1
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Mirsafi SM, Sepaskhah AR, Ahmadi SH. Physiological traits, crop growth, and grain quality of quinoa in response to deficit irrigation and planting methods. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:809. [PMID: 39198743 PMCID: PMC11351449 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change has become a concern, emphasizing the need for the development of crops tolerant to drought. Therefore, this study is designed to explore the physiological characteristics of quinoa that enable it to thrive under drought and other extreme stress conditions by investigating the combined effects of irrigation water levels (100%, 75%, and 50% of quinoa's water requirements, WR as I1, I2 and I3) and different planting methods (basin, on-ridge, and in-furrow as P1, P2 and P3) on quinoa's physiological traits and gas exchange. Results showed that quinoa's yield is lowest with on-ridge planting and highest in the in-furrow planting method. Notably, the seed protein concentrations in I2 and I3 did not significantly differ but they were 25% higher than those obtained in I1, which highlighted the possibility of using a more effective irrigation method without compromising the seed quality. On the other hand, protein yield (PY) was lowest in P2 (mean of I1 and I2 as 257 kg ha-1) and highest in P3 (mean of I1 and I2 as 394 kg ha-1, 53% higher). Interestingly, PY values were not significantly different in I1 and I2, but they were lower significantly in I3 by 28%, 27% and 20% in P1, P2, and P3, respectively. Essential plant characteristics including plant height, stem diameter, and panicle number were 6.1-16.7%, 6.4-24.5%, and 18.4-36.5% lower, respectively, in I2 and I3 than those in I1. The highest Leaf Area Index (LAI) value (5.34) was recorded in the in-furrow planting and I1, while the lowest value was observed in the on-ridge planting method and I3 (3.47). In I3, leaf temperature increased by an average of 2.5-3 oC, particularly during the anthesis stage. The results also showed that at a similar leaf water potential (LWP) higher yield and dry matter were obtained in the in-furrow planting compared to those obtained in the basin and on-ridge planting methods. The highest stomatal conductance (gs) value was observed within the in-furrow planting method and full irrigation (I1P3), while the lowest values were obtained in the on-ridge and 50%WR (I3P2). Finally, photosynthesis rate (An) reduction with diminishing LWP was mild, providing insights into quinoa's adaptability to drought. In conclusion, considering the thorough evaluation of all the measured parameters, the study suggests using the in-furrow planting method with a 75%WR as the best approach for growing quinoa in arid and semi-arid regions to enhance production and resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Reza Sepaskhah
- Department of Water Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- Drought Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hamid Ahmadi
- Department of Water Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Drought Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Kimera F, Mugwanya M, Ahmed W, Dawood MAO, Sewilam H. Optimizing growth and yield of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in a biosaline integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17494. [PMID: 39080420 PMCID: PMC11289091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity and freshwater scarcity are among the major global threats to sustainable development owing to their adverse impacts on agricultural productivity especially in arid and semi-arid regions. There is a need to find sustainable alternatives such as salt-tolerant crops and fish to improve people's livelihoods in marginal areas. This study aimed to maximize the growth and yield of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) cultivated under a biosaline integrated aquaculture-agriculture system. The study was laid in a randomized completely block design of three saline effluent treatments under three replicates: 5000 ppm (T1), 10,000 ppm (T2), 15,000 ppm (T3), and control (T0). Agro-morphological and physiological attributes of quinoa were measured. The crop yield in biomass and mineral element composition was also studied. Additionally, fish growth performance parameters such as feed intake and efficiency, growth, and survival rate were also calculated. Our results indicated that irrigating quinoa with saline aquaculture effluents above 10,000 ppm enhanced the plant growth, yield, and nutrient content of seeds. Furthermore, rearing striped catfish in saline water reaching up to 15,000 ppm did not have adverse impacts on the growth and survival of fish. Overall, integrating catfish and quinoa production under a salinity regime of 10,000 ppm could be a potential solution to ensuring alternative food sources in marginal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Kimera
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Muziri Mugwanya
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Walaa Ahmed
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Habib Z, Ijaz S, Haq IU, Hashem A, Avila-Quezada GD, Abd_Allah EF, Khan NA. Empirical phenotyping and genome-wide association study reveal the association of panicle architecture with yield in Chenopodium quinoa. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1349239. [PMID: 38562468 PMCID: PMC10982352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa manifests adaptability to grow under varying agro-climatic scenarios. Assessing quinoa germplasm's phenotypic and genetic variability is a prerequisite for introducing it as a potential candidate in cropping systems. Adaptability is the basic outcome of ecological genomics of crop plants. Adaptive variation predicted with a genome-wide association study provides a valuable basis for marker-assisted breeding. Hence, a panel of 72 quinoa plants was phenotyped for agro morphological attributes and association-mapping for distinct imperative agronomic traits. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to assess genetic relatedness and population structure. Heatmap analysis showed three genotypes were early maturing, and six genotypes were attributed for highest yield. The SD-121-07 exhibited highest yield per plant possessing green, glomerulate shaped, compact density panicle with less leaves. However, SJrecm-03 yielded less exhibiting pink, intermediate shape, intermediate density panicles with less leaves. The phenotyping revealed strong correlation of panicle architecture with yield in quinoa. A genome-wide association study unraveled the associations between ISSR makers and agro-morphological traits. Mixed linear modes analysis yielded nine markers associated with eight traits at p ≤ 0.01. Moreover, ISSR markers significantly associated with panicle shape and leafiness were also associated with yield per plant. These findings contribute to the provision of authenticity for marker-assisted selection that ultimately would support quinoa breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Habib
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Siddra Ijaz
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ul Haq
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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4
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Romero-Benavides JC, Guaraca-Pino E, Duarte-Casar R, Rojas-Le-Fort M, Bailon-Moscoso N. Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Amaranthus hybridus L.: Ancestral Andean Food Security and Modern Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1728. [PMID: 38139854 PMCID: PMC10747716 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The species Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Amaranthus hybridus L. are Andean staples, part of the traditional diet and gastronomy of the people of the highlands of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina and Chile, with several ethnopharmacological uses, among them anticancer applications. This review aims to present updated information on the nutritional composition, phytochemistry, and antimicrobial and anticancer activity of Quinoa and Amaranth. Both species contribute to food security due to their essential amino acid contents, which are higher than those of most staples. It is highlighted that the biological activity, especially the antimicrobial activity in C. quinoa, and the anticancer activity in both species is related to the presence of phytochemicals present mostly in leaves and seeds. The biological activity of both species is consistent with their phytochemical composition, with phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and peptides being the main compound families of interest. Extracts of different plant organs of both species and peptide fractions have shown in vitro and, to a lesser degree, in vivo activity against a variety of bacteria and cancer cell lines. These findings confirm the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of both species, C. quinoa having more reported activity than A. hybridus through different compounds and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Romero-Benavides
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador;
| | - Evelyn Guaraca-Pino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador;
- Maestría en Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo Duarte-Casar
- Tecnología Superior en Gestión Culinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador—Sede Manabí, Portoviejo 130103, Ecuador; (R.D.-C.); (M.R.-L.-F.)
| | - Marlene Rojas-Le-Fort
- Tecnología Superior en Gestión Culinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador—Sede Manabí, Portoviejo 130103, Ecuador; (R.D.-C.); (M.R.-L.-F.)
| | - Natalia Bailon-Moscoso
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador;
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5
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Rey E, Maughan PJ, Maumus F, Lewis D, Wilson L, Fuller J, Schmöckel SM, Jellen EN, Tester M, Jarvis DE. A chromosome-scale assembly of the quinoa genome provides insights into the structure and dynamics of its subgenomes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1263. [PMID: 38092895 PMCID: PMC10719370 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an allotetraploid seed crop with the potential to help address global food security concerns. Genomes have been assembled for four accessions of quinoa; however, all assemblies are fragmented and do not reflect known chromosome biology. Here, we use in vitro and in vivo Hi-C data to produce a chromosome-scale assembly of the Chilean accession PI 614886 (QQ74). The final assembly spans 1.326 Gb, of which 90.5% is assembled into 18 chromosome-scale scaffolds. The genome is annotated with 54,499 protein-coding genes, 96.9% of which are located on the 18 largest scaffolds. We also report an updated genome assembly for the B-genome diploid C. suecicum and use it, together with the A-genome diploid C. pallidicaule, to identify genomic rearrangements within the quinoa genome, including a large pericentromeric inversion representing 71.7% of chromosome Cq3B. Repetitive sequences comprise 65.2%, 48.6%, and 57.9% of the quinoa, C. pallidicaule, and C. suecicum genomes, respectively. Evidence suggests that the B subgenome is more dynamic and has expanded more than the A subgenome. These genomic resources will enable more accurate assessments of genome evolution within the Amaranthaceae and will facilitate future efforts to identify variation in genes underlying important agronomic traits in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Rey
- 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter J Maughan
- Brigham Young University, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Florian Maumus
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Daniel Lewis
- Brigham Young University, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Leanne Wilson
- Brigham Young University, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Juliana Fuller
- Brigham Young University, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Sandra M Schmöckel
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Department Physiology of Yield Stability, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eric N Jellen
- Brigham Young University, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Mark Tester
- 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - David E Jarvis
- Brigham Young University, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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6
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Li T, Zhang M, Li M, Wang X, Xing S. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of YABBY Genes in Chenopodium quinoa. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2103. [PMID: 38003046 PMCID: PMC10671189 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-specific YABBY transcription factors play an important role in lateral organ development and abiotic stress responses. However, the functions of the YABBY genes in quinoa remain elusive. In this study, twelve YABBY (CqYAB) genes were identified in the quinoa genome, and they were distributed on nine chromosomes. They were classified into FIL/YAB3, YAB2, YAB5, INO, and CRC clades. All CqYAB genes consist of six or seven exons, and their proteins contain both N-terminal C2C2 zinc finger motifs and C-terminal YABBY domains. Ninety-three cis-regulatory elements were revealed in CqYAB gene promoters, and they were divided into six groups, such as cis-elements involved in light response, hormone response, development, and stress response. Six CqYAB genes were significantly upregulated by salt stress, while one was downregulated. Nine CqYAB genes were upregulated under drought stress, whereas six CqYAB genes were downregulated under cadmium treatment. Tissue expression profiles showed that nine CqYAB genes were expressed in seedlings, leaves, and flowers, seven in seeds, and two specifically in flowers, but no CqYAB expression was detected in roots. Furthermore, CqYAB4 could rescue the ino mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis but not CqYAB10, a paralog of CqYAB4, indicative of functional conservation and divergence among these YABBY genes. Taken together, these results lay a foundation for further functional analysis of CqYAB genes in quinoa growth, development, and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Mian Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Shuping Xing
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Taiyuan 030600, China
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7
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Moog MW, Yang X, Bendtsen AK, Dong L, Crocoll C, Imamura T, Mori M, Cushman JC, Kant MR, Palmgren M. Epidermal bladder cells as a herbivore defense mechanism. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4662-4673.e6. [PMID: 37852262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The aerial surfaces of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) are covered with a layer of epidermal bladder cells (EBCs), which are modified non-glandular trichomes previously considered to be key to the extreme salt and drought tolerance of these plants. Here, however, we find that EBCs of these plants play only minor roles, if any, in abiotic stress tolerance and in fact are detrimental under conditions of water deficit. We report that EBCs instead function as deterrents to a broad range of generalist arthropod herbivores, through their combined function of forming both a chemical and a physical barrier, and they also serve a protective function against a phytopathogen. Our study overturns current models that link EBCs to salt and drought tolerance and assigns new functions to these structures that might provide novel possibilities for protecting crops from arthropod pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max W Moog
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Amalie K Bendtsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lin Dong
- Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tomohiro Imamura
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 308-1, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 308-1, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0014, USA
| | - Merijn R Kant
- Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Afzal I, Haq MZU, Ahmed S, Hirich A, Bazile D. Challenges and Perspectives for Integrating Quinoa into the Agri-Food System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3361. [PMID: 37836099 PMCID: PMC10574050 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is a highly nutritious and abiotic stress-tolerant crop that can be used to ensure food security for the rapidly growing world population under changing climate conditions. Various experiments, based on morphology, phenology, physiology, and yield-related attributes, are being conducted across the globe to check its adoptability under stressful environmental conditions. High weed infestation, early stand establishment, photoperiod sensitivity, loss of seed viability after harvest, and heat stress during its reproductive stage are major constraints to its cultivation. The presence of saponin on its outer surface is also a significant restriction to its local consumption. Scientists are using modern breeding programs, such as participatory approaches, to understand and define breeding goals to promote quinoa adaptation under marginalized conditions. Despite its rich nutritional value, there is still a need to create awareness among people and industries about its nutritional profile and potential for revenue generation. In the future, the breeding of the sweet and larger-grain quinoa varietals will be an option for avoiding the cleaning of saponins, but with the risk of having more pests in the field. There is also a need to focus on mechanized farming systems for the cultivation, harvesting, and processing of quinoa to facilitate and expand its cultivation and consumption across the globe, considering its high genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Afzal
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zia Ul Haq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Shahbaz Ahmed
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco;
| | - Didier Bazile
- CIRAD, SENS, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- SENS, CIRAD, IRD, University Paul Valery Montpellier 3, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
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9
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Bhardwaj R, Yadav R, Vishwakarma H, Sharma K, Chandora R, Rana JC, Riar A. Agro-morphological and nutritional assessment of chenopod and quinoa germplasm-Highly adaptable potential crops. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5446-5459. [PMID: 37701188 PMCID: PMC10494622 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa belongs to the family Chenopodiaceae, a pseudo-grain having high nutritional value and is considered an underexploited vegetable crop with the potential to improve the nutritional security of millions. Therefore, assessing genetic diversity in Chenopodium germplasm to untap nutritional and site-specific adaptation potential would be of prime importance for breeders/researchers. The present study used 10 accessions of two Chenopodium species, that is, C. quinoa and C. album. Quantitative and qualitative phenotypic traits, proximate composition, minerals, and amino acids profiles were studied to compare the differences in nutritional value and extent of genetic diversity between these two species. Our results showed significant variation existed in yield attributing agro-morphological traits. All the traits were considered for hierarchical clustering and principal components analysis. Large genetic variability was observed in traits of Chenopodium accessions. The protein, dietary fiber, oil, and sugar content ranged from 16.6% to 19.7%, 16.8% to 26%, 3.54% to 8.46%, and 3.74% to 5.64%, respectively. The results showed that C. album and C. quinoa seeds had good nutritional value and health-promoting benefits. The C. quinoa was slightly ahead of than C. album in terms of nutritional value, but C. album accession IC415477 was at par for higher test weight, seed yield (117.02 g/plant), and other nutritional parameters with C. quinoa accessions. IC415477 and other potential accessions observed in this study may be taken up by breeders/researchers in the near future to dissect nutritional value of Chenopodium and related species for dietary diversity, which is imperative for the nutritional security of the ever-growing world's population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bhardwaj
- ICAR– National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- ICAR– National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Kriti Sharma
- ICAR– National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Rahul Chandora
- ICAR– National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Jai Chand Rana
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIATNew DelhiIndia
| | - Amritbir Riar
- Department of International CooperationResearch Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBLFrickSwitzerland
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Agarwal A, Rizwana, Tripathi AD, Kumar T, Sharma KP, Patel SKS. Nutritional and Functional New Perspectives and Potential Health Benefits of Quinoa and Chia Seeds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1413. [PMID: 37507952 PMCID: PMC10376479 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and chia (Salvia hispanica) are essential traditional crops with excellent nutritional properties. Quinoa is known for its high and good quality protein content and nine essential amino acids vital for an individual's development and growth, whereas chia seeds contain high dietary fiber content, calories, lipids, minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc), and vitamins (A and B complex). Chia seeds are also known for their presence of a high amount of omega-3 fatty acids. Both quinoa and chia seeds are gluten-free and provide medicinal properties due to bioactive compounds, which help combat various chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases such as cancer. Quinoa seeds possess phenolic compounds, particularly kaempferol, which can help prevent cancer. Many food products can be developed by fortifying quinoa and chia seeds in different concentrations to enhance their nutritional profile, such as extruded snacks, meat products, etc. Furthermore, it highlights the value-added products that can be developed by including quinoa and chia seeds, alone and in combination. This review focused on the recent development in quinoa and chia seeds nutritional, bioactive properties, and processing for potential human health and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Agarwal
- Department of Food & Nutrition and Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, Sikandra Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Rizwana
- Department of Food Technology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, Sector-2, Dwarka, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Tarika Kumar
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Kanti Prakash Sharma
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
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Iron biofortification in quinoa: Effect of iron application methods on nutritional quality, anti-nutrient composition, and grain productivity. Food Chem 2023; 404:134573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abbas G, Areej F, Asad SA, Saqib M, Anwar-ul-Haq M, Afzal S, Murtaza B, Amjad M, Naeem MA, Akram M, Akhtar N, Aftab M, Siddique KHM. Differential Effect of Heat Stress on Drought and Salt Tolerance Potential of Quinoa Genotypes: A Physiological and Biochemical Investigation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:774. [PMID: 36840121 PMCID: PMC9963737 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity, drought, and increasing temperatures are serious environmental issues that drastically reduce crop productivity worldwide. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is an important crop for food security under the changing climate. This study examined the physio-biochemical responses, plant growth, and grain yield of four quinoa genotypes (A7, Titicaca, Vikinga, and Puno) grown in pots containing normal (non-saline) or salt-affected soil exposed to drought and elevated-temperature treatments. Combinations of drought, salinity, and high-temperature stress decreased plant growth and yield more than the individual stresses. The combined drought, salinity, and heat stress treatment decreased the shoot biomass of A7, Puno, Titicaca, and Vikinga by 27, 36, 41, and 50%, respectively, compared to that of control plants. Similar trends were observed for grain yield, chlorophyll contents, and stomatal conductance. The combined application of these three stresses increased Na concentrations but decreased K concentrations in roots and shoots relative to control. Moreover, in the combined salinity, drought, and high-temperature treatment, A7, Puno, Titicaca, and Vikinga had 7.3-, 6.9-, 8-, and 12.6-fold higher hydrogen peroxide contents than control plants. All four quinoa genotypes increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, and POD) to overcome oxidative stress. Despite A7 producing the highest biomass under stress, it did not translate into increased grain production. We conclude that Puno and Titicaca are more tolerant than Vikinga for cultivation in salt-affected soils prone to drought and heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- Centre for Climate Research and Development (CCRD), COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Areej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Asad
- Department of Bio Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Afzal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Akhtar
- Biochemistry Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- Soil Chemistry Section, Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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Oustani M, Mehda S, Halilat MT, Chenchouni H. Yield, growth development and grain characteristics of seven Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes grown in open-field production systems under hot-arid climatic conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1991. [PMID: 36737632 PMCID: PMC9898249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa is an important Andean crop that can play a strategic role in the development of degraded lands in hot arid regions due to its high nutritional value, genetic diversity and its high adaptability to stressful environments. The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance (growth development, grain yield and grain quality characteristics) of seven quinoa genotypes (Giza1, Sajama, Santa Maria, Q102, Q29, Q27 and Q18) cultivated under open field conditions in the Sahara Desert of Algeria. Using randomized complete block design (4 blocks), field trials were conducted during two cropping seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) from November to April. The measured parameters included: plant height, number of panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight (TGW), grain yield (GYd), grain protein content (GPt), grain saponin content (GSC), and maturity indicators. The genotype effect was statistically the main source of variation in most parameters investigated as compared to the effect of cropping year. The Q102 genotype produced the highest GYd (2.87 t/ha) and GPt (16.7 g/100 g DM); and it required medium period (149 days) to reach harvest maturity as compared to other genotypes. The genotype Giza1 showed the lowest GYd and also low values for most of traits measured. However, it had the shortest harvest maturity (139 days) and the lowest GSC (0.62 g/100 g DM). The variety Santa Maria recorded the highest TGW (2.68 g), but it took 164 days to reach harvest maturity and it had high GSC (1.92 g/100 g DM). Though the best yield and grain quality characteristics were not reunited in single genotype, our findings showed that quinoa has multi-benefit potentials as a new crop for the arid agriculture in particular in hot-arid regions of North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouka Oustani
- Laboratory of Saharan Bio-Resources: Preservation and Development, University of Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Smail Mehda
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Tahar Halilat
- Laboratory of Saharan Bio-Resources: Preservation and Development, University of Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Haroun Chenchouni
- Department of Forest Management, Higher National School of Forests, 40000, Khenchela, Algeria. .,Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments 'RNAMS', University of Oum-El-Bouaghi, 04000, Oum-El-Bouaghi, Algeria.
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Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined to Analyze Quinoa Grain Quality Differences of Different Colors Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112883. [PMID: 36361672 PMCID: PMC9656266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) has attracted considerable attention owing to its unique nutritional, economic, and medicinal values. Meanwhile, quinoa germplasm resources and grain colors are rich and diverse. In this study, we analyzed the composition of primary and secondary metabolites and the content of the grains of four different high-yield quinoa cultivars (black, red, white, and yellow) harvested 42 days after flowering. The grains were subjected to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and transcriptome sequencing to identify the differentially expressed genes and metabolites. Analysis of candidate genes regulating the metabolic differences among cultivars found that the metabolite profiles differed between white and black quinoa, and that there were also clear differences between red and yellow quinoa. It also revealed significantly altered amino acid, alkaloid, tannin, phenolic acid, and lipid profiles among the four quinoa cultivars. Six common enrichment pathways, including phenylpropane biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and ABC transporter, were common to metabolites and genes. Moreover, we identified key genes highly correlated with specific metabolites and clarified the relationship between them. Our results provide theoretical and practical references for breeding novel quinoa cultivars with superior quality, yield, and stress tolerance. Furthermore, these findings introduce an original approach of integrating genomics and transcriptomics for screening target genes that regulate the desirable traits of quinoa grain.
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Rafique E, Mumtaz MZ, Ullah I, Rehman A, Qureshi KA, Kamran M, Rehman MU, Jaremko M, Alenezi MA. Potential of mineral-solubilizing bacteria for physiology and growth promotion of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1004833. [PMID: 36299778 PMCID: PMC9589155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiency in wild plant species, including quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), can be overcome by applying mineral-solubilizing bacteria. Quinoa is a gluten-free, nutritious food crop with unique protein content. The present study aimed to characterize mineral-solubilizing rhizobacterial strains and to evaluate their plant growth-promoting potential in quinoa seedlings. More than sixty rhizobacterial strains were isolated from the quinoa rhizosphere and found eighteen strains to be strong phosphate solubilizers. Most of these bacterial strains showed zinc solubilization, and more than 80% of strains could solubilize manganese. The selected strains were identified as Bacillus altitudinis Cq-3, Pseudomonas flexibilis Cq-32, Bacillus pumilus Cq-35, Pseudomonas furukawaii Cq-40, Pontibacter lucknowensis Cq-48, and Ensifer sp. Cq-51 through 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing. Mainly, these strains showed the production of organic acids, including malic, gluconic, tartaric, ascorbic, lactic, and oxalic acids in insoluble phosphorus amended broth. All strains showed production of gluconic acids, while half of the strains could produce malic, ascorbic, lactic, and oxalic acids. These strains demonstrated the production of indole-3-acetic acid in the presence as well as in the absence of L-tryptophan. The bacterial strains also demonstrated their ability to promote growth and yield attributes, including shoot length, root length, leave numbers, root and shoot dry biomass, spike length, and spikes numbers of quinoa in pots and field trials. Increased physiological attributes, including relative humidity, quantum flux, diffusive resistance, and transpiration rate, were observed due to inoculation with mineral solubilizing bacterial strains under field conditions. P. lucknowensis Cq-48, followed by P. flexibilis Cq-32, and P. furukawaii Cq-40 showed promising results to promote growth, yield, and physiological attributes. The multi-traits characteristics and plant growth-promoting ability in the tested bacterial strains could provide an opportunity for formulating biofertilizers that could promote wild quinoa growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Rafique
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamal Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mujaddad Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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García-Parra M, Polo-Muñoz MP, Nieto Calvache JE, Agudelo-Laverde LM, Roa-Acosta DF. Physicochemical, rheological and structural properties of flours from six quinoa cultivars grown in Colombia. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.936962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInclusion of quinoa in the diet of consumers has generated a challenge for quinoa producers and food processors, which involves the study of new cultivars and the functional properties of their flours.MethodsSix quinoa cultivars (Titicaca, Blanca real, Soracá, Pasankalla, Puno and Nariño) were analyzed for their proximate composition using the methodologies proposed by the Association of Official Analytical Collaboration, AOAC. A rheological analysis was carried out with flours from each cultivar. A sequential test including a flow test, a pasting test and another flow test was programmed to evaluate the flow behavior before and after a heating process. In addition, the structural properties of the cultivar flours were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).ResultsIt was found that the Pasankalla, Titicaca and Soracá cultivars had a higher (p < 0.05) protein content, while the Puno, Pansakalla and Blanca real cultivars stood out for their higher (p < 0.05) lipid content. On the other hand, it was found that before heating, all quinoa flour dispersions had a dilatant flow (n > 1), but after heating, all of them showed a decrease of index values, where the flours of the Titicaca and Pasankalla cultivars were more affected with a tendency toward a Newtonian flow (n ≈ 1). The pasting test showed that the viscosity varied according to the cultivar tested. It is noteworthy that both Titicaca and Soracá presented a high peak viscosity (0.16 ± 0.01 and 0.13 ± 0.02 Pa·s respectively) and different setback values on cooling (0.100 ± 0.028 and 0.01 ± 0.01 Pa·s respectively). Spectroscopic analysis showed a direct relationship between the intensity of the peaks and the nutritional content of the flours. In addition, secondary protein structures such as β-sheet, β-Turn, α-Helix and Random Coil were identified after deconvolution of the spectra. The differences in the protein structures of each cultivar could allow their identification by this methodology.ConclusionIt can be concluded that quinoa flours from the six cultivars could be used for the formulation of different food products, such as beverages, baked goods, snacks, pasta and others, acting as nutritional improvers and modifiers of rheological, textural and functional properties.
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Hao Y, Hong Y, Guo H, Qin P, Huang A, Yang X, Ren G. Transcriptomic and metabolomic landscape of quinoa during seed germination. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:237. [PMID: 35538406 PMCID: PMC9088103 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), a dicotyledonous species native to Andean region, is an emerging crop worldwide nowadays due to its high nutritional value and resistance to extreme abiotic stresses. Although it is well known that seed germination is an important and multiple physiological process, the network regulation of quinoa seed germination is largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we performed transcriptomic study in five stages during transition from quinoa dry seed to seedling. Together with the GC-MS based metabolome analysis, we found that seed metabolism is reprogrammed with significant alteration of multiple phytohormones (especially abscisic acid) and other nutrients during the elongation of radicels. Cell-wall remodeling is another main active process happening in the early period of quinoa seed germination. Photosynthesis was fully activated at the final stage, promoting the biosynthesis of amino acids and protein to allow seedling growth. The multi-omics analysis revealed global changes in metabolic pathways and phenotype during quinoa seed germination. CONCLUSION The transcriptomic and metabolomic landscape depicted here pave ways for further gene function elucidation and quinoa development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Hao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yechun Hong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Peiyou Qin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ancheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China.
| | - Guixing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 80 South Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 1 Shilling Road, Chenglo Avenue, Longquan District, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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El-Shamy MA, Alshaal T, Mohamed HH, Rady AMS, Hafez EM, Alsohim AS, Abd El-Moneim D. Quinoa Response to Application of Phosphogypsum and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria under Water Stress Associated with Salt-Affected Soil. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070872. [PMID: 35406852 PMCID: PMC9003221 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate the impact of soil amendments (i.e., phosphogypsum and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)) separately or their combination on exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), soil enzymes’ activity (urease and dehydrogenase), pigment content, relative water content (RWC), antioxidant enzymatic activity, oxidative stress, productivity, and quality of quinoa under deficient irrigation conditions in two field experiments during the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 seasons under salt-affected soil. Results revealed that ESP, soil urease activity, soil dehydrogenase activity, leaf chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids, leaf K content, RWC, SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and POD (peroxidase) activities were declined, resulting in overproduction of leaf Na content, proline content, and oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage) under water stress and soil salinity, which negatively influence yield-related traits, productivity, and seed quality of quinoa. However, amendment of salt-affected soil with combined phosphogypsum and seed inoculation with PGPR under deficient irrigation conditions was more effective than singular application and control plots in ameliorating the harmful effects of water stress and soil salinity. Additionally, combined application limited Na uptake in leaves and increased K uptake and leaf chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids as well as improved SOD, CAT, and POD activities to ameliorate oxidative stress indicators (H2O2, MDA, and electrolyte leakage), which eventually positively reflected on productivity and quality in quinoa. We conclude that the potential utilization of phosphogypsum and PGPR are very promising as sustainable eco-friendly strategies to improve quinoa tolerance to water stress under soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshira A. El-Shamy
- Crop Intensification Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Giza 12511, Egypt;
| | - Tarek Alshaal
- Department of Applied Plant Biology, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hossam Hussein Mohamed
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11782, Egypt;
| | - Asmaa M. S. Rady
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Emad M. Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.M.H.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdullah S. Alsohim
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Burydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.M.H.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish 45511, Egypt;
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Benaffari W, Boutasknit A, Anli M, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Ait-Rahou Y, Ben-Laouane R, Ben Ahmed H, Mitsui T, Baslam M, Meddich A. The Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Vermicompost-Based Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Fertility, Growth Performance, and the Drought Stress Tolerance of Quinoa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030393. [PMID: 35161374 PMCID: PMC8838481 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effects of biostimulants on the physicochemical parameters of the agricultural soil of quinoa under two water regimes and to understand the mode of action of the biostimulants on quinoa for drought adaptation. We investigated the impact of two doses of vermicompost (5 and 10 t/ha) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi applied individually, or in joint application, on attenuating the negative impacts of water shortage and improving the agro-physiological and biochemical traits of quinoa, as well as soil fertility, under two water regimes (well-watered and drought stress) in open field conditions. Exposure to drought decreased biomass, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance, and increased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content. Mycorrhiza and/or vermicompost promoted plant growth by activating photosynthesis machinery and nutrient assimilation, leading to increased total soluble sugars, proteins, and antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaf and root. After the experiment, the soil's total organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, and soil glomalin content improved by the single or combined application of mycorrhiza and vermicompost. This knowledge suggests that the combination of mycorrhiza and vermicompost regulates the physiological and biochemical processes employed by quinoa in coping with drought and improves the understanding of soil-plant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissal Benaffari
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), “Physiology of Abiotic Stresses” Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (W.B.); (A.B.); (M.A.); (Y.A.-R.); (R.B.-L.)
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratoire Mixte Tuniso-Marocain (LMTM) de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales et Changements Climatiques LPBV2C, Tunis 1000, Tunisia;
| | - Abderrahim Boutasknit
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), “Physiology of Abiotic Stresses” Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (W.B.); (A.B.); (M.A.); (Y.A.-R.); (R.B.-L.)
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratoire Mixte Tuniso-Marocain (LMTM) de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales et Changements Climatiques LPBV2C, Tunis 1000, Tunisia;
| | - Mohamed Anli
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), “Physiology of Abiotic Stresses” Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (W.B.); (A.B.); (M.A.); (Y.A.-R.); (R.B.-L.)
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratoire Mixte Tuniso-Marocain (LMTM) de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales et Changements Climatiques LPBV2C, Tunis 1000, Tunisia;
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
| | - Youssef Ait-Rahou
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), “Physiology of Abiotic Stresses” Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (W.B.); (A.B.); (M.A.); (Y.A.-R.); (R.B.-L.)
| | - Raja Ben-Laouane
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), “Physiology of Abiotic Stresses” Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (W.B.); (A.B.); (M.A.); (Y.A.-R.); (R.B.-L.)
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
| | - Hela Ben Ahmed
- Laboratoire Mixte Tuniso-Marocain (LMTM) de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales et Changements Climatiques LPBV2C, Tunis 1000, Tunisia;
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); Tel.: +81-252627637 (M.B.); +212-661873158 (A.M.)
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), “Physiology of Abiotic Stresses” Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (W.B.); (A.B.); (M.A.); (Y.A.-R.); (R.B.-L.)
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratoire Mixte Tuniso-Marocain (LMTM) de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales et Changements Climatiques LPBV2C, Tunis 1000, Tunisia;
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); Tel.: +81-252627637 (M.B.); +212-661873158 (A.M.)
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Manjarres-Hernández EH, Arias-Moreno DM, Morillo-Coronado AC, Ojeda-Pérez ZZ, Cárdenas-Chaparro A. Phenotypic Characterization of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) for the Selection of Promising Materials for Breeding Programs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10071339. [PMID: 34209112 PMCID: PMC8309096 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is an ancestral crop in the Andean region, characterized by its adaptability to different agroclimatic conditions, great nutritional value, and broad genetic variability. A preliminary approach for understanding the genetics of quinoa materials entails a morphologic characterization, which can provide the basis for the selection of materials that satisfy the needs of farmers and consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics of thirty genetic C. quinoa accessions for the selection of outstanding accessions in terms of yield and grain quality. A randomized complete block design was used, with nine replications for each accession under greenhouse conditions. Nine quantitative and twelve qualitative descriptors were evaluated with descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation variance, and multivariate and cluster analysis. The results showed that the accessions with heights greater than the average (>176.72 cm) and long panicles (>57.94 cm) presented lower yields and smaller seed sizes, thus decreasing the grain quality. The multivariate and cluster analyses established groups of accessions with good yields (>62.02 g of seeds per plant) and stable morphological characteristics. The proposed selection index, based on yield components and morphological descriptors, indicated four accessions as potential parents for quinoa breeding programs in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Helena Manjarres-Hernández
- Grupo CIDE Competitividad Innovación y Desarrollo empresarial, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia;
| | - Diana Marcela Arias-Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación BIOPLASMA, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia; (D.M.A.-M.); (Z.Z.O.-P.)
| | - Ana Cruz Morillo-Coronado
- Grupo CIDE Competitividad Innovación y Desarrollo empresarial, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia;
| | - Zaida Zarely Ojeda-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación BIOPLASMA, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia; (D.M.A.-M.); (Z.Z.O.-P.)
| | - Agobardo Cárdenas-Chaparro
- Grupo de Química—Física Molecular y Modelamiento Computacional QUIMOL, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia;
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Ballegaard ASR, Larsen JM, Rasmussen PH, Untersmayr E, Pilegaard K, Bøgh KL. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Seeds Increase Intestinal Protein Uptake. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100102. [PMID: 33939283 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Within the last decade, quinoa seeds have gained much popularity as a new food and have recently been proposed as an appropriate food for early introduction in infants. Quinoa contains high levels of saponins, which are known for their adjuvant activity and effect on the intestinal barrier function. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of quinoa on intestinal permeability and inflammation in comparison with the positive controls; cholera toxin (CT), and capsaicin. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of quinoa on intestinal barrier function and inflammation is investigated in vitro using a Caco-2 cell line and in vivo using a Brown Norway rat model. Effects in vivo are analyzed by protein uptake, histology, gene expression, antibody levels, and flow cytometry. Quinoa and the positive controls all increased the intestinal permeability, but distinct patterns of absorbed protein are observed in the epithelium, Peyer's patches, lamina propria, and serum. The quinoa-mediated effect on intestinal barrier function is found to be distinct from the effect of the two positive controls. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the ability of quinoa to increase intestinal permeability and to promote compartment-specific protein uptake via mechanisms that may differ from CT and capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeppe Madura Larsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kirsten Pilegaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Chirinos R, Pedreschi R, Velásquez‐Sánchez M, Aguilar‐Galvez A, Campos D. In vitroantioxidant and angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory properties of enzymatically hydrolyzed quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) proteins. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Chirinos
- Instituto de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoEscuela de Agronomía La Palma Chile
| | | | - Ana Aguilar‐Galvez
- Instituto de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
| | - David Campos
- Instituto de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Peru
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Piñuel L, Boeri P, Zubillaga F, Barrio DA, Torreta J, Cruz A, Vásquez G, Pinto A, Carrillo W. Production of White, Red and Black Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd Var. Real) Protein Isolates and Its Hydrolysates in Germinated and Non-Germinated Quinoa Samples and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E257. [PMID: 31366118 PMCID: PMC6724106 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Red, black and white seeds quinoa were germinated at 28 °C during 24 (G1), 48 and 72 h (G3). Red quinoa presented a higher percentage of germination with a value of 46% of germination at 72 h. Quinoa protein isolate (QPI) was obtained by alkaline extraction (pH 8.0) followed by an isoelectric precipitation (pH 4.5) from white, red and black quinoa seeds, germinated QPI-G1 or QPI-G3 and non-germinated QPI-NG, Chenopodium quinoa Willd var. Real. QPI-G1, QPI-G3 and QPI-NG were subject to a simulated gastric digestion (DG) and in vitro duodenal digestion (DD). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods. Gastric and duodenal digest of QPI-NG and QPI-G1 and QPI-G3 from white, red and black quinoa presented antioxidant activity. QPI-G1-DD of white quinoa presented the highest antioxidant activity with a DPPH value of 167.98 µmoL TE/g of digest, QPI-G1-DD of red quinoa with an ABTS value of 204.86 µmoL TE/g of digest and QPI-G1-DD of black quinoa with an ORAC value of 401.42 µmoL TE/g of digest. QPI-G3-DD of white quinoa presented higher antioxidant activity with a DPPH value of 186.28 µmoL TE/g of sample, QPI-G3-DD of red quinoa with an ABTS value of 144.06 µmoL TE/g of digest and QPI-G3-DD of black quinoa with an ORAC value of 395.14 µmoL TE/g of digest. The inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the zebrafish embryo model (Danio rerio) was evaluated. Protein profiles of QPI from white, red and black from germinated quinoa and non-germinated quinoa were similar with proteins between 10 kDa to 100 kDa with the presence of globulins 11S and 7S and 2S albumins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia Piñuel
- CIT-RIO NEGRO Sede Atlántica, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Don Bosco y Leloir s/n, Rio Negro Viedma CP 8500, Argentina
| | - Patricia Boeri
- Research Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Babahoyo. Av. Universitaria Km 21/2 Av. Montalvo. Babahoyo CP 120301, Ecuador
| | - Fanny Zubillaga
- CIT-RIO NEGRO Sede Atlántica, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Don Bosco y Leloir s/n, Rio Negro Viedma CP 8500, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alejandro Barrio
- CIT-RIO NEGRO Sede Atlántica, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Don Bosco y Leloir s/n, Rio Negro Viedma CP 8500, Argentina
| | - Joaquin Torreta
- CIT-RIO NEGRO Sede Atlántica, Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Don Bosco y Leloir s/n, Rio Negro Viedma CP 8500, Argentina
| | - Andrea Cruz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863 Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Grace Vásquez
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863 Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Adelita Pinto
- Research Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Babahoyo. Av. Universitaria Km 21/2 Av. Montalvo. Babahoyo CP 120301, Ecuador
| | - Wilman Carrillo
- Research Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Babahoyo. Av. Universitaria Km 21/2 Av. Montalvo. Babahoyo CP 120301, Ecuador.
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