 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PhasiRNAs (phased secondary siRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the development processes and biotic or abiotic stresses in plants. Some of phasiRNAs involve in the reproductive development in grasses, which include two categories, 21-nt (nucleotide) and 24-nt phasiRNAs. They are triggered by miR2118 and miR2275 respectively, in premeiotic and meiotic anthers of rice, maize and other grass species. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) with three closely related subgenomes (subA, subB and subD), is a model of allopolyploid in plants. Knowledge about the role of phasiRNAs in the inflorescence development of wheat is absent until now, and the evolution of PHAS loci in polyploid plants is also unavailable. RESULTS Using 261 small RNA expression datasets from various tissues, a batch of PHAS (phasiRNA precursors) loci were identified in the young spike of wheat, most of which were regulated by miR2118 and miR2275 in their target site regions. Dissection of PHAS and their trigger miRNAs among the diploid (AA and DD), tetraploid (AABB) and hexaploid (AABBDD) genomes of Triticum indicated that distribution of PHAS loci were dominant randomly in local chromosomes, while miR2118 was dominant only in the subB genome. The diversity of PHAS loci in the three subgenomes of wheat and their progenitor genomes (AA, DD and AABB) suggested that they originated or diverged at least before the occurrence of the tetraploid AABB genome. The positive correlation between the PHAS loci or the trigger miRNAs and the ploidy of genome indicated the expansion of genome was the major drive force for the increase of PHAS loci and their trigger miRNAs in Triticum. In addition, the expression profiles of the PHAS transcripts suggested they responded to abiotic stresses such as cold stress in wheat. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, non-coding phasiRNAs are conserved transcriptional regulators that display quick plasticity in Triticum genome. They may be involved in reproductive development and abiotic stress in wheat. It could be referred to molecular research on male reproductive development in Triticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhi Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Siyuan Huang
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Shiming Li
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Guoqi Song
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Yulian Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jihu Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Genying Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on North Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
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Xu L, Wang D, Liu S, Fang Z, Su S, Guo C, Zhao C, Tang Y. Comprehensive Atlas of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR Expression During Male Reproductive Development and Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:586144. [PMID: 33101350 PMCID: PMC7554351 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.586144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) proteins regulate a wide range of signaling pathways, from general plant growth to abiotic stress responses. Here, we performed a genome-wide survey in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and identified 69 TaARF members that formed 24 homoeologous groups. Phylogenetic analysis clustered TaARF genes into three clades, similar to ARF genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa). Structural characterization suggested that ARF gene structure and domain composition are well conserved between plant species. Expression profiling revealed diverse patterns of TaARF transcript levels across a range of developmental stages, tissues, and abiotic stresses. A number of TaARF genes shared similar expression patterns and were preferentially expressed in anthers. Moreover, our systematic analysis identified three anther-specific TaARF genes (TaARF8, TaARF9, and TaARF21) whose expression was significantly altered by low temperature in thermosensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) wheat; these TaARF genes are candidates to participate in the cold-induced male sterility pathway, and offer potential applications in TGMS wheat breeding and hybrid seed production. Moreover, we identified putative functions for a set of TaARFs involved in responses to abscisic acid and abiotic stress. Overall, this study characterized the wheat ARF gene family and generated several hypotheses for future investigation of ARF function during anther development and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhou Wang
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofeng Fang
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shichao Su
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunman Guo
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changping Zhao, ; Yimiao Tang,
| | - Yimiao Tang
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Changping Zhao, ; Yimiao Tang,
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Qi J, Ni F, Wang X, Sun M, Cui Y, Wu J, Caplan A, Fu D. The anther-specific CYP704B is potentially responsible for MSG26 male sterility in barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2413-2423. [PMID: 31209536 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant male sterility is a valuable trait in breeding and hybrid seed production. The barley male-sterility gene msg26 was mapped to a 0.02-cM region that anchors to a 506-kb low-quality assembly between two cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers, SP1M14 and SP1M49. The barley gene HORVU4Hr1G074840, which encodes a putative cytochrome P450 CYP704B protein, appears to be a strong candidate for the MSG26 trait. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop worldwide. Traditional breeding in barley is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The use of male-sterile genotypes may significantly improve the efficacy of hybrid breeding and seed production. The barley accession 'GSHO745' is a spontaneous male-sterile mutant from the barley variety, 'Unitan'. The male sterility in 'GSHO745' is controlled by the recessive gene, msg26 (originally named as ms-u). We revealed that the barley plants homozygous for msg26 proceeded normally through Meiosis II until the tetrad stage, but became fully defective in the late uninucleate microspores and developed pollen-less anthers. Using seven barley F2 populations, we mapped MSG26 to a 0.02-cM region that anchored to a 506-kb low-quality assembly between two cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers, SP1M14 and SP1M49. The HORVU4Hr1G074840 gene that encodes a putative cytochrome P450 protein (CYP704B) was identified as the most plausible candidate for MSG26. First, HORVU4Hr1G074840 is located in a collinear region of the rice CYP704B2 and the maize CYP704B1. Both of these genes are essential for male gamete production. Second, the male-sterile allele of HORVU4Hr1G074840 in GSHO745 contained a 4-bp deletion in the last exon. The resulting frame shift causes a Gly436Gln substitution, scrambles the sequence of the remainder of the protein, and forms a new termination site at the 70th triplet of the shifted reading frame. We thus called the variant protein CYP704B:p.G436Qfs*70. Third, the barley HORVU4Hr1G074840 gene was specifically expressed in anthers. Altogether, HORVU4Hr1G074840 represents a strong candidate for MSG26 in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Allan Caplan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Daolin Fu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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Yu J, Jiang M, Guo C. Crop Pollen Development under Drought: From the Phenotype to the Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1550. [PMID: 30925673 PMCID: PMC6479728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress induced pollen sterility is a harmful factor that reduces crop yield worldwide. During the reproductive process, the meiotic stage and the mitotic stage in anthers are both highly vulnerable to water deficiency. Drought at these stages causes pollen sterility by affecting the nature and structure of the anthers, including the degeneration of some meiocytes, disorientated microspores, an expanded middle layer and abnormal vacuolizated tapeta. The homeostasis of the internal environment is imbalanced in drought-treated anthers, involving the decreases of gibberellic acid (GA) and auxin, and the increases of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in carbohydrate availability, metabolism and distribution may be involved in the effects of drought stress at the reproductive stages. Here, we summarize the molecular regulatory mechanism of crop pollen development under drought stresses. The meiosis-related genes, sugar transporter genes, GA and ABA pathway genes and ROS-related genes may be altered in their expression in anthers to repair the drought-induced injures. It could also be that some drought-responsive genes, mainly expressed in the anther, regulate the expression of anther-related genes to improve both drought tolerance and anther development. A deepened understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism of pollen development under stress will be beneficial for breeding drought-tolerant crops with high and stable yield under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Changkui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Pollak Y, Zelinger E, Raskina O. Repetitive DNA in the Architecture, Repatterning, and Diversification of the Genome of Aegilops speltoides Tausch (Poaceae, Triticeae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1779. [PMID: 30564259 PMCID: PMC6288716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genome's adaptability to environmental changes, especially during rapid climatic fluctuations, underlies the existence and evolution of species. In the wild, genetic and epigenetic genomic changes are accompanied by significant alterations in the complex nuclear repetitive DNA fraction. Current intraspecific polymorphism of repetitive DNA is closely related to ongoing chromosomal rearrangements, which typically result from erroneous DNA repair and recombination. In this study, we addressed tandem repeat patterns and interaction/reshuffling both in pollen mother cell (PMC) development and somatogenesis in the wild diploid cereal Aegilops speltoides, with a focus on genome repatterning and stabilization. Individual contrasting genotypes were investigated using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) approach by applying correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy. Species-specific Spelt1 and tribe-specific Spelt52 tandem repeats were used as the markers for monitoring somatic and meiotic chromosomal interactions and dynamics in somatic interphase nuclei. We found that, the number of tandem repeat clusters in nuclei is usually lower than the number on chromosomes due to the associations of clusters of the same type in common blocks. In addition, tightly associated Spelt1-Spelt52 clusters were revealed in different genotypes. The frequencies of nonhomologous/ectopic associations between tandem repeat clusters were revealed in a genotype-/population-specific manner. An increase in the number of tandem repeat clusters in the genome causes an increase in the frequencies of their associations. The distal/terminal regions of homologous chromosomes are separated in nuclear space, and nonhomologous chromosomes are often involved in somatic recombination as seen by frequently formed interchromosomal chromatin bridges. In both microgametogenesis and somatogenesis, inter- and intrachromosomal associations are likely to lead to DNA breaks during chromosome disjunction in the anaphase stage. Uncondensed/improperly packed DNA fibers, mainly in heterochromatic regions, were revealed in both the meiotic and somatic prophases that might be a result of broken associations. Altogether, the data obtained showed that intraorganismal dynamics of repetitive DNA under the conditions of natural out-crossing and artificial intraspecific hybridization mirrors the structural plasticity of the Ae. speltoides genome, which is interlinked with genetic diversity through the species distribution area in contrasting ecogeographical environments in and around the Fertile Crescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Pollak
- The CSI Center for Scientific Imaging, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- The Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- The CSI Center for Scientific Imaging, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olga Raskina
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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