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LA Torre A, Filipas L, Codella R. Italian status update on physical activity levels, sports, and sedentariness: how should we turn the tide? J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1251-1253. [PMID: 37736665 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio LA Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
- IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy -
- Italian Athletics Federation (FIDAL), Rome, Italy -
| | - Luca Filipas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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2
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Moore KN, Nuss K, Do B, Wang SD, Li K, Graham DJ, Dunton GF, Courtney JB. Motivational Profile as a Predictor of Physical Activity Among US Adults During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Daily Diary Study. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:963-970. [PMID: 37507118 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study used a daily diary approach to examine associations between day-level physical activity (PA) behavior, PA-specific motivational profile, and days since the COVID-19 national emergency declaration during the early months (April-June 2020) of the pandemic. A total of 468 US adults (Mage = 34.8 y, 79% female) participated in a 28-day smartphone-based daily diary study assessing PA. A baseline survey assessed PA and motivation for PA using the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Multilevel linear regression models examined the main effects and interactions of motivational profile and time (days since the US March 13, 2020, COVID-19 national emergency declaration) on daily PA minutes. Latent profile analysis identified 4 distinct motivational profiles for PA among this sample: profile 1: high amotivation (n = 100, 21%); profile 2: low controlled motivation (n = 55, 12%); profile 3: high external regulation (n = 47, 10%); and profile 4: moderate autonomous motivation (n = 266, 57%). After controlling for baseline PA, there were significant interactions between profile and time on daily PA (-0.21, P < .01). Profile 2 showed greater decreases in daily PA minutes over time than profile 1 (b = -0.29, P < .01). Profiles 3 and 4 did not indicate significant decreases in PA compared with profile 1 (b = 0.14, P = .31 and b = -0.16, P = .05, respectively). Contrary to previous research, individuals with lower controlled or moderate autonomous motivation demonstrated the largest decreases in PA over time, whereas individuals with higher amotivation or external regulation demonstrated smaller decreases over time. These findings suggest that external motivation may have provided short-term protection against declines in PA observed during early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Moore
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Assessment and Promotion of Physical Activity and Health Lab, Fort Collins, CO,USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Real-Time Eating and Children's Health Lab, Los Angeles, CA,USA
| | - Kayla Nuss
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Assessment and Promotion of Physical Activity and Health Lab, Fort Collins, CO,USA
| | - Bridgette Do
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Real-Time Eating and Children's Health Lab, Los Angeles, CA,USA
| | - Shirlene D Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Real-Time Eating and Children's Health Lab, Los Angeles, CA,USA
| | - Kaigang Li
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Assessment and Promotion of Physical Activity and Health Lab, Fort Collins, CO,USA
| | - Dan J Graham
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO,USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Real-Time Eating and Children's Health Lab, Los Angeles, CA,USA
| | - Jimikaye B Courtney
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Assessment and Promotion of Physical Activity and Health Lab, Fort Collins, CO,USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
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3
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Amar IB, Gomni C, Chortane OG, Khmiri A, Ghouaiel R, Baker JS. The relationship between locus of control and pre-competitive anxiety in highly trained soccer players. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1227571. [PMID: 37599776 PMCID: PMC10434543 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have not considered the potential association between locus of control and precompetitive anxiety in elite soccer players. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study examined The prediction of locus of control on precompetitive anxiety in highly trained cadet soccer players. Objective Based on a literature review, our research question was: can the locus of control be considered as an explanatory element of precompetitive anxiety? Methods Thirty-five Tunisian highly trained soccer players licensed from two regional soccer clubs aged between 15 and 16 years participated in the resent study. All participants were evaluated using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. The relationship between measures of anxiety, self-confidence and the locus of control scores were analyzed using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. Further, multiple linear stepwise multiple regression models were calculated to determine the most robust predictors of the locus of control. Results Based on our findings, the regression analysis explains up to 21.3% of the total variation of our independent variable (locus of control) and explains only 21.3% of the variability of our dependent variable somatic anxiety. Furthermore, locus of control explains 61.9% of the variability in self-confidence. Conclusion The locus of control can be used for the detection and selection of young athletic talent to identify individuals with the best psychological aptitude to cope with psychological problems related to sports performance. Preparing highly trained soccer players on how to deal with their anxiety could prevent them from becoming overwhelmed when they feel powerless to change their situation during competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Amar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit Sports Performance, Health and Society, ISSEP Ksar Saïd, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Chiraz Gomni
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit Sports Performance, Health and Society, ISSEP Ksar Saïd, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Oussama Gaied Chortane
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit Sports Performance, Health and Society, ISSEP Ksar Saïd, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Khmiri
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit Sports Performance, Health and Society, ISSEP Ksar Saïd, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Rania Ghouaiel
- Philab Laboratory of Cultures, Technologies, and Philosophical Approaches, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ahorsu DK, Imani V, Potenza MN, Chen HP, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. Mediating Roles of Psychological Distress, Insomnia, and Body Image Concerns in the Association Between Exercise Addiction and Eating Disorders. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2533-2542. [PMID: 37431433 PMCID: PMC10329837 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s414543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exercising can promote good health. However, excessive exercising may have downsides. This study examined the association between exercise addiction and eating disorders and whether the identified association was mediated by psychological distress, insomnia (including sleep quality), and body image concern. Methods A total of 2088 adolescents (mean age of 15.3 years) participated in this cross-sectional study by questions assessing exercise addiction, eating disorders, psychological distress, insomnia, sleep quality, and body image concern. Results There were significantly positive relationships between the variables (r=0.12-0.54, p<0.01) with effect sizes from small to large. The four potential mediators (ie, insomnia, sleep quality, psychological distress, and body image concern), individually and in total, significantly mediated the association between exercise addiction and eating disorders. Conclusion The findings suggest that exercise addiction in adolescents may influence eating disorders through multiple pathways, such as insomnia, psychological distress, and body image concerns. Future research should examine these relationships longitudinally and use gathered information to inform intervention development. Clinicians and healthcare workers are encouraged to assess exercise addiction when treating individuals with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Vida Imani
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166/15731, Iran
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Rahim HA, Hoseini R, Hoseini Z, Abbas EN, Kareem DA. Health-related factors of the Iraqi adult population during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: physical activity, eating behavior, quality of life, general health, and mood states cross-talk. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1046. [PMID: 37264384 PMCID: PMC10233189 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lockdown and social distancing caused by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have changed Physical Activity Level (PAL), eating behavior, and health habits due to long-term confinement worldwide. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the PAL, eating behavior, Quality of Life (QoL), General Health (GH), and mood states during COVID-19 confinement in a large sample of Iraqi adults. METHODS 3738 healthy adults (age 18-70 years) residing in Halabjeh, Iraq answered the online questionnaires including the short form of international physical activity, GH, three-factor eating (TFEQ-R18), and a short form of the profile of mood states (POMS-SF) questionnaires. Data analysis was done by Chi-square, and Spearman's correlation using SPSS statistical software at a significant level of (P < 0.05). RESULTS The results showed unfavorable PAL, eating behavior, QoL, GH, and mood states in the total population. Low PAL was observed in 69.96% of the men and 75.99% of the women; only 3.60% of the men and 0.77% of the women had a high PAL. There was a significantly positive relationship between low PAL and the incidence of COVID-19 both in men and women (P = 0.801; r = 0.001; and P = 0.682; r = 0.011), respectively; While a significant negative relationship was observed between the moderate and high PAL and the incidence of COVID-19 in men (P = 0.011; r=-0.682 and P = 0.027, r=-0.589), and women (P = 0.001; r=-0.796 and P = 0.018, r=-0.623). No significant relationships were observed between PAL and eating behavior (men: P = 0.086; r = 0.256 and women: P = 0.365, r=-0.121); While, the results show significant positive relationships between PAL with QoL in men (P = 0.012; r = 0.623) and women (P = = 0.001; r = 0.837). based on the results, significant negative relationships between PAL with GH and mood state scores were observed in both men (P = 0.001; r=-0.837 and P = 0.001, r=-0.786) and women (P = 0.010; r=-0.652 and P = 0.001, r=-0.745), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Iraqi adult population showed low PAL, GH, QoL, and mood state during COVID-19 which might be due to the confinement. Also, the significant relationships between low PAL with GH, and mood state recommends physical activity as a valuable health optimizing factor during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa Ahmed Rahim
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Halabja, Kurdistan Region, Halabja, 46018, Iraq
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Eman Najemaldeen Abbas
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Dashni Anwer Kareem
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Halabja, Kurdistan Region, Halabja, 46018, Iraq
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Hua L, Ran R, Ni Z. Are the epidemic prevention facilities effective? How cities should choose epidemic prevention facilities: Taking Wuhan as an example. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1125301. [PMID: 37064702 PMCID: PMC10097902 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the limitations of urban public health emergency response capabilities. Taking Wuhan as an example, this study used breakpoint regression, kernel density analysis, overlay analysis, and accessibility analysis from Stata and ArcGIS, and divided epidemic prevention facilities into the basic epidemic prevention facilities (hospitals), and the emergency epidemic prevention facilities (mobile cabin hospitals) for further analysis. The results showed that over 70% of the basic epidemic prevention facilities in Wuhan were located in high density population areas. On the contrary, most of the emergency epidemic prevention facilities were located in low density population areas. The local treatment effect of the implementation of the emergency epidemic prevention facility policy is about 1, indicating that there was a significant impact of emergency epidemic prevention facilities on outbreak control, which passed the bandwidth test. What’s more, the analysis of the accessibility of residential points revealed that more than 67.3% of people from the residential points could arrive at the epidemic prevention facilities within 15 min, and only 0.1% of them took more than 20 min to arrive. Therefore, the epidemic prevention facilities can effectively curb the spread of the epidemic, and people from residential areas can quickly get there. This study summarized the spatial characteristics of epidemic prevention facilities in Wuhan and analyzed the importance of them, thus providing a new perspective for future research on upgrading the city’s comprehensive disaster prevention system.
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Nuss K, Sui W, Rhodes R, Liu S. Motivational Profile and Associations with Physical Activity Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43411. [PMID: 36927666 PMCID: PMC10132826 DOI: 10.2196/43411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background: In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the global Covid-19 outbreak to be a pandemic, triggering many countries, including Canada, to instate stay-at-home orders to their citizens. Research indicates that these stay-at-home orders are associate with declines in physical activity (PA), a behavior that has been reduce disease risk and improve quality of life. Many behavior change theories, like the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) of motivation, state that physical activity engagement is mediated by psychological contructs, like motivation. According to the SDT, motivation exists on a continuum from more controlled (external or coerced) to more autonomous (volitional) regulatory forms. Individuals move along the continuum from more controlled to more autonomous forms through the fulfillment of three psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Research indicates that moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is positively associated with autonomous regulatory form of motivation. Recently, researchers have speculated that a better method to describe motivation than movement along the continuum, is to generate motivational profiles, which represent combinations of differing levels of controlled and autonomous regulation existing at the same time. OBJECTIVE Objective: We aimed to identify distinct motivational profiles and determine their association with MVPA before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Methods: Using a cross-sectional, retrospective design, we surveyed 977 Canadian adults. We assessed motivation for physical activity using the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire. We assessed physical activity pre-, during, and post-Covid-19 stay-at-home orders in Canada using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. We derived motivational profiles using latent profile analysis. Using motivational profile as an independent variable, we assessed its effect on physical activity at all three time points with multi-level models that included participant ID as a random variable. RESULTS Results: We identified four profiles: high autonomous and high controlled (HAHC), low overall motivation (LOM), high autonomous and introjected (HAI), and high amotivation and external (HAE). The HAHC profile had the highest levels of weekly MVPA minutes at all three timepoints, followed by the HAI profile. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: Our results suggests that a combination of both autonomous and controlled regulatory forms may be more effective in influencing MVPA than controlled or autonomous forms alone, particularly during times of high stress, like a global pandemic. Whereas the odds of another global pandemic are low, these results may also be applied to other times of stress such as job transitions, relationship changes (e.g., change in marital status), or the death of a loved one. We suggest that clinicians and practitioners consider developing PA interventions that seek to increase both controlled and autonomous regulatory forms, instead of aiming to reduce controlled forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Nuss
- Klein Buendel, 1667 Cole Blvd STE 220, Lakewood, US
| | - Wuyou Sui
- University of Victoria, Victoria, CA
| | | | - Sam Liu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, CA
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Codella R, Chirico A. Physical Inactivity and Depression: The Gloomy Dual with Rising Costs in a Large-Scale Emergency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1603. [PMID: 36674363 PMCID: PMC9862474 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
At the end of October of 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) released "the Global status report on physical activity 2022" [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Zhang W, Mei J, Evans R, Wu H. The effects of information framing on self-protective behavior: Evidence from the COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231210655. [PMID: 37915790 PMCID: PMC10617298 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231210655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Healthy China 2030 strategy outlines the government's plans for healthcare reform, emphasizing the need for increased awareness about infectious diseases to prevent and fight future infections. Information campaigns can be used as a medium to raise awareness and encourage citizens' willingness to protect themselves against diseases, such as COVID-19. Extant studies have found that individual health behavior decision-making can be changed under different information frames. However, limited evidence is available about emerging infectious diseases. Based on the Prospect Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior, the impact of information frames on self-protective behavior-vaccination against COVID-19 is investigated in this study. Methods A 2(gain/loss frame)*2(factual/emotional frame) intergroup experimental design was designed to explore the effects of different information frames. 228 valid participants in China were recruited and the experiment was performed online. Results First, the gain frame was more effective in promoting public self-protection behavior than the loss frame under information frame intervention. Compared with the factual frame, the emotional frame is more effective in reducing individual risk perception. Second, perceptual behavior control has masking effects on self-protection behavior under the influence of the gain/loss frame. Third, age, subjective norms, attitudes, and the gain frame, have predictive effects on self-protection behavior. Conclusions This study provides empirical evidence on the impact of information framing interventions on public self-protection behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides important practical implications for public administrators and media practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Mei
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Richard Evans
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Oliveira GTA, Elsangedy HM, Browne RAV, Vivas A, Cabral LLP, Macêdo GAD, Costa EC, Fontes EB. COVID-19 pandemic and explicit processes towards physical activity in Brazilian older adults with hypertension. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:200-210. [PMID: 35443849 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2067340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the initial three-month impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the explicit processes towards physical activity (PA). In addition, we explored whether potential changes in explicit processes are associated with changes in PA and sedentary behavior (SB). Seventeen older adults (aged 65.7 ± 3.8 years; 76.5% women) with hypertension were included in this longitudinal study performed in Natal, Brazil. Explicit processes (explicit attitude [perceived benefits and cons perceived], social norms, social modeling, self-efficacy, intention and motivation) were evaluated through self-reported questionnaire before (January to March 2020) and during (June 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, PA and SB were measured by accelerometry during seven days. Generalized linear and mixed models were used for data analysis. There was a decrease in the explicit attitudes (β = - 4.8, p = 0.001) and moderate-vigorous PA (β = - 4.8, p = 0.035) during the COVID-19. Changes in the explicit attitudes were associated with the changes in the moderate-vigorous PA (β = - 1.6, 95% CI - 2.9, - 0.3, p = 0.034). No significant changes were found in the additional explicit process measures, time spent doing light PA and SB, and step count. Our findings may suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the explicit attitudes related to PA and contributed to decrease the time spent in the moderate-vigorous PA in older adults with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gledson T A Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Hassan M Elsangedy
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A V Browne
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Andrés Vivas
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Motion Science, Fundácion Universitaria Ciencias de la Salud, Colombia
| | - Ludmila L P Cabral
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Geovani A D Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Costa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Fontes
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Beck F, Schmidt SCE, Woll A, Reimers AK. Family predictors of physical activity change during the COVID-19 lockdown in preschool children in Germany. J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s10865-022-00382-7. [PMID: 36527573 PMCID: PMC9759046 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with crucial changes in children's daily life including their physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST). Among preschool children, the family represents an important factor for sufficient PA levels by being the gatekeeper for PA. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the family environment, specifically SES, parental support, and having siblings on COVID-19-related changes of PA and ST behavior in 317 (170 boys, 147 girls) German preschool children using longitudinal data. Our results indicate a decline in total amount of sports-related PA, an increase in outdoor play, as well as an increase in leisure ST in preschool children. The changes in total amount of PA differed between children with different levels of parental support as well as in dependence on having siblings. Furthermore, levels of outdoor play and ST in preschool children were influenced by environmental factors like having access to their own garden. We conclude that the family environment (parental support as well as physical environment) is highly relevant for PA and ST levels in preschool children. To provide every child with PA opportunities during potential future lockdowns, restriction policies should be adapted and parents need sophisticated information about the importance of their support and thus the PA levels of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Beck
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen C. E. Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science & Sport, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sport Science & Sport, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne K. Reimers
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Crandall CJ, Larson J, Wiley Cene C, Bellettiere J, Laddu D, Jackson RD, Schumacher BT, Stefanick ML. Relationship of Social Connectedness With Decreasing Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Older Women Participating in the Women's Health Initiative Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:S22-S30. [PMID: 35596268 PMCID: PMC9129221 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is generally accompanied by decreasing physical activity (PA), which is associated with a decline in many health parameters, leading to recommendations for older adults to increase or at least maintain PA. METHODS We determined relationships between social connectedness and decreasing or increasing PA levels during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among 41 443 participants of the Women's Health Initiative Extension Study. Outcomes of logistic regression models were decreasing PA activity (reference: maintaining or increasing) and increasing PA activity (reference: maintaining or decreasing). The main predictor was social connectedness as a combined variable: not living alone (reference: living alone) and communicating with others outside the home more than once/week (reference: once/week or less). We adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, body mass index, physical function level, and education. RESULTS Compared with participants who were not socially connected, socially connected participants had lower odds of decreasing PA (adjusted odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.95). Odds of increasing PA (vs decreasing or maintaining PA) were not significantly different among socially connected and not socially connected participants. Associations between social connectedness and decreasing PA did not significantly differ by age (<85 vs ≥85 years), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White vs other races/ethnicity), education (college vs 75). CONCLUSION Social connectedness was associated with lower odds of decreasing PA among older women during the pandemic. These findings could inform the development of future interventions to help older women avoid decreasing PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Crandall
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph Larson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Crystal Wiley Cene
- Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - John Bellettiere
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, The University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois,USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin T Schumacher
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Department of Medicine (Stanford Prevention Research Center), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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13
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Fernandez I, Pagani M, Gallina E. Post-traumatic stress disorder among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Effectiveness of an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention protocol. Front Psychol 2022; 13:964334. [PMID: 36160528 PMCID: PMC9496181 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.964334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents one of the most catastrophic events of recent times. Due to the hospitals’ emergency situation, the population of healthcare workers was the most affected. Healthcare workers who were exposed to COVID-19 patients are most likely to develop psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study aimed at investigating PTSD in a sample of Italian healthcare workers during this outbreak and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy with this population. Methods A total of 744 healthcare workers were included. 587 healthcare workers were treated with EMDR, while the other 157 were not treated. Participants were asked to provide sociodemographic information; the post-traumatic symptomatology was evaluated through Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and to investigate the level of intensity of emotional activation was used The Emotion Thermometer (THERMO) at two time points (pre-post treatment). Results The results obtained between EMDR treatment and non-EMDR treatment were evaluated on only 2 hospitals. Treatment group n = 68 vs. waitlist non-treatment group n = 157. All scores pre- and post-EMDR decreased significantly (p < 0.001) showing an evident effect of EMDR. The differences between pre- and post-treatment of the IES-R scores of subjects in which EMDR was performed as compared to the scores pre- and post-12 weeks of waiting list subjects in which it was not performed were significantly different (p < 0.001). Limitation The emergency situation did not provide an opportunity to explore further aspects that would have been important for research. One limitation is the use and analysis of only two standardized tests. In addition, other psychopathologies were not investigated as outcome measures. A limitation is the comparison of subjects treated online and de visu. Although the protocol used was the same, the mode of intervention may have influenced the results. In addition, the effectiveness of EMDR treatment was only evaluated at two time points (pre-post) with no possibility of follow-up and the lack of a control group. Discussion/conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that healthcare workers were at high risk of developing PTSD when confronted with COVID-19 outbreak and suggest the importance of psychological support during this humanitarian emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fernandez
- Centro di Ricerca e Studi in Psicotraumatologia (CRSP), Milan, Italy
- EMDR Italy Association, Varedo, Italy
| | - Marco Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gallina
- Centro di Ricerca e Studi in Psicotraumatologia (CRSP), Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Eugenio Gallina,
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14
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Sari DK, Mani S, Fadli M, Ihksan R, Machrina Y, Arrasyid NK, Siregar KB, Sunarno A. Is It Important to Increase Physical Activity Among University Students During the Second-Wave COVID-19 Pandemic in Asian Countries? A Cross-Sectional Study of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Asian Countries. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:1559-1571. [PMID: 35903185 PMCID: PMC9314754 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s368635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Difficulties in exercising have occurred for the entire world’s population during this COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the second wave at the end of 2021. Most worrying is the lack of physical activity in young adults, as lack of exercise will increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases in the future. The youth such as university student can be agents of change, to increase physical activity, from sedentary to sport life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and actions of university students and the correlation between the related variables. Methods This study is a cross-sectional observational study involving 458 Asian university students based on Asian and African nationalities. This research was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia. The variables studied were the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of university students with regard to sports, and the statistical test used was the Chi-squared test. Results The results showed that the research subjects were mainly from Indonesia and India (95.8%), there were more women than men (69.9% vs 30.1%), the most common age range was 18–20 years (61.4%), and 45.4% had a normal body mass index. In total, 48.3% had high knowledge, 93.4% had a positive attitude, and 34.7% had good practice. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (p=0.002) but not with action. Conclusion This study found that good knowledge was associated with a good attitude, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic with activity restrictions on university students, there was no relationship with action. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/px8Qw_BHl2E
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Keumala Sari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Suresh Mani
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Muhammad Fadli
- Medical Education and Professional Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Riyadh Ihksan
- Department of Science and Technology, North Sumatra Branch-National Sport Committee, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Yetty Machrina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | - Kamal Basri Siregar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Agung Sunarno
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia
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15
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Khani Jeihooni A, Jafari F, Shiraly R, Rakhshani T, Asadollahi A, Karami H. Physical activity behavior during Covid 19 pandemic among Iranian dwellers in Southern Iran based on planned behavior theory: a SEM analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1400. [PMID: 35864489 PMCID: PMC9303048 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions curtailed physical activity. The current study applied an integrated Theory of Planned Behavior to identify the determinants of physical activity behavior and the processes involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz city, Southern Iran, among 2500 people who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Data were collected using the demographic information questions and questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs. The Questionnaire via WhatsApp, emails, and SMS was shared. Data analysis was performed using SPSS26 and Amos version 24. Mean and standard deviation was used to describe the data. Also, one-way ANOVA and structural equation analysis were used to analyze the data. The significance level in all the tests was considered to be 0.05. RESULTS One thousand one hundred sixty-nine samples (46.8%) said they had been exercising less than 3 days a week, and 47.6% of them did not have any exercise or physical activities (n = 1191). The mean score of attitudes, SN, PBC, and intention were 9.38 ± 2.07, 9.27 ± 2.03, 9.32 ± 2.05, and 12.29 ± 2.35, respectively. The effect size values demonstrate the independent variables' high coefficient of influence on explaining the theoretical model. According to the results, the factors play an important role in samples' intention (η2 ≥ 0.2, p ≤ 0.05). The effect size of intention on doing physical activities and exercise during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is Eta square = 0.777, which means the measure was high. The obtained model was good based on the main goodness of fit indices (Chi2 = 108.6, df = 25, n = 2500, Chi2/df = 4.344, RMSEA = 0.036, AGFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.95, GFI = 0.90, Fornell-Larcker criterion = 0.87, HTMT = 0.89). CONCLUSION The TPB provides a useful framework to explore psychosocial determinants of physical activity behavior during the pandemic and identify key strategies for program planning aimed at improving exercise among people who were already influenced by quarantine and lockdown restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, P. Code:7153675541, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Shiraly
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Health Behavior Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rakhshani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, P. Code:7153675541, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Asadollahi
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Karami
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Peng X, Menhas R, Dai J, Younas M. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Overall Wellbeing: Mediating Role of Virtual Reality Fitness for Physical-Psychological Health and Physical Activity. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1741-1756. [PMID: 35860203 PMCID: PMC9289576 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s369020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual reality applications are made for various objectives such as business, entertainment, education, and healthcare. Anxiety, phobias, distress, disordered eating, drug addiction, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression, and autism spectrum disorders may benefit from virtual reality-based approaches. The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the way we live, enjoy, study, sport, and socialize significantly. Virtual reality fitness technology gained much attention during the COVID-19 preventive measures time. Objective The present study explores the role of virtual reality fitness in improving overall wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic home isolation period in terms of physical-psychological health and physical activity. Methods A total of 2300 individuals were recruited using the snowball sampling technique to participate in the study. The primary data were collected using an anonymous web-based survey. SPSS-23 and Smart-PLS 3.2.9 software were used to analyze the data. Results The direct path coefficient analysis of the study constructs show that virtual reality fitness has (preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness -> overall wellbeing, preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness -> physical exercise, and preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness -> physical health) profound effects on the research participants’ mental and physical wellbeing of the study participants while indirect mediation analysis shows that virtual reality fitness has (preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness ->overall wellbeing, preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness -> physical exercise, preventive measures -> virtual reality fitness ->physical health) significant impacts. Conclusion Our study results concluded that house exercises through virtual reality fitness are a good substitute for public gyms and private group fitness programs during the first pandemic wave for physical-psychological and overall wellbeing. Virtual reality fitness technology can alleviate many of the challenges brought on by the epidemic, resulting in increased utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Peng
- College of Physical Education, Hunan City University, Yiyang, People's Republic of China.,College of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rashid Menhas
- Research Center of Sports Social Sciences, College of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Dai
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Younas
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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17
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Servidio R, Malvaso A, Vizza D, Valente M, Campagna MR, Iacono ML, Martin LR, Bruno F. The intention to get COVID-19 vaccine and vaccine uptake among cancer patients: An extension of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:7973-7982. [PMID: 35752690 PMCID: PMC9244196 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The psychosocial impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on human life is well-known. Although vaccine protection represents an effective way to control the spread of the virus, vaccination hesitancy may decrease individuals’ willingness to get vaccinated, including among cancer patients. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine the predictors of cancer patients’ intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccinations and vaccine uptake, using and integrating the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM). A sample of 276 Italian cancer patients (54% female and 46% male) ranging from 19 to 85 years (M = 49.64, SD = 11.53) was recruited by administering an online questionnaire. The current study results showed that cancer patients with higher trust in health authorities tended to have vaccine-positive subjective norms, perceived that vaccination was under their control, and viewed COVID-19 vaccines positively. On the other hand, the perceived risk of COVID-19 was related to subjective norms but not to perceived behavioural control or attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. The current study reveals that TPB variables can function effectively as mediators between perceived risk, trust, and intention to vaccinate but at different levels. Together, these findings suggest that effective interventions (both public health messaging and personal medical communications) should focus on enhancing trust in health authorities, while at the same time endeavouring to highlight subjective norms that are vaccine-positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Servidio
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Vizza
- Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Sciences of Calabria (ASCoC), Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Moira Valente
- Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Sciences of Calabria (ASCoC), Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Voluntary Association "Ali Rosa", Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Rosita Campagna
- Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Sciences of Calabria (ASCoC), Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Voluntary Association "Ali Rosa", Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Sciences of Calabria (ASCoC), Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Voluntary Association "Ali Rosa", Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Leslie R Martin
- Department of Psychology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, CA, 92515, USA
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Academy of Cognitive Behavioral Sciences of Calabria (ASCoC), Lamezia Terme, Italy.
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy.
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy.
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Sornsenee P, Kongtragulsub K, Watcharajiranich K, Chantanuwat R, Aungchayakul A, Mangkhalathat K, Laparojkit S. Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression Among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Restaurant Entrepreneurs Due to Thailand’s COVID-19-Related Restrictions: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1157-1165. [PMID: 35655746 PMCID: PMC9153940 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s359507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Phoomjai Sornsenee
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Correspondence: Phoomjai Sornsenee, Department of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Road, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand, Tel +66954204713, Fax +6674451333, Email
| | | | | | - Ratsak Chantanuwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Awika Aungchayakul
- Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Cavaggioni L, Rossi A, Tosin M, Scurati R, Michielon G, Alberti G, Merati G, Formenti D, Trecroci A. Changes in Upper-Body Muscular Strength and Power in Paralympic Swimmers: Effects of Training Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095382. [PMID: 35564778 PMCID: PMC9101705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this case series was to evaluate the effectiveness of a dry-land home-training program conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Paralympic swimmers. Previous evidence showed the importance of muscular strength and power training for Paralympic swimmers due to the positive relationship between severity of impairment, swimming technique and biomechanics parameters. Specifically, we aimed to analyze: (i) the effects of a customized training regime conducted pre, during and post restrictions on upper-body muscular strength and power (one repetition maximum, mean propulsive velocity, and mean relative propulsive power) compared to a regular gym-based program; (ii) the associations between mean propulsive velocity and load during two upper body exercises in order to estimate the one repetition maximum. Four elite Paralympic swimmers were retrospectively analyzed in upper-body muscular strength, mean propulsive velocity and mean relative propulsive power in bench press and lat pull-down exercises at three time points: T0 (prior the Lockdown period), T1 (immediately after the Lockdown confinement), T2 (sixteen weeks after returning to gym training). Our findings suggest a very likely decrement in one repetition maximum, mean propulsive velocity, and mean relative propulsive power during the Lockdown period compared with the T0 period with a subsequent very likely increment in one repetition maximum after returning to gym training (T2) compared with the lockdown period (T0). Conversely, mean relative propulsive power showed an unclear improvement in all athletes in T2 compared with T1. These results were also corroborated by the Friedman’s test followed by the Dunn’s pairwise comparison that mainly showed a decrement from T0 to T1 (p < 0.05). At the same time, it appears that muscle strength and power could be rapidly restored close to the pre-lockdown levels following an adequate training program in the gym, albeit without significance (p > 0.05). Finally, the close relationship between mean propulsive velocity and load in bench press and lat pull-down exercises was also confirmed in para swimming, making a possible estimation of one repetition maximum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cavaggioni
- Obesity Unit—Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Giovanni Michielon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.M.); (D.F.)
- IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Formenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (G.M.); (D.F.)
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.S.); (G.M.); (G.A.); (A.T.)
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20
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Galli F, Giancamilli F, Palombi T, Vitale JA, Borghi S, De Maria A, Cavicchiolo E, Diotaiuti P, La Torre A, Zelli A, Lucidi F, Codella R, Chirico A. Anxiety, Motives, and Intention for Physical Activity during the Italian COVID-19 Lockdown: An Observational Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084689. [PMID: 35457555 PMCID: PMC9025152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led governments to adopt strict containment measures to avoid spreading the virus. These essential measures led to home confinement that influenced both the physical and mental health of populations. Physical activity plays a key role in preventing chronic diseases and promoting protective psychological factors. In the context of a lockdown, understanding the motives that guide people to enact physical activity is an important issue for public health. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between autonomous motivation and physical activity, considering the role of behavioral intention and anxiety in a longitudinal moderated mediation model. METHODS Italian participants (N = 86; meanage = 29.74, standard deviation = 9.74; female = 53.5%) completed a booklet composed of different questionnaires (motivation, intention, anxiety, and physical activity) 3 weeks apart. RESULTS The hypothesized model is supported by the evidence; both autonomous motivation and intention are direct predictors of physical activity. The results also show that the direct effect of autonomous motivation on physical activity is stronger in participants with low anxiety, while high levels of anxiety are a significant moderator of the intention-behavior relation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a multidisciplinary approach should be promoting methods and infrastructures to permit people to adhere to physical activity, as a front line against any health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Galli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Francesco Giancamilli
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (T.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (T.P.); (F.L.)
| | | | - Stefano Borghi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessandra De Maria
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy;
| | - Antonio La Torre
- IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (J.A.V.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Arnaldo Zelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (A.D.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (T.P.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (R.C.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza”, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (T.P.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Agarwala R, Maria IJ, Dewan P, Rahman MM, Hosen Z, Adnan M. Exploring the impact of daily food habit and modification of lifestyle for boosting immunity against COVID-19. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08983. [PMID: 35194564 PMCID: PMC8851826 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lockdown crisis due to novel coronavirus (COVID-19) mainly affected people who live under economic despair. Since boosting the immune system against the virus depends on a variety of food intake and lifestyle approaches; hence, it is crucial to know how daily food habits and lifestyle modification protect from pathogenic viral infections. This study focused on the benefit of plant-based foods, functional foods and the modified lifestyle which enhance the immunity of all aged groups against COVID-19 in Bangladesh. An online close-ended randomly selected structured multiple-choice questionnaire survey was conducted for people of different parts of Bangladesh (n = 161; male 51.55%, female 48.45%). The total percentage was counted for all variables. We found that plant-based foods, functional foods, and physical exercise played a vital role in enhancing people's immunity to control COVID-19. Plant-based micronutrients, nutraceuticals and antioxidants mainly took part to boost the immune system against the virus. Furthermore, physical activity had a vital role in improving people's immunity to manage COVID-19. Literature suggested that food habits, body immunity, awareness, stress and weight variation were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The vaccine or proper medication of COVID-19 still remains in an enigma. In this situation, boosting immunity to combat Coronavirus is the only way to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashni Agarwala
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Jahan Maria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Promi Dewan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mafizur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Zubaer Hosen
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Adnan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.,Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
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22
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The Psychometric Properties of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3): Factorial Structure, Invariance and Validity in the Italian Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19041937. [PMID: 35206126 PMCID: PMC8872217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Motivation to engage in physical activity plays a central role in ensuring the health of the population. The present study investigated the psychometric properties and validity in Italy of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3), a widely used instrument for assessing individuals’ motivation to exercise based on self-determination theory (SDT). Methods: A large sample (N = 2222; females = 55.4%; Mage = 36.4 years, SDage = 13.9, min = 20, max = 69) of young people, and middle aged and older adults completed the Italian translation of the BREQ-3, also indicating their intentions to exercise in the following weeks. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the posited six-factor structure of the BREQ-3 fitted the data well (CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04) and provided evidence for full measurement invariance across gender and different age groups. The construct validity of the BREQ-3 was supported by the latent correlations among the subscales, which were consistent with the quasi-simplex pattern theorized by SDT. The overall level of self-determination and the intention to exercise were positively correlated, providing evidence for the criterion validity of the scale. Conclusions: The Italian version of the BREQ-3 has proved to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the behavioral regulation of exercise in individuals with different demographic characteristics.
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23
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Animal-Assisted Intervention and Health Care Workers’ Psychological Health: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030383. [PMID: 35158706 PMCID: PMC8833329 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare settings have recently increased the use of companion animals in the workplace to provide emotional support to people with disabilities, but there is limited empirical research on the effects of these programs on healthcare workers. However, it is reasonable to speculate that Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs) may have positive effects on health care workers (HCWs) by buffering the negative effects of work-related stress and other occupational psychosocial risk factors. The aim of this review was to examine the beneficial effects of AAIs on the psychological well-being of HCWs. A systematic review was conducted in December 2021 to gain insight into the positive effects of pets on HCWs in the workplace. Searches were conducted in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, including studies between 2001 and December 2021, and 12 articles were included in the review. The results indicate that implementing the AAI program in a busy clinic is feasible and that the program is accepted by medical professionals because of the immense psychological benefits it provides. However, the healthcare professionals disliked the experimental design that forced them to leave their workplaces at a certain time.
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24
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Almansour A, Alagil J, Alamoudi NB, Alamrie RM, Alarifi S, AlUrifan S, Althunyan A, Alghumlas A, Alreedy A, Aldhawyan A, Alshehri S, Alumran A. The Influence of Physical Activity on COVID-19 Prevention Among Quarantined Individuals: A Case–Control Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:271-280. [PMID: 35210785 PMCID: PMC8860629 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s352753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients and Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulelah Almansour
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Abdulelah Almansour, Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 32275, Saudi Arabia, Email
| | - Jumana Alagil
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naela B Alamoudi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmah M Alamrie
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundus Alarifi
- General Dentist, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah AlUrifan
- General Dentist, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Althunyan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alghumlas
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alreedy
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Aldhawyan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaher Alshehri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Alumran
- Health Information Management and Technology, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Srisathan WA, Naruetharadhol P. A COVID-19 disruption: The great acceleration of digitally planned and transformed behaviors in Thailand. TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY 2022; 68:101912. [PMID: 35125560 PMCID: PMC8800537 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reshaped human behaviors and switched communication systems from face-to-face to digital communication technologies. This study aimed to examine how digital transformation practices affect human behavioral change digitally, and how perceived COVID-19 severity affects digital transformation practices and behavioral decisions. We use the traditional theory of planned behavior (TPB) to determine new behavioral roles in the digital era, namely digitally planned and transformed behavior. The quantitative survey method was designed to collect cross-sectional data from 550 Thai citizens to provide the conceptual evidence of key proximal measures of digital attitude, digital social norms, digital behavioral control perception, and the digital behavioral decision to predict digitally planned and transformed behavior. The results show that people are more likely to digitalize than before, which predicts the decision to behave digitally at 93.9% of the variability, more than 75% of the predictive power of the total variance suggested by Hair, Ringle, and Sarstedt [1]. However, the higher the COVID-19 severity, the more likely digital transformation is impactful (β = 0.481). This study provides interesting evidence that people struggle to transform their digital behavior during the pandemic. We demonstrate that digital transformation can offer the desired consequences by cultivating digital attitudes, promoting digital social norms, increasing digital behavioral control perception, and enhancing digital behavioral decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wutthiya A Srisathan
- International College, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrphap Road, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Center for Sustainable, Innovation and Society, International College, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrphap Road, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Phaninee Naruetharadhol
- International College, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrphap Road, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Center for Sustainable, Innovation and Society, International College, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrphap Road, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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26
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Zrnić Novaković I, Lueger-Schuster B, Verginer L, Bakić H, Ajduković D, Borges C, Figueiredo-Braga M, Javakhishvili JD, Tsiskarishvili L, Dragan M, Nagórka N, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Lioupi C, Lotzin A. You can't do anything about it, but you can make the best of it: a qualitative analysis of pandemic-related experiences in six European countries. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2065431. [PMID: 35646295 PMCID: PMC9132427 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2065431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex system of stressors related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the global population, provoking a broad range of psychological reactions. Although numerous studies have investigated the mental health impact of COVID-19, qualitative research and cross-country comparisons are still rare. OBJECTIVE This qualitative study aimed to explore self-perceived challenges and opportunities related to COVID-19 across six European countries. The overall objective was to provide a differentiated picture of individual subjective experiences in the early stages of the pandemic. METHOD The present study included 7309 participants from Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Poland, and Portugal. We performed qualitative content analysis according to Mayring analyse open-ended questions regarding stressful events, positive and negative aspects of the pandemic, and recommendations to cope with the pandemic situation. MAXQDA software was used for data management and analysis. RESULTS Participants' accounts were moderately consistent across the countries. The most prominent themes regarding stressful and negative pandemic aspects included: Restrictions and changes in daily life, Emotional distress, and Work and finances. Answers about positive pandemic consequences were mainly centred around the themes Reflection and growth, Opportunity for meaningful/enjoyable activities, and Benefits on interpersonal level. Key themes identified from participants' recommendations to cope with the pandemic included Beneficial behavioural adjustment, Beneficial cognitive-emotional strategies, and Social support. CONCLUSIONS Participants experienced various challenges, but also shared several positive pandemic consequences and recommendations to cope with the pandemic. These first-hand data could inform mental health practices to promote well-being during COVID-19 and similar global challenges in the participating countries and possibly beyond. HIGHLIGHTS We examined COVID-19-related experiences in 7309 adults from six European countries.Besides challenges, participants identified many positive pandemic consequences.Participants' recommendations to cope with COVID-19 included behavioural and cognitive-emotional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zrnić Novaković
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Doctoral School in Cognition, Behavior and Neuroscience, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Verginer
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helena Bakić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Ajduković
- Vienna Doctoral School in Cognition, Behavior and Neuroscience, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Camila Borges
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES) of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES) of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Nadia Nagórka
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- Psychology Program, School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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27
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Are elite track and field athletes on track? The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on sleep behavior and training characteristics. Biol Sport 2021; 38:741-751. [PMID: 34937986 PMCID: PMC8670798 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 outbreak forced many governments to enter a nationwide lockdown. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by means of a survey, changes in sleep parameters and physical activity characteristics of elite track and field athletes in three periods: before the lockdown (T0), during the lockdown (09th March – 03rd May 2020, T1) and the first month after the lockdown (T2). This study was conducted from May 2020 to June 2020 and data were collected using an offline survey with 89 elite track and field athletes (mean age: 24.7 ± 5.4; n = 43 males; n = 46 females). The survey consisted of demographic data and questions on physical activity and sleep behavior at T0, T1 and T2. Athletes reported lower sleep quality scores at T1 compared to T0 and T2 (p < 0.0001) and registered delayed bedtime, wake-up time and longer sleep latency during the lockdown compared to pre-lockdown and post-lockdown whereas no changes in total sleep time were reported. No inter-group differences were detected in sleep characteristics between short- and long-term disciplines and between genders. The weekly training volume decreased from 16.1 ± 5.7 hours at T0 to 10.7 ± 5.7 hours at T1 (p < 0.0001) whereas no significant differences were detected in training volume during the lockdown in relation to the square footage of the house (p = 0.309). Alcohol (p = 0.136) and caffeine intake (p = 0.990) and use of electronic devices (p = 0.317) were similar pre-, during, and post-lockdown. The unprecedented circumstances of the Covid-19 pandemic had negative impacts on the Italian track and field athletes’ sleep and training volumes.
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28
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Romdhani M, Rae DE, Nédélec M, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Al Horani R, Ben Saad H, Bragazzi N, Dönmez G, Driss T, Fullagar HHK, Farooq A, Garbarino S, Hammouda O, Hassanmirzaei B, Khalladi K, Khemila S, Mataruna-Dos-Santos LJ, Moussa-Chamari I, Mujika I, Muñoz Helú H, Norouzi Fashkhami A, Paineiras-Domingos LL, Rahbari Khaneghah M, Saita Y, Trabelsi K, Vitale JA, Washif JA, Weber J, Souissi N, Taylor L, Chamari K. COVID-19 Lockdowns: A Worldwide Survey of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Quality in 3911 Athletes from 49 Countries, with Data-Driven Recommendations. Sports Med 2021; 52:1433-1448. [PMID: 34878639 PMCID: PMC8652380 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective In a convenience sample of athletes, we conducted a survey of COVID-19-mediated lockdown (termed ‘lockdown’ from this point forward) effects on: (i) circadian rhythms; (ii) sleep; (iii) eating; and (iv) training behaviors. Methods In total, 3911 athletes [mean age: 25.1 (range 18–61) years, 1764 female (45%), 2427 team-sport (63%) and 1442 elite (37%) athletes] from 49 countries completed a multilingual cross-sectional survey including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index questionnaires, alongside bespoke questions about napping, training, and nutrition behaviors. Results Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (4.3 ± 2.4 to 5.8 ± 3.1) and Insomnia Severity Index (4.8 ± 4.7 to 7.2 ± 6.4) scores increased from pre- to during lockdown (p < 0.001). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was predominantly influenced by sleep-onset latency (p < 0.001; + 29.8%), sleep efficiency (p < 0.001; − 21.1%), and total sleep time (p < 0.001; − 20.1%), whilst Insomnia Severity Index was affected by sleep-onset latency (p < 0.001; + 21.4%), bedtime (p < 0.001; + 9.4%), and eating after midnight (p < 0.001; + 9.1%). During lockdown, athletes reported fewer training sessions per week (− 29.1%; d = 0.99). Athletes went to bed (+ 75 min; 5.4%; d = 1.14) and woke up (+ 150 min; 34.5%; d = 1.71) later during lockdown with an increased total sleep time (+ 48 min; 10.6%; d = 0.83). Lockdown-mediated circadian disruption had more deleterious effects on the sleep quality of individual-sport athletes compared with team-sport athletes (p < 0.001; d = 0.41), elite compared with non-elite athletes (p = 0.028; d = 0.44) and older compared with younger (p = 0.008; d = 0.46) athletes. Conclusions These lockdown-induced behavioral changes reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia in athletes. Data-driven and evidence-based recommendations to counter these include, but are not limited to: (i) early outdoor training; (ii) regular meal scheduling (whilst avoiding meals prior to bedtime and caffeine in the evening) with appropriate composition; (iii) regular bedtimes and wake-up times; and (iv) avoidance of long and/or late naps. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01601-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Romdhani
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia. .,Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, BP 143 Olympic City, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Dale E Rae
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mathieu Nédélec
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, BP 143 Olympic City, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ramzi Al Horani
- Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Université de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat HACHED, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche (LR12SP09) "Insuffisance Cardiaque", Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gürhan Dönmez
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2) UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Hugh H K Fullagar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2) UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France.,Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bahar Hassanmirzaei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center - IFMARC, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Khalladi
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syrine Khemila
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, BP 143 Olympic City, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos
- Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relation, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Imen Moussa-Chamari
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iñigo Mujika
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.,Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hussein Muñoz Helú
- Department of Economic-Administrative Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisioterapia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Yoshitomo Saita
- Department of Sports and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Johanna Weber
- Neurocognition and Action, Biomechanics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Institute for Sports Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, BP 143 Olympic City, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
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29
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Knight RL, McNarry MA, Sheeran L, Runacres AW, Thatcher R, Shelley J, Mackintosh KA. Moving Forward: Understanding Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour during COVID-19-An Integrative Review and Socioecological Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010910. [PMID: 34682653 PMCID: PMC8535281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Population-level physical activity (PA) and sedentary time/behaviour estimates represent a significant public health issue exacerbated by restrictions enforced to control COVID-19. This integrative review interrogated available literature to explore the pandemic's impact on correlates of such behaviours in adults (≥18 years). Five electronic databases were systematically searched in January 2021. Data extracted from 64 articles were assessed for risk-of-bias using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool, with correlates identified, coded, and themed via thematic analysis. A socioecological model of during-pandemic PA was conceptualized and mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change mechanisms, which illustrates influences over five levels: Individual (biological)-general health; Individual (psychological)-mental health, cognition, motivation, and behaviour; Social-domestic situation, sociodemographic factors, support, and lifestyle choices; Environmental-resources and area of residence; and Policy-COVID-19-related rules. For sedentary time/behaviour, individual level factors, namely general and mental health, may be important correlates. Neither age or sex were clearly correlated with either behaviour. As we transition into a new normal, understanding which behaviour mechanisms could effectively challenge physical inactivity is essential. Targeting capability on a psychological level may facilitate PA and limit sedentary time/behaviour, whereas, on a physical level, maximizing PA opportunities could be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Knight
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Liba Sheeran
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4EP, UK;
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Adam W. Runacres
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Rhys Thatcher
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UK;
| | - James Shelley
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (R.L.K.); (M.A.M.); (A.W.R.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Training Conditions and Emotional Impact on Spanish Olympic Swimmers and Rowers in Social Isolation Due to COVID-19. Results of a Survey. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article analyzes the results of a survey conducted in 2020 with Spanish Olympic swimmers and rowers, who were confined to their homes due to the epidemiological crisis. The questionnaire was administered between 23 April and 25 May. Responses to the questionnaire on emotional and adaptive reactions during the COVID-19 confinement (REACOVID-19) were received from 88 subjects, who represented 100% of the total population of Spanish Olympic swimmers and rowers. Through this questionnaire, they were asked about their living conditions, their daily training habits and their psychological, cognitive and emotional adaptation during the confinement. The results show the commitment of these athletes to their sports goals and their responsibility in respecting the confinement rules. Sixty-seven per cent of them stated that they had not left their homes for 96 days. In these extreme circumstances, the majority trained an average of 11 to 13 h a week and coped with the confinement with a positive attitude, in spite of the inconveniences of social isolation, the lack of equipment and technical support for training and the limitations of their physical space. The article analyzes which emotional and social factors influenced both their motivation and their hours of training.
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Mamun MA, al Mamun F, Hosen I, Hasan M, Rahman A, Jubayar AM, Maliha Z, Abdullah AH, Sarker MA, Kabir H, Jyoti AS, Kaggwa MM, Sikder MT. Suicidality in Bangladeshi Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Behavioral Factors, COVID-19 Risk and Fear, and Mental Health Problems. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4051-4061. [PMID: 34616192 PMCID: PMC8488028 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s330282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is said that psychological stressors have risen during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may contribute to suicidality. A few studies were conducted investigating suicidality amid the first wave of the pandemic in Bangladesh, but none of these studies explored the predictive role of the suicidality-related factors (eg, behavior and health-related variables, COVID-19 risk, fear of COVID-19). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidality and the predictive models explaining suicidality variance among Bangladeshi young adults during the second wave of the pandemic. METHODS An online-based cross-sectional survey was conducted during the second wave of the pandemic (between 1 and 13 April 2021; a year after the pandemic's inception in the country). The survey questionnaire collected information on socio-demographics, behavior and health-related variables, COVID-19 risk, fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and suicidality. A total of 756 data were analyzed (male 59%; mean age 22.24 ±4.39 years), and hierarchical regression was performed considering suicidality as the dependent variable. A p-value <0.05 was set to be statistically significant with a 95% of confidence interval. RESULTS About 8.2% reported having at least suicidal thoughts within the pandemic inception to survey time (one-year suicidal ideation). More specifically, 7.40% had only suicidal ideation, whereas 0.10% planned for suicide, 0.70% attempted suicide. None of the socio-demographic variables was significantly associated with suicidality. Taking drugs, performing less physical activity, poor self-reporting health condition, being comorbid, being at higher COVID-19 risk, having fear of COVID-19 infection, and suffering from depression and anxiety were significantly associated with a higher risk of suicidality. However, the final model including all of the studied variables explained a 17.1% (F=8.245, p<0.001) variance in terms of suicidality. CONCLUSION Although this study reported a lower severity of suicidality than prior Bangladeshi studies conducted during the first wave of the pandemic, a portion of people are still at risk of suicide and they should be given attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj al Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Abidur Rahman
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Ahsanul Mahbub Jubayar
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Zeba Maliha
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical College, Faridpur, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Hasnat Abdullah
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abedin Sarker
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Humayun Kabir
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science & Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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32
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Fränkl E, Scarpelli S, Nadorff MR, Bjorvatn B, Bolstad CJ, Chan NY, Chung F, Dauvilliers Y, Espie CA, Inoue Y, Leger D, Macêdo T, Matsui K, Merikanto I, Morin CM, Mota-Rolim S, Partinen M, Penzel T, Plazzi G, Sieminski M, Wing YK, De Gennaro L, Holzinger B. How our Dreams Changed During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects and Correlates of Dream Recall Frequency - a Multinational Study on 19,355 Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1573-1591. [PMID: 34588830 PMCID: PMC8473566 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s324142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many have reported odd dreams during the pandemic. Given that dreams are associated with mental health, understanding these changes could provide crucial information about wellbeing during the pandemic. This study explored associations between COVID-19 and dream recall frequency (DRF), and related social, health, and mental health factors. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional web survey of 19,355 individuals in 14 countries from May to July 2020. We collected data on COVID-19, mental health, sleep and DRF during the pandemic. We performed McNemar Tests to compare low (<3 nights per week) and high DRF (≥3 nights per week) before and during COVID-19 and to evaluate changes in sleep variables segmented by DRF. Chi-square tests were conducted to compare characteristics between low and high DRF. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between various independent variables and DRF. RESULTS Reports of high DRF during the pandemic were higher than before the pandemic (P<0.001). Female gender (aOR=1.25, 95% CI 1.10-1.41), nightmares (aOR=4.22, 95% CI 3.45-5.17), sleep talking (aOR= 2.36, 1.73-3.23), sleep maintenance problems (aOR=1.34, 95% CI 1.15-1.56), symptoms of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD; aOR=1.24, 95% CI 1.09-1.41) and repeated disturbing thoughts (posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms) were associated with high DRF. Age group 55-64 years (aOR=0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.83) reported less high DRF than younger participants. Unadjusted OR showed associations between depression, anxiety, and DRF; however, in adjusted regression depression (aOR= 0.71, 0.59-0.86) and anxiety (aOR=0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.94) were negatively associated with high DRF. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE DRF was higher than pre-pandemic levels across four continents. DRF was associated with gender and parasomnias like nightmares and RBD symptoms, sleep maintenance problems, PTSD symptoms and negatively associated with depression and anxiety. The results implicate that COVID-19 is reflected in our dreams as an expression of the emotional intensity of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirin Fränkl
- Institute for Consciousness and Dream Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael R Nadorff
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, and Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Frances Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Colin A Espie
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Damien Leger
- Université de Paris, VIFASOM (EA 7331 Vigilance Fatigue, Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France
- APHP, Hotel-Dieu de Paris, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Tainá Macêdo
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kentaro Matsui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Sleep Well Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles M Morin
- École de Psychologie, Centre d’étude des troubles du sommeil, Centre de recherche CERVO/Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sérgio Mota-Rolim
- Brain Institute, Physiology and Behavior Department, and Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Markku Partinen
- Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Terveystalo Healthcare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Sleep Medicine Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mariusz Sieminski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Brigitte Holzinger
- Institute for Consciousness and Dream Research, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University Vienna, ZK-Schlafcoaching, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Petersen JM, Kemps E, Lewis LK, Prichard I. Promoting physical activity during the COVID-19 lockdown in Australia: The roles of psychological predictors and commercial physical activity apps. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2021; 56:102002. [PMID: 36567740 PMCID: PMC9760112 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity confers many physical and mental health benefits. Thus, it is of great concern that the COVID-19 lockdown has adversely impacted engagement in physical activity. There is a need to understand the factors linked to physical activity during COVID-19 as this will be fundamental to the development of innovative approaches to support engagement in physical activity during a pandemic. This study aimed to ascertain the psychological and mental health predictors of physical activity during the COVID-19 lockdown. We also examined the value of harnessing commercial physical activity apps to facilitate physical activity during a pandemic. METHOD A nationwide online survey was completed by 408 Australian adults (Mage = 35.7 ± 13.9 years, 86.0% female) following the initial COVID-19 lockdown (April/May 2020). The survey incorporated measures that retrospectively assessed physical activity (and perceived changes in physical activity behaviour), psychological constructs (social support, self-efficacy, self-determined motivations), mental health, and engagement with commercial physical activity apps during the lockdown. RESULTS Over half of participants (53.4%) reported a reduction in physical activity during the initial COVID-19 lockdown, with markedly fewer (23.8%) reporting an increase in physical activity. App use (β = .09, p = .027), social support (β = .10, p = .021), self-efficacy (β = .42, p < .001), and identified regulation (β = .25, p < .001) emerged as important predictors of physical activity engagement (min/week). Self-efficacy (OR = 4.2, p < .001) was also associated with a greater likelihood of perceived positive changes (increases) in physical activity. The relationship between app use and physical activity was mediated by self-efficacy (β = 0.10 [0.06, 0.15]) and identified regulation (β = 0.09 [0.04, 0.15]); self-efficacy (β = 0.15, [0.09, 0.21]) also mediated the relationship between app use and positive changes in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative that interventions targeted at increasing social support, self-efficacy, and autonomous motivations are developed and utilised to support engagement in physical activity during a pandemic. Commercial physical activity apps demonstrate the potential to mitigate reductions in physical activity during a pandemic, and thus the use of these apps should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Petersen
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- SHAPE Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eva Kemps
- Psychology, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lucy K Lewis
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- SHAPE Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ivanka Prichard
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- SHAPE Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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34
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d’Angelo D, Chirico A, Sacchettino L, Manunta F, Martucci M, Cestaro A, Avallone L, Giordano A, Ciani F. Human-Dog Relationship during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2335. [PMID: 34438792 PMCID: PMC8388750 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV2 pandemic forced an abrupt interruption of social contacts and interpersonal affective relationships all over the world, according to national directives. Many considerable inconveniences occurred with important repercussions also on the emotional state of people and their pets. We carried out a national survey to evaluate the human-dog relationship in a social isolation context using an adapted version of Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale, the perception of the dogs' discomfort by their human owners, and the resilience of the dog through the quantification of symptoms, in time of the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results highlighted that the human-dog interaction was similar during quarantine; however, there was lower owner's perception of a dog's cost during the quarantine than before it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila d’Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (D.d.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Sacchettino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (D.d.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Federica Manunta
- Veterinary Behavior and Consulting Service at “Free Interdisciplinary Italian Dog Academy” (LAICI), 25126 Brescia, Italy;
| | | | - Anna Cestaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (D.d.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (D.d.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (D.d.); (L.S.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (F.C.)
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35
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Jadil Y, Ouzir M. Exploring the predictors of health-protective behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country comparison. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111376. [PMID: 34043969 PMCID: PMC9750228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, examining the determinants of health behaviors on a multi-country level remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the key factors that may enhance the adoption of health-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco and India. A theoretical framework derived from the health belief model (HBM) was used for this research. Data was collected from a sample of 444 adult individuals split across Morocco (n = 215) and India (n = 229). Data analysis was carried out using two-stage multiple-analytic techniques. First, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. Second, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was employed to rank the significant independent variables obtained from SEM analysis. The results of SEM showed that perceived benefit is the key predictor of the protective behavior in Morocco, followed by self-efficacy, and then perceived severity. By contrast, ANN analysis showed that perceived severity was the most vital factor for predicting the protective behavior in Morocco, followed by perceived benefits, and then self-efficacy. For the Indian sample, both SEM analysis and the ANN model revealed that the impact of perceived susceptibility on the adoption of the protective measure is stronger than that of cues to action. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are also discussed toward the end.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mounir Ouzir
- Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
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36
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Jang D, Kim I, Kwon S. Motivation and Intention Toward Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From Integrated Model of Self-Determination and Planned Behavior Theories. Front Psychol 2021; 12:714865. [PMID: 34393954 PMCID: PMC8358808 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.714865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In attempts to hinder the spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries have continued distancing, isolation, and quarantine measures, which has led to limited opportunity of physical activity. This study provides empirical support for a motivational process behind physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic by testing the influence of psychosocial variables derived from the integrated model of self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Korean adults (N = 248). Participants completed the measures of SDT and TPB constructs modified to reflect their participation in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample size of 243 participants was employed, and the integrated model was tested using serial multiple mediation analysis to check the hypothesized relationships. Results: Findings indicated that in the COVID-19 context, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs positively predicts the level of self-determined motivations for physical activity, which is partially related to the level of social cognitive beliefs and intentions. The findings also demonstrated that attitude toward physical activity during COVID-19 was a major variable explaining the serial multiple relationships between the SDT and TPB constructs. The potential influence of demographics (gender, age, marital status, and past physical activity) was controlled as a covariate, and no significant effects were identified. Conclusion: The current study identified the psychosocial mechanisms of intention of South Koreans' physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could be used as an empirical basis for the development of interventions to maintain or strengthen physical activity in unprecedented situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dojin Jang
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inwoo Kim
- Department of Sports Culture, College of the Arts, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungho Kwon
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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37
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Jalal SM, Beth MRM, Al-Hassan HJM, Alshealah NMJ. Body Mass Index, Practice of Physical Activity and Lifestyle of Students During COVID-19 Lockdown. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1901-1910. [PMID: 34321887 PMCID: PMC8311005 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s325269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several factors influence the student’s physical activity and lifestyle. The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) lockdown has restricted student’s activity and altered their routine lifestyle. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the significant changes in body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and lifestyle of the students including diet, sleep, and mental health before and during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods The study participants were 628 students studying bachelor’s degree programs, between 18 and 30 years of age, both genders from the university of Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The lockdown began on 23 March and ended on 21 June 2020 in Saudi Arabia. The students were interviewed before (March 2020) and during (June 2020) lockdown. The structured tool included baseline information of the students, anthropometric data, global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), dietary recall, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and perceived stress scale (PSP). Chi-square tests were used to associate the baseline information with BMI changes during the lockdown. Results BMI of the students showed that 32% increased their weight, 22% lost their weight and 46% maintained the same weight during COVID-19 lockdown. The physical activity significantly decreased and sedentary time increased (p = 0.0001). Regarding the lifestyle components, fast and fried food consumption decreased, and calorie intake increased significantly (p = 0.001). Stress level (p = 0.001) significantly decreased, and sleep level (p = 0.001) increased during lockdown. The variables associated with weight changes were the level of students (p < 0.05) and time spent on social media per day (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Though half of the students maintained the same BMI during the lockdown, students who increased BMI were associated with physical activity and lifestyle. Hence, health awareness on weight maintenance, active physical activities, and a healthy lifestyle must be created among the students, which help in creating and implementing policies in the future. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/aBhTIfvT-0o
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahbanathul Missiriya Jalal
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mini Rani Mary Beth
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nuriya Mousa Jafar Alshealah
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Lima G, Muniz-Pardos B, Kolliari-Turner A, Hamilton B, Guppy FM, Grivas G, Bosch A, Borrione P, DI Gianfrancesco A, Fossati C, Pigozzi F, Pitsiladis Y. Anti-doping and other sport integrity challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1173-1183. [PMID: 34256541 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had an unprecedent impact on the world of sport and society at large. Many of the challenges with respect to integrity previously facing competitive sport have been accentuated further during the pandemic. Threats to the integrity of sporting competition include traditional doping, issues of technological fairness, and integration of transgender and intersex athletes in elite sport. The enforced lull in competitive sport provides an unprecedented opportunity for stakeholders in sport to focus on unresolved integrity issues and develop and implement long-lasting solutions. There needs to be a concerted effort to focus on the many technological innovations accelerated by and perfected during COVID-19 that have enabled us to work from home, such as teaching students on-line, applications for medical advice, prescriptions and referrals, and treating patients in hospitals/care homes via video links and use these developments and innovations to enhance sport integrity and anti-doping procedures. Positive sports integrity actions will require a considered application of all such technology, as well as the inclusion of "omics" technology, big data, bioinformatics and machine learning/artificial intelligence approaches to modernize sport. Applications include protecting the health of athletes, considered non-discriminative integration of athletes into elite sport, intelligent remote testing to improve the frequency of anti-doping tests, detection windows, and the potential combination with omics technology to improve the tests' sensitivity and specificity in order to protect clean athletes and deter doping practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giscard Lima
- Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Centre for Stress and Age Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Borja Muniz-Pardos
- GENUD Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Blair Hamilton
- Centre for Stress and Age Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Fergus M Guppy
- Centre for Stress and Age Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Gerasimos Grivas
- Division of Humanities and Political Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Andrew Bosch
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,NADO Italia, National Antidoping Organization, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia DI Gianfrancesco
- Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,NADO Italia, National Antidoping Organization, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,NADO Italia, National Antidoping Organization, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy - .,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Centre for Stress and Age Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
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39
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Bird JM, Karageorghis CI, Hamer M. Relationships among behavioural regulations, physical activity, and mental health pre- and during COVID-19 UK lockdown. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2021; 55:101945. [PMID: 34518758 PMCID: PMC8425532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A nationwide survey was conducted during the first UK lockdown to further understanding of the degree to which motives for exercise were associated with physical activity (PA) behaviours and, in turn, how PA behaviours were associated with mental health. A cross-sectional design was employed and data were collected by use of a one-off online survey (N = 392; 18-85 years; M BMI = 25.48; SD BMI = 5.05; 314 women). Exercise motives, PA, and mental health were measured by use of the Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-3, Brunel Lifestyle Physical Activity Questionnaire, and General Health Questionnaire-12, respectively. Participants were also asked to specify their average step count per day, if they used a mobile device for this purpose (n = 190). Analyses comprised hierarchical regressions and partial correlations. Results indicated that behavioural regulations were more strongly associated with planned PA pre-lockdown, compared to during lockdown. There were no differences observed in explained variance between pre- and during lockdown for unplanned PA and steps per day. Planned and unplanned PA were significant explanatory variables for mental health both pre- and during lockdown, but sedentary behaviour was not. Partial correlations, with BMI and age partialled out, showed that steps per day were not correlated with mental health either pre- or during lockdown. The range of variables used to explain planned and unplanned PA and mental health suggest that people's motives to exercise were tempered by lockdown. For those who routinely measured their steps per day, the step count was unrelated to their mental health scores both pre- and during lockdown. It appears that engagement in regular PA confers some minor benefits for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Bird
- Department of Science, Innovation, Technology, and Entrepreneurship, University of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Research Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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40
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LA Torre A, Vitale JA, Codella R, Filipa S L. Road to Tokyo 2020: has this atypical 5-year Olympic cycle represented an opportunity? J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1039-1041. [PMID: 34156182 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio LA Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - .,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy -
| | | | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Filipa S
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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41
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Testing the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model during the COVID-19 Pandemic, with Partial Least Squares Second-Order Latent Constructs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126398. [PMID: 34199185 PMCID: PMC8296221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We tested the Youth Physical Activity Promotion (YPAP) framework on Romanian students in order to identify actionable determinants to support participation in physical activity. Our sample consisted of 665 responses to an online survey, with participants aged 18-23 (mean = 19 years); 70% were women. We used the partial least squares algorithm to estimate the relationships between students' behavior and possible predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results indicate that all the theoretical dimensions of YPAP (predisposing, enabling and reinforcing) have a positive and significant impact on physical activity, with two mediating mechanisms expressed as predisposing factors: able and worth. Unlike previous research, we used second-order latent constructs, unveiling a particular structure for the enabling dimension that only includes sport competence, fitness and skills, but not the environmental factors.
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42
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Physical Activity during COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126416. [PMID: 34199286 PMCID: PMC8296244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a general lockdown in Italy, one of the most affected countries at the beginning of the outbreak, between 9 March and 3 May 2020. As a consequence, Italian citizens were confined at home for almost two months, an unprecedented situation, which could have negative effects on both psychological and physical health. The aim of this study was to review the published papers concerning the effects of the lockdown on physical activity and the consequences on general health. As expected, most studies highlighted a significant reduction in the amount of performed physical activity compared to before lockdown, in both the general population and in individuals with chronic conditions. This fact had negative consequences on both general health, in terms of increased body mass, and on specific chronic conditions, especially obesity and neurological diseases.
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Changes in physical activity levels, eating habits and psychological well-being during the Italian COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: Impact of socio-demographic factors on the Florentine academic population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252395. [PMID: 34043739 PMCID: PMC8159001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The confinement and lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic have produced restrictions in the lifestyle of Italian citizens with variations in their psychological well-being. The aim of the study was to identify changes and relationship with socio-demographic parameters. An online survey was administered to 1383 subjects (1007 females and 307 males) working in the University of Florence, Italy. Three validated questionnaires were used for the survey: the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Med Diet Score and the Psychological General Well-Being Index-A. All the subjects were asked to complete the questionnaires twice, in order to attain a picture of the habits before and a later time point during confinement. Our results show that work-related physical activity was decreased, along with an increase in sedentary behaviour (from 07:22±03:20 to 08:49±03:41 h:min; p<0.001, ES = 0.38), whereas recreational physical activity was increased (vigorous exercise varied from 568.5 ± 838.6 to 833.7 ± 1263.0 METs; p<0.002, ES = 0.25). Eating habits changed according to the place where meals were eaten, with an increased habit for breakfast and snacks and a slight increase in alcohol consumption. Psychological well-being decreased (Index from 21.4±3.9 to 18.0±5.3; p<0.001, ES = 0.723), especially in terms of vitality and positive thinking. The socio-demographic variables affecting these variations were mostly represented by age, gender and working conditions: young age and self-employment conditions can be considered factors for the changes in daily habits induced by confinement that may affect psychological well-being.
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Jaenes Sánchez JC, Alarcón Rubio D, Trujillo M, Peñaloza Gómez R, Mehrsafar AH, Chirico A, Giancamilli F, Lucidi F. Emotional Reactions and Adaptation to COVID-19 Lockdown (or Confinement) by Spanish Competitive Athletes: Some Lesson for the Future. Front Psychol 2021; 12:621606. [PMID: 34122217 PMCID: PMC8187575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Covid 19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has produced terrible effects in the world economy and is shaking social and political stability around the world. The world of sport has obviously been severely affected by the pandemic, as authorities progressively canceled all level of competitions, including the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. In Spain, the initial government-lockdown closed the Sports High-performance Centers, and many other sports facilities. In order to support athlete's health and performance at crises like these, an online questionnaire named RECOVID-19, was designed to assess how athletes were living their lives during such periods of home confinement. The main purpose of the questionnaire was to assess the impact of prolongued confinement on athlete's psychological, emotional, and behavioral performance. One thousand, two hundred forty-eight athletes participated in the survey. They had the fllowing characteristics: (Mean age = 22.31 ± 11.49, Female: 53%), who compete at National (N: 1017, Mean age = 21.58 ± 11.42, Female: 52%) and International level (N: 231, Mean age = 25.56 ± 11.22, Female: 57%). Results showed that during the confinement period, those athletes who lacked motivation reported a higher level of stressful thoughts, more behavioral problems, and greater emotional upheaval (anger, fatigue, tension, and depression). However, those athletes who accepted confinement measures as necessary, and were in favor of respecting the rules of social isolation, fostered positive emotional states such as feelings of friendship. In addition, the availability of some sport equipment together with the ability to continue some training, were (1) protective factors against emotional stress, lack of motivation and behavioral problems; and (2) they were associated with greater respect for, and adherence to, confinement rules. Gender differences, tested by multigroup analysis, revealed that coping activities were more often associated to negative emotional states among women, whereas the ongoing availability of training information and future conditions were equally protective factors for both genders. This study also showed that receiving coaching, support and completing frequent training routines seem to be valuable tools to prevent or reduce some of the harmful effects of isolation on athlete's emotional well-being. The conclusions derived from this research would possibly help sport authorities to design supporting policies and plans to support athletes and trainers in future disruptive health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Jaenes Sánchez
- Department of Social Anthropology, Basic Psychology and Public Health, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Andalusian Center of Sport Medicine (CAMD), Seville, Spain
| | - David Alarcón Rubio
- Department of Social Anthropology, Basic Psychology and Public Health, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Trujillo
- School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rafael Peñaloza Gómez
- Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amir Hossien Mehrsafar
- Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Giancamilli
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
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45
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Codella R, Chirico A, Lucidi F, Ferrulli A, La Torre A, Luzi L. The immune-modulatory effects of exercise should be favorably harnessed against COVID-19. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1119-1122. [PMID: 32885340 PMCID: PMC7471548 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate (Milano), 20090, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ferrulli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate (Milano), 20090, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - A La Torre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate (Milano), 20090, Milan, Italy
- IRCCSIstituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - L Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate (Milano), 20090, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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46
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da Silva Santos AM, Rossi FE, Dos Santos Nunes de Moura HP, de Sousa Junior AVM, Machado DCD, Neves LM, Brito AS, Moura P, Monteiro PA, Freitas Junior IF, Dos Santos MAP, Ribeiro SLG. COVID-19 pandemic impacts physical activity levels and sedentary time but not sleep quality in young badminton athletes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 17:969-977. [PMID: 33903803 PMCID: PMC8059427 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Regular physical activity is a good strategy to maintain the health of athletes, and prevent pain and decreased joint flexibility during the pandemic. On the other hand, higher sedentary time during the pandemic period can have deleterious effects. The objective of this study was to compare physical activity levels, sedentary time, and sleep parameters during the pre-COVID period and the COVID-19 pandemic period in young badminton athletes. Methods Fifteen young badminton athletes were evaluated during a pre-COVID period (July 2019) and during the COVID-19 period (July 2020). Sleep parameters, physical activity level, and sedentary time were measured using a tri-axial accelerometer. Participants wore the accelerometer on their dominant wrist for 7 days consecutively. In addition, the average of each sleep parameter [time in bed and total sleep time in hours per day, sleep efficiency (%), wake after sleep onset (WASO, total per day), and sleep latency (minutes per day)] was reported over the 7-day period. Results Athletes presented increased sedentary time (pre-COVID = 7.0 ± 1.1 vs.COVID-19 = 8.9 ± 1.9 h/day, p = 0.004, d = 1.30) and significant decreases in the total PA observed in counts per day (pre-COVID = 2,967,064.4 ± 671,544.1 vs. COVID-19 = 1,868,210.2 ± 449,768.4 counts/day, p = 0.001, d = 1.99), time in vigorous PA (pre-COVID = 7.7 ± 0.9 vs. COVID-19 = 6.1 ± 1.2 h/day, p = 0.001, d = 1.56), and time in moderate-to-vigorous PA (pre-COVID = 8.1 ± 0.9 vs. COVID-19 = 6.5 ± 1.3 h/day, p = 0.001, d = 1.48). There were no significant differences for time in light and moderate PA or in sleep parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusion Young badminton athletes presented increased sedentary time, and decreased total physical activity, time in MVPA, and time in vigorous activities during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVID period, however, there were no significant differences in sleep parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arilene Maria da Silva Santos
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, Teresina, PI 64049-550 Brazil
| | - Fabrício Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, Teresina, PI 64049-550 Brazil
| | - Helton Pereira Dos Santos Nunes de Moura
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, Teresina, PI 64049-550 Brazil
| | - Antonio Valdeci Marreiro de Sousa Junior
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, Teresina, PI 64049-550 Brazil
| | - Dionis C D Machado
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, Teresina, PI 64049-550 Brazil
| | - Lucas Melo Neves
- Department of Psychiatry, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil and Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldeni Silva Brito
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, Teresina, PI 64049-550 Brazil
| | - Pedro Moura
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, Teresina, PI 64049-550 Brazil
| | - Paula Alves Monteiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil and Bipolar Disorder Program (PROMAN), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ismael Forte Freitas Junior
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Luiz Galan Ribeiro
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Ministro Petrônio Portella" Campus, Teresina, PI 64049-550 Brazil
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Aegerter AM, Deforth M, Sjøgaard G, Johnston V, Volken T, Luomajoki H, Dratva J, Dressel H, Distler O, Melloh M, Elfering A. No Evidence for a Decrease in Physical Activity Among Swiss Office Workers During COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:620307. [PMID: 33688857 PMCID: PMC7928288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.620307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 lockdown interrupted normal daily activities, which may have led to an increase in sedentary behavior (Castelnuovo et al., 2020). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of physical activity among Swiss office workers. METHODS Office workers from two Swiss organizations, aged 18-65 years, were included. Baseline data from January 2020 before the COVID-19 pandemic became effective in Switzerland were compared with follow-up data during the lockdown phase in April 2020. Levels of physical activity were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Paired sample t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS Data from 76 participants were analyzed. Fifty-four participants were female (71.1%). The mean age was 42.7 years (range from 21.8 to 62.7) at baseline. About 75% of the participants met the recommendations on minimal physical activity, both before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the lockdown. Weak statistical evidence for a decline in total physical activity in metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week (MET min/week) was found (estimate = -292, 95% CI from - ∞ to 74, p-value = 0.09), with no evidence for a decrease in the three types of activity: walking (estimate = -189, 95% CI from - ∞ to 100, p-value = 0.28), moderate-intensity activity (estimate = -200, 95% CI from - ∞ to 30, p-value = 0.22) and vigorous-intensity activity (estimate = 80, 95% CI from - ∞ to 460, p-value = 0.74). Across the three categories "high," "moderate," and "low" physical activity, 17% of the participants became less active during the lockdown while 29% became more active. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic did not result in a reduction in total physical activity levels among a sample of Swiss office workers during the first weeks of lockdown. Improved work-life balance and working times may have contributed to this finding. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04169646. Registered 15 November 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04169646.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martina Aegerter
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Manja Deforth
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Gisela Sjøgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Venerina Johnston
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Volken
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Hannu Luomajoki
- Institute of Physiotherapy, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Julia Dratva
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Holger Dressel
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Melloh
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Achim Elfering
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Katsumata Y, Sano M, Okawara H, Sawada T, Nakashima D, Ichihara G, Fukuda K, Sato K, Kobayashi E. Laminar flow ventilation system to prevent airborne infection during exercise in the COVID-19 crisis: A single-center observational study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257549. [PMID: 34758032 PMCID: PMC8580245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate generation occurs during exercise-induced exhalation, and research on this topic is scarce. Moreover, infection-control measures are inadequately implemented to avoid particulate generation. A laminar airflow ventilation system (LFVS) was developed to remove respiratory droplets released during treadmill exercise. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the number of aerosols during training on a treadmill and exercise intensity and to elucidate the effect of the LFVS on aerosol removal during anaerobic exercise. In this single-center observational study, the exercise tests were performed on a treadmill at Running Science Lab in Japan on 20 healthy subjects (age: 29±12 years, men: 80%). The subjects had a broad spectrum of aerobic capacities and fitness levels, including athletes, and had no comorbidities. All of them received no medication. The exercise intensity was increased by 1-km/h increments until the heart rate reached 85% of the expected maximum rate and then maintained for 10 min. The first 10 subjects were analyzed to examine whether exercise increased the concentration of airborne particulates in the exhaled air. For the remaining 10 subjects, the LFVS was activated during constant-load exercise to compare the number of respiratory droplets before and after LFVS use. During exercise, a steady amount of particulates before the lactate threshold (LT) was followed by a significant and gradual increase in respiratory droplets after the LT, particularly during anaerobic exercise. Furthermore, respiratory droplets ≥0.3 μm significantly decreased after using LFVS (2120800±759700 vs. 560 ± 170, p<0.001). The amount of respiratory droplets significantly increased after LT. The LFVS enabled a significant decrease in respiratory droplets during anaerobic exercise in healthy subjects. This study's findings will aid in exercising safely during this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Katsumata
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okawara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Sawada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genki Ichihara
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Vitale JA, Bonato M, Borghi S, Messina C, Albano D, Corbetta S, Sconfienza LM, Banfi G. Home-Based Resistance Training for Older Subjects during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Preliminary Results of a Six-Months RCT. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9533. [PMID: 33352676 PMCID: PMC7767132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month home-based resistance-training program on muscle health and physical performance in healthy older subjects during the unique condition of home confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This was a randomized-controlled study that enrolled older participants that were allocated to either an experimental group performing the six-months exercise prescription (EXE) or a control group (CON). At the beginning (PRE), and after 6 months (POST), participants were assessed for muscle strength, balance, gait assessment and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Normality distribution of data was checked with the D'Agostino and Pearson test and changes between PRE and POST were assessed by paired Student's t-test while percentage and absolute changes between groups at POST were tested by unpaired t-test. RESULTS Nine participants were included for the final analysis: EXE, n = 5 (age: 66 ± 4; BMI: 27.5 ± 3.7) and CON, n = 4 (age: 71 ± 9; BMI: 24.2 ± 4.1). Significant PRE-to-POST changes were observed in the EXE group only in the chair-stand test (+19.8%, p = 0.048 and ES:1.0, moderate) and in total fat mass (+5.0%, p = 0.035 and ES:1.4, large) with no between-group differences. Moreover, EXE had significantly higher absolute thigh CSA values than CON at POST (14.138 ± 2977 vs. 9039 ± 1015, p = 0.0178, ES = 1.7). No other within- and between-group differences were detected. CONCLUSIONS The home-based resistance-training program during the lockdown period, caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, determined only within-group improvement in lower limb muscle strength but not in muscle mass and composition in older subjects. Home confinement may partially explain the increase in total body fat due to a reduced daily PA regime and altered diet pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Antonino Vitale
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Matteo Bonato
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Stefano Borghi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Messina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Domenico Albano
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Sezione di Scienze Radiologiche, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maria Sconfienza
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (S.C.); (L.M.S.); (G.B.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Spence JC, Rhodes RE, McCurdy A, Mangan A, Hopkins D, Mummery WK. Determinants of physical activity among adults in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic: The DUK-COVID study. Br J Health Psychol 2020; 26:588-605. [PMID: 33336562 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the physical activity (PA) of UK adults and potential motivational determinants of such behaviour. Design and methods A survey was conducted with 1,521 UK adults recruited through Prolific.co in early June 2020. Along with demographic information, questions assessed current PA, changes in PA modalities (i.e., overall, around the home, for transport, in the workplace, in the local neighbourhood, at recreation/sport facilities) related to the lockdown, and beliefs about capabilities, opportunities, and motivations according to the COM-B model. A series of logistic regressions were constructed to examine associations between shifts in the PA modalities and the COM-B components. Results The majority of respondents (57%) had either maintained or increased their levels of PA during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, the proportion meeting PA guidelines (31%) was low and engagement in sedentary-related behaviour for both work and leisure increased substantially during the lockdown. The components of the COM-B model were associated with shifts in PA. In particular, physical opportunity (odds ratios ranging from 1.14 to 1.20) and reflective motivation (odds ratios ranging from 1.11 to 1.25) appeared to be the most consistent predictors of behaviour. Conclusions If UK adults believed they had the physical opportunity and were motivated, they were more likely to have maintained or increased their PA during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, the majority of adults are not meeting the UK guidelines on PA and the prevalence of PA is substantially lower than national surveys prior to the pandemic. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the daily routines of citizens globally. Engagement in physical activity appears to have declined as a result of the requirement to self-isolate and stay in place. The COM-B model of behaviour change is a useful framework for identifying the correlates and determinants of behaviour. What does this study add? Though most UK adults maintained or increased their engagement in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority did not meet recommended guidelines. Reflective processes and physical opportunity were the primary predictors of change in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley McCurdy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amie Mangan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Debbie Hopkins
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK
| | - W Kerry Mummery
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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