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Komatsu T, Fraune MR, Tsui KM, Suda S, Kobayashi M. How did COVID-19 pandemic affect the older adults' needs for robot technologies in Japan?: comparison of participatory design workshops during versus after the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Robot AI 2024; 11:1363243. [PMID: 38894894 PMCID: PMC11184464 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1363243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Social technology can improve the quality of social lives of older adults (OAs) and mitigate negative mental and physical health outcomes. When people engage with technology, they can do so to stimulate social interaction (stimulation hypothesis) or disengage from their real world (disengagement hypothesis), according to Nowland et al.'s model of the relationship between social Internet use and loneliness. External events, such as large periods of social isolation like during the COVID-19 pandemic, can also affect whether people use technology in line with the stimulation or disengagement hypothesis. We examined how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the social challenges OAs faced and their expectations for robot technology to solve their challenges. We conducted two participatory design (PD) workshops with OAs during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, OAs' primary concern was distanced communication with family members, with a prevalent desire to assist them through technology. They also wanted to share experiences socially, as such OA's attitude toward technology could be explained mostly by the stimulation hypothesis. However, after COVID-19 the pandemic, their focus shifted towards their own wellbeing. Social isolation and loneliness were already significant issues for OAs, and these were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, such OAs' attitudes toward technology after the pandemic could be explained mostly by the disengagement hypothesis. This clearly reflect the OA's current situation that they have been getting further digitally excluded due to rapid technological development during the pandemic. Both during and after the pandemic, OAs found it important to have technologies that were easy to use, which would reduce their digital exclusion. After the pandemic, we found this especially in relation to newly developed technologies meant to help people keep at a distance. To effectively integrate these technologies and avoid excluding large parts of the population, society must address the social challenges faced by OAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Komatsu
- Department of Frontier Media Science, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marlena R. Fraune
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | | | - Shogo Suda
- Department of Frontier Media Science, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kobayashi
- Department of Frontier Media Science, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
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Neri L, Marziani B, Sebastiani P, Del Beato T, Colanardi A, Legge MP, Aureli A. Aggressiveness in Italian Children with ADHD: MAOA Gene Polymorphism Involvement. Diseases 2024; 12:70. [PMID: 38667528 PMCID: PMC11049508 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that children and adults can develop. A complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors may underlie interindividual variability in ADHD and potentially related aggressive behavior. Using high-resolution molecular biology techniques, we investigated the impact of some MAOA and SLC6A4 variations on ADHD and aggressive behavior in a group of 80 Italian children with ADHD and in 80 healthy controls. We found that homozygous genotypes of MAOA rs6323 and rs1137070 were associated with an increased risk of ADHD (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively), whereas the heterozygous genotypes (GT of rs6323 and CT of rs1137030) (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0006) were strongly linked to a lower risk of developing this disorder. In patients with aggressive behavior, we highlighted only a weak negative association of both MAOA polymorphisms (heterozygous genotypes) with aggressiveness, suggesting that these genotypes may be protective towards specific changes in behavior (p = 0.05). Interestingly, an increase in the GG genotype of rs6323 (p = 0.01) and a decrease in GT genotype (p = 0.0005) was also found in patients without aggressive behavior compared to controls. Regarding 5HTT gene genotyping, no allele and genotype differences have been detected among patients and controls. Our work shows that defining a genetic profile of ADHD may help in the early detection of patients who are more vulnerable to ADHD and/or antisocial and aggressive behavior and to design precision-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Neri
- Neurology and Psychiatry Unit for Children and Adolescents, San Salvatore Hospital, via L. Natali, 1, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Beatrice Marziani
- Emergency Medicine Department, Sant’Anna University Hospital, Via A. Moro, 8, Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Sebastiani
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Carducci 32, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.S.); (T.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Tiziana Del Beato
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Carducci 32, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.S.); (T.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessia Colanardi
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Carducci 32, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.S.); (T.D.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Pia Legge
- Neurology and Psychiatry Unit for Children and Adolescents, San Salvatore Hospital, via L. Natali, 1, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.N.); (M.P.L.)
| | - Anna Aureli
- CNR Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Via Carducci 32, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.S.); (T.D.B.); (A.C.)
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Guido A, Marconi E, Peruzzi L, Dinapoli N, Tamburrini G, Attinà G, Romano A, Maurizi P, Mastrangelo S, Chiesa S, Gambacorta MA, Ruggiero A, Chieffo DPR. Psychological Experiences of Parents of Pediatric Cancer Patients during and after COVID-19 Pandemic. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:891. [PMID: 38473253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family members dealing with the devastating impact of a cancer diagnosis are now facing even greater vulnerability due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside the already overwhelming trauma, they must also bear the distressing burden of the infection risks. The purpose of this study was to examine and explore the effects in parents of pediatric cancer patients two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to compare these data with the previous data. METHODS We conducted a single-center prospective observational study, enrolling 75 parents of 42 pediatric oncology patients. Four questionnaires (IES-R; PSS; STAI-Y and PedsQL) were given to the parents 2 years after the first evaluation. RESULTS The bivariate matrix of correlation found a strong significant positive correlation between IES-R and PSS scores (r = 0.526, p < 0.001) as in T1. Stress symptoms (t = 0.00, p < 0.001) and levels of anxiety (trait) (t = 0.32, p < 0.001) remained unchanged; anxiety state levels appeared to have increased (t = 0.425, p < 0.001); there was a significant decrease in the PedsQL tot (t = 5.25, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the levels of stress and anxiety of parents and the quality of life of patients, also correlating with the traumatic impact of the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Guido
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marconi
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Peruzzi
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Dinapoli
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Tamburrini
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Romano
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Maurizi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Chiesa
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Gambacorta
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health Department, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Carmassi C, Sampogna G, Di Vincenzo M, Cipolla S, Toni C, Albert U, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell'Osso B, Fantasia S, Nanni MG, Pedrinelli V, Pompili M, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U, Fiorillo A. Acute stress symptoms in general population during the first wave of COVID lockdown in Italy: Results from the COMET trial. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3314. [PMID: 37990771 PMCID: PMC10726770 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event that has severely impacted social, economic, and health well-being worldwide. The COvid Mental hEalth Trial was specifically designed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on the mental health of the Italian general population in terms of COVID-19-related acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms. METHODS The present cross-sectional study is based on an online survey carried out in the period March-May 2020. Italian general adult population was invited to compile an anonymous survey, which included the severity of acute stress symptoms scale/National Stressful Events Survey Short Scale to investigate the occurrence and severity of ASD symptoms. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. During the lockdown, subjects with pre-existing mental health problems reported a statistically significant higher risk of acute post-traumatic symptoms compared to the general population (B: 2.57; 95% CI:2.04-3.09; p < .0001) and health care professionals (B: .37; 95% CI: .02-0.72; p < .05). According to multivariate regression models, the levels of acute post-traumatic symptoms (p < .0001) were higher in younger and female respondents. Social isolation and sleep disorder/insomnia represented positive predictors of acute stress (B = 3.32, 95% CI = 3.08-3.57). CONCLUSIONS Concerns about the risk of infection as well as social isolation caused a higher incidence of acute post-traumatic stress symptoms that may predict the subsequent development of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Matteo Di Vincenzo
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Salvatore Cipolla
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Claudia Toni
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health SciencesUniversity of Trieste and Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina–ASUGITriesteItaly
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milan BicoccaMilanoItaly
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental HealthNational Institute of HealthRomeItaly
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain TherapeuticUniversity of MilanMilanoItaly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sara Fantasia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and RehabilitationUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | | | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of PsychiatryUniversity Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, Sensory organs and Thorax, Department of PsychiatryFondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly
| | | | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry UnitDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversità Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
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Ling K, Langlois D, Preusse H, Rheman JM, Parson D, Kuballa S, Simecek M, Tsui KM, Fraune MR. "If you weren't connected to the Internet, you were not alive": experience of using social technology during COVID-19 in adults 50. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1177683. [PMID: 37876716 PMCID: PMC10590895 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1177683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loneliness and social isolation reduce physical and mental wellbeing. Older adults are particularly prone to social isolation due to decreased connection with previous social networks such as at workplaces. Social technology can decrease loneliness and improve wellbeing. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted quarantine and social distancing for many people, creating a context of widespread social isolation. Method In the current study, we interviewed middle-aged and older adults' (n = 20) about their use of social technology when social isolation was common: during the early part of the pandemic while social isolation and masking were still required in the United States, between August 2020 and June 2021.We analyzed the data using three-phase coding. We compare our results against the model of the bidirectional and dynamic relationship between social internet use and loneliness. Results We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, our participants experienced decreased social interaction and moved toward online interaction. Participant use of social technology supported the stimulation hypothesis - that is, they used it to maintain existing relationships and social connection. The findings also add novel evidence that the stimulation hypothesis endures for older adults during enforced isolation (in this case due to the COVID- 19 pandemic). Discussion Based on our data, we also propose adding the presence or realism of connection via social technology as a main factor to the model and engaging with construal level theory of social presence to fill in critical variables of this relationship. We further find that digital exclusion acts as a barrier to obtaining benefits from stimulation via social technology and recommend that further research examined digital exclusion in relation to the bidirectional and dynamic model. Finally, we discuss recommendations for improving social technology to benefit middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Ling
- Intergroup Human-Robot Interaction Lab, Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | | | - Harrison Preusse
- Intergroup Human-Robot Interaction Lab, Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Rheman
- Intergroup Human-Robot Interaction Lab, Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Danya Parson
- Intergroup Human-Robot Interaction Lab, Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Sarah Kuballa
- Intergroup Human-Robot Interaction Lab, Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Martin Simecek
- Intergroup Human-Robot Interaction Lab, Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | | | - Marlena R. Fraune
- Intergroup Human-Robot Interaction Lab, Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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6
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Yang T, He Y, Wu L, Ren L, Lin J, Wang C, Wu S, Liu X. The relationships between anxiety and suicidal ideation and between depression and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students: A network analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20938. [PMID: 37876446 PMCID: PMC10590950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a worldwide public health problem. Evidence from previous studies has confirmed the relationship among anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. However, the complex psychopathological pathways between anxiety and suicidal ideation and between depression and suicidal ideation require further study. Methods A total of 505 college students from Shanghai during COVID-19 pandemic were investigated in an online study. Anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation of the participants were investigated. R software was used to construct the anxiety-suicidal ideation and depression-suicidal ideation networks and to evaluate the bridge expected influences. Results The anxiety-suicidal ideation network had 28 cross-community edges, the strongest one was A7 "Afraid something will happen"-S7 "Unable to solve personal problem"; A5 "Restlessness" and S3 "Hopelessness and suicide thoughts" had the highest bridge expected influences. The depression-suicidal ideation network had 36 cross-community edges, and the strongest one was D9 "Thoughts of death"-S5 "Unable to accomplish something important"; D9 "Thoughts of death" and S3 "Hopelessness and suicide thoughts" had the highest bridge expected influences. Conclusion Intricate psychopathological pathways exist between anxiety and suicidal ideation and between depression and suicidal ideation. "Restlessness", "Thoughts of death" and "Hopelessness and suicide thoughts" are considered targets for suicidal ideation interventions. The present study enriches the theory of symptoms and mental disorders and provides a reliable reference for the intervention practice of suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaying Lin
- International School of Law and Finance, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoxian Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
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Sampogna G, Di Vincenzo M, Luciano M, Della Rocca B, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U, Fiorillo A. The effect of social media and infodemic on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from the COMET multicentric trial. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1226414. [PMID: 37575576 PMCID: PMC10412935 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1226414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the status of pandemic due to the COVID-19 infection. The initial phases of the pandemic were characterized by uncertainty and public fears. In order to cope with such unexpected conditions, people adopted different coping strategies, including search for information, accessing Internet, and using social media. The present study based on the COMET collaborative research network aims to: (1) assess use of Internet and of social media among the Italian general population; (2) explore differences in web usage between people with pre-existing mental disorders and the general population; (3) identify changes over time in social media usage along the phase 1 of the pandemic; (4) identify the clinical, socio-demographic and contextual predictors of excessive use of social media. A significant increase in time spent on Internet, with an average time of 4.8 ± 0.02 h per day, was found in the global sample of 20,720 participants. Compared with the general population, Internet use was significantly higher in people with pre-existing mental disorders (5.2 ± 0.1 h vs. 4.9 ± 0.02; p < 0.005). According to the multivariate logistic regression model, the risk of excessive use of social media and Internet was significantly higher in people with moderate levels of depressive symptoms (OR: 1.26, CI 95%: 0.99 to 1.59, p < 0.0.005); while protective factors were being students (OR: 0.72, CI 95%: 0.53 to 0.96, p < 0.0029) and living in central Italy (OR: 0.46, CI 95%: 0.23 to 0.90, p < 0.002). The evaluation of social media and Internet use by the general population represents a first step for developing specific protective and supportive interventions for the general population, including practical suggestions on how to safely use Internet and social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Vincenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Della Rocca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina—ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Sensory Organs and Thorax, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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8
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Rus Prelog P, Matić T, Pregelj P, Sadikov A. A pilot predictive model based on COVID-19 data to assess suicidal ideation indirectly. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:318-324. [PMID: 37247460 PMCID: PMC10204589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of the population. Many studies reported high levels of psychological distress and rising rates of suicidal ideation (SI). Data on a range of psychometric scales from 1790 respondents were collected in Slovenia through an online survey between July 2020 and January 2021. As a worrying percentage (9.7%) of respondents reported having SI within the last month, the goal of this study was to estimate the presence of SI, as indicated by the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS). The estimation was based on the change of habits, demographic features, strategies for coping with stress, and satisfaction with three most important aspects of life (relationships, finances, and housing). This could both help recognize the telltale factors indicative of SI and potentially identify people at risk. The factors were specifically selected to be discreet about suicide, likely sacrificing some accuracy in return. We tried four machine learning algorithms: binary logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost, and support vector machines. Logistic regression, random forest, and XGBoost models achieved comparable performance with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.83 on previously unseen data. We found an association between various subscales of Brief-COPE and SI; Self-Blame was especially indicative of the presence of SI, followed by increase in Substance Use, low Positive Reframing, Behavioral Disengagement, dissatisfaction with relationships and lower age. The results showed that the presence of SI can be estimated with reasonable specificity and sensitivity based on the proposed indicators. This suggests that the indicators we examined have a potential to be developed into a quick screening tool that would assess suicidality indirectly, without unnecessary exposure to direct questions on suicidality. As with any screening tool, subjects identified as being at risk, should be further clinically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Rus Prelog
- University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Teodora Matić
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Pregelj
- University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksander Sadikov
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Zemni I, Gara A, Nasraoui H, Kacem M, Maatouk A, Trimeche O, Abroug H, Fredj MB, Bennasrallah C, Dhouib W, Bouanene I, Belguith AS. The effectiveness of a health education intervention to reduce anxiety in quarantined COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1188. [PMID: 37340300 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is regarded as a serious public health concern that boosts levels of stress and anxiety which could be explained by several reasons, including social isolation. In this regard, we aimed to assess the impact of health education on the anxiety level of COVID-19 patients during the isolation period. METHODS This is a randomized controlled trial conducted between February 2021 and June 2021. Patients tested positive for Covid-19 with mild to moderate forms were randomized to Education (n = 267) or control (n = 269). The education group received a phone health education session on day 1 (D1) following the diagnosis. The three components of the health education intervention were an explanation of the coronavirus disease, what to do in the event of complications, and the recommended preventive measures. The two groups received a telephone evaluation of their Hospital Anxiety and Depression scores on D1 and day seven D7 following the positive diagnosis. The primary outcome was the rate of anxiety reduction in each group on D7 based on a HAD-A score ≥ 8. Secondary outcomes were the rate of anxiety reduction on D7 based on a HAD-A score ≥ 11, the percentage of people complying with isolation and the scores of adherences to preventive measures during the isolation in each group. RESULTS Hundred and ninety-six patients in the intervention group and 206 patients in the control group completed the study. The sociodemographic, clinical, and initial anxiety level features of the intervention and control groups were comparable at baseline (p ≥ 0.05). On D7, the education group's anxiety level (HAD-A ≥ 8) decreased from 26 to 16.3% (p = 0.013) while in the control group it increased from 19.4 to 22.8% (p = 0.37). Thus, the percentage change in anxiety between D1 and D7 (delta D7 - D1) was - 9.7% in the Education group and + 3.4% in the Control group. Using the HAD-A ≥ 11 thresholds, the percentage of anxiety decreased from 15.3 to 11.2% (p = 0.26) between D1 and D7, while it increased in the control group from 9.7 to 15.7% (p = 0.045). Thus, the education group's change in anxiety (delta D7 - D1) was - 4.1%, while the control group's change was + 6%. CONCLUSION During an outbreak, providing health education to quarantined patients may be beneficial to reduce the psychological impact of the disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05715593, retrospectively registered on 8/02/2023 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT05715593&Search=Search .
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Zemni
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Amel Gara
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hadhba Nasraoui
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taher Sfar University Hospital, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Kacem
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amani Maatouk
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Oumeyma Trimeche
- Department of Endocrinology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hela Abroug
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Fredj
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine Bennasrallah
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Dhouib
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Bouanene
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma Sriha Belguith
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Technology and Medical Imaging Research Laboratory - LTIM - LR12ES06, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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10
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Riccardi E, Fontana L, Pacella D, Fusco F, Marinaro I, Costanzo G, Vassallo F, Triassi M, Iavicoli I. Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on psychological well-being of firefighters. Saf Health Work 2023:S2093-7911(23)00036-7. [PMID: 37361372 PMCID: PMC10268815 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Covid-19 pandemic represented a unique stressful event that affected the physical health and the psychological well-being (PWB) of individuals and communities. Monitoring PWB is essential to clarify the burden on mental health effects but also to define targeted psychological-supporting measures. This cross-sectional study evaluated the PWB of Italian firefighters during the pandemic. Methods Firefighters recruited during the pandemic period filled out a self-administered questionnaire the Psychological General Well-Being Index during the health surveillance medical examination. This tool is usually used to assess the global PWB and explores six subdomains: anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health, and vitality. The influencing role of age, gender, working activities, Covid-19 and pandemic restrictive measures was also explored. Results A total of 742 firefighters completed the survey. The aggregate median PWB global score was in the "no distress" range (94.3±10.3) resulting higher than that observed in studies conducted using the same tool in the Italian general population during the same pandemic period. Similar findings were observed in the specific subdomains thus suggesting that investigated population was in good PWB condition. Interestingly, significantly better outcomes were detected in the younger firefighters. Conclusion Our data showed a satisfactory PWB situation in firefighters that could be related to different professional factors such as work organization, mental and physical training. In particular, our results would suggest the hypothesis that in firefighters, the maintaining of a minimum/moderate level of physical activity (consisting of even just going to work) might had a profoundly positive impact on psychological health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Riccardi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Fontana
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marinaro
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Costanzo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Vassallo
- Regional Direction of Campania Firefighters, Via del Sole 10, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Stankova M, Kamenski T, Ivanov I, Mihova P. Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Children with ASD-The Lessons That We Learned from the Pandemic. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:969. [PMID: 37371201 PMCID: PMC10297218 DOI: 10.3390/children10060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The data available for changes in the behavior and emotional state of children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder) in lockdown situations are controversial and scarce. In our research, we compare results before the first COVID-19 lockdown of 21 children with ASD and 21 typically developing children, four to five years of age with those obtained immediately after. The study attempts to answer the question of whether there are changes in the levels of emotional and behavioral problems in children with ASD after the lockdown and how these new living conditions affect some aspects of their functioning. The instruments used for data analysis are the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST); Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); Survey on the consequences of COVID-19 on the life and development of the participants. No significant differences in the emotional and behavioral state of the participants were found, except for attention deficit/hyperactivity problems where ASD children showed lower levels after the lockdown. ASD group parents' answers to the survey pointed towards more positive consequences of staying at home. Some reported they had more time for learning together, communicating, playing, and assisting the learning process through online therapy. As negatives, the parents of ASD children reported low physical activity, increased time with electronic devices, and time spent with the same people. Caregivers of typically developing children agreed that the lockdown had only negative effects. To conclude, for children with ASD in the study, the lockdown period demonstrated that more time spent with parents in structured everyday activities is an opportunity that can lead to positive results in their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Stankova
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Tsveta Kamenski
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Polina Mihova
- Department of Health Care and Social Work, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria; (T.K.); (P.M.)
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Marrone M, Pititto F, Stellacci A, Nicolì S, Buongiorno L, De Luca BP, Aventaggiato L, Strisciullo G, Solarino B, Benevento M. Alcohol and Drug Consumption among Drivers before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:897-905. [PMID: 37232706 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13050068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic might have changed recreational habits. In this study, the results of toxicological tests for alcohol and drugs in blood were compared among drivers stopped at roadside checks in the periods before (1 January 2018 to 8 March 2020) and after the lockdown measures (9 March 2020 to 31 December 2021). A total of 123 (20.7%) subjects had a blood alcohol level above the legal limit for driving of 0.5 g/l, 21 (3.9%) subjects tested positive for cocaine, and 29 (5.4%) subjects positive for cannabis. In the COVID-19 period, the mean blood alcohol level was significantly higher than in the previous period. Cannabis use, which was more frequent among younger subjects, was statistically associated with cocaine use. There has also been a quantitative increase in alcohol levels in the population with values above the legal limits, indicative of greater use of alcohol in the population predisposed to its intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricla Marrone
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fortunato Pititto
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stellacci
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Nicolì
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Buongiorno
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pia De Luca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Aventaggiato
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Strisciullo
- Forensic Toxicology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Biagio Solarino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Benevento
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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13
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Haldorai K, Kim WG, Agmapisarn C, Li JJ. Fear of COVID-19 and employee mental health in quarantine hotels: The role of self-compassion and psychological resilience at work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 2023; 111:103491. [PMID: 37082304 PMCID: PMC10076513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a massive and unprecedented impact on the mental health of individuals worldwide. Quarantine hotel employees not only endured enormous upheavals when providing service to quarantine guests during obligatory quarantine periods, but also experienced the high mental stress that comes with the risk of exposure and contagion of themselves, their friends, and their families. This study investigated the impact of the fear of COVID-19 on mental health problems. The moderating roles of self-compassion and psychological resilience were also examined. Data was collected from 360 employees from thirteen "Alternative State Quarantine" hotels in Thailand. The results suggested that fear of COVID-19 positively influenced mental health problems. Self-compassion and psychological resilience at work buffered the detrimental impact of fear of COVID-19 on mental health. This three-way interaction demonstrated that employees with high self-compassion and high resilience coped better. The theoretical and practical implications for hospitality managers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Haldorai
- International Center for Hospitality Research & Development, Dedman College of Hospitality, Florida State University, 288 Champions Way, UCB 4117, P.O. Box 3062541, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Woo Gon Kim
- International Center for Hospitality Research & Development, Dedman College of Hospitality, Florida State University, 288 Champions Way, UCB 4115, P.O. Box 3062541, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Charoenchai Agmapisarn
- Graduate School of Tourism Management, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), 148 Serithai Road, Klong-Chan, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jun Justin Li
- School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Faculty of International Tourism and Management, City University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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14
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Balkundi S, Fredrick SS. Students' Perceptions of COVID-19 Stress and Internalizing Problems: Is Social Support a Buffer? CONTEMPORARY SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37359145 PMCID: PMC10000339 DOI: 10.1007/s40688-023-00457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the associations among student perceptions of COVID-19 stress, internalizing problems, and school social support (teacher and classmate support) and how these relations differed across elementary/middle and high school students. Based on data from 526 4th- through 12th-grade students from a school district in the Northeast, we found that COVID-19-related stress was significantly related to internalizing problems for all students, regardless of grade level. We also found that teacher social support, but not classmate social support, buffered the positive relation between COVID-19 stress and internalizing problems. The results of the current study have implications for school psychologists, counselors, social workers, and other educators in alleviating COVID-19-related stress in students and associated symptoms of internalizing problems in students. As the pandemic unwinds, future research should examine the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for students with marginalized identities, and how teacher and/or peer support may play a role in buffering these stressors for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Balkundi
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14228 USA
| | - Stephanie S. Fredrick
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14228 USA
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15
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Gorji MA, Shetab-Boushehri SN, Akbarzadeh M. Evaluation and improvement of the resilience of a transportation system against epidemic diseases: A system dynamics approach. TRANSPORT POLICY 2023; 133:27-44. [PMID: 36415748 PMCID: PMC9673069 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The influential role of health protocols in preventing the spread of the COVID-19 disease has led governments to seek effective methods for implementing these protocols in the society. Considering the importance of public transportation system in spread of viruses, this paper introduces and analyzes some methods of inspecting urban public transportation companies using system dynamics approach. First, the base model, which represents the status of a public transportation terminal, was created and validated using a system dynamics simulation approach. Then the impact of two penalty policies, including fixed penalty policy (FPP) and variable penalty policy (VPP) on the violations within the terminal was investigated. The simulation results show that the variable penalty policy significantly reduces the violations of passenger terminal drivers. Next, the extended model was developed which considered several terminals. Finally, by presenting two policies of fixed inspector assignment (FIA) and variable inspector assignment (VIA), the effect of four scenarios of combining inspection and penalties policies was investigated. The simulation results showed that combining the variable penalty and variable inspector assignment policies could significantly reduce terminal violations. Also, the implementation of this policy does not require an additional inspector. The results can help city managers to adopt appropriate inspection policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ali Gorji
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | | | - Meisam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Transportation Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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16
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Sierra MA, Ortiz E. Feasibility and effect of a self-help online acceptance and commitment therapy program focused on repetitive negative thinking for Colombian young women. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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17
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Psychological Factors Explaining the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Mental Health: The Role of Meaning, Beliefs, and Perceptions of Vulnerability and Mortality. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020162. [PMID: 36829391 PMCID: PMC9952304 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested an expanded version of the explanatory model of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health proposed by Milman and colleagues. Participants (N = 680) completed an online survey on demographic variables associated with poor pandemic mental health, COVID-19 stressors, mental health symptoms, and pandemic-related psychological processes we hypothesized as mediating mechanisms explaining the negative mental health effects of the COVID-19 stressors. Results indicated that these psychological processes (core belief violation, meaning made of the pandemic, vulnerability, and mortality perception) explained the severity of mental health symptoms to a far greater extent than COVID-19 stressors and demographics combined. In addition, these psychological processes mediated the impact of COVID-19 stressors on all mental health outcomes. Specifically, COVID-19 stressors were associated with increased core belief violation, decreased meaning making, and more intense perceived vulnerability and mortality. In turn, those whose core beliefs were more violated by the pandemic, who made less meaning of the pandemic, and who perceived a more pronounced vulnerability and mortality experienced a worse mental health condition. This study's results suggest some possible ways of intervention in pandemic-like events useful for limiting such impact at the individual, group, social and political levels.
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Russo G, Vargas MN, Santoro V, Oriani MG, Focosi A, Capecci I, Servillo G, De Simone S, Vargas M. Psychological Distress of Healthcare Workers in 4 Hospitals Compared to General Population During the First Italian Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580221146841. [PMID: 36704994 PMCID: PMC9892528 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221146841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused important consequences on public health, economy, physical, and mental health of people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on frontline workers, comparing them with their colleagues who had no contact with the patients and with the general population, by administering an online questionnaire based on the Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5). The study was carried out during the first Italian wave of COVID-19 pandemic from 1st to 30th of April. Participants were divided in 3 groups: group 1 is general population group that includes the general population which are quarantined but not isolated, group health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals, and group 3 healthcare staff group working in COVID-19 hospitals. The survey was carried with the Distress Questionnaire-5 (DQ5) as a tool to detect the psychological distress and mental health problems. A total of 2983 people participated in this survey. Seven hundred and twenty four out of 1123 (64%) were employers of the 4 hospitals included in this study. Particularly among the respondents, 2259 (75.7%) were general population, 502 (16.8%) were health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals, while 222 (7.4%) were health care staff working in covid-19 hospitals. Health care personnel working in COVID-19 hospitals (DQ-5 = 13, 10-16) had less psychological distress compared with health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals (DQ-5 = 14, 11-16) and general population (DQ-5 = 14, 11-17; P = .04). The regression model showed that people aged 26 to 35 (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21-3.48) and female (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.95-2.83) were significantly at risk to develop a DQ-5 ≥ 11. During the first Italian wave of COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare personnel working in COVID-19 hospitals had less psychological distress compared with health care staff not working in COVID-19 hospitals and general population, probably because they were prepared to face situations like outbreak or emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Russo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Simone
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Largo S. Marcellino, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vargas
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Maria Vargas, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II,” Via Pansini, Naples 80100, Italy.
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Casà C, Dinapoli L, Marconi E, Chiesa S, Cornacchione P, Beghella Bartoli F, Bracci S, Salvati A, Scalise S, Colloca GF, Chieffo DPR, Gambacorta MA, Valentini V, Tagliaferri L. Integration of art and technology in personalized radiation oncology care: Experiences, evidence, and perspectives. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1056307. [PMID: 36755901 PMCID: PMC9901799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1056307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer diagnoses expose patients to traumatic stress, sudden changes in daily life, changes in the body and autonomy, with even long-term consequences, and in some cases, to come to terms with the end-of-life. Furthermore, rising survival rates underline that the need for interventions for emotional wellbeing is in growing demand by patients and survivors. Cancer patients frequently have compliance problems, difficulties during treatment, stress, or challenges in implementing healthy behaviors. This scenario was highlighted during the COVID-19 emergency. These issues often do not reach the clinical attention of dedicated professionals and could also become a source of stress or burnout for professionals. So, these consequences are evident on individual, interpersonal, and health system levels. Oncology services have increasingly sought to provide value-based health care, considering resources invested, with implications for service delivery and related financing mechanisms. Value-based health care can improve patient outcomes, often revealed by patient outcome measures while seeking balance with economical budgets. The paper aims to show the Gemelli Advanced Radiation Therapy (ART) experience of personalizing the patients' care pathway through interventions based on technologies and art, the personalized approach to cancer patients and their role as "co-stars" in treatment care. The paper describes the vision, experiences, and evidence that have guided clinical choices involving patients and professionals in a co-constructed therapeutic pathway. We will explore this approach by describing: the various initiatives already implemented and prospects, with particular attention to the economic sustainability of the paths proposed to patients; the several pathways of personalized care, both from the patient's and healthcare professional perspective, that put the person's experience at the Gemelli ART Center. The patient's satisfaction with the treatment and economic outcomes have been considered. The experiences and future perspectives described in the manuscript will focus on the value of people's experiences and patient satisfaction indicators, patients, staff, and the healthcare organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Casà
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli Isola, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Dinapoli
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marconi
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Elisa Marconi ✉
| | - Silvia Chiesa
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cornacchione
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Beghella Bartoli
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Bracci
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Scalise
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferdinando Colloca
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo
- UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Gambacorta
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliaferri
- UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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20
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Raine LB, Erickson KI, Grove G, Watrous JNH, McDonald K, Kang C, Jakicic JM, Forman DE, Kramer AF, Burns JM, Vidoni ED, McAuley E, Hillman CH. Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and body mass index of pre-adolescent children and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1052389. [PMID: 36733279 PMCID: PMC9888666 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1052389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The social and behavioral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the health and physiology of most people, including those never diagnosed with COVID-19. While the impact of the pandemic has been felt across the lifespan, its effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (commonly considered a reflection of total body health) of older adults and children may be particularly profound due to social distancing and stay-at-home advisories, as well as the closure of sport facilities and non-essential businesses. The objective of this investigation was to leverage baseline data from two ongoing clinical trials to determine if cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index were different during COVID-19 relative to before COVID-19 in older adults and children. Methods Healthy older individuals (N = 593; 65-80 years) and 200 typically developing children (8-10 years) completed a graded maximal exercise test and had their height and weight measured. Results Results revealed that older adults and children tested during COVID-19 had significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels than those tested before COVID-19 shutdowns (older adults: 30% lower; children: 53% lower; p's ≤ 0.001). In addition, older adults and children tested during COVID-19 had significantly higher BMI (older adults: 31.34 ± 0.57 kg/m2, p = 0.004; children: 19.27 ± 0.44 kg/m2, p = 0.05) than those tested before COVID-19 shutdowns (older adults: 29.51 ± 0.26 kg/m2, children: 18.13 ± 0.35 kg/m2). However, these differences in BMI did not remain significant when controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness. Discussion Results from this investigation indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic, and behavior changes taken to reduce potential exposure, may have led to lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels in older adults and children, as well as higher body mass index. These findings provide relevant public health information as lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels and higher body mass indexes recorded during the pandemic could have far-reaching and protracted health consequences. Public health guidance is needed to encourage physical activity to maintain cardiorespiratory fitness and healthy body composition. Clinical trial registration Older adults: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02875301, identifier: NCT02875301; Children: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03592238, identifier: NCT03592238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Raine
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - George Grove
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Katherine McDonald
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chaeryon Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Daniel E. Forman
- Department of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Care (GRECC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Burns
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center Fairway, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Eric D. Vidoni
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center Fairway, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Edward McAuley
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Musa S, Dergaa I, Bachiller V, Saad HB. Global Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Adults' Lifestyle Behavior: The Invisible Pandemic of Noncommunicable Disease. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:15. [PMID: 37033280 PMCID: PMC10080576 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_157_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic, with its subsequent lockdown and mobility restriction is a public health emergency that has obliged substantial modifications in daily routines and lifestyle of people worldwide. The drastic measures of social isolation and home confinement has impacted to a great extent the physical and psychological health. The resultant abrupt in lifestyle-related behavior such as physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habit, sleep disturbance, stress, tobacco use, and alcohol intake, is directly linked to the rising global burden of non-communicable disease. This review aims at gaining a rich and extensive understanding of the potential negative impact triggered by COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviors that will influence long-term physical and mental wellbeing. Electronic database search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1, 2020 to March 15, 2021. Data related to COVID-19 impact on lifestyle habits were extracted from these studies. Articles were included if meeting the inclusion criteria (i.e., assessed the impact of COVID-19 on physical inactivity and sedentary behavior, dietary habits, sleep, mental health, vitamin D, and substance use among adults. Further search was conducted to address these behavioral changes among athletes. While physical isolation is a necessary public health measure to protect the population, outcomes of this review indicate that in light of adverse lifestyle changes brought by the pandemic, noncommunicable disease remains a critical concern. Hence, adopting healthy lifestyle behavior is essentially important especially during the current time to boost immunity and reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. Recognizing the pandemic collateral effects offers a forward-looking perspective to guide the government and health authorities in planning prevention and control programs that focus on resilient and sustainable behavioral change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Musa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Sarah Musa, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha P.O. Box 26555, Qatar. E-mail:
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Veronica Bachiller
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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22
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Carmassi C, Pedrinelli V, Antonini C, Dell'Oste V, Gravina D, Nardi B, Bertelloni CA, Massimetti G, Nieto-Munuera J, Dell'Osso L. Validation of the Spanish Version of the Trauma and Loss Spectrum Self-Report (TALS-SR): A Study on Healthcare Workers Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:495-506. [PMID: 36896340 PMCID: PMC9990502 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s396540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed at reporting about the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Trauma and Loss Spectrum-Self Report (TALS-SR), an instrument based on a multidimensional approach to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), including a range of threatening or traumatic experiences and significant losses, besides the spectrum of peri-traumatic stress reactions and post-traumatic stress symptoms that may occur. Methods A sample of 87 Health Care Workers (HCWs) employed in the COVID-19 Emergency Department at the Virgen de la Arrixaca and Reina Sofia Hospitals (Murcia, Spain) during the pandemic, was consecutively recruited and fulfilled the TALS-SR. Assessments also included the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), to examine post-traumatic stress symptoms and probable PTSD. Nineteen HCWs fulfilled the TALS-SR again after three weeks from baseline for test-retest reliability. Results This study provides evidence of good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Spanish version of the TALS-SR. Strong support for the internal validity structure was obtained, with positive and significant correlations between the five symptomatologic domains and the symptomatologic total score. Significant and good correlations between the TALS-SR symptomatologic domains and the IES-R total and single domains' scores were found. The Questionnaire also demonstrated to discriminate between subjects with and without PTSD, with subjects with PTSD showing significantly higher mean scores in each domain of the TALS-SR. Conclusion This study validates the Spanish version of TALS-SR, providing a useful instrument for a spectrum approach to PTSD and confirms the potential utility of this psychometric tool in both clinical practice and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Pedrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Corinna Antonini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Davide Gravina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Massimetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Mannocci A, Marigliano M, La Torre G. An assessment of organizational well-being, organizational health, and work-related stress: A cross-sectional study of nurses involved with COVID-19 interventions. Work 2022; 75:29-39. [PMID: 36591689 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses have been affected by stress, developing many related consequences during the health emergency caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is essential for healthcare organizations to protect their human resources because there is a strong correlation between the health status of healthcare workers and the quality of care provided. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to measure the perception of the organizational health level of the workplace among COVID-19 nurses (i.e. nurses who directly dealt with COVID-19 countermeasures) as an influence on work quality and work-related stress. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out by administering the Nursing Questionnaire on Organizational Health (QISO) to nurses in contact with COVID-19 patients. The search period ranged between August and September 2021 with nurses who work and/or worked in Lazio. RESULTS 123 questionnaires were collected. The scores with a value below the recommended level (2,6) are: "Comfort of the working environment" (mean = 2,57; SD = 0,66); "Valorization of skills" (mean = 2,40; SD = 0,62); "Openness to innovation" (mean = 2,46; SD = 0,77); "Satisfaction with top management" (mean = 2,48; SD = 0,81); the inverse scale "Fatigue" (mean = 2,94; SD = 0,55). CONCLUSION Management of healthcare organizations should define action strategies to promote and increase organizational well-being and reduce work-related stress risk factors. Some action strategies that could be used include improving the elements of the work environment to make it more comfortable for workers; strengthening and improving communication; improving the relationship between nurses and senior management; and establishing a team of experts for psychological assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Marigliano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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24
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Matić T, Pregelj P, Sadikov A, Rus Prelog P. Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Suicidality Levels in Young Adults Increased Two Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:339. [PMID: 36612666 PMCID: PMC9819448 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of both the COVID-19 clinical picture and confinement measures in Slovenia was higher during the initial phase of the pandemic in 2020 than during the Omicron wave in 2022. This could lead us to expect a higher level of distress during the initial phase. On the other hand, prolonged stress can have a detrimental effect on mental health. This study aimed to explore how the prolonged stress of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying changes affected the mental health of young adults in Slovenia. We analyzed and compared the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal ideation in young adults during the initial phase of the pandemic and the Omicron wave, as well as between the COVID-19-infected and non-infected individuals. METHODS An online survey was used to survey 587 young adults in the first wave (July-December 2020) and 511 in the Omicron wave (January-February 2022). Levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal ideation were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Results show that the Omicron wave significantly worsened depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal ideation. Young adults who had tested positive for COVID-19 reported no worse or only slightly worse mental health than those who never tested positive. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides new evidence about the mental health of young adults during the Omicron wave. Our results show that two years into the pandemic, they expressed more negative emotions and suicidal thoughts than at the beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Matić
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Pregelj
- Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, 1260 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksander Sadikov
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Rus Prelog
- Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, 1260 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Bongelli R, Fermani A, Canestrari C, Riccioni I, Muzi M, Bertolazzi A, Burro R. Italian validation of the situational Brief Cope Scale (I-Brief Cope). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278486. [PMID: 36454789 PMCID: PMC9714734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) inventory is 14 faced scales used to assess coping strategies. It has been administered on different population samples and translated into several languages. Nonetheless, the Italian validation of its situational format is missing, and the present study aimed to fill this gap. To this end, the original English version of the scale was translated into Italian and administered to a sample of 682 Italian healthcare workers (HCWs), during the first wave of COVID-19. The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA and CFA) were performed and led to the validation of the Italian Brief COPE (I-Brief COPE) scale, consisting of 21 items, loading properly on 6 factors, which range from activation (F1) to deactivation (F2), via social support (F3), humorous reframing (F4), religious/spiritual reliance (F5), substances use (F6). The six factors identified represent, according to our analyses, the relevant dimensions of coping in a stressful situation such as COVID-19. The results of this study reveal that the I-Brief Cope can be considered as a valid tool for measuring coping strategies in facing stressful, unpredictable, and damaging events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Bongelli
- Department of Political Science, Communication and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessandra Fermani
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Carla Canestrari
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riccioni
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Morena Muzi
- Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertolazzi
- Department of Political Science, Communication and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Roberto Burro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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26
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Lolita L, Ikhsanudin A. Illness Risk Perceptions and Efficacy Beliefs Among Indonesian in the Course of COVID-19 Pandemic. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i4.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a worldwide pandemic, has posed a significant challenge to public health systems worldwide. Health risk perception and efficacy belief are primary constructs influencing individuals' protective behavior due to the outbreak. Our study investigated each item of illness risk perception, efficacy belief, and its related factors concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 respondents aged 17 to 70. Data collection was conducted using convenience sampling by distributing the web questionnaire between April and July 2020. Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis bivariate analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0 to assess the relationship between individual characteristic factors, illness risk perception, and efficacy belief. The study established that respondents had a medium to a high level of illness risk perception and a reasonable efficacy belief in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. Region (p=0.027) and occupation (p=0.036) differences were significantly associated with the threat and severity perception, respectively. Smoking history (p=0.037), supplement use (p=0.029), and occupation (p=0.018) differences were significantly associated with self-efficacy. Meanwhile, gender (p=0.045) differences were significantly associated with response efficacy. Therefore, the public's illness risk perception and efficacy belief could be substantial in planning, modifying, and implementing a coordinated response for risk communication in current and future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita Lolita
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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27
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Orsolini L, Volpe U, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell'Osso B, Del Vecchio V, Di Nicola M, Giallonardo V, Luciano M, Menculini G, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Sampogna G, Tortorella A, Fiorillo A. Use of social network as a coping strategy for depression among young people during the COVID-19 lockdown: findings from the COMET collaborative study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2022; 21:44. [PMID: 36372894 PMCID: PMC9660093 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-022-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of social media (SM) has exponentially grown particularly among youths in the past two years, due to COVID-19-related changing lifestyles. Based on the Italian COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET), we investigated the association between SM use and depressive symptoms among Italian young adults (aged 18-24). METHODS The COMET is a nationwide multi-center cross-sectional study that investigated socio-demographic data, social networking addiction (BSNAS), depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21), as well as impulsiveness (BIS-15) and aggressiveness (AQ) in a large sample of youngsters, in order to assess the association between BSNAS and DASS-21 indices. Mediation analyses were performed to evaluate the role of impulsiveness and aggressive personality traits in the association between SM use (SMU) and depression. RESULTS 75.8% of the sample (n = 491) had a problematic SMU. SMU was reduced by high AQ and high DASS-21 scores (F = 42.338, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.207). Mediation analyses showed that SMU negatively predicted depressive symptomatology with the interaction mediated by AQ total (ß = - 0.1075), physical (ß = - 0.207) and anger (ß = - 0.0582), BIS-15 total (ß = - 0.0272) and attentional (ß = - 0.0302). High depressive levels were predicted by high AQ scores, low SMU levels, low verbal and physical AQ, and low attentional BIS-15 (F = 30.322, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.273). Depressive symptomatology negatively predicted SMU with their interaction mediated by AQ total (ß = - 0.1640), verbal (ß = 0.0436) and anger (ß = - 0.0807), BIS-15 total (ß = - 0.0448) and attentional (ß = - 0.0409). CONCLUSIONS SMU during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic could have a beneficial role in buffering negative consequences linked to social isolation due to quarantine measures, despite this association being mediated by specific personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina-ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Tanzilli A, Cibelli A, Liotti M, Fiorentino F, Williams R, Lingiardi V. Personality, Defenses, Mentalization, and Epistemic Trust Related to Pandemic Containment Strategies and the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Sequential Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114290. [PMID: 36361183 PMCID: PMC9656964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably influenced all domains of people's lives worldwide, determining a high increase in overall psychological distress and several clinical conditions. The study attempted to shed light on the relationship between the strategies adopted to manage the pandemic, vaccine hesitancy, and distinct features of personality and mental functioning. METHODS The sample consisted of 367 Italian individuals (68.1% women, 31.9% men; M age = 37, SD = 12.79) who completed an online survey, including an instrument assessing four response styles to the pandemic and lockdown(s), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form, the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, and the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, Credulity Questionnaire. RESULTS Maladaptive response patterns to pandemic restrictions were related to dysfunctional personality traits, immature defense mechanisms, poor mentalization, and epistemic mistrust or credulity. Moreover, more severe levels of personality pathology were predictive of an extraverted-maladaptive response style to health emergency through the full mediation of low overall defensive functioning, poor certainty of others' mental states, and high epistemic credulity. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing and understanding dysfunctional psychological pathways associated with individuals' difficulties in dealing with the pandemic are crucial for developing tailored mental-health interventions and promoting best practices in healthcare services.
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Sampogna G, Di Vincenzo M, Giallonardo V, Perris F, Volpicelli A, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Fiorillo A. The Psychiatric Consequences of Long-COVID: A Scoping Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111767. [PMID: 36579511 PMCID: PMC9697474 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a new form of traumatic event, affecting the general population worldwide and causing severe disruption of daily routine. A new urgent concern is related to the burden associated with COVID-19 symptoms that persist beyond the onset of infection, the so-called long-COVID syndrome. The present paper aims to: (1) describe the most frequent psychiatric symptoms reported by patients affected by long-COVID syndrome; (2) evaluate methodological discrepancies among the available studies; (3) inform clinicians and policy-makers on the possible strategies to be promoted in order to manage the psychiatric consequences of long-COVID syndrome. Twenty-one papers have been included in the present review, mostly with a cross-sectional or cohort design. Significant heterogeneity of long-COVID syndrome definitions was found. The presence of psychiatric symptoms was evaluated with very different assessment tools. The most common psychiatric symptoms of the long-COVID syndrome included fatigue, cognitive disturbances/impairment, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The rate of fatigue varied from 93.2-82.3% to 11.5%, cognitive impairment/cognitive dysfunction from 61.4% to 23.5% and depressive-anxiety symptoms from 23.5%to 9.5%.
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Fraune MR, Komatsu T, Preusse HR, Langlois DK, Au RHY, Ling K, Suda S, Nakamura K, Tsui KM. Socially facilitative robots for older adults to alleviate social isolation: A participatory design workshop approach in the US and Japan. Front Psychol 2022; 13:904019. [PMID: 36337527 PMCID: PMC9629871 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.904019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Social technology can improve the quality of older adults' social lives and mitigate negative mental and physical health outcomes associated with loneliness, but it should be designed collaboratively with this population. In this paper, we used participatory design (PD) methods to investigate how robots might be used as social facilitators for middle-aged and older adults (age 50+) in both the US and Japan. We conducted PD workshops in the US and Japan because both countries are concerned about the social isolation of these older adults due to their rapidly aging populations. We developed a novel approach to participatory design of future technologies that spends 2/3 of the PD session asking participants about their own life experiences as a foundation. This grounds the conversation in reality, creates rapport among the participants, and engages them in creative critical thinking. Then, we build upon this foundation, pose an abstract topic, and ask participants to brainstorm on the topic based on their previous discussion. In both countries, participants were eager to actively discuss design ideas for socially facilitative robots and imagine how they might improve their social lives. US participants suggested design ideas for telepresence robots, social distancing robots, and social skills artificial intelligence programs, while Japanese participants suggested ideas for pet robots, robots for sharing experiences, and easy-to-operate instructor robots. Comparing these two countries, we found that US participants saw robots as tools to help facilitate their social connections, while Japanese participants envisioned robots to function as surrogate companions for their parents and distract them from loneliness when they were unavailable. With this paper, we contribute to the literature in two main ways, presenting: (1) A novel approach to participatory design of future technologies that grounds participants in their everyday experience, and (2) Results of the study indicating how middle-aged and older adults from the US and Japan wanted technologies to improve their social lives. Although we conducted the workshops during the COVID-19 pandemic, many findings generalized to other situations related to social isolation, such as older adults living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena R. Fraune
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Takanori Komatsu
- Department of Frontier Media Science, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harrison R. Preusse
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Danielle K. Langlois
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Rachel H. Y. Au
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Katrina Ling
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Shogo Suda
- Department of Frontier Media Science, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiko Nakamura
- Department of Frontier Media Science, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
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Dell'Osso B, Viganò C, Conti D, Scarpa C, Casati L, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sampogna G, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U, Fiorillo A. Insomnia and related factors in patients with pre-existing psychiatric disorders compared to the general population during the COVID-19 lockdown: Findings from the multicentric COMET study. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 118:152345. [PMID: 35988374 PMCID: PMC9364932 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has heavily impacted social, economic and health systems worldwide. Necessary confinement measures have, in turn, contributed to the occurrence of several stress-related conditions and deterioration of pre-existing mental conditions, including insomnia. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to investigate the occurrence and severity of insomnia during the COVID-19 lockdown among psychiatric patients and in the general population in the largest Italian sample examined to date. Potential factors associated with a risk of developing insomnia in the global sample were examined as well. METHODS A sample of 20,720 people (5.5% of them being psychiatric patients) was assessed through an online survey conducted during lockdown between March and May 2020. To investigate the occurrence and severity of sleep related issues, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used. In order to evaluate factors associated with the severity of insomnia in the global sample, multivariate linear regression models were performed. RESULTS During the lockdown, patients with pre-existing mental disorders reported a mean higher score on the ISI scale (p < 0.001) compared to the general population. According to the multivariate regression models, the first three weeks of lockdown were significantly associated with a higher risk of insomnia, but the risk disappeared in the fourth week. Other associated factors included: the presence of a pre-existing mental disorder, ages 24 to 64 years old, and/or being female (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although containment measures represent essential public health strategies to avoid the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, sleep was one of the aspects affected during the early stages of the lockdown in both people with pre-existing mental disorders and general population. As an integral part of COVID-19 intervention, it is useful to raise awareness about these issues and to adopt both preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Dell'Osso
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Nanotechnology and Neurostimulation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Caterina Viganò
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Conti
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Scarpa
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casati
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Psychiatry 2 Unit, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina - ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Nguyen MH, Do TX, Nguyen TT, Pham MD, Pham TTM, Pham KM, Kim GB, Do BN, Nguyen HT, Nguyen NM, Dam HTB, Nguyen YH, Nguyen KT, Nguyen TTP, Nguyen TT, Duong TV. Fear of COVID-19, healthy eating behaviors, and health-related behavior changes as associated with anxiety and depression among medical students: An online survey. Front Nutr 2022; 9:938769. [PMID: 36211498 PMCID: PMC9538633 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.938769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical students' health and wellbeing are highly concerned during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the impacts of fear of COVID-19 (FCoV-19S), healthy eating behavior, and health-related behavior changes on anxiety and depression. Methods We conducted an online survey at 8 medical universities in Vietnam from 7th April to 31st May 2020. Data of 5,765 medical students were collected regarding demographic characteristics, FCoV-19S, health-related behaviors, healthy eating score (HES), anxiety, and depression. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations. Results A lower likelihood of anxiety and depression were found in students with a higher HES score (OR = 0.98; 95%CI = 0.96, 0.99; p = 0.042; OR = 0.98; 95%CI = 0.96, 0.99; p = 0.021), and in those unchanged or more physical activities during the pandemic (OR = 0.54; 95%CI = 0.44, 0.66; p < 0.001; OR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.37, 0.52; p < 0.001) as compared to those with none/less physical activity, respectively. A higher likelihood of anxiety and depression were reported in students with a higher FCoV-19S score (OR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.07, 1.12; p < 0.001; OR = 1.06; 95%CI = 1.04, 1.08; p < 0.001), and those smoked unchanged/more during the pandemic (OR = 6.67; 95%CI = 4.71, 9.43; p < 0.001; OR = 6.77; 95%CI = 4.89, 9.38; p < 0.001) as compared to those stopped/less smoke, respectively. In addition, male students had a lower likelihood of anxiety (OR = 0.79; 95%CI = 0.65, 0.98; p = 0.029) compared to female ones. Conclusions During the pandemic, FCoV-19S and cigarette smoking had adverse impacts on medical students' psychological health. Conversely, staying physically active and having healthy eating behaviors could potentially prevent medical students from anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh H. Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tinh X. Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tham T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Minh D. Pham
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Nutrition, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thu T. M. Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Khue M. Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
- President Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Giang B. Kim
- Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Assessment and Quality Assurance, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Binh N. Do
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Division of Military Science, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiep T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Pham Ngoc Thach Clinic, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- President Office, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hoa T. B. Dam
- Department of Psychiatry, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Yen H. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
- Department of Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Kien T. Nguyen
- President Office, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Thao T. P. Nguyen
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Trung T. Nguyen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Van Duong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Tuyen Van Duong
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Nahavandi N, Gorji MA. The impact of inspection policies on reducing disease prevalence in public buildings: A systems dynamics approach. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022; 223:109398. [PMID: 35937086 PMCID: PMC9338836 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed new dimensions of urban resilience to communities. Failure to implement health protocols in public buildings has had a significant impact on the spread of the disease, and inspection has become necessary to enforce the rules. This study presents different inspection policies of public buildings to reduce disease prevalence. It evaluates and compares the implementation of these policies in the long run based on the systems dynamics approach. First, baseline modeling was performed without inspection to analyze the proposed policies, and disease prevalence was investigated. Then various proposed inspection and fines policies, including fixed inspection and fines rate (FIFF), fixed inspection rate with the variable fine rate (FIVF), and variable inspection and fines rate (VIVF), are introduced, and their system dynamics models are presented. The impact of each inspection policy on the violations rate and disease prevalence in public buildings has been investigated using long-term simulation. Based on the results, regulatory agencies can significantly reduce the rate of violations in public buildings and improve urban resilience to the epidemic by adopting proper inspection policies. The results can help city managers to adopt appropriate inspection policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Nahavandi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Gorji
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
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Psychopathological burden and coping strategies among frontline and second-line Italian healthcare workers facing the COVID-19 emergency: Findings from the COMET collaborative network. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:78-83. [PMID: 35533774 PMCID: PMC9074380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the psychopathological burden related to COVID-19 together with coping strategies in healthcare workers, focusing on differences between frontline and second-line workers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study part of the COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET). Participants' socio-demographic and COVID-19-related information was collected through an online survey. Psychiatric symptoms and coping strategies were also investigated. Multivariate analyses, corrected for demographic characteristics, were adopted to assess differences between frontline and second-line workers. RESULTS The sample consisted of 20,720 individuals. Healthcare workers (n = 2907) presented with significantly higher risk for mental health disturbances as compared to the rest of the sample (p < 0.001). Healthcare professionals working versus not working on the front line differed in living in severely impacted areas (p < 0.001), precautionary isolation by COVID-19 (p < 0.001), infection by COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Frontline workers also reported significantly increased insomnia (p < 0.001), depression (p = 0.007), anxiety (p < 0.001), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.001), non-specific chronic and acute traumatic stress (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), as well as more adaptive coping strategies (p = 0.001). LIMITATIONS The survey was conducted between March and June 2020, at the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Accordingly, the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic might have changed over time. The survey design involved online invitation and it was not possible to assess the participation rate. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the largest study addressing the psychopathological burden of Italian healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak and associated coping strategies. Empowering supportive interventions is crucial for the whole healthcare workforce.
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Długosz P, Liszka D, Bastrakova A, Yuzva L. Health Problems of Students during Distance Learning in Central and Eastern Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study of Poland and Ukraine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10074. [PMID: 36011708 PMCID: PMC9407955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the functioning of society. Issues of deteriorating health were among the main problems resulting from restrictions such as self-isolation, social distancing, and remote education. The aim of this research was to attempt to probe the psychophysical condition of students after more than a year of remote education. The survey method (CAPI) was used to collect the data on a representative sample of 1000 students in Poland and 1022 in Ukraine. The research sample was selected in a randomly stratified manner, taking into account such characteristics as: gender, age, and place of residence. The results of the research showed that 44% of Polish and 50% of Ukrainian students experienced health problems. The burden of remote education mainly contributed to the reduction of physical fitness. Young Poles more often paid attention to the deterioration of mental well-being, and Ukrainians to the deterioration of their physical condition. Based on the conducted analyses, it was also established that health problems appeared more often among the females, students with lower social support and with lower trust levels. The main risk factors were Internet addiction, secondary effects of the pandemic, and negative remote education experiences. Research has shown that remote education and problems that arise in students' households during the pandemic may have significantly contributed to the deterioration of their psychophysical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Długosz
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Damian Liszka
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anastasiia Bastrakova
- Department of Sociology, Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, 04070 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Luydmila Yuzva
- Department of Sociology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Asanjarani F, Kumar A, Kalani S. Student Subjective Wellbeing amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Iran: Role of Loneliness, Resilience and Parental Involvement. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 16:53-67. [PMID: 35966034 PMCID: PMC9360709 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-022-09963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns potentially severely impact adolescents' mental well-being. This research aims to study students' subjective well-being during the covid-19 pandemic in Iran and investigate the role of loneliness, resilience, and parental involvement. For this study, 629 students (female = 345) were recruited by purposive sampling. Students were assessed on the Student's Subjective Well-Being, Loneliness Scale, Resilience Scale, and Parental Involvement. The results confirm our hypothesis that the relationship between parental involvement and students' subjective well-being is mediated by loneliness. Furthermore, the results indicated a partial mediation of resilience in the relationship between parental involvement and students' subjective well-being. This study theoretically contributes to a better understanding of the factors determining the impact of traumatic events such as a pandemic on adolescents' mental health. The implications of this study indicate interventions that can be carried out to minimize the negative psychological consequences of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Asanjarani
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aneesh Kumar
- Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Simindokht Kalani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Carrà G, Crocamo C, Bartoli F, Riboldi I, Sampogna G, Luciano M, Albert U, Carmassi C, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, Menculini G, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Volpe U, Fiorillo A. Were anxiety, depression and psychological distress associated with local mortality rates during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy? Findings from the COMET study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:242-249. [PMID: 35753244 PMCID: PMC9212315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health of the Italian population declined at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, nationwide population prevalence estimates may not effectively reproduce the heterogeneity in distress responses to the pandemic. In particular, contextual determinants specific to COVID-19 pandemic need to be considered. We thus aimed to explore the association between local COVID-19 mortality rates and mental health response among the general population. METHODS We capitalised on data (N = 17,628) from a large, cross-sectional, national survey, the COMET study, run between March and May 2020. While psychological distress was measured by General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) was used to assess relevant domains. In addition, a Covid-19 mortality ratio was built to compare single regional mortality rates to the national estimate and official statistics were used to control for other area-level determinants. RESULTS Adjusted ordered regression analyses showed an association between mortality ratio and moderate (OR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.03-1.18) and severe (OR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.03-1.21) DASS-21 anxiety levels. No effects of mortality ratio on GHQ-12 scores and DASS-21 depression and stress levels, uniformly high across the country, were estimated. CONCLUSIONS Although we could not find any association between regional COVID-19 mortality ratio and depression or psychological distress, anxiety levels were significantly increased among subjects from areas with the highest mortality rates. Local mortality rate seems a meaningful driver for anxiety among the general population. Considering the potentially long-lasting scenario, local public health authorities should provide neighbouring communities with preventive interventions reducing psychological isolation and anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riboldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina – ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Fazia T, Bubbico F, Nova A, Riggi E, Caimi G, Calgan B, Salvato G, Bruno S, Bottini G, Bernardinelli L. Online Short-Term Mindfulness-Based Intervention During COVID-19 Quarantine in Italy: Effects on Wellbeing, Stress, and Anxiety. Front Psychol 2022; 13:914183. [PMID: 35859847 PMCID: PMC9289612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.914183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To limit the first spread of COVID-19 in March 2020, the Italian government imposed strict lockdown measures to the population. Despite necessary to reduce the virus transmission and the burden to the hospitals, social isolation has caused detrimental effects on psychological wellbeing and mental health. Moreover, during this period, it was also difficult to deliver psychological treatments and psychiatric assistance. A short (a weekly session for 9 weeks) mindfulness-based meditation program, named Integral Meditation (IM), was administered entirely online to healthy adults from Italy. This is a two-groups pre–post-quasi-experimental study in which the two groups, treated and control, were not randomized. Through matching procedures aimed at overcoming the absence of randomization, we analyzed a sample of 84 subjects (42 for each group). By applying linear mixed effect models, we tested the hypothesis of a beneficial effect of IM on wellbeing, perceived stress, and state anxiety, as measured by three self-reported questionnaires (WEMWBS, PSS, and STAI-X1, respectively), assuming that this effect could be different according to the level of baseline trait anxiety, as measured by STAI-X2. The results showed a statistically significant effect of STAI-X1 (β = −8.24 [95%CI −15.39; −1.09], p = 0.02) and WEMWBS (β = 4.61 [95%CI 0.94; 8.29], p = 0.01) in the higher trait anxiety subgroup only. No statistically significant effect of IM was observed for PSS. These results suggest that our IM, delivered online, may increase mental wellbeing and decrease anxiety specifically in subjects with higher trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Teresa Fazia
| | - Francesco Bubbico
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Nova
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emilia Riggi
- SSD Epidemiologia e Screening CPO, Universital Hospital “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Caimi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beril Calgan
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST “Grande Ospedale Metropolitano” Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST “Grande Ospedale Metropolitano” Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Valencia PD, Ventura-León J, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, Reyes-Bossio M, White M, Rojas-Jara C, Polanco-Carrasco R, Gallegos M, Cervigni M, Martino P, Palacios DA, Moreta-Herrera R, Samaniego-Pinho A, Rivera MEL, Figares AB, Puerta-Cortés DX, Corrales-Reyes IE, Calderón R, Tapia BP, Ferrari IF, Flores-Mendoza C, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Araníbar D. COVID-19 anxiety, psychological well-being and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean: relationships and explanatory model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rossi C, De Salve F, Agliati M, Oasi O. Coping strategies and mental health: A web-based survey among the Italian population dealing with COVID-19. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, PROCESS AND OUTCOME 2022; 25. [PMID: 35796596 PMCID: PMC9422317 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2022.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to be a highly stressful event with a major impact on psychological mental health worldwide. The use of different coping strategies may change the perception of psychological well-being during the pandemic. The present study aims to explore psychological mental health in relation to sociodemographic variables and to analyze the coping strategies of the Italian population in dealing with COVID-19. Implications for clinical interventions are reported. A total of 537 individuals (>18) participated in the survey completing measures of sociodemographic data, general psychological well-being, and coping strategies. Results found that females, students, and unmarried people reported the lowest levels of well-being. Specifically, the coping strategy called positive attitude was positively correlated with psychological well-being, whereas avoidance and social support strategies negatively influenced well-being. Understanding beneficial coping strategies is central to optimally manage the long-lasting of the current COVID-19 situation and may be useful for mental health professionals in treating patients suffering psychologically from the pandemic.
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COVID-19 Victimization Experience and College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Future Anxiety and Mindfulness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137578. [PMID: 35805232 PMCID: PMC9266165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed a moderated mediation model to investigate the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and mobile phone addiction, the mediating role of future anxiety, and the moderating role of mindfulness. This study employed the COVID-19 victimization experience scale, the mobile phone addiction scale, a future anxiety scale, and a mindfulness scale in a survey study among Chinese college students; 840 valid questionnaires were received. The reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all four scales had good reliability and validity. Bootstrap results demonstrated that COVID-19 victimization experience significantly predicted mobile phone addiction in college students (B = 0.202, LLCI = 0.136, ULCI = 0.268). Future anxiety fully mediated the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and mobile phone addiction (B = 0.178, LLCI = 0.136, ULCI = 0.222). Mindfulness moderated the effect of COVID-19 victimization experience on the college students’ future anxiety (B = 0.159, LLCI = 0.007, ULCI = 0.054). A higher level of mindfulness was more likely than a lower level of mindfulness to attenuate the effect of COVID-19 victimization experience on the college students’ future anxiety. These findings broaden our understanding regarding the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and mobile phone addiction and the moderating role of mindfulness.
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Hamouche S. Crisis and mental health of working women: risk factors and integrated care interventions based on organizational, individual, and institutional partnership. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jica-02-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeCrises can weigh heavily on individuals' mental health. COVID-19 is a crisis that has shaken humanity, plunging it into a great wave of fear, ambiguity and uncertainty, due to its novelty and rapid spread, as well as lethality. Mental health disparities between women and men have widened as a result of this pandemic. Stress factors have multiplied, especially among working women, making them more psychologically vulnerable than they were before this pandemic and easy prey to psychological distress. This emphasized the importance of having integrated care interventions that take into consideration the organizational context, with gendered lenses. This paper discusses the relationship between COVID-19 and psychological distress among women in the workforce. It presents the main sources of stress and addresses integrated care interventions that can help to prevent psychological distress among women.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a viewpoint and critique of the recent literature.FindingsInterventions based on a partnership between employers, employees, and government, including health and social services are needed to prevent mental health problems among women in the workplace that can result from crises. In this case, a gendered approach as well as an optimization of the use of new technologies should be favored.Originality/valueThere is little focus on the development of integrated care approaches to address psychological distress among working women in times of crisis and beyond. This paper helps to expand the scope of integrated care to work-related mental health research by exploring the impact of an unprecedented health crisis on a vulnerable group that suffers from disparities in mental health. It also provides insights into preventive interventions, built upon an integrated care approach, based on a tripartite partnership between working women, employing organizations, and governmental institutions, facilitated by the integration of new technologies. By doing this, the author aims to contribute to the prevention of mental health issues that can result from this crisis.
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Rajkumar E, Rajan AM, Daniel M, Lakshmi R, John R, George AJ, Abraham J, Varghese J. The psychological impact of quarantine due to COVID-19: A systematic review of risk, protective factors and interventions using socio-ecological model framework. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09765. [PMID: 35756104 PMCID: PMC9212950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though quarantine is a pertinent control measure for the spread of COVID-19, it is equally important to consider its negative impacts, as it causes severe psychological, emotional, and financial problems not only for those who are quarantined but also for many others who are directly or indirectly connected to those who are quarantined. There appears to be a need to synthesise the available literature evidence on the psychological impact of quarantine experience, especially the multilevel risk factors that make individuals vulnerable to psychological impact and the protective factors to deal with the negative effects of quarantine. Objective This systematic review attempted to identify the various psychological impacts associated with the experience of quarantine, the risk and protective factors and list out various psycho-social interventions that can minimise the risks and facilitate the protective factors associated with the experience of quarantine. Methods A systematic search adhering to the PRISMA guidelines was performed in four databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycNet, Web of Science and 10518 articles related to COVID-19 and quarantine were obtained. After screening processes and quality assessment using standard checklist 74 articles that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were chosen for the final review. Findings Individuals subjected to quarantine had anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, sleep problems, and somatic difficulties. Some of the key risk factors during quarantine are young age, female gender, low money, fear of infection, poor sleep quality, reduced physical activity, increased sedentary behaviours, and a lack of social support. Financial difficulties and stigma remained risk factors even after the quarantine period had ended. Key protective factors were coping skills, home based exercise, leisure, recreational activities, maintaining relationships using social media and availability of mental health services. The findings also highlight the necessity for tele mental health interventions to address the psychological effects of quarantine. Conclusion Multilevel interventions are required to minimise the impact of risk factors and enhance protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslavath Rajkumar
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | | | - Monica Daniel
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - R Lakshmi
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Romate John
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Allen Joshua George
- Humanities and Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Management Ranchi, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - John Abraham
- St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jee Varghese
- Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
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Obidoa M, Bello R, Hardman S. Self‐harm in an older adult population during the
COVID
‐19 pandemic. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pnp.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Obidoa
- Dr Obidoa is a Consultant Liaison Psychiatrist at Great Western Hospital, Swindon, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health NHS Partnership Trust
| | - Rakiya Bello
- Dr Bello is a Core Psychiatry Trainee at Tatchbury Mount, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Stephen Hardman
- Dr Hardman is a Clinical Research Fellow at Kingshill Research Centre, Victoria Centre, Swindon
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Marrone M, Luca BPD, Stellacci A, Buongiorno L, Caricato P, Cazzato G, Ferorelli D, Solarino B, Stefanizzi P, Tafuri S, Gorini E, Landro MD, Dell’Erba A, Laforgia N. COVID-19 Vaccination in Italian Children: The Limits of Parental Rights. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:625. [PMID: 35626802 PMCID: PMC9139867 DOI: 10.3390/children9050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns initially targeted the adult population. After the authorization of the main agencies, including the EMA (European Medicines Agency), the European Vaccination Plan now involves young people between the ages of 12-17 and 5-11. In assessing the child's "best interests", the refusal of vaccination by parents or guardians, in addition to the increased circulation of the virus, is responsible for the risk of social distancing. This reduction in social contacts, particularly during very sensitive ages such as adolescence, has been linked to the increased incidence of psychiatric illness, a significant reason for extending vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in these younger children. One may consider that government should issue a law that allows the child to decide on the vaccination plan, even without the consent of the parents or guardians, without the need for a judge's ruling. The availability of the child should be the point of reference, according to the National Bioethics Committee, for consent to vaccination. The authors investigate the subject in depth in order to counteract vaccination hesitation, and promote the dissemination of correct scientific information, using every different possible communication tool, as well as social networks and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricla Marrone
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Benedetta Pia De Luca
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandra Stellacci
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Luigi Buongiorno
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Pierluigi Caricato
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Ferorelli
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Biagio Solarino
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Ettore Gorini
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Michele di Landro
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Alessandro Dell’Erba
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- U.O.C. Neonatology and NICU Policlinico Bari, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Elsayed M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Welte XA, Dardeer KT, Kamal MA, Abdelnaby R, Rudek MA, Riedel E, Denkinger M, Gahr M, Connemann BJ, Alif SM, Banik B, Cross W, Rahman MA. Psychological Distress, Fear and Coping Strategies During the Second and Third Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern Germany. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:860683. [PMID: 35546957 PMCID: PMC9082598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.860683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed enormous psychological discomfort and fear across the globe, including Germany. Objectives To assess the levels of COVID-19 associated psychological distress and fear amongst Southern German population, and to identify their coping strategies. Methods A cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the region of Ulm, Southern Germany. Assessment inventories were the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), which were valid and reliable tools. Results A total of 474 Individuals participated in the study. The mean age was 33.6 years, and 327 (69%) were females. Most participants (n = 381, 80.4%) had high levels of psychological distress, whereas only 5.1% had high levels of fear, and two-thirds of participants showed higher levels of coping. Moderate to very high levels of psychological distress were associated with being female, living alone, distress due to employment changes, experiencing financial impact, having multiple co-morbidities, being a smoker, increased alcohol use over the previous 6 months, contact with COVID-19 cases and healthcare providers for COVID-19-related stress. Individuals who were ≥60 years, lived with non-family members, had co-morbidities and visited a healthcare provider had higher levels of fear. Higher levels of education and income showed better coping amongst participants. Conclusion Psychological distress was very high during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and associated with low levels of coping. This study identified vulnerable groups of people, who should be given priorities for addressing their health and wellbeing in future crisis periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Geriatric Center Ulm (GZU), Ulm, Germany
| | - Xenia Anna Welte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Ramy Abdelnaby
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus A Rudek
- Division of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Denkinger
- Geriatric Center Ulm (GZU), Ulm, Germany
- Agaplesion Bethesda Clinic, Geriatric Research Unit Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sheikh M Alif
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Biswajit Banik
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy Cross
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Barone B, De Luca L, Napolitano L, Reccia P, Crocetto F, Creta M, Vitale R, Caputo VF, Martino R, Cirillo L, Fusco GM, Trivellato M, Celentano G, La Rocca R, Prezioso D, Longo N. Lower urinary tract symptoms and mental health during COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2022; 94:46-50. [PMID: 35352524 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2022.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of RNA viruses involved in several human diseases affecting respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurological systems. COVID-19 was identified in 2020 and was named SARS-CoV-2. To limit worldwide contagion, many countries instituted a lockdown, which conducted to disruption of routine life. In fact, pandemic was associated with several stresses among population, such as loss of employment, deaths of family members, friends, or colleagues, financial insecurity, and isolation. This led to long-lasting psychosocial effects as anxiety and depression, increasing the prevalence of stress and traumarelated disorders in the population. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between lower urinary tracts symptoms (LUTS) and stress/depressive symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional webbased survey (comprehending anthropometric data, education level, occupation status, smoking and alcohol habits, current therapies, quarantine and COVID-19 infection status) was conducted from March to May 2020 in Italy. LUTS were examined through National Institute of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and Genitourinary Pain Index (GUPI). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was utilized to evaluate depressive and anxiety symptoms. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H Test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 356 out of 461 subjects fully completed the survey, with a response rate of 77.2%. Data showed that subjects involved in economic difficulties, quarantine measures or with increased HDRS reported a significative statistic worsened urinary symptoms (H(3) = 11.731, p = 0.008), quality of life, (H(3) = 10.301, p = 0.016), total NIH-CPSI/GUPI score (H(3) = 42.150, p = 0.000), and quality of life (H(3) = 48.638, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 pandemic provoked several alterations in everyday life. Although general lockdown, quarantine and social distancing have been necessary to prevent virus spreading, this had long term effects on all population in terms of mental and physical health. NIH-CPSI and GUPI scores increased linearly with stress and anxiety levels measured at HDRS, confirming worse LUTS in subjects who suffered anxiety and stress from COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Barone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Luigi De Luca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Luigi Napolitano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Pasquale Reccia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Massimiliano Creta
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Raffaele Vitale
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Vincenzo Francesco Caputo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Raffaele Martino
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Giovanni Maria Fusco
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Massimiliano Trivellato
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Giuseppe Celentano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Roberto La Rocca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Domenico Prezioso
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences of University of Naples "Federico II", Naples.
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Brasso C, Bellino S, Blua C, Bozzatello P, Rocca P. The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Youth Mental Health: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:772. [PMID: 35453522 PMCID: PMC9031156 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical health, psychological wellbeing, and mental health of the whole population. Young people are among those most at risk of developing mental health symptoms or disorders related to the pandemic. PURPOSE the present narrative review is aimed at providing an updated overview of the current literature concerning the psychological impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection but also of the COVID-19 outbreak, environmental restriction, and social distancing on mental health outcomes among the youth population aged between 15 and 25 years. METHODS in December 2021, an electronic search on this topic was performed on PubMed. Relevant publications from January 2020 until December 2021 were included. FINDINGS 53 cross-sectional studies, 26 longitudinal studies, 4 ecological studies, 1 qualitative study, and 1 systematic review were included. We found many methodological limitations in the studies included, especially poor choice of study samples and short follow-ups. Little literature was in support of a strong relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and consequences on youth mental health. On the contrary, many studies showed how extraordinary measures to limit the spread of the virus have impacted young people in terms of onset of new mental disorders and symptoms, suicidality, and access to emergency psychiatric services. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and disorders show the greatest increase in incidence, especially in girls and young women. CONCLUSIONS it seems important to pay attention to the mental health of young people in relation to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, studies with more robust methodologies and longer follow-ups are needed to establish precise indications for targeted interventions in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Brasso
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.B.); (C.B.); (P.B.); (P.R.)
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Castellini G, Tarchi L, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Sanfilippo G, Innocenti M, Gironi V, Scami I, Ricca V. Attachment Style and Childhood Traumatic Experiences Moderate the Impact of Initial and Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Longitudinal Trajectories in a Sample of Italian Women. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-20. [PMID: 35316933 PMCID: PMC8929455 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has not been clarified yet, with multiple studies warranting a special focus on women and young adults. A sample of 101 Italian women recruited from the general population was evaluated a few weeks before the onset of the pandemic and during the first and the second wave of the pandemic. Depression values at the Brief Symptom Inventory showed an initial increase followed by a stabilization on higher values in respect to the baseline, whereas Phobic Anxiety was stably worsened. Participants with insecure attachment styles and childhood trauma showed higher levels of distress at all timepoints. In many psychopathological domains, moderation analysis showed an unfavorable trend over time for younger participants. The present study seems to confirm a high burden on mental health for women during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting young age, insecure attachment style, and childhood trauma as negative prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Padiglione 8b, Cliniche Chirurgiche Primo Piano, AOU Careggi, Viale della Maternità, 50134 Firenze, FI Italy
| | - Livio Tarchi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Sanfilippo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Innocenti
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Veronica Gironi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Scami
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Is the "Family Glass Cabin" Useful to Safely Allow Inpatient-Caregiver Interaction in the COVID-19 Era? A Pilot Study on Severe Acquired Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061623. [PMID: 35329947 PMCID: PMC8950736 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is a life-changing event that can have a devastating impact on all aspects of a person’s functioning. Patients with ABI present several behavioral problems that have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed at investigating the role of a “Family Glass Cabin” (FGC) both in improving cognitive function and communicative abilities of people with ABI and in potentiating the mental health of their caregivers. Fifteen subjects affected by ABI and their caregivers were enrolled in this experimental study. Training was performed through the FGC and was based on either psychoeducational sessions for the caregivers or cognitive stimulations for the patients. The participants attended biweekly meetings for 12 consecutive weeks. Each participant was assessed by means of a complete psychometric and clinical battery, before (T0) and after (T1) the training. We found significant changes in all patients’ outcomes, including global cognitive function and communication abilities (p < 0.01), as well as an improvement in caregivers’ well-being. Our data suggest that the physical presence of the caregiver in the rehabilitation setting, using a safe setting such as the FGC, can be a valuable means to increase ABI patients’ functional recovery and reduce caregivers’ anxiety and emotional burden.
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