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Di Lorenzo R, Chimienti G, Picca A, Trisolini L, Latronico T, Liuzzi GM, Pesce V, Leuweenburgh C, Lezza AMS. Resveratrol impinges on retrograde communication without inducing mitochondrial biogenesis in aged rat soleus muscle. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112485. [PMID: 38876448 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The natural polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) might counteract the skeletal muscle age-related loss of muscle mass and strength/function partly acting on mitochondria. This work analysed the effects of a six-week administration of RSV (50 mg/kg/day) in the oxidative Soleus (Sol) skeletal muscle of old rats (27 months old). RSV effects on key mitochondrial biogenesis proteins led to un unchanged amount of SIRT1 protein and a marked decrease (60 %) in PGC-1α protein. In addition, Peroxyredoxin 3 (PRXIII) protein decreased by 50 %, which on overall suggested the absence of induction of mitochondrial biogenesis by RSV in old Sol. A novel direct correlation between PGC-1α and PRXIII proteins was demonstrated by correlation analysis in RSV and ad-libitum (AL) rats, supporting the reciprocally coordinated expression of the proteins. RSV supplementation led to an unexpected 50 % increase in the frequency of the oxidized base OH8dG in mtDNA. Furthermore, RSV supplementation induced a 50 % increase in the DRP1 protein of mitochondrial dynamics. In both rat groups an inverse correlation between PGC-1α and the frequency of OH8dG as well as an inverse correlation between PRXIII and the frequency of OH8dG were also found, suggestive of a relationship between oxidative damage to mtDNA and mitochondrial biogenesis activity. Such results may indicate that the antioxidant activity of RSV in aged Sol impinged on the oxidative fiber-specific, ROS-mediated, retrograde communication, thereby affecting the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α and PRXIII, reducing the compensatory responses to the age-related mitochondrial oxidative stress and decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Lorenzo
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Guglielmina Chimienti
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Lucia Trisolini
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Christiaan Leuweenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Angela Maria Serena Lezza
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Sun L, Xiao Y, San W, Chen Y, Meng G. Dihydromyricetin regulates RIPK3-CaMKII to prevent necroptosis in high glucose-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28921. [PMID: 38596141 PMCID: PMC11002228 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one common cardiovascular complication without effective treatments. Dihydromyricetin (DHY), a natural dihydroflavonol compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, possesses versatile pharmacologically important effects. In our current research, we planned to evaluate the impact and probable DHY mechanisms in high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocytes. Methods Primary cardiomyocytes were pretreated with different concentrations of DHY (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 μM) for various time (0, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h). They were then stimulated for 48 h with 5.5 mmol/L normal glucose (NG) and 33.3 mmol/L high glucose (HG). Cell viability, adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) levels, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of cardiomyocytes were detected. JC-1 staining was employed to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential. MitoSOX staining and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining were applied to evaluate the oxidative stress levels. TDT mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to measure apoptotic levels. Expressions of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), phospholamban (PLB), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), caspase 3, mixed kinase lineage domain like protein (MLKL), receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), and receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) were detected by immunofluorescence and/or Western blot. Results DHY improved cell viability, enhanced ATP level, and decreased LDH content in HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes, suggesting DHY attenuating cell injury. DHY reduced number of TUNEL positive cells, inhibited RIPK3 and cleaved-caspase 3 expression, implying DHY alleviated necroptosis in HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes. DHY diminished JC-1 monomers, DHE and MitoSOX fluorescence intensity as well as DRP1 expression but increased JC-1 aggregates intensity and OPA1 expression, indicating that DHY attenuated oxidative stress in HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes. DHY also attenuated CaMKII activity by suppressed PLB phosphorylation and inhibited CaMKII oxidation in HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Conclusions HG-induced cardiomyocytes injury was alleviated wherein DHY attenuated necroptosis, repressed ROS production, and inhibited CaMKII oxidation, suggesting that DHY may serve as potential agent to prevent and treat diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yujiao Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, China
| | - Wenqing San
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Pan S, Yang L, Zhong W, Wang H, Lan Y, Chen Q, Yu S, Yang F, Yan P, Peng H, Liu X, Gao X, Song J. Integrated analyses revealed the potential role and immune link of mitochondrial dysfunction between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111796. [PMID: 38452412 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
There is a reciprocal comorbid relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) could be the key driver underlying this comorbidity. The aim of this study is to provide novel understandings into the potential molecular mechanisms between MD and the comorbidity, and identify potential therapeutic targets for personalized clinical management. MD-related differentially expressed genes (MDDEGs) were identified. Enrichment analyses and PPI network analysis were then conducted. Six algorithms were used to explore the hub MDDEGs, and these were validated by ROC analysis and qRT-PCR. Co-expression and potential drug targeting analyses were then performed. Potential biomarkers were identified using LASSO regression. The immunocyte infiltration levels in periodontitis and T2DM were evaluated via CIBERSORTx and validated in mouse models. Subsequently, MD-related immune-related genes (MDIRGs) were screened by WGCNA. The in vitro experiment verified that MD was closely associated with this comorbidity. GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the connection between periodontitis and T2DM was mainly enriched in immuno-inflammatory pathways. In total, 116 MDDEGs, eight hub MDDEGs, and two biomarkers were identified. qRT-PCR revealed a distinct hub MDDEG expression pattern in the comorbidity group. Altered immunocytes in disease samples were identified, and their correlations were explored. The in vivo examination revealed higher infiltration levels of inflammatory immunocytes. The findings of this study provide insight into the mechanism underlying the gene-mitochondria-immunocyte network and provide a novel reference for future research into the function of mitochondria in periodontitis and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Pan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - LanXin Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - He Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Yuyan Lan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Qiyue Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Simin Yu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Fengze Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Pingping Yan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Houli Peng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
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Ademowo OS, Oyebode O, Edward R, Conway ME, Griffiths HR, Dias IHK. Effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:65-74. [PMID: 38385583 PMCID: PMC10903474 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant status, favouring the pro-oxidant state is a result of increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inadequate antioxidant protection. ROS are produced through several mechanisms in cells including during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Increased mitochondrial-derived ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, an early event in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's diseases (ADs) and in metabolic disorders including diabetes. AD post-mortem investigations of affected brain regions have shown the accumulation of oxidative damage to macromolecules, and oxidative stress has been considered an important contributor to disease pathology. An increase in oxidative stress, which leads to increased levels of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and other ROS in a potentially vicious cycle is both causative and a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be ameliorated by molecules with antioxidant capacities that accumulate in mitochondria such as carotenoids. However, the role of carotenoids in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction is not fully understood. A better understanding of the role of antioxidants in mitochondrial function is a promising lead towards the development of novel and effective treatment strategies for age-related diseases. This review evaluates and summarises some of the latest developments and insights into the effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction with a focus on the antioxidant properties of carotenoids. The mitochondria-protective role of carotenoids may be key in therapeutic strategies and targeting the mitochondria ROS is emerging in drug development for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Stella Ademowo
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Olubukola Oyebode
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Roshita Edward
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Myra E Conway
- Biomedical and Clinical Science Research, School of Sciences, University of Derby, Derby U.K
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham U.K
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Gnaiger E. Complex II ambiguities-FADH 2 in the electron transfer system. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105470. [PMID: 38118236 PMCID: PMC10772739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing notion that reduced cofactors NADH and FADH2 transfer electrons from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the mitochondrial electron transfer system creates ambiguities regarding respiratory Complex II (CII). CII is the only membrane-bound enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is part of the electron transfer system of the mitochondrial inner membrane feeding electrons into the coenzyme Q-junction. The succinate dehydrogenase subunit SDHA of CII oxidizes succinate and reduces the covalently bound prosthetic group FAD to FADH2 in the canonical forward tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, several graphical representations of the electron transfer system depict FADH2 in the mitochondrial matrix as a substrate to be oxidized by CII. This leads to the false conclusion that FADH2 from the β-oxidation cycle in fatty acid oxidation feeds electrons into CII. In reality, dehydrogenases of fatty acid oxidation channel electrons to the Q-junction but not through CII. The ambiguities surrounding Complex II in the literature and educational resources call for quality control, to secure scientific standards in current communications of bioenergetics, and ultimately support adequate clinical applications. This review aims to raise awareness of the inherent ambiguity crisis, complementing efforts to address the well-acknowledged issues of credibility and reproducibility.
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Wang L, Rivas R, Wilson A, Park YM, Walls S, Yu T, Miller AC. Dose-Dependent Effects of Radiation on Mitochondrial Morphology and Clonogenic Cell Survival in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38201243 PMCID: PMC10778067 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To better understand radiation-induced organ dysfunction at both high and low doses, it is critical to understand how endothelial cells (ECs) respond to radiation. The impact of irradiation (IR) on ECs varies depending on the dose administered. High doses can directly damage ECs, leading to EC impairment. In contrast, the effects of low doses on ECs are subtle but more complex. Low doses in this study refer to radiation exposure levels that are below those that cause immediate and necrotic damage. Mitochondria are the primary cellular components affected by IR, and this study explored their role in determining the effect of radiation on microvascular endothelial cells. Human dermal microvascular ECs (HMEC-1) were exposed to varying IR doses ranging from 0.1 Gy to 8 Gy (~0.4 Gy/min) in the AFRRI 60-Cobalt facility. Results indicated that high doses led to a dose-dependent reduction in cell survival, which can be attributed to factors such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, low doses induced a small but significant increase in cell survival, and this was achieved without detectable DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, or mitochondrial dysfunction in HMEC-1. Moreover, the mitochondrial morphology was assessed, revealing that all doses increased the percentage of elongated mitochondria, with low doses (0.25 Gy and 0.5 Gy) having a greater effect than high doses. However, only high doses caused an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation/swelling. The study further revealed that low doses induced mitochondrial elongation, likely via an increase in mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (Mfn1), while high doses caused mitochondrial fragmentation via a decrease in optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1). In conclusion, the study suggests, for the first time, that changes in mitochondrial morphology are likely involved in the mechanism for the radiation dose-dependent effect on the survival of microvascular endothelial cells. This research, by delineating the specific mechanisms through which radiation affects endothelial cells, offers invaluable insights into the potential impact of radiation exposure on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
| | - Rafael Rivas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Angelo Wilson
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yu Min Park
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Shannon Walls
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Miller
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
- Department of Radiation Science and Radiology, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Yegambaram M, Sun X, Flores AG, Lu Q, Soto J, Richards J, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Gu H, Fineman JR, Black SM. Novel Relationship between Mitofusin 2-Mediated Mitochondrial Hyperfusion, Metabolic Remodeling, and Glycolysis in Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17533. [PMID: 38139362 PMCID: PMC10744129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been identified in cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH), ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is abundantly expressed in heart and pulmonary vasculature cells at the outer mitochondrial membrane to modulate fusion. Previously, we have reported reduced levels of Mfn2 and fragmented mitochondria in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) isolated from a sheep model of PH induced by pulmonary over-circulation and restoring Mfn2 normalized mitochondrial function. In this study, we assessed the effect of increased expression of Mfn2 on mitochondrial metabolism, bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial membrane potential in control PAECs. Using an adenoviral expression system to overexpress Mfn2 in PAECs and utilizing 13C labeled substrates, we assessed the levels of TCA cycle metabolites. We identified increased pyruvate and lactate production in cells, revealing a glycolytic phenotype (Warburg phenotype). Mfn2 overexpression decreased the mitochondrial ATP production rate, increased the rate of glycolytic ATP production, and disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics. The increase in glycolysis was linked to increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels, elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS), and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Our data suggest that disrupting the mitochondrial fusion/fission balance to favor hyperfusion leads to a metabolic shift that promotes aerobic glycolysis. Thus, therapies designed to increase mitochondrial fusion should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jamie Soto
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Jaime Richards
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
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Lazzeri G, Biagioni F, Ferrucci M, Puglisi-Allegra S, Lenzi P, Busceti CL, Giannessi F, Fornai F. The Relevance of Autophagy within Inner Ear in Baseline Conditions and Tinnitus-Related Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16664. [PMID: 38068993 PMCID: PMC10706730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of noise in the absence of acoustic stimulation (phantom noise). In most patients suffering from chronic peripheral tinnitus, an alteration of outer hair cells (OHC) starting from the stereocilia (SC) occurs. This is common following ototoxic drugs, sound-induced ototoxicity, and acoustic degeneration. In all these conditions, altered coupling between the tectorial membrane (TM) and OHC SC is described. The present review analyzes the complex interactions involving OHC and TM. These need to be clarified to understand which mechanisms may underlie the onset of tinnitus and why the neuropathology of chronic degenerative tinnitus is similar, independent of early triggers. In fact, the fine neuropathology of tinnitus features altered mechanisms of mechanic-electrical transduction (MET) at the level of OHC SC. The appropriate coupling between OHC SC and TM strongly depends on autophagy. The involvement of autophagy may encompass degenerative and genetic tinnitus, as well as ototoxic drugs and acoustic trauma. Defective autophagy explains mitochondrial alterations and altered protein handling within OHC and TM. This is relevant for developing novel treatments that stimulate autophagy without carrying the burden of severe side effects. Specific phytochemicals, such as curcumin and berberin, acting as autophagy activators, may mitigate the neuropathology of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lazzeri
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy; (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy; (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy; (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Francesco Giannessi
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, PI, Italy; (G.L.); (M.F.); (P.L.); (F.G.)
- IRCCS, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy; (F.B.); (S.P.-A.); (C.L.B.)
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Fu RH. Pectolinarigenin Improves Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Mouse NSC-34 Motor Neuron Cell Lines Induced by C9-ALS-Associated Proline-Arginine Dipeptide Repeat Proteins by Enhancing Mitochondrial Fusion Mediated via the SIRT3/OPA1 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2008. [PMID: 38001861 PMCID: PMC10669908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is considered a fatal progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MN) caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. There are currently no treatments available. The most common inherited form of ALS is the C9orf72 mutation (C9-ALS). The proline-arginine dipeptide repeat protein (PR-DPR) produced by C9-ALS has been confirmed to be a functionally acquired pathogenic factor that can cause increased ROS, mitochondrial defects, and apoptosis in motor neurons. Pectolinarigenin (PLG) from the traditional medicinal herb Linaria vulgaris has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. I established a mouse NSC-34 motor neuron cell line model expressing PR-DPR and confirmed the neuroprotective effect of PLG. The results showed that ROS production and apoptosis caused by PR-DPR could be improved by PLG treatment. In terms of mechanism research, PR-DPR inhibited the activity of the mitochondrial fusion proteins OPA1 and mitofusin 2. Conversely, the expression of fission protein fission 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) increased. However, PLG treatment reversed these effects. Furthermore, I found that PLG increased the expression and deacetylation of OPA1. Deacetylation of OPA1 enhances mitochondrial fusion and resistance to apoptosis. Finally, transfection with Sirt3 small interfering RNA abolished the neuroprotective effects of PLG. In summary, the mechanism by which PLG alleviates PR-DPR toxicity is mainly achieved by activating the SIRT3/OPA1 axis to regulate the balance of mitochondrial dynamics. Taken together, the potential of PLG in preclinical studies for C9-ALS drug development deserves further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-422052121-12486
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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