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Riva F, McGuinness DH, McKeegan DEF, Peinado-Izaguerri J, Bruggeman G, Hermans D, Eckersall PD, McLaughlin M, Bain M. Measuring the impact of dietary supplementation with citrus or cucumber extract on chicken gut microbiota using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2369-2384. [PMID: 38780824 PMCID: PMC11315731 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplements, citrus (CTS) and cucumber (CMB), on the jejunum and cecum microbiota of 14- and 28-days old broiler chickens to evaluate their impact on the gut health and assess their role as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (ABGPs). 16SrRNA gene sequencing revealed the overall bacterial microbiota composition was significantly affected by the gut site (p?0.001) but not by either of the dietary supplements, CTS and CMB, at both 14 and 28 days of age. However, as a result of Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSE), CTS dietary supplements significantly increased the counts of Lactobacillus (p?0.01) and decreased the counts of Enterococcus (p?0.01) and Clostridium (p?0.05) in the jejunum, whereas the counts of Blautia were increased (p?0.01) and Enterococcus were decreased (p?0.05) in the cecum at both ages. Only minor CMB effects were identified in the cecum and non in the jejunum. The use of CTS dietary supplements has been shown to be associated to the reduction of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus and Clostridium) and to the growth of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus and Blautia) which are known to have positive effects on chicken health in terms of nutrients absorption, stimulation and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Therefore, this study suggests that the use of a CTS supplemented diet could promote gut health while no clear advantages have been identified with the use of CMB as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riva
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High St, PA1 2BE, Paisley, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Radoslava Cimermana, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David H McGuinness
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Switchback Rd, G61 1BD, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dorothy E F McKeegan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jorge Peinado-Izaguerri
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko?ice, Komensk?ho, 041 81, Ko?ice, Slovakia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David Hermans
- Nutrition Sciences N. V, B-9031, Booiebos, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter D Eckersall
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Maureen Bain
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Sanjaya HL, Maharani BP, Baskara AP, Muhlisin, Martien R, Zuprizal. Effect of lipopolysaccharides from pathogenic bacteria on broiler chickens' productivity: a meta-analysis. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38940295 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2364331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
1. This meta-analysis investigated the impact of LPS and covariates (serotype, rearing period and administration route) on the productivity parameters of broiler chickens (average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)).2. Thirty-two eligible studies were included. Hedges' g effect size was determined using a random-effects model at 95% confidence interval.3. Results showed that LPS significantly decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI; p < 0.0001) and average daily gain (ADG; p < 0.0001) and increased FCR (p < 0.0001). The serotypes Escherichia coli 055: B5 (EC055: B5) and Escherichia coli 0127: B8 (EC 0127: B8) significantly reduced ADFI and ADG, and the serotype EC 055: B5 significantly increased the FCR (p < 0.05).4. The intraperitoneal administration of the LPS significantly reduced the productivity of broiler chickens (p < 0.05), but other administration routes did not show such effects. The reduction in ADFI and ADG was found in all rearing periods (p < 0.05), and the increase in FCR was observed in the starter (p = 0.0302) and grower periods (p = 0.0031).5. Exposure to LPS significantly reduced the productivity of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). However, no relationship was observed between LPS dosage and productivity as indicated by the meta-regression study.6. The findings indicated that LPS has detrimental effects on broiler chickens' ADFI, ADG and FCR across various LPS serotypes and rearing periods. These detrimental impacts of LPS remain consistent regardless of the administered dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Sanjaya
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - B P Maharani
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - A P Baskara
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhlisin
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - R Martien
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zuprizal
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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3
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Riva F, Eckersall PD, Chadwick CC, Chadwick LC, McKeegan DEF, Peinado-Izaguerri J, Bruggeman G, Hermans D, McLaughlin M, Bain M. Identification of novel biomarkers of acute phase response in chickens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:236. [PMID: 38824607 PMCID: PMC11143708 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chicken's inflammatory response is an essential part of the bird's response to infection. A single dose of Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin can activate the acute phase response (APR) and lead to the production of acute phase proteins (APPs). In this study, the responses of established chicken APPs, Serum amyloid A (SAA) and Alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP), were compared to two novel APPs, Hemopexin (Hpx) and Extracellular fatty acid binding protein (Ex-FABP), in 15-day old broilers over a time course of 48 h post E.coli LPS challenge. We aimed to investigate and validate their role as biomarkers of an APR. Novel plant extracts, Citrus (CTS) and cucumber (CMB), were used as dietary supplements to investigate their ability to reduce the inflammatory response initiated by the endotoxin. RESULTS A significant increase of established (SAA, AGP) and novel (Ex-FABP, Hpx) APPs was detected post E.coli LPS challenge. Extracellular fatty acid binding protein (Ex-FABP) showed a similar early response to SAA post LPS challenge by increasing ~ 20-fold at 12 h post challenge (P < 0.001). Hemopexin (Hpx) showed a later response by increasing ∼5-fold at 24 h post challenge (P < 0.001) with a similar trend to AGP. No differences in APP responses were identified between diets (CTS and CMB) using any of the established or novel biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Hpx and Ex-FABP were confirmed as potential biomarkers of APR in broilers when using an E. coli LPS model along with SAA and AGP. However, no clear advantage for using either of dietary supplements to modulate the APR was identified at the dosage used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riva
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High St, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Radoslava Cimermana, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Peter D Eckersall
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Laura C Chadwick
- Life Diagnostics, P124 Turner Lane, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Dorothy E F McKeegan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jorge Peinado-Izaguerri
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - David Hermans
- Nutrition Sciences N. V, Booiebos, Ghent, B-9031, Belgium
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Maureen Bain
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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Jin X, Xia X, Li J, Adu-Frimpong M, Wang X, Wang Q, Wu H, Yu Q, Ji H, Toreniyazov E, Cao X, Yu J, Xu X. Preparation, characterization, pharmacokinetics and ulcerative colitis treatment of hyperoside-loaded mixed micelles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1370-1388. [PMID: 37957475 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
At present, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global disease due to its high incidence. Hyperoside (HYP) is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound with many pharmacological effects. This study aimed to develop HYP-loaded mixed micelles (HYP-M) to improve oral bioavailability of HYP and to evaluate its therapeutic effect on UC. The prepared HYP-M exhibited stable physical and chemical properties, smaller particle size (PS) (21.48 ± 1.37 nm), good polydispersity index (PDI = 0.178 ± 0.013), negative Zeta potential (ZP) (- 20.00 ± 0.48 mV) and high entrapment rate (EE) (89.59 ± 2.03%). In vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic results showed that HYP-M significantly increased the releasing rate of HYP, wherein its oral bioavailability was 4.15 times higher than that of free HYP. In addition, HYP-M was more effective in the treatment of UC than free HYP. In conclusion, HYP-M could serve as a novel approach to improve bioavailability and increase anti-UC activity of HYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoli Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CKT-UTAS), Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxiao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingtong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Jiangsu Tian Sheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Elmurat Toreniyazov
- Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies of Karakalpakstan, Nukus, Uzbekistan
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Medicinal Function Development of New Food Resources, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Nishikawa K, Miyazaki K, Hirai T, Saneyasu T, Honda K. Effects of Dietary Brown Rice and Sake Lees on the Growth Performance and Color of Meat in Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2024; 61:2024007. [PMID: 38425729 PMCID: PMC10898942 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether brown rice and sake lees (domestic feed ingredients) could replace corn and soybean meal (major imported feed ingredients) in broiler chick feed. In Experiment 1, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to two groups and fed a corn-soybean- or a brown rice-soybean-based diet for three weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Dietary brown rice significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Brown rice feeding also significantly increased L* (lightness) in the thigh and significantly decreased a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) in the thigh and b* in the fat. In Experiment 2, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to three groups and fed either a corn-soybean-based diet for 3 weeks, a corn-soybean-based diet for the first 2 weeks followed by a brown rice sake lees-based diet for the last week, or a brown rice sake lees-based diet for 3 weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Replacement of the imported feed ingredients significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. The a* values for the breast, thigh, and fat, and the b* values for the thigh and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 3 weeks. The a* values for the breasts and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 1 week. These results suggest that brown rice and sake lees can be used as replacements for imported feed ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in broiler chicks without detrimental effects on growth performance. These domestic feed ingredients may benefit local production and consumption of poultry in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishikawa
- Graduate School of
Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe
657-8501, Japan
| | - Karin Miyazaki
- Graduate School of
Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe
657-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiro Hirai
- Research &
Development Department, Hakutsuru Sake Brewing
Co., Ltd., Kobe 658-0041, Japan
| | - Takaoki Saneyasu
- Graduate School of
Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe
657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Honda
- Graduate School of
Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe
657-8501, Japan
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Cui Y, Huang P, Duan H, Song S, Gan L, Liu Z, Lin Q, Wang J, Qi G, Guan J. Role of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum in alleviating intestinal inflammatory damage through promoting epithelial proliferation and differentiation in layer chicks. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1287899. [PMID: 38053557 PMCID: PMC10694250 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alleviating effects of Lactobacillus plantarum in microencapsulation (LPM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammatory injury were investigated in layer chicks. A total of 252 healthy Hy-Line Brown layer chicks were randomly divided into six groups. Birds were injected with saline or LPS except for the control, and the diets of birds subjected to LPS were supplemented with nothing, L. plantarum, LPM, and wall material of LPM, respectively. The viable counts of LPM reached 109 CFU/g, and the supplemental levels of L. plantarum, LPM, and WM were 0.02 g (109 CFU), 1.0 g, and 0.98 g, per kilogram feed, respectively. LPS administration caused intestinal damage in layer chicks, evidenced by increased proinflammatory factors accompanied by poor intestinal development and morphology (p < 0.05). LPM/LPS significantly increased body weight, small intestine weight and length, villus height, villus height/crypt depth, and mRNA relative expression of tight junction protein genes (p < 0.05) and performed better than free L. plantarum. These findings could be attributed to the significant increase in viable counts of L. plantarum in the small intestine (p < 0.05), as well as the enhanced levels of Actinobacteriota, Lactobacillaceae, and Lactobacillus in intestinal microbiota (p < 0.05). Such results could further significantly increase goblet and PCNA+ cell percentage (p < 0.05); the mRNA relative expressions of epithelial cell, fast-cycling stem cell, quiescent stem cell, endocrine cell, and Paneth cell; and goblet and proliferative cell marker genes, including E-cadherin, Lgr-5, Bmi-1, ChA, Lysozome, Mucin-2, and PCNA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA relative expressions of key genes involved in epithelial cell proliferation, namely, c-Myc, Cyclin-1, Wnt-3, Lrp-5, and Olfm-4, exhibited significant upregulation compared with the LPS treatment, as well as the differentiating genes Notch-1 and Hes-1 (p < 0.05). To sum up, microencapsulated L. plantarum supplementation could alleviate intestinal injury in layer chicks induced by LPS by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, which could be attributed to the increase in viable count of L. plantarum in the gut and optimization in intestinal microbial flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Cui
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haitao Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shijia Song
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Gan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiaohan Lin
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gunghai Qi
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Guan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zhang S, Wang Q, Ye J, Fan Q, Lin X, Gou Z, Azzam MM, Wang Y, Jiang S. Transcriptome and proteome profile of jejunum in chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium revealed the effects of dietary bilberry anthocyanin on immune function. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1266977. [PMID: 38053560 PMCID: PMC10694457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study investigated the effects of bilberry anthocyanin (BA) on immune function when alleviating Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in chickens. Methods A total of 180 newly hatched yellow-feathered male chicks were assigned to three groups (CON, SI, and SI + BA). Birds in CON and SI were fed a basal diet, and those in SI + BA were supplemented with 100 mg/kg BA for 18 days. Birds in SI and SI + BA received 0.5 ml suspension of S. Typhimurium (2 × 109 CFU/ml) by oral gavage at 14 and 16 days of age, and those in CON received equal volumes of sterile PBS. Results At day 18, (1) dietary BA alleviated weight loss of chickens caused by S. Typhimurium infection (P < 0.01). (2) Supplementation with BA reduced the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius (P < 0.01) and jejunal villus height (P < 0.05) and increased the number of goblet cells (P < 0.01) and the expression of MUC2 (P < 0.05) in jejunal mucosa, compared with birds in SI. (3) Supplementation with BA decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of immunoglobulins and cytokines in plasma (IgA, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-β) and jejunal mucosa (IgG, IgM, sIgA, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ) of S. Typhimurium-infected chickens. (4) BA regulated a variety of biological processes, especially the defense response to bacteria and humoral immune response, and suppressed cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways by downregulating 6 immune-related proteins. Conclusion In summary, the impaired growth performance and disruption of jejunal morphology caused by S. Typhimurium were alleviated by dietary BA by affecting the expression of immune-related genes and proteins, and signaling pathways are related to immune response associated with immune cytokine receptors and production in jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiajing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mahmoud M. Azzam
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Gvozdanović K, Kralik Z, Radišić Ž, Košević M, Kralik G, Djurkin Kušec I. The Interaction between Feed Bioactive Compounds and Chicken Genome. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1831. [PMID: 37889707 PMCID: PMC10251886 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumer demand for high quality and safe foods that will have a positive impact on their health has increased in recent years. Today, it is possible to meet those demands by combining the genetic potential of domestic animals and applying different feeding strategies. Nutrigenomics is one of the "omics" sciences that studies the interaction between nutrients and the genome together with their influence on metabolic and physiological processes in the body. While nutrition of domestic animals is solely based on studying the influence of nutrients on animal health and production traits, nutrigenomics integrates the fields of nutrition, genomics, molecular genetics and bioinformatics. By understanding the molecular relationships between different forms and/or concentrations of nutrients in feed and genes, it is possible to answer the question of how small changes in the diet of farm animals can produce a quality product with positive effects on human health. The aim of this article is to describe how the manipulation of adding different nutrients in the feed affects the expression of different genes in chicken and consequently alters their phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Gvozdanović
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zlata Kralik
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Žarko Radišić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Manuela Košević
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Nutricin j.d.o.o., Đure Đakovića 6, 31326 Darda, Croatia
| | - Ivona Djurkin Kušec
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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9
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Sarmiento-Garcia A, Olgun O, Kilinç G, Sevim B, Gökmen SA. The use of purple carrot powder in the diet of laying quails improved some egg quality characteristics, including antioxidant capacity. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:220. [PMID: 37221423 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary concentrations of purple carrot powder (PCP) on performance, egg production, egg quality, and the antioxidant capacity of the yolk in laying quails. A total of one hundred and fifty 22-week-old Japanese laying quails were allotted to 5 dietary treatments each with 6 replicates of 5 quails. Quails were allocated to five dietary treatments (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%) with PCP addition at an increasing level from 0 to 4000 mg/kg diet respectively, which were fed ad-libitum throughout the duration of the experiment. No differences were detected between dietary treatments for any of the performance parameters or egg production. Eggshell weight and eggshell thickness (P < 0.05) were linearly affected by PCP dietary, reaching maximum levels at 0.4% of PCP supplementation, while the percentage of damaged egg and egg-breaking strength remained similar for all experimental groups (P < 0.05). Quails receiving PCP diets showed a yellowness (b*) (P < 0.05) egg yolk color than those fed the control diet, without affecting the rest of the color parameters and egg internal quality. Increasing PCP levels in diets reduced linearly yolk TBARS (P < 0.01) and increased linearly DPPH (P < 0.01). The addition of PCP, a safe and readily available agricultural by-product, as a component of the diet of laying quail was effective without adversely affecting quail production. Moreover, the inclusion of PCP in the diet might benefit laying quails' eggs by improving some quality traits and enhancing the yolk's antioxidant capacity, which could improve their shelf-life and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Sarmiento-Garcia
- Área de Producción Animal, Departamento de Construcción Y Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Y Ambientales, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Osman Olgun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gözde Kilinç
- Department of Food Processing, Suluova Vocational Schools, Amasya University, 05500, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Behlül Sevim
- Eskil Vocational School, Aksaray University, 68800, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Seyit Ahmet Gökmen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, 42130, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
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10
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Rehman S, Gora AH, Abdelhafiz Y, Dias J, Pierre R, Meynen K, Fernandes JMO, Sørensen M, Brugman S, Kiron V. Potential of algae-derived alginate oligosaccharides and β-glucan to counter inflammation in adult zebrafish intestine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183701. [PMID: 37275890 PMCID: PMC10235609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are natural bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. We performed a feeding trial employing a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of soybean-induced intestinal inflammation. Five groups of fish were fed different diets: a control (CT) diet, a soybean meal (SBM) diet, a soybean meal+β-glucan (BG) diet and 2 soybean meal+AOS diets (alginate products differing in the content of low molecular weight fractions - AL, with 31% < 3kDa and AH, with 3% < 3kDa). We analyzed the intestinal transcriptomic and plasma metabolomic profiles of the study groups. In addition, we assessed the expression of inflammatory marker genes and histological alterations in the intestine. Dietary algal β-(1, 3)-glucan and AOS were able to bring the expression of certain inflammatory genes altered by dietary SBM to a level similar to that in the control group. Intestinal transcriptomic analysis indicated that dietary SBM changed the expression of genes linked to inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum, reproduction and cell motility. The AL diet suppressed the expression of genes related to complement activation, inflammatory and humoral response, which can likely have an inflammation alleviation effect. On the other hand, the AH diet reduced the expression of genes, causing an enrichment of negative regulation of immune system process. The BG diet suppressed several immune genes linked to the endopeptidase activity and proteolysis. The plasma metabolomic profile further revealed that dietary SBM can alter inflammation-linked metabolites such as itaconic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and enriched the arginine biosynthesis pathway. The diet AL helped in elevating one of the short chain fatty acids, namely 2-hydroxybutyric acid while the BG diet increased the abundance of a vitamin, pantothenic acid. Histological evaluation revealed the advantage of the AL diet: it increased the goblet cell number and length of villi of the intestinal mucosa. Overall, our results indicate that dietary AOS with an appropriate amount of < 3kDa can stall the inflammatory responses in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rehman
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Adnan H. Gora
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Yousri Abdelhafiz
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Ronan Pierre
- CEVA (Centre d’Etude et de Valorisation des Algues), Pleubian, France
| | - Koen Meynen
- Kemin Aquascience, Division of Kemin Europa N.V., Herentals, Belgium
| | | | - Mette Sørensen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Animal Sciences Group, Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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11
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Sugiharto S. The effect of using fruit peel on broiler growth and health. Vet World 2023; 16:987-1000. [PMID: 37576753 PMCID: PMC10420714 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.987-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To ensure the long-term viability of broiler farming, producers must address a number of issues, including rising feed costs, a ban on antibiotic growth promoters, and growing consumer awareness of chemical residues in broiler chicken meat. Fruit peel is a waste with no commercial value, but due to its high nutritional content, particularly in terms of energy, it has the potential to be used as an alternative feed source for broiler chicks. Fruit peel also contains a number of nutraceutical compounds that have the potential to be added to feed or used as natural supplements for broiler chickens due to their antibacterial, antioxidant, and immunostimulant properties. Fruit peels have high fiber content and antinutritional and toxic components that may interfere with broiler digestion and physiological function, so they should be used cautiously in broiler production. Various processes, including fermentation, extraction, distillation, and combining with other active components, such as enzymes, may be used to optimize the use of fruit peels in broiler production. This review examines the use of fruit peel and its effects on broiler growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugiharto Sugiharto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
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12
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Csernus B, Szabó C, Knop R, Kidane RG, Ndunguru SF, Gulyás G, Ozsváth XE, Czeglédi L. Capsanthin supplementation modulates the immune response in broiler chickens under Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge. Arch Anim Breed 2023. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-103-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Due to the legislation of antibiotic usage, natural
substances are required for application in the poultry industry. Because of their potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, carotenoids are
great sources. Capsanthin, a major carotenoid giving the red color of pepper, is a promising feed additive, as it can reduce chronic inflammation.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of capsanthin
supplementation at 80 mg kg−1 in feed on the immune response of broiler
chickens under Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Ross 308 male
broilers were divided into treatments: control (basal diet) and
feed-supplemented groups. At 42 d of age, chickens were weighed and then challenged with 1 mg LPS per kilogram of body weight intraperitoneally. Four
hours after injection, birds were euthanized, and then spleen and blood samples were collected. Capsanthin supplement at 80 mg kg−1 did not change the growth parameters and the relative spleen weight. LPS immunization resulted in
higher splenic interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA expressions. Capsanthin addition reached lower gene expression levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ compared to
the LPS-injected birds. At plasma level, dietary capsanthin resulted in lower
IL-1β and IL-6 levels. These results may indicate the potential
anti-inflammatory effect of capsanthin supplementation in broiler chickens.
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13
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Sosnówka-Czajka E, Skomorucha I, Obremski K, Wojtacha P. Performance and meat quality of broiler chickens fed with the addition of dried fruit pomace. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102631. [PMID: 37004287 PMCID: PMC10091109 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the addition to feed of 3% of dried pomace from apples (AP), cherries (CH), and strawberries (ST) on the production results and meat quality of broiler chickens. Birds fed only the standard mixture for broiler chickens were the control group (CO). On d 42, a lower body weight of broiler chickens from group ST was noted compared to birds from group CO at P = 0.032. When feed conversion per 1 kg of weight gain and loss of broiler chickens was assessed, no differences between groups were shown (P ˃ 0.05). The leg muscles of AP and CH broiler chickens had less drip loss compared to the control group at P = 0.036. For other quality parameters of breast and leg muscles, no differences between groups were noted (P ˃ 0.05). It was found that the addition of dried apple and cherry pomace to the feed in the amount of 3% did not adversely affect the production results and the quality of broiler chicken meat. On the other hand, the addition to feed of dried pomace from strawberries reduced the final body weight of experimental birds. The most interesting additive turned out to be dried cherry pomace, because it improved slaughter efficiency, contributed to reducing drip loss of leg muscles, and influenced the lower level of crude fat in the breast muscles. However, further research should be carried out on the optimal concentration of CH in the diet of fattening chickens in order to achieve the most beneficial results.
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Effects of Dietary Ferulic Acid on Intestinal Health and Ileal Microbiota of Tianfu Broilers Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041720. [PMID: 36838708 PMCID: PMC9967589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been considered the primary agent to establish animal models of inflammation, immunological stress, and organ injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that LPS impaired gastrointestinal development and disrupted intestinal microbial composition and metabolism. Ferulic acid (FA) isolated from multiple plants exhibits multiple biological activities. This study investigated whether FA ameliorated intestinal function and microflora in LPS-challenged Tianfu broilers. The results showed that LPS challenge impaired intestinal function, as evidenced by decreased antioxidant functions (p < 0.05), disrupted morphological structure (p < 0.05), and increased intestinal permeability (p < 0.05); however, these adverse effects were improved by FA supplementation. Additionally, FA supplementation preserved sIgA levels (p < 0.05), increased mRNA expression levels of CLDN and ZO-1 (p < 0.05), and enhanced epithelial proliferation (p < 0.05) in the ileal mucosa in LPS-challenged chickens. Moreover, FA supplementation rectified the ileal microflora disturbances in the LPS-challenged broilers. The results demonstrate that dietary FA supplementation decreased LPS-induced intestinal damage by enhancing antioxidant capacity and maintaining intestinal integrity. Furthermore, FA supplementation protects intestinal tight junctions (TJs), elevates secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels, and modulates ileal microflora composition in LPS-challenged broilers.
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15
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Li J, Zhou D, Li H, Luo Q, Wang X, Qin J, Xu Y, Lu Q, Tian X. Effect of purple corn extract on performance, antioxidant activity, egg quality, egg amino acid, and fatty acid profiles of laying hen. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1083842. [PMID: 36686183 PMCID: PMC9853176 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1083842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of anthocyanin-rich purple corn extract (PCE) on performance, antioxidant potential, egg quality, egg amino acid and fatty acid profiles of laying hens during the late laying period. A total of 360 88-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups, and fed a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 120 (LP), 240 (MP), and 360 mg/kg (HP) PCE, respectively. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the ADFI or average egg weight among the groups. However, the mean feed to egg ratio was quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) in the LP and HP treatments. The mean TAC was linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) in all PCE supplemented treatments. The mean SOD was linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) in the HP treatment compared with CON and MP groups. The GPX was linearly and quadratically lower in the HP treatment compared to the CON and LP groups. Differently, the MDA was linearly and quadratically lower (P < 0.05) in the PCE treatments compared with the CON. The eggshell thickness value in MP and HP treatments were linearly and quadratically higher (P < 0.05) than that of the CON and LP groups. Hens fed PCE was linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.05) most individual amino acids, essential amino acid and umami amino acid profiles in egg. The PCE treatments showed linearly and quadratic (P < 0.05) effect on the myristoleate, heptadecenoic acid, elaidic acid, eicosenoic acid, heneicosanoic acid, and eicosatrienoic acid concentrations. Moreover, dietary supplementation of PCE was quadratically increased egg stearic acid, oleic acid, arachidic acid, linolenic acid methyl ester, arachidonic acid, diphenylamine, docosahexaenoic acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid compared to the CON. Therefore, dietary anthocyanin-rich PCE can enhance plasma antioxidant potential, is beneficial to egg production, and improves amino acids and fatty acids in hen eggs during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guizhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Office, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingyuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jixiao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingzhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,*Correspondence: Xingzhou Tian ✉ ; ✉
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16
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Jiang SQ, Chen ZL, Zhang S, Ye JL, Wang YB. Protective effects of protocatechuic acid on growth performance, intestinal barrier and antioxidant capacity in broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Animal 2023; 17:100693. [PMID: 36587590 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
'Prohibition of the antibiotic uses' aggravates the problem of intestinal diseases in poultry, and nutritional regulation has become a research hotspot, such as supplementation with active ingredients derived from plants. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on growth, intestinal barrier, and antioxidant capacity of broilers injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old yellow feather broilers were randomly allocated to four groups, each with six replicates of 20 broilers. The treatments were basal diet + saline injection (CON) or LPS injection (CON-LPS), and diets with 300 or 600 mg/kg PCA supplementation + LPS injection (P300, P600). Birds were injected intramuscularly on 17th and 19th day of age, then sampled on day 21. The LPS injection significantly decreased BW and average daily gain of broilers, and compared with birds in CON-LPS, PCA supplementation increased (P < 0.05) those variables; moreover, 300 mg/kg PCA also decreased the feed-to-gain ratio. No differences were observed in relative weights of immune organs (P > 0.05). LPS decreased the villus height/crypt depth ratio (V/C) in jejunum of broilers, while PCA (P300 and P600) increased (P < 0.05) the jejunal villus height and V/C compared with birds in CON-LPS. LPS challenge increased jejunal malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and decreased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in plasma (P < 0.05); compared with birds in CON-LPS, jejunal and plasmal GSH-Px activity (P300 and P600) and jejunal T-SOD activity (P300) were decreased (P < 0.05), and hepatic MDA concentration (P600) was increased (P < 0.05). LPS significantly decreased the transcript abundances of OCLN, ZO-1, JAM2, MUC2, SOD1, CAT and GPX in jejunal mucosa of birds, and supplementation with PCA attenuated the decrease in OCLN, JAM2, and MUC2 expression compared with birds in CON-LPS; moreover, 600 mg/kg PCA offset the deduction in SOD1, CAT and GPX expression. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PCA could improve antioxidant status and attenuate the damage in intestinal barrier and loss in growth performance of LPS-challenged broilers, and 600 mg/kg PCA showed more improved effects on antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Z L Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - S Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - J L Ye
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Y B Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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17
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Lu Z, Liu J, Zhao L, Wang C, Shi F, Li Z, Liu X, Miao Z. Enhancement of oral bioavailability and anti-colitis effect of luteolin-loaded polymer micelles with RA (rosmarinic acid)-SS-mPEG as carrier. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:17-29. [PMID: 36730369 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2175850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polymer micelles were prepared (L-RSPMs) with luteolin and synthetic RA-SS-mPEG polymeric material before evaluation of their anti-inflammatory effect on 2, 4, 6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) model in rats. METHODS The synthetic RA-SS-mPEG was characterized with NMR spectroscopy, before preparation of luteolin-coated RA-SS-mPEG polymer micelles. The in vitro characterization and evaluation of the formulation were accomplished, couple with its pharmacokinetic parameters. The levels of PEG2, MDA, CRP and GSH, as well as concentrations of TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum and colon tissue were detected via ELISA kit. The degree of colon injury and inflammation was evaluated via histopathologic examination. RESULTS L-RSPMs displayed small average droplet size (133.40 ± 4.52 nm), uniformly dispersed (PDI: 0.163 ± 0.011), good stability, slow release and enhanced solubility. We observed 353.28% increase in the relative bioavailability of L-RSPMs compared to free luteolin, while the half-life of the micelle was extended by 6.16h. Compared to model (M) group, luteolin (low and high doses) and L-RSPMs (low and high doses) significantly reduced levels of MDA, PEG2, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in colon tissue and serum of colitic rats but dose dependently increased IL-10 and SOD levels (p < 0.01). Histopathologic examination of colon showed that luteolin (low and high doses) and L-RSPMs (low and high doses) improved colonic inflammation in colitic rats to varying degrees compared to M group. CONCLUSION L-RSPMs could improve TNBS-induced colon inflammation by enhancing bioavailability, promoting antioxidant effects and regulating cytokine release, which may become a potential agent for UC treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Liangjian Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Chenli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhengqi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Zhiwei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, China
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Dietary supplementation with anthocyanin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal damage through antioxidant effects in yellow-feathered broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102325. [PMID: 36566655 PMCID: PMC9801212 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of anthocyanin (AC) supplementation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged yellow-feathered broiler chicks. A total of 480 1-d female broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: basal diet (CON), basal diet + LPS-challenge (LPS), supplementation with 100 or 400 mg/kg AC + LPS-challenge (AC100, AC400). On d 17 and d 19, birds in LPS, AC100 and AC400 received an intramuscular dose of LPS, while birds in CON received saline. The result showed that (1) LPS injection significantly decreased (P < 0.05) body weight on d 21 and average daily gain of broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age, and supplementation with 100 mg/kg AC increased (P < 0.05) those of LPS-challenged broilers. (2) There were no differences among the treatments (P > 0.05) in relative weights of immune organs. (3) Supplementation with AC (AC100 and AC400) increased (P < 0.05) the jejunal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio (AC100) of LPS-challenged birds. Challenge with LPS decreased the relative expression of OCLN (Occludin), ZO-1, JAM2, and MUC2 in jejunal mucosa of broilers, and supplementation with AC offset the relative expression of ZO-1, JAM2 (AC100 and AC400), and OCLN (AC400) in LPS-injected broilers. (4) LPS-induced increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and decreases in activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and expression of SOD1, CAT and GPX in jejunal mucosa, were attenuated by dietary AC supplementation. In conclusion, in yellow-feathered broiler chicks, dietary supplementation with AC alleviated LPS-induced declined growth performance and mucosal damage of the intestine through antioxidant effects.
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Bi S, Shao J, Qu Y, Xu W, Li J, Zhang L, Shi W, Cao L. Serum metabolomics reveal pathways associated with protective effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on immune stress. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102187. [PMID: 36215740 PMCID: PMC9554815 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that administration of ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorates immune stress by inhibiting inflammatory responses, reducing oxidative damage and upregulating mRNA expression of mTOR, SOD-1, and HO-1. However, the specific mechanism in relation to the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on stressed broilers especially the metabolites alteration remains obscure. The present study aimed to investigate the underlined mechanism in relation to the pathogenesis and protective effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on stressed broilers using liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry profiling. Eighteen broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 3 treatments: Control, Model and Rg3. Chickens in Rg3 group received intraperitoneally administered 1 mg/kg Rg3 2 h before LPS challenge. Then the broilers were intraperitoneally injection of 250 µg/kg LPS at the age of 12, 14, 33, and 35 d to induce immune stress. Control group was injected with an equivalent amount of sterile saline. At the end of the experiment, the serum was obtained for metabolomics analysis. The changes in serum metabolic profiles were investigated with the application of metabolomics approach. Distinct changes in metabolite patterns in serum were observed by orthogonal partial least square-discriminate analysis. In total, 35 metabolites were identified, among which 17 differential metabolites were found between Control and Model group, and 18 differential metabolites were identified between Model and Rg3 group. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed potential serum metabolites involved in oxidative stress and inflammation, degradation of lipid and protein in broiler chicks with immune stress. In addition, the protective effect of Rg3 on the stressed chicks may be largely mediated by BCAA metabolism, apoptosis and mTOR signaling pathway. These results suggested the potential biomarkers involved in pathogenesis and prevention of stress induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide.
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Remenyik J, Biró A, Klusóczki Á, Juhász KZ, Szendi-Szatmári T, Kenesei Á, Szőllősi E, Vasvári G, Stündl L, Fenyvesi F, Váradi J, Markovics A. Comparison of the Modulating Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Sour Cherry Extract on Occludin and ZO-1 on Caco-2 and HUVEC Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169036. [PMID: 36012299 PMCID: PMC9408816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased permeability of the epithelial and endothelial cell layers results in the onset of pathogenic mechanisms. In both cell types, cell–cell connections play a regulatory role in altering membrane permeability. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulating effect of anthocyanin-rich extract (AC) on TJ proteins in inflammatory Caco-2 and HUVEC monolayers. Distribution of Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were investigated by immunohistochemical staining and the protein levels were measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values were measured during a permeability assay on HUVEC cell culture. As a result of inflammatory induction by TNF-α, redistribution of proteins was observed in Caco-2 cell culture, which was reduced by AC treatment. In HUVEC cell culture, the decrease in protein and mRNA expression was more dominant during inflammatory induction, which was compensated for by the AC treatment. Overall, AC positively affected the expression of the examined cell-binding structures forming the membrane on both cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Biró
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Klusóczki
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Zoltán Juhász
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Szendi-Szatmári
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Kenesei
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Szőllősi
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasvári
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Stündl
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Arnold Markovics
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (A.M.)
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21
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The Effects of Purple Corn Pigment on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Indices, Meat Quality, Muscle Amino Acids, and Fatty Acids of Growing Chickens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131870. [PMID: 35804685 PMCID: PMC9265630 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of purple corn pigment (PCP) on the growth performance, blood biochemical indices, meat quality, muscle amino acids, and fatty acids of growing chickens. A total of 288 (8 weeks of age) growing Chishui black-bone chickens (body weight, 940 ± 80 g; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly divided into 4 groups using a completely randomized design. The four diet groups were as follows: (1) control, basal diet; (2) treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3, which were basal diet with 80, 160, and 240 mg/kg PCP, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the feeding of anthocyanins significantly (p < 0.05) increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain in chickens. Moreover, chickens receiving 80 mg/kg PCP significantly increased (p < 0.05) plasma total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and albumin concentrations relative to the control group. For meat quality, dietary supplementation with PCP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the drip loss and water loss rate in breast muscle. Additionally, chickens receiving PCP tended to increase (p < 0.05) the levels of most individual amino acids, essential amino acids, and umami amino acids in the muscle. Specifically, the addition of 80 mg/kg PCP significantly improved (p < 0.05) total polyunsaturated fatty acids in chicken muscle. Accordingly, the consumption of anthocyanin-rich PCP by the growing chickens had the potential to increase the growth performance, enhance antioxidant and immune capacities, increase meat quality, and improve essential and umami amino acids as well as unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle.
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22
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Tan Z, Halter B, Liu D, Gilbert ER, Cline MA. Dietary Flavonoids as Modulators of Lipid Metabolism in Poultry. Front Physiol 2022; 13:863860. [PMID: 35547590 PMCID: PMC9081441 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.863860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, naturally-occurring compounds with multiple phenolic structures, are the most widely distributed phytochemicals in the plant kingdom, and are mainly found in vegetables, fruits, grains, roots, herbs, and tea and red wine products. Flavonoids have health-promoting effects and are indispensable compounds in nutritional and pharmaceutical (i.e., nutraceutical) applications. Among the demonstrated bioactive effects of flavonoids are anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial in a range of research models. Through dietary formulation strategies, numerous flavonoids provide the ability to support bird health while improving the nutritional quality of poultry meat and eggs by changing the profile of fatty acids and reducing cholesterol content. A number of such compounds have been shown to inhibit adipogenesis, and promote lipolysis and apoptosis in adipose tissue cells, and thereby have the potential to affect fat accretion in poultry at various ages and stages of production. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties contribute to animal health by preventing free radical damage in tissues and ameliorating inflammation in adipose tissue, which are concerns in broiler breeders and laying hens. In this review, we summarize the progress in understanding the effects of dietary flavonoids on lipid metabolism and fat deposition in poultry, and discuss the associated physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Tan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Bailey Halter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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23
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Amer SA, Al-Khalaifah HS, Gouda A, Osman A, Goda NIA, Mohammed HA, Darwish MIM, Hassan AM, Mohamed SKA. Potential Effects of Anthocyanin-Rich Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Extract on the Growth, Intestinal Histomorphology, Blood Biochemical Parameters, and the Immune Status of Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030544. [PMID: 35326194 PMCID: PMC8944722 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of anthocyanin-rich roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (ARRE) on the growth, carcass traits, intestinal histomorphology, breast muscle composition, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, and immune status of broiler chickens were evaluated. In the present study, Hibiscus acidified ethanolic extract was reported to have a total anthocyanin content of about 359.3 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g DW, total polyphenol concentration (TPC) of about 598 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g DW, and total flavonoids (TFs) of about 100 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g DW. Two-hundred-fifty one-day-old chicks (Ross 308 broiler) (87.85 gm ± 0.32) were randomly allotted to five experimental groups and fed on basal diets supplemented with five levels of ARRE: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg Kg−1 for 35 days. Dietary ARRE addition did not improve the birds’ growth and carcass traits. Supplemental ARRE increased the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (ω-3) percentage in the breast muscle. Dietary ARRE increased the villous height, and the ARRE100 group raised the villus height to crypt depth ratio. Dietary ARRE increased the immunoexpression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the spleen. The serum thyroxine hormone (T4) level was higher in the ARRE200 group. The serum growth hormone level was increased by ARRE addition in a level-dependent manner. According to the broken-line regression analysis, the optimum inclusion level of ARRE was 280 mg Kg−1. All levels of supplemental ARRE decreased the serum triglyceride level. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased in the ARRE100-ARRE400 groups, the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was increased in the ARRE200 group, and the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was decreased by increasing the ARRE level. Supplemental ARRE significantly increased the serum levels of lysozymes and IL10. The serum complement 3 (C3) level was increased in ARRE200 and ARRE400 groups. It can be concluded that dietary ARRE addition had many beneficial effects represented by the improvements in the bird’s metabolic functions, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, antioxidant activity, immune status, and higher ω-3 content in the breast muscles. However, it had no improving effect on the birds’ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanan S. Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Nehal I. A. Goda
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Haiam A. Mohammed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud I. M. Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Aziza M. Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sherif Kh. A. Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
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Mavrommatis A, Zografaki ME, Marka S, Myrtsi ED, Giamouri E, Christodoulou C, Evergetis E, Iliopoulos V, Koulocheri SD, Moschopoulou G, Simitzis PE, Pappas AC, Flemetakis E, Koutinas A, Haroutounian SA, Tsiplakou E. Effect of a Carotenoid Extract from Citrus reticulata By-Products on the Immune-Oxidative Status of Broilers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010144. [PMID: 35052648 PMCID: PMC8773417 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although carotenoids generally possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, the in vivo synergistic action of carotenoid blends derived from plant-based by-products has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the carotenoid characterization and antimicrobial potential of Citrus reticulata extract as well as the impact of this carotenoid-rich extract (CCE) dietary supplementation on the performance, meat quality, and immune-oxidative status of broiler chickens were determined. One hundred and twenty one-day-old hatched chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to two dietary groups, with four replicate pens of 15 birds each. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% CCE (25 mg carotenoid extract included in 1 g of soluble starch) for 42 d. β-Cryptoxanthin, β-Carotene, Zeaxanthin, and Lutein were the prevailing carotenoid compounds in the Citrus reticulata extract. The CCE feed additive exerted inhibitory properties against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and negative (Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria. Both the broiler performance and meat quality did not substantially differ, while the breast muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration tended to decrease (p = 0.070) in the CCE-fed broilers. The inclusion of CCE decreased the alanine aminotransferase and MDA concentration, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was increased in the blood. Catalase and NADPH oxidase 2 relative transcript levels were significantly downregulated in the livers of the CCE-fed broilers. Additionally, Interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) relative transcript levels were downregulated in the livers of the CCE- fed broilers, while TNF and interferon γ (IFNG) tended to decrease in the spleens and bursa of Fabricius, respectively. The present study provided new insights regarding the beneficial properties of carotenoids contained in Citrus reticulata in broilers’ immune-oxidative status. These promising outcomes could be the basis for further research under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (M.-E.Z.); (S.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Sofia Marka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (M.-E.Z.); (S.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Eleni D. Myrtsi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Elisavet Giamouri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Christos Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Epameinondas Evergetis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Vasilios Iliopoulos
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Sofia D. Koulocheri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Georgia Moschopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis E. Simitzis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios C. Pappas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (M.-E.Z.); (S.M.); (E.F.)
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Serkos A. Haroutounian
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (E.D.M.); (E.G.); (C.C.); (E.E.); (V.I.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105294435; Fax: +30-2105294413
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Šefcová MA, Santacruz F, Larrea-Álvarez CM, Vinueza-Burgos C, Ortega-Paredes D, Molina-Cuasapaz G, Rodríguez J, Calero-Cáceres W, Revajová V, Fernández-Moreira E, Larrea-Álvarez M. Administration of Dietary Microalgae Ameliorates Intestinal Parameters, Improves Body Weight, and Reduces Thawing Loss of Fillets in Broiler Chickens: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3601. [PMID: 34944376 PMCID: PMC8698060 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot investigation aimed at studying the feasibility of using a low dose (0.2%) of dietary microalgae as a means of improving intestinal morphometry, body weight, and selected meat quality parameters in broilers. A total of 72 one-day-old ROSS 308 male chicks were randomly separated into four groups; three experimental pens in which the birds were fed with biomass from Tysochrysis lutea, Tetraselmis chuii, and Porphyridium cruentum over 30 days and a control group. T. chuii and P. cruentum had a positive effect with regard to body weight. In treated animals, duodenal and ileal sections showed characteristic tall and thin villi, with serrated surfaces and goblet cell differentiation. In both sections, values of the villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio were increased by microalgae ingestion. The thawing weight loss of fillets was reduced in T. chuii-fed animals. The positive effects exerted by T. chuii and P. cruentum on intestinal architecture were associated with the improved body weight. Arguably, these outcomes exhibit the potential of using these species to enhance growth performance in broiler chickens by promoting gut homeostasis and thus nutrient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Anna Šefcová
- Research Unit, Life Science Initiative (LSI), Quito 170102, Ecuador; (M.A.Š.); (C.M.L.-Á.)
| | - Francisco Santacruz
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Hacienda San José, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
| | | | - Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (C.V.-B.); (D.O.-P.)
| | - David Ortega-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador; (C.V.-B.); (D.O.-P.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Molina-Cuasapaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050101, Ecuador; (G.M.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050101, Ecuador; (G.M.-C.); (J.R.)
| | - William Calero-Cáceres
- UTA-RAM-One Health, Department of Food and Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180207, Ecuador;
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Esteban Fernández-Moreira
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Hacienda San José, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador;
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26
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Mavrommatis A, Simitzis PE, Kyriakaki P, Giamouri E, Myrtsi ED, Evergetis E, Filippi K, Papapostolou H, Koulocheri SD, Pappas AC, Koutinas A, Haroutounian SA, Tsiplakou E. Immune-Related Gene Expression Profiling of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification Byproducts: A Valorization Approach II. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113038. [PMID: 34827771 PMCID: PMC8614383 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The valorization of grape byproducts appears to be a sustainable bioeconomic strategy that could promote the substitution of synthetic with natural antioxidant compounds in the food and feed industry. The nutritional physiology of broiler chickens requires special attention to the interactions between nutrients and antioxidant mechanisms since the stressor signals of factory farming could impair the immune status, resulting in detrimental effects on broilers’ performance. The objective of this study was to assess the inclusion of grape byproducts (grape pomace, wine lees, and stem extract) on the transcriptional profiling of genes regulating the immune system in the liver, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen. The dietary supplementation of grape byproducts rich in polyphenolic compounds decreased the mRNA levels of the predominant pro-inflammatory receptor in the liver, while in the spleen, the stem extract diet upregulated the aforementioned receptor. Upregulation of interleukin 8 was observed in the bursa of Fabricius and spleen of the stems extract-fed broilers. Although grape byproducts depicting a sustainable source of bioactive compounds with vast antioxidant potential, there were unveiled preliminary insights for immune stimulation at the transcriptional level. Abstract The valorization of vinification byproducts portrays a promising bioprocess for the enrichment of animals’ diet with bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which could regulate the immune response. Therefore, the impact of dietary grounded grape pomace (GGP), wine lees extract (WYC), and grape stem extract (PE) on the relative transcript level of immune related genes of broiler chickens were examined. Two hundred forty, one-day-old as hatched (male/female) chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to four dietary groups, with four replicate pens each with 15 birds. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 2.5% GGP, or 0.2% WYC, or 0.1% PE for 42 d. The relative expression of immune-related genes was investigated using a real-time PCR platform. The mRNA levels of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) were downregulated (p = 0.039) in the liver of broilers fed the GGP-containing diet compared to the CON, while in the spleen of PE-fed broilers, TLR4 was significantly upregulated (p = 0.043). The mRNA levels of interleukin 8 (IL8) tended to upregulate (p = 0.099) in the bursa of Fabricius and were significantly increased (p = 0.036) in the spleen of broilers fed the PE diet. Vinification byproducts depict a promising sustainable source of polyphenols for the poultry feed industry, but more research is needed under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.); (E.G.); (E.D.M.); (E.E.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Panagiotis E. Simitzis
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding & Husbandry, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiota Kyriakaki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.); (E.G.); (E.D.M.); (E.E.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Elisavet Giamouri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.); (E.G.); (E.D.M.); (E.E.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Eleni D. Myrtsi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.); (E.G.); (E.D.M.); (E.E.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Epameinondas Evergetis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.); (E.G.); (E.D.M.); (E.E.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Katiana Filippi
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (K.F.); (H.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Harris Papapostolou
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (K.F.); (H.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Sofia D. Koulocheri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.); (E.G.); (E.D.M.); (E.E.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Athanasios C. Pappas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.); (E.G.); (E.D.M.); (E.E.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (K.F.); (H.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Serkos A. Haroutounian
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.); (E.G.); (E.D.M.); (E.E.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.); (E.G.); (E.D.M.); (E.E.); (S.D.K.); (A.C.P.); (S.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2105294435; Fax: +30-2105294413
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Hasted TL, Sharif S, Boerlin P, Diarra MS. Immunostimulatory Potential of Fruits and Their Extracts in Poultry. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641696. [PMID: 34079540 PMCID: PMC8165432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of antibiotic use for growth promotion in livestock and poultry production on the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria led to the ban of this practice in the European Union in 2006 and a restriction of antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal agriculture in Canada and the United States of America. There is a high risk of infectious diseases such as necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens, and colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in antimicrobial-free broiler chickens. Thus, efficient and cost-effective methods for reducing AMU, maintaining good poultry health and reducing public health risks (food safety) are urgently needed for poultry production. Several alternative agents, including plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, have been investigated for their potential to prevent and control diseases through increasing poultry immunity. Many studies in humans reported that plant flavonoids could modulate the immune system by decreasing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, and proliferation. Fruits, especially berries, are excellent sources of flavonoids while being rich in nutrients and other functionally important molecules (vitamins and minerals). Thus, fruit byproducts or wastes could be important resources for value-added applications in poultry production. In the context of the circular economy and waste reduction, this review summarizes observed effects of fruit wastes/extracts on the general health and the immunity of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri-Lyn Hasted
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Moussa Sory Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Feher M, Fauszt P, Tolnai E, Fidler G, Pesti-Asboth G, Stagel A, Szucs I, Biro S, Remenyik J, Paholcsek M, Stundl L. Effects of phytonutrient-supplemented diets on the intestinal microbiota of Cyprinus carpio. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248537. [PMID: 33886562 PMCID: PMC8062051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the aquaculture sector, a strategy for the more efficient use of resources and proper disease control is needed to overcome the challenges of meat production worldwide. Modulation of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota is a promising approach for promoting animal health and preventing infection. This feeding experiment was conducted to discover the phytonutrient-induced changes in the gastrointestinal tract microbiota of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Acclimatized animals aged 7 months (30 weeks) were divided randomly into five experimental groups to investigate the effects of the applied feed additives. The dietary supplements were manufactured from anthocyanin-containing processing wastes from the food industry, specifically the production of Hungarian sour cherry extract, synbiotics from fermented corn, and fermentable oligosaccharides from Hungarian sweet red pepper seeds and carotenoids from Hungarian sweet red pepper pulps, applied at a dose of 1%. The gut contents of the animals were collected at four time points throughout the 6-week study period. To track the compositional and diversity changes in the microbiota of the carp intestinal tract, V3-V4 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing was performed. The growth performance of common carp juveniles was not significantly affected by supplementation of the basal diet with plant extracts. Phytonutrients improve the community diversity, increase the Clostridium and Lactobacillus abundances and decrease the abundances of potentially pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, such as Shewanella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas. The phyla Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Chlamydiae were positively correlated with the body weight, whereas Spirochaetes and Firmicutes exhibited negatively correlations with the body weight. We hypothesize that the application of phytonutrients in aquaculture settings might be a reasonable green approach for easing the usage of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Feher
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Fauszt
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Tolnai
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Fidler
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Georgina Pesti-Asboth
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Aniko Stagel
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szucs
- Institute of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sandor Biro
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Melinda Paholcsek
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail: (MP); (LS)
| | - Laszlo Stundl
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail: (MP); (LS)
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Liu Y, Jiang G, Huang X, Li C, Huang X, Zhang X, Lin Q, Liu S, Dai Q. Evaluation of serum antioxidative status, immune status and intestinal condition of Linwu duck challenged by lipopolysaccharide with various dosages and replications. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101199. [PMID: 34116351 PMCID: PMC8193623 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the dosage and replication effects of lipopolysaccharide challenges on the serum oxidative and immune status, and the intestinal morphology and permeability of Linwu ducks at the growing stage. A total of 500 54-day-old Linwu ducks were randomly assigned into 10 treatments, which included a factorial arrangement of 2 levels of LPS challenge replications (1 and 2 times) × 5 levels of lipopolysaccharide challenging dosages (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg). Each treatment consisted of 5 cages and 10 ducks per cage. The results showed significant replication effects of LPS on the body weight gain of ducks, that 2 replicates of LPS challenges significantly decreased the body weight gain than one challenge (P = 0.036). Regarding to the serum oxidative and immune status, dosage effects of lipopolysaccharide were found on the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.034) and immunoglobulin A (P = 0.007), that 0.4 mg/kg lipopolysaccharides significantly increased the levels of these 2 parameters. Additionally, replication effects were found in the serum levels of interlukin 1β, that 2 replicates of LPS challenges significantly increased the interlukin 1β levels comparing to one challenge (P = 0.010). Regarding to the intestinal conditions, dosage effects of lipopolysaccharides were found on the ratio of villus height and crypt depth (P = 0.005) in duodenum, and the wall thickness of duodenum (P = 0.010) and jejunum (P = 0.001), that lipopolysaccharides at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.8 mg/kg significantly deteriorated the intestinal morphologies, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. Moreover, the dosage effects of lipopolysaccharides and the interactions of dosages and replications significantly influenced the permeabilities of the intestinal segments (P < 0.05). It appeared that 2 replicates of lipopolysaccharides at the dosage at 0.4 mg/kg could trigger oxidative and immunological stress, and damage the intestinal morphology and permeability of Linwu ducks at the growing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guitao Jiang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Shengli Liu
- Shandong Lonct Enzymes Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qiuzhong Dai
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410131, China.
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Verediano TA, Stampini Duarte Martino H, Dias Paes MC, Tako E. Effects of Anthocyanin on Intestinal Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1331. [PMID: 33920564 PMCID: PMC8074038 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal health relies on the association between the mucosal immune system, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. Bioactive components that affect the gut microbiota composition, epithelial physical barrier and intestinal morphology were previously studied. The current systematic review evaluated evidence of anthocyanin effects and the ability to improve gut microbiota composition, their metabolites and parameters of the physical barrier; this was conducted in order to answer the question: "Does food source or extract of anthocyanin promote changes on intestinal parameters?". The data analysis was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines with the search performed at PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases for experimental studies, and the risk of bias was assessed by the SYRCLE tool. Twenty-seven studies performed in animal models were included, and evaluated for limitations in heterogeneity, methodologies, absence of information regarding allocation process and investigators' blinding. The data were analyzed, and the anthocyanin supplementation demonstrated positive effects on intestinal health. The main results identified were an increase of Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Firmicutes, an increase of short chain fatty acids production, a decrease of intestinal pH and intestinal permeability, an increase of the number of goblet cells and tight junction proteins and villi improvement in length or height. Thus, the anthocyanin supplementation has a potential effect to improve the intestinal health. PROSPERO (CRD42020204835).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaísa Agrizzi Verediano
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil; (T.A.V.); (H.S.D.M.)
| | | | | | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Abstract
Effects of nutraceuticals on the intestinal microbiota are receiving increased attention; however, there are few studies investigating their effects on broiler meat production. The aim of this study was to implement feeding strategies and carry out a comprehensive trial examining the interplay between natural biologically active compounds such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, fermentable oligosaccharides, and synbiotics and the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Our feeding program was applied to an intensive production system with a flock of 1,080 Ross 308 broilers. Aging induced significant changes through the feeding experiment. Nutraceuticals were shown to modulate broiler intestinal diversity and differentially enriched Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Campylobacter, and Streptococcus in the core microbiome during the different stages of broiler rearing. Additionally, they did not remarkably affect animal growth performance; nevertheless, a positive correlation was found between body weight and Corynebacteriales and Pseudomonadales. Furthermore, a diet high in carotenoid, fermentable oligosaccharide, and anthocyanin contents affected the number of beneficial genera such as Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Blautia, and Ruminococcus. With this comprehensive trial, we revealed that nutraceuticals induced modulations in broiler gastrointestinal tract microbiota. We believe that plant-derived immunostimulants, recycled from plant food waste products, can supplement antibiotic-free broiler meat production. IMPORTANCE In this trial, nutraceuticals were manufactured from waste products of food industry processing of Hungarian red sweet pepper and sour cherry and incorporated into the diet of poultry to investigate their effects on broilers’ growth and the broiler gastrointestinal tract microbiota. To avoid the generation of food waste products, we believe that this approach can be developed into a sustainable, green approach that can be implemented in commercial antibiotic-free poultry to provide safe and high-quality meat.
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32
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Das Q, Tang J, Yin X, Ross K, Warriner K, Marcone MF, Diarra MS. Organic cranberry pomace and its ethanolic extractives as feed supplement in broiler: impacts on serum Ig titers, liver and bursal immunity. Poult Sci 2020; 100:517-526. [PMID: 33518104 PMCID: PMC7858021 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the pressure to reduce antibiotics use in poultry production, cost-effective alternative products need to be developed to enhance the bird's immunity. The present study evaluated the efficacy of cranberry fruit by-products to modulate immunity in broiler chickens. Broiler Cobb 500 chicks were fed a control basal diet, basal diet supplemented with bacitracin (BACI, 55 ppm), cranberry pomace at 1% and 2% (CP2), or cranberry pomace ethanolic extract at 150 and 300 ppm (COH300) for 30 d. Blood sera were analyzed at days 21 and 28 of age for Ig levels by ELISA. The innate and adaptive immune-related gene expression levels in the liver and bursa of Fabricius were investigated at 21 d of age by quantitative polymerase chain reaction arrays. At day 21, the highest IgY level was found in the blood serum of the CP2-fed birds. In the liver, 13 of the 22 differentially expressed genes were downregulated across all treatments compared with the control. Expression of genes belonging to innate immunity such as caspase 1 apoptosis–related cysteine peptidase, chemokine receptor 5, interferon gamma, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, and Toll-like receptor 3 were significantly downregulated mainly in BACI- and COH300-fed birds. In the bursa, 5 of 9 genes associated with the innate immunity were differentially expressed. The expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene was upregulated in all treatment groups in bursa compared with the control. The expression of transferrin gene was significantly upregulated in livers of birds fed COH300 and in bursa of birds fed BACI, indicating feeding practices and organ-dependant modulation of this gene in broiler. Overall results of this study showed that cranberry product feed supplementation modulated the innate immune and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines in broilers, providing a platform for future investigations to develop berry products in poultry feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quail Das
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada N1G 2W1; Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Joshua Tang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Xianhua Yin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Kelly Ross
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
| | - Keith Warriner
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Massimo F Marcone
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.
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