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Dziwulska-Hunek A, Niemczynowicz A, Kycia RA, Matwijczuk A, Kornarzyński K, Stadnik J, Szymanek M. Stimulation of soy seeds using environmentally friendly magnetic and electric fields. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18085. [PMID: 37872189 PMCID: PMC10593769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The study analyses the impact of alternating (magnetic induction B = 30 mT for t = 60 s) and constant magnetic fields (B = 130 mT for t = 17 h) and alternating electric fields (electric current E = 5 kV/cm for t = 60 s) on various growth parameters of soy plants: the germination energy and capacity, plants emergence, the fresh mass of seedlings, protein content (Kjeldahl's method), and photosynthetic parameters (with MINI-PAM 2000 WALTZ Photosynthesis Yield Analyser and a SPAD-502 Chlorophyll Meter). Four cultivars were used: MAVKA, MERLIN, VIOLETTA, and ANUSZKA. Moreover, the advanced Machine Learning processing pipeline was proposed to distinguish the impact of physical factors on photosynthetic parameters. The use of electromagnetic fields had a positive impact on the germination rate in MERLIN seeds. The best results in terms of germination improvement were observed for alternating magnetic field stimulation in all cultivars (p > 0.05). For the VIOLETTA cultivar an increase (p > 0.05) in the emergence and overall number of plants as well as fresh mass was observed after electromagnetic field stimulation. For the MAVKA and MERLIN cultivars, the concentration of proteins in the leaves was noticeably higher in plants grown from seeds stimulated using a constant magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Dziwulska-Hunek
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Niemczynowicz
- Department of Analysis and Differential Equations, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 54, 10-710, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Radosław A Kycia
- Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Masaryk Univeristy, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Arkadiusz Matwijczuk
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kornarzyński
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Stadnik
- Department of Animal Material Technologies, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szymanek
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Transport Machinery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 28, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
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Zrig A, Yousif Sidahmed Elsheikh S, Hamouda F, Najar B, A. Alsherif E, Magdy Korany S, Hassan AHA, AbdElgawad H. Potassium Nitrate and Ascorbic Acid Priming Improved Tissue Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Sprouts. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35975-35987. [PMID: 37810652 PMCID: PMC10551915 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and ascorbic acid (AsA) priming can effectively boost biomass accumulation and nutritional value of plants; nevertheless, few studies investigated their effects on seed sprouting. Thus, we aimed to explore the effects of KNO3 and AsA priming on linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) sprout growth and assess the changes in bioactive compound levels, which provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of these priming treatments on sprout quality and nutritional value. To this end, germination, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, and mineral profiles in the primed sprouts were evaluated. Moreover, to assess the impact on biological value, we determined the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the treated sprout extract. A marked enhancement was observed in germination and pigment levels of KNO3- and AsA-primed sprouts. These increases were in line with induced primary metabolites (e.g., carbohydrate and amino acid contents), particularly under KNO3 treatment. There was also an increase in amino acid metabolism (e.g., increased GS, GDH, and GOGAT enzyme activities), nitrogen level, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity. The linseed sprouts primed with AsA exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Consistently, high levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, total AsA, and tocopherols, as well as improved activity of antioxidant enzymes [peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], were recorded. This study proposes KNO3 and AsA priming as an innovative approach to improving the nutritional and health-promoting properties of linseed sprouts. This knowledge will contribute to a better understanding of the biochemical processes involved in improving the nutritional quality and functional benefits of linseed sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Zrig
- Higher Institute of Preparatory Studies in Biology and Geology, University of Carthage, 1054 Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Engineering Processes and
Industrial Systems, Chemical Engineering Department, National School
of Engineers of Gabes, University of Gabes, 6072 Gabes, Tunisia
| | | | - Foued Hamouda
- Research Unit in Enterprise and Decisions, Higher Institute of Management, Road Jilani Habib, 6002 Gabes Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Basma Najar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agri-environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emad A. Alsherif
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Shereen Magdy Korany
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
- Integrated Molecular Plant
Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Shah T, Ali A, Haider G, Asad M, Munsif F. Microplastics alter soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure without negatively affecting plant growth in an agroecosystem. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138188. [PMID: 36804631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the enormous benefits that plastics bring to our daily lives, plastics accumulate in the environment, especially microplastics (MPs; defined as particles <5 mm), which can cause many problems and potential loss of ecosystem services. Current research has shown the significant impact of MPs on aquatic systems, but little is known about their effect on terrestrial systems, especially within agroecosystems. Here, we investigated the effect of MPs types (PS, PE and PVC) on plant growth, soil enzyme activities, and microbial communities. MPs had a positive, type-dependent influence on plant growth affecting both above and below-ground productivity. MPs, especially PVC increased dry weights (+69.51 and + 164.62), and root length (+54.81) relative to control. Although the activity of β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, cellobiohydrolase, leucine-aminopeptidase, and dehydrogenase was suppressed by MPs except urease activity which was enhanced by MPs addition. The type of MPs in soil significantly altered C flow through the soil-plant system, indicating that MPs adversely affect many C-dependent soil functions. However, MPs (especially PVC) enhanced microbial biomass carbon (+14.88%) and altered the structure and metabolic status of the microbial community. MPs addition (especially PVC) greatly enhanced soil microbial structure (+29.59%; indicated by PLFAs) compared to control. Here we provide evidence that MPs can have significant effects on key pools and fluxes within the terrestrial C cycle, with responses being MPs type-dependent. Therefore, we concluded that MPs in soil are not benign and every step should be taken to restrict their access to the soil-plant system and their potential to transfer into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST) Campus, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Haider
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST) Campus, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, (NUST) Campus, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Munsif
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
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Asghar MA, Kulman K, Szalai G, Gondor OK, Mednyánszky Z, Simon-Sarkadi L, Gaudinova A, Dobrev PI, Vanková R, Kocsy G. Effect of ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide on hormone and metabolite levels during post-germination growth in wheat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13887. [PMID: 36894826 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of hormone and metabolite levels by ascorbate (ASA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was compared during post-germination growth in shoots of wheat. Treatment with ASA resulted in a greater reduction of growth than the addition of H2 O2 . ASA also had a larger effect on the redox state of the shoot tissues as shown by the higher ASA and glutathione (GSH) levels, lower glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content and GSSG/GSH ratio compared to the H2 O2 treatment. Apart from common responses (i.e., increase of cis-zeatin and its O-glucosides), the contents of several compounds related to cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism were greater after ASA application. These differences in the redox state and hormone metabolism following the two treatments may be responsible for their distinct influence on various metabolic pathways. Namely, the glycolysis and citrate cycle were inhibited by ASA and they were not affected by H2 O2 , while the amino acid metabolism was induced by ASA and repressed by H2 O2 based on the changes in the level of the related carbohydrates, organic and amino acids. The first two pathways produce reducing power, while the last one needs it; therefore ASA, as a reductant may suppress and induce them, respectively. H2 O2 as an oxidant had different effect, namely it did not alter glycolysis and citrate cycle, and inhibited the formation of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Kitti Kulman
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kinga Gondor
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Mednyánszky
- Department of Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Livia Simon-Sarkadi
- Department of Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alena Gaudinova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Radomíra Vanková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St., Martonvásár, 2462, Hungary
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Abdalla H, Adarosy MH, Hegazy HS, Abdelhameed RE. Potential of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles for enhancing seedling emergence, vigor and tolerance indices and DPPH free radical scavenging in two varieties of soybean under salinity stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:560. [PMID: 36460962 PMCID: PMC9716725 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) role in plant growth and especially in plant tolerance against abiotic stress, in the present work, TiO2 NPs were green synthesized using an aqueous solution of Aloe vera leaf extract as a capping agent and titanium tetrachloride as a precursor. These green synthesized TiO2 NPs were characterized using different techniques: UV spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results revealed that synthesized TiO2 NPs possess a tetragonal morphology with a size ranging from 10 to 25 nm. Additionally, the present work evaluated the effects of three concentrations of TiO2 NPs (0, 30 and 50 ppm) and six NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) and their interactions with respect to germination parameters, vigor indices, oxidative stress and DPPH free radical scavenging of two varieties of soybean (Glycine max L. var. 22 and 35). RESULTS Results demonstrated that all germination traits and vigor indices were negatively affected under all salinity levels. Also, the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased by increasing the NaCl concentrations in two soybean varieties. Most interestingly, TiO2 NPs (30 ppm) mediated positive effects on germination parameters, reducing H2O2 and MDA contents by enhancing antioxidant (decreasing IC50) whereas 50 ppm showed an intermediate response under both control and saline soil conditions. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the growth enhancement effects of TiO2 NPs application as well as its ameliorative potential in dealing with salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Abdalla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Adarosy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hegazy S Hegazy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Reda E Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Su H, Tan C, Liu Y, Chen X, Li X, Jones A, Zhu Y, Song Y. Physiology and Molecular Breeding in Sustaining Wheat Grain Setting and Quality under Spring Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214099. [PMID: 36430598 PMCID: PMC9693015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spring cold stress (SCS) compromises the reproductive growth of wheat, being a major constraint in achieving high grain yield and quality in winter wheat. To sustain wheat productivity in SCS conditions, breeding cultivars conferring cold tolerance is key. In this review, we examine how grain setting and quality traits are affected by SCS, which may occur at the pre-anthesis stage. We have investigated the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in floret and spikelet SCS tolerance. It includes the protective enzymes scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormonal adjustment, and carbohydrate metabolism. Lastly, we explored quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that regulate SCS for identifying candidate genes for breeding. The existing cultivars for SCS tolerance were primarily bred on agronomic and morphophysiological traits and lacked in molecular investigations. Therefore, breeding novel wheat cultivars based on QTLs and associated genes underlying the fundamental resistance mechanism is urgently needed to sustain grain setting and quality under SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Su
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ashley Jones
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yulei Zhu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | - Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
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Rashid N, Wahid A, Ibrar D, Irshad S, Hasnain Z, Al-Hashimi A, Elshikh MS, Jacobsen SE, Khan S. Application of natural and synthetic growth promoters improves the productivity and quality of quinoa crop through enhanced photosynthetic and antioxidant activities. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 182:1-10. [PMID: 35447411 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture is primarily concerned with enhanced productivity of field crops linked with maximum resources use efficiency to feed the increasing population of the world. Exogenous application of biostimulants is considered a sustainable and ecofriendly approach to improve the growth and productivity of agronomic and horticultural field crops. The present study was carried out to explore the comparative growth enhancing potential of plant biostimulants (moringa leaf extract at 3% and sorghum water extract at 3%) and synthetic growth promoters (ascorbic acid at 500 μM and hydrogen peroxide at 100 μM) on growth, productivity and quality of quinoa crop (cultivar UAF-Q7) because it has gained significant popularity among agricultural scientists and farmers throughout the world due to its high nutritional profile. A field experiment was carried out at the Research Area of Directorate of Farms, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during quinoa cultivation season of 2016-2017 and repeated during next year (2017-2018). All the foliar treatments enhanced the physiological, biochemical, quality, growth and yield attributes of quinoa as compared to control group. However, maximum improvement was observed in chlorophyll a and b contents, photosynthesis and respiration rates, and water use efficiency by moringa leaf extract (MLE) application. MLE application was also found more responsive regarding the improvement in activities of peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, phenolics and glycine betaine as compared to other treatments. Mineral elements i.e. K, Ca and N in root as well as in shoot were found the highest in response to MLE application. Similarly, growth (plant fresh and dry biomass, plant length and grain yield) and grain quality parameters (protein, K and Ca) were also significantly enhanced. Application of MLE was found to be a viable approach to improve the growth and quality of produce as compared to synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Danish Ibrar
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Irshad
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Department of Agronomy, PMA-Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sven-Erik Jacobsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Tastrup, Denmark
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan.
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Abd-Elatty SAA, Nawar AI, Salama HSA, Khattab IM, Shaalan AM. The Production of Dual-Purpose Triticale in Arid Regions: Application of Organic and Inorganic Treatments under Water Deficit Conditions. AGRONOMY 2022; 12:1251. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Most of the arid and semi-arid regions, particularly in the Mediterranean area, suffer from the lack of a sufficient quantity of high-quality feed, as well as a low amount of rainfall that is unevenly distributed, resulting in the region being highly vulnerable to drought. A field experiment was carried out at the experimental station of the Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Fuka, Matrouh University, Egypt during the winter seasons of 2018/19 and 2019/20 to study the performance of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), grown under water deficit conditions, in terms of productivity and quality. The study investigated the influence of five levels of potassium fertilization (PF; 0, 43.2, 86.4, 129.6, and 172.8 kg ha−1) and ascorbic acid (AA; 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1) that was applied to the triticale grains before sowing and humic acid (HA; 0, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2, and 9.6 kg ha−1) that was applied as powder to the soil 21 days after sowing followed by sprinkler irrigation on triticale forage and grain production when forage was removed at variable ages at cutting (AC), determined as days after sowing (AC; 40, 65, 90, 115, and 140 DAS) on forage yield and nutritive value, in addition to the final grain yield of triticale. The experimental design was a central composite design with one replicate. Results indicated that the PF*AC interaction was significant, and it gave values of 84.78 and 238.00 g kg−1 for crude protein (CP) and degraded neutral detergent fiber (DNDF). In addition, the interaction between AA and AC was significant for CP, acid detergent fiber (ADF), 100-grain weight (100 GW), number of spikes m−2 (NSM−2), and plant height (PH). Moreover, the AC*HA interaction was significant with values of 175.17 and 247.00 g kg−1 for CP and DNDF, respectively, and 0.55 t ha−1 for grain yield (GY). Age at cutting exerted the strongest effect on the studied characteristics. It was observed that the contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ADF, acid detergent lignin (ADL), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) in the triticale forage significantly increased when the crop was cut at an advanced age, unlike CP, DNDF, GY, NSM−2, 100 GW, and PH that decreased with advanced AC. The highest values of 271.00, 256.00, and 268.00 g kg−1 for DNDF were obtained with higher levels of either PF, AA, or HA, respectively. However, the highest value of GY (0.97 t ha−1) was obtained with higher levels of PF*HA averaged over the two seasons. The interaction between AA*HA resulted in 393.39, 311.00, 27.13 g kg−1, and 0.94 t ha−1, for NDF, DNDF, ADL, and GY, respectively. The highest significant NDF (413.11 g kg−1) and DNDF (307.50 g ka−1) values were obtained with the application of high levels of either AA or HA. In the dual-purpose production system, it is recommended to cut the triticale crop at 65 DAS to achieve the optimum balance between forage yield and quality on the one hand, and final grain yield on the other hand. In the arid regions, application of PF, AA, and HA could help in reducing the damage caused by water deficit.
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MacDonald MT, Kannan R, Jayaseelan R. Ascorbic Acid Preconditioning Effect on Broccoli Seedling Growth and Photosynthesis under Drought Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101324. [PMID: 35631749 PMCID: PMC9145904 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Drought is an abiotic stress that decreases crop photosynthesis, growth, and yield. Ascorbic acid has been used as a seed preconditioning agent to help mitigate drought in some species, but not yet in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). The objective was to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid on growth, photosynthesis, and related parameters in watered and drought-stressed broccoli seedlings. A 2 × 4 factorial experiment was designed where stress (watered or drought) was the first factor and ascorbic acid preconditioning (untreated, 0 ppm, 1 ppm, or 10 ppm) was the second factor. Positioning within the greenhouse was included as a blocking factor and the experiment was replicated three times. All seedlings were watered for 8 weeks and then half had water withheld for 7 days to impose drought while the other half continued to be watered. Ascorbic acid preconditioning increased shoot dry mass, root dry mass, water use efficiency, and photosynthesis in all seedlings while also increasing chlorophyll, relative water content, and leaf area in droughted seedlings. Ascorbic acid preconditioning also decreased membrane injury in droughted seedlings to the point that membrane injury was not significantly different than the watered control. There was strong evidence to support ascorbic acid as a successful seed preconditioning agent in watered and droughted broccoli.
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10
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The Effect of Temperature and Water Stresses on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and moisture are essential factors in germination and seedling growth. The purpose of this research was to assess the germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds under various abiotic stressors. It was conducted in the Agronomy Institute of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary. Six distinct temperature levels were used: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C. Stresses of drought and waterlogging were quantified using 25 water levels based on single-milliliter intervals and as a percentage based on thousand kernel weight (TKW). Seedling density was also tested. Temperature significantly influenced germination duration and seedling development. 20 °C was ideal with optimal range of 15 °C to less than 25 °C. Germination occurred at water amount of 75% of the TKW, and its ideal range was lower and narrower than the range for seedling development. Seed size provided an objective basis for defining germination water requirements. The current study established an optimal water supply range for wheat seedling growth of 525–825 percent of the TKW. Fifteen seeds within a 9 cm Petri dish may be preferred to denser populations.
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Farhat F, Arfan M, Wang X, Tariq A, Kamran M, Tabassum HN, Tariq I, Mora-Poblete F, Iqbal R, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO. The Impact of Bio-Stimulants on Cd-Stressed Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.): Insights Into Growth, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Cd Accumulation, and Osmolyte Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850567. [PMID: 35251114 PMCID: PMC8895758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a higher Cd absorption capacity than other cereal crops causing an excess daily Cd intake and a huge threat for public health. Therefore, the reduction of Cd accumulation in wheat from the soil is a crucial food-security issue. A pot trial was performed on Cd-stressed wheat seedlings to evaluate the morphological and physio-biochemical responses via foliage spray of two different bio-stimulants, i.e., ascorbic acid (AsA) and moringa leaf extract (MLE). Two wheat cultivars (Fsd-08 and Glxy-13) were exposed to cadmium (CdCl2.5H2O) stress (0, 500, and 1,000 μM), along with foliar spray of AsA (0 and 50 mM) and MLE (0 and 3%). The most observable growth reduction was documented in plants that are exposed to a higher Cd concentration (1,000 μM), followed by the lower Cd level (500 μM). The wheat growth attributes, such as number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, biomass yield, shoot/root length, and leaf area, were greatly depressed under the Cd stress, irrespective of the cultivar. Under the increasing Cd stress, a significant diminution was observed in maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), and electron transport rate (ETR) accompanied with reduced gas exchange attributes. However, Cd-induced phytotoxicity enhanced the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and internal carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), which was confirmed by their significant positive correlation with Cd contents in shoot and root tissues of both cultivars. The contents of proline, AsA, glycine betaine (GB), tocopherol, total free amino acid (TFAA), and total soluble sugar (TSS) were greatly decreased with Cd stress (1,000 μM), while MLE and AsA significantly enhanced the osmolytes accumulation under both Cd levels (especially 500 μM level). The Cd accumulation was predominantly found in the root as compared to shoots in both cultivars, which has declined after the application of MLE and AsA. Conclusively, MLE was found to be more effective to mitigate Cd-induced phytotoxicity up to 500 μM Cd concentration, compared with the AsA amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Farhat
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture (UAF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arfan
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture (UAF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiukang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Arneeb Tariq
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Ifra Tariq
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Munsif F, Kong X, Khan A, Shah T, Arif M, Jahangir M, Akhtar K, Tang D, Zheng J, Liao X, Faisal S, Ali I, Iqbal A, Ahmad P, Zhou R. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways in isonuclear kenaf genotypes under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1295-1308. [PMID: 33135207 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a potential abiotic stress and globally threatens crop productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance with respect to cytoplasmic effect, gene expression, and metabolism pathway under salt stress have not yet been reported in isonuclear kenaf genotypes. To fill this knowledge gap, growth, physiological, biochemical, transcriptome, and cytoplasm changes in kenaf cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line (P3A) and its iso-nuclear maintainer line (P3B) under 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) stress and control conditions were analyzed. Salt stress significantly reduced leaf soluble protein, soluble sugars, proline, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymatic activity, and induced oxidative damage in terms of higher MDA contents in both genotypes. The reduction of these parameters resulted in a reduced plant growth compared with control. However, P3A was relatively more tolerant to salt stress than P3B. This tolerance of P3A was further confirmed by improved physio-biochemical traits under salt stress conditions. Transcriptome analysis showed that 4256 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two genotypes under salt stress were identified. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that photosynthesis, photosynthesis antenna-protein, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways might be associated with the improved NaCl stress tolerance in P3A. Conclusively, P3A cytoplasmic male sterile could be a potential salt-tolerant material for future breeding program of kenaf and can be used for phytoremediation of salt-affected soils. These data provide a valuable resource on the cytoplasmic effect of salt-responsive genes in kenaf and salt stress tolerance in kenaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Munsif
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Tariq Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Akhtar
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaofang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Shah Faisal
- College of Agronomy Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 71200, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ruiyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
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13
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Exogenous Antioxidants Enhance Seedling Growth and Yield of Artificially Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7090274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aged seeds exhibit compromised vigour in terms of germination, seedling emergence and growth, but this can to some extent be alleviated by invigoration treatments before sowing. This study aimed to investigate ageing rates and patterns in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds and whether the beneficial effects of invigorating aged seeds with exogenous antioxidants translate to enhanced seedling performance. Seeds were artificially aged to 25% viability before soaking in 0.4 mM glycerol, 0.6 mM GSH and 0.2 mM trolox for cabbage, and 0.6 mM glycerol, GSH and trolox for lettuce; deionised water served as a control. After 14 days of sowing, seedling emergence percentage, mean emergence time, mean daily emergence, and time taken to 25% emergence were computed. Seedling vigour index, root and shoot dry weight, root:shoot ratio, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf chlorophyll content were assessed 6 weeks after sowing. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured 6 weeks after sowing. Notably, ageing resulted in the loss of seed vigour and viability at higher rates in lettuce than cabbage. Seed pretreatment with glycerol promoted seedling growth in both species and shoot dry weight in lettuce, while glycerol and GSH enhanced Pn, Gs and E in lettuce. Trolox also enhanced Pn and E in lettuce. The beneficial effects of the antioxidant treatments are thought to be associated with the protection of photosystems from oxidative stress and/or stimulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, possibly through an enhanced antioxidant defence system during the early development stages when seedlings are particularly vulnerable to stress.
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Liu K, Zhang C, Guan B, Yang R, Liu K, Wang Z, Li X, Xue K, Yin L, Wang X. The effect of different sowing dates on dry matter and nitrogen dynamics for winter wheat: an experimental simulation study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11700. [PMID: 35070513 PMCID: PMC8759384 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Timely sowing is an important agronomic measure to ensure the normal germination, stable seedling establishment, and yield formation for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Delayed sowing frequently occurs in the current multi-cropping system and mechanized production of this crop. However, the ways in which different sowing dates affect yield and its potential mechanism is still unknown in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin. We sought to provide a theoretical basis for these mechanisms to improve regional wheat production. Methods We investigated the wheat’s yield differences in a two-year field study under different sowing dates and took into account related growth characteristics including meteorological conditions, growth period, tillers, dry matter accumulation (DMA), and nitrogen accumulation (NA). We used the logistic curve model to simulate DMA and NA dynamics of single stem wheat under different sowing dates. We then analyzed and compared wheat accumulation for different sowing dates. Results Our results showed that grain yield declined by 0.97 ± 0.22% with each one-day change (either early or delayed) in sowing beyond the normal sowing date. The yield loss could be explained by the inhibition of crop growth, yield components, biomass and nitrogen (N) production. The negative effects of delayed sowing were caused by environmental limitations including adverse weather factors such as low temperature during vegetative growth, shortened duration of various phases of crop development, and increased temperature during the grain-filling period. The grain yield gap decreased between the late and normal sowing periods owing to a compensatory effect between the highest average rates (Vt) and the rapid accumulation period (T) of DMA and NA for single stem wheat. The grain yield was maintained at 6,000 kg ha−1 or more when the ratio of DMA at the mature-to-jointing stage (MD/JD) and the ratio of NA at the mature-to-jointing stage (MN/JN) was 4.06 (P < 0.01) and 2.49 (P < 0.05), respectively. The compensatory effect did not prevent the impact caused by delayed sowing, which caused biomass and N production to decrease. Physiological development reached a maximal accumulation rate (Tm) of NA earlier than DMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Liu
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chengxiang Zhang
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Beibei Guan
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Wang
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu Li
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Keyin Xue
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Agronomy College of Yangtze University, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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15
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Huang P, He L, Abbas A, Hussain S, Hussain S, Du D, Hafeez MB, Balooch S, Zahra N, Ren X, Rafiq M, Saqib M. Seed Priming with Sorghum Water Extract Improves the Performance of Camelina ( Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:749. [PMID: 33921328 PMCID: PMC8069245 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Seed priming with sorghum water extract (SWE) enhances crop tolerance to salinity stress; however, the application of SWE under salinity for camelina crop has not been documented so far. This study evaluated the potential role of seed priming with SWE in improving salt stress tolerance in camelina. Primed (with 5% SWE and distilled water-hydropriming) and nonprimed seeds were sown under control (no salt) and salt stress (10 dS m-1) conditions. Salinity reduced camelina's emergence and growth, while seed priming with SWE improved growth under control and stress conditions. Under salt stress, seed priming with SWE enhanced emergence percentage (96.98%), increased root length (82%), shoot length (32%), root dry weight (75%), shoot dry weight (33%), α-amylase activity (66.43%), chlorophyll content (60-92%), antioxidant enzymes activity (38-171%) and shoot K+ ion (60%) compared with nontreated plants. Similarly, under stress conditions, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and shoot Na+ ion were reduced by 60, 31, and 40% by seed priming with SWE, respectively, over the nonprimed seeds. Therefore, seed priming with SWE may be used to enhance the tolerance against salt stress in camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Lili He
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Adeel Abbas
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Sadam Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China or (S.H.); or (M.B.H.); or (X.R.)
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (P.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China or (S.H.); or (M.B.H.); or (X.R.)
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Sidra Balooch
- Department of Botany, Ghazi University D.G, Khan 32200, Pakistan; or
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; or
| | - Xiaolong Ren
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China or (S.H.); or (M.B.H.); or (X.R.)
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan or (M.R.); or (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan or (M.R.); or (M.S.)
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16
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Induction of Low Temperature Tolerance in Wheat by Pre-Soaking and Parental Treatment with Melatonin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041192. [PMID: 33672239 PMCID: PMC7926940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperatures seriously depress germination and seedling establishment in wheat and it is of great significance to explore approaches to improve wheat tolerance to low temperatures. In this study, the effects of seed pre-soaking and parental treatment with melatonin on seed germination and low temperature tolerance during the early growing stage in wheat were studied. The results showed that pre-soaking with melatonin increased the germination rate, improved antioxidant capacity and accelerated starch degradation under low temperature, which alleviated low temperature-induced damage to the chloroplasts in coleoptiles of wheat seedlings. Parental melatonin treatment during grain filling stage significantly decreased the grain weight. Seeds from parental melatonin-treated plants showed higher germination rates and higher antioxidant enzyme activity than the control seeds under low temperature. In addition, parental treatment with melatonin modulated the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, which contributes to enhanced low temperature tolerance in wheat offspring. It was suggested that both seed pre-soaking and parental treatment with melatonin could be the effective approaches for low temperature tolerance induction in wheat.
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17
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Singh P, Singh J, Ray S, Rajput RS, Vaishnav A, Singh RK, Singh HB. Seed biopriming with antagonistic microbes and ascorbic acid induce resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt. Microbiol Res 2020; 237:126482. [PMID: 32353683 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seed biopriming is an emerging technique to enhance seed germination under stress conditions. An integrated approach of tomato seed biopriming with ascorbic acid, Trichoderma asperellum BHU P-1 and Ochrobactrum sp. BHU PB-1 was applied to observe the response against wilt pathogen of tomato Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Tomato seeds bioprimed with the aforementioned application expressed augmented seed germination and activated of defense response. Seed germination was recorded higher (80 %) at low concentration (1 pM) of ascorbic acid as compared to high concentration of 1 mM (41 %). Combination of both ascorbic acid and antagonistic microbe treatments (T5 & T6) significantly reduced disease incidence (up to 28 %) in tomato plants at 10 days. T5 and T6 treated plants exhibited higher accumulation of total phenol content and increased activity of Phenylammonia lyase (PAL), Peroxidase (PO), Chitinase (Chi) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) as compared to control (T1) plants. ROS formation in the form of H2O2 was also found to be reduced in combined treatment. Histochemical analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid pathway (lignin deposition) was more activated in combined priming treatment plants as compared to individual treatment upon challenge inoculation with FOL. Transcript expression analysis of defense genes confirmed the up-regulation of PAL (2.1 fold), Chi (0.92 fold), Pathogenesis related proteins (PR) (1.58 fold) and Lipoxygenase (Lox) (0.72 fold) in T6 treatment as compared to T1 treatment plants at 96 h. This study reveals that ascorbic acid treatment with antagonistic microbes through seed priming effectively induced seed germination and elicited defense mechanism to control wilt disease in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shatrupa Ray
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rahul Singh Rajput
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anukool Vaishnav
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Harikesh Bahadur Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Somvanshi Research Foundation13/21 Vikas Nagar, Lucknow-226022, India.
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