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de Alencar Silva A, de Morais LP, de Sena Bastos CM, de Menezes Dantas D, Batista PR, Dias FJ, Alencar de Menezes IR, Cardoso JHL, Raposo A, Han H, Coutinho HDM, Barbosa R. Vasorelaxant effect of phenylpropanoids: Methyl eugenol and eugenol in human umbilical cord vein. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117227. [PMID: 39084083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Methyl-eugenol (ME) and eugenol (EUG) are phenylpropanoids with vasodilatory effects. While EUG's vasorelaxant effect in human umbilical artery (HUA) is known, their action in veins is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate ME and EUG in human umbilical vein (HUV). Isolated HUV underwent tension recordings. ME and EUG caused 100 % relaxation in HUV, with EC50 values corresponding to: 174.3 ± 7.3 and 217.3 ± 6.2 µM for ME and EUG respectively in presence of K+; 362.3 ± 5.4 and 227.7 ± 4.9 µM for ME and EUG respectively and in presence of serotonin (5-HT). It was observed that in presence of BaCl2 and CaCl2 evoked contractions, ME (800 and 1000 µM) and EUG (1000 and 1400 µM) prevent the contractions. In presence of K+ channel blockers it was observed that ME promoted relaxation compared to its control, except in presence of 4-AP, suggesting a possible Ca2+-dependent K+ channel activation for this molecule; EUG increased all EC50 in presence of the K+ blockers except in presence of TEA 1 mM. Greater pharmacological potency was observed for ME. This study highlights natural substances' effects on HUV contractile parameters, suggesting ME and EUG as potential vasodilators in maintaining fetal oxygenation and venous flow during gestational hypertensive syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Alencar Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará - PPGCF/UECE, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - LFCE/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luís Pereira de Morais
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carla Mikevely de Sena Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará - PPGCF/UECE, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiopharmacology of Excitable Cells of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - LFCE/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Debora de Menezes Dantas
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - PPQB/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - PPQB/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Junio Dias
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Leal Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará - PPGCF/UECE, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal.
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
| | | | - Roseli Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará - PPGCF/UECE, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - PPQB/URCA, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
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Dabrowski B, Ulanowicz G, Brzozka Z, Zuchowska A. Studies of the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) with endothelial cells under static and flow conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104541. [PMID: 39186964 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Graphene oxide, due to its unique properties, has several potential applications in biomedicine, especially as a drug carrier. Despite emerging studies on its cytotoxicity and uptake into cells, there are still gaps in knowledge on this area. When analyzing the internalization of nanomaterials, many different factors must be considered, including particle size, surface modifications, and interactions with biological fluids that can change their properties. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of graphene oxide fractions in different sizes and samples incubated in human serum on endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, the study was conducted in both macroscale and microscale using Cell-on-a-Chip technology to better replicate in vivo conditions. Our findings indicate that samples incubated with serum reduce the efficiency of fraction uptake into cells. It was also observed that the uptake efficiency of graphene oxide (GO) fractions is higher in the microscale (in more real to in vivo environment) compared to the macroscale. Our research has shown that in order to determine the correct interaction of new materials into mammalian cells, it is necessary to take into account many different biochemical and physical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dabrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - G Ulanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - Z Brzozka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
| | - A Zuchowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.
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Hayderi A, Zegeye MM, Meydan S, Sirsjö A, Kumawat AK, Ljungberg LU. TNF Induces Laminin-332-Encoding Genes in Endothelial Cells and Laminin-332 Promotes an Atherogenic Endothelial Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8699. [PMID: 39201392 PMCID: PMC11354388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Laminins are essential components of the basement membranes, expressed in a tissue- and cell-specific manner under physiological conditions. During inflammatory circumstances, such as atherosclerosis, alterations in laminin composition within vessels have been observed. Our study aimed to assess the influence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine abundantly found in atherosclerotic lesions, on endothelial laminin gene expression and the effects of laminin-332 (LN332) on endothelial cells' behavior. We also evaluated the expression of LN332-encoding genes in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Our findings demonstrate that TNF induces upregulation of LAMB3 and LAMC2, which, along with LAMA3, encode the LN332 isoform. Endothelial cells cultured on recombinant LN332 exhibit decreased claudin-5 expression and display a loosely connected phenotype, with an elevated expression of chemokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules, enhancing their attractiveness and adhesion to leukocytes in vitro. Furthermore, LAMB3 and LAMC2 are upregulated in human carotid plaques and show a positive correlation with TNF expression. In summary, TNF stimulates the expression of LN332-encoding genes in human endothelial cells and LN332 promotes an endothelial phenotype characterized by compromised junctional integrity and increased leukocyte interaction. These findings highlight the importance of basement membrane proteins for endothelial integrity and the potential role of LN332 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liza U. Ljungberg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Örebro University, 70362 Örebro, Sweden; (A.H.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (A.K.K.)
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Mi CH, Qi XY, Zhou YW, Ding YW, Wei DX, Wang Y. Advances in medical polyesters for vascular tissue engineering. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:125. [PMID: 39115796 PMCID: PMC11310390 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Blood vessels are highly dynamic and complex structures with a variety of physiological functions, including the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes. Their normal functioning involves the close and coordinated cooperation of a variety of cells. However, adverse internal and external environmental factors can lead to vascular damage and the induction of various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and thrombosis. This can have serious consequences for patients, and there is an urgent need for innovative techniques to repair damaged blood vessels. Polyesters have been extensively researched and used in the treatment of vascular disease and repair of blood vessels due to their excellent mechanical properties, adjustable biodegradation time, and excellent biocompatibility. Given the high complexity of vascular tissues, it is still challenging to optimize the utilization of polyesters for repairing damaged blood vessels. Nevertheless, they have considerable potential for vascular tissue engineering in a range of applications. This summary reviews the physicochemical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly-lactic acid (PLA), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), focusing on their unique applications in vascular tissue engineering. Polyesters can be prepared not only as 3D scaffolds to repair damage as an alternative to vascular grafts, but also in various forms such as microspheres, fibrous membranes, and nanoparticles to deliver drugs or bioactive ingredients to damaged vessels. Finally, it is anticipated that further developments in polyesters will occur in the near future, with the potential to facilitate the wider application of these materials in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xin-Ya Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon-Neutral Technology, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
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An N, Tang S, Wang Y, Luan J, Shi Y, Gao M, Guo C. FeP-Based Nanotheranostic Platform for Enhanced Phototherapy/Ferroptosis/Chemodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309940. [PMID: 38534030 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and lipid peroxides (LPO)-overloaded programmed damage cell death, induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4) inactivation. However, the inadequacy of endogenous iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) restricts the efficacy of ferroptosis. To overcome this obstacle, a near-infrared photo-responsive FeP@PEG NPs is fabricated. Exogenous iron pool can enhance the effect of ferroptosis via the depletion of GSH and further regulate GPX4 inactivation. Generation of ·OH derived from the Fenton reaction is proved by increased accumulation of lipid peroxides. The heat generated by photothermal therapy and ROS generated by photodynamic therapy can enhance cell apoptosis under near-infrared (NIR-808 nm) irradiation, as evidenced by mitochondrial dysfunction and further accumulation of lipid peroxide content. FeP@PEG NPs can significantly inhibit the growth of several types of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which is validated by theoretical and experimental results. Meanwhile, FeP@PEG NPs show excellent T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) property. In summary, the FeP-based nanotheranostic platform for enhanced phototherapy/ferroptosis/chemodynamic therapy provides a reliable opportunity for clinical cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuanglong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Luan
- The HIT Center for Life Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Magnetic Resonance Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Minghui Gao
- The HIT Center for Life Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chongshen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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Landau S, Zhao Y, Hamidzada H, Kent GM, Okhovatian S, Lu RXZ, Liu C, Wagner KT, Cheung K, Shawky SA, Vosoughi D, Beroncal EL, Fernandes I, Cummins CL, Andreazza AC, Keller GM, Epelman S, Radisic M. Primitive macrophages enable long-term vascularization of human heart-on-a-chip platforms. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1222-1238.e10. [PMID: 38908380 PMCID: PMC11297673 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The intricate anatomical structure and high cellular density of the myocardium complicate the bioengineering of perfusable vascular networks within cardiac tissues. In vivo neonatal studies highlight the key role of resident cardiac macrophages in post-injury regeneration and angiogenesis. Here, we integrate human pluripotent stem-cell-derived primitive yolk-sac-like macrophages within vascularized heart-on-chip platforms. Macrophage incorporation profoundly impacted the functionality and perfusability of microvascularized cardiac tissues up to 2 weeks of culture. Macrophages mitigated tissue cytotoxicity and the release of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), while upregulating the secretion of pro-angiogenic, matrix remodeling, and cardioprotective cytokines. Bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed an upregulation of cardiac maturation and angiogenesis genes. Further, single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and secretome data suggest that macrophages may prime stromal cells for vascular development by inducing insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression. Our results underscore the vital role of primitive macrophages in the long-term vascularization of cardiac tissues, offering insights for therapy and advancing heart-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Landau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Homaira Hamidzada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory M Kent
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karl T Wagner
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krisco Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah A Shawky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Vosoughi
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erika Leigh Beroncal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Fernandes
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Slava Epelman
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
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Liu Z, Li S, Xu P, Gan H, Yue P, Xie S, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Guan Z. Functional properties and molecular docking of different nanoparticles with ROS-sensitive phenylboronylated chitosan as the carrier. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 202:106865. [PMID: 39067534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prepare chitosan-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) that enhance the oral bioavailability of puerarin (Pur) and render it responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). SIGNIFICANCE This research makes substantial progress towards the theory of intelligent drug delivery, offering a new reference for combining Pur with other natural medicinal active ingredients. METHODS The acylation reaction between chitosan and ROS-sensitive 3-carboxyphenylboronic acid (PBA) was used to synthesise ROS-sensitive phenylboronylated chitosan (PBACS). Subsequently, PBACS-PBA-Pur-NPs and PBACS-TPP-Pur-NPs were prepared via ion gelation after the addition of PBA and sodium tripolyphosphate(TPP), respectively. The physicochemical and functional properties of both NPs were compared, and their differences were preliminarily studied through molecular docking. RESULTS Reactive oxygen species-sensitive PBACS was successfully synthesised. Of the two NPs prepared, PBACS-TPP-Pur-NPs had a size of 127.2 ± 0.80 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.129 ± 0.0008, and an encapsulation rate of 95.75 ± 0.387 %, whereas PBACS-PBA-Pur-NPs had a size of 149.8 ± 0.1414 nm, PDI of 0.389 ± 0.0012, and an encapsulation rate of 91.77 ± 0.279 %. The micromorphology of the PBACS-TPP-Pur-NPs exhibited better physical properties. However, PBACS-PBA-Pur-NPs demonstrated a faster in vitro release and more significant in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacokinetically, the AUC0-24, Tmax, and Cmax of PBACS-PBA-Pur-NPs were 3.485, 2.117, and 3.339 times higher, respectively, than those of Pur. The AUC0-24, Tmax, and Cmax of PBACS-TPP-Pur-NPs were 2.41, 1.33, and 2.03 times higher, respectively, than those of Pur. Molecular simulation revealed that the binding energy of PBACS-PBA-Pur -NPs was approximately -4.34 kcal/mol and that of PBACS-TPP-Pur-NPs was even lower, approximately -5.93 kcal/mol, suggesting that the NPs prepared with TPP are more densely packed than those designed with PBA, resulting in slower and reduced drug release. CONCLUSION The NPs constructed in this study effectively reduced inflammatory factors at the disease site, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of nano drugs in inflammatory disease models. In addition, the molecular docking study of the two NPs offered insights into the relationship between the release and structure of subsequent nano drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Liu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Sihui Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huiqin Gan
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shuying Xie
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zixia Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Zhiyu Guan
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Wolfe JT, Chen V, Chen Y, Tefft BJ. Identification of a subpopulation of highly adherent endothelial cells for seeding synthetic vascular grafts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024:S0022-5223(24)00550-6. [PMID: 38972570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is an unmet clinical need for alternatives to autologous vessel grafts. Small-diameter (<6 mm) synthetic vascular grafts are not suitable because of unacceptable patency rates. This mainly occurs due to the lack of an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer to prevent platelet activation, thrombosis, and intimal hyperplasia. There are no reliable methods to endothelialize small-diameter grafts because most seeded ECs are lost due to exposure to fluid shear stress after implantation. The goal of this work is to determine if EC loss is a random process or if it is possible to predict which cells are more likely to remain adherent. METHODS In initial studies, we sorted ECs using fluid shear stress and identified a subpopulation of ECs that are more likely to resist detachment. We use RNA sequencing to examine gene expression of adherent ECs compared with the whole population. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting, we sorted ECs based on the expression level of a candidate marker and studied their retention in small-diameter vascular grafts in vitro. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis revealed that fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein 2 (FLRT2), encoding protein FLRT2, is downregulated in the ECs that are more likely to resist detachment. When seeded onto vascular grafts and exposed to shear stress, ECs expressing low levels of FLRT2 exhibit 59.2% ± 7.4% retention compared with 24.5% ± 6.1% retention for the remainder of the EC population. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we show EC detachment is not an entirely random process. This provides validation for the concept that we can seed small-diameter vascular grafts only with highly adherent ECs to maintain a stable endothelium and improve graft patency rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne T Wolfe
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Vaya Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wis; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Brandon J Tefft
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.
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Duranova H, Kuzelova L, Borotova P, Simora V, Fialkova V. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells as a Versatile Cellular Model System in Diverse Experimental Paradigms: An Ultrastructural Perspective. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:419-439. [PMID: 38817111 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are primary cells isolated from the vein of an umbilical cord, extensively used in cardiovascular studies and medical research. These cells, retaining the characteristics of endothelial cells in vivo, serve as a valuable cellular model system for understanding vascular biology, endothelial dysfunction, pathophysiology of diseases such as atherosclerosis, and responses to different drugs or treatments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been a cornerstone in revealing the detailed architecture of multiple cellular model systems including HUVECs, allowing researchers to visualize subcellular organelles, membrane structures, and cytoskeletal elements. Among them, the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and nucleus can be meticulously examined to recognize alterations indicative of cellular responses to various stimuli. Importantly, Weibel-Palade bodies are characteristic secretory organelles found in HUVECs, which can be easily distinguished in the TEM. These distinctive structures also dynamically react to different factors through regulated exocytosis, resulting in complete or selective release of their contents. This detailed review summarizes the ultrastructural features of HUVECs and highlights the utility of TEM as a pivotal tool for analyzing HUVECs in diverse research frameworks, contributing valuable insights into the comprehension of HUVEC behavior and enriching our knowledge into the complexity of vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Duranova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Kuzelova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Borotova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Simora
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Fialkova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Burgers LD, Ciurus S, Engel P, Kuntschar S, Raue R, Kiprina A, Primke T, Schmid T, Weigert A, Schmidtko A, Fürst R. (Homo-)harringtonine prevents endothelial inflammation through IRF-1 dependent downregulation of VCAM1 mRNA expression and inhibition of cell adhesion molecule protein biosynthesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116907. [PMID: 38865849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant alkaloid homoharringtonine (HHT) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. In addition to its well-established antitumor activity, accumulating evidence attributes anti-inflammatory effects to HHT, which have mainly been studied in leukocytes to date. However, a potential influence of HHT on inflammatory activation processes in endothelial cells, which are a key feature of inflammation and a prerequisite for the leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction and leukocyte extravasation, remains poorly understood. In this study, the anti-inflammatory potential of HHT and its derivative harringtonine (HT) on the TNF-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction was assessed, and the underlying mechanistic basis of these effects was elucidated. HHT affected inflammation in vivo in a murine peritonitis model by reducing leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression as well as ameliorating abdominal pain behavior. In vitro, HT and HHT impaired the leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction by decreasing the expression of the endothelial cell adhesion molecules intracellular adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). This effect was mediated by a bipartite mechanism. While HHT did not affect the prominent TNF-induced pro-inflammatory NF-ĸB signaling cascade, the compound downregulated the VCAM1 mRNA expression in an IRF-1-dependent manner and diminished active ICAM1 mRNA translation as determined by polysome profiling. This study highlights HHT as an anti-inflammatory compound that efficiently hampers the leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction by targeting endothelial activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa D Burgers
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Ciurus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Engel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silvia Kuntschar
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rebecca Raue
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Kiprina
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Primke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Tan JN, Husain K, Jubri Z, Chan KM, Ugusman A, Jantan I, Fauzi NM. Anti-atherogenic mechanism of ethanol extract of Christia vespertilionis (L.f.) Bakh. F. Leaves in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112148. [PMID: 38718657 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular inflammation is the key event in early atherogenesis. Pro-inflammatory endothelial cells induce monocyte recruitment into the sub-endothelial layer of the artery. This requires endothelial expression of adhesion molecules namely intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), alongside chemokines production. Christia vespertilionis (L.f.) Bakh.f. (CV) possesses anti-inflammatory property. However, its potential anti-atherogenic effect in the context of vascular inflammation has yet to be explored. PURPOSE To evaluate the anti-atherogenic mechanism of 80% ethanol extract of CV leaves on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS Qualitative analysis of the CV extract was carried out by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The cell viability of HUVECs treated with CV extract was determined by MTT assay. The effect of CV extract on monocyte adhesion was determined by monocyte-endothelial adhesion assay. Protein expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway were determined by western blot while production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was determined by ELISA. RESULTS LC-MS/MS analysis showed that CV extract composed of five main compounds, including schaftoside, orientin, isovitexin, 6-caffeoyl-D-glucose, and 3,3'-di-O-methyl ellagic acid. Treatment of CV extract at a concentration range from 5 to 60 µg/mL for 24 h maintained HUVECs viability above 90 %, therefore concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 μg/mL were selected for the subsequent experiments. All concentrations of CV extract showed a significant inhibitory effect on monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-activated HUVECs (p < 0.05). In addition, the protein expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly attenuated by CV in a concentration dependent manner (p < 0.001). At all tested concentrations, CV extract also exhibited significant inhibition on the production of MCP-1 (p < 0.05). Moreover, CV extract significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase alpha/beta (IKKα/β), inhibitor kappa B-alpha (IκBα), NF-κB and nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CV extract inhibited monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by suppressing protein expressions of cell adhesion molecules and production of chemokines through downregulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, CV has the potential to be developed as an anti-atherogenic agent for early treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiah Ning Tan
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Jubri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Product Stewardship and Toxicology, Group Health, Safety and Environment (GHSE), Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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12
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Yu M, Marquez-Curtis LA, Elliott JAW. Cryopreservation-induced delayed injury and cell-type-specific responses during the cryopreservation of endothelial cell monolayers. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104857. [PMID: 38350589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of endothelial cell monolayers is an important step that bridges the cryopreservation of cells in suspension to that of tissues. Previous studies have identified clear distinctions in freezing mechanisms between cells in suspension and in monolayers, as well as developed novel protocols for monolayer cryopreservation. Recently, our group has shown that human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and porcine corneal endothelial cell (PCEC) monolayers grown on Rinzl plastic substrate can be cryopreserved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide, 6% hydroxyethyl starch, and 2% chondroitin sulfate, following a slow-cooling protocol (-1 °C/min) with rapid plunge into liquid nitrogen from -40 °C. However, membrane integrity assessments were done immediately post thaw, which may result in an overestimation of cell viability due to possible delayed injury responses. Here, we show that for the optimal protocol condition of plunge at the -40 °C interrupt temperature, HUVEC and PCEC monolayers exhibited no significant immediate post-thaw injuries nor delayed injury responses during the 24-h post-thaw overnight culture period. HUVEC monolayers experienced no significant impact to their natural growth rate during the post-thaw culture, while PCEC monolayers experienced significantly higher growth than the unfrozen controls. The difference in the low-temperature responses between HUVEC and PCEC monolayers was further shown under high temperature plunge conditions. At these suboptimal plunge temperatures, HUVEC monolayers exhibited moderate immediate membrane injury but a pronounced delayed injury response during the 24-h post-thaw culture, while PCEC monolayers showed significant immediate membrane injury but no additional delayed injury response during the same period. Therefore, we provide further validation of our group's previously designed endothelial monolayer cryopreservation protocol for HUVEC and PCEC monolayers, and we identify several cell-type-specific responses to the freezing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingHan Yu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
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13
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Wang Q, Gao C, Zhai H, Peng C, Yu X, Zheng X, Zhang H, Wang X, Yu L, Wang S, Ding J. Electrospun Scaffolds are Not Necessarily Always Made of Nanofibers as Demonstrated by Polymeric Heart Valves for Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303395. [PMID: 38554036 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, there are ≈60 000 publications about electrospun nanofibers, but it is still unclear whether nanoscale fibers are really necessary for electrospun tissue engineering scaffolds. The present report puts forward this argument and reveals that compared with electrospun nanofibers, microfibers with diameter of ≈3 µm (named as "oligo-micro fiber") are more appropriate for tissue engineering scaffolds owing to their better cell infiltration ability caused by larger pores with available nuclear deformation. To further increase pore sizes, electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds are fabricated using latticed collectors with meshes. Fiber orientation leads to sufficient mechanical strength albeit increases porosity. The latticed scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and improve cell infiltration. Under aortic conditions in vitro, the performances of latticed scaffolds are satisfactory in terms of the acute systolic hemodynamic functionality, except for the higher regurgitation fraction caused by the enlarged pores. This hierarchical electrospun scaffold with sparse fibers in macropores and oligo-micro fibers in filaments provides new insights into the design of tissue engineering scaffolds, and tissue engineering may provide living heart valves with regenerative capabilities for patients with severe valve disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Caiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huajuan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaofan Zheng
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shengzhang Wang
- Institute for Biomechanics, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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14
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Ma L, Jiang X, Gao J. Revolutionizing rheumatoid arthritis therapy: harnessing cytomembrane biomimetic nanoparticles for novel treatment strategies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01605-x. [PMID: 38758497 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune disease with severe implications for joint health. The issue of non-specific drug distribution potentially limits the therapeutic efficacy and increases the risk associated with RA treatment. Researchers employed cytomembrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance the targeting delivery efficacy to meet the demand for drug accumulation within the affected joints. Furthermore, distinct cytomembranes offer unique functionalities, such as immune cell activation and augmented NP biocompatibility. In this review, the current strategies of RA treatments were summarized in detail, and then an overview of RA's pathogenesis and the methodologies for producing cytomembrane-coated biomimetic NPs was provided. The application of cytomembrane biomimetic NPs derived from various cell sources in RA therapy is explored, highlighting the distinctive attributes of individual cytomembranes as well as hybrid membrane configurations. Through this comprehensive assessment of cytomembrane biomimetic NPs, we elucidate the prospective applications and challenges in the realm of RA therapy, and the strategy of combined therapy is proposed. In the future, cytomembrane biomimetic NPs have a broad therapeutic prospect for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chilechuan dairy economic development zone, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010110, China
| | - Xinchi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jianqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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15
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McClain AK, Monteleone PP, Zoldan J. Sex in cardiovascular disease: Why this biological variable should be considered in in vitro models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3510. [PMID: 38728407 PMCID: PMC11086622 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the world's leading cause of death, exhibits notable epidemiological, clinical, and pathophysiological differences between sexes. Many such differences can be linked back to cardiovascular sexual dimorphism, yet sex-specific in vitro models are still not the norm. A lack of sex reporting and apparent male bias raises the question of whether in vitro CVD models faithfully recapitulate the biology of intended treatment recipients. To ensure equitable treatment for the overlooked female patient population, sex as a biological variable (SABV) inclusion must become commonplace in CVD preclinical research. Here, we discuss the role of sex in CVD and underlying cardiovascular (patho)physiology. We review shortcomings in current SABV practices, describe the relevance of sex, and highlight emerging strategies for SABV inclusion in three major in vitro model types: primary cell, stem cell, and three-dimensional models. Last, we identify key barriers to inclusive design and suggest techniques for overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. McClain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78751, USA
| | - Peter P. Monteleone
- Ascension Texas Cardiovascular, Austin, TX 78705, USA
- Dell School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Janet Zoldan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78751, USA
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16
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Fedele G, Castiglioni S, Trapani V, Zafferri I, Bartolini M, Casati SM, Ciuffreda P, Wolf FI, Maier JA. Impact of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation on Endothelial Behavior under Magnesium Deficiency. Nutrients 2024; 16:1406. [PMID: 38794644 PMCID: PMC11124182 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial event in the early pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is linked to magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Indeed, in endothelial cells, low Mg levels promote the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic phenotype. This paper investigates the mechanisms by which Mg deficiency promotes oxidative stress and affects endothelial behavior in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data show that low Mg levels trigger oxidative stress initially by increasing NAPDH oxidase activity and then by upregulating the pro-oxidant thioredoxin-interacting protein TXNIP. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates NF-κB, leading to its increased binding to the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter, with the consequent increase in iNOS expression. The increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated by upregulated iNOS contribute to disrupting endothelial cell function by inhibiting growth and increasing permeability. In conclusion, we provide evidence that multiple mechanisms contribute to generate a pro-oxidant state under low-Mg conditions, ultimately affecting endothelial physiology. These data add support to the notion that adequate Mg levels play a significant role in preserving cardiovascular health and may suggest new approaches to prevent or manage cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Fedele
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Valentina Trapani
- Alleanza Contro il Cancro, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Isabella Zafferri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Marco Bartolini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Silvana M. Casati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierangela Ciuffreda
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Federica I. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Saint Camillus International Medical School (UniCamillus), Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
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Uzoechi SC, Collins BE, Badeaux CJ, Li Y, Kwak SS, Kim DY, Laskowitz DT, Lee JM, Yun Y. Effects of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Oligomers on Blood-Brain Barrier Using a 3D Microfluidic Vasculature-on-a-Chip Model. APPLIED SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:3917. [PMID: 39027034 PMCID: PMC11257072 DOI: 10.3390/app14093917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is largely influenced by amyloid beta (Aβ). In this study, we developed a high-throughput microfluidic BBB model devoid of a physical membrane, featuring endothelial cells interacting with an extracellular matrix (ECM). This paper focuses on the impact of varying concentrations of Aβ1-42 oligomers on BBB dysfunction by treating them in the luminal. Our findings reveal a pronounced accumulation of Aβ1-42 oligomers at the BBB, resulting in the disruption of tight junctions and subsequent leakage evidenced by a barrier integrity assay. Additionally, cytotoxicity assessments indicate a concentration-dependent increase in cell death in response to Aβ1-42 oligomers (LC50 ~ 1 μM). This study underscores the utility of our membrane-free vascular chip in elucidating the dysfunction induced by Aβ with respect to the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Chidiebere Uzoechi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri 460114, Nigeria
| | - Boyce Edwin Collins
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Cody Joseph Badeaux
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Sang Su Kwak
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Doo Yeon Kim
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daniel Todd Laskowitz
- Neurosurgery, Anesthesiology & Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yeoheung Yun
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Gilley J, Hanneman SK, Ottosen MJ, Shivanna B, Keswani S. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human and Murine Models of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Neonatology 2024; 121:512-518. [PMID: 38588643 DOI: 10.1159/000537802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a complex congenital disorder, characterized by pulmonary hypertension (PH) and hypoplasia. PH secondary to CDH (CDH-PH) features devastating morbidity and mortality (25-30%) among neonates. An unmet need is determining mechanisms triggering CDH-PH to save infants. Prior data suggest abnormal remodeling of the pulmonary vascular extracellular matrix (ECM), presumed to be driven by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), hinders postnatal vasodilation and limits anti-PH therapy in CDH. There are limited data on the role of EndoMT in CDH-PH. METHODS The purpose of the study was to investigate how EndoMT contributes to CDH-PH by identifying cells undergoing EndoMT noted by alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lung tissue obtained from murine pups using the nitrofen model. N = 8 CDH, N = 8 control HUVECs were stained for α-SMA and CD31 after being exposed for 24 h to TGFB, a known EndoMT promoter. N = 8 nitrofen, N = 8 control murine pup lungs were also stained for α-SMA and CD31. α-SMA and CD31 expression was quantified in HUVECs and murine tissue using Fiji imaging software and normalized to the total number of cells per slide noted by DAPI staining. RESULTS CDH HUVECs demonstrated a 1.1-fold increase in α-SMA expression (p = 0.02). The murine model did not show statistical significance between nitrofen and control pup lungs; however, there was a 0.4-fold increase in α-SMA expression with a 0.8-fold decrease in CD31 expression in the nitrofen pup lungs when compared to controls. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EndoMT could potentially play a role in the ECM remodeling seen in CDH-PH.
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MESH Headings
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/genetics
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/pathology
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/metabolism
- Animals
- Humans
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice
- Actins/metabolism
- Actins/genetics
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Phenyl Ethers
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/metabolism
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Animals, Newborn
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Gilley
- UTHealth Houston Cizik School of Nursing, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Binoy Shivanna
- Department of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sundeep Keswani
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Walquist MJ, Eilertsen KE, Elvevoll EO, Jensen IJ. Marine-Derived Peptides with Anti-Hypertensive Properties: Prospects for Pharmaceuticals, Supplements, and Functional Food. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:140. [PMID: 38667757 PMCID: PMC11051484 DOI: 10.3390/md22040140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, a major health concern linked to heart disease and premature mortality, has prompted a search for alternative treatments due to side effects of existing medications. Sustainable harvesting of low-trophic marine organisms not only enhances food security but also provides a variety of bioactive molecules, including peptides. Despite comprising only a fraction of active natural compounds, peptides are ideal for drug development due to their size, stability, and resistance to degradation. Our review evaluates the anti-hypertensive properties of peptides and proteins derived from selected marine invertebrate phyla, examining the various methodologies used and their application in pharmaceuticals, supplements, and functional food. A considerable body of research exists on the anti-hypertensive effects of certain marine invertebrates, yet many species remain unexamined. The array of assessments methods, particularly for ACE inhibition, complicates the comparison of results. The dominance of in vitro and animal in vivo studies indicates a need for more clinical research in order to transition peptides into pharmaceuticals. Our findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of these promising marine invertebrates, emphasizing the need to balance scientific discovery and marine conservation for sustainable resource use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Johannessen Walquist
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.-E.E.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.-E.E.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Edel Oddny Elvevoll
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.-E.E.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Ida-Johanne Jensen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.-E.E.); (E.O.E.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Liu J, Yu X, Braucht A, Smith S, Wang C. N-Cadherin Targeted Melanin Nanoparticles Reverse the Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Vascular Endothelial Cells to Potentially Slow the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Cancer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8229-8247. [PMID: 38427686 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) of vascular endothelial cells has recently been considered as a key player in the early progression of a variety of vascular and nonvascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, and organ fibrosis. However, current strategies attempting to identify pharmacological inhibitors to block the regulatory pathways of EndoMT suffer from poor selectivity, unwanted side effects, and a heterogeneous response from endothelial cells with different origins. Furthermore, EndoMT inhibitors focus on preventing EndoMT, leaving the endothelial cells that have already undergone EndoMT unresolved. Here, we report the design of a simple but powerful nanoparticle system (i.e., N-cadherin targeted melanin nanoparticles) to convert cytokine-activated, mesenchymal-like endothelial cells back to their original endothelial phenotype. We term this process "Reversed EndoMT" (R-EndoMT). R-EndoMT allows the impaired endothelial barriers to recover their quiescence and intactness, with significantly reduced leukocyte and cancer cell adhesion and transmigration, which could potentially stop atheromatous plaque formation and cancer metastasis in the early stages. R-EndoMT is achieved on different endothelial cell types originating from arteries, veins, and capillaries, independent of activating cytokines. We reveal that N-cadherin targeted melanin nanoparticles reverse EndoMT by downregulating an N-cadherin dependent RhoA activation pathway. Overall, this approach offers a different prospect to treat multiple EndoMT-associated diseases by designing nanoparticles to reverse the phenotypical transition of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Xiao Yu
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Annaliese Braucht
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Steve Smith
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Congzhou Wang
- Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
- BioSystems Networks & Translational Research (BioSNTR), 501 E St Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
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21
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Rengarajan A, Goldblatt HE, Beebe DJ, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Boeldt DS. Immune cells and inflammatory mediators cause endothelial dysfunction in a vascular microphysiological system. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1808-1820. [PMID: 38363157 PMCID: PMC11022267 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00824j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Functional assessment of endothelium serves as an important indicator of vascular health and is compromised in vascular disorders including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and preeclampsia. Endothelial dysfunction in these cases is linked to dysregulation of the immune system involving both changes to immune cells and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Herein, we utilize a well-established microfluidic device to generate a 3-dimensional vascular microphysiological system (MPS) consisting of a tubular blood vessel lined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to evaluate endothelial function measured via endothelial permeability and Ca2+ signaling. We evaluated the effect of a mixture of factors associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease (TNFα, VEGF-A, IL-6 at 10 ng ml-1 each) on vascular MPS and inferred that inflammatory mediators contribute to endothelial dysfunction by disrupting the endothelial barrier over a 48 hour treatment and by diminishing coordinated Ca2+ activity over a 1 hour treatment. We also evaluated the effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on endothelial permeability and Ca2+ signaling in the HUVEC MPS. HUVECs were co-cultured with PBMCs either directly wherein PBMCs passed through the lumen or indirectly with PBMCs embedded in the supporting collagen hydrogel. We revealed that phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-M activated PBMCs cause endothelial dysfunction in MPS both through increased permeability and decreased coordinated Ca2+ activity compared to non-activated PBMCs. Our MPS has potential applications in modeling cardiovascular disorders and screening for potential treatments using measures of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Rengarajan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, USA.
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, UnityPoint Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park St. 7E, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Hannah E Goldblatt
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, USA.
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, UnityPoint Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park St. 7E, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Derek S Boeldt
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, USA.
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, UnityPoint Health-Meriter Hospital, 202 South Park St. 7E, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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22
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Hebel D, Schönherr H. Mild Quantitative One Step Removal of Macrophages from Cocultures with Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Using Thermoresponsive Poly(Di(Ethylene Glycol)Methyl Ether Methacrylate) Brushes. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300408. [PMID: 37916483 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors report on a mild, label-free, and fast method for the separation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), which are relevant cells, whose use is not limited to studies of endothelial dysfunction, from cocultures with macrophages to afford HUVEC in ≈100% purity. Poly(di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) brushes with a dry thickness of (5 ± 1) nm afford the highly effective one-step separation by selective HUVEC detachment, which is based on the brushes' thermoresponsive behavior. Below the thermal transition at 32 °C the brushes swells and desorbs attached proteins, resulting in markedly decreased cell adhesion. Specifically, HUVEC and macrophages, which are differentiated from THP-1 monocytes, are seeded and attached to PDEGMA brushes at 37°C. After decreasing the temperature to 22°C, HUVEC shows a decrease in their cell area, while the macrophages are not markedly affected by the temperature change. After mild flushing with a cell culture medium, the HUVEC can be released from the surface and reseeded again with ≈100% purity on a new surface. With this selective cell separation and removal method, it is possible to separate and thereby purify HUVEC from macrophages without the use of any releasing reagent or expensive labels, such as antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cµ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cµ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
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23
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Al Otaibi AA, Alshammari SL, Dhahi Alsukaibi AK, Jamal A, Rajendrasozhan S, Alenezi KM, Hussain A, Khan I, Mushtaque M, Haque A. Synthesis, anticancer activity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of some pyrazole-chalcone hybrids. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1381-1391. [PMID: 37071766 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2199867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Four new hybrid compounds (H1-H4) bearing pyrazole (S1 and S2) and chalcone (P1 and P2) fragments were synthesized and characterized. Compounds were assayed for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of human lung (A549) and colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines. Besides, toxicity against normal cells was determined using the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In silico molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies were carried out to predict the binding modes, protein stability, drug-likeness and toxicity of the reported compounds. The in vitro anticancer activity of the tested compounds revealed dose-dependent cell-specific cytotoxicity. In silico studies revealed that the compounds have a good binding affinity, possess appropriate drug-likeness properties and have low toxicity profiles.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sinad L Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalaf M Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Md Mushtaque
- Department of Chemistry, Millat College (A Constituent College of Lalit Narayan Mithila University), Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Nöth J, Busch W, Tal T, Lai C, Ambekar A, Kießling TR, Scholz S. Analysis of vascular disruption in zebrafish embryos as an endpoint to predict developmental toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:537-549. [PMID: 38129683 PMCID: PMC10794345 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of angiogenesis is an important mode of action for the teratogenic effect of chemicals and drugs. There is a gap in the availability of simple, experimental screening models for the detection of angiogenesis inhibition. The zebrafish embryo represents an alternative test system which offers the complexity of developmental differentiation of an entire organism while allowing for small-scale and high-throughput screening. Here we present a novel automated imaging-based method to detect the inhibition of angiogenesis in early life stage zebrafish. Video subtraction was used to identify the location and number of functional intersegmental vessels according to the detection of moving blood cells. By exposing embryos to multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors including SU4312, SU5416, Sorafenib, or PTK787, we confirmed that this method can detect concentration-dependent inhibition of angiogenesis. Parallel assessment of arterial and venal aorta ruled out a potential bias by impaired heart or blood cell development. In contrast, the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid did not affect ISV formation supporting the specificity of the angiogenic effects. The new test method showed higher sensitivity, i.e. lower effect concentrations, relative to a fluorescent reporter gene strain (Tg(KDR:EGFP)) exposed to the same tyrosine kinase inhibitors indicating that functional effects due to altered tubulogenesis or blood transport can be detected before structural changes of the endothelium are visible by fluorescence imaging. Comparison of exposure windows indicated higher specificity for angiogenesis when exposure started at later embryonic stages (24 h post-fertilization). One of the test compounds was showing particularly high specificity for angiogenesis effects (SU4312) and was, therefore, suggested as a model compound for the identification of molecular markers of angiogenic disruption. Our findings establish video imaging in wild-type strains as viable, non-invasive, high-throughput method for the detection of chemical-induced angiogenic disruption in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nöth
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamara Tal
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chih Lai
- University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Akhil Ambekar
- University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Duke University, A.I. Health Fellow-Associate in Research, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Cerri L, Parri S, Dias MC, Fabiano A, Romi M, Cai G, Cantini C, Zambito Y. Olive Leaf Extracts from Three Italian Olive Cultivars Exposed to Drought Stress Differentially Protect Cells against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:77. [PMID: 38247501 PMCID: PMC10812426 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves are an abundant by-product of olive oil production. Olive leaf extracts (OLEs) are rich in polyphenols, which can be used for health benefits. As polyphenols are the main antioxidant molecules in plants, plants typically increase their polyphenol content when exposed to drought stress. However, the phenolic profile of OLEs can vary in relation to the origin and variety of the plant material. In this work, olive leaf extracts from three different Italian olive cultivars (Giarraffa, Leccino, and Maurino) both exposed and not exposed to drought stress were studied in terms of antioxidant properties and profile, intestinal permeation, and protection against oxidative stress of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), since HUVECs are considered a model to study a wide range of diseases. OLEs from stressed Maurino and Giarraffa plants showed the highest increase in antioxidant capacity compared to controls. The phenolic profile of Maurino' was mainly increased by water deficit, with a large increase in the compounds oleuropein and luteolin-7-O-rutinoside. All tested extracts exposed to a water deficit protected HUVECs against oxidative stress by reducing ROS production, and this effect was more pronounced in OLEs from Giarraffa and Maurino exposed to drought stress compared to all other extracts. Finally, OLE from the stressed Giarraffa group showed a higher apparent permeability of antioxidant molecules than that of Maurino.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cerri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Sara Parri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Celeste Dias
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudio Cantini
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Strada Provinciale Aurelia Vecchia 49, 58022 Follonica, Italy;
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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26
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Lee S, Kim H, Kim BS, Chae S, Jung S, Lee JS, Yu J, Son K, Chung M, Kim JK, Hwang D, Baek SH, Jeon NL. Angiogenesis-on-a-chip coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing reveals spatially differential activations of autophagy along angiogenic sprouts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:230. [PMID: 38172108 PMCID: PMC10764361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Several functions of autophagy associated with proliferation, differentiation, and migration of endothelial cells have been reported. Due to lack of models recapitulating angiogenic sprouting, functional heterogeneity of autophagy in endothelial cells along angiogenic sprouts remains elusive. Here, we apply an angiogenesis-on-a-chip to reconstruct 3D sprouts with clear endpoints. We perform single-cell RNA sequencing of sprouting endothelial cells from our chip to reveal high activation of autophagy in two endothelial cell populations- proliferating endothelial cells in sprout basements and stalk-like endothelial cells near sprout endpoints- and further the reciprocal expression pattern of autophagy-related genes between stalk- and tip-like endothelial cells near sprout endpoints, implying an association of autophagy with tip-stalk cell specification. Our results suggest a model describing spatially differential roles of autophagy: quality control of proliferating endothelial cells in sprout basements for sprout elongation and tip-stalk cell specification near sprout endpoints, which may change strategies for developing autophagy-based anti-angiogenic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somin Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyunkyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum Suk Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Seub Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James Yu
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungmin Son
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minhwan Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea.
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea.
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Epigenetic Code and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Qureator, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
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27
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Vera‐Tizatl AL, van der Hee R, Cornelissen J, Vera‐Tizatl CE, Abayazid M, Fütterer JJ. Liver-tumor mimics as a potential translational framework for planning and testing irreversible electroporation with multiple electrodes. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10607. [PMID: 38193113 PMCID: PMC10771569 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has emerged as an appealing non-ionizing, non-thermal ablation therapy, independent of antineoplastic drugs. Limited but successful outcomes in IRE conducted in vivo, in small focal hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), have been reported. Nonetheless, the electric parameters of IRE are usually delivered in an unplanned manner. This work investigates the integration of computational modeling to hydrogels mimicking the HCC microenvironment, as a powerful framework to: circumvent ethical concerns of in vivo experimentation; safely tune the electric parameters reaching the IRE electric field threshold; and propel the translation of IRE as a routine clinical alternative to the treatment of HCC. Therefore, a parametric study served to evaluate the effects of the pulse amplitude, the number of pulses and electrodes, the treatment time, the hydrogel-tumor size, and the cell type. The ablation extent was surveyed by confocal microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cylindrical and realistic tumor-shaped hydrogels, respectively. A large ablation (70%-100%) was verified in all constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Leticia Vera‐Tizatl
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer SciencesUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Regine van der Hee
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Biomolecular NanoTechnology GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Cornelissen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Biomolecular NanoTechnology GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Claudia Elizabeth Vera‐Tizatl
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular PathogenesisCenter for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic InstituteMexico CityMexico
| | - Momen Abayazid
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer SciencesUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Jurgen J. Fütterer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer SciencesUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical ImagingRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
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28
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Senrung A, Tripathi T, Aggarwal N, Janjua D, Yadav J, Chaudhary A, Chhokar A, Joshi U, Bharti AC. Phytochemicals Showing Antiangiogenic Effect in Pre-clinical Models and their Potential as an Alternative to Existing Therapeutics. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:259-300. [PMID: 37867279 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266264349231016094456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vascular network, is an important hallmark of several pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and metastasis, proliferative retinopathies, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and endometriosis. Putting a halt to pathology-driven angiogenesis is considered an important therapeutic strategy to slow down or reduce the severity of pathological disorders. Considering the attrition rate of synthetic antiangiogenic compounds from the lab to reaching the market due to severe side effects, several compounds of natural origin are being explored for their antiangiogenic properties. Employing pre-clinical models for the evaluation of novel antiangiogenic compounds is a promising strategy for rapid screening of antiangiogenic compounds. These studies use a spectrum of angiogenic model systems that include HUVEC two-dimensional culture, nude mice, chick chorioallantoic membrane, transgenic zebrafish, and dorsal aorta from rats and chicks, depending upon available resources. The present article emphasizes the antiangiogenic activity of the phytochemicals shown to exhibit antiangiogenic behavior in these well-defined existing angiogenic models and highlights key molecular targets. Different models help to get a quick understanding of the efficacy and therapeutics mechanism of emerging lead molecules. The inherent variability in assays and corresponding different phytochemicals tested in each study prevent their immediate utilization in clinical studies. This review will discuss phytochemicals discovered using suitable preclinical antiangiogenic models, along with a special mention of leads that have entered clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Senrung
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Janjua
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
- Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
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Wei J, Liu D, Xu T, Zhu L, Jiao S, Yuan X, Wang ZA, Li J, Du Y. Variations in metabolic enzymes cause differential changes of heparan sulfate and hyaluronan in high glucose treated cells on chip. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126627. [PMID: 37660864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycocalyx dysfunction is believed as the first step in diabetic vascular disease. However, few studies have systematically investigated the influence of HG on the glycocalyx as a whole and its major constituent glycans towards one type of cell. Furthermore, most studies utilized traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures in vitro, which can't provide the necessary fluid environment for glycocalyx. Here, we utilized vascular glycocalyx on chips to evaluate the changes of glycocalyx and its constituent glycans in HG induced HUVECs. Fluorescence microscopy showed up-regulation of hyaluronan (HA) but down-regulation of heparan sulfate (HS). By analyzing the metabolic enzymes of both glycans, a decrease in the ratio of synthetic/degradative enzymes for HA and an increase in that for HS were demonstrated. Two substrates (UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-GlcA) for the synthesis of both glycans were increased according to omics analysis. Since they were firstly pumped into Golgi apparatus to synthesize HS, less substrates may be left for HA synthesis. Furthermore, the differential changes of HA and HS were confirmed in vessel slides from db/db mice. This study would deepen our understanding of impact of HG on glycocalyx formation and diabetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Siming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xubing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuo A Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Pereira M, Pinto J, Arteaga B, Guerra A, Jorge RN, Monteiro FJ, Salgado CL. A Comprehensive Look at In Vitro Angiogenesis Image Analysis Software. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17625. [PMID: 38139453 PMCID: PMC10743557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the complex challenges faced presently by tissue engineering (TE) is the development of vascularized constructs that accurately mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissue in which they are inserted to promote vessel growth and, consequently, wound healing and tissue regeneration. TE technique is characterized by several stages, starting from the choice of cell culture and the more appropriate scaffold material that can adequately support and supply them with the necessary biological cues for microvessel development. The next step is to analyze the attained microvasculature, which is reliant on the available labeling and microscopy techniques to visualize the network, as well as metrics employed to characterize it. These are usually attained with the use of software, which has been cited in several works, although no clear standard procedure has been observed to promote the reproduction of the cell response analysis. The present review analyzes not only the various steps previously described in terms of the current standards for evaluation, but also surveys some of the available metrics and software used to quantify networks, along with the detection of analysis limitations and future improvements that could lead to considerable progress for angiogenesis evaluation and application in TE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Pinto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Belén Arteaga
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Av. de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Guerra
- INEGI—Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (R.N.J.)
| | - Renato Natal Jorge
- INEGI—Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industrial, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (R.N.J.)
- LAETA—Laboratório Associado de Energia, Transportes e Aeronáutica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade do Porto, 4200-165 Porto, Portugal
- PCCC—Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane Laranjo Salgado
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.P.); (J.P.); (B.A.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Stelling-Férez J, Cappellacci I, Pandolfi A, Gabaldón JA, Pipino C, Nicolás FJ. Oleanolic acid rescues critical features of umbilical vein endothelial cells permanently affected by hyperglycemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1308606. [PMID: 38192424 PMCID: PMC10773851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1308606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a physiological process that involves several cell types. Among them, endothelial cells are required for inflammation resolution and neo-angiogenesis, both necessary for tissue restoration after injury. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (C-HUVECs) are derived from the umbilical cord. When women develop gestational diabetes, chronic exposure to hyperglycemia induces epigenetic modifications in these cells (GD-HUVECs), leading to a permanent pro-inflammatory phenotype and impaired angiogenesis in contrast to control cells. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a bioactive triterpenoid known for its epithelial cell migration promotion stimulation and higher tensile strength of wounds. However, the potentially anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties of OA are still under investigation. We tested OA on C- and GD-HUVECs under inflammatory conditions induced by low levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Reduced expression of adhesion molecules VCAM1, ICAM1, and SELE was obtained in OA-pre-treated C- and GD-HUVECs. Additionally, protein VCAM1 levels were also decreased by OA. Coherently, monocyte adhesion assays showed that a lower number of monocytes adhered to GD-HUVEC endothelium under OA pre-treatment when compared to untreated ones. It is noteworthy that OA improved angiogenesis parameters in both phenotypes, being especially remarkable in the case of GD-HUVECs, since OA strongly rescued their poor tube formation behavior. Moreover, endothelial cell migration was improved in C- and GD-HUVECs in scratch assays, an effect that was further confirmed by focal adhesion (FA) remodeling, revealed by paxillin staining on immunocytochemistry assays. Altogether, these results suggest that OA could be an emergent wound healing agent due to its capacity to rescue endothelial malfunction caused by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Stelling-Férez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
- Regeneration, Molecular Oncology, and TGF-β, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ilaria Cappellacci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francisco José Nicolás
- Regeneration, Molecular Oncology, and TGF-β, IMIB-Pascual Parrilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Fayazbakhsh F, Hataminia F, Eslam HM, Ajoudanian M, Kharrazi S, Sharifi K, Ghanbari H. Evaluating the antioxidant potential of resveratrol-gold nanoparticles in preventing oxidative stress in endothelium on a chip. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21344. [PMID: 38049439 PMCID: PMC10696074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells play a vital role in the health and maintenance of vascular homeostasis, but hyperglycemia disrupts their function by increasing cellular oxidative stress. Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, possesses antioxidant properties that can mitigate oxidative stress. Addressing the challenges of its limited solubility and stability, gold nanoparticles (GNps) were utilized as carriers. A microfluidic chip (MFC) with dynamic flow conditions was designed to simulate body vessels and to investigate the antioxidant properties of resveratrol gold nanoparticles (RGNps), citrate gold nanoparticles (CGNps), and free Resveratrol on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to measure the extracellular antioxidant potential, and cell viability was determined using the Alamar Blue test. For assessing intracellular oxidative stress, the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay was conducted, and results from both the cell culture plate and MFC were compared. Free Resveratrol demonstrated peak DPPH scavenging activity but had a cell viability of about 24-35%. RGNPs, both 3.0 ± 0.5 nm and 20.2 ± 4.7 nm, consistently showed high cell viability (more than about 90%) across tested concentrations. Notably, RGNPs (20 nm) exhibited antioxidative properties through DPPH scavenging activity (%) in the range of approximately 38-86% which was greater than that of CGNps at about 21-32%. In the MFC,the DCFH-DA analysis indicated that RGNPs (20 nm) reduced cellular oxidative stress by 57-82%, surpassing both CGNps and free Resveratrol. Morphologically, cells in the MFC presented superior structure compared to those in traditional cell culture plates, and the induction of hyperglycemia successfully led to the formation of multinucleated variant endothelial cells (MVECs). The MFC provides a distinct advantage in observing cell morphology and inducing endothelial cell dysfunction. RGNps have demonstrated significant potential in alleviating oxidative stress and preventing endothelial cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fayazbakhsh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hataminia
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houra Mobaleghol Eslam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ajoudanian
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharmin Kharrazi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gajić Bojić M, Đukanović Đ, Marinković S, Jovičić S, Stojiljković MP, Djuric DM, Škrbić R. Methodological challenges in using human umbilical artery as a model for in vitro studies. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1569-1578. [PMID: 37837634 PMCID: PMC10988505 DOI: 10.1113/ep091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the biggest challenges in performing in vitro studies on isolated human umbilical arteries? What is the main finding and its importance? The protocols presented in this study indicate some potential outcomes important for interpretation of the vascular responsivities of human umbilical arteries and could be useful for planning future in vitro studies with human umbilical arteries. ABSTRACT Human umbilical artery (HUA) preparations are of particular importance for in vitro studies on isolated blood vessels because their sampling is not risky for the patient, and they can provide the closest possible impression of changes related to the uteroplacental circulation during pre-eclampsia. Using organ bath techniques, useful experimental protocols are provided for measuring some pathophysiological phenomena in the vascular responses of HUAs. Several vasoconstrictors (serotonin, prostaglandin F and phenylephrine) and vasodilators (acetylcholine and minoxidil) were seleted for determination of their vasoactivity in HUAs. The role of L-type voltage-operated calcium channels and different types of potassium channels (KATP , BKCa and KV ) were assessed, as was the impact of homocysteine. Serotonin was confirmed to be the most potent vasoconstrictor, while acetylcholine and phenylephrine caused variability in the relaxation and contraction response of HUA, respectively. The observed increase in serotonin-induced contraction and a decrease in minoxidil-induced relaxation in the presence of homocysteine suggested its procontractile effect on HUA preparations. Using selective blockers, it was determined that KATP and KV channels participate in the minoxidil-induced relaxation, while L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels play an important role in the serotonin-induced contraction. The presented protocols reveal some of the methodological challenges related to HUA preparations and indicate potential outcomes in interpreting the vascular effects of the investigated substances, both in physiological conditions and in the homocysteine-induced pre-eclampsia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Gajić Bojić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Đorđe Đukanović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sonja Marinković
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity Clinical Centre of the Republic of SrpskaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanja Jovičić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miloš P. Stojiljković
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragan M. Djuric
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology ‘Richard Burian’University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
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Peters MM, Brister JK, Tang EM, Zhang FW, Lucian VM, Trackey PD, Bone Z, Zimmerman JF, Jin Q, Burpo FJ, Parker KK. Self-organizing behaviors of cardiovascular cells on synthetic nanofiber scaffolds. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046114. [PMID: 38046543 PMCID: PMC10693444 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissues and organs, the extracellular matrix (ECM) helps maintain inter- and intracellular architectures that sustain the structure-function relationships defining physiological homeostasis. Combining fiber scaffolds and cells to form engineered tissues is a means of replicating these relationships. Engineered tissues' fiber scaffolds are designed to mimic the topology and chemical composition of the ECM network. Here, we asked how cells found in the heart compare in their propensity to align their cytoskeleton and self-organize in response to topological cues in fibrous scaffolds. We studied cardiomyocytes, valvular interstitial cells, and vascular endothelial cells as they adapted their inter- and intracellular architectures to the extracellular space. We used focused rotary jet spinning to manufacture aligned fibrous scaffolds to mimic the length scale and three-dimensional (3D) nature of the native ECM in the muscular, valvular, and vascular tissues of the heart. The representative cardiovascular cell types were seeded onto fiber scaffolds and infiltrated the fibrous network. We measured different cell types' propensity for cytoskeletal alignment in response to fiber scaffolds with differing levels of anisotropy. The results indicated that valvular interstitial cells on moderately anisotropic substrates have a higher propensity for cytoskeletal alignment than cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. However, all cell types displayed similar levels of alignment on more extreme (isotropic and highly anisotropic) fiber scaffold organizations. These data suggest that in the hierarchy of signals that dictate the spatiotemporal organization of a tissue, geometric cues within the ECM and cellular networks may homogenize behaviors across cell populations and demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Peters
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA
| | - Jackson K. Brister
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA
| | - Edward M. Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, USA
| | - Felita W. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, USA
| | - Veronica M. Lucian
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, USA
| | - Paul D. Trackey
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, USA
| | - Zachary Bone
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, USA
| | - John F. Zimmerman
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA
| | - Qianru Jin
- Disease Biophysics Group, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02134, USA
| | - F. John Burpo
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, USA
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Forouzanfar F, Tabatabaei Z, Emami SA, Ayati Z, Tayarani‐Najaran Z. Protective effects of fruit extract of Rosa canina and quercetin on human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury induced by hydrogen peroxide. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7618-7625. [PMID: 38107098 PMCID: PMC10724588 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nastaran plant, with the scientific name of Rosa canina, has been used since ancient times as a plant with medicinal properties. In the present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to examine the protective effects of R. canina fruit extract (RCFE) and its flavonoid ingredient (quercetin) against H2O2-induced cell injury. RCFE (1.25-20 μg/mL) and quercetin (1.25-20 μM) were exposed to H2O2-oxidizing agent (1 and 2 mM) and the protective effect was examined on HUVEC cells by Alamar Blue test. The amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by using DCFDA reagent by fluorimetric method. The effects of RCFE and quercetin on cell apoptosis were studied by staining with hypotonic PI solution and flow cytometry. The amount of PARP and survivin involved in the apoptotic process was measured using the western blot analysis. The results of the Alamar Blue test showed that RCFE and quercetin could reduce the toxicity of H2O2. RCFE and quercetin were able to significantly increase cell viability against H2O2. Also, it was found that RCFE and quercetin reduced the production of ROS by H2O2. It was found that RCFE and quercetin reduced the apoptosis and sub-G1 peak area in flow histogram after exposure of cells to H2O2. Based on western blot results, pretreatment with RCFE and quercetin could significantly increase survivin protein after exposure of cells to H2O2. Also, RCFE and quercetin could significantly reduce the amount of cleaved PARP after exposure of cells to H2O2. RCFE and its ingredient (quercetin) can be considered a promising source of phytochemicals in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Zeynab Tabatabaei
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Medical Toxicology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Zahra Ayati
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Western Sydney UniversityPenrithAustralia
| | - Zahra Tayarani‐Najaran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Moccia C, Cherubini M, Fortea M, Akinbote A, Padmanaban P, Beltran‐Sastre V, Haase K. Mammary Microvessels are Sensitive to Menstrual Cycle Sex Hormones. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302561. [PMID: 37897317 PMCID: PMC10724440 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a highly vascularized organ influenced by sex hormones including estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4). Beyond whole-organism studies in rodents or cell monocultures, hormonal effects on the breast microvasculature remain largely understudied. Recent methods to generate 3D microvessels on-chip have enabled direct observation of complex vascular processes; however, these models often use non-tissue-specific cell types, such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblasts from various sources. Here, novel mammary-specific microvessels are generated by coculturing primary breast endothelial cells and fibroblasts under optimized culture conditions. These microvessels are mechanosensitive (to interstitial flow) and require endothelial-stromal interactions to develop fully perfusable vessels. These mammary-specific microvessels are also responsive to exogenous stimulation by sex hormones. When treated with combined E2 and P4, corresponding to the four phases of the menstrual cycle (period, follicular, ovular, and luteal), vascular remodeling and barrier function are altered in a phase-dependent manner. The presence of high E2 (ovulation) promotes vascular growth and remodeling, corresponding to high depletion of proangiogenic factors, whereas high P4 concentrations (luteal) promote vascular regression. The effects of combined E2 and P4 hormones are not only dose-dependent but also tissue-specific, as are shown by similarly treating non-tissue-specific HUVEC microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Moccia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Marta Cherubini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Marina Fortea
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Akinola Akinbote
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
- Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Prasanna Padmanaban
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | | | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
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Tullii G, Gutierrez-Fernandez E, Ronchi C, Bellacanzone C, Bondi L, Criado-Gonzalez M, Lagonegro P, Moccia F, Cramer T, Mecerreyes D, Martín J, Antognazza MR. Bimodal modulation of in vitro angiogenesis with photoactive polymer nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18716-18726. [PMID: 37953671 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02743k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a fundamental process in biology, given the pivotal role played by blood vessels in providing oxygen and nutrients to tissues, thus ensuring cell survival. Moreover, it is critical in many life-threatening pathologies, like cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, conventional treatments of pathological angiogenesis suffer from several limitations, including low bioavailability, limited spatial and temporal resolution, lack of specificity and possible side effects. Recently, innovative strategies have been explored to overcome these drawbacks based on the use of exogenous nano-sized materials and the treatment of the endothelial tissue with optical or electrical stimuli. Here, conjugated polymer-based nanoparticles are proposed as exogenous photo-actuators, thus combining the advantages offered by nanotechnology with those typical of optical stimulation. Light excitation can achieve high spatial and temporal resolution, while permitting minimal invasiveness. Interestingly, the possibility to either enhance (≈+30%) or reduce (up to -65%) the angiogenic capability of model endothelial cells is demonstrated, by employing different polymer beads, depending on the material type and the presence/absence of the light stimulus. In vitro results reported here represent a valuable proof of principle of the reliability and efficacy of the proposed approach and should be considered as a promising step towards a paradigm shift in therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
| | - Edgar Gutierrez-Fernandez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carlotta Ronchi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
| | - Christian Bellacanzone
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Bondi
- DiFA University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2 Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paola Lagonegro
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tobias Cramer
- DiFA University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2 Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI, Campus Esteiro S/N, 15403 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy.
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Aghajanshakeri S, Salmanmahiny A, Aghajanshakeri S, Babaei A, Alishahi F, Babayani E, Shokrzadeh M. Modulatory effect of amifostine (WR-1065) against genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by methotrexate in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:755-765. [PMID: 37537746 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2238069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Amifostine is used in chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a cytoprotective adjuvant alongside DNA-binding chemotherapeutic agents. It functions by reducing free radicals and detoxifying harmful metabolites. Methotrexate, as an antimetabolite drug has been considered for treating various cancers and autoimmune diseases. However, the cytotoxic effects of methotrexate extend beyond tumor cells to crucial organs, including the heart. This study applied the HUVEC cell line as a reference in vitro model for researching the characteristics of vascular endothelium and cardiotoxicity. The current study aimed to assess amifostine's potential cytoprotective properties against methotrexate-induced cellular damage. Cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay. Apoptotic rates were evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining via flow cytometry. The genoprotective effect of amifostine was determined using the comet assay. Cells were exposed to various amifostine doses (10-200 μg/mL) and methotrexate (2.5 μM) in pretreatment culture condition. Methotrexate at 2.5 μM revealed cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress and genotoxicity while highlighting amifostine's cyto/geno protective properties on HUVECs. Amifostine significantly decreased the levels of ROS and LPO while preserving the status of GSH and SOD activity. Furthermore, it inhibited genotoxicity (tail length, %DNA in tail, and tail moment) in the comet assay. Amifostine markedly attenuated methotrexate-induced apoptotic cell death (early and late apoptotic rates). These findings convey that amifostine can operate as a cytoprotectant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Aghajanshakeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Salmanmahiny
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahin Aghajanshakeri
- Biological Oncology (Orchid Pharmed) Department, CinnaGen Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farhad Alishahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Erfan Babayani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Murphy AR, Allenby MC. In vitro microvascular engineering approaches and strategies for interstitial tissue integration. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:114-130. [PMID: 37717711 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing gap between clinical demand for tissue or organ transplants and the availability of donated tissue highlights the emerging opportunities for lab-grown or synthetically engineered tissue. While the field of tissue engineering has existed for nearly half a century, its clinical translation remains unrealised, in part, due to a limited ability to engineer sufficient vascular supply into fabricated tissue, which is necessary to enable nutrient and waste exchange, prevent cellular necrosis, and support tissue proliferation. Techniques to develop anatomically relevant, functional vascular networks in vitro have made significant progress in the last decade, however, the challenge now remains as to how best incorporate these throughout dense parenchymal tissue-like structures to address diffusion-limited development and allow for the fabrication of large-scale vascularised tissue. This review explores advances made in the laboratory engineering of vasculature structures and summarises recent attempts to integrate vascular networks together with sophisticated in vitro avascular tissue and organ-like structures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The ability to grow full scale, functional tissue and organs in vitro is primarily limited by an inability to adequately diffuse oxygen and nutrients throughout developing cellularised structures, which generally results from the absence of perfusable vessel networks. Techniques to engineering both perfusable vascular networks and avascular miniaturised organ-like structures have recently increased in complexity, sophistication, and physiological relevance. However, integrating these two essential elements into a single functioning vascularised tissue structure represents a significant spatial and temporal engineering challenge which is yet to be surmounted. Here, we explore a range of vessel morphogenic phenomena essential for tissue-vascular co-development, as well as evaluate a range of recent noteworthy approaches for generating vascularised tissue products in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Murphy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4100, Australia
| | - M C Allenby
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4100, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Medical, Mechanical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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Mirzazadeh J, Majidi MR, Norouzi P, Faridi-Majidi R, Asadpour-Zeynali K. Non-invasive and probeless rapid in-vitro monitoring and quantification of HUVECs counts based on FFT impedimetery. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:28854. [PMID: 38938755 PMCID: PMC11199931 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.28854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The endothelial cells derived from the human vein cord (HUVECs) are used as in-vitro models for studying cellular and molecular pathophysiology, drug and hormones transport mechanisms, or pathways. In these studies, the proliferation and quantity of cells are important features that should be monitored and assessed regularly. So rapid, easy, noninvasive, and inexpensive methods are favorable for this purpose. Methods In this work, a novel method based on fast Fourier transform square-wave voltammetry (FFTSWV) combined with a 3D printed electrochemical cell including two inserted platinum electrodes was developed for non-invasive and probeless rapid in-vitro monitoring and quantification of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The electrochemical cell configuration, along with inverted microscope images, provided the capability of easy use, online in-vitro monitoring, and quantification of the cells during proliferation. Results HUVECs were cultured and proliferated at defined experimental conditions, and standard cell counts in the initial range of 12 500 to 175 000 were prepared and calibrated by using a hemocytometer (Neubauer chamber) counting for electrochemical measurements. The optimum condition, for FFTSWV at a frequency of 100 Hz and 5 mV amplitude, were found to be a safe electrochemical measurement in the cell culture medium. In each run, the impedance or admittance measurement was measured in a 5 seconds time window. The total measurements were fulfilled at 5, 24, and 48 hours after the seeding of the cells, respectively. The recorded microscopic images before every electrochemical assay showed the conformity of morphology and objective counts of cells in every plate well. The proposed electrochemical method showed dynamic linearity in the range of 12 500-265 000 HUVECs 48 hours after the seeding of cells. Conclusion The proposed electrochemical method can be used as a simple, fast, and noninvasive technique for tracing and monitoring of HUVECs population in in-vitro studies. This method is highly cheap in comparison with other traditional tools. The introduced configuration has the versatility to develop electrodes for the study of various cells and the application of other electrochemical designations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Mirzazadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Mir Reza Majidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Asadpour-Zeynali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
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Lorigo M, Mangana C, Cairrao E. Disrupting effects of the emerging contaminant octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC) on human umbilical artery relaxation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122302. [PMID: 37536478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the number one cause of death worldwide. The vascular endothelium may play a role in the pathophysiology of CVD diseases. Octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC) is a UV-B filter (CAS number: 5466-77-3) widely used worldwide in numerous personal care products, including sunscreens, daily creams, and makeup. This UV-B filter is considered an endocrine disruptor. Therefore, this investigation aimed to evaluate the direct effects of OMC in human umbilical arteries (HUAs) with endothelium and the possible mechanisms involved in the response. The results demonstrated that OMC exerts a rapid (non-genomic) and endothelium-dependent arterial relaxant effect on HUAs previously contracted with serotonin (5-HT) and Histamine (His). On the other hand, when HUAs were contracted with potassium chloride (KCl), the relaxing effect was only observed in HUAs without endothelium, and it appeared to be inhibited in HUAs with endothelium. Thus, the vasorelaxant effect of OMC depends on the endothelium and depends on the contractile agent used, suggesting that OMC may act through different signaling pathways. Furthermore, computational modulation studies, corroborated the binding of OMC to all the proteins under investigation (eNOS, COX-2, ET-1, and TxA2), with higher affinity for COX-2. In summary, the vascular effect of OMC may involve activating different pathways, i.e., acting through the NO pathway, COX pathway, or activating the endothelin-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Mangana
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS - UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal; C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-501, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Franconi F, Capobianco G, Diana G, Lodde V, De Donno A, Idda ML, Montella A, Campesi I. Sex Influence on Autophagy Markers and miRNAs in Basal and Angiotensin II-Treated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14929. [PMID: 37834376 PMCID: PMC10573886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) display many sex and gender differences, and endothelial dysfunction, angiotensin II (Ang II), and autophagy represent key factors in the autophagic process Therefore, we studied whether Ang II modulates the mentioned processes in a sex-specific way in HUVECs obtained from healthy male and female newborns. In basal HUVECs, the Parkin gene and protein were higher in FHUVECs than in MHUVECs, while the Beclin-1 protein was more expressed in MHUVECs, and no other significant differences were detected. Ang II significantly increases LAMP-1 and p62 protein expression and decreases the expression of Parkin protein in comparison to basal in MHUVECs. In FHUVECs, Ang II significantly increases the expression of Beclin-1 gene and protein, and Parkin gene. The LC3 II/I ratio and LAMP-1 protein were significantly higher in MHUVECs than in FHUVECs, while Parkin protein was significantly more expressed in Ang II-treated FHUVECs than in male cells. Ang II affects the single miRNA levels: miR-126-3p and miR-133a-3p are downregulated and upregulated in MHUVECs and FHUVECs, respectively. MiR-223 is downregulated in MHUVEC and FHUVECs. Finally, miR-29b-3p and miR-133b are not affected by Ang II. Ang II effects and the relationship between miRNAs and organelles-specific autophagy is sex-dependent in HUVECs. This could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex differences in endothelial dysfunction, providing useful indications for innovative biomarkers and personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratory of Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Diana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (V.L.)
| | - Valeria Lodde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (V.L.)
| | - Alberto De Donno
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Maria Laura Idda
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (V.L.)
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratory of Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (V.L.)
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Lu C, Zhang L, Chen X, Wan H, Dong H. Cl - induces endothelium-dependent mesenteric arteriolar vasorelaxation through the NKCC1/TRPV4/NCX axis. Life Sci 2023; 330:121942. [PMID: 37451399 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although absorbed NaCl increases intestinal blood flow to facilitate absorption and transportation, it is unclear if it can directly mediate mesenteric arterial relaxation. We aimed to investigate and test our hypothesis that Cl- induces mesenteric arterial vasorelaxation via endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). MAIN METHODS We used wire myograph to study NaCl-induced vasorelaxation of mesenteric arteries isolated from mice. Cl-, Ca2+ and K+ imaging was performed in human vascular endothelial cells pre-treated with pharmacological agents. KEY FINDINGS The Cl- concentration-dependently induced vasorelaxation of mesenteric arteries likely through EDH. The Cl--induced vasorelaxation was attenuated in TRPV4 KO mice and inhibited by selective blockers of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) (bumetanide, 10 μM), transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) (RN-1734, 40 μM), and small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SKCa) (apamin, 3 μM)/ intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa) (TRAM-34, 10 μM) and myoendothelial gap junction (18α-glycyrrhetinic acid, 10 μM), but enhanced by a selective activator of IKCa/SKCa (SKA-31, 0.3 μM). Cl- decreased intracellular K+ concentrations in endothelial cells, which was reversed by apamin (200 nM) plus TRAM-34 (500 nM). Extracellular Cl- raised intracellular Cl- concentrations in endothelial cells, which was attenuated by bumetanide (10 μM). Finally, Cl- induced a transient Ca2+ signaling via TRPV4 in endothelial cells, which became sustained when the Ca2+ exit mode of Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) was blocked. SIGNIFICANCE Cl- induces a pure EDH-mediated vasorelaxation of mesenteric arteries through activation of endothelial NKCC1/TRPV4/NCX axis. We have provided a novel insight into the role of Cl--induced vasorelaxation via EDH mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, #1 Ningde Road, Qingdao 266073, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Luyun Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hanxing Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Medical College, #1 Ningde Road, Qingdao 266073, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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Sigdel I, Ofori-Kwafo A, Heizelman RJ, Nestor-Kalinoski A, Prabhakarpandian B, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. Biomimetic on-chip assay reveals the anti-metastatic potential of a novel thienopyrimidine compound in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1227119. [PMID: 37840664 PMCID: PMC10569307 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1227119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study presents a microfluidic tumor microenvironment (TME) model for evaluating the anti-metastatic efficacy of a novel thienopyrimidines analog with anti-cancer properties utilizing an existing commercial platform. The microfluidic device consists of a tissue compartment flanked by vascular channels, allowing for the co-culture of multiple cell types and providing a wide range of culturing conditions in one device. Methods: Human metastatic, drug-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (SUM159PTX) and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to model the TME. A dynamic perfusion scheme was employed to facilitate EC physiological function and lumen formation. Results: The measured permeability of the EC barrier was comparable to observed microvessels permeability in vivo. The TNBC cells formed a 3D tumor, and co-culture with HUVEC negatively impacted EC barrier integrity. The microfluidic TME was then used to model the intravenous route of drug delivery. Paclitaxel (PTX) and a novel non-apoptotic agent TPH104c were introduced via the vascular channels and successfully reached the TNBC tumor, resulting in both time and concentration-dependent tumor growth inhibition. PTX treatment significantly reduced EC barrier integrity, highlighting the adverse effects of PTX on vascular ECs. TPH104c preserved EC barrier integrity and prevented TNBC intravasation. Discussion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of microfluidics for studying complex biological processes in a controlled environment and evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in more physiologically relevant conditions. This model can be a valuable tool for screening potential anticancer drugs and developing personalized cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Sigdel
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Awurama Ofori-Kwafo
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Robert J. Heizelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Nestor-Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Yuan Tang
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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Brown KN, Phan HKT, Jui EL, Kang MK, Connell JP, Keswani SG, Grande-Allen KJ. Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Endocardial Endothelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:371-380. [PMID: 37310900 PMCID: PMC10442675 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart contains diverse endothelial cell types. We sought to characterize the endocardial endothelial cells (EECs), which line the chambers of the heart. EECs are relatively understudied, yet their dysregulation can lead to various cardiac pathologies. Due to the lack of commercial availability of these cells, we reported our protocol for isolating EECs from porcine hearts and for establishing an EEC population through cell sorting. In addition, we compared the EEC phenotype and fundamental behaviors to a well-studied endothelial cell line, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The EECs stained positively for classic phenotypic markers such as CD31, von Willebrand Factor, and vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin. The EECs proliferated more quickly than HUVECs at 48 h (1310 ± 251 cells vs. 597 ± 130 cells, p = 0.0361) and at 96 h (2873 ± 257 cells vs. 1714 ± 342 cells, p = 0.0002). Yet EECs migrated more slowly than HUVECs to cover a scratch wound at 4 h (5% ± 1% wound closure vs. 25% ± 3% wound closure, p < 0.0001), 8 h (15% ± 4% wound closure vs. 51% ± 12% wound closure, p < 0.0001), and 24 h (70% ± 11% wound closure vs. 90% ± 3% wound closure, p < 0.0001). Finally, the EECs maintained their endothelial phenotype by positive expression of CD31 through more than a dozen passages (three populations of EECs showing 97% ± 1% CD31+ cells in over 14 passages). In contrast, the HUVECs showed significantly reduced CD31 expression over high passages (80% ± 11% CD31+ cells over 14 passages). These important phenotypic differences between EECs and HUVECs highlight the need for researchers to utilize the most relevant cell types when studying or modeling diseases of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Kim T. Phan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elysa L. Jui
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marci K. Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Khapchaev AY, Antonova OA, Kazakova OA, Samsonov MV, Vorotnikov AV, Shirinsky VP. Long-Term Experimental Hyperglycemia Does Not Impair Macrovascular Endothelial Barrier Integrity and Function in vitro. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1126-1138. [PMID: 37758312 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923080072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes implicated in vascular endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. Many in vitro studies identified endothelial apoptosis as an early outcome of experimentally modeled hyperglycemia emphasizing cell demise as a significant factor of vascular injury. However, endothelial apoptosis has not been observed in vivo until the late stages of type 2 diabetes. Here, we studied the long-term (up to 4 weeks) effects of high glucose (HG, 30 mM) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. HG did not alter HUVEC monolayer morphology, ROS levels, NO production, and exerted minor effects on the HUVEC apoptosis markers. The barrier responses to various clues were indistinguishable from those by cells cultured in physiological glucose (5 mM). Tackling the key regulators of cytoskeletal contractility and endothelial barrier revealed no differences in the histamine-induced intracellular Ca2+ responses, nor in phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain or myosin light chain phosphatase. Altogether, these findings suggest that vascular endothelial cells may well tolerate HG for relatively long exposures and warrant further studies to explore mechanisms involved in vascular damage in advanced type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asker Y Khapchaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
| | - Olga A Antonova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Olga A Kazakova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Samsonov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Alexander V Vorotnikov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Shirinsky
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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47
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Marques IS, Tavares V, Neto BV, Mota INR, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Venous Thromboembolism: Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12103. [PMID: 37569483 PMCID: PMC10418965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a common condition in Western countries, is a cardiovascular disorder that arises due to haemostatic irregularities, which lead to thrombus generation inside veins. Even with successful treatment, the resulting disease spectrum of complications considerably affects the patient's quality of life, potentially leading to death. Cumulative data indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may have a role in VTE pathogenesis. However, the clinical usefulness of these RNAs as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for VTE management is yet unclear. Thus, this article reviewed the emerging evidence on lncRNAs associated with VTE and with the activity of the coagulation system, which has a central role in disease pathogenesis. Until now, ten lncRNAs have been implicated in VTE pathogenesis, among which MALAT1 is the one with more evidence. Meanwhile, five lncRNAs have been reported to affect the expression of TFPI2, an important anticoagulant protein, but none with a described role in VTE development. More investigation in this field is needed as lncRNAs may help dissect VTE pathways, aiding in disease prediction, prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Soares Marques
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Vieira Neto
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês N. R. Mota
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (I.S.M.); (V.T.); (B.V.N.); (I.N.R.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
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48
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Bozzuto G, Colone M, Toccacieli L, Molinari A, Calcabrini A, Stringaro A. Interaction of Drug-Sensitive and -Resistant Human Melanoma Cells with HUVEC Cells: A Label-Free Cell-Based Impedance Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1544. [PMID: 37371639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell extravasation is a crucial step in cancer metastasis. However, many of the mechanisms involved in this process are only now being elucidated. Thus, in the present study we analysed the trans-endothelial invasion of melanoma cells by a high throughput label-free cell impedance assay applied to transwell chamber invasion assay. This technique monitors and quantifies in real-time the invasion of endothelial cells by malignant tumour cells, for a long time, avoiding artefacts due to preparation of the end point measurements. Results obtained by impedance analysis were compared with endpoint measurements. In this study, we used human melanoma M14 wild type (WT) cells and their drug resistant counterparts, M14 multidrug resistant (ADR) melanoma cells, selected by prolonged exposure to doxorubicin (DOX). Tumour cells were co-cultured with monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results herein reported demonstrated that: (i) the trans-endothelial migration of resistant melanoma cells was faster than sensitive ones; (ii) the endothelial cells appeared to be strongly affected by the transmigration of melanoma cells which showed the ability to degrade their cytoplasm; (iii) resistant cells preferentially adopted the transcellular invasion vs. the paracellular one; (iv) the endothelial damage mediated by tumour metalloproteinases seemed to be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Bozzuto
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Colone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Toccacieli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Molinari
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarica Calcabrini
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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49
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Park KE, Lee SH, Bae SI, Hwang Y, Ok SH, Ahn SH, Sim G, Chung S, Sohn JT. Lipid Emulsion Inhibits Amlodipine-Induced Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation in Isolated Rat Aorta. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8741. [PMID: 37240087 PMCID: PMC10218685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of lipid emulsion on the vasodilation induced by a toxic dose of amlodipine in isolated rat aorta and elucidate its mechanism, with a particular focus on nitric oxide. The effects of endothelial denudation, NW-nitro-L-arginvine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue, lipid emulsion, and linolenic acid on the amlodipine-induced vasodilation and amlodipine-induced cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production were examined. Furthermore, the effects of lipid emulsion, amlodipine, and PP2, either alone or combined, on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), caveolin-1, and Src-kinase phosphorylation were examined. Amlodipine-induced vasodilation was higher in endothelium-intact aorta than in endothelium-denuded aorta. L-NAME, methylene blue, lipid emulsion, and linolenic acid inhibited amlodipine-induced vasodilation and amlodipine-induced cGMP production in the endothelium-intact aorta. Lipid emulsion reversed the increased stimulatory eNOS (Ser1177) phosphorylation and decreased inhibitory eNOS (Thr495) phosphorylation induced via amlodipine. PP2 inhibited stimulatory eNOS, caveolin-1, and Src-kinase phosphorylation induced via amlodipine. Lipid emulsion inhibited amlodipine-induced endothelial intracellular calcium increase. These results suggest that lipid emulsion attenuated the vasodilation induced via amlodipine through inhibiting nitric oxide release in isolated rat aorta, which seems to be mediated via reversal of stimulatory eNOS (Ser1177) phosphorylation and inhibitory eNOS (Thr495) dephosphorylation, which are also induced via amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Eon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Soo Hee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.-H.O.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Yeran Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Seong-Ho Ok
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.-H.O.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyujin Sim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonghee Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea (S.I.B.); (S.H.A.)
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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50
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Teng RD, Yang CH, Chung CL, Sheu JR, Hsieh CY. Attenuation of indoxyl sulfate-induced cell damage by cinchonidine-a Cinchona alkaloid-through the downregulation of p53 signaling pathway by promoting MDM2 cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling in endothelial cells. Life Sci 2023; 318:121477. [PMID: 36796718 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Renocardiac syndromes are a critical concern among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). High level of indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uremic toxin, in plasma is known to promote the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by impairing endothelial function. However, the therapeutic effects of the adsorbent of indole, a precursor of IS, on renocardiac syndromes is still debated. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches should be developed to treat IS-associated endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we have found that cinchonidine, a major Cinchona alkaloid, exhibited superior cell-protective effects among the 131 test compounds in IS-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). IS-induced cell death, cellular senescence, and impairment of tube formation in HUVECs were substantially reversed after treatment with cinchonidine. Despite the cinchonidine did not alter reactive oxygen species formation, cellular uptake of IS and OAT3 activity, RNA-Seq analysis showed that the cinchonidine treatment downregulated p53-modulated gene expression and substantially reversed IS-caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Although the mRNA levels of p53 were not considerably downregulated by cinchonidine in IS-treated HUVECs, the treatment of cinchonidine promoted the degradation of p53 and the cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of MDM2. Cinchonidine exhibited cell-protective effects against the IS-induced cell death, cellular senescence, and impairment of vasculogenic activity in HUVECs through the downregulation of p53 signaling pathway. Collectively, cinchonidine may be a potential cell-protective agent to rescue IS-induced endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Dun Teng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Li Chung
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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