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Pinilla-González V, Rojas-Solé C, Gómez-Hevia F, González-Fernández T, Cereceda-Cornejo A, Chichiarelli S, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Tapping into Nature's Arsenal: Harnessing the Potential of Natural Antioxidants for Human Health and Disease Prevention. Foods 2024; 13:1999. [PMID: 38998505 PMCID: PMC11241326 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural antioxidants commonly found in our daily diet have demonstrated significant benefits for human health and various diseases by counteracting the impact of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Their chemical properties enable a range of biological actions, including antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anticancer effects. Despite promising outcomes from preclinical studies, ongoing debate persists regarding their reproducibility in human clinical models. This controversy largely stems from a lack of understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds, coupled with the predominant focus on monotherapies in research, neglecting potential synergistic effects arising from combining different antioxidants. This study aims to provide an updated overview of natural antioxidants, operating under the hypothesis that a multitherapeutic approach surpasses monotherapy in efficacy. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of integrating these antioxidants into the daily diet, as they have the potential to prevent the onset and progression of various diseases. To reinforce this perspective, clinical findings pertaining to the treatment and prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and conditions associated with ischemia and reperfusion phenomena, including myocardial infarction, postoperative atrial fibrillation, and stroke, are presented as key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Pinilla-González
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Catalina Rojas-Solé
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Francisca Gómez-Hevia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Tommy González-Fernández
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Antonia Cereceda-Cornejo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.P.-G.); (C.R.-S.); (F.G.-H.); (T.G.-F.); (A.C.-C.)
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Somsri A, Chu SH, Nawade B, Lee CY, Park YJ. Harnessing γ-TMT Genetic Variations and Haplotypes for Vitamin E Diversity in the Korean Rice Collection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:234. [PMID: 38397832 PMCID: PMC10886147 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-TMT), a key gene in the vitamin E biosynthesis pathway, significantly influences the accumulation of tocochromanols, thereby determining rice nutritional quality. In our study, we analyzed the γ-TMT gene in 475 Korean rice accessions, uncovering 177 genetic variants, including 138 SNPs and 39 InDels. Notably, two functional SNPs, tmt-E2-28,895,665-G/A and tmt-E4-28,896,689-A/G, were identified, causing substitutions from valine to isoleucine and arginine to glycine, respectively, across 93 accessions. A positive Tajima's D value in the indica group suggests a signature of balancing selection. Haplotype analysis revealed 27 haplotypes, with two shared between cultivated and wild accessions, seven specific to cultivated accessions, and 18 unique to wild types. Further, profiling of vitamin E isomers in 240 accessions and their association with haplotypes revealed that Hap_2, distinguished by an SNP in the 3' UTR (tmt-3UTR-28,897,360-T/A) exhibited significantly lower α-tocopherol (AT), α-tocotrienol (AT3), total tocopherol, and total tocotrienol, but higher γ-tocopherol (GT) in the japonica group. Additionally, in the indica group, Hap_2 showed significantly higher AT, AT3, and total tocopherol, along with lower GT and γ-tocotrienol, compared to Hap_19, Hap_20, and Hap_21. Overall, this study highlights the genetic landscape of γ-TMT and provides a valuable genetic resource for haplotype-based breeding programs aimed at enhancing nutritional profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aueangporn Somsri
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (S.-H.C.); (B.N.)
| | - Sang-Ho Chu
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (S.-H.C.); (B.N.)
| | - Bhagwat Nawade
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (S.-H.C.); (B.N.)
| | - Chang-Yong Lee
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Jin Park
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea; (A.S.); (S.-H.C.); (B.N.)
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3
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Trugilho L, Alvarenga L, Cardozo LF, Barboza I, Leite M, Fouque D, Mafra D. Vitamin E and conflicting understandings in noncommunicable diseases: Is it worth supplementing? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:343-354. [PMID: 38220396 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble nutrient found mainly in vegetable oils and oilseeds. It is divided into eight homologous compounds; however, only α-tocopherol exhibits vitamin activity. Many advantages are related to these compounds, including cellular protection through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and improving lipid metabolism. Physiopathology of many diseases incepts with reduced antioxidant defense, characterized by an increased reactive oxygen species production and activation of transcription factors involved in inflammation, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), that can be linked to oxidative stress. Moreover, disorders of lipid metabolism can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, intestinal dysbiosis plays a vital role in developing chronic non-communicable diseases. In this regard, vitamin E can be considered to mitigate those disorders, but data still needs to be more conclusive. This narrative review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of action of vitamin E and if supplementation can be beneficial in a disease scenario regarding non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Trugilho
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Fmf Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isis Barboza
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maurilo Leite
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hopitalier Lyon Sud, INSERM 1060, CENS, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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4
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Cosgarea R, Sculean A, Doerfer C. Can vitamins improve periodontal wound healing/regeneration? Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:539-602. [PMID: 37592831 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex inflammatory disorder of the tooth supporting structures, associated with microbial dysbiosis, and linked to a number if systemic conditions. Untreated it can result in an irreversible damage to the periodontal structures and eventually teeth loss. Regeneration of the lost periodontium requires an orchestration of a number of biological events on cellular and molecular level. In this context, a set of vitamins have been advocated, relying their beneficial physiological effects, to endorse the biological regenerative events of the periodontium on cellular and molecular levels. The aim of the present article is to elaborate on the question whether or not vitamins improve wound healing/regeneration, summarizing the current evidence from in vitro, animal and clinical studies, thereby shedding light on the knowledge gap in this field and highlighting future research needs. Although the present review demonstrates the current heterogeneity in the available evidence and knowledge gaps, findings suggest that vitamins, especially A, B, E, and CoQ10, as well as vitamin combinations, could exert positive attributes on the periodontal outcomes in adjunct to surgical or nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Raluca Cosgarea
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases, Philips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, University Iuliu-Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christof Doerfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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5
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Wu Z, Li Y, Qiu H, Long S, Zhao X, Wang Y, Guo X, Baitelenova A, Qiu C. Comparative Assessment of Lignan, Tocopherol, Tocotrienol and Carotenoids in 40 Selected Varieties of Flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.). Foods 2023; 12:4250. [PMID: 38231648 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple varieties of flaxseeds have been identified in the world, yet the relationship between these varieties, their agronomic traits, and their seeds' quality remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the level of lignan, vitamins and carotenoids in 40 selected flaxseed varieties, and the relationship between varieties, agronomic traits, and seed quality was investigated. In this study, notably, fiber flax variety No. 225 exhibited the highest lignan content among all tested seeds. Additionally, oil variety No. 167 demonstrated the highest level of α-tocotrienol (α-T3), β-tocopherol (β-T), γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3), and β-carotene (β-Car.). Conversely, intermediate flax variety No. 16 displayed the highest content of α-tocopherol (α-T), but lowest content of lutein (Lut.), zeaxanthin (Zea.), β-carotene (β-Car.), and total carotenoids (Total Car.). Furthermore, a correlation was observed between petal color with the lignan, while a strong correlation has been explored in seed yield, seed type, plant natural height, and fiber content in straw. Nevertheless, further investigation is required to elucidate the internal relationship between varieties with compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yazhi Li
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Huajiao Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Songhua Long
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xinlin Zhao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yufu Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Aliya Baitelenova
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, S.Seifullina Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Caisheng Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
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Chu D, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Fang C, Xu X, Yuan J, Zhang J, Tian Z, Wang G. Genome-wide scan for oil quality reveals a coregulation mechanism of tocopherols and fatty acids in soybean seeds. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100598. [PMID: 37029487 PMCID: PMC10504561 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols (vitamin E) play essential roles in human health because of their antioxidant activity, and plant-derived oils are the richest sources of tocopherols in the human diet. Although soybean (Glycine max) is one of the main sources of plant-derived oil and tocopherol in the world, the relationship between tocopherol and oil in soybean seeds remains unclear. Here, we focus on dissecting tocopherol metabolism with the long-term goal of increasing α-tocopherol content and soybean oil quality. We first collected tocopherol and fatty acid profiles in a soybean population (>800 soybean accessions) and found that tocopherol content increased during soybean domestication. A strong positive correlation between tocopherol and oil content was also detected. Five tocopherol pathway-related loci were identified using a metabolite genome-wide association study strategy. Genetic variations in three tocopherol pathway genes were responsible for total tocopherol content and composition in the soybean population through effects on enzyme activity, mainly caused by non-conserved amino acid substitution or changes in gene transcription level. Moreover, the fatty acid regulatory transcription factor GmZF351 directly activated tocopherol pathway gene expression, increasing both fatty acid and tocopherol contents in soybean seeds. Our study reveals the functional differentiation of tocopherol pathway genes in soybean populations and provides a framework for development of new soybean varieties with high α-tocopherol content and oil quality in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xindan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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Mironeasa S, Coţovanu I, Mironeasa C, Ungureanu-Iuga M. A Review of the Changes Produced by Extrusion Cooking on the Bioactive Compounds from Vegetal Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37507991 PMCID: PMC10376774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for healthy ready-to-eat foods like snacks is increasing. Physical modification of vegetal food matrices through extrusion generates significant changes in the chemical composition of the final product. There is a great variety of food matrices that can be used in extrusion, most of them being based on cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, or seeds. The aim of this review was to summarize the main effects of the extrusion process on the bioactive compounds content, namely phenolics, terpenes, vitamins, minerals, and fibers of vegetal mixes, as well as on their biological activity. The literature reported contradictory results regarding the changes in bioactive compounds after extrusion, mainly due to the differences in the processing conditions, chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and nutritional value of the extruded material and quantification methods. The thermolabile phenolics and vitamins were negatively affected by extrusion, while the fiber content was proved to be enhanced. Further research is needed regarding the interactions between bioactive components during extrusion, as well as a more detailed analysis of the impact of extrusion on the terpenes since there are few papers dealing with this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mironeasa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Ionica Coţovanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Costel Mironeasa
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive and Robotics, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mădălina Ungureanu-Iuga
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Mountain Economy Center (CE-MONT), "Costin C. Kiriţescu" National Institute of Economic Researches (INCE), Romanian Academy, 49 Petreni Street, 725700 Vatra Dornei, Romania
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Hornbergs J, Montag K, Loschwitz J, Mohr I, Poschmann G, Schnake A, Gratz R, Brumbarova T, Eutebach M, Angrand K, Fink-Straube C, Stühler K, Zeier J, Hartmann L, Strodel B, Ivanov R, Bauer P. SEC14-GOLD protein PATELLIN2 binds IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 linking root iron uptake to vitamin E. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:504-526. [PMID: 36493393 PMCID: PMC10152663 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organisms require micronutrients, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) is essential for iron (Fe2+) acquisition into root cells. Uptake of reactive Fe2+ exposes cells to the risk of membrane lipid peroxidation. Surprisingly little is known about how this is avoided. IRT1 activity is controlled by an intracellular variable region (IRT1vr) that acts as a regulatory protein interaction platform. Here, we describe that IRT1vr interacted with peripheral plasma membrane SEC14-Golgi dynamics (SEC14-GOLD) protein PATELLIN2 (PATL2). SEC14 proteins bind lipophilic substrates and transport or present them at the membrane. To date, no direct roles have been attributed to SEC14 proteins in Fe import. PATL2 affected root Fe acquisition responses, interacted with ROS response proteins in roots, and alleviated root lipid peroxidation. PATL2 had high affinity in vitro for the major lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E compound α-tocopherol. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insight into energetic constraints and the orientation and stability of the PATL2-ligand interaction in atomic detail. Hence, this work highlights a compelling mechanism connecting vitamin E with root metal ion transport at the plasma membrane with the participation of an IRT1-interacting and α-tocopherol-binding SEC14 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Hornbergs
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Karolin Montag
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jennifer Loschwitz
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Inga Mohr
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Anika Schnake
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Regina Gratz
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | | | - Monique Eutebach
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Kalina Angrand
- Department of Biosciences-Plant Biology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Kai Stühler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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9
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Ma G, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Gao Y, Li Q, Yu X. Antioxidant properties of lipid concomitants in edible oils: A review. Food Chem 2023; 422:136219. [PMID: 37148851 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible oils are indispensable for human life, providing energy and necessary fatty acids. Nevertheless, they are vulnerable to oxidation via a number of different mechanisms. Essential nutrients deteriorate as well as toxic substances are produced when edible oils are oxidized; thus, they should be retarded wherever possible. Lipid concomitants have a strong antioxidant capacity and are a large class of biologically active chemical substances in edible oils. They have shown remarkable antioxidant properties and were documented to improve the quality of edible oils in varied ways. An overview of the antioxidant properties of the polar, non-polar, and amphiphilic lipid concomitants present in edible oils is provided in this review. Interactions among various lipid concomitants and the probable mechanisms are also elucidated. This review may provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for food industry practitioners and researchers to understand the underlying cause of variations in the quality of edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiqin Ma
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuefan Li
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiuzhu Yu
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Functional Oil Engineering Technology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China.
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10
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Górnaś P, Lācis G, Mišina I, Ikase L. Tocopherols in Cultivated Apple Malus sp. Seeds: Composition, Variability and Specificity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1169. [PMID: 36904029 PMCID: PMC10007172 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of 111 Malus sp. different fruit use (dessert and cider apples) cultivars/genotypes developed in 18 countries were analysed to evaluate composition of tocopherol homologues and identify crop-specific profile, including diploid, triploid, and tetraploid apple cultivars with and without scab-resistance to ensure high genetic diversity. The percentage of individual tocopherols was as follows: alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) (38.36%), beta-tocopherol (beta-T) (40.74%), gamma-tocopherol (gamma-T) (10.93%), and delta-tocopherol (delta-T) (9.97%), represented by average measurements of 17.48, 18.56, 4.98, and 4.54 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. The values of the variation coefficient showed high variability for delta (0.695) and gamma (0.662) homologue content, whereas measurements of alpha-T and beta-T were less variable (coefficient of variation 0.203 and 0.256, respectively). The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) revealed three main cultivar groups characterised by almost equal content of all four tocopherol homologues (Group I), high concentrations of alpha-T and beta-T, but very low content of gamma-T and delta-T (Group II), and relatively high average content of alpha-T and beta-T, but higher gamma-T and delta-T content (Group III). Specific tocopherol homologues showed association with certain valuable traits, such as harvesting time (total content of tocopherols) and resistance to apple scab (alpha-T and total content of tocopherols). This study represents the first large-scale tocopherol homologue (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) screening in apple seeds. The dominant tocopherol homologues in cultivated apple cultivars are alpha-T and beta-T, with the prevalence of alpha-T or beta-T depending on genotype. It is a unique finding due to the rare occurrence of beta-T in the plant world and is considered a unique feature of the species.
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11
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Jia Y, Xu M, Hu H, Chapman B, Watt C, Buerte B, Han N, Zhu M, Bian H, Li C, Zeng Z. Comparative gene retention analysis in barley, wild emmer, and bread wheat pangenome lines reveals factors affecting gene retention following gene duplication. BMC Biol 2023; 21:25. [PMID: 36747211 PMCID: PMC9903521 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene duplication is a prevalent phenomenon and a major driving force underlying genome evolution. The process leading to the fixation of gene duplicates following duplication is critical to understand how genome evolves but remains fragmentally understood. Most previous studies on gene retention are based on gene duplicate analyses in single reference genome. No population-based comparative gene retention analysis has been performed to date. RESULTS Taking advantage of recently published genomic data in Triticeae, we dissected a divergent homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT2) lineage caught in the middle stage of gene fixation following duplication. The presence/absence of HPT2 in barley (diploid), wild emmer (tetraploid), and bread wheat (hexaploid) pangenome lines appears to be associated with gene dosage constraint and environmental adaption. Based on these observations, we adopted a phylogeny-based orthology inference approach and performed comparative gene retention analyses across barley, wild emmer, and bread wheat. This led to the identification of 326 HPT2-pattern-like genes at whole genome scale, representing a pool of gene duplicates in the middle stage of gene fixation. Majority of these HPT2-pattern-like genes were identified as small-scale duplicates, such as dispersed, tandem, and proximal duplications. Natural selection analyses showed that HPT2-pattern-like genes have experienced relaxed selection pressure, which is generally accompanied with partial positive selection and transcriptional divergence. Functional enrichment analyses showed that HPT2-pattern-like genes are over-represented with molecular-binding and defense response functions, supporting the potential role of environmental adaption during gene retention. We also observed that gene duplicates from larger gene family are more likely to be lost, implying a gene dosage constraint effect. Further comparative gene retention analysis in barley and bread wheat pangenome lines revealed combined effects of species-specific selection and gene dosage constraint. CONCLUSIONS Comparative gene retention analyses at the population level support gene dosage constraint, environmental adaption, and species-specific selection as three factors that may affect gene retention following gene duplication. Our findings shed light on the evolutionary process leading to the retention of newly formed gene duplicates and will greatly improve our understanding on genome evolution via duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jia
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Crop Genetic Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Mingrui Xu
- grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Haifei Hu
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Crop Genetic Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Brett Chapman
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Crop Genetic Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Calum Watt
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia ,grid.516230.30000 0005 0233 6218Intergrain Pty Ltd, Bibra Lake, WA 6163 Australia
| | - B. Buerte
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ning Han
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Muyuan Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetic Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia. .,Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia. .,Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3-Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia.
| | - Zhanghui Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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12
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Morelli L, García Romañach L, Glauser G, Shanmugabalaji V, Kessler F, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Nutritional Enrichment of Plant Leaves by Combining Genes Promoting Tocopherol Biosynthesis and Storage. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020193. [PMID: 36837812 PMCID: PMC9965820 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The enrichment of plant tissues in tocochromanols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) is an important biotechnological goal due to their vitamin E and antioxidant properties. Improvements based on stimulating tocochromanol biosynthesis have repeatedly been achieved, however, enhancing sequestering and storage in plant plastids remains virtually unexplored. We previously showed that leaf chloroplasts can be converted into artificial chromoplasts with a proliferation of plastoglobules by overexpression of the bacterial crtB gene. Here we combined coexpression of crtB with genes involved in tocopherol biosynthesis to investigate the potential of artificial leaf chromoplasts for vitamin E accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We show that this combination improves tocopherol levels compared to controls without crtB and confirm that VTE1, VTE5, VTE6 and tyrA genes are useful to increase the total tocopherol levels, while VTE4 further leads to enrichment in α-tocopherol (the tocochromanol showing highest vitamin E activity). Additionally, we show that treatments that further promote plastoglobule formation (e.g., exposure to intense light or dark-induced senescence) result in even higher improvements in the tocopherol content of the leaves. An added advantage of our strategy is that it also results in increased levels of other related plastidial isoprenoids such as carotenoids (provitamin A) and phylloquinones (vitamin K1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (M.R.-C.)
| | - Laura García Romañach
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (M.R.-C.)
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13
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Comparative Assessment of Functional Components and Antioxidant Activities between Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and H. tibetana Berries in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020341. [PMID: 36673433 PMCID: PMC9858552 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the main production area of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis (Rha) and H. tibetana (Tib), but studies on the types and contents of soluble sugars, organic acids, free phenolics, bound phenolics, vitamin C (VC), tocopherol (VE) and carotenoids of the two sea buckthorn berries from this region have not been reported. In this paper, we found that the soluble sugars in Rha and Tib were mainly glucose and fructose; Rha exhibited a higher content of total sugar and fructose compared to Tib. The organic acids were mainly quinic acid and malic acid; Rha exhibited a higher content of total acids and quinic acid, but lower tartaric acid and citric acid compared to Tib. Rha also possessed a higher total (free and bound) phenolic as well as total (free and bound) flavonoid content than those in Tib; twelve phenolic compounds were analyzed, among which flavonols were dominant. Catechin, isorhamnetin and quercetin were the main phenolic substances. VC and VE (γ-tocopherol (γ-VE) and δ-tocopherol (δ-VE)) were higher in Rha than Tib. The total carotenoid, lutein, β-carotene and lycopene content of Tib was remarkably higher than that in Rha. Moreover, both Rha and Tib showed good in vitro and cellular antioxidant activities, and Rha had a stronger antioxidant activity. Taken together, Rha had a higher antioxidant activity, which may be due to its higher content of phenolics, flavonoids, VC and VE.
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14
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Mahmoud NE, Mahdi AA, Barakat AMA, Abdelhameed RM. Boosting vegetation, biochemical constituents, grain yield and anti-cancer performance of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L) in calcareous soil using oat extracts coated inside nanocarriers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:544. [PMID: 36434510 PMCID: PMC9700955 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcareous soil contains many problems such as the lack of sources of major and minor elements that are useful for plant growth and development. Plant extracts and nanoparticles are very popular as biostimulants in plant production. Here, the effect of aqueous, non-aqueous and alcoholic oat extracts on the growth, biochemical response of oats leaves and grains grown in experimental fields under new reclamation lands were studied. Moreover, different oat extracts were a pathway through the copper-dependent metal-organic framework (MOFs) to separate bioactive molecules from extracts such as salicylic acid, anthraquinone, and triacylglycerol. Additionally, the separated molecules incorporated in Cu-BTC MOFs and oats extracts missed active molecules were spray applied on oat plants. The results showed that the treated plants showed stimulatory responses in growth and physiology. The treatments improved plant growth and biomass, enhanced total protein, water-soluble carbohydrates, free phenolic compounds content in oat leaves, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll contents. The treatments also improved the level of vitamins E and K, phenolic compounds, and avenanthramides C in the oat grains. Moreover, the treatments showed an improvement in the yield of oats (grain and straw) using water and alcoholic oat extracts in which the active molecules were missed. Our findings demonstrate that Cu-BTC and oats extracts can act as a biostimulant to enhance the biological and chemical properties of oats and increase the yield in calcareous soils. The cytotoxicity study of oats (produced from AE, c@Cu-BTC, and AE-c treatments) was conducted using Vero Cell lines. The anticancer activities of different oat grains were carried out using MCF 7cell lines. The results show that the grains produced from the AE, c@Cu-BTC, and AE-c treatments possessed 94.3, 72.3, and 100% activity towards the cancer cell line. Removal of growth inhibitors from spray solutions increases grain yield and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura E Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Unit, Plant Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Mahdi
- Biochemistry Unit, Plant Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M A Barakat
- Zoonotic Diseases Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Str. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reda M Abdelhameed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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15
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Montoya-Arroyo A, Toro-González C, Sus N, Warner J, Esquivel P, Jiménez VM, Frank J. Vitamin E and carotenoid profiles in leaves, stems, petioles and flowers of stinging nettle (Urtica leptophylla Kunth) from Costa Rica. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6340-6348. [PMID: 35527679 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local leafy vegetables are gaining attention as affordable sources of micronutrients, including vitamins, pro-vitamin carotenoids and other bioactive compounds. Stinging nettles (Urtica spp.) are used as source of fibers, herbal medicine and food. However, despite the relatively wide geographical spread of Urtica leptophylla on the American continent, little is known about its content of vitamin E congeners and carotenoids. We therefore investigated the particular nutritional potential of different plant structures of wild Costa Rican U. leptophylla by focusing on their vitamin E and carotenoid profiles. RESULTS Young, mature and herbivore-damaged leaves, flowers, stems and petioles were collected and freeze-dried. Vitamin E and carotenoids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after liquid/liquid extraction with hexane. α-Tocopherol was the major vitamin E congener in all structures. Flowers had a high content of γ-tocopherol. Herbivore-damaged leaves had higher contents of vitamin E than undamaged leaves. Lutein was the major and β-carotene the second most abundant carotenoid in U. leptophylla. No differences in carotenoid profiles were observed between damaged and undamaged leaves. CONCLUSION The leaves of U. leptophylla had the highest nutritional value of all analyzed structures; therefore, they might represent a potential source of α-tocopherol, lutein and β-carotene. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Montoya-Arroyo
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Sus
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jorge Warner
- Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Patricia Esquivel
- School of Food Technology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | | | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Niu Y, Zhang Q, Wang J, Li Y, Wang X, Bao Y. Vitamin E synthesis and response in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994058. [PMID: 36186013 PMCID: PMC9515888 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E, also known as tocochromanol, is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that can only be produced by photosynthetic organisms in nature. Vitamin E is not only essential in human diets, but also required for plant environment adaptions. To synthesize vitamin E, specific prenyl groups needs to be incorporated with homogentisate as the first step of reaction. After decades of studies, an almost complete roadmap has been revealed for tocochromanol biosynthesis pathway. However, chlorophyll-derived prenyl precursors for synthesizing tocochromanols are still a mystery. In recent years, by employing forward genetic screening and genome-wide-association approaches, significant achievements were acquired in studying vitamin E. In this review, by summarizing the recent progresses in vitamin E, we provide to date the most updated whole view of vitamin E biosynthesis pathway. Also, we discussed about the role of vitamin E in plants stress response and its potential as signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Niu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bao
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Mitra S, Emran TB, Chandran D, Zidan BMRM, Das R, Mamada SS, Masyita A, Salampe M, Nainu F, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Simal-Gandara J. Cruciferous vegetables as a treasure of functional foods bioactive compounds: Targeting p53 family in gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:951935. [PMID: 35990357 PMCID: PMC9386315 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.951935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, phytochemicals from natural products have gotten the boundless praise in treating cancer. The promising role of cruciferous vegetables and active components contained in these vegetables, such as isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, and isothiocyanates, has been widely researched in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models. The chemopreventive agents produced from the cruciferous vegetables were recurrently proven to affect carcinogenesis throughout the onset and developmental phases of cancer formation. Likewise, findings from clinical investigations and epidemiological research supported this statement. The anticancer activities of these functional foods bioactive compounds are closely related to their ability to upregulate p53 and its related target genes, e.g., p21. As the “guardian of the genome,” the p53 family (p53, p63, and p73) plays a pivotal role in preventing the cancer progression associated with DNA damage. This review discusses the functional foods bioactive compounds derived from several cruciferous vegetables and their use in altering the tumor-suppressive effect of p53 proteins. The association between the mutation of p53 and the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies (gastric, small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers) is also discussed. This review contains crucial information about the use of cruciferous vegetables in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Role of Tocochromanols in Tolerance of Cereals to Biotic Stresses: Specific Focus on Pathogenic and Toxigenic Fungal Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169303. [PMID: 36012567 PMCID: PMC9408828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens capable of producing mycotoxins are one of the main threats to the cultivation of cereals and the safety of the harvested kernels. Improving the resistance of crops to fungal disease and accumulation of mycotoxins is therefore a crucial issue. Achieving this goal requires a deep understanding of plant defense mechanisms, most of them involving specialized metabolites. However, while numerous studies have addressed the contribution of phenylpropanoids and carotenoids to plant chemical defense, very few have dealt with tocochromanols. Tocochromanols, which encompass tocopherols and tocotrienols and constitute the vitamin E family, are widely distributed in cereal kernels; their biosynthetic pathway has been extensively studied with the aim to enrich plant oils and combat vitamin E deficiency in humans. Here we provide strong assumptions arguing in favor of an involvement of tocochromanols in plant–fungal pathogen interactions. These assumptions are based on both direct effects resulting from their capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species, including lipid peroxyl radicals, on their potential to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin yield, and on more indirect effects mainly based on their role in plant protection against abiotic stresses.
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19
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Trela-Makowej A, Leśkiewicz M, Kruk J, Żądło A, Basta-Kaim A, Szymańska R. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activity of Vitamin E Homologues: In Vitro Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070608. [PMID: 35888732 PMCID: PMC9315808 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present comparative data on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by a variety of tocochromanols in liposomes. We also show for the first time the potential neuroprotective role of all the vitamin E homologues investigated on the neuronally differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. α-Tocopherol had nearly no effect in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, while β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols inhibited the reaction completely when it was initiated in a lipid phase. Similar effects were observed for tocotrienol homologues. Moreover, in this respect plastochromanol-8 was as effective as β-, γ-, and δ-tocochromanols. When the prenyllipids were investigated in a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and incorporated into different lipid carriers, the radical oxidation was most pronounced in liposomes, followed by mixed micelles and the micellar system. When the reaction of tocochromanols was examined in niosomes, the oxidation was most pronounced for α-tocopherol and plastochromanol-8, followed by α-tocotrienol. Next, using retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, we tested the protective effects of the compounds investigated on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage. We showed that tocotrienols were more active than tocopherols in the oxidative stress model. Plastochromanol-8 had a strong inhibitory effect on H2O2-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability. The water-soluble α-tocopherol phosphate had neuroprotective effects at all the concentrations analyzed. The results clearly indicate that structural differences between vitamin E homologues reflect their different biological activity and indicate their potential application in pharmacological treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. In this respect, the application of optimal tocochromanol-carrying structures might be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Trela-Makowej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Cracow, Poland; (M.L.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Żądło
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland;
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Łazarza 16, 31-530 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Cracow, Poland; (M.L.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Cracow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-126-175-688
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20
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Amiri Moghaddam J, Guo H, Willing K, Wichard T, Beemelmanns C. Identification of the new prenyltransferase Ubi-297 from marine bacteria and elucidation of its substrate specificity. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:722-731. [PMID: 35821696 PMCID: PMC9235831 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic prenylated metabolites have important biological roles and activities in all living organisms. Compared to their importance in all domains of life, we know relatively little about their substrate scopes and metabolic functions. Here, we describe a new UbiA-like prenyltransferase (Ptase) Ubi-297 encoded in a conserved operon of several bacterial taxa, including marine Flavobacteria and the genus Sacchromonospora. In silico analysis of Ubi-297 homologs indicated that members of this Ptase group are composed of several transmembrane α-helices and carry a conserved and distinct aspartic-rich Mg2+-binding domain. We heterologously produced UbiA-like Ptases from the bacterial genera Maribacter, Zobellia, and Algoriphagus in Escherichia coli. Investigation of their substrate scope uncovered the preferential farnesylation of quinoline derivatives, such as 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (8-HQA) and quinaldic acid. The results of this study provide new insights into the abundance and diversity of Ptases in marine Flavobacteria and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam
- Chemical Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Chemical Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karsten Willing
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Wichard
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Chemical Biology Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Biochemistry of Microbial Metabolism, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21–23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Stevens-Barrón JC, Wall-Medrano A, Álvarez-Parrilla E, Olivas-Armendáriz I, Astiazaran-García H, Robles-Zepeda RE, De la Rosa LA. Synergistic Interactions between Tocol and Phenolic Extracts from Different Tree Nut Species against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103154. [PMID: 35630629 PMCID: PMC9143696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree nuts are rich in polar (phenolic compounds) and non-polar (tocols) antioxidants, with recognized effects in the prevention of diseases such as cancer. These biomolecules possess antiproliferative activity on cancer cells; however, the combined effect of both types of compounds has been scarcely studied, and this approach could give valuable information on the real anticancer potential of tree nuts. In the present study, the antiproliferative activity of pure tocols and phenolic compounds, tocol- and phenolic-rich extracts (TRE and PRE, respectively) from tree nuts and the extracts combinations, was evaluated in four cancer (HeLa, MCF7, PC3, A549) and one control (ARPE) cell lines. The most sensible cell lines were HeLa and MCF7. TRE and PRE from nuts were chemically characterized; γ and δ tocopherols, total tocols, total tocopherols and total phenolic compounds were negatively correlated with cell viability in MCF7 cells. In HeLa cells, only δ and total tocopherols were negatively correlated with cell viability. TRE and PRE had a low effect in reducing cell viability of the cancer cell lines, the most effective extracts were those of emory oak acorn (EOA), pecan nut (PEC) and walnut (WAL), and these were further studied for their pharmacological interactions, using the combination index and the isobologram methods. Combinations of both extracts showed a synergistic and strongly synergistic behavior in the three nuts (EOA, PEC and WAL), with combination indexes between 0.12 and 0.55. These results highlight the need to understand the interactions among components found in complex natural extracts or food products in order to fully understand their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín C. Stevens-Barrón
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.-B.); (L.A.D.l.R.)
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
| | - Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
| | - Imelda Olivas-Armendáriz
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
| | | | - Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | - Laura A. De la Rosa
- Department of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.-B.); (L.A.D.l.R.)
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22
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Ye Z, Shi B, Huang Y, Ma T, Xiang Z, Hu B, Kuang Z, Huang M, Lin X, Tian Z, Deng Z, Shen K, Liu T. Revolution of vitamin E production by starting from microbial fermented farnesene to isophytol. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100228. [PMID: 35373168 PMCID: PMC8968663 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the most widely used vitamins. In the classical commercial synthesis of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), the chemical synthesis of isophytol is the key technical barrier. Here, we establish a new process for isophytol synthesis from microbial fermented farnesene. To achieve an efficient pathway for farnesene production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected as the host strain. First, β-farnesene synthase genes from different sources were screened, and through protein engineering and system metabolic engineering, a high production of β-farnesene in S. cerevisiae was achieved (55.4 g/L). This farnesene can be chemically converted into isophytol in three steps with approximately 92% yield, which is economically equal to that from the best total chemical synthesis. Furthermore, we co-produced lycopene and farnesene to reduce the cost of farnesene. A factory based on this new process was successfully operated in Hubei Province, China, in 2017, with an annual output of 30,000 tons of vitamin E. This new process has completely changed the vitamin E market due to its low cost and safety. The traditional chemical synthesis of vitamin E is complex and could be explosive An innovative way to synthesize isophytol from biofermented farnesene is established This process is safer and cheaper, changing the production and marketing of vitamin E Co-production of β-farnesene and lycopene improves the competitiveness of this process
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Yanglei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ben Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhaolin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man Huang
- J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Corresponding author
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23
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Lalarukh I, Wang X, Amjad SF, Hussain R, Ahmar S, Mora-Poblete F, Abdel-Hafez SH, Fawzy MA, Abbas MH, Abdelhafez AA, Datta R. Chemical role of α-tocopherol in salt stress mitigation by improvement in morpho-physiological attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1386-1393. [PMID: 35280589 PMCID: PMC8913399 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of salts in soil and water represent abiotic stresses. It considerably restricts plant productivity. However, the use of alpha-tocopherol (α-toc) as foliar can overcome this problem. It can improve crop productivity grown under salinity stress. Limited literature is documented regarding its optimum foliar application on sunflower. That’s why the need for the time is to optimize α-toc foliar application rates for sunflower cultivated in salt-affected soil. A pot experiment was performed to select a better α-toc foliar application for mitigation of salt stress in different sunflower cultivars FH (572 and 621). There were 2 levels of salts, i.e., control (no salt stress) and sodium chloride (120 mM) and four α-toc foliar application (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L−1). Results showed that foliar application of 100 mg/L- α-toc triggered the remarkable increase in fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, shoot, and root lengths under salinity stress in FH-572 and FH-621 over 0 mg/L- α-toc. Foliar application of 200 mg/L- α-toc was most effective for improvement in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids compared to 0 mg/L- α-toc. Furthermore, an increase in A was noted in FH-572 (17%) and FH-621 (22%) with α-toc (300 mg L−1) application under saline condition. In conclusion, the 100 and 200 mg/L- α-toc are the best application rates for the improvement in sunflower FH-572 and FH-621 growth, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes. Further investigations are needed to select a better foliar application rate between 100 and 200 mg/L- α-toc at the field level under the different agro-climatic zone and soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfana Lalarukh
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, PR China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Syeda Fasiha Amjad
- Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Rashid Hussain
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad deTalca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Shams H. Abdel-Hafez
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif 21944. Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A. Fawzy
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H.H. Abbas
- Benha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Abdelhafez
- New Valley University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water Department, Egypt
- National Committee of Soil Science, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Egypt
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Corresponding authors.
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24
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Rey F, Rodrigo MJ, Diretto G, Zacarías L. Effect of fruit shading and cold storage on tocopherol biosynthesis and its involvement in the susceptibility of Star Ruby grapefruit to chilling injury. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 3:100037. [PMID: 35415643 PMCID: PMC8991614 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tocopherol content in the flavedo of grapefruit increase during fruit maturation. TAT1 and genes of the tocopherol-core pathway are up-regulated during fruit maturation. Light avoidance reduces γ-tocopherol and expression of GGDR and tocopherol-core pathway genes. Cold up-regulated genes involved in precursors supply but repressed those of the core pathway. Changes in tocopherols during storage appears to be cold-mediated and not related to CI tolerance.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of tocopherols in the susceptibility of Star Ruby grapefruit to postharvest chilling injury (CI). Fruit exposed to normal sunlight (NC, non-covered) and deprived of light (C, covered) in the last stages of development were used. Tocopherol contents increased in the flavedo of both NC and C fruit during development, concomitantly with the up-regulation of TAT1 and most genes of the tocopherol-core pathway. Fruit shading reduced total contents by repressing γ-tocopherol accumulation, associated to a down-regulation of GGDR and VTE1 and, to a lesser extent, of VTE2, VTE3a and VTE4. During cold storage, total and α-tocopherol contents increased in NC and C fruit, and no direct relationship between tocopherol accumulation and CI tolerance was found. Cold stress up-regulated most genes involved in the synthesis of tocopherol precursors and down-regulated those of the tocopherol-core pathway, but changes seemed to be cold-mediated and not related to CI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Rey
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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25
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Barouh N, Bourlieu-Lacanal C, Figueroa-Espinoza MC, Durand E, Villeneuve P. Tocopherols as antioxidants in lipid-based systems: The combination of chemical and physicochemical interactions determines their efficiency. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:642-688. [PMID: 34889039 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid oxidation is a major concern in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors. The degradation of unsaturated lipids affects the nutritional, physicochemical, and organoleptic properties of products and can lead to off-flavors and to the formation of potentially harmful oxidation compounds. To prevent or slow down lipid oxidation, different antioxidant additives are used alone or in combination to achieve the best possible efficiency with the minimum possible quantities. In manufactured products, that is, heterogeneous systems containing lipids as emulsions or bulk phase, the efficiency of an antioxidant is determined not only by its chemical reactivity, but also by its physical properties and its interaction with other compounds present in the products. The antioxidants most widely used on the industrial scale are probably tocopherols, either as natural extracts or pure synthetic molecules. Considerable research has been conducted on their antioxidant activity, but results regarding their efficiency are contradictory. Here, we review the known mechanisms behind the antioxidant activity of tocopherols and discuss the chemical and physical features that determine their efficacy. We first describe their chemical reactivity linked with the main factors that modulate it between efficient antioxidant capacity and potential prooxidant effects. We then describe their chemical interactions with other molecules (phenolic compounds, metals, vitamin C, carotenes, proteins, and phospholipids) that have potential additive, synergistic, or antagonist effects. Finally, we discuss other physical parameters that influence their activity in complex systems including their specific interactions with surfactants in emulsions and their behavior in the presence of association colloids in bulk oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, Montpellier, France.,Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Maria Cruz Figueroa-Espinoza
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwann Durand
- CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, Montpellier, France.,Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR QUALISUD, Montpellier, France.,Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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26
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Shahidi F, Pinaffi-Langley ACC, Fuentes J, Speisky H, de Camargo AC. Vitamin E as an essential micronutrient for human health: Common, novel, and unexplored dietary sources. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:312-321. [PMID: 34610363 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E comprises a group of vitamers that includes tocopherols and tocotrienols. They occur in four homologues according to the number and position of methyl groups attached to the chromanol ring. Vitamin E, a liposoluble antioxidant, may participate as an adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, neurological, and aging-related diseases. Furthermore, vitamin E has applications in the food industry as a natural additive. In this contribution, the most recent information on the dietary sources of vitamin E, including common, novel, and unexplored sources, is presented. Common edible oils, such as those of corn, olive, palm, rice bran, and peanut, represent the most prominent sources of vitamin E. However, specialty and underutilized oils such as those obtained from tree nuts, fruit seeds, and by-products, emerge as novel sources of this important micronutrient. Complementary studies should examine the tocotrienol content of vitamin E dietary sources to better understand the different biological functions of these vitamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B3X9 Canada.
| | | | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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27
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High-Pressure Processing of Kale: Effects on the Extractability, In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids & Vitamin E and the Lipophilic Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111688. [PMID: 34829561 PMCID: PMC8615047 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High pressure processing (HPP) represents a non-thermal preservation technique for the gentle treatment of food products. Information about the impact of HPP on lipophilic food ingredients (e.g., carotenoids, vitamin E) is still limited in more complex matrices such as kale. Both the variation of pressure levels (200–600 MPa) and different holding times (5–40 min) served as HPP parameters. Whereas a slightly decreasing solvent extractability mostly correlated with increasing pressure regimes; the extension of holding times resulted in elevated extract concentrations, particularly at high-pressures up to 600 MPa. Surprisingly, slightly increasing bioaccessibility correlated with both elevated pressures and extended holding times, indicating matrix-dependent processes during in vitro digestion, compared to results of extractability. Moreover, the verification of syringe filters for digest filtration resulted in the highest relative recoveries using cellulose acetate and polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The α-tocopherol equivalent antioxidant capacity (αTEAC) and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assays of treated kale samples, chopped larger in size, showed increased antioxidant capacities, regarding elevated pressures and extended holding times. Consequently, one may conclude that HPP was confirmed as a gentle treatment technique for lipophilic micronutrients in kale. Nevertheless, it was indicated that sample pre-treatments could affect HP-related processes in food matrices prior to and possibly after HPP.
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28
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Rey F, Zacarias L, Rodrigo MJ. Regulation of Tocopherol Biosynthesis During Fruit Maturation of Different Citrus Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:743993. [PMID: 34691122 PMCID: PMC8526796 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.743993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols are plant-derived isoprenoids with vitamin E activity, which are involved in diverse physiological processes in plants. Although their biosynthesis has been extensively investigated in model plants, their synthesis in important fruit crops as Citrus has scarcely been studied. Therefore, the aim of this work was to initiate a physiological and molecular characterization of tocopherol synthesis and accumulation in Citrus fruits during maturation. For that purpose, we selected fruit of the four main commercial species: grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lemon (Citrus limon), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), and mandarin (Citrus clementina), and analyzed tocopherol content and the expression profile of 14 genes involved in tocopherol synthesis during fruit maturation in both the flavedo and pulp. The selected genes covered the pathways supplying the tocopherol precursors homogentisate (HGA) (TAT1 and HPPD) and phytyl pyrophosphate (PPP) (VTE5, VTE6, DXS1 and 2, GGPPS1 and 6, and GGDR) and the tocopherol-core pathway (VTE2, VTE3a, VTE3b, VTE1, and VTE4). Tocopherols accumulated mainly as α- and γ-tocopherol, and α-tocopherol was the predominant form in both tissues. Moreover, differences were detected between tissues, among maturation stages and genotypes. Contents were higher in the flavedo than in the pulp during maturation, and while they increased in the flavedo they decreased or were maintained in the pulp. Among genotypes, mature fruit of lemon accumulated the highest tocopherol content in both the flavedo and the pulp, whereas mandarin fruit accumulated the lowest concentrations, and grapefruit and orange had intermediate levels. Higher concentrations in the flavedo were associated with a higher expression of all the genes evaluated, and different genes are suitable candidates to explain the temporal changes in each tissue: (1) in the flavedo, the increase in tocopherols was concomitant with the up-regulation of TAT1 and VTE4, involved in the supply of HGA and the shift of γ- into α-tocopherol, respectively; and (2) in the pulp, changes paralleled the expression of VTE6, DXS2, and GGDR, which regulate PPP availability. Also, certain genes (i.e., VTE6, DXS2, and GGDR) were co-regulated and shared a similar pattern during maturation in both tissues, suggesting they are developmentally modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Jesús Rodrigo
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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29
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Kim SE, Bian X, Lee CJ, Park SU, Lim YH, Kim BH, Park WS, Ahn MJ, Ji CY, Yu Y, Xie Y, Kwak SS, Kim HS. Overexpression of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (IbHPPD) increases abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic sweetpotato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:420-429. [PMID: 34411781 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols are lipid-soluble compounds regarded as vitamin E compounds and they function as antioxidants in scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals and quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS). In our previous studies, we isolated five tocopherol biosynthesis genes from sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) plants including 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (IbHPPD). HPPD is the first regulatory enzyme in vitamin E biosynthesis and serves to catalyze in the first steps α-tocopherol and plastoquinone biosynthesis by converting 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) to homogentisic acid (HGA). In this study, we generated transgenic sweetpotato plants overexpressing IbHPPD under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter (referred to as HP plants) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to understand the function of IbHPPD in sweetpotato. Three transgenic lines (HP3, HP14 and HP15) with high transcript levels of IbHPPD were selected for further characterization. Compared with non-transgenic (NT) plants, HP plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to multiple environmental stresses, including salt, drought, and oxidative stresses. In addition, HP plants showed increased tolerance to the herbicide sulcotrione, which is involved in the inhibition of the HPPD. Interestingly, after stress treatments, HP plants also showed higher abscisic acid (ABA) contents than NT plants. Under dehydrated condition, HP plants displayed an elevated α-tocopherol content to 19-27% in leaves compared with NT plants. These results indicate that increased abiotic stress tolerance in HP plants is related to inducing enhancement of α-tocopherol and ABA contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Eun Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaofeng Bian
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chan-Ju Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sul-U Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hoon Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Beg Hab Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yoon Ji
- R&D Center, Genolution Inc., 11, Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Yu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhi Xie
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Melo D, Álvarez-Ortí M, Nunes MA, Costa ASG, Machado S, Alves RC, Pardo JE, Oliveira MBPP. Whole or Defatted Sesame Seeds ( Sesamum indicum L.)? The Effect of Cold Pressing on Oil and Cake Quality. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092108. [PMID: 34574218 PMCID: PMC8466230 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole sesame seeds and sesame oil, which is obtained after cold pressing the seeds, are foodstuffs globally consumed due to their nutritional characteristics. The press cake that remains from the oil extraction process can be ground to form a defatted flour that can be incorporated into the human diet, contributing to the valorisation of this product. The nutritional comparison between the whole seeds and the press cake reveals the potential of this by-product to be incorporated in the formulation of diverse foodstuff, since it is richer than the seeds in proteins (30%) and fibre (25%) and still contains a proportion of oil (32%) with a fatty acid pattern characterized by the abundance of unsaturated fatty acids. The protein fraction of both the seeds and the cake shows a balanced composition regarding amino acid composition, with all the essential amino acids included. On the other hand, the oil obtained by cold pressing is shown as a high-quality oil, where the predominant fatty acids are oleic (42.66%) and linoleic (41.25%), which are essential fatty acids because they are not synthetised in the organism and must be obtained through the diet. In addition, it is rich in vitamin E, especially in γ-tocopherol, that was the main isomer found. Regarding these results, all products (sesame seeds, oil and press cake) are components suitable to be included in a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Melo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Ortí
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Maria Antónia Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Anabela S. G. Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Susana Machado
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Rita C. Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - José E. Pardo
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.); (M.A.N.); (A.S.G.C.); (S.M.); (R.C.A.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
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Zhao Y, Li J, Huang S, Li H, Liu Y, Gu Q, Guo X, Hu Y. Tocochromanols and Chlorophylls Accumulation in Young Pomelo ( Citrus maxima) during Early Fruit Development. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092022. [PMID: 34574131 PMCID: PMC8465361 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomelo is an important cultivar of the genus Citrus that contains a variety of beneficial nutrients, and its young fruit is an agricultural by-product that is currently not fully utilized because it is often thrown away during cultivation and management. In this study, the dynamics of tocochromanol during young pomelo development were investigated by measuring chlorophyll content, tocochromanol accumulation, and expression levels of related genes during early fruit development. The results showed that chlorophyll content decreased overall during these four developmental stages and had some synergism with tocochromanol. Four tocochromanol components were detected in pomelo of both genotypes, and α-tocopherol was the main component. The tocochromanol content of honey pomelo was highest in the first period, reaching 70 ± 5 μg/g in dry weight (DW), and golden pomelo peaked in the second period at 86.10 ± 0.18 μg/g DW, with an overall decreasing trend in both genotypes. The different gene expression patterns of the tocochromanol biosynthesis pathway could partially explain the changes in these components and further elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of tocochromanol accumulation during early fruit development. As a natural product, young pomelo fruit is an attractive source of tocochromanol and has potential application in industrial production. The results of this study may provide directions for the high additional value utilization of young pomelo fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Junhao Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Modern Biological Seed Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, National S&T Innovation Center for Modern Agricultural Industry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (S.H.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Huayong Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Modern Biological Seed Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, National S&T Innovation Center for Modern Agricultural Industry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (S.H.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yutao Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Modern Biological Seed Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, National S&T Innovation Center for Modern Agricultural Industry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (S.H.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qiuming Gu
- Guangdong Lijinyou Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Meizhou 514743, China;
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Modern Biological Seed Industry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, National S&T Innovation Center for Modern Agricultural Industry, Guangzhou 510520, China; (S.H.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Y.H.)
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Wang H, Qiu C, Wang Y, Guo X. Biosynthesis and profiles of fatty acids, vitamin E and carotenoids during flax (
Linum usitatissimum
L.) seed capsule maturation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou510225China
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510640China
| | - Caisheng Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha410205China
| | - Yufu Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha410205China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510640China
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The apicoplast link to fever-survival and artemisinin-resistance in the malaria parasite. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4563. [PMID: 34315897 PMCID: PMC8316339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to front-line antimalarial artemisinin-combination therapies (ACT) threatens to erase the considerable gains against the disease of the last decade. Here, we develop a large-scale phenotypic screening pipeline and use it to carry out a large-scale forward-genetic phenotype screen in P. falciparum to identify genes allowing parasites to survive febrile temperatures. Screening identifies more than 200 P. falciparum mutants with differential responses to increased temperature. These mutants are more likely to be sensitive to artemisinin derivatives as well as to heightened oxidative stress. Major processes critical for P. falciparum tolerance to febrile temperatures and artemisinin include highly essential, conserved pathways associated with protein-folding, heat shock and proteasome-mediated degradation, and unexpectedly, isoprenoid biosynthesis, which originated from the ancestral genome of the parasite’s algal endosymbiont-derived plastid, the apicoplast. Apicoplast-targeted genes in general are upregulated in response to heat shock, as are other Plasmodium genes with orthologs in plant and algal genomes. Plasmodium falciparum parasites appear to exploit their innate febrile-response mechanisms to mediate resistance to artemisinin. Both responses depend on endosymbiont-derived genes in the parasite’s genome, suggesting a link to the evolutionary origins of Plasmodium parasites in free-living ancestors. Repeating fever is a hallmark of malaria. Here, a large-scale forward genetic screen in malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum identifies genes associated with parasite tolerance to host fever, including apicoplast targeted isoprenoid biosynthesis—sharing features with artemisinin resistance.
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Luo W, Huan Q, Xu Y, Qian W, Chong K, Zhang J. Integrated global analysis reveals a vitamin E-vitamin K1 sub-network, downstream of COLD1, underlying rice chilling tolerance divergence. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109397. [PMID: 34289369 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice, a staple food with tropical/subtropical origination, is susceptible to cold stress, one of the major constraints on its yield and distribution. Asian cultivated rice consists of two subspecies with diverged chilling tolerance to adapt to different environments. The mechanism underlying this divergence remains obscure with a few known factors, including membrane protein CHILLING-TOLERANCE DIVERGENCE 1 (COLD1). Here, we reveal a vitamin E-vitamin K1 sub-network responsible for chilling tolerance divergence through global analyses. Rice genome regions responsible for tolerance divergence are identified with chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs). Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of chilling-tolerant CSSL4-1 and parent lines uncovered a vitamin E-vitamin K1 sub-network in chloroplast with tocopherol (vitamin E) mediating chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling. COLD1, located in the substitution segment in CSSL4-1, is confirmed as its upstream regulator by transgenic material analysis. Our work uncovers a pathway downstream of COLD1, through which rice modulates chilling tolerance for thermal adaptation, with potential utility in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qing Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenfeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Sainz-Urruela C, Vera-López S, San Andrés MP, Díez-Pascual AM. Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3316. [PMID: 33804997 PMCID: PMC8037795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sainz-Urruela
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain); (C.S.-U.); (S.V.-L.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Soledad Vera-López
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain); (C.S.-U.); (S.V.-L.); (M.P.S.)
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain)
| | - María Paz San Andrés
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain); (C.S.-U.); (S.V.-L.); (M.P.S.)
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain)
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain); (C.S.-U.); (S.V.-L.); (M.P.S.)
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Ctra. Madrid‐Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España (Spain)
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Nowicka B, Trela-Makowej A, Latowski D, Strzalka K, Szymańska R. Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2950. [PMID: 33799456 PMCID: PMC7999835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O2 formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Trela-Makowej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Latowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazimierz Strzalka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (D.L.); (K.S.)
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Jiang L, Strobbe S, Van Der Straeten D, Zhang C. Regulation of plant vitamin metabolism: backbone of biofortification for the alleviation of hidden hunger. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:40-60. [PMID: 33545049 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Lebaka VR, Wee YJ, Ye W, Korivi M. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Three Different Parts of Mango Fruit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E741. [PMID: 33467139 PMCID: PMC7830918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.), known as the king of fruits, has an attractive taste and fragrance and high nutritional value. Mango is commercially important in India, where ~55% of the global crop is produced. The fruit has three main parts: pulp, peel, and kernel. The pulp is the most-consumed part, while the peel and kernel are usually discarded. Mango pulp is a source of a variety of reducing sugars, amino acids, aromatic compounds, and functional compounds, such as pectin, vitamins, anthocyanins, and polyphenols. Mango processing generates peels and kernels as bio-wastes, though they also have nutraceutical significance. Functional compounds in the peel, including protocatechuic acids, mangiferin and β-carotene are known for their antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. The mango kernel has higher antioxidant and polyphenolic contents than the pulp and peel and is used for oil extraction; it's possible usage in combination with corn and wheat flour in preparing nutraceuticals is being increasingly emphasized. This review aims to provide nutraceutical and pharmacological information on all three parts of mango to help understand the defense mechanisms of its functional constituents, and the appropriate use of mangoes to enhance our nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Jung Wee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Weibing Ye
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Li Y, Yang C, Ahmad H, Maher M, Fang C, Luo J. Benefiting others and self: Production of vitamins in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:210-227. [PMID: 33289302 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vitamins maintain growth and development in humans, animals, and plants. Because plants serve as essential producers of vitamins, increasing the vitamin contents in plants has become a goal of crop breeding worldwide. Here, we begin with a summary of the functions of vitamins. We then review the achievements to date in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying how vitamins are synthesized, transported, and regulated in plants. We also stress the exploration of variation in vitamins by the use of forward genetic approaches, such as quantitative trait locus mapping and genome-wide association studies. Overall, we conclude that exploring the diversity of vitamins could provide new insights into plant metabolism and crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hasan Ahmad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mohamed Maher
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanying Fang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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Ghosh P, Roychoudhury A. Nutrition and antioxidant profiling in the unpolished and polished grains of eleven indigenous aromatic rice cultivars. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:548. [PMID: 33269182 PMCID: PMC7683632 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study emphasized on the yet-unexplored exhaustive analyses of nutritional and antioxidant parameters in the unpolished and polished grains of eleven indigenous aromatic rice varieties. Tulaipanji appeared to be a highly demanding variety by virtue of having sufficient levels of micronutrients like Fe, Zn and Cu (linked with higher expression of fer2, ZIP and NAS3), inorganic phosphorus, hexose sugars, total amino acids and lysine (correlated with higher expression of glutelin and RLRH1), tocopherol (due to higher HGGT expression), total phenolic content, flavonoids, anthocyanins (concomitant with higher expression of PPO, PAL and ANS), LOX activity and LOX1 gene expression, and overall higher total antioxidant capacity, particularly in the polished grains. The importance of IET-21261, with regard to higher content of phytic acid and total phosphorus (with high IPK1 expression), β-carotene (with high PSY expression) and tocopherol (with high HGGT expression), and of Kalonunia, with respect to cysteine and γ-oryzanol in the polished grains, was also significant. Lower α-amylase enzyme activity and α-amylase expression led to considerable starch accumulation, with lower sucrose content, in the unpolished grains of Radhunipagal and polished grains of Pusa Basmati-1. Paramanya registered the highest content of thiamine and TH1 expression, together with minimum methylglyoxal level (low TPI expression). Paramanya and Radhunipagal maintained a higher pool of majority of the nutritional and antioxidant components in their unpolished grains. The polished grains of all the genotypes showed strikingly lower nutritional constituents, as compared to unpolished grains. The knowledge gained from this study will largely provide a road map to the farmers and rice consumers for making proper choice of the aromatic genotypes for large-scale cultivation and dietary consumption to derive maximum nutritional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Ghosh
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal 700016 India
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal 700016 India
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Wen Y, Xu L, Xue C, Jiang X, Wei Z. Assessing the Impact of Oil Types and Grades on Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Contents in Vegetable Oils with Chemometric Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215076. [PMID: 33139648 PMCID: PMC7662938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of vegetable oil is an important way for the body to obtain tocols. However, the impact of oil types and grades on the tocopherol and tocotrienol contents in vegetable oils is unclear. In this study, nine types of traditional edible oils and ten types of self-produced new types of vegetable oil were used to analyze eight kinds of tocols. The results showed that the oil types exerted a great impact on the tocol content of traditional edible oils. Soybean oils, corn oils, and rapeseed oils all could be well distinguished from sunflower oils. Both sunflower oils and cotton seed oils showed major differences from camellia oils as well as sesame oils. Among them, rice bran oils contained the most abundant types of tocols. New types of oil, especially sacha inchi oil, have provided a new approach to obtaining oils with a high tocol content. Oil refinement leads to the loss of tocols in vegetable oil, and the degree of oil refinement determines the oil grade. However, the oil grade could not imply the final tocol content in oil from market. This study could be beneficial for the oil industry and dietary nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-532-82032597 (Z.W.)
| | - Zihao Wei
- Correspondence: (X.J.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-532-82032597 (Z.W.)
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Jentzsch V, Davis JAA, Djamgoz MBA. Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3096. [PMID: 33114159 PMCID: PMC7690843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which comprises some 85% of all cases. Currently, this is the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is rising steeply. Commonly applied clinical therapies offer limited chance of a lasting cure and the five-year survival rate is one of the lowest of the commonly occurring cancers. This review cultivates the hypothesis that the best management of PDAC would be possible by integrating 'western' clinical medicine with evidence-based complementary measures. Protecting the liver, where PDAC frequently first spreads, is also given some consideration. Overall, the complementary measures are divided into three groups: dietary factors, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle. In turn, dietary factors are considered as general conditioners, multi-factorial foodstuffs and specific compounds. The general conditioners are alkalinity, low-glycemic index and low-cholesterol. The multi-factorial foodstuffs comprise red meat, fish, fruit/vegetables, dairy, honey and coffee. The available evidence for the beneficial effects of the specific dietary and nutraceutical agents was considered at four levels (in order of prominence): clinical trials, meta-analyses, in vivo tests and in vitro studies. Thus, 9 specific agents were identified (6 dietary and 3 nutraceutical) as acceptable for integration with gemcitabine chemotherapy, the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The specific dietary agents were the following: Vitamins A, C, D and E, genistein and curcumin. As nutraceutical compounds, propolis, triptolide and cannabidiol were accepted. The 9 complementary agents were sub-grouped into two with reference to the main 'hallmarks of cancer'. Lifestyle factors covered obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and exercise. An integrative treatment regimen was devised for the management of PDAC patients. This involved combining first-line gemcitabine chemotherapy with the two sub-groups of complementary agents alternately in weekly cycles. The review concludes that integrated management currently offers the best patient outcome. Opportunities to be investigated in the future include emerging modalities, precision medicine, the nerve input to tumors and, importantly, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jentzsch
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Business School, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James A. A. Davis
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Qiao Y, Wang W, Lu X. High Light Induced Alka(e)ne Biodegradation for Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1659. [PMID: 32765469 PMCID: PMC7379126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the oldest photosynthetic microorganisms with good environmental adaptability. They are ubiquitous in light-exposed habitats on Earth. In recent years, cyanobacteria have become an ideal platform for producing biofuels and biochemicals from solar energy and carbon dioxide. Alka(e)nes are the main constituents of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels. Alka(e)ne biosynthesis pathways are present in all sequenced cyanobacteria. Most cyanobacteria biosynthesize long chain alka(e)nes via acyl-acyl-carrier proteins reductase (AAR) and aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (ADO). Alka(e)nes can be biodegraded by a variety of cyanobacteria, which lack a β-oxidation pathway. However, the mechanisms of alka(e)ne biodegradation in cyanobacteria remain elusive. In this study, a cyanobacterial alka(e)ne biodegradation pathway was uncovered by in vitro enzyme assays. Under high light, alka(e)nes in the membrane can be converted into alcohols and aldehydes by ADO, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) can then convert the aldehydes into fatty acids to maintain lipid homeostasis in cyanobacteria. As highly reduced molecules, alka(e)nes could serve as electron donors to further reduce partially reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cyanobacteria under high light. Alka(e)ne biodegradation may serve as an emergency mechanism for responding to the oxidative stress generated by excess light exposure. This study will shed new light on the roles of alka(e)ne metabolism in cyanobacteria. It is important to reduce the content of ROS by optimization of cultivation and genetic engineering for efficient alka(e)ne biosynthesis in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Lin CY, Eudes A. Strategies for the production of biochemicals in bioenergy crops. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:71. [PMID: 32318116 PMCID: PMC7158082 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Industrial crops are grown to produce goods for manufacturing. Rather than food and feed, they supply raw materials for making biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and specialty chemicals, as well as feedstocks for fabricating fiber, biopolymer, and construction materials. Therefore, such crops offer the potential to reduce our dependency on petrochemicals that currently serve as building blocks for manufacturing the majority of our industrial and consumer products. In this review, we are providing examples of metabolites synthesized in plants that can be used as bio-based platform chemicals for partial replacement of their petroleum-derived counterparts. Plant metabolic engineering approaches aiming at increasing the content of these metabolites in biomass are presented. In particular, we emphasize on recent advances in the manipulation of the shikimate and isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways, both of which being the source of multiple valuable compounds. Implementing and optimizing engineered metabolic pathways for accumulation of coproducts in bioenergy crops may represent a valuable option for enhancing the commercial value of biomass and attaining sustainable lignocellulosic biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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Xu JJ, Fang X, Li CY, Yang L, Chen XY. General and specialized tyrosine metabolism pathways in plants. ABIOTECH 2020; 1:97-105. [PMID: 36304719 PMCID: PMC9590561 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-019-00006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine metabolism pathway serves as a starting point for the production of a variety of structurally diverse natural compounds in plants, such as tocopherols, plastoquinone, ubiquinone, betalains, salidroside, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, and so on. Among these, tyrosine-derived metabolites, tocopherols, plastoquinone, and ubiquinone are essential to plant survival. In addition, this pathway provides us essential micronutrients (e.g., vitamin E and ubiquinone) and medicine (e.g., morphine, salidroside, and salvianolic acid B). However, our knowledge of the plant tyrosine metabolism pathway remains rudimentary, and genes encoding the pathway enzymes have not been fully defined. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the tyrosine metabolism pathway, key enzymes, and important tyrosine-derived metabolites in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
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Trentmann O, Mühlhaus T, Zimmer D, Sommer F, Schroda M, Haferkamp I, Keller I, Pommerrenig B, Neuhaus HE. Identification of Chloroplast Envelope Proteins with Critical Importance for Cold Acclimation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1239-1255. [PMID: 31932409 PMCID: PMC7054872 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to withstand cold temperatures relies on their photosynthetic activity. Thus, the chloroplast is of utmost importance for cold acclimation and acquisition of freezing tolerance. During cold acclimation, the properties of the chloroplast change markedly. To provide the most comprehensive view of the protein repertoire of the chloroplast envelope, we analyzed this membrane system in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Profiling chloroplast envelope membranes was achieved by a cross comparison of protein intensities across the plastid and the enriched membrane fraction under both normal and cold conditions. We used multivariable logistic regression to model the probabilities for the classification of an envelope localization. In total, we identified 38 envelope membrane intrinsic or associated proteins exhibiting altered abundance after cold acclimation. These proteins comprise several solute carriers, such as the ATP/ADP antiporter nucleotide transporter2 (NTT2; substantially increased abundance) or the maltose exporter MEX1 (substantially decreased abundance). Remarkably, analysis of the frost recovery of ntt loss-of-function and mex1 overexpressor mutants confirmed that the comparative proteome is well suited to identify key factors involved in cold acclimation and acquisition of freezing tolerance. Moreover, for proteins with known physiological function, we propose scenarios explaining their possible roles in cold acclimation. Furthermore, spatial proteomics introduces an additional layer of complexity and enables the identification of proteins differentially localized at the envelope membrane under the changing environmental regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trentmann
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Computational Systems Biology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - David Zimmer
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Computational Systems Biology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Horst Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Zheng L, Jin J, Shi L, Huang J, Chang M, Wang X, Zhang H, Jin Q. Gamma tocopherol, its dimmers, and quinones: Past and future trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:3916-3930. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1711704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyou Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Longkai Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Stahl E, Hartmann M, Scholten N, Zeier J. A Role for Tocopherol Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Basal Immunity to Bacterial Infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1008-1028. [PMID: 31515446 PMCID: PMC6836838 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherols are lipid-soluble antioxidants synthesized in plastids of plants and other photosynthetic organisms. The four known tocopherols, α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol, differ in number and position of methyl groups on their chromanol head group. In unstressed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, α-tocopherol constitutes the main tocopherol form, whereas seeds predominantly contain γ-tocopherol. Here, we show that inoculation of Arabidopsis leaves with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae induces the expression of genes involved in early steps of tocopherol biosynthesis and triggers strong accumulation of γ-tocopherol, moderate production of δ-tocopherol, and generation of the benzoquinol precursors of tocopherols. The pathogen-inducible biosynthesis of tocopherols is promoted by the immune regulators ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 and PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4. In addition, tocopherols accumulate in response to bacterial flagellin and reactive oxygen species. By quantifying tocopherol forms in inoculated wild-type plants and biosynthetic pathway mutants, we provide biochemical insights into the pathogen-inducible tocopherol pathway. Notably, vitamin E deficient2 (vte2) mutant plants, which are compromised in both tocopherol and benzoquinol precursor accumulation, exhibit increased susceptibility toward compatible P. syringae and possess heightened levels of markers of lipid peroxidation after bacterial infection. The deficiency of triunsaturated fatty acids in vte2-1 fatty acid desaturase3-2 (fad3-2) fad7-2 fad8 quadruple mutants prevents increased lipid peroxidation in the vte2 background and restores pathogen resistance to wild-type levels. Therefore, the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway positively influences salicylic acid accumulation and guarantees effective basal resistance of Arabidopsis against compatible P. syringae, possibly by protecting leaves from the pathogen-induced oxidation of trienoic fatty acid-containing lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Stahl
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicola Scholten
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Maldonado-Celis ME, Yahia EM, Bedoya R, Landázuri P, Loango N, Aguillón J, Restrepo B, Guerrero Ospina JC. Chemical Composition of Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) Fruit: Nutritional and Phytochemical Compounds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1073. [PMID: 31681339 PMCID: PMC6807195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mango fruit has a high nutritional value and health benefits due to important components. The present manuscript is a comprehensive update on the composition of mango fruit, including nutritional and phytochemical compounds, and the changes of these during development and postharvest. Mango components can be grouped into macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty, and organic acids), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and phytochemicals (phenolic, polyphenol, pigments, and volatile constituents). Mango fruit also contains structural carbohydrates such as pectins and cellulose. The major amino acids include lysine, leucine, cysteine, valine, arginine, phenylalanine, and methionine. The lipid composition increases during ripening, particularly the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The most important pigments of mango fruit include chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids. The most important organic acids include malic and citric acids, and they confer the fruit acidity. The volatile constituents are a heterogeneous group with different chemical functions that contribute to the aromatic profile of the fruit. During development and maturity stages occur important biochemical, physiological, and structural changes affecting mainly the nutritional and phytochemical composition, producing softening, and modifying aroma, flavor, and antioxidant capacity. In addition, postharvest handling practices influence total content of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity, and organoleptic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elhadi M. Yahia
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Bedoya
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Patricia Landázuri
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Nelsy Loango
- Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnologías, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Johanny Aguillón
- Escuela Normal Superior del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Restrepo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Juan Camilo Guerrero Ospina
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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50
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Xiang N, Li C, Li G, Yu Y, Hu J, Guo X. Comparative Evaluation on Vitamin E and Carotenoid Accumulation in Sweet Corn ( Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Temperature Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9772-9781. [PMID: 31398019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the response profiles of vitamin E and carotenoids on transcription and metabolic levels of sweet corn seedlings under temperature stress. The treated temperatures were set as 10 °C (low temperature, LT), 25 °C (control, CK), and 40 °C (high temperature, HT) for sweet corn seedlings. The gene expression profiles of vitamin E and carotenoids biosynthesis pathways were analyzed by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the composition profiles were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that vitamin E gradually accumulated in response to LT stress but was limited by HT stress. The increase of carotenoids was suppressed by LT stress whereas HT stress promoted it. The existing results elaborated the interactive and competitive relationships of vitamin E and carotenoids in sweet corn seedlings to respond to extreme temperature stress at transcriptional and metabolic levels. The present study would improve sweet corn temperature resilience with integrative knowledge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province , Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Gaoke Li
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province , Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province , Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Jianguang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province , Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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