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Biondi M, Marino M, Mantini D, Spironelli C. Unveiling altered connectivity between cognitive networks and cerebellum in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:47-58. [PMID: 39013344 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive functioning is a crucial aspect in schizophrenia (SZ), and when altered it has devastating effects on patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes. Several studies suggested that they could result from altered communication between the cortex and cerebellum. However, the neural correlates underlying these impairments have not been identified. In this study, we investigated resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in SZ patients, by considering the interactions between cortical networks supporting cognition and cerebellum. In addition, we investigated the relationship between SZ patients' rsFC and their symptoms. We used fMRI data from 74 SZ patients and 74 matched healthy controls (HC) downloaded from the publicly available database SchizConnect. We implemented a seed-based connectivity approach to identify altered functional connections between specific cortical networks and cerebellum. We considered ten commonly studied resting state networks, whose functioning encompasses specific cognitive functions, and the cerebellum, whose involvement in supporting cognition has been recently identified. We then explored the relationship between altered rsFC values and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. The SZ group showed increased connectivity values compared with HC group for cortical networks involved in attentive processes, which were also linked to PANSS items describing attention and language-related processing. We also showed decreased connectivity between cerebellar regions, and increased connectivity between them and attentive networks, suggesting the contribution of cerebellum to attentive and affective deficits. In conclusion, our findings highlighted the link between negative symptoms in SZ and altered connectivity within the cerebellum and between the same and cortical networks supporting cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Marino
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy; Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dante Mantini
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chiara Spironelli
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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2
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Chen J, Benedyk A, Moldavski A, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Braun U, Durstewitz D, Koppe G, Schwarz E. Quantifying brain-functional dynamics using deep dynamical systems: Technical considerations. iScience 2024; 27:110545. [PMID: 39165842 PMCID: PMC11334782 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Both mental health and mental illness unfold in complex and unpredictable ways. Novel artificial intelligence approaches from the area of dynamical systems reconstruction can characterize such dynamics and help understand the underlying brain mechanisms, which can also be used as potential biomarkers. However, applying deep learning to model dynamical systems at the individual level must overcome numerous computational challenges to be reproducible and clinically useful. In this study, we performed an extensive analysis of these challenges using generative modeling of brain dynamics from fMRI data as an example and demonstrated their impact on classifying patients with schizophrenia and major depression. This study highlights the tendency of deep learning models to identify functionally unique solutions during parameter optimization, which severely impacts the reproducibility of downstream predictions. We hope this study guides the future development of individual-level generative models and similar machine learning approaches aimed at identifying reproducible biomarkers of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chen
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, M7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anastasia Benedyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Moldavski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, M7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, M7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Durstewitz
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georgia Koppe
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, M7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, M7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
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3
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Iraji A, Chen J, Lewis N, Faghiri A, Fu Z, Agcaoglu O, Kochunov P, Adhikari BM, Mathalon DH, Pearlson GD, Macciardi F, Preda A, van Erp TGM, Bustillo JR, Díaz-Caneja CM, Andrés-Camazón P, Dhamala M, Adali T, Calhoun VD. Spatial Dynamic Subspaces Encode Sex-Specific Schizophrenia Disruptions in Transient Network Overlap and Their Links to Genetic Risk. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:188-197. [PMID: 38070846 PMCID: PMC11156799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia research reveals sex differences in incidence, symptoms, genetic risk factors, and brain function. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding sex-specific schizophrenia alterations in brain function. Schizophrenia is considered a dysconnectivity syndrome, but the dynamic integration and segregation of brain networks are poorly understood. Recent advances in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging allow us to study spatial dynamics, the phenomenon of brain networks spatially evolving over time. Nevertheless, estimating time-resolved networks remains challenging due to low signal-to-noise ratio, limited short-time information, and uncertain network identification. METHODS We adapted a reference-informed network estimation technique to capture time-resolved networks and their dynamic spatial integration and segregation for 193 individuals with schizophrenia and 315 control participants. We focused on time-resolved spatial functional network connectivity, an estimate of network spatial coupling, to study sex-specific alterations in schizophrenia and their links to genomic data. RESULTS Our findings are consistent with the dysconnectivity and neurodevelopment hypotheses and with the cerebello-thalamo-cortical, triple-network, and frontoparietal dysconnectivity models, helping to unify them. The potential unification offers a new understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Notably, the posterior default mode/salience spatial functional network connectivity exhibits sex-specific schizophrenia alteration during the state with the highest global network integration and is correlated with genetic risk for schizophrenia. This dysfunction is reflected in regions with weak functional connectivity to corresponding networks. CONCLUSIONS Our method can effectively capture spatially dynamic networks, detect nuanced schizophrenia effects including sex-specific ones, and reveal the intricate relationship of dynamic information to genomic data. The results also underscore the clinical potential of dynamic spatial dependence and weak connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Noah Lewis
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashkan Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Oktay Agcaoglu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Andrés-Camazón
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mukesh Dhamala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tulay Adali
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Sun H, Liu N, Qiu C, Tao B, Yang C, Tang B, Li H, Zhan K, Cai C, Zhang W, Lui S. Applications of MRI in Schizophrenia: Current Progress in Establishing Clinical Utility. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38946400 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that significantly impacts the lives of affected individuals and with increasing mortality rates. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes but the lack of validated biomarkers poses great challenges in such efforts. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in schizophrenia enables the investigation of the disorder's etiological and neuropathological substrates in vivo. After decades of research, promising findings of MRI have been shown to aid in screening high-risk individuals and predicting illness onset, and predicting symptoms and treatment outcomes of schizophrenia. The integration of machine learning and deep learning techniques makes it possible to develop intelligent diagnostic and prognostic tools with extracted or selected imaging features. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of current progress and prospects in establishing clinical utility of MRI in schizophrenia. We first provided an overview of MRI findings of brain abnormalities that might underpin the symptoms or treatment response process in schizophrenia patients. Then, we summarized the ongoing efforts in the computer-aided utility of MRI in schizophrenia and discussed the gap between MRI research findings and real-world applications. Finally, promising pathways to promote clinical translation were provided. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Biqiu Tang
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Kongcai Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Zigong Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Zigong Psychiatric Research Center, Zigong, China
| | - Chunxian Cai
- Department of Radiology, the Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, and Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Vieira S, Bolton TAW, Schöttner M, Baecker L, Marquand A, Mechelli A, Hagmann P. Multivariate brain-behaviour associations in psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:231. [PMID: 38824172 PMCID: PMC11144193 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mapping brain-behaviour associations is paramount to understand and treat psychiatric disorders. Standard approaches involve investigating the association between one brain and one behavioural variable (univariate) or multiple variables against one brain/behaviour feature ('single' multivariate). Recently, large multimodal datasets have propelled a new wave of studies that leverage on 'doubly' multivariate approaches capable of parsing the multifaceted nature of both brain and behaviour simultaneously. Within this movement, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and partial least squares (PLS) emerge as the most popular techniques. Both seek to capture shared information between brain and behaviour in the form of latent variables. We provide an overview of these methods, review the literature in psychiatric disorders, and discuss the main challenges from a predictive modelling perspective. We identified 39 studies across four diagnostic groups: attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD, k = 4, N = 569), autism spectrum disorders (ASD, k = 6, N = 1731), major depressive disorder (MDD, k = 5, N = 938), psychosis spectrum disorders (PSD, k = 13, N = 1150) and one transdiagnostic group (TD, k = 11, N = 5731). Most studies (67%) used CCA and focused on the association between either brain morphology, resting-state functional connectivity or fractional anisotropy against symptoms and/or cognition. There were three main findings. First, most diagnoses shared a link between clinical/cognitive symptoms and two brain measures, namely frontal morphology/brain activity and white matter association fibres (tracts between cortical areas in the same hemisphere). Second, typically less investigated behavioural variables in multivariate models such as physical health (e.g., BMI, drug use) and clinical history (e.g., childhood trauma) were identified as important features. Finally, most studies were at risk of bias due to low sample size/feature ratio and/or in-sample testing only. We highlight the importance of carefully mitigating these sources of bias with an exemplar application of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vieira
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - T A W Bolton
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Schöttner
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Baecker
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Mechelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ben-Azu B, Adebayo OG, Fokoua AR, Oritsemuelebi B, Chidebe EO, Nwogueze CB, Kumanwee L, Uyere GE, Emuakpeje MT. Antipsychotic effect of diosgenin in ketamine-induced murine model of schizophrenia: Involvement of oxidative stress and cholinergic transmission. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:86-97. [PMID: 38282757 PMCID: PMC10818187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the levels of antioxidant arsenals exacerbate generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, leading to neurochemical dysfunction, with significant impact on the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. This study examined the preventive and reversal effects of diosgenin, a phyto-steroidal saponin with antioxidant functions in mice treated with ketamine which closely replicates schizophrenia-like symptoms in human and laboratory animals. In the preventive phase, adult mice cohorts were clustered into 5 groups (n = 9). Groups 1 and 2 received saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.), groups 3 and 4 were pretreated with diosgenin (25 and 50 mg/kg), and group 5 received risperidone (0.5 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Mice in groups 2-5 additionally received a daily dose of ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (10 mL/kg/day, i.p.). In the reversal phase, mice received intraperitoneal injection of ketamine or saline for 14 consecutive days prior to diosgenin (25 and 50 mg/kg/p.o./day) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg/p.o./day) treatment from days 8-14. Mice were assessed for behavioral changes. Oxidative, nitrergic markers, and cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase activity) transmission were examined in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus. Diosgenin prevented and reversed hyperlocomotion, cognitive and social deficits in mice treated with ketamine relative to ketamine groups. The increased acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde and nitrite levels produced by ketamine were reduced by diosgenin in the striatum, prefrontal-cortex and hippocampus, but did not reverse striatal nitrite level. Diosgenin increased glutathione, and catalase levels, except for hippocampal catalase activity when compared with ketamine controls. Conclusively, these biochemical changes might be related to the behavioral deficits in ketamine-treated mice, which were prevented and reversed by diosgenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G. Adebayo
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Aliance Romain Fokoua
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
- Research unit of Neuroinflammatory and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Benjamin Oritsemuelebi
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel O. Chidebe
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuebuka B. Nwogueze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Lenatababari Kumanwee
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - God'swill E. Uyere
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Micheal T. Emuakpeje
- DELSU Joint Canada-Israel Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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Orlichenko A, Qu G, Zhou Z, Liu A, Deng HW, Ding Z, Stephen JM, Wilson TW, Calhoun VD, Wang YP. A Demographic-Conditioned Variational Autoencoder for fMRI Distribution Sampling and Removal of Confounds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594528. [PMID: 38798580 PMCID: PMC11118390 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective fMRI and derived measures such as functional connectivity (FC) have been used to predict brain age, general fluid intelligence, psychiatric disease status, and preclinical neurodegenerative disease. However, it is not always clear that all demographic confounds, such as age, sex, and race, have been removed from fMRI data. Additionally, many fMRI datasets are restricted to authorized researchers, making dissemination of these valuable data sources challenging. Methods We create a variational autoencoder (VAE)-based model, DemoVAE, to decorrelate fMRI features from demographics and generate high-quality synthetic fMRI data based on user-supplied demographics. We train and validate our model using two large, widely used datasets, the Philadelphia Neurodevel-opmental Cohort (PNC) and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP). Results We find that DemoVAE recapitulates group differences in fMRI data while capturing the full breadth of individual variations. Significantly, we also find that most clinical and computerized battery fields that are correlated with fMRI data are not correlated with DemoVAE latents. An exception are several fields related to schizophrenia medication and symptom severity. Conclusion Our model generates fMRI data that captures the full distribution of FC better than traditional VAE or GAN models. We also find that most prediction using fMRI data is dependent on correlation with, and prediction of, demographics. Significance Our DemoVAE model allows for generation of high quality synthetic data conditioned on subject demographics as well as the removal of the confounding effects of demographics. We identify that FC-based prediction tasks are highly influenced by demographic confounds.
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8
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Orlichenko A, Qu G, Zhou Z, Liu A, Deng HW, Ding Z, Stephen JM, Wilson TW, Calhoun VD, Wang YP. A Demographic-Conditioned Variational Autoencoder for fMRI Distribution Sampling and Removal of Confounds. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2405.07977v1. [PMID: 38800653 PMCID: PMC11118598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective fMRI and derived measures such as functional connectivity (FC) have been used to predict brain age, general fluid intelligence, psychiatric disease status, and preclinical neurodegenerative disease. However, it is not always clear that all demographic confounds, such as age, sex, and race, have been removed from fMRI data. Additionally, many fMRI datasets are restricted to authorized researchers, making dissemination of these valuable data sources challenging. Methods We create a variational autoencoder (VAE)-based model, DemoVAE, to decorrelate fMRI features from demographics and generate high-quality synthetic fMRI data based on user-supplied demographics. We train and validate our model using two large, widely used datasets, the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP). Results We find that DemoVAE recapitulates group differences in fMRI data while capturing the full breadth of individual variations. Significantly, we also find that most clinical and computerized battery fields that are correlated with fMRI data are not correlated with DemoVAE latents. An exception are several fields related to schizophrenia medication and symptom severity. Conclusion Our model generates fMRI data that captures the full distribution of FC better than traditional VAE or GAN models. We also find that most prediction using fMRI data is dependent on correlation with, and prediction of, demographics. Significance Our DemoVAE model allows for generation of high quality synthetic data conditioned on subject demographics as well as the removal of the confounding effects of demographics. We identify that FC-based prediction tasks are highly influenced by demographic confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Orlichenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Gang Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Anqi Liu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane Integrated Institute of Data & Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane Integrated Institute of Data & Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Zhengming Ding
- Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
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Xiao F, Liu M, Wang Y, Zhou L, Luo J, Chen C, Chen W. Altered Functional Connectivity of Temporoparietal Lobe in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Resting-State fNIRS Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:389. [PMID: 38671810 PMCID: PMC11048547 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), a sleep disorder with high prevalence, is normally accompanied by affective, autonomic, and cognitive abnormalities, and is deemed to be linked to functional brain alterations. To investigate alterations in brain functional connectivity properties in patients with OSA, a comparative analysis of global and local topological properties of brain networks was conducted between patients with OSA and healthy controls (HCs), utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging. A total of 148 patients with OSA and 150 healthy individuals were involved. Firstly, quantitative alterations in blood oxygen concentration, changes in functional connectivity, and variations in graph theory-based network topological characteristics were assessed. Then, with Mann-Whitney statistics, this study compared whether there are significant differences in the above characteristics between patients with OSA and HCs. Lastly, the study further examined the correlation between the altered characteristics and the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) using linear regression. Results revealed a higher mean and standard deviation of hemoglobin concentration in the superior temporal gyrus among patients with OSA compared to HCs. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) exhibited a slight increase between the superior temporal gyrus and other specific areas in patients with OSA. Notably, neither patients with OSA nor HCs demonstrated significant small-world network properties. Patients with OSA displayed an elevated clustering coefficient (p < 0.05) and local efficiency (p < 0.05). Additionally, patients with OSA exhibited a tendency towards increased nodal betweenness centrality (p < 0.05) and degree centrality (p < 0.05) in the right supramarginal gyrus, as well as a trend towards higher betweenness centrality (p < 0.05) in the right precentral gyrus. The results of multiple linear regressions indicate that the influence of the AHI on RSFC between the right precentral gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus (p < 0.05), as well as between the right precentral gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus (p < 0.05), are statistically significant. These findings suggest that OSA may compromise functional brain connectivity and network topological properties in affected individuals, serving as a potential neurological mechanism underlying the observed abnormalities in brain function associated with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (F.X.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Minghui Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (F.X.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (F.X.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jingchun Luo
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China;
| | - Chen Chen
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China;
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (F.X.); (M.L.); (L.Z.)
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China;
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10
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Masias Bruns M, Ramirez-Mahaluf JP, Valli I, Ortuño M, Ilzarbe D, de la Serna E, Navarro OP, Crossley NA, González Ballester MÁ, Baeza I, Piella G, Castro-Fornieles J, Sugranyes G. Altered Temporal Dynamics of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent-Onset First-Episode Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:418-426. [PMID: 37607335 PMCID: PMC10919773 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) alterations have been reported in patients with adult-onset and chronic psychosis. We sought to examine whether such abnormalities were also observed in patients with first episode, adolescent-onset psychosis (AOP), in order to rule out potential effects of chronicity and protracted antipsychotic treatment exposure. AOP has been suggested to have less diagnostic specificity compared to psychosis with onset in adulthood and occurs during a period of neurodevelopmental changes in brain functional connections. STUDY DESIGN Seventy-nine patients with first episode, AOP (36 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, SSD; and 43 with affective psychotic disorder, AF) and 54 healthy controls (HC), aged 10 to 17 years were included. Participants underwent clinical and cognitive assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Graph-based measures were used to analyze temporal trajectories of dFC, which were compared between patients with SSD, AF, and HC. Within patients, we also tested associations between dFC parameters and clinical variables. STUDY RESULTS Patients with SSD temporally visited the different connectivity states in a less efficient way (reduced global efficiency), visiting fewer nodes (larger temporal modularity, and increased immobility), with a reduction in the metabolic expenditure (cost and leap size), relative to AF and HC (effect sizes: Cohen's D, ranging 0.54 to.91). In youth with AF, these parameters did not differ compared to HC. Connectivity measures were not associated with clinical severity, intelligence, cannabis use, or dose of antipsychotic medication. CONCLUSIONS dFC measures hold potential towards the development of brain-based biomarkers characterizing adolescent-onset SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Masias Bruns
- BCN-MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Ramirez-Mahaluf
- BCN-MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Valli
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Ortuño
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ilzarbe
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Group G04, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Group G04, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Olga Puig Navarro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Group G04, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Ángel González Ballester
- BCN-MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Group G04, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Piella
- BCN-MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Group G04, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Group G04, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Wang Y, Li Q, Yao L, He N, Tang Y, Chen L, Long F, Chen Y, Kemp GJ, Lui S, Li F. Shared and differing functional connectivity abnormalities of the default mode network in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae094. [PMID: 38521993 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) both show abnormal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of default mode network (DMN), but it is unclear to what extent these abnormalities are shared. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis, including 31 MCI studies and 20 AD studies. MCI patients, compared to controls, showed decreased within-DMN rsFC in bilateral medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (mPFC/ACC), precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), right temporal lobes, and left angular gyrus and increased rsFC between DMN and left inferior temporal gyrus. AD patients, compared to controls, showed decreased rsFC within DMN in bilateral mPFC/ACC and precuneus/PCC and between DMN and left inferior occipital gyrus and increased rsFC between DMN and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conjunction analysis showed shared decreased rsFC in mPFC/ACC and precuneus/PCC. Compared to MCI, AD had decreased rsFC in left precuneus/PCC and between DMN and left inferior occipital gyrus and increased rsFC in right temporal lobes. MCI and AD share a decreased within-DMN rsFC likely underpinning episodic memory deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms, but differ in DMN rsFC alterations likely related to impairments in other cognitive domains such as language, vision, and execution. This may throw light on neuropathological mechanisms in these two stages of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lizhou Chen
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Long
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, P.R. China
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12
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Wei Q, Lin S, Xu S, Zou J, Chen J, Kang M, Hu J, Liao X, Wei H, Ling Q, Shao Y, Yu Y. Graph theoretical analysis and independent component analysis of diabetic optic neuropathy: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14579. [PMID: 38497532 PMCID: PMC10945884 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity and topologic characteristics of brain networks in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON). METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 23 patients and 41 healthy control (HC) subjects. We used independent component analysis and graph theoretical analysis to determine the topologic characteristics of the brain and as well as functional network connectivity (FNC) and topologic properties of brain networks. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with DON showed altered global characteristics. At the nodal level, the DON group had fewer nodal degrees in the thalamus and insula, and a greater number in the right rolandic operculum, right postcentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. In the internetwork comparison, DON patients showed significantly increased FNC between the left frontoparietal network (FPN-L) and ventral attention network (VAN). Additionally, in the intranetwork comparison, connectivity between the left medial superior frontal gyrus (MSFG) of the default network (DMN) and left putamen of auditory network was decreased in the DON group. CONCLUSION DON patients altered node properties and connectivity in the DMN, auditory network, FPN-L, and VAN. These results provide evidence of the involvement of specific brain networks in the pathophysiology of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wei
- Department of Endocrine and MetabolicThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseaseNanchangJiangxiChina
- Queen Mary SchoolThe Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Si‐Min Lin
- Department of RadiologyXiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - San‐Hua Xu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jie Zou
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Min Kang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jin‐Yu Hu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Xu‐Lin Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Qian Ling
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of OphthalmologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
- Department of OphthalmologyEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Endocrine and MetabolicThe First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseaseNanchangJiangxiChina
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13
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Gu YW, Fan JW, Zhao SW, Liu XF, Yin H, Cui LB. Large-scale mechanism hypothesis and research prospects of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia based on magnetic resonance imaging. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25915. [PMID: 38404811 PMCID: PMC10884805 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are pivotal clinical issues that need to be solved urgently. However, the mechanism remains unknown. It has been suggested that cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are associated with connectome damage, and are especially relevant to the disrupted hub nodes in the frontal and parietal lobes. Activating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could result in improved cognition. Based on several previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on schizophrenia, we found that the first-episode patients showed connectome damage, as well as abnormal activation and connectivity of the DLPFC and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Accordingly, we proposed that DLPFC-IPL pathway destruction might mediate connectome damage of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. In the meantime, with the help of multimodal MRI and noninvasive neuromodulation tool, we may not only validate the hypothesis, but also find IPL as the potential intervention target for cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Wen Gu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Wen Fan
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu-Wan Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Long-Biao Cui
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Schizophrenia Imaging Lab, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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14
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Adámek P, Grygarová D, Jajcay L, Bakštein E, Fürstová P, Juríčková V, Jonáš J, Langová V, Neskoroďana I, Kesner L, Horáček J. The Gaze of Schizophrenia Patients Captured by Bottom-up Saliency. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38378724 PMCID: PMC10879495 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCHZ) notably impacts various human perceptual modalities, including vision. Prior research has identified marked abnormalities in perceptual organization in SCHZ, predominantly attributed to deficits in bottom-up processing. Our study introduces a novel paradigm to differentiate the roles of top-down and bottom-up processes in visual perception in SCHZ. We analysed eye-tracking fixation ground truth maps from 28 SCHZ patients and 25 healthy controls (HC), comparing these with two mathematical models of visual saliency: one bottom-up, based on the physical attributes of images, and the other top-down, incorporating machine learning. While the bottom-up (GBVS) model revealed no significant overall differences between groups (beta = 0.01, p = 0.281, with a marginal increase in SCHZ patients), it did show enhanced performance by SCHZ patients with highly salient images. Conversely, the top-down (EML-Net) model indicated no general group difference (beta = -0.03, p = 0.206, lower in SCHZ patients) but highlighted significantly reduced performance in SCHZ patients for images depicting social interactions (beta = -0.06, p < 0.001). Over time, the disparity between the groups diminished for both models. The previously reported bottom-up bias in SCHZ patients was apparent only during the initial stages of visual exploration and corresponded with progressively shorter fixation durations in this group. Our research proposes an innovative approach to understanding early visual information processing in SCHZ patients, shedding light on the interplay between bottom-up perception and top-down cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Adámek
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominika Grygarová
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Jajcay
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Bakštein
- Early Episodes of SMI Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Fürstová
- Early Episodes of SMI Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Juríčková
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Jonáš
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Langová
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Neskoroďana
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kesner
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Art History, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Center for Advanced Studies of Brain and Consciousness, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Ellis CA, Miller RL, Calhoun VD. Explainable fuzzy clustering framework reveals divergent default mode network connectivity dynamics in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1165424. [PMID: 38495909 PMCID: PMC10941842 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1165424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data has yielded insights into many neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. A common dFNC analysis approach uses hard clustering methods like k-means clustering to assign samples to states that summarize network dynamics. However, hard clustering methods obscure network dynamics by assuming (1) that all samples within a cluster are equally like their assigned centroids and (2) that samples closer to one another in the data space than to their centroids are well-represented by their centroids. In addition, it can be hard to compare subjects, as in some cases an individual may not manifest a state strongly enough to enter a hard cluster. Approaches that allow a dimensional approach to connectivity patterns (e.g., fuzzy clustering) can mitigate these issues. In this study, we present an explainable fuzzy clustering framework by combining fuzzy c-means clustering with several explainability metrics and novel summary features. Methods We apply our framework for schizophrenia (SZ) default mode network analysis. Namely, we extract dFNC from individuals with SZ and controls, identify 5 dFNC states, and characterize the dFNC features most crucial to those states with a new perturbation-based clustering explainability approach. We then extract several features typically used in hard clustering and further present a variety of unique features specially designed for use with fuzzy clustering to quantify state dynamics. We examine differences in those features between individuals with SZ and controls and further search for relationships between those features and SZ symptom severity. Results Importantly, we find that individuals with SZ spend more time in states of moderate anticorrelation between the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices and strong anticorrelation between the precuneus and anterior cingulate cortex. We further find that individuals with SZ tend to transition more rapidly than controls between low-magnitude and high-magnitude dFNC states. Conclusion We present a novel dFNC analysis framework and use it to identify effects of SZ upon network dynamics. Given the ease of implementing our framework and its enhanced insight into network dynamics, it has great potential for use in future dFNC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ellis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robyn L. Miller
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Voineskos AN, Hawco C, Neufeld NH, Turner JA, Ameis SH, Anticevic A, Buchanan RW, Cadenhead K, Dazzan P, Dickie EW, Gallucci J, Lahti AC, Malhotra AK, Öngür D, Lencz T, Sarpal DK, Oliver LD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:26-51. [PMID: 38214624 PMCID: PMC10786022 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging emerged with great promise and has provided fundamental insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, it has faced challenges and criticisms, most notably a lack of clinical translation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical summary of the literature on functional neuroimaging, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in schizophrenia. We begin by reviewing research on fMRI biomarkers in schizophrenia and the clinical high risk phase through a historical lens, moving from case-control regional brain activation to global connectivity and advanced analytical approaches, and more recent machine learning algorithms to identify predictive neuroimaging features. Findings from fMRI studies of negative symptoms as well as of neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are then reviewed. Functional neural markers of these symptoms and deficits may represent promising treatment targets in schizophrenia. Next, we summarize fMRI research related to antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions, and neurostimulation, including treatment response and resistance, therapeutic mechanisms, and treatment targeting. We also review the utility of fMRI and data-driven approaches to dissect the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, moving beyond case-control comparisons, as well as methodological considerations and advances, including consortia and precision fMRI. Lastly, limitations and future directions of research in the field are discussed. Our comprehensive review suggests that, in order for fMRI to be clinically useful in the care of patients with schizophrenia, research should address potentially actionable clinical decisions that are routine in schizophrenia treatment, such as which antipsychotic should be prescribed or whether a given patient is likely to have persistent functional impairment. The potential clinical utility of fMRI is influenced by and must be weighed against cost and accessibility factors. Future evaluations of the utility of fMRI in prognostic and treatment response studies may consider including a health economics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Neufeld
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression and McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yao S, Harder A, Darki F, Chang YW, Li A, Nikouei K, Volpe G, Lundström JN, Zeng J, Wray N, Lu Y, Sullivan PF, Leffler JH. Connecting genomic results for psychiatric disorders to human brain cell types and regions reveals convergence with functional connectivity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.18.24301478. [PMID: 38410450 PMCID: PMC10896415 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.24301478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the temporal and spatial brain locations etiological for psychiatric disorders is essential for targeted neurobiological research. Integration of genomic insights from genome-wide association studies with single-cell transcriptomics is a powerful approach although past efforts have necessarily relied on mouse atlases. Leveraging a comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain, we prioritized cell types via the enrichment of SNP-heritabilities for brain diseases, disorders, and traits, progressing from individual cell types to brain regions. Our findings highlight specific neuronal clusters significantly enriched for the SNP-heritabilities for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder along with intelligence, education, and neuroticism. Extrapolation of cell-type results to brain regions reveals important patterns for schizophrenia with distinct subregions in the hippocampus and amygdala exhibiting the highest significance. Cerebral cortical regions display similar enrichments despite the known prefrontal dysfunction in those with schizophrenia highlighting the importance of subcortical connectivity. Using functional MRI connectivity from cases with schizophrenia and neurotypical controls, we identified brain networks that distinguished cases from controls that also confirmed involvement of the central and lateral amygdala, hippocampal body, and prefrontal cortex. Our findings underscore the value of single-cell transcriptomics in decoding the polygenicity of psychiatric disorders and offer a promising convergence of genomic, transcriptomic, and brain imaging modalities toward common biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Harder
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fahimeh Darki
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ang Li
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kasra Nikouei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan N Lundström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian Zeng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naomi Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jens Hjerling Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Cancino-Fuentes N, Manasanch A, Covelo J, Suarez-Perez A, Fernandez E, Matsoukis S, Guger C, Illa X, Guimerà-Brunet A, Sanchez-Vives MV. Recording physiological and pathological cortical activity and exogenous electric fields using graphene microtransistor arrays in vitro. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:664-677. [PMID: 38100059 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03842d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based solution-gated field-effect transistors (gSGFETs) allow the quantification of the brain's full-band signal. Extracellular alternating current (AC) signals include local field potentials (LFP, population activity within a reach of hundreds of micrometers), multiunit activity (MUA), and ultimately single units. Direct current (DC) potentials are slow brain signals with a frequency under 0.1 Hz, and commonly filtered out by conventional AC amplifiers. This component conveys information about what has been referred to as "infraslow" activity. We used gSGFET arrays to record full-band patterns from both physiological and pathological activity generated by the cerebral cortex. To this end, we used an in vitro preparation of cerebral cortex that generates spontaneous rhythmic activity, such as that occurring in slow wave sleep. This examination extended to experimentally induced pathological activities, including epileptiform discharges and cortical spreading depression. Validation of recordings obtained via gSGFETs, including both AC and DC components, was accomplished by cross-referencing with well-established technologies, thereby quantifying these components across different activity patterns. We then explored an additional gSGFET potential application, which is the measure of externally induced electric fields such as those used in therapeutic neuromodulation in humans. Finally, we tested the gSGFETs in human cortical slices obtained intrasurgically. In conclusion, this study offers a comprehensive characterization of gSGFETs for brain recordings, with a focus on potential clinical applications of this emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnau Manasanch
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joana Covelo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alex Suarez-Perez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Stratis Matsoukis
- g.tec medical engineering, Schiedlberg, Austria
- Institute of Computational Perception, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Xavi Illa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Anton Guimerà-Brunet
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Rupert PE, Pogue-Geile M. Familial Risk for Schizophrenia vs Bipolar Disorder and Task-Based Neural Activation: A functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Meta-Analysis. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:177-186. [PMID: 37606284 PMCID: PMC10754177 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Individuals at familial risk for developing schizophrenia (FRSZ) or bipolar disorder (FRBD) have shared and unique genetic risks. Few studies have compared neural activation between these two groups. Therefore, the present meta-analysis investigated functional brain similarities and differences between FRSZ and FRBD individuals. STUDY DESIGN A systematic literature review was conducted of articles that compared FRSZ or FRBD individuals to healthy controls (31 FRSZ and 22 FRBD). Seed-based d mapping was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Analyses included comparisons of FRSZ to controls, FRBD to controls, and both relative groups to each other. STUDY RESULTS Using a highly conservative family-wise error rate correction, there were no significant findings. Using a less conservative threshold, FRSZ compared to controls had lower activation in the left precuneus (Puncorrected = .02) across all studies and in the left middle frontal gyrus (Puncorrected = .03) in nonsocial cognition studies. FRBD compared to controls had lower activation in the left superior parietal gyrus (Puncorrected = .03) and right angular gyrus (Puncorrected = .03) in nonsocial cognition studies, and higher activation in the left superior frontal gyrus (Puncorrected = .01) in social tasks. Differences between FRSZ and FRBD were not significant. CONCLUSIONS There were few robust differences between FRSZ or FRBD compared to controls. This suggests only weak support for neural activation differences between individuals at genetic risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and controls. The tentative findings observed were in different brain regions for FRSZ and FRBD, with no strong evidence for shared effects between schizophrenia and bipolar genetic risk on neural activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra E Rupert
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Pogue-Geile
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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20
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Holmes A, Levi PT, Chen YC, Chopra S, Aquino KM, Pang JC, Fornito A. Disruptions of Hierarchical Cortical Organization in Early Psychosis and Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:1240-1250. [PMID: 37683727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebral cortex is organized hierarchically along an axis that spans unimodal sensorimotor to transmodal association areas. This hierarchy is often characterized using low-dimensional embeddings, termed gradients, of interregional functional coupling estimates measured with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Such analyses may offer insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, which has been frequently linked to dysfunctional interactions between association and sensorimotor areas. METHODS To examine disruptions of hierarchical cortical function across distinct stages of psychosis, we applied diffusion map embedding to 2 independent functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets: one comprising 114 patients with early psychosis and 48 control participants, and the other comprising 50 patients with established schizophrenia and 121 control participants. Then, we analyzed the primary sensorimotor-to-association and secondary visual-to-sensorimotor gradients of each participant in both datasets. RESULTS There were no significant differences in regional gradient scores between patients with early psychosis and control participants. Patients with established schizophrenia showed significant differences in the secondary, but not primary, gradient compared with control participants. Gradient differences in schizophrenia were characterized by lower within-network dispersion in the dorsal attention (false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected p [pFDR] < .001), visual (pFDR = .003), frontoparietal (pFDR = .018), and limbic (pFDR = .020) networks and lower between-network dispersion between the visual network and other networks (pFDR < .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that differences in cortical hierarchical function occur along the secondary visual-to-sensorimotor axis rather than the primary sensorimotor-to-association axis as previously thought. The absence of differences in early psychosis suggests that visual-sensorimotor abnormalities may emerge as the illness progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Holmes
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Priscila T Levi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kevin M Aquino
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James C Pang
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Kinsey S, Kazimierczak K, Camazón PA, Chen J, Adali T, Kochunov P, Adhikari B, Ford J, van Erp TGM, Dhamala M, Calhoun VD, Iraji A. Networks extracted from nonlinear fMRI connectivity exhibit unique spatial variation and enhanced sensitivity to differences between individuals with schizophrenia and controls. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.16.566292. [PMID: 38014169 PMCID: PMC10680735 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.566292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies often estimate brain intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) from temporal relationships between hemodynamic signals using approaches such as independent component analysis (ICA). While ICNs are thought to represent functional sources that play important roles in various psychological phenomena, current approaches have been tailored to identify ICNs that mainly reflect linear statistical relationships. However, the elements comprising neural systems often exhibit remarkably complex nonlinear interactions that may be involved in cognitive operations and altered in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. Consequently, there is a need to develop methods capable of effectively capturing ICNs from measures that are sensitive to nonlinear relationships. Here, we advance a novel approach to estimate ICNs from explicitly nonlinear whole-brain functional connectivity (ENL-wFC) by transforming resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) data into the connectivity domain, allowing us to capture unique information from distance correlation patterns that would be missed by linear whole-brain functional connectivity (LIN-wFC) analysis. Our findings provide evidence that ICNs commonly extracted from linear (LIN) relationships are also reflected in explicitly nonlinear (ENL) connectivity patterns. ENL ICN estimates exhibit higher reliability and stability, highlighting our approach's ability to effectively quantify ICNs from rsfMRI data. Additionally, we observed a consistent spatial gradient pattern between LIN and ENL ICNs with higher ENL weight in core ICN regions, suggesting that ICN function may be subserved by nonlinear processes concentrated within network centers. We also found that a uniquely identified ENL ICN distinguished individuals with schizophrenia from healthy controls while a uniquely identified LIN ICN did not, emphasizing the valuable complementary information that can be gained by incorporating measures that are sensitive to nonlinearity in future analyses. Moreover, the ENL estimates of ICNs associated with auditory, linguistic, sensorimotor, and self-referential processes exhibit heightened sensitivity towards differentiating between individuals with schizophrenia and controls compared to LIN counterparts, demonstrating the translational value of our approach and of the ENL estimates of ICNs that are frequently reported as disrupted in schizophrenia. In summary, our findings underscore the tremendous potential of connectivity domain ICA and nonlinear information in resolving complex brain phenomena and revolutionizing the landscape of clinical FC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Kinsey
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Pablo Andrés Camazón
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tülay Adali
- Department of CSEE, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Bhim Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith Ford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mukesh Dhamala
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Lizano P, Kiely C, Mijalkov M, Meda SA, Keedy SK, Hoang D, Zeng V, Lutz O, Pereira JB, Ivleva EI, Volpe G, Xu Y, Lee AM, Rubin LH, Kristian Hill S, Clementz BA, Tamminga CA, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Gershon ES, Keshavan MS, Bishop JR. Peripheral inflammatory subgroup differences in anterior Default Mode network and multiplex functional network topology are associated with cognition in psychosis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:3-15. [PMID: 37506949 PMCID: PMC10592140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-inflammation subgroups of patients with psychosis demonstrate cognitive deficits and neuroanatomical alterations. Systemic inflammation assessed using IL-6 and C-reactive protein may alter functional connectivity within and between resting-state networks, but the cognitive and clinical implications of these alterations remain unknown. We aim to determine the relationships of elevated peripheral inflammation subgroups with resting-state functional networks and cognition in psychosis spectrum disorders. METHODS Serum and resting-state fMRI were collected from psychosis probands (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, psychotic bipolar disorder) and healthy controls (HC) from the B-SNIP1 (Chicago site) study who were stratified into inflammatory subgroups based on factor and cluster analyses of 13 cytokines (HC Low n = 32, Proband Low n = 65, Proband High n = 29). Nine resting-state networks derived from independent component analysis were used to assess functional and multilayer connectivity. Inter-network connectivity was measured using Fisher z-transformation of correlation coefficients. Network organization was assessed by investigating networks of positive and negative connections separately, as well as investigating multilayer networks using both positive and negative connections. Cognition was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Linear regressions, Spearman correlations, permutations tests and multiple comparison corrections were used for analyses in R. RESULTS Anterior default mode network (DMNa) connectivity was significantly reduced in the Proband High compared to Proband Low (Cohen's d = -0.74, p = 0.002) and HC Low (d = -0.85, p = 0.0008) groups. Inter-network connectivity between the DMNa and the right-frontoparietal networks was lower in Proband High compared to Proband Low (d = -0.66, p = 0.004) group. Compared to Proband Low, the Proband High group had lower negative (d = 0.54, p = 0.021) and positive network (d = 0.49, p = 0.042) clustering coefficient, and lower multiplex network participation coefficient (d = -0.57, p = 0.014). Network findings in high inflammation subgroups correlate with worse verbal fluency, verbal memory, symbol coding, and overall cognition. CONCLUSION These results expand on our understanding of the potential effects of peripheral inflammatory signatures and/or subgroups on network dysfunction in psychosis and how they relate to worse cognitive performance. Additionally, the novel multiplex approach taken in this study demonstrated how inflammation may disrupt the brain's ability to maintain healthy co-activation patterns between the resting-state networks while inhibiting certain connections between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Translational Neuroscience, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Chelsea Kiely
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mite Mijalkov
- Neuro Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shashwath A Meda
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dung Hoang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Lutz
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Neuro Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Elena I Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Physics Department, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanxun Xu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam M Lee
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Leah H Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Kristian Hill
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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23
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Pujol J, Pujol N, Mané A, Martínez-Vilavella G, Deus J, Pérez-Sola V, Blanco-Hinojo L. Mapping alterations in the local synchrony of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e84. [PMID: 37848404 PMCID: PMC10755567 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observations from different fields of research coincide in indicating that a defective gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneuron system may be among the primary factors accounting for the varied clinical expression of schizophrenia. GABA interneuron deficiency is locally expressed in the form of neural activity desynchronization. We mapped the functional anatomy of local synchrony in the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia using functional connectivity MRI. METHODS Data from 86 patients with schizophrenia and 137 control subjects were obtained from publicly available repositories. Resting-state functional connectivity maps based on Iso-Distant Average Correlation measures across three distances were estimated detailing the local functional structure of the cerebral cortex. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia showed weaker local functional connectivity (i.e., lower MRI signal synchrony) in (i) prefrontal lobe areas, (ii) somatosensory, auditory, visual, and motor cortices, (iii) paralimbic system at the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex, and (iv) hippocampus. The distribution of the defect in cortical area synchrony largely coincided with the synchronization effect of the GABA agonist alprazolam previously observed using identical functional connectivity measures. There was also a notable resemblance between the anatomy of our findings and cortical areas showing higher density of parvalbumin (prefrontal lobe and sensory cortices) and somatostatin (anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex) GABA interneurons in humans. CONCLUSIONS Our results thus provide detail of the functional anatomy of synchrony changes in the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia and suggest which elements of the interneuron system are affected. Such information could ultimately be relevant in the search for specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Pujol
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Mané
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Deus
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez-Sola
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Blanco-Hinojo
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Boisvert M, Lungu O, Pilon F, Dumais A, Potvin S. Regional cerebral blood flow at rest in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 335:111720. [PMID: 37804739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Severe mental disorders (SMDs) such as schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with altered brain function. Neuroimaging studies have illustrated spontaneous activity alterations across SMDs, but no meta-analysis has directly compared resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with one another. We conducted a meta-analysis of PET, SPECT and ASL neuroimaging studies to identify specific alterations of rCBF at rest in SMDs. Included are 20 studies in MDD, and 18 studies in SCZ. Due to the insufficient number of studies in BD, this disorder was left out of the analyses. Compared to controls, the SCZ group displayed reduced rCBF in the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus and in the medial orbital part of the bilateral superior frontal gyrus. After correction, only a small cluster in the right inferior frontal gyrus exhibited reduced rCBF in MDD, compared to controls. Differences were found in these brain regions between SCZ and MDD. SCZ displayed reduced rCBF at rest in regions associated with default-mode, reward processing and language processing. MDD was associated with reduced rCBF in a cluster involved in response inhibition. Our meta-analysis highlights differences in the resting-state rCBF alterations between SCZ and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Boisvert
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Pilon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut National de Psychiatrie Légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal; Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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25
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Ruiz-Torras S, Gudayol-Ferré E, Fernández-Vazquez O, Cañete-Massé C, Peró-Cebollero M, Guàrdia-Olmos J. Hypoconnectivity networks in schizophrenia patients: A voxel-wise meta-analysis of Rs-fMRI. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100395. [PMID: 37533450 PMCID: PMC10392089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years several meta-analyses regarding resting-state functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia have been published. The authors have used different data analysis techniques: regional homogeneity, seed-based data analysis, independent component analysis, and amplitude of low frequencies. Hence, we aim to perform a meta-analysis to identify connectivity networks with different activation patterns between people diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy controls using voxel-wise analysis. METHOD We collected primary studies exploring whole brain connectivity by functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. We identified 25 studies included high-quality studies that included 1285 patients with schizophrenia and 1279 healthy controls. RESULTS The results indicate hypoactivation in the right precentral gyrus and the left superior temporal gyrus of patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS These regions have been linked with some clinical symptoms usually present in Plea with schizophrenia, such as auditory verbal hallucinations, formal thought disorder, and the comprehension and production of gestures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ruiz-Torras
- Clínica Psicològica de la Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Josep Finestres, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Cañete-Massé
- Facultat de Psicologia, Secció de Psicologia Quantitativa, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Facultat de Psicologia, Secció de Psicologia Quantitativa, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Facultat de Psicologia, Secció de Psicologia Quantitativa, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Hormovas J, Dadario NB, Tang SJ, Nicholas P, Dhanaraj V, Young I, Doyen S, Sughrue ME. Parcellation-Based Connectivity Model of the Judgement Core. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1384. [PMID: 37763153 PMCID: PMC10532823 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Judgement is a higher-order brain function utilized in the evaluation process of problem solving. However, heterogeneity in the task methodology based on the many definitions of judgement and its expansive and nuanced applications have prevented the identification of a unified cortical model at a level of granularity necessary for clinical translation. Forty-six task-based fMRI studies were used to generate activation-likelihood estimations (ALE) across moral, social, risky, and interpersonal judgement paradigms. Cortical parcellations overlapping these ALEs were used to delineate patterns in neurocognitive network engagement for the four judgement tasks. Moral judgement involved the bilateral superior frontal gyri, right temporal gyri, and left parietal lobe. Social judgement demonstrated a left-dominant frontoparietal network with engagement of right-sided temporal limbic regions. Moral and social judgement tasks evoked mutual engagement of the bilateral DMN. Both interpersonal and risk judgement were shown to involve a right-sided frontoparietal network with accompanying engagement of the left insular cortex, converging at the right-sided CEN. Cortical activation in normophysiological judgement function followed two separable patterns involving the large-scale neurocognitive networks. Specifically, the DMN was found to subserve judgement centered around social inferences and moral cognition, while the CEN subserved tasks involving probabilistic reasoning, risk estimation, and strategic contemplation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hormovas
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Level 7 Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (J.H.); (V.D.)
| | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 125 Paterson St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Si Jie Tang
- School of Medicine, 21772 University of California Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Peter Nicholas
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Haymarket, NSW 2000, Australia; (P.N.); (I.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Vukshitha Dhanaraj
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Level 7 Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (J.H.); (V.D.)
| | - Isabella Young
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Haymarket, NSW 2000, Australia; (P.N.); (I.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Stephane Doyen
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Haymarket, NSW 2000, Australia; (P.N.); (I.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Michael E. Sughrue
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Level 7 Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (J.H.); (V.D.)
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Haymarket, NSW 2000, Australia; (P.N.); (I.Y.); (S.D.)
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27
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Kim M, Seo JW, Yun S, Kim M. Bidirectional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia: a multivariate, machine-learning approach. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1232015. [PMID: 37743998 PMCID: PMC10512460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1232015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It is well known that altered functional connectivity is a robust neuroimaging marker of schizophrenia. However, there is inconsistency in the direction of alterations, i.e., increased or decreased connectivity. In this study, we aimed to determine the direction of the connectivity alteration associated with schizophrenia using a multivariate, data-driven approach. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 109 individuals with schizophrenia and 120 controls across two openly available datasets. A whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) matrix was computed for each individual. A modified connectome-based predictive model (CPM) with a support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify patients and controls. We conducted a series of multivariate classification analyses using three different feature sets, increased, decreased, and both increased and decreased rsFC. Results For both datasets, combining information from both increased and decreased rsFC substantially improved prediction accuracy (Dataset 1: accuracy = 70.2%, permutation p = 0.001; Dataset 2: accuracy = 64.4%, permutation p = 0.003). When tested across datasets, the prediction model using decreased rsFC performed best. The identified predictive features of decreased rsFC were distributed mostly in the motor network for both datasets. Conclusion These findings suggest that bidirectional alterations in rsFC are distributed in schizophrenia patients, with the pattern of decreased rsFC being more similar across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhoe Kim
- Computer Convergence Software Department, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Seo
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokho Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University School of Medicine and College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Misiak B, Samochowiec J, Kowalski K, Gaebel W, Bassetti CLA, Chan A, Gorwood P, Papiol S, Dom G, Volpe U, Szulc A, Kurimay T, Kärkkäinen H, Decraene A, Wisse J, Fiorillo A, Falkai P. The future of diagnosis in clinical neurosciences: Comparing multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e58. [PMID: 37476977 PMCID: PMC10486256 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing developments of psychiatric classification systems have largely improved reliability of diagnosis, including that of schizophrenia. However, with an unknown pathophysiology and lacking biomarkers, its validity still remains low, requiring further advancements. Research has helped establish multiple sclerosis (MS) as the central nervous system (CNS) disorder with an established pathophysiology, defined biomarkers and therefore good validity and significantly improved treatment options. Before proposing next steps in research that aim to improve the diagnostic process of schizophrenia, it is imperative to recognize its clinical heterogeneity. Indeed, individuals with schizophrenia show high interindividual variability in terms of symptomatic manifestation, response to treatment, course of illness and functional outcomes. There is also a multiplicity of risk factors that contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that several dimensions of psychopathology and risk factors cross current diagnostic categorizations. Schizophrenia shares a number of similarities with MS, which is a demyelinating disease of the CNS. These similarities appear in the context of age of onset, geographical distribution, involvement of immune-inflammatory processes, neurocognitive impairment and various trajectories of illness course. This article provides a critical appraisal of diagnostic process in schizophrenia, taking into consideration advancements that have been made in the diagnosis and management of MS. Based on the comparison between the two disorders, key directions for studies that aim to improve diagnostic process in schizophrenia are formulated. All of them converge on the necessity to deconstruct the psychosis spectrum and adopt dimensional approaches with deep phenotyping to refine current diagnostic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Quality Assurance and Empowerment in Mental Health, DEU-131, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudio L. A. Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Switzerland
- Interdisciplinary Sleep-Wake-Epilepsy-Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U1266 (Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris), Paris, France
- CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, B-2610Antwerp, Belgium
- Multiversum Psychiatric Hospital, B-2530Boechout, Belgium
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126Ancona, Italy
| | - Agata Szulc
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tamas Kurimay
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Janos Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andre Decraene
- European Federation of Associations of Families of People with Mental Illness (EUFAMI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Wisse
- Century House, Wargrave Road, Henley-on-Thames, OxfordshireRG9 2LT, UK
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336Munich, Germany
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29
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Iraji A, Chen J, Lewis N, Faghiri A, Fu Z, Agcaoglu O, Kochunov P, Adhikari BM, Mathalon D, Pearlson G, Macciardi F, Preda A, van Erp T, Bustillo JR, Díaz-Caneja CM, Andrés-Camazón P, Dhamala M, Adali T, Calhoun V. Spatial Dynamic Subspaces Encode Sex-Specific Schizophrenia Disruptions in Transient Network Overlap and its Links to Genetic Risk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.18.548880. [PMID: 37503085 PMCID: PMC10370141 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.548880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent advances in resting-state fMRI allow us to study spatial dynamics, the phenomenon of brain networks spatially evolving over time. However, most dynamic studies still use subject-specific, spatially-static nodes. As recent studies have demonstrated, incorporating time-resolved spatial properties is crucial for precise functional connectivity estimation and gaining unique insights into brain function. Nevertheless, estimating time-resolved networks poses challenges due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, limited information in short time segments, and uncertain identification of corresponding networks within and between subjects. Methods We adapt a reference-informed network estimation technique to capture time-resolved spatial networks and their dynamic spatial integration and segregation. We focus on time-resolved spatial functional network connectivity (spFNC), an estimate of network spatial coupling, to study sex-specific alterations in schizophrenia and their links to multi-factorial genomic data. Results Our findings are consistent with the dysconnectivity and neurodevelopment hypotheses and align with the cerebello-thalamo-cortical, triple-network, and frontoparietal dysconnectivity models, helping to unify them. The potential unification offers a new understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Notably, the posterior default mode/salience spFNC exhibits sex-specific schizophrenia alteration during the state with the highest global network integration and correlates with genetic risk for schizophrenia. This dysfunction is also reflected in high-dimensional (voxel-level) space in regions with weak functional connectivity to corresponding networks. Conclusions Our method can effectively capture spatially dynamic networks, detect nuanced SZ effects, and reveal the intricate relationship of dynamic information to genomic data. The results also underscore the potential of dynamic spatial dependence and weak connectivity in the clinical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J. Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - N. Lewis
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of CSE, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - A. Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Z. Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - O. Agcaoglu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P. Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B. M. Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D.H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G.D. Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F. Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A. Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - T.G.M. van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J. R. Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C. M. Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Andrés-Camazón
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Dhamala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T. Adali
- Department of CSEE, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - V.D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of CSE, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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30
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Zwir I, Arnedo J, Mesa A, Del Val C, de Erausquin GA, Cloninger CR. Temperament & Character account for brain functional connectivity at rest: A diathesis-stress model of functional dysregulation in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2238-2253. [PMID: 37015979 PMCID: PMC10611583 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The human brain's resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) provides stable trait-like measures of differences in the perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of individuals. The rsFC of the prefrontal cortex is hypothesized to mediate a person's rational self-government, as is also measured by personality, so we tested whether its connectivity networks account for vulnerability to psychosis and related personality configurations. Young adults were recruited as outpatients or controls from the same communities around psychiatric clinics. Healthy controls (n = 30) and clinically stable outpatients with bipolar disorder (n = 35) or schizophrenia (n = 27) were diagnosed by structured interviews, and then were assessed with standardized protocols of the Human Connectome Project. Data-driven clustering identified five groups of patients with distinct patterns of rsFC regardless of diagnosis. These groups were distinguished by rsFC networks that regulate specific biopsychosocial aspects of psychosis: sensory hypersensitivity, negative emotional balance, impaired attentional control, avolition, and social mistrust. The rsFc group differences were validated by independent measures of white matter microstructure, personality, and clinical features not used to identify the subjects. We confirmed that each connectivity group was organized by differential collaborative interactions among six prefrontal and eight other automatically-coactivated networks. The temperament and character traits of the members of these groups strongly accounted for the differences in rsFC between groups, indicating that configurations of rsFC are internal representations of personality organization. These representations involve weakly self-regulated emotional drives of fear, irrational desire, and mistrust, which predispose to psychopathology. However, stable outpatients with different diagnoses (bipolar or schizophrenic psychoses) were highly similar in rsFC and personality. This supports a diathesis-stress model in which different complex adaptive systems regulate predisposition (which is similar in stable outpatients despite diagnosis) and stress-induced clinical dysfunction (which differs by diagnosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Zwir
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science, Granada, Spain
- University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | - Javier Arnedo
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Mesa
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science, Granada, Spain
| | - Coral Del Val
- University of Granada, Department of Computer Science, Granada, Spain
| | - Gabriel A de Erausquin
- University of Texas, Long School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Laboratory of Brain Development, Modulation and Repair, Glenn Biggs Institute of Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Disorders, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C Robert Cloninger
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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31
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Keyvanfard F, Nasab AR, Nasiraei-Moghaddam A. Brain subnetworks most sensitive to alterations of functional connectivity in Schizophrenia: a data-driven approach. Front Neuroinform 2023; 17:1175886. [PMID: 37274751 PMCID: PMC10232974 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1175886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) of the brain changes in various brain disorders. Its complexity, however, makes it difficult to obtain a systematic understanding of these alterations, especially when they are found individually and through hypothesis-based methods. It would be easier if the variety of brain connectivity alterations is extracted through data-driven approaches and expressed as variation modules (subnetworks). In the present study, we modified a blind approach to determine inter-group brain variations at the network level and applied it specifically to schizophrenia (SZ) disorder. The analysis is based on the application of independent component analysis (ICA) over the subject's dimension of the FC matrices, obtained from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The dataset included 27 SZ people and 27 completely matched healthy controls (HC). This hypothesis-free approach led to the finding of three brain subnetworks significantly discriminating SZ from HC. The area associated with these subnetworks mostly covers regions in visual, ventral attention, and somatomotor areas, which are in line with previous studies. Moreover, from the graph perspective, significant differences were observed between SZ and HC for these subnetworks, while there was no significant difference when the same parameters (path length, network strength, global/local efficiency, and clustering coefficient) across the same limited data were calculated for the whole brain network. The increased sensitivity of those subnetworks to SZ-induced alterations of connectivity suggested whether an individual scoring method based on their connectivity values can be applied to classify subjects. A simple scoring classifier was then suggested based on two of these subnetworks and resulted in acceptable sensitivity and specificity with an area under the ROC curve of 77.5%. The third subnetwork was found to be a less specific building block (module) for describing SZ alterations. It projected a wider range of inter-individual variations and, therefore, had a lower chance to be considered as a SZ biomarker. These findings confirmed that investigating brain variations from a modular viewpoint can help to find subnetworks that are more sensitive to SZ-induced alterations. Altogether, our study results illustrated the developed method's ability to systematically find brain alterations caused by SZ disorder from a network perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Keyvanfard
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahimi Nasab
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Nasiraei-Moghaddam
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Zarghami TS, Zeidman P, Razi A, Bahrami F, Hossein‐Zadeh G. Dysconnection and cognition in schizophrenia: A spectral dynamic causal modeling study. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2873-2896. [PMID: 36852654 PMCID: PMC10089110 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental disorder characterized by failure of functional integration (aka dysconnection) across the brain. Recent functional connectivity (FC) studies have adopted functional parcellations to define subnetworks of large-scale networks, and to characterize the (dys)connection between them, in normal and clinical populations. While FC examines statistical dependencies between observations, model-based effective connectivity (EC) can disclose the causal influences that underwrite the observed dependencies. In this study, we investigated resting state EC within seven large-scale networks, in 66 SZ and 74 healthy subjects from a public dataset. The results showed that a remarkable 33% of the effective connections (among subnetworks) of the cognitive control network had been pathologically modulated in SZ. Further dysconnection was identified within the visual, default mode and sensorimotor networks of SZ subjects, with 24%, 20%, and 11% aberrant couplings. Overall, the proportion of discriminative connections was remarkably larger in EC (24%) than FC (1%) analysis. Subsequently, to study the neural correlates of impaired cognition in SZ, we conducted a canonical correlation analysis between the EC parameters and the cognitive scores of the patients. As such, the self-inhibitions of supplementary motor area and paracentral lobule (in the sensorimotor network) and the excitatory connection from parahippocampal gyrus to inferior temporal gyrus (in the cognitive control network) were significantly correlated with the social cognition, reasoning/problem solving and working memory capabilities of the patients. Future research can investigate the potential of whole-brain EC as a biomarker for diagnosis of brain disorders and for neuroimaging-based cognitive assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh S. Zarghami
- Bio‐Electric Department, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TeranTehranIran
- Human Motor Control and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Peter Zeidman
- The Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Adeel Razi
- The Wellcome Centre for Human NeuroimagingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFARTorontoCanada
| | - Fariba Bahrami
- Bio‐Electric Department, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TeranTehranIran
- Human Motor Control and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Gholam‐Ali Hossein‐Zadeh
- Bio‐Electric Department, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of TeranTehranIran
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Zheng Y, Tang S, Zheng H, Wang X, Liu L, Yang Y, Zhen Y, Zheng Z. Noise improves the association between effects of local stimulation and structural degree of brain networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010866. [PMID: 37167331 PMCID: PMC10205011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation to local areas remarkably affects brain activity patterns, which can be exploited to investigate neural bases of cognitive function and modify pathological brain statuses. There has been growing interest in exploring the fundamental action mechanisms of local stimulation. Nevertheless, how noise amplitude, an essential element in neural dynamics, influences stimulation-induced brain states remains unknown. Here, we systematically examine the effects of local stimulation by using a large-scale biophysical model under different combinations of noise amplitudes and stimulation sites. We demonstrate that noise amplitude nonlinearly and heterogeneously tunes the stimulation effects from both regional and network perspectives. Furthermore, by incorporating the role of the anatomical network, we show that the peak frequencies of unstimulated areas at different stimulation sites averaged across noise amplitudes are highly positively related to structural connectivity. Crucially, the association between the overall changes in functional connectivity as well as the alterations in the constraints imposed by structural connectivity with the structural degree of stimulation sites is nonmonotonically influenced by the noise amplitude, with the association increasing in specific noise amplitude ranges. Moreover, the impacts of local stimulation of cognitive systems depend on the complex interplay between the noise amplitude and average structural degree. Overall, this work provides theoretical insights into how noise amplitude and network structure jointly modulate brain dynamics during stimulation and introduces possibilities for better predicting and controlling stimulation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics (LMIB), Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoting Tang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics (LMIB), Beihang University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Software Development Environment (NLSDE), Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- PengCheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hongwei Zheng
- Beijing Academy of Blockchain and Edge Computing (BABEC), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics (LMIB), Beihang University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Software Development Environment (NLSDE), Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- PengCheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longzhao Liu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics (LMIB), Beihang University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Software Development Environment (NLSDE), Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- PengCheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqian Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics (LMIB), Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics (LMIB), Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key laboratory of Mathematics, Informatics and Behavioral Semantics (LMIB), Beihang University, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Software Development Environment (NLSDE), Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- PengCheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Rong B, Huang H, Gao G, Sun L, Zhou Y, Xiao L, Wang H, Wang G. Widespread Intra- and Inter-Network Dysconnectivity among Large-Scale Resting State Networks in Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093176. [PMID: 37176617 PMCID: PMC10179370 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by the distributed dysconnectivity of resting-state multiple brain networks. However, the abnormalities of intra- and inter-network functional connectivity (FC) in schizophrenia and its relationship to symptoms remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to compare the intra- and inter-connectivity of the intrinsic networks between a large sample of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Using the Region of interest (ROI) to ROI FC analyses, the intra- and inter-network FC of the eight resting state networks [default mode network (DMN); salience network (SN); frontoparietal network (FPN); dorsal attention network (DAN); language network (LN); visual network (VN); sensorimotor network (SMN); and cerebellar network (CN)] were investigated in 196 schizophrenia and 169-healthy controls. Compared to the healthy control group, the schizophrenia group exhibited increased intra-network FC in the DMN and decreased intra-network FC in the CN. Additionally, the schizophrenia group showed the decreased inter-network FC mainly involved the SN-DMN, SN-LN and SN-CN while increased inter-network FC in the SN-SMN and SN-DAN (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Our study suggests widespread intra- and inter-network dysconnectivity among large-scale RSNs in schizophrenia, mainly involving the DMN, SN and SMN, which may further contribute to the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guoqing Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Wang C, Tishler TA, Oughourlian T, Nuechterlein KH, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Ellingson BM. Prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial evaluating longitudinal changes in brain function and microstructure in first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate versus oral antipsychotics. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:222-232. [PMID: 37019033 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Widespread anatomical alterations and abnormal functional connectivity have shown strong association with symptom severity in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients. Second-generation antipsychotic treatment might slow disease progression and possibly modify the cerebral plasticity in FES patients. However, whether a long-acting injectable antipsychotic (paliperidone palmitate [PP]), available in monthly and every-3-months formulations, is more effective than oral antipsychotics (OAP) in improving cerebral organization has been unclear. Therefore, in the current longitudinal study, we evaluated the differences in functional and microstructural changes of 68 FES patients in a randomized clinical trial of PP vs OAP. When compared to OAP treatment, PP treatment was more effective in decreasing abnormally high fronto-temporal and thalamo-temporal connectivity, as well as increasing fronto-sensorimotor and thalamo-insular connectivity. Consistent with previous studies, multiple white matter pathways showed larger changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in response to PP compared with OAP treatment. These findings suggest that PP treatment might reduce regional abnormalities and improve cerebral connectivity networks compared with OAP treatment, and identified changes that may serve as reliable imaging biomarkers associated with medication treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencai Wang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Todd A Tishler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Talia Oughourlian
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico; Neuropsychiatry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Dygalo NN. Connectivity of the Brain in the Light of Chemogenetic Modulation of Neuronal Activity. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:4-13. [PMID: 37538804 PMCID: PMC10395778 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Connectivity is the coordinated activity of the neuronal networks responsible for brain functions; it is detected based on functional magnetic resonance imaging signals that depend on the oxygen level in the blood (blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals) supplying the brain. The BOLD signal is only indirectly related to the underlying neuronal activity; therefore, it remains an open question whether connectivity and changes in it are only manifestations of normal and pathological states of the brain or they are, to some extent, the causes of these states. The creation of chemogenetic receptors activated by synthetic drugs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs, DREADDs), which, depending on the receptor type, either facilitate or, on the contrary, inhibit the neuronal response to received physiological stimuli, makes it possible to assess brain connectivity in the light of controlled neuronal activity. Evidence suggests that connectivity is based on neuronal activity and is a manifestation of connections between brain regions that integrate sensory, cognitive, and motor functions. Chemogenetic modulation of the activity of various groups and types of neurons changes the connectivity of the brain and its complex functions. Chemogenetics can be useful in reconfiguring the pathological mechanisms of nervous and mental diseases. The initiated integration, based on the whole-brain connectome from molecular-cellular, neuronal, and synaptic processes to higher nervous activity and behavior, has the potential to significantly increase the fundamental and applied value of this branch of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Dygalo
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
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37
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Iasevoli F, D’Ambrosio L, Ciccarelli M, Barone A, Gaudieri V, Cocozza S, Pontillo G, Brunetti A, Cuocolo A, de Bartolomeis A, Pappatà S. Altered Patterns of Brain Glucose Metabolism Involve More Extensive and Discrete Cortical Areas in Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia Patients Compared to Responder Patients and Controls: Results From a Head-to-Head 2-[18F]-FDG-PET Study. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:474-485. [PMID: 36268829 PMCID: PMC10016407 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) affects almost 30% of patients with schizophrenia and has been considered a different phenotype of the disease. In vivo characterization of brain metabolic patterns associated with treatment response could contribute to elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of TRS. Here, we used 2-[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to provide the first head-to-head comparative analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in TRS patients compared to schizophrenia responder patients (nTRS), and controls. Additionally, we investigated, for the first time, the differences between clozapine responders (Clz-R) and non-responders (Clz-nR). STUDY DESIGN 53 participants underwent FDG-PET studies (41 patients and 12 controls). Response to conventional antipsychotics and to clozapine was evaluated using a standardized prospective procedure based on PANSS score changes. Maps of relative brain glucose metabolism were processed for voxel-based analysis using Statistical Parametric Mapping software. STUDY RESULTS Restricted areas of significant bilateral relative hypometabolism in the superior frontal gyrus characterized TRS compared to nTRS. Moreover, reduced parietal and frontal metabolism was associated with high PANSS disorganization factor scores in TRS (P < .001 voxel level uncorrected, P < .05 cluster level FWE-corrected). Only TRS compared to controls showed significant bilateral prefrontal relative hypometabolism, more extensive in CLZ-nR than in CLZ-R (P < .05 voxel level FWE-corrected). Relative significant hypermetabolism was observed in the temporo-occipital regions in TRS compared to nTRS and controls. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that, in TRS patients, altered metabolism involved discrete brain regions not found affected in nTRS, possibly indicating a more severe disrupted functional brain network associated with disorganization symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi D’Ambrosio
- Section of Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ciccarelli
- Section of Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Gaudieri
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sirio Cocozza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pontillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabina Pappatà
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via T. De Amicis 95, 80145, Naples, Italy
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Arnatkeviciute A, Markello RD, Fulcher BD, Misic B, Fornito A. Toward Best Practices for Imaging Transcriptomics of the Human Brain. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:391-404. [PMID: 36725139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Modern brainwide transcriptional atlases provide unprecedented opportunities for investigating the molecular correlates of brain organization, as quantified using noninvasive neuroimaging. However, integrating neuroimaging data with transcriptomic measures is not straightforward, and careful consideration is required to make valid inferences. In this article, we review recent work exploring how various methodological choices affect 3 main phases of imaging transcriptomic analyses, including 1) processing of transcriptional atlas data; 2) relating transcriptional measures to independently derived neuroimaging phenotypes; and 3) evaluating the functional implications of identified associations through gene enrichment analyses. Our aim is to facilitate the development of standardized and reproducible approaches for this rapidly growing field. We identify sources of methodological variability, key choices that can affect findings, and considerations for mitigating false positive and/or spurious results. Finally, we provide an overview of freely available open-source toolboxes implementing current best-practice procedures across all 3 analysis phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurina Arnatkeviciute
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ross D Markello
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben D Fulcher
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bratislav Misic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Fang XT, Volpi T, Holmes SE, Esterlis I, Carson RE, Worhunsky PD. Linking resting-state network fluctuations with systems of coherent synaptic density: A multimodal fMRI and 11C-UCB-J PET study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1124254. [PMID: 36908710 PMCID: PMC9995441 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1124254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Resting-state network (RSN) connectivity is a widely used measure of the brain's functional organization in health and disease; however, little is known regarding the underlying neurophysiology of RSNs. The aim of the current study was to investigate associations between RSN connectivity and synaptic density assessed using the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A radioligand 11C-UCB-J PET. Methods: Independent component analyses (ICA) were performed on resting-state fMRI and PET data from 34 healthy adult participants (16F, mean age: 46 ± 15 years) to identify a priori RSNs of interest (default-mode, right frontoparietal executive-control, salience, and sensorimotor networks) and select sources of 11C-UCB-J variability (medial prefrontal, striatal, and medial parietal). Pairwise correlations were performed to examine potential intermodal associations between the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of RSNs and subject loadings of 11C-UCB-J source networks both locally and along known anatomical and functional pathways. Results: Greater medial prefrontal synaptic density was associated with greater fALFF of the anterior default-mode, posterior default-mode, and executive-control networks. Greater striatal synaptic density was associated with greater fALFF of the anterior default-mode and salience networks. Post-hoc mediation analyses exploring relationships between aging, synaptic density, and RSN activity revealed a significant indirect effect of greater age on fALFF of the anterior default-mode network mediated by the medial prefrontal 11C-UCB-J source. Discussion: RSN functional connectivity may be linked to synaptic architecture through multiple local and circuit-based associations. Findings regarding healthy aging, lower prefrontal synaptic density, and lower default-mode activity provide initial evidence of a neurophysiological link between RSN activity and local synaptic density, which may have relevance in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian T. Fang
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tommaso Volpi
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sophie E. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Richard E. Carson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Impact of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on functional network connectivity in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations. Psychiatry Res 2023; 320:114974. [PMID: 36587467 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a key symptom of schizophrenia. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown potential in the treatment of AVH. However, the underlying neural mechanismof rTMS in the treatment of AVH remains largely unknown. In this study, we used a static and dynamic functional network connectivity approach to investigate the connectivity changes among the brain functional networks in schizophrenia patients with AVH receiving 1 Hz rTMS treatment. The static functional network connectivity (sFNC) analysis revealed that patients at baseline had significantly decreased connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and language network (LAN), and within the executive control network (ECN) as well as within the auditory network (AUD) compared to controls. However, the abnormal network connectivity patterns were normalized or restored after rTMS treatment in patients, instead of increased connectivity between the ECN and LAN, as well as within the AUD. Moreover, the dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analysis showed that the patients at baseline spent more time in this state that was characterized by strongly negative connectivity between the ENC and AUD, as well as within the AUD relative to controls. While after rTMS treatment, the patients showed a higher occurrence rate in this state that was characterized by strongly positive connectivity among the LAN, DMN, and ENC, as well as within the ECN. In addition, the altered static and dynamic connectivity properties were associated with reduced severity of clinical symptoms. Both sFNC and dFNC analyses provided complementary information and suggested that low-frequency rTMS treatment could induce intrinsic functional network alternations and contribute to improvements in clinical symptoms in patients with AVH.
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Progressive brain abnormalities in schizophrenia across different illness periods: a structural and functional MRI study. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36604437 PMCID: PMC9816110 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder, and neuroimaging abnormalities have been reported in different stages of the illness for decades. However, when and how these brain abnormalities occur and evolve remains undetermined. We hypothesized structural and functional brain abnormalities progress throughout the illness course at different rates in schizophrenia. A total of 115 patients with schizophrenia were recruited and stratified into three groups of different illness periods: 5-year group (illness duration: ≤5 years), 15-year group (illness duration: 12-18 years), and 25-year group (illness duration: ≥25 years); 230 healthy controls were matched by age and sex to the three groups, respectively. All participants underwent resting-state MRI scanning. Each group of patients with schizophrenia was compared with the corresponding controls in terms of voxel-based morphometry (VBM), fractional anisotropy (FA), global functional connectivity density (gFCD), and sample entropy (SampEn) abnormalities. In the 5-year group we observed only SampEn abnormalities in the putamen. In the 15-year group, we observed VBM abnormalities in the insula and cingulate gyrus and gFCD abnormalities in the temporal cortex. In the 25-year group, we observed FA abnormalities in nearly all white matter tracts, and additional VBM and gFCD abnormalities in the frontal cortex and cerebellum. By using two structural and two functional MRI analysis methods, we demonstrated that individual functional abnormalities occur in limited brain areas initially, functional connectivity and gray matter density abnormalities ensue later in wider brain areas, and structural connectivity abnormalities involving almost all white matter tracts emerge in the third decade of the course in schizophrenia.
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Messaritaki E, Foley S, Barawi K, Ettinger U, Jones DK. Increased structural connectivity in high schizotypy. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:213-233. [PMID: 37334008 PMCID: PMC10270715 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between brain structural connectivity and schizotypy was explored in two healthy participant cohorts, collected at two different neuroimaging centres, comprising 140 and 115 participants, respectively. The participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), through which their schizotypy scores were calculated. Diffusion-MRI data were used to perform tractography and to generate the structural brain networks of the participants. The edges of the networks were weighted with the inverse radial diffusivity. Graph theoretical metrics of the default mode, sensorimotor, visual, and auditory subnetworks were derived and their correlation coefficients with the schizotypy scores were calculated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that graph theoretical measures of structural brain networks are investigated in relation to schizotypy. A positive correlation was found between the schizotypy score and the mean node degree and mean clustering coefficient of the sensorimotor and the default mode subnetworks. The nodes driving these correlations were the right postcentral gyrus, the left paracentral lobule, the right superior frontal gyrus, the left parahippocampal gyrus, and the bilateral precuneus, that is, nodes that exhibit compromised functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Implications for schizophrenia and schizotypy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Messaritaki
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sonya Foley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kali Barawi
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Derek K. Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Xie Y, Guan M, He Y, Wang Z, Ma Z, Fang P, Wang H. The Static and dynamic functional connectivity characteristics of the left temporoparietal junction region in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations during low-frequency rTMS treatment. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1071769. [PMID: 36761865 PMCID: PMC9907463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1071769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a core symptom of schizophrenia. Low-frequency (e.g., 1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting language processing regions (e.g., left TPJ) has been evident as a potential treatment for AVH. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of the rTMS treatment effect remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 1 Hz rTMS on functional connectivity (FC) of the temporoparietal junction area (TPJ) seed with the whole brain in schizophrenia patients with AVH. METHODS Using a single-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 55 patients with AVH were randomly divided into active treatment group (n = 30) or placebo group (n = 25). The active treatment group receive 15-day 1 Hz rTMS stimulation to the left TPJ, whereas the placebo group received sham rTMS stimulation to the same site. Resting-state fMRI scans and clinical measures were acquired for all patients before and after treatment. The seed-based (left TPJ) static and DFC was used to assess the connectivity characteristics during rTMS treatment in patients with AVH. RESULTS Overall, symptom improvement following 1 Hz rTMS treatment was found in the active treatment group, whereas no change occurred in the placebo group. Moreover, decreased static FC (SFC) of the left TPJ with the right temporal lobes, as well as increased SFC with the prefrontal cortex and subcortical structure were observed in active rTMS group. Increased dynamic FC (DFC) of the left TPJ with frontoparietal areas was also found in the active rTMS group. However, seed-based SFC and DFC were reduced to a great extent in the placebo group. In addition, these changed FC (SFC) strengths in the active rTMS group were associated with reduced severity of clinical outcomes (e.g., positive symptoms). CONCLUSION The application of 1 Hz rTMS over the left TPJ may affect connectivity characteristics of the targeted region and contribute to clinical improvement, which shed light on the therapeutic effect of rTMS on schizophrenia with AVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Xie
- School of Education, Xinyang College, Xinyang, China.,Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Muzhen Guan
- Department of Mental Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhujing Ma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Fu Y, Niu M, Gao Y, Dong S, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Zhuo C. Altered nonlinear Granger causality interactions in the large-scale brain networks of patients with schizophrenia. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 36579785 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acabe7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective.It has been demonstrated that schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by functional dysconnectivity involving extensive brain networks. However, the majority of previous studies utilizing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to infer abnormal functional connectivity (FC) in patients with SZ have focused on the linear correlation that one brain region may influence another, ignoring the inherently nonlinear properties of fMRI signals.Approach. In this paper, we present a neural Granger causality (NGC) technique for examining the changes in SZ's nonlinear causal couplings. We develop static and dynamic NGC-based analyses of large-scale brain networks at several network levels, estimating complicated temporal and causal relationships in SZ patients.Main results. We find that the NGC-based FC matrices can detect large and significant differences between the SZ and healthy control groups at both the regional and subnetwork scales. These differences are persistent and significantly overlapped at various network sparsities regardless of whether the brain networks were built using static or dynamic techniques. In addition, compared to controls, patients with SZ exhibited extensive NGC confusion patterns throughout the entire brain.Significance. These findings imply that the NGC-based FCs may be a useful method for quantifying the abnormalities in the causal influences of patients with SZ, hence shedding fresh light on the pathophysiology of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhang Gao
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunjie Dong
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Brain Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhuo
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Collaborative Sensing and Autonomous Unmanned Systems of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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45
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Wu Q, Huang X, Culbreth AJ, Waltz JA, Hong LE, Chen S. Extracting brain disease-related connectome subgraphs by adaptive dense subgraph discovery. Biometrics 2022; 78:1566-1578. [PMID: 34374075 PMCID: PMC10396394 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Group-level brain connectome analysis has attracted increasing interest in neuropsychiatric research with the goal of identifying connectomic subnetworks (subgraphs) that are systematically associated with brain disorders. However, extracting disease-related subnetworks from the whole brain connectome has been challenging, because no prior knowledge is available regarding the sizes and locations of the subnetworks. In addition, neuroimaging data are often mixed with substantial noise that can further obscure informative subnetwork detection. We propose a likelihood-based adaptive dense subgraph discovery (ADSD) model to extract disease-related subgraphs from the group-level whole brain connectome data. Our method is robust to both false positive and false negative errors of edge-wise inference and thus can lead to a more accurate discovery of latent disease-related connectomic subnetworks. We develop computationally efficient algorithms to implement the novel ADSD objective function and derive theoretical results to guarantee the convergence properties. We apply the proposed approach to a brain fMRI study for schizophrenia research and identify well-organized and biologically meaningful subnetworks that exhibit schizophrenia-related salience network centered connectivity abnormality. Analysis of synthetic data also demonstrates the superior performance of the ADSD method for latent subnetwork detection in comparison with existing methods in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Department of Mathematics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam J. Culbreth
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James A. Waltz
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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46
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Zhang S, Li W, Xiang Q, Kuai X, Zhuo K, Wang J, Xu Y, Li Y, Liu D. Longitudinal alterations of modular functional-metabolic coupling in first-episode schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:705-712. [PMID: 36410309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Altered network organization and aberrant neurometabolic levels have been associated with schizophrenia. However, modular alterations of functional-neurometabolic coupling in various stages of schizophrenia remain unclear. This longitudinal study enrolled 34 drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and 30 healthy controls (HC). The FES patients underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months of treatment. For 1H-MRS, the concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate + glutamine in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region were measured. A graph theoretical approach was applied for functional connectivity-based modular parcellation. We found that intra-default mode network (DMN) connectivity, inter-modular connectivity between the DMN and the hippocampus, and inter-modular connectivity between the DMN and the frontoparietal module were significantly different across 6-month treatment in the FES patients. The inter-module connectivity of the DMN and hippocampus correlated positively with NAA concentration in the HC group, while this correlation was absent in FES patients. This exploratory study suggests an altered modular connectivity in association with neurometabolite concentrations in FES patients and provides insights into multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers in schizophrenia. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to consolidate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Xiang
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinping Kuai
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiming Zhuo
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Mental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dengtang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Mental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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47
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Cahart MS, Dell’Acqua F, Giampietro V, Cabral J, Timmers M, Streffer J, Einstein S, Zelaya F, Williams SCR, O’Daly O. Test-retest reliability of time-varying patterns of brain activity across single band and multiband resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy older adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:980280. [PMID: 36438643 PMCID: PMC9685802 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.980280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA) is an analytic approach that characterizes brain activity recorded with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) as a succession of discrete phase-locking patterns, or states, that consistently recur over time across all participants. LEiDA allows for the extraction of three state-related measures which have previously been key to gaining a better understanding of brain dynamics in both healthy and clinical populations: the probability of occurrence of a given state, its lifetime and the probability of switching from one state to another. The degree to which test-retest reliability of the LEiDA measures may be affected by increasing MRI multiband (MB) factors in comparison with single band sequences is yet to be established. In this study, 24 healthy older adults were scanned over three sessions, on weeks 0, 1, and 4. On each visit, they underwent a conventional single band resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scan and three different MB rs-fMRI scans, with MB factors of 4, with and without in-plane acceleration, and 6 without in-plane acceleration. We found test-retest reliability scores to be significantly higher with MB factor 4 with and without in-plane acceleration for most cortical networks. These findings will inform the choice of acquisition parameters for future studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Stephanie Cahart
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Flavio Dell’Acqua
- NatBrainLab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Cabral
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maarten Timmers
- Janssen Research and Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Johannes Streffer
- AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen O’Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Parnell E, Culotta L, Forrest MP, Jalloul HA, Eckman BL, Loizzo DD, Horan KKE, Dos Santos M, Piguel NH, Tai DJC, Zhang H, Gertler TS, Simkin D, Sanders AR, Talkowski ME, Gejman PV, Kiskinis E, Duan J, Penzes P. Excitatory Dysfunction Drives Network and Calcium Handling Deficits in 16p11.2 Duplication Schizophrenia Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons. Biol Psychiatry 2022:S0006-3223(22)01718-8. [PMID: 36581494 PMCID: PMC10166768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with a large genetic contribution; however, its neurodevelopmental substrates remain largely unknown. Modeling pathogenic processes in SCZ using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (iNs) has emerged as a promising strategy. Copy number variants confer high genetic risk for SCZ, with duplication of the 16p11.2 locus increasing the risk 14.5-fold. METHODS To dissect the contribution of induced excitatory neurons (iENs) versus GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) neurons (iGNs) to SCZ pathophysiology, we induced iNs from CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 isogenic and SCZ patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and analyzed SCZ-related phenotypes in iEN monocultures and iEN/iGN cocultures. RESULTS In iEN/iGN cocultures, neuronal firing and synchrony were reduced at later, but not earlier, stages of in vitro development. These were fully recapitulated in iEN monocultures, indicating a primary role for iENs. Moreover, isogenic iENs showed reduced dendrite length and deficits in calcium handling. iENs from 16p11.2 duplication-carrying patients with SCZ displayed overlapping deficits in network synchrony, dendrite outgrowth, and calcium handling. Transcriptomic analysis of both iEN cohorts revealed molecular markers of disease related to the glutamatergic synapse, neuroarchitecture, and calcium regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the presence of 16p11.2 duplication-dependent alterations in SCZ patient-derived iENs. Transcriptomics and cellular phenotyping reveal overlap between isogenic and patient-derived iENs, suggesting a central role of glutamatergic, morphological, and calcium dysregulation in 16p11.2 duplication-mediated pathogenesis. Moreover, excitatory dysfunction during early neurodevelopment is implicated as the basis of SCZ pathogenesis in 16p11.2 duplication carriers. Our results support network synchrony and calcium handling as outcomes directly linked to this genetic risk variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan Parnell
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lorenza Culotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marc P Forrest
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hiba A Jalloul
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Blair L Eckman
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel D Loizzo
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katherine K E Horan
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marc Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicolas H Piguel
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Derek J C Tai
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tracy S Gertler
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dina Simkin
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alan R Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Northwestern University Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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Cai M, Wang R, Liu M, Du X, Xue K, Ji Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Guo L, Qin W, Zhu W, Fu J, Liu F. Disrupted local functional connectivity in schizophrenia: An updated and extended meta-analysis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:93. [PMID: 36347874 PMCID: PMC9643538 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have shown that schizophrenia is associated with disruption of resting-state local functional connectivity. However, these findings vary considerably, which hampers our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Here, we performed an updated and extended meta-analysis to identify the most consistent changes of local functional connectivity measured by regional homogeneity (ReHo) in schizophrenia. Specifically, a systematic search of ReHo studies in patients with schizophrenia in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified 18 studies (20 datasets), including 652 patients and 596 healthy controls. In addition, we included three whole-brain statistical maps of ReHo differences calculated based on independent datasets (163 patients and 194 controls). A voxel-wise meta-analysis was then conducted to investigate ReHo alterations and their relationship with clinical characteristics using the newly developed seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI) meta-analytic approach. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher ReHo in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, while lower ReHo in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right middle occipital gyrus. The following sensitivity analyses including jackknife analysis, subgroup analysis, heterogeneity test, and publication bias test demonstrated that our results were robust and highly reliable. Meta-regression analysis revealed that illness duration was negatively correlated with ReHo abnormalities in the right precentral/postcentral gyrus. This comprehensive meta-analysis not only identified consistent and reliably aberrant local functional connectivity in schizophrenia but also helped to further deepen our understanding of its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Cai
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mengge Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaotong Du
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Kaizhong Xue
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Lining Guo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wenshuang Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jilian Fu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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50
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Snelleksz M, Rossell SL, Gibbons A, Nithianantharajah J, Dean B. Evidence that the frontal pole has a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114850. [PMID: 36174274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Different regions of the cortex have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Recently published data suggested there are many more changes in gene expression in the frontal pole (Brodmann's Area (BA) 10) compared to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and the anterior cingulate cortex (BA 33) from patients with schizophrenia. These data argued that the frontal pole is significantly affected by the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The frontal pole is a region necessary for higher cognitive functions and is highly interconnected with many other brain regions. In this review we summarise the growing body of evidence to support the hypothesis that a dysfunctional frontal pole, due at least in part to its widespread effects on brain function, is making an important contribution to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We detail the many structural, cellular and molecular abnormalities in the frontal pole from people with schizophrenia and present findings that argue the symptoms of schizophrenia are closely linked to dysfunction in this critical brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Snelleksz
- Synaptic Biology and Cognition Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- The Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Synaptic Biology and Cognition Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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