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Ahmad S, Ahmad N, Islam MS, Ahmad MA, Ercisli S, Ullah R, Bari A, Munir I. Rice seeds biofortification using biogenic ıron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by using Glycyrrhiza glabra: a study on growth and yield ımprovement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12368. [PMID: 38811671 PMCID: PMC11137158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron, a crucial micronutrient, is an integral element of biotic vitality. The scarcity of iron in the soil creates agronomic challenges and has a detrimental impact on crop vigour and chlorophyll formation. Utilizing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) via nanopriming emerges as an innovative method to enhance agricultural efficiency and crop health. The objective of this study was to synthesize biogenic IONPs from Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) plant extract using green chemistry and to evaluate their nanopriming effects on rice seed iron levels and growth. The synthesized IONPs were analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The UV-Vis peak at 280 nm revealed the formation of IONPs. SEM and TEM showed that the nanoparticles were spherical and had an average diameter of 23.8 nm. Nanopriming resulted in a substantial enhancement in growth, as seen by a 9.25% and 22.8% increase in shoot lengths for the 50 ppm and 100 ppm treatments, respectively. The yield metrics showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of IONPs. The 1000-grain weight and spike length observed a maximum increase of 193.75% and 97.73%, respectively, at the highest concentration of IONPs. The study indicates that G. glabra synthesized IONPs as a nanopriming agent significantly increased rice seeds' growth and iron content. This suggests that there is a relationship between the dosage of IONPs and their potential for improving agricultural biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Ahmad
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Nayab Ahmad
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Md Shahinoor Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Mian Afaq Ahmad
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Munir
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Yalkun I, Wan H, Ye L, Yu L, He Y, Li C, Wan H. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Chemical Components in Yinhua Pinggan Granule with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2024; 29:2300. [PMID: 38792164 PMCID: PMC11124461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Yinhua Pinggan Granule (YPG) is an approved compounded traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription for the treatment of cold, cough, viral pneumonia, and related diseases. Due to its complicated chemical composition, the material basis of YPG has not been systematically investigated. In this study, an analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with Q-Exactive mass spectrometry was established. Together with the help of a self-built compound database and Compound Discoverer software 3.1, the chemical components in YPG were tentatively identified. Subsequently, six main components in YPG were quantitatively characterized with a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method. As a result, 380 components were annotated, including 19 alkaloids, 8 organic acids, 36 phenolic acids, 27 other phenols, 114 flavonoids, 75 flavonoid glycoside, 72 terpenes, 11 anthraquinones, and 18 other compounds. Six main components, namely, chlorogenic acid, puerarin, 3'-methoxypuerarin, polydatin, glycyrrhizic acid, and emodin, were quantified simultaneously. The calibration curves of all six analytes showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9990) within the test ranges. The precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery values were all in acceptable ranges. In addition, the total phenol content and DPPH scavenging activity of YPG were also determined. The systematic elucidation of the chemical components in YPG in this study may provide clear chemical information for the quality control and pharmacological research of YPG and related TCM compounded prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Ke LM, Yu DD, Su MZ, Cui L, Guo YW. In Vitro Insights into the Role of 7,8-Epoxy-11-Sinulariolide Acetate Isolated from Soft Coral Sinularia siaesensis in the Potential Attenuation of Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:95. [PMID: 38393066 PMCID: PMC10890379 DOI: 10.3390/md22020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts is essential for the process of bone remodeling. Excessive osteoclast differentiation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. In the present study, we examined whether 7,8-epoxy-11-sinulariolide acetate (Esa), a marine natural product present in soft coral Sinularia siaesensis, attenuates inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The results indicated that Esa significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells and suppressed receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-triggered osteoclastogenesis. Esa significantly down-regulated the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K pathways and reducing the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Besides, Esa treatment significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation and suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific markers such as NFATC1, MMP-9, and CTSK proteins. These findings suggest that Esa may be a potential agent for the maintenance of bone homeostasis associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Mao Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Su
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Semenescu I, Similie D, Diaconeasa Z, Danciu C. Recent Advances in the Management of Rosacea through Natural Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:212. [PMID: 38399428 PMCID: PMC10892689 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder that affects more than 5% of the world's population, with the number increasing every year. Moreover, studies show that one-third of those suffering from rosacea report a degree of depression and are less compliant with treatment. Despite being the subject of prolonged studies, the pathogenesis of rosacea remains controversial and elusive. Since most medications used for the management of this pathology have side effects or simply do not yield the necessary results, many patients lose trust in the treatment and drop it altogether. Thus, dermato-cosmetic products with natural ingredients are gaining more and more notoriety in front of synthetic ones, due to the multiple benefits and the reduced number and intensity of side effects. This review is a comprehensive up-to-date report of studies that managed to prove the beneficial effects of different botanicals that may be useful in the short and long-term management of rosacea-affected skin. Based on recent preclinical and clinical studies, this review describes the mechanisms of action of a large array of phytochemicals responsible for alleviating the clinical symptomatology of the disease. This is useful in further aiding and better comprehending the way plant-based products may help in managing this complex condition, paving the way for research in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Semenescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.S.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Diana Similie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.S.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.S.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Porsche FM, Franck J, Schmitt A. New Insights into the Anti-Oomycete Mechanisms of a Leaf Extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra Against Pseudoperonospora cubensis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:348-358. [PMID: 37698503 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0037-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is responsible for high economic losses worldwide in cucumber production. Synthetic pesticides or copper-based products are still important tools to manage the disease. However, the pathogen has developed resistance against common fungicides rather quickly, and there is a need for alternative plant-protecting agents. Glycyrrhiza glabra leaf extract is known for its antifungal activity and was highly effective in former bioassays and semi-commercial trials against downy mildew of cucumber. To elucidate the active ingredients and the mode of action, licorice leaf extract was here fractionated into five fractions (F1 to F5) with a newly developed and optimized separation process via flash chromatography. The crude extract (P1) and fraction F1 inhibited the zoospore release from sporangia, the zoospore germination, and germ tube development of P. cubensis almost completely on two cucumber cultivars, one tolerant and one susceptible to the pathogen. Infestation rates were reduced between 73 and 96%. F1 contained three previously reported antifungal polyphenols: glabranin, pinocembrin, and licoflavanon. Here, we report an additional new compound, naringenin. Furthermore, F5 is found here to show some protective effects against P. cubensis, based on either direct fungicidal or indirect effects via the host plant. The presented results show that licorice leaf extract can serve as an alternative plant protection agent, able to manage P. cubensis infestation on cucumber cultivars with differing levels of susceptibility by interfering with important early stages in the pathogen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Porsche
- Biologischer Pflanzenschutz, Julius Kühn-Institut Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen Standort Darmstadt, Schwaabenheimer Str. 101, Dossenheim, 69221, Germany
| | - Jeanine Franck
- Biologischer Pflanzenschutz, Julius Kühn-Institut Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen Standort Darmstadt, Schwaabenheimer Str. 101, Dossenheim, 69221, Germany
| | - Annegret Schmitt
- Biologischer Pflanzenschutz, Julius Kühn-Institut Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen Standort Darmstadt, Schwaabenheimer Str. 101, Dossenheim, 69221, Germany
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Docimo T, Celano R, Lambiase A, Di Sanzo R, Serio S, Santoro V, Coccetti P, Russo M, Rastrelli L, Piccinelli AL. Exploring Influence of Production Area and Harvest Time on Specialized Metabolite Content of Glycyrrhiza glabra Leaves and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:93. [PMID: 38247517 PMCID: PMC10812728 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Calabrian Glycyrrhiza glabra is one of the most appreciated licorice varieties worldwide, and its leaves are emerging as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, this biomass is usually discarded, and its valorization could contribute to boost the economic value of the licorice production chain. In this study, the effects of production area and harvest time on the specialized metabolite content of G. glabra leaves (GGL) and also the antioxidant and anti-aging properties are evaluated to explore the potential of this untapped resource and to select the most optimal harvesting practices. GGL exhibited high levels of specialized metabolites (4-30 g/100 g of dry leaf) and the most abundant ones are pinocembrin, prenylated flavanones (licoflavanone and glabranin), and prenylated dihydrostilbenes. Their levels and antioxidant capacity in extracts are influenced by both production area and harvest time, showing a decisive role on specialized metabolites accumulation. Interestingly, GGL extracts strongly attenuate the toxicity of α-synuclein, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and cellular senescence on Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing human α-synuclein model, showing great potential to prevent aging and age-related disorders. These results provide insights into the phytochemical dynamics of GGL, identifying the best harvesting site and period to obtain bioactive-rich sources with potential uses in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Docimo
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessia Lambiase
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Sanzo
- Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, Via Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Simona Serio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Paola Coccetti
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Russo
- Department of Agriculture Science, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab), University of Reggio Calabria, Via Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.D.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.S.); (V.S.); (L.R.); (A.L.P.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.L.); (P.C.)
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Yu K, Peng L, Liang W, Shi J, Zheng G, Wang H, Liang X, Wu S. Integrative metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the differences in flavonoid and terpenoid synthesis between Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) leaves and roots. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:91-101. [PMID: 38186628 PMCID: PMC10767105 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Licorice from Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots is used in foods and medicines. Although we are aware that licorice roots and leaves have distinct material compositions, the specific reasons for these differences remain unknown. Comparison of the metabolomes and transcriptomes between the leaves and roots revealed flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins were significantly different. Isoflavones were enriched in roots because of upregulation of genes encoding chalcone isomerase and flavone synthase, which are involved in isoflavone synthesis. Six triterpenoid saponins were significantly enriched only in the roots. The leaves did not accumulate glycyrrhetinic acid because of low expression levels of genes involved in its synthesis. A gene encoding a UDP glycosyltransferase, which likely catalyzes the key step in the transformation of glycyrrhetinic acid to glycyrrhizin, was screened. Our results provide information about the differences in flavonoid and triterpenoid synthesis between roots and leaves, and highlight targets for genetic engineering. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01467-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
- School of Resource, Environment and Life Science, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, 756000 China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Li Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological, Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Wenyu Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological, Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological, Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Guoqi Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological, Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Resource, Environment and Life Science, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, 756000 China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological, Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 China
| | - Shijie Wu
- School of Resource, Environment and Life Science, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, 756000 China
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Wu C, Mulakaluri A, Chaurasia P, Suryanarayana S, Singh A, Krauss N, Tahir P, Elder C, Puthiyedath R, Dhruva A. A scoping review of Ayurvedic rasayana adaptogens in oncology. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100879. [PMID: 38301299 PMCID: PMC10847161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rasayanas are Ayurvedic natural products that have adaptogenic effects. The extensive research on rasayanas in oncology is not currently well summarized. The aim of this review is to investigate the range and nature of the current body of research, identify gaps in knowledge, and to summarize the existing literature as it relates to Ayurvedic rasayanas and oncology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search of fifteen Ayurvedic adaptogen rasayanas was conducted using three main concepts: Ayurvedic herbal terms, neoplasm terms, and oncological pathways. After screening was performed, key variables were extracted (tagged) including type of adaptogen, cancer type, type of study design, constituent type, and mechanisms of action (MOA). The results were synthesized and summarized using descriptive statistics and narrative summaries. RESULTS Five hundred and eighty-four articles were reviewed and tagged. The two most tagged adaptogens were Glycyrrhiza glabra (Yashthimadhu/licorice) (n = 166 (28.4 %)) and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) (n = 151 (25.9 %)). The most frequently tagged cancer diagnostic categories were gastrointestinal (n = 175 (30 %)), and breast (n = 126 (21 %)). Most of the articles focused on in vitro studies (n = 470 (80.3 %)). Of the 12 MOA tags, the most frequently tagged was apoptosis (n = 298 (29.2 %)). CONCLUSION A large body of pre-clinical literature exists on adaptogen rasayanas in oncology, indicating this field of research is still in its early phase. Comparatively few studies focused on the effects on the immune system. Given the growing interest in immuno-oncology therapeutics and the potential impact of adaptogen rasayanas on the immune system, future research may focus more in this area, along with work that is more directly linked to future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cairn Wu
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Ashley Mulakaluri
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Pranay Chaurasia
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sindhu Suryanarayana
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ambreen Singh
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nicole Krauss
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Peggy Tahir
- UCSF Library, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Charles Elder
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Anand Dhruva
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Rezig K, Benkaci-Ali F, Foucaunier ML, Laurent S, Umar HI, Alex OD, Tata S. HPLC/ESI-MS Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cnicus benedictus L. Roots: A Study of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Alzheimer's Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202300724. [PMID: 37997548 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of Cnicus benedictus roots from four Algerian regions was investigated. Extractions were performed in both hydro-methanolic (30 : 70, v/v) and hydro-ethanolic (30 : 70, v/v) solvents. Their efficiency was determined in terms of the qualitative and quantitative composition in phenolic compounds by HPLC-LC/MS of the different extracts isolated from C. Benedictus roots. Cnicus benedictus roots extract have been characterized by high content of phenolic compounds, where the trans chalcone, 2,3-dihydro flavone, 3-hydroxy flavone and cinnamic acid constitute the major components, in addition to fourteen minor acidic compounds and flavonoids as rutin. The hydro-methanolic extract was the richest in phenolic compounds yield from C benedictus. On the other hand, hydro methanolic (30 : 70, v/v) and hydro ethanolic (30 : 70, v/v) extracts exhibited a high anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (IC50 : 6.05±94.16 μg/mL) as well as by in silico docking according two methods. Likewise, anti-Alzheimer activity of extracts was confirmed by this last technique taking into account the major compounds identified. Antibacterial tests revealed interesting results compared to amoxicillin for the different regions studied with a high content in trans chalcone and 3-hydroxy Flavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Rezig
- Ecole Normale Supérieure El Bachir El-Ibrahimi (E.N.S), Ecology and Animal Laboratory, Department of Biology, BP 92, Kouba-Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farid Benkaci-Ali
- University of Sciences and Technology HouariBoumediene (U.S.T.H.B), Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Marie-Laure Foucaunier
- University of Liège c Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- University of Mons, Unit of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular, Imaging Laboratory, 20, Place du Parc, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Haruna Isiyaku Umar
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Omoboyowa Damilola Alex
- Biochemical Pharmacology and Computational Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Samira Tata
- Ecole Normale Supérieure El Bachir El-Ibrahimi (E.N.S), Ecology and Animal Laboratory, Department of Biology, BP 92, Kouba-Algiers, Algeria
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Thakur A, Sharma B, Parashar A, Sharma V, Kumar A, Mehta V. 2D-QSAR, molecular docking and MD simulation based virtual screening of the herbal molecules against Alzheimer's disorder: an approach to predict CNS activity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:148-162. [PMID: 36970779 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the key enzyme targets that have been used clinically for the management of Alzheimer's Disorder (AD). Numerous reports in the literature predict and demonstrate in-vitro, and in-silico anticholinergic activity of herbal molecules, however, majority of them failed to find clinical application. To address these issues, we developed a 2D-QSAR model that could efficiently predict the AChE inhibitory activity of herbal molecules along with predicting their potential to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) to exert their beneficial effects during AD. Virtual screening of the herbal molecules was performed and amentoflavone, asiaticoside, astaxanthin, bahouside, biapigenin, glycyrrhizin, hyperforin, hypericin, and tocopherol were predicted as the most promising herbal molecules for inhibiting AChE. Results were validated through molecular docking, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and Molecular mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) studies against human AChE (PDB ID: 4EY7). To determine whether or not these molecules can cross BBB to inhibit AChE within the central nervous system (CNS) for being beneficial for the management of AD, we determined a CNS Multi-parameter Optimization (MPO) score, which was found in the range of 1 to 3.76. Overall, the best results were observed for amentoflavone and our results demonstrated a PIC50 value of 7.377 nM, molecular docking score of -11.5 kcal/mol, and CNS MPO score of 3.76. In conclusion, we successfully developed a reliable and efficient 2D-QSAR model and predicted amentoflavone to be the most promising molecule that could inhibit human AChE enzyme within the CNS and could prove beneficial for the management of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Thakur
- DCO, Govt. of Rajasthan, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Parashar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Tenuta MC, Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Dugay A, Bouzidi C, Marie A, Acquaviva R, Cappello AR, Deguin B. Iridoid- and flavonoid-enriched fractions of Cornus sanguinea and Cornus mas exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit key enzymes in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Food Funct 2023; 14:8838-8853. [PMID: 37694378 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02987e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Berry fruits are recognized as a "superfood" due to their high content of bioactive compounds and health benefits. Scope and approach: Herein, extracts of Cornus sanguinea and Cornus mas fresh and dried fruits obtained by different extraction procedures (ethanolic and hydroalcoholic maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and Soxhlet apparatus) were analysed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and compared to identify the main healthy compounds and their impact on the inhibition of key enzymes (pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase) associated with metabolic disorders. The antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and NF-κB pathway were also investigated. Key findings and conclusions: Flavonoids, iridoids, and phenolic acids were the main classes of identified compounds. Herein, kaempferol 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, quercetin 3-O-xyloside, and myricetin 3-O-galactoside were detected for the first time in C. sanguinea. Remarkable antioxidant effects and promising α-glucosidase and lipase inhibitory activity were observed with extracts obtained by hydroalcoholic maceration of both Cornus dried fruits. Consequently, these extracts were subjected to fractionation using Amberlite XAD-16 resin. The most promising biological activities, which are attributed to the presence of some flavonoids and iridoids, were detected with the C. sanguinea fractions, in particular SD2(II). The results of this study offer new insights into the potential development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and food supplements using the Cornus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Tenuta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy.
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, U.M.R. no. 8038, -CiTCoM- (CNRS, Université Paris Cité), F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Annabelle Dugay
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, U.M.R. no. 8038, -CiTCoM- (CNRS, Université Paris Cité), F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Chouaha Bouzidi
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, U.M.R. no. 8038, -CiTCoM- (CNRS, Université Paris Cité), F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Arul Marie
- Museum Natl Hist Nat, Mol Commun & Adaptat Microorganisms MCAM, UMR no. 7245 CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug Science - Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- Université Paris Cité, UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, U.M.R. no. 8038, -CiTCoM- (CNRS, Université Paris Cité), F-75006 Paris, France
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Tanideh N, Daneshmand F, Karimimanesh M, Mottaghipisheh J, Koohpeyma F, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Tanideh R, Irajie C, Iraji A. Hydroalcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root combined with Linum usitatissimum oil as an alternative for hormone replacement therapy in ovariectomized rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15557. [PMID: 37144184 PMCID: PMC10151376 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Plant-derived estrogens (phytoestrogens) with structural similarity to primary female sex hormones could be suitable replacements for sex hormones. Therefore, the effects of the licorice root extract and Linum usitatissimum oil on biochemical and hormonal indices in the serum and uterine stereological changes in ovariectomized rats were evaluated. Design In this study, 70 adult female rats were randomly divided into seven groups including 1) control group, 2) sham-operated group, 3) ovariectomized (OVX) group, 4) OVX rats that received 1 mg/kg estradiol for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation, 5) OVX rats which received 2.0 mg/kg body wt Linum usitatissimum oil for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation, 6) OVX rats which received 2.0 mg/kg body wt licorice extract for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation, and 7) OVX rats which received 2.0 mg/kg body wt Linum usitatissimum oil + 2.0 mg/kg body wt licorice extract for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation. After eight weeks, alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as calcium, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations were assessed and tissue samples of the uterus were serologically examined. Results The results indicated that after 8 weeks of OVX the alkaline phosphatase activity (Mean = 637.7 IU/L) increased and the calcium (Mean = 7.09 mg/dl), estradiol (5.30 pmol/L), and progesterone (Mean = 3.53 nmol/L) reduced compared to other groups. Moreover, stereological changes in the uterus in ovariectomy groups were seen compared to the other groups. The treatment with Linum usitatissimum oil and licorice extract had a significant therapeutic effect on biochemical factors and stereological changes compared to the ovariectomized group. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the combination of Linum usitatissimum oil with licorice extract showed the high potential of hormone replacement therapy in the reduction of OVX complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Javad Mottaghipisheh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Romina Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author. Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Hsieh CY, Wang CC, Tayo LL, Deng SX, Tsai PW, Lee CJ. In vitro and in vivo anti-osteoarthritis effects of tradition Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116084. [PMID: 36584922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ji-Ming-Shan (JMS) is a traditional herbal prescription consisting of seven herbs including Areca cathechu Burm.f., Citrus reticulata Blanco, Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, Euodia ruticarpa (A. Juss.) Benth., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.). It was first recorded during the Song dynasty and has been used extensively for protection against rheumatism, treatment of swelling of tendons, relief from foot pain, gout and diuresis and other forms of inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritis activity of JMS extracts with the use of different cell lines (RAW 264.7 cells, SW1353 cells and primary cultured rat chondrocytes). MIA-induced rat animal models were used to assess the anti-osteoarthritis activity of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of JMS-95E on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. For the in vivo study, male Wistar rats were used and they were randomly assigned in different groups: blank, control, positive control and three different JMS-95E treatment groups (200, 400, 800 mg/kg/d). Paw edema, hind-limb weight bearing, serum inflammatory cytokines including hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining experiments were used to assess the efficacy of the extract in the rat model. RESULT JMS 95% ethanol extract (JMS-95E, marker substance: narirutin (5.10 mg/g) and hesperidin (11.33 mg/g) has been identified in the extract using high pressure liquid chromatography. For in vitro assays, JMS-95E did not exhibit cytotoxicity and was able to downregulate the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and MMP-13. The production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2 were also reduced with an increase in dose-dependent manner in various cell lines. Inhibitory activity on the key enzyme xanthine oxidase was also observed in this study. In rat animal models, JMS-95E reduced the inflammatory responses such as acute swelling, chondrocyte degradation and pain section of paw edema in rat model. Molecular marker studies of inflammation demonstrated that JMS-95E significantly decrease PGE2 expression in MIA model. CONCLUSION JMS-95E inhibited the inflammatory pathway leading to the production or expression levels of NO, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 in macrophage cells. In primary cultured rat chondrocytes iNOS and SW1353 MMP-13 expression were downregulated after JMS-95E treatment. For the in vivo study JMS-95E significantly reduced the paw volume of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema through each dose and significantly inhibited paw volume, counterweight the distribution of hind-paw weight bearing through the MIA model which means JMS-95E could promote recovery of the acute swelling and chondrocyte degradation of the ankle joints. The above results provided the multiple mechanism of JMS-95E in OA treatment of the scientific founding which supported the description of JMS in traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Shun-Xin Deng
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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14
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Luo W, Xu G, Song Z, Mu W, Wen J, Hui S, Zhao J, Zhan X, Bai Z, Xiao X. Licorice extract inhibits the cGAS-STING pathway and protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1160445. [PMID: 37081966 PMCID: PMC10111149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1160445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation and fibrosis are typical symptoms of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway has been implicated in the progression of NASH, and targeting this pathway may represent a new therapeutic strategy. Licorice is a widely used herb with anti-inflammatory and liver-protective properties. In this study, we assessed the effect of licorice extract on the cGAS-STING pathway.Methods: Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with licorice extract and then stimulated with HT-DNA, 2'3'-cGAMP, or other agonists to activate the cGAS-STING pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were conducted to analyze whether licorice extract could affect the cGAS-STING pathway. Methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCD) was used to induce NASH in mice, which were treated with licorice extract (500 mg/kg) by gavage and/or c-176 (15 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection every 2 days. After 6 weeks of treatment, histological analysis of liver tissue was performed, along with measurements of plasma biochemical parameters.Results: Licorice extract inhibits cGAS-STING pathway activation. Mechanistically, it might function by inhibiting the oligomerization of STING. Treatment with licorice extract reduced inflammation and fibrosis in MCD diet-induced NASH mice models. Furthermore, we found that the therapeutic effect of combination treatment with licorice extract and C-176 (STING inhibitor) on the pathology and fibrosis of MCD diet-induced NASH models was similar to that of licorice extract or C-176 administered alone.Conclusion: Licorice extract can inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway and improve hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in NASH mice models. It strongly suggests that licorice extract may be a candidate therapeutic for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Xu, ; Xiaoyan Zhan, ; Zhaofang Bai, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
| | - Zheng Song
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincai Wen
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siwen Hui
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Xu, ; Xiaoyan Zhan, ; Zhaofang Bai, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Xu, ; Xiaoyan Zhan, ; Zhaofang Bai, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Xu, ; Xiaoyan Zhan, ; Zhaofang Bai, ; Xiaohe Xiao,
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15
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Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Flourensia laurifolia. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Mahmoud AMA, El-Tokhy FS, Mageed SSA, Almahli H, Al-Rashood ST, Binjubair FA, Hassab MAE, Eldehna WM, Singab AENB. Synergistic Effect of Sophora japonica and Glycyrrhiza glabra Flavonoid-Rich Fractions on Wound Healing: In Vivo and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072994. [PMID: 37049756 PMCID: PMC10096052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra and Sophora japonica (Fabaceae) are well-known medicinal plants with valuable secondary metabolites and pharmacological properties. The flavonoid-rich fractions of G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves were prepared using Diaion column chromatography, and the confirmation of flavonoid richness was confirmed using UPLC-ESI-MS profiling and total phenolics and flavonoids assays. UPLC-ESI-MS profiling of the flavonoid-rich fraction of G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves resulted in the tentative identification of 32 and 23 compounds, respectively. Additionally, the wound healing potential of topical preparations of each fraction, individually and in combination (1:1) ointment and gel preparations, were investigated in vivo, supported by histopathological examinations and biomarker evaluations, as well as molecular docking studies for the major constituents. The topical application of G. glabra ointment and gel, S. japonica ointment and gel and combination preparations significantly increase the wound healing rate and the reduction of oxidative stress in the wound area via MDA reduction and the elevation of reduced GSH and SOD levels as compared to the wound and Nolaver®-treated groups. The molecular docking study revealed that that major compounds in G. glabra and S. japonica can efficiently bind to the active sites of three proteins related to wound healing: glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β), matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Consequently, G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves may be a rich source of bioactive metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.
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Radovanović K, Gavarić N, Aćimović M. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Plants from Serbian Traditional Medicine. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040874. [PMID: 37109403 PMCID: PMC10146037 DOI: 10.3390/life13040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural protective response of the human body to a variety of hostile agents and noxious stimuli. Standard anti-inflammatory therapy includes drugs whose usage is associated with a number of side effects. Since ancient times, natural compounds have been used for the treatment of inflammation. Traditionally, the use of medicinal plants is considered safe, inexpensive, and widely acceptable. In Serbia, traditional medicine, based on the strong belief in the power of medicinal herbs, is the widespread form of treatment. This is supported by the fact that Serbia is classified as one of 158 world centers of biodiversity, which confirms that this country is a treasure of medicinal herbs. Some of the most used herbs for the treatment of inflammations of various causes in Serbian tradition are yarrow, common agrimony, couch grass, onion, garlic, marshmallow, common birch, calendula, liquorice, walnut, St. John’s wort, chamomile, peppermint, white willow, sage, and many others. The biological activity and anti-inflammatory effect of selected plants are attributed to different groups of secondary biomolecules such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, sterols, terpenoids, sesquiterpenes, and tannins. This paper provides an overview of plants with traditional anti-inflammatory use in Serbia with reference to available studies that examined this effect. Plants used in traditional medicine could be a powerful source for the development of new remedies. Therefore intensive research on the bioactive potential of medicinal plants in each region should be the focus of scientists around the world.
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Brindisi M, Frattaruolo L, Fiorillo M, Dolce V, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP, Cappello AR. New insights into cholesterol-mediated ERRα activation in breast cancer progression and pro-tumoral microenvironment orchestration. FEBS J 2023; 290:1481-1501. [PMID: 36237175 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the greatest cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Its aggressiveness and progression derive from intricate processes that occur simultaneously both within the tumour itself and in the neighbouring cells that make up its microenvironment. The aim of the present work was firstly to study how elevated cholesterol levels increase tumour aggressiveness. Herein, we demonstrate that cholesterol, by activating ERRα pathway, promotes epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) as well as the release of pro-inflammatory factors able to orchestrate the tumour microenvironment. A further objective of this work was to study the close symbiosis between tumour cells and the microenvironment. Our results allow us to highlight, for the first time, that breast cancer cells exposed to high cholesterol levels promote (a) greater macrophages infiltration with induction of an M2 phenotype, (b) angiogenesis and endothelial branching, as well as (c) a cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) phenotype. The effects observed could be due to direct activation of the ERRα pathway by high cholesterol levels, since the simultaneous inhibition of this pathway subverts such effects. Overall, these findings enable us to identify the cholesterol-ERRα synergy as an interesting target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and the Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and the Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and the Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Cai M, Xu YC, Deng B, Chen JB, Chen TF, Zeng KF, Chen S, Deng SH, Tan ZB, Ding WJ, Zhang SW, Liu B, Zhang JZ. Radix Glycyrrhizae extract and licochalcone a exert an anti-inflammatory action by direct suppression of toll like receptor 4. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115869. [PMID: 36309116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Glycyrrhizae (GL), a herbal medicine that is widely available, has shown advantages for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway has been shown to play a key role in the progression of inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of TLR4 in the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GL extract and its active constituent on acute lung injury (ALI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A model of inflammation produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established in C57BL/6 mice and macrophages derived from THP-1. To screen the active components of GL, molecular docking was used. Molecular dynamics and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) were used to study the interaction of a specific drug with the TLR4-MD2 complex. TLR4 was overexpressed by adenovirus to confirm TLR4 involvement in the anti-inflammatory activities of GL and the chosen chemical. RESULTS We observed that GL extract significantly reduced both LPS-induced ALI and the production of pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Additionally, GL inhibited the binding of Alexa 488-labeled LPS (LPS-488) to the membrane of THP-1 derived macrophages. GL drastically reduce on the expression of TLR4 and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-B (NF-κB). Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that Licochalcone A (LicoA) docked into the LPS binding site of TLR4-MD2 complex. MD2-LicoA binding conformation was found to be stable using molecular dynamic simulations. SPRi indicated that LicoA bound to TLR4-MD2 recombinant protein with a KD of 3.87 × 10-7 M. LicoA dose-dependently reduced LPS-488 binding to the cell membrane. LicoA was found to significantly inhibit LPS-induced lung damage and inflammation. Furthermore, LicoA inhibited TLR4 expression, MAPK and NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of GL and LicoA on LPS-induced inflammation and TLR4 signaling activation were partly eliminated by TLR4 overexpression. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that GL and LicoA exert inhibitory effects on inflammation by targeting the TLR4 directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China; Guangzhou Emergency Medical Command Center, Guangzhou, 510030, China.
| | - You-Cai Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Jun-Bang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Ting-Fang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Ke-Feng Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Sui-Hui Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Zhang-Bin Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Shuang-Wei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Jing-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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A Picrocrocin-Enriched Fraction from a Saffron Extract Affects Lipid Homeostasis in HepG2 Cells through a Non-Statin-like Mode. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043060. [PMID: 36834472 PMCID: PMC9965904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder associated with the loss of the physiological homeostasis that ensures safe levels of lipids in the organism. This metabolic disorder can trigger pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, statins currently represent the main pharmacological therapy, but their contraindications and side effects limit their use. This is stimulating the search for new therapeutic strategies. In this work, we investigated in HepG2 cells the hypolipidemic potential of a picrocrocin-enriched fraction, analyzed by high-resolution 1H NMR and obtained from a saffron extract, the stigmas of Crocus sativus L., a precious spice that has already displayed interesting biological properties. Spectrophotometric assays, as well as expression level of the main enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, have highlighted the interesting hypolipidemic effects of this natural compound; they seem to be exerted through a non-statin-like mechanism. Overall, this work provides new insights into the metabolic effects of picrocrocin, thus confirming the biological potential of saffron and paving the way for in vivo studies that could validate this spice or its phytocomplexes as useful adjuvants in balancing blood lipid homeostasis.
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Current advances on the therapeutic potential of pinocembrin: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114032. [PMID: 36481404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a major flavonoid found in many plants, fungi and hive products, mainly honey and propolis. Several in vitro and preclinical studies revealed numerous pharmacological activities of pinocembrin including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and anticancer activities. Here, we comprehensively review and critically analyze the studies carried out on pinocembrin. We also discuss its potential mechanisms of action, bioavailability, toxicity, and clinical investigations. The wide therapeutic window of pinocembrin makes it a promising drug candidate for many clinical applications. We recommend some future perspectives to improve its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties for better delivery that may also lead to new therapeutic advances.
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22
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Arteannuin-B and (3-Chlorophenyl)-2-Spiroisoxazoline Derivative Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Effects in LPS-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages and BALB/c Mice-Induced Proinflammatory Responses via Downregulation of NF-κB/P38 MAPK Signaling. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228068. [PMID: 36432169 PMCID: PMC9699497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Host inflammatory responses are key to protection against injury; however, persistent inflammation is detrimental and contributes to morbidity and mortality. Herein, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory role of Arteannuin-B (1) and its new spirocyclic-2-isoxazoline derivative JR-9 and their side effects in acute inflammatory condition in vivo using LPS-induced cytokines assay, carrageenan-induced paw edema, acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion. The results show that the spirocyclic-2-isoxazoline derivative is a potent anti-inflammatory agent with minimal cell toxicity as compared to Arteannuin-B. In addition, the efficacies of these compounds were also validated by flow cytometric, computational, and histopathological analysis. Our results show that the anti-inflammatory response of JR-9 significantly reduces the ability of mouse macrophages to produce NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 following LPS stimulation. Therefore, JR-9 is a prospective candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs and its molecular mechanism is likely related to the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway.
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Banerjee S, Baidya SK, Adhikari N, Ghosh B, Jha T. Glycyrrhizin as a promising kryptonite against SARS-CoV-2: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical evidences. J Mol Struct 2022; 1275:134642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Basist P, Zahiruddin S, Khan MU, Gautam G, Jan B, Khan MA, Parveen R, Ahmad S. Metabolite profiling and nephroprotective potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1286-1298. [PMID: 36474572 PMCID: PMC9699950 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65478.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical analysis and demonstrate the nephroprotective potential of root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. against cisplatin (CP) -induced nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HPTLC analysis and UPLC-MS were carried out for standardizing and metabolite profiling of methanolic extract of roots of G. glabra (GGE). Further, in vitro studies were conducted in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-oxidant potential of GGE with CP as a toxicant and ascorbic acid as standard. Also, in vivo nephroprotective potential at doses of 31.5, 63, and 126 mg/kg/day on CP (6 mg/kg, bw, IP) induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated on rodents. RESULTS Phytochemical analysis by HPTLC and UPLC-MS revealed the presence of glycyrrhizin, glabridin, and liquiritin along with other bioactive constituents. The in vitro assay of GGE showed significant (P<0.001 nephroprotective, cellular anti-oxidant potential and improvement in morphological changes induced by CP. Further, administration of CP caused significant (P<0.001) elevation in biochemical, inflammatory, oxidative stress, caspase-3, as well as histopathological changes in kidney tissue. Pre-treatment with GGE attenuated the elevated biochemical markers significantly, improved histopathological damage, and showed a comparable result to ascorbic acid and α-ketoanalogue. CONCLUSION Present study concluded the nephroprotective potential of GGE which supports the traditional claim of G. glabra roots in various kidney and its related disorders. The nephroprotective activity may be attributed to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects. Thus, it holds promising potential in management of nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parakh Basist
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Mohammad Umar Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Gaurav Gautam
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Bisma Jan
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062,Corresponding author: Sayeed Ahmad. Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062; Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine (Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062. Tel: +91-8587883147; Fax: +91-11-26059663;
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Mendez-Pfeiffer P, Ballesteros-Monrreal MG, Gaona-Ochoa J, Juarez J, Gastelum-Cabrera M, Montaño-Leyva B, Arenas-Hernández M, Caporal-Hernandez L, Ortega-García J, Barrios-Villa E, Velazquez C, Valencia D. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Seasonal Samples of Sonoran Desert Propolis: Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity against Clinical Isolates of Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091853. [PMID: 36145600 PMCID: PMC9503092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have gained importance as a health problem worldwide, and novel antibacterial agents are needed to combat them. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been studied as a potent antimicrobial agent, capable of countering MDR bacteria; nevertheless, their conventional synthesis methods can produce cytotoxicity and environmental hazards. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has emerged as an alternative to reduce the cytotoxic and environmental problems derived from their chemical synthesis, using natural products as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Sonoran Desert propolis (SP) is a poplar-type propolis rich in polyphenolic compounds with remarkable biological activities, such as being antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial, and is a suitable candidate for synthesis of AgNPs. In this study, we synthesized AgNPs using SP methanolic extract (SP-AgNPs) and evaluated the reduction capacity of their seasonal samples and main chemical constituents. Their cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines and antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria were assessed. Quercetin and galangin showed the best-reduction capacity for synthesizing AgNPs, as well as the seasonal sample from winter (SPw-AgNPs). The SPw-AgNPs had a mean size of around 16.5 ± 5.3 nm, were stable in different culture media, and the presence of propolis constituents was confirmed by FT-IR and HPLC assays. The SPw-AgNPs were non-cytotoxic to ARPE-19 and HeLa cell lines and presented remarkable antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against multi-drug resistant clinical isolates, with E. coli 34 and ATCC 25922 being the most susceptible (MBC = 25 μg/mL), followed by E. coli 2, 29, 37 and PNG (MBC = 50 μg/mL), and finally E. coli 37 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MBC = 100 μg/mL). These results demonstrated the efficacy of SP as a reducing and stabilizing agent for synthesis of AgNPs and their capacity as an antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mendez-Pfeiffer
- Department of Chemistry-Biology and Agropecuary Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, H. Caborca, Hermosillo 83600, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Manuel G. Ballesteros-Monrreal
- Department of Chemistry-Biology and Agropecuary Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, H. Caborca, Hermosillo 83600, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jesus Gaona-Ochoa
- Department of Chemistry-Biology and Agropecuary Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, H. Caborca, Hermosillo 83600, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Josue Juarez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Beatriz Montaño-Leyva
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Margarita Arenas-Hernández
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Pue, Mexico
| | - Liliana Caporal-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry-Biology and Agropecuary Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, H. Caborca, Hermosillo 83600, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jesús Ortega-García
- Department of Chemistry-Biology and Agropecuary Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, H. Caborca, Hermosillo 83600, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Edwin Barrios-Villa
- Department of Chemistry-Biology and Agropecuary Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, H. Caborca, Hermosillo 83600, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Carlos Velazquez
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Dora Valencia
- Department of Chemistry-Biology and Agropecuary Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, H. Caborca, Hermosillo 83600, Sonora, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Ouyang T, Yin H, Yang J, Liu Y, Ma S. Tissue regeneration effect of betulin via inhibition of ROS/MAPKs/NF-ĸB axis using zebrafish model. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Jayasinghe AMK, Han EJ, Kirindage KGIS, Fernando IPS, Kim EA, Kim J, Jung K, Kim KN, Heo SJ, Ahn G. 3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Isolated from Polysiphonia morrowii Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Stimulated Inflammation and Deterioration of Skin Barrier in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090563. [PMID: 36135752 PMCID: PMC9504623 DOI: 10.3390/md20090563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysiphonia morrowii is a well-known red alga that has promising pharmacological characteristics. The current study evaluates the protective effect of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BDB) isolated from P. morrowii on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated inflammation and skin barrier deterioration in HaCaT keratinocytes. The anti-inflammatory effect of BDB in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes is evaluated by investigating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Further, the interaction between BDB and the skin barrier functions in stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes is investigated. The findings of the study reveal that BDB dose-dependently increases cell viability while decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. BDB downregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and chemokines, Eotaxin, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) by modulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. Furthermore, BDB increases the production of skin hydration proteins and tight junction proteins in stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes by preserving skin moisturization and tight junction stability. These findings imply that BDB exhibits a protective ability against inflammation and deterioration of skin barrier via suppressing the expression of inflammatory signaling in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eui-Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | | | | | - Eun-A Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
| | - Junseong Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.H.); (G.A.); Tel.: +82-64-798-6101 (S.-J.H.); +82-61-659-7213 (G.A.)
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.H.); (G.A.); Tel.: +82-64-798-6101 (S.-J.H.); +82-61-659-7213 (G.A.)
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Atheroprotective Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154697. [PMID: 35897875 PMCID: PMC9332620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis are the major cause of death in developed countries. Early prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis are considered to be an important aspect of the therapy of cardiovascular disease. Preparations based on natural products affect the main pathogenetic steps of atherogenesis, and so represent a perspective for the long-term prevention of atherosclerosis development. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the multiple beneficial effects of licorice and its bioactive compounds—anti-inflammatory, anti-cytokine, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, and anti-platelet action—which allow us to consider licorice as a promising atheroprotective agent. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the licorice anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms of action based on the results of experimental studies, including the results of the in vitro study demonstrating licorice effect on the ability of blood serum to reduce intracellular cholesterol accumulation in cultured macrophages, and presented the results of clinical studies confirming the ameliorating activity of licorice in regard to traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as the direct anti-atherosclerotic effect of licorice.
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Patil SF, Shahapurkar VV, Khanal P. Effect of an Ayurveda antidote Dooshivishari Agada in carboplatin induced myelosuppression in Male Wistar rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100599. [PMID: 35863084 PMCID: PMC9304609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carboplatin is one of the common chemotherapeutic agents in the management of various malignant conditions. Myelosuppression remains one of the major adverse effects of it that leads to compromised quality of life and can procrastinate or cease the chemotherapy regimen. Increasing shreds of evidence suggest the role of Complementary and alternate medicine in palliative cancer care. Ayurveda has prescribed Dooshivishari Agada (DVA) as an anti-dote for similar conditions mentioned above which arise out of sub-lethal toxic substances called Dooshivisha (DV). Objective The present study was carried out to evaluate the role of DVA in myelosuppression among rats. Method Male Wistar rats weighing 250–275 g were divided into three groups, Group I was administered normal saline and acted as Normal control. Group II and III received a single dose of carboplatin (60 mg/kg through the tail vein) on day one and acted as disease control. Group III received experimental drug DVA 256 mg/kg orally for the next 18 days. Animals were bled on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 for hematological analysis. Results DVA prolonged the nadir time for Hb, RBC, and WBC counts from day 9 to day 12 when compared to the carboplatin group. In terms of Platelet count, there was no significant difference over carboplatin. Group III showed a significant increase in Total reticulocyte count in comparison to group II. Conclusion Present study showed that DVA may help in delaying the myelosuppression which needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh F Patil
- Department of Agadatantra, KLEU Shri B M K Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Nath Pai Circle, Shahpur, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590003, India.
| | | | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
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Prenylated Flavonoids in Topical Infections and Wound Healing. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144491. [PMID: 35889363 PMCID: PMC9323352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review presents prenylated flavonoids as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of topical skin infections and wounds, as they can restore the balance in the wound microenvironment. A thorough two-stage search of scientific papers published between 2000 and 2022 was conducted, with independent assessment of results by two reviewers. The main criteria were an MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of up to 32 µg/mL, a microdilution/macrodilution broth method according to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) or EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing), pathogens responsible for skin infections, and additional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and low cytotoxic effects. A total of 127 structurally diverse flavonoids showed promising antimicrobial activity against pathogens affecting wound healing, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus strains, but only artocarpin, diplacone, isobavachalcone, licochalcone A, sophoraflavanone G, and xanthohumol showed multiple activity, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory along with low cytotoxicity important for wound healing. Although prenylated flavonoids appear to be promising in wound therapy of humans, and also animals, their activity was measured only in vitro and in vivo. Future studies are, therefore, needed to establish rational dosing according to MIC and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values, test potential toxicity to human cells, measure healing kinetics, and consider formulation in smart drug release systems and/or delivery technologies to increase their bioavailability.
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Rabbani F, Raeisi M, Keivanfar M, Saffaei A, Sabzghabaee AM. The Efficacy of an Oral Formulation of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Viola odorata, and Operculina turpethum as an Add-on Therapy for Mild-to-moderate Childhood Asthma: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Res Pharm Pract 2022; 11:116-123. [PMID: 37304220 PMCID: PMC10252578 DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_77_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an oral combined tablet of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Viola odorata, and Operculina turpethum (Anti-Asthma®) as an add-on therapy for the relief of the severity of symptoms in mild-to-moderate childhood asthma. Methods This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 children and adolescents with chronic mild-to-moderate childhood asthma. Patients were randomly divided into cases who received Anti-Asthma® oral combined tablets 2 tablets twice dailt for 1 month and controls, received placebo tablets identically the same to Anti-Asthma® (2 tablets, twice daily, for 1 month) as add-ons to their standard therapy according to the guideline. The severity and frequency of cough attacks and shortness of breath, respiratory test indices (based on spirometry), and the extent of disease control and treatment adherence were measured clinically by validated questionnaires at the beginning and after the study. Findings Respiratory test indices improved and the severity of activity restriction decreased significantly in the cases compared to the controls However, the mean difference before and after the study was significantly different between the cases and controls only for the number and severity of coughs and the severity of activity restriction. In the scores of the Asthma Control Questionnaire, the cases group had a significant improvement compared to the controls. Conclusion Anti-Asthma® oral formulation may be effective as an adjunct add-on treatment in the maintenance therapy of mild-to-moderate childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Rabbani
- Pharmacy Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Raeisi
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Imam Hossein Children’s Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Keivanfar
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Imam Hossein Children’s Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Saffaei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Efficacy of a Persian herbal medicine compound on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a randomized clinical trial. Integr Med Res 2022; 11:100869. [PMID: 35783542 PMCID: PMC9233882 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2022.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global attention to the capacities of traditional medicine for alleviating the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 has been growing. The present trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a Persian herbal medicine formula among patients with COVID-19. Methods The present trial was conducted in Afzalipour hospital, Kerman, Iran, from June to September 2020. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients were randomly divided into intervention (Persian herbal medicine formula + routine treatment) or control (only routine treatment) groups. The intervention group received both capsule number 1 and 2 every 8 hours for 7 days. Capsule number 1 contained extract of the Glycyrrhiza glabra, Punica granatum, and Rheum palmatum, and the second capsule was filled by Nigella sativa powder. Participants were followed up to 7 days. The primary outcome was the number of hospitalization days, while cough, fever, and respiratory rate, days on oxygen (O2) therapy, and mortality rate were considered as the secondary outcomes. Results Eighty-two patients were enrolled to the study, while 79 cases completed the trial and their data were analyzed (mean age: 59.1 ± 17.1 years). Based on the results, the Persian medicine formula decreased the mean hospitalization days, so that the mean difference of length of hospitalization as primary outcome was 2.95 ± 0.43 days. A significant clinical improvement was observed regarding dyspnea, need for O2) therapy, and respiratory rate in the intervention group. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusion The present study supported the use of the Persian medicine formula as an adjuvant therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Study registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir): IRCT20200330046899N1. Study registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir): IRCT20200330046899N1.
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Tao W, Yue X, Ye R, Nabi F, Shang Y, Zhu Z, Ahmed BZ, Liu J. Hepatoprotective Effect of the Penthorum Chinense Pursh Extract against the CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury via NF-κB and p38-MAPK PATHWAYS in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050569. [PMID: 35268138 PMCID: PMC8909057 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI), manifested by acute hepatocellular damages and necrosis, is a life-threatening clinical syndrome and Penthorum Chinense Pursh (PCP) is a well-known folk medicine practiced for liver-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of PCP extract (PCPE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced ALI in dogs via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Healthy dogs were induced by CCl4 and treated with different dosage regimes of PCPE for 7 days. CCl4 produced acute liver injury and induced both oxidative stress and an inflammatory response in dogs. The PCPE significantly ameliorated and improved vacuolar inflammatory lesions in liver tissues during ALI, enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase, and restored glutathione peroxidase, further significantly reducing the indices of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in serum. Inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were declined and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) were increased by the application of PCPE. PCPE treatment, down-regulated the MEKK4, MKK3, p38MAPK, MSK1, and NF-κB, and upregulated the IkB mRNA levels (p < 0.01) in ALI affected dogs. In conclusion, PCPE repaired acute liver injury by improving antioxidant enzymes and by reducing oxidation products. Furthermore, the PCPE inhibited the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, which resulted in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on ALI-induced dogs. In the future, PCPE could be a useful ethnomedicine in veterinary clinical practices for the treatment of liver injuries or failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (W.T.); (X.Y.); (R.Y.); (F.N.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xin Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (W.T.); (X.Y.); (R.Y.); (F.N.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ruiling Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (W.T.); (X.Y.); (R.Y.); (F.N.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Fazul Nabi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (W.T.); (X.Y.); (R.Y.); (F.N.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yangfei Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (W.T.); (X.Y.); (R.Y.); (F.N.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhaorong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (W.T.); (X.Y.); (R.Y.); (F.N.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
- Chinese Veterinary Herbal Drugs Innovation Research Lab, University Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center in Chongqing, Chongqing 402460, China
- Immunology Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Bhutto Zohaib Ahmed
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water, and Marine Sciences, Uthal 90150, Pakistan;
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (W.T.); (X.Y.); (R.Y.); (F.N.); (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
- Chinese Veterinary Herbal Drugs Innovation Research Lab, University Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center in Chongqing, Chongqing 402460, China
- Immunology Research Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
- Correspondence:
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Jayasinghe AMK, Kirindage KGIS, Fernando IPS, Han EJ, Oh GW, Jung WK, Ahn G. Fucoidan Isolated from Sargassum confusum Suppresses Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress in TNF-α/IFN-γ- Stimulated HaCaT Keratinocytes by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:117. [PMID: 35200646 PMCID: PMC8880602 DOI: 10.3390/md20020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that marine brown seaweeds contain numerous bioactive compounds which exhibit various bioactivities. The present study investigated the effect of low molecular weight fucoidan (SCF) isolated from Sargassum confusum, a brown alga, on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ. SCF significantly increased the cell viability while decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, SCF effectively reduced inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and chemokines (Eotaxin, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)) expression, by down-regulating the expression of epithelial and epidermal innate cytokines (IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)). Furthermore, SCF suppressed the activation of TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, while activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. The cytoprotective effect of SCF against TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation was considerably reduced upon inhibition of HO-1 activity by ZnPP. Overall, these results suggest that SCF effectively suppressed inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (A.M.K.J.); (K.G.I.S.K.); (E.J.H.)
- Research Center for Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (A.M.K.J.); (K.G.I.S.K.); (E.J.H.)
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
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Bisht D, Rashid M, Arya RKK, Kumar D, Chaudhary SK, Rana VS, Sethiya NK. Revisiting liquorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as anti-inflammatory, antivirals and immunomodulators: Potential pharmacological applications with mechanistic insight. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100206. [PMID: 35403088 PMCID: PMC8683220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (G. glabra) commonly known as liquorice is one of the highly exploited and utilized medicinal plant of the world. Since ancient times liquorice is considered as an auspicious and valuable traditional medicine across the world for treatment of various ailments. METHOD Several electronic online scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, online books and reports were assessed for collecting information. All the collected information was classified into different sections to meet the objective of the paper. RESULTS The electronic database search yielded 3908 articles from different countries. Out of them one ninety-eight articles published between 1956 and 2021 were included, corresponding to all detailed review on G. glabra and research on anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory through pre-clinical and clinical models. From all selective area of studies on G. glabra and its bioactive components it was established (including molecular mechanisms) as a suitable remedy as per the current requirement of pandemic situation arise through respiratory tract infection. CONCLUSION Different relevant studies have been thoroughly reviewed to gain an insight on utility of liquorice and its bioactive constituents for anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory effects with special emphasized for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection with possible mechanism of action at molecular level. Proposed directions for future research are also outlined to encourage researchers to find out various mechanistic targets and useful value added products of liquorice in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Mohmmad Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Al-Qassim, 31717, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India
| | | | - Vijay Singh Rana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Neeraj K Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
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Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Chemical Characterization, and Impact on Cell Viability of Food Wastes Derived from Southern Italy Autochthonous Citrus Fruits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020285. [PMID: 35204168 PMCID: PMC8868432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are one of the principal fruits used to produce juices. Over the years, these fruits have been recognized as new health-promoting agents. In this work, food wastes derived from autochthonous citrus fruits of Southern Italy, named Limone di Rocca Imperiale, Arancia Rossa Moro, and Arancia Bionda Tardivo from Trebisacce, were analyzed. After fresh-squeezing juice, peel and pomace were employed to obtain six different extracts using an ultrasound-assisted method in a hydroalcoholic solvent. The extracts were analyzed in terms of qualitative composition, antioxidant properties, and antiproliferative activity on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and BJ-hTERT cell lines. GC-MS and LC-ESI-MS analyses showed different compounds: of note, limonin-hexoside, neodiosmin, obacunone glucoside, and diacetyl nomilinic acid glucoside have been identified as limonoid structures present in all the samples, in addition to different polyphenols including naringenin-glucoside, hesperetin-O-hexoside-O-rhamnoside-O-glucoside, diferuloyl-glucaric acid ester, chlorogenic acid, and the presence of fatty acids such as palmitic, myristic, and linoleic acids. These extracts were able to exert antioxidant activity as demonstrated by DPPH and ABTS assays and, although at higher doses, to reduce the cell viability of different solid tumor cell lines, as shown in MTT assays.
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Abraham J, Florentine S. Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra) Extracts-Suitable Pharmacological Interventions for COVID-19? A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2600. [PMID: 34961070 PMCID: PMC8708549 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Even though vaccination has started against COVID-19, people should continue maintaining personal and social caution as it takes months or years to get everyone vaccinated, and we are not sure how long the vaccine remains efficacious. In order to contribute to the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms, the pharmaceutical industry aims to develop antiviral drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication and produce anti-inflammatory medications that will inhibit the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is the primary cause of mortality among the COVID-19 patients. In reference to these tasks, this article considers the properties of a medicinal plant named licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), whose phytochemicals have shown both antiviral and anti-inflammatory tendencies through previous studies. All the literature was selected through extensive search in various databases such as google scholar, Scopus, the Web of Science, and PubMed. In addition to the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, one of the licorice components has an autophagy-enhancing mechanism that studies have suggested to be necessary for COVID-19 treatment. Based on reviewing relevant professional and historical literature regarding the medicinal properties of licorice, it is suggested that it may be worthwhile to conduct in vitro and in vivo studies, including clinical trials with glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids together with other flavonoids found in licorice, as there is the potentiality to provide natural interventions against COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Abraham
- School of Engineering, Information Technology, and Physical Sciences, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- Centre for Environmental Management, School of Science, Psychology, and Sport, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
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Efficacy and safety of novel herbal tablets in COVID-19 patients in hospital stay days, ICU admission and mortality rate thereof: An open-label, single-blind randomized clinical trial. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.117677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the super-spreading virus, has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the novel suggested herbal compound, formulated as compressed tablets, in reducing the length of hospital stay (LoS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality in confirmed COVID-19 cases. Methods: Following an open-label, single-blind randomized clinical trial design, a total of 200 patients aged 18-65 admitted to Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz, northwest of Iran, were randomized to intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio, i.e., 100 subjects in each group. The former received standard treatment along with the compressed herbal tablets, and the latter only received the standard treatment. Adverse reactions incidence within 180 days after the beginning of the intervention was set as the primary safety endpoint. The most important and active ingredients of the tablets were Terminalia chebula, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Senna alexandrina, Ferrula asafoetida, Pistacia lentiscus, Zizyphus jujuba, Crocus sativus, Echinacea angustifolia, and Hyssopus officinalis. This trial is registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (code: IRCT20200522047545N1). Results: Those in the intervention arm had significantly lower rates of LoS (7.38 vs. 9.45, P = 0.030), ICU admission (6 out of 100 vs. 32 out of 100, P = 0.000), and mortality (1 vs. 19 out of 100, P = 0.000). Conclusions: Our observations suggest that adequate improvement is provided by the prepared herbal compound along with substantial savings in hospitalization hoteling costs. While further multi-center studies with a larger sample size are needed to extend our knowledge regarding the effect of this new option, these novel clinical data may well provide a new alternative for the management of COVID-19 disease.
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Liu S, Song D, Yuan D. Bergamottin protects against LPS-induced endotoxic shock by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Immunol Res 2021; 70:33-43. [PMID: 34632552 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bergamottin is a natural furanocoumarin compound that possesses antioxidative and anti-cancer properties; however, the effect of Bergamottin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation response is unknown. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of Bergamottin against LPS-induced inflammatory responses.Raw264.7 cells were pre-treated with Bergamottin, then stimulated with LPS. Morphologic analysis and flow cytometry were used to measure Bergamottin-related cytotoxicity. ELISA and qPCR were performed to measure secretion and transcription activities of inflammatory cytokines. Biochemical analysis was used to determine the expression of tissues damage indicators. Western blots were used to determine protein expression, and immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the co-localization of NF-κB and RelA. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to show the pathological damages.Bergamottin had no cytotoxic effects on Raw264.7 cells. Pre-treatment with Bergamottin inhibited inflammatory cytokines expression and secretion induced by LPS, due to the inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activation, and improved pathological damages. These findings suggest that Bergamottin protects against LPS-induced endotoxin shock by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research On High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Song
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research On High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dongya Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research On High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shaanxi, China
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Alam MA, Gani MA, Shama G, Sofi G, Quamri MA. Possible role of Unani Pharmacology in COVID-19 - a narrative review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:391-396. [PMID: 33155997 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Razes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, Jurjani etc. Presently, there is no specific or challenging treatment available for COVID-19. Renowned Unani Scholars recommended during epidemic situation to stay at home, and fumigate the shelters with aromatics herbs like Ood kham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Sandal (Santalum album L), Hing (Ferula foetida L.) etc. Use of specific Unani formulations are claimed effective for the management of such epidemic or pandemic situation like antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai, Tiryaqe Arba, Tiryaqe Azam, Gile Armani), Herbal Decoction (Joshandah), along with Sharbate Khaksi, Habbe Bukhar, Sharbate Zanjabeel, Khamira Marwareed, Jawarish Jalinus, and Sirka (vinegar). Such drugs are claimed for use as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiotonic, and general tonic actions. The study enumerates the literature regarding management of epidemics in Unani medicine and attempts to look the same in the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Abdul Gani
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - G Shama
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Government Unani Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Exploring the Protective Effects of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Extract on LPS-Treated Fibroblasts. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microalgal extracts are an important source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can be used in cosmetics. The microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) is known for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, which are known to attenuate inflammation. Here, we explore the effects of aqueous microencapsulated extract of PT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) to underline its application as an active ingredient in cosmetics. Methods: We assessed cell viability using MTT assay, so as to target any potential cytotoxicity of the extract. Moreover, with the aid of RT-qPCR, we studied the transcript accumulation of genes involved in cell antioxidant response, cell proliferation, and inflammation. Results: Our results revealed that the hydrolyzed rice flour-encapsulated (HRF) PT extract promotes anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response, increasing cell proliferation in NHDF cells. Conclusions: Our data indicate a promising use of HRF-encapsulated PT extract in cosmetics by reducing skin inflammation.
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Gomaa AA, Abdel-Wadood YA. The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 1:100043. [PMID: 35399823 PMCID: PMC7886629 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have stated that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract are present in most traditional Chinese medicine formulas used against SARS-CoV-2 in China. Significant data are showing that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract have multiple beneficial activities in combating most features of SARS-CoV-2. PURPOSE The aim of current review was to highlight recent progresses in research that showed the evidence of the potential use of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract against COVID-19. METHODOLOGY We have reviewed the information published from 1979 to October 2020. These studies demonstrated the effects , use and safety of glycyrrhizin and icorice extract against viral infections,bacterial infections, inflammatory disorders of lung ( in vitro and in vivo). These studies were collated through online electronic databases research (Academic libraries as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Egyptian Knowledge Bank). RESULTS Pooled effect size of articles provides information about the rationale for using glycyrrhizin and licorice extract to treat COVID-19. Fifty studies demonstrate antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract. The most frequent mechanism of the antiviral activity is due to disrupting viral uptake into the host cells and disrupting the interaction between receptor- binding domain (RBD) of SARS-COV2 and ACE2 in recent articles. Fifty studies indicate that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract have significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Twenty five studies provide evidence for the protective effect of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract against inflammation-induced acute lung injury and cardiovascular disorders. CONCLUSION The current study showed several evidence regarding the beneficial effects of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19. More randomized clinical trials are needed to obtain a precise conclusion.
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Key Words
- 18β-GA, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid
- : ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ALI, acute lung injury
- ARDS, acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Acute lung injury protector
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- DCs, dendritic cells
- Gl, glycyrrhizin
- Glycyrrhizin and licorice extract;Antiviral and antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- IL, interleukin
- Immunododulator
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- MR, mineralocorticoid receptor
- MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- NO, nitric oxide
- RBD, receptor-binding domain
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S, Spike
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TMPRSS2, type 2 transmembrane serine protease
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- h, hour
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- licorice extract, LE
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut Universitya, Beni-Suif, Egypt
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Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7571132. [PMID: 34349875 PMCID: PMC8328722 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7571132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Glycyrrhiza genus, generally well-known as licorice, is broadly used for food and medicinal purposes around the globe. The genus encompasses a rich pool of bioactive molecules including triterpene saponins (e.g., glycyrrhizin) and flavonoids (e.g., liquiritigenin, liquiritin). This genus is being increasingly exploited for its biological effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The species Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and the compound glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) have been studied immensely for their effect on humans. The efficacy of the compound has been reported to be significantly higher on viral hepatitis and immune deficiency syndrome. This review provides up-to-date data on the most widely investigated Glycyrrhiza species for food and medicinal purposes, with special emphasis on secondary metabolites' composition and bioactive effects.
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Dzampaeva ZV, Datieva FS, Esenova ZS, Takoeva EA. Efficacy of Complex Phytoadaptogens as an Adjunct to Non-surgical Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:348-356. [PMID: 34268198 PMCID: PMC8257011 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_56_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many herbal formulas are used in dentistry in the complex treatment and prevention of periodontitis, but it is not always possible to achieve a long-term remission and stimulate regeneration of periodontal structures. Aim: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of chronotherapy with complex phytoadaptogens (CFA) as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) and to achieve long-term remission. Materials and Methods: Forty systemically healthy patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (probing pocket depth ≥5 mm) were randomly divided into two groups: patients in one group received treatment with NSPT alone (group 2), whereas patients in another group received CFA in addition to NSPT (group 3). Twenty individuals with healthy periodontium (group 1) composed a control group. The clinical outcomes, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), Periodontal Index (PI), and Doppler ultrasound results, were assessed on baseline, after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between groups 2 and 3, in favor of group 3 in terms of microcirculation parameters—S (P = 0.03), M (P = 0.02), D (P = 0.03), and RI (P = 0.005); indicators of PI (P = 0.005), SBI (P = 0.03), and OHI-S (P = 0.006) were closer to the normal values during 6-month follow-up. Also there was a statistical difference (P < 0.05) at all time points compared with controls, for several parameters in intragroup comparison. Conclusion: The data obtained confirm the hypothesis that CFA application in chronic periodontitis treatment is more than appropriate for long-term prevention due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, stress-limiting, chronotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Valerevna Dzampaeva
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations-The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladikavkaz, Russia
| | - Fatima Sergeevna Datieva
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations-The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladikavkaz, Russia
| | - Zaira Savelevna Esenova
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Named After A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Astanovna Takoeva
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations-The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladikavkaz, Russia
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Brindisi M, Bouzidi C, Frattaruolo L, Loizzo MR, Cappello MS, Dugay A, Deguin B, Lauria G, Cappello AR, Tundis R. New Insights into the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Italian Salvia officinalis Leaf and Flower Extracts in Lipopolysaccharide and Tumor-Mediated Inflammation Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020311. [PMID: 33669555 PMCID: PMC7922507 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate and compare the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) from Italy, with the aim of raising its current knowledge in this field. Leaves and flowers (S1–S8), harvested in two areas of Southern Italy, were extracted with methanol as a solvent by maceration or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Sage extracts, analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography-diode-array detection-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-MS), exerted a promising antioxidant activity investigated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and β-carotene bleaching tests, and elicited a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The anti-inflammatory activity was analysed in the same in vitro model. All the extracts did not affect cell viability although they showed anti-inflammatory activity, as they induced a decrease in nitrite levels that was greater than 50%, when employed at 50 µg/mL. Furthermore, they elicited a decrease in nitrite levels, as well as a decline in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The NF-κB transcription factor proved to be involved in the mechanisms that underlie such effects. Interestingly, sage extracts were able to interfere with the inflammatory activity induced by breast cancer cell-conditioned media (nitrite levels were significantly decreased, p < 0.05; p < 0.01), highlighting for the first time the important role of S. officinalis in controlling inflammation processes related to neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Chouaha Bouzidi
- UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, U.M.R. n°8038, CiTCoM-(CNRS, Université de Paris), F-75006 Paris, France; (C.B.); (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Monica R. Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Maria Stella Cappello
- CNR, Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Annabelle Dugay
- UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, U.M.R. n°8038, CiTCoM-(CNRS, Université de Paris), F-75006 Paris, France; (C.B.); (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- UFR de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, U.M.R. n°8038, CiTCoM-(CNRS, Université de Paris), F-75006 Paris, France; (C.B.); (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Graziantonio Lauria
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.C.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.B.); (L.F.); (M.R.L.); (G.L.); (R.T.)
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Patel B, Sharma S, Nair N, Majeed J, Goyal RK, Dhobi M. Therapeutic opportunities of edible antiviral plants for COVID-19. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2345-2364. [PMID: 33587232 PMCID: PMC7882868 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of Serious Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that produces corona virus disease (COVID-19) has challenged the entire mankind by rapidly spreading globally in 210 countries affecting over 25 million people and about 1 million deaths worldwide. It continues to spread, afflicting the health system globally. So far there is no remedy for the ailment and the available antiviral regimens have been unsatisfactory for the clinical outcomes and the mode of treatment has been mainly supportive for the prevention of COVID-19-induced morbidity and mortality. From the time immortal the traditional plant-based ethno-medicines have provided the leads for the treatment of infectious diseases. Phytopharmaceuticals have provided potential and less toxic antiviral drugs as compared to conventional modern therapeutics which are associated with severe toxicities. The ethnopharmacological knowledge about plants has provided food supplements and nutraceuticals as a promise for prevention and treatment of the current pandemic. In this review article, we have attempted to comprehend the information about the edible medicinal plant materials with potential antiviral activity specifically against RNA virus which additionally possess property to improve immunity along with external and internal respiration and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties for the prevention and treatment of the disease. This will open an arena for the development of novel nutraceutical herbal formulations as an alternative therapy that can be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Nisha Nair
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Jaseela Majeed
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Alam MA, Quamri MA, Ayman U, Sofi G, Renuka BN. Understanding Humma-e-Wabai (epidemic fever) and Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic disease) in the light of Unani medicine. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:469-476. [PMID: 33544515 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of Humma-e-Wabai were described several years ago in the Unani System of Medicine close to the clinical manifestation associated with epidemic or pandemic situations. In the Unani System of Medicine, Humma-e-Wabai described under the legend of epidemic disease (Amraz-e-Wabai). Amraz-e-Wabai is an umbrella term which is applied for all types of epidemic or pandemic situation. Renowned Unani Scientists like; Zakariya Rhazi (865-925 AD), Ali Ibn Abbas Majusi (930-994 AD), Ibn Sina (980-1037 AD), Ismail Jorjani (1,042-1,137 AD), Ibn Rushd etc., explained that Humma-e-Waba is an extremely rigorous, lethal fever, that is caused due to morbid air (fasid hawa) and it frequently spreads among the larger population in the society. There are four etiological factors responsible for Amraz-e-Wabai viz; change in the quality of air, water, earth, and celestial bodies, which was described by Ibn Sina in Canon of Medicine. He also advised that movements should be limited during epidemic situations. Shelters should be fumigated with loban (Styrax benzoin W. G. Craib ex Hartwich.), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Oodkham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Hing (Ferula foetida L.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), and sandalwood (Santalum album L.), etc. The use of vinegar (sirka) and rose water (arque gulab) has been advocated to prevent the infection by spray. Avoid consumption of flesh, oil, milk, sweets, alcohol. Food prepared with vinegar. Specific antidotes (e.g. Tiryaq-e-Wabai, Tiryaq-e-Farooque), should be used as prophylaxis. This review attempts to explain the concept, prevention, and management of epidemic or pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Umme Ayman
- Department of Regimenal Therapy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Department of Ilmul Advia, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Phytochemical Analysis and Habitat Suitability Mapping of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Collected in the Hatay Region of Turkey. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235529. [PMID: 33255802 PMCID: PMC7728332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and quality of licorice depend on various environmental factors, including the local climate and soil properties; therefore, its cultivation is often unsuccessful. The current study investigated the key factors that affect the contents of bioactive compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root and estimated suitable growth zones from collection sites in the Hatay region of Turkey. The contents of three bioactive compounds (glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, and liquiritin), soil factors (pH, soil bearing capacity, and moisture content), and geographical information (slope, aspect, curvature, elevation, and hillshade) were measured. Meteorological data (temperature and precipitation) were also obtained. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed on the data. The soil bearing capacity, moisture content, slope, aspect, curvature, and elevation of the study area showed statistically significant effects on the glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin contents. A habitat suitability zone map was generated using a GIS-based frequency ratio (FR) model with spatial correlations to the soil, topographical, and meteorological data. The final map categorized the study area into four zones: very high (15.14%), high (31.50%), moderate (40.25%), and low suitability (13.11%). High suitability zones are recommended for further investigation and future cultivation of G. glabra.
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Carullo G, Mazzotta S, Koch A, Hartmann KM, Friedrich O, Gilbert DF, Vega-Holm M, Schneider-Stock R, Aiello F. New Oleoyl Hybrids of Natural Antioxidants: Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation as Inducers of Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111077. [PMID: 33153029 PMCID: PMC7692320 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the beneficial role of a healthy lifestyle, particularly emphasizing the quality of foods and cancer management, is accepted worldwide. Polyphenols and oleic acid play a key role in this context, but are still scarcely used as anti-cancer agents due to their bio-accessibility limits. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize a set of new oleoyl-hybrids of quercetin, morin, pinocembrin, and catechin to overcome the low bioavailability of polyphenols, throughout a bio-catalytic approach using pancreatic porcine lipase as a catalyst. The in vitro assays, using a wide panel of human cancer cell lines showed, mainly for two novel regioisomer oleoyl-hybrids of quercetin, a remarkable increase in apoptotic cell populations. We suggested that the DNA damage shown as ɣH2AX signals might be the major cause of apoptotic cell death. Finally, we demonstrated convincing data about two novel polyphenol-based hybrids displaying a highly selective anti-cancer cytotoxicity and being superior compared to their reference/parental compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41071 Seville, Spain;
| | - Adrian Koch
- Institiute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Universitätsstr. 22, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Experimental Tumorpathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Universitätsstr. 22, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin M. Hartmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (K.M.H.); (O.F.); (D.F.G.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (K.M.H.); (O.F.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Daniel F. Gilbert
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (K.M.H.); (O.F.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Margarita Vega-Holm
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41071 Seville, Spain;
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Institiute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Universitätsstr. 22, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Experimental Tumorpathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Universitätsstr. 22, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.S.-S.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: (R.S.-S.); (F.A.)
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Fatima S, Haider N, Alam MA, Gani MA, Ahmad R. Herbal approach for the management of C0VID-19: an overview. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0150/dmdi-2020-0150.xml. [PMID: 33128525 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the most recently discovered coronavirus infectious disease and leads to pandemic all over the world. The clinical continuum of COVID-19 varies from mild illness with non-specific signs and symptoms of acute respiratory disease to extreme respiratory pneumonia and septic shock. It can transmit from animal to human in the form of touch, through the air, water, utensils, fomite and feco-oral route blood. The pathogenesis and clinical features of COVID-19 be the same as the clinical manifestation associated epidemic Fever. In Unani medicine, various herbal drugs are described under the caption of epidemic disease. Great Unani scholar also Avicenna (980-1037 AD) recommended that during epidemic condition movement should be restricted, self-isolation, fumigation around the habitant with perfumed herbs (Ood, Kafoor, Sumbuluttib, Saad Kofi, Loban, etc.), and use of appropriate antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai) and vinegar (Sirka) as prophylaxis. Herbal approach is based on single (Unnab-Ziziphus jujuba, Sapistan-Cordia myxa, Bahidana-Cydonia oblonga, Khatmi-Althea officinalis, Khubazi-Malva sylvestris, Zafran-Crocus sativus, Sibr-Aloe barbedensis, Murmuki-Commiphora myrrha, Darchini-Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Qaranfal-Syzygium aromaticum, Rihan-Oscimum sanctum, Habtus Sauda-Nigella sativa, Aslus Sus-Glycyrrhiza glabra, Maghze Amaltas-Cassia fistula and Adusa-Adhatoda vasica) and compound drugs (Habbe Bukhar, Sharbat Khaksi, Sharbat Zanjabeel, Naqu Nazla, Majoon Chobchini, Jawrish Jalinus and Khamira Marvareed) most of them are claimed for anti-viral, anti-pyretic, blood purifier, cardioprotective and expectorant activities. Traditionally most of the herbal practitioners are using it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Fatima
- Department of Unani Pharmacy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Nafis Haider
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Abdul Gani
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Rafeeque Ahmad
- The New York School of Medical and Dental Assistants, Long Island City, NY, USA
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