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Pipal AS, Kaur P, Singh SP, Rohra H, Taneja A. Morphology, aspect ratio, and surface elemental composition of primary aerosol particles at urban region of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34372-w. [PMID: 39014140 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The PM2.5 and PM10 particles were characterized in terms of morphology (size and shape) and surface elemental composition at two different (traffic and industrial) locations in urban region of India and further linked to different morphological defining parameters. The overall PM2.5 and PM10 showed significant daily variability indicating higher PM10 as compared to PM2.5. PM2.5/PM10 ratio was found to be 0.58 ± 0.10 indicating the abundance of PM2.5. Soot aggregates, aluminosilicates, and brochosomes particles were classified based on morphology, aspect ratio (AR), and surface elemental composition of single particles. The linear regression analysis indicates the significant correlation between area equivalent (Daeq) and feret diameter (Dfd) (R2 0.86-0.98). Higher aspect ratio (1.48 ± 0.87-1.43 ± 0.50) was noted at traffic site as compared to industrial site (1.33 ± 0.58-1.29 ± 0.30), while circularity showed the opposite trend. Fractal dimension (Df) of soot aggregates estimated by the soot parameters method (SPM) were found to be 1.70, 1.72, and 1.88, mainly attributed to vehicular emissions, biomass, and industrial emission/coal burning, respectively. This further inferred that freshly emitted soot particles exhibited lacey in nature with spherical shape (Df 1.70) at traffic site, while at industrial location, they were different with compact shapes (Df 1.88) due to particle aging processes. This study inferred the synoptic changes in mass, chemical characteristics, and morphology of aerosol particles which provide the new insights into individual atmospheric particle and their dynamic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atar Singh Pipal
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar University, Agra, 282002, India
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, West Tripura, 799022, India
| | | | - Himanshi Rohra
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ajay Taneja
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar University, Agra, 282002, India.
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Li F, Zhang G, Jinxu Y, Ding T, Liu CQ, Lang Y, Liu N, Song S, Shi Y, Ge B. Comprehensive source identification of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter in a megacity: A case study of Hangzhou. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121747. [PMID: 38991345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Megacities face significant pollution challenges, particularly the elevated levels of heavy metals (HMs) in particulate matter (PM). Despite the advent of interdisciplinary and advanced methods for HM source analysis, integrating and applying these approaches to identify HM sources in PM remains a hurdle. This study employs a year-long daily sampling dataset for PM1 and PM1-10 to examine the patterns of HM concentrations under hazy, clean, and rainy conditions in Hangzhou City, aiming to pinpoint the primary sources of HMs in PM. Contrary to other HMs that remained within acceptable limits, the annual average concentrations of Cd and Ni were found to be 20.6 ± 13.6 and 46.9 ± 34.8 ng/m³, respectively, surpassing the World Health Organization's limits by 4.1 and 1.9 times. Remarkably, Cd levels decreased on hazy days, whereas Ni levels were observed to rise on rainy days. Using principal component analysis (PCA), enrichment factor (EF), and backward trajectory analysis, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were determined to be primarily derived from traffic emissions, and there was an interaction between remote migration and local emissions in haze weather. Isotope analysis reveals that Pb concentrations in the Hangzhou region were primarily influenced by emissions from unleaded gasoline, coal combustion, and municipal solid waste incineration, with additional impact from long-range transport; it also highlights nuanced differences between PM1 and PM1-10. Pb isotope and PCA analyses indicate that Ni primarily stemmed from waste incineration emissions. This explanation accounts for the observed higher Ni concentrations on rainy days. Backward trajectory cluster analysis revealed that southern airflows were the primary source of high Cd concentrations on clean days in Hangzhou City. This study employs a multifaceted approach and cross-validation to successfully delineate the sources of HMs in Hangzhou's PM. It offers a methodology for the precise and reliable analysis of complex HM sources in megacity PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
| | - Gaoxiang Zhang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, PR China
| | - Yifei Jinxu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tianzheng Ding
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yunchao Lang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Nuohang Liu
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yasheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China
| | - Baozhu Ge
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Lin WC, Shie RH, Yuan TH, Tseng CH, Chiang CJ, Lee WC, Chan CC. A nationwide case-referent study on elevated risks of adenocarcinoma lung cancer by long-term PM 2.5 exposure in Taiwan since 1997. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118889. [PMID: 38599452 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of long-term PM2.5 exposures since 1968 on adenocarcinoma lung cancer (AdLC) were not studied before. METHODS This case-referent study used nationwide cancer registry data since 1997 and air pollution data since 1968 in Taiwan to estimate risks of 30-year PM2.5 exposures on AdLC. Cases were all AdLC, while references were all non-AdLC. Individuals' 30-year PM2.5 exposures were estimated by PM2.5 levels at their residence for 30 years prior their diagnosis dates. We applied multiple logistic regression analyses to estimate PM2.5 exposures on incidence rate ratios (IRRs) between cases and references, adjusting for sex, age, smoking, cancer stage, and EGFR mutation. RESULTS Elevation in annual ambient PM2.5 concentrations since 1968 were associated with increase in annual age-adjusted AdLC incidence since 1997. AdLC incidences were higher among females, nonsmokers, the elderly aged above 65, cases of stages IIIB to IV, and EGFR mutation. Study subjects' PM2.5 exposures averaged at 33.7 ± 7.4 μg/m3 with 162 ± 130 high PM2.5 pollution days over 30 years. Multiple logistic models showed an increase in 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5 exposures were significantly associated with 1.044 of IRR between all AdLC and all non-AdLC cases during 2011-2020. Our models also showed that females and nonsmokers and adults less than 65 years had higher IRRs than their respective counterparts. Restricted analyses showed similar effects of PM2.5 exposures on IRRs between stage 0-IIIA and IIIB-IV cases and between EGFR+ and EGFR- cases. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposures to PM2.5 over 30 years were associated with elevated risks of AdLC against non-AdLC, regardless of gender, age, smoking status, cancer stage, or EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chi Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hua Tseng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Health Data Analytics and Statistics, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rodríguez Núñez M, Tavera Busso I, Carreras HA. Quantifying the contribution of environmental variables to cyclists' exposure to PM 2.5 using machine learning techniques. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24724. [PMID: 38298733 PMCID: PMC10828810 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclists are particularly vulnerable to travel-related exposure to air pollution. Understanding the factors that increase exposure is crucial for promoting healthier urban environments. Machine learning models have successfully predicted air pollutant concentrations, but they tend to be less interpretable than classical statistical ones, such as linear models. This study aimed to develop a predictive model to assess cyclists' exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in urban environments. The model was generated using geo-temporally referenced data and machine learning techniques. We explored several models and found that the gradient boosting machine learning model best fitted the PM2.5 predictions, with a minimum root mean square error value of 5.62 μg m-3. The variables with greatest influence on cyclist exposure were the temporal ones (month, day of the week, and time of the day), followed by meteorological variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric pressure. Additionally, we considered relevant attributes, which are partially linked to spatial characteristics. These attributes encompass street typology, vegetation density, and the flow of vehicles on a particular street, which quantifies the number of vehicles passing a given point per minute. Mean PM2.5 concentration was lower in bicycle paths away from vehicular traffic than in bike lanes along streets. These outcomes underscore the need to thoughtfully design public transportation routes, including bus routes, concerning the network of bicycle pathways. Such strategic planning attempts to improve the air quality in urban landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Rodríguez Núñez
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Iván Tavera Busso
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hebe Alejandra Carreras
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Zeb B, Ditta A, Alam K, Sorooshian A, Din BU, Iqbal R, Habib Ur Rahman M, Raza A, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS. Wintertime investigation of PM 10 concentrations, sources, and relationship with different meteorological parameters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:154. [PMID: 38167892 PMCID: PMC10761681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Meteorological factors play a crucial role in affecting air quality in the urban environment. Peshawar is the capital city of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan and is a pollution hotspot. Sources of PM10 and the influence of meteorological factors on PM10 in this megacity have yet to be studied. The current study aims to investigate PM10 mass concentration levels and composition, identify PM10 sources, and quantify links between PM10 and various meteorological parameters like temperature, relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), and rainfall (RF) during the winter months from December 2017 to February 2018. PM10 mass concentrations vary from 180 - 1071 µg m-3, with a mean value of 586 ± 217 µg m-3. The highest concentration is observed in December, followed by January and February. The average values of the mass concentration of carbonaceous species (i.e., total carbon, organic carbon, and elemental carbon) are 102.41, 91.56, and 6.72 μgm-3, respectively. Water-soluble ions adhere to the following concentration order: Ca2+ > Na+ > K+ > NH4+ > Mg2+. Twenty-four elements (Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Co, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Kr, Ag, Pb, Cu, and Cd) are detected in the current study by PIXE analysis. Five sources based on Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) modeling include industrial emissions, soil and re-suspended dust, household combustion, metallurgic industries, and vehicular emission. A positive relationship of PM10 with temperature and relative humidity is observed (r = 0.46 and r = 0.56, respectively). A negative correlation of PM10 is recorded with WS (r = - 0.27) and RF (r = - 0.46). This study's results motivate routine air quality monitoring owing to the high levels of pollution in this region. For this purpose, the establishment of air monitoring stations is highly suggested for both PM and meteorology. Air quality standards and legislation need to be revised and implemented. Moreover, the development of effective control strategies for air pollution is highly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadar Zeb
- Department of Mathematics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (Upper), 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Khan Alam
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Badshah Ud Din
- University Boys College, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Habib Ur Rahman
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ahsan Raza
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Crop Science, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmed AAM, Jui SJJ, Sharma E, Ahmed MH, Raj N, Bose A. An advanced deep learning predictive model for air quality index forecasting with remote satellite-derived hydro-climatological variables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167234. [PMID: 37739083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting the air quality index (AQI) is a critical and pressing challenge for developing nations worldwide. With air pollution emerging as a significant threat to the environment, this study considers seven study sites of the sub-tropical region in Bangladesh and introduces a novel hybrid deep-learning model. The proposed model, expressed as CLSTM-BiGRU, integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN), a long-short term memory (LSTM), and a bi-directional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) network. Leveraging nineteen remotely sensed predictor variables and harnessing the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, the CLSTM-BiGRU model showcases its superiority in air quality forecasting. It consistently outperforms the benchmark models, yielding lower forecasting errors and higher efficiency (i.e., correlation coefficient ~1) values. Hence, this study underscores the feasibility and substantial potential of the hybrid deep learning model, which can provide precise forecasts of air quality index, and will be highly useful for relevant stakeholders and decision-makers. Furthermore, the adaptability and potential utility of this innovative model may be ascertained for air quality monitoring and effective public health risk mitigation in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Abrar Masrur Ahmed
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - S Janifer Jabin Jui
- School of Mathematics Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia
| | - Ekta Sharma
- School of Mathematics Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Hafez Ahmed
- Wadsworth Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6103, United States.
| | - Nawin Raj
- School of Mathematics Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia.
| | - Aditi Bose
- School of Mathematics Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia.
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Tsao TM, Hwang JS, Chen CY, Lin ST, Tsai MJ, Su TC. Urban climate and cardiovascular health: Focused on seasonal variation of urban temperature, relative humidity, and PM 2.5 air pollution. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115358. [PMID: 37595350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal effects on subclinical cardiovascular functions (CVFs) are an important emerging health issue for people living in urban environment. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the effects of seasonal variations of temperature, relative humidity, and PM2.5 air pollution on CVFs. A total of 86 office workers in Taipei City were recruited, their arterial pressure waveform was recorded by cuff sphygmomanometer using an oscillometric blood pressure (BP) device for CVFs assessment. Results of paried t-test with Bonferroni correction showed significantly increased systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP), central end-systolic and diastolic BP (cSBP, cDBP) and systemic vascular resistance, but decreased heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardio output (CO), and cardiac index in winter compared with other seasons. After controlling for related confounding factors, SBP, DBP, cSBP, cDBP, LV dp/dt max, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were negatively associated with, and SV was positively associated with seasonal temperature changes. Seasonal changes of air pollution in terms of PM2.5 were significantly positively associated with DBP and cDBP, as well as negatively associated with HR and CO. Seasonal changes of relative humidity were significantly negatively associated with DBP, and cDBP, as well as positively associated with HR, CO, and baPWV. This study provides evidence of greater susceptibility to cardiovascular events in winter compared with other seasons, with ambient temperature, relative humidity, and PM2.5 as the major factors of seasonal variation of CVFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Tsao
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou County, 55750, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiang Hwang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin 640203, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsun Lin
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou County, 55750, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tsai
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou County, 55750, Taiwan; School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou County, 55750, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
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Cai W, Luo C, Geng X, Zha Y, Zhang T, Zhang H, Yang C, Yin F, Ma Y, Shui T. City-level meteorological conditions modify the relationships between exposure to multiple air pollutants and the risk of pediatric hand, foot, and mouth disease in the Sichuan Basin, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1140639. [PMID: 37601186 PMCID: PMC10433208 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1140639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have examined the effects of city-level meteorological conditions on the associations between meteorological factors and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) risk. However, evidence that city-level meteorological conditions modify air pollutant-HFMD associations is lacking. Methods For each of the 17 cities in the Sichuan Basin, we obtained estimates of the relationship between exposures to multiple air pollutants and childhood HFMD risk by using a unified distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). Multivariate meta-regression models were used to identify the effects of city-level meteorological conditions as effect modifiers. Finally, we conducted subgroup analyses of age and sex to explore whether the modification effects varied in different subgroups. Results The associations between PM2.5/CO/O3 and HFMD risk showed moderate or substantial heterogeneity among cities (I 2 statistics: 48.5%, 53.1%, and 61.1%). Temperature conditions significantly modified the PM2.5-HFMD association, while relative humidity and rainfall modified the O3-HFMD association. Low temperatures enhanced the protective effect of PM2.5 exposure against HFMD risk [PM2.5 <32.7 μg/m3 or PM2.5 >100 μg/m3, at the 99th percentile: relative risk (RR) = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03-0.60]. Low relative humidity increased the adverse effect of O3 exposure on HFMD risk (O3 >128.7 μg/m3, at the 99th percentile: RR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.48-4.50). However, high rainfall decreased the risk of HFMD due to O3 exposure (O3: 14.1-41.4 μg/m3). In addition, the modification effects of temperature and relative humidity differed in the female and 3-5 years-old subgroups. Conclusion Our findings revealed moderate or substantial heterogeneity in multiple air pollutant-HFMD relationships. Temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall modified the relationships between PM2.5 or O3 exposure and HFMD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennian Cai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiying Luo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoran Geng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyi Zha
- Graduate School of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huadong Zhang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhong Yang
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiejun Shui
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
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Addiena A Rahim NA, Noor NM, Mohd Jafri IA, Ul-Saufie AZ, Ramli N, Abu Seman NA, Kamarudzaman AN, Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol MR, Victor SA, Deak G. Variability of PM 10 level with gaseous pollutants and meteorological parameters during episodic haze event in Malaysia: Domestic or solely transboundary factor? Heliyon 2023; 9:e17472. [PMID: 37426786 PMCID: PMC10329145 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Haze has become a seasonal phenomenon affecting Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, and has occurred almost every year within the last few decades. Air pollutants, specifically particulate matter, have drawn a lot of attention due to their adverse impact on human health. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability of the PM10 concentration at Kelang, Melaka, Pasir Gudang, and Petaling Jaya during historic haze events were analysed. An hourly dataset consisting of PM10, gaseous pollutants and weather parameters were obtained from Department of Environment Malaysia. The mean PM10 concentrations exceeded the stipulated Recommended Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Guideline for the yearly average of 150 μg/m3 except for Pasir Gudang in 1997 and 2005, and Petaling Jaya in 2013. The PM10 concentrations exhibit greater variability in the southwest monsoon and inter-monsoon periods at the studied year. The air masses are found to be originating from the region of Sumatra during the haze episodes. Strong to moderate correlation of PM10 concentrations was found between CO during the years that recorded episodic haze, meanwhile, the relationship of PM10 level with SO2 was found to be significant in 2013 with significant negatively correlated relative humidity. Weak correlation of PM10-NOx was measured in all study areas probably due to less contribution of domestic anthropogenic sources towards haze events in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alis Addiena A Rahim
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Technology (CEGeoGTech), Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Norazian Mohamed Noor
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Technology (CEGeoGTech), Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Izzati Amani Mohd Jafri
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Technology (CEGeoGTech), Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie
- Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Technology (CEGeoGTech), Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia
| | - Norazrin Ramli
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Technology (CEGeoGTech), Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Nor Amirah Abu Seman
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol
- Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Technology (CEGeoGTech), Jejawi, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang, 14300, Malaysia
| | - Sandu Andrei Victor
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Blvd. D. Mangeron 71, 700050, Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Inventors Forum, Str. Sf. P. Movila 3, 700089, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gyorgy Deak
- National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection INCDPM, Splaiul Independentei 294, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Navasakthi S, Pandey A, Bhari JS, Sharma A. Significant variation in air quality in South Indian cities during COVID-19 lockdown and unlock phases. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:772. [PMID: 37253943 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With the spread of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, the Government of India had imposed lockdown in the month of March 2020 to curb the spread of the virus furthermore. This shutdown led to closure of various institutions, organizations, and industries, and restriction on public movement was also inflicted which paved way to better air quality due to reduction in various industrial and vehicular emissions. To brace this, the present study was carried out to statistically analyze the changes in air quality from pre-lockdown period to unlock 6.0 in South Indian cities, namely, Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, and Hyderabad, by assessing the variation in concentration of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 during pre-lockdown, lockdown, and unlock phases. Pollutant concentration data was obtained for the selected timeframe (01 March 2020-30 November 2020) from CPCB, and line graph was plotted which had shown visible variation in the concentration of pollutants in cities taken into consideration. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the mean differences in the concentration of pollutants during eleven timeframes, and the results indicated a significant difference (F (10,264) = 3.389, p < 0.001). A significant decrease in the levels of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 during the lockdown phases was asserted by Tukey HSD results in Bangalore, Coimbatore, and Hyderabad stations, whereas PM10 and NO2 significantly increased during lockdown period in Chennai station. In order to understand the cause of variation in the concentration of pollutants and to find the association of pollutants with meteorological parameters, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to study the relationship between PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 concentrations, temperature, rainfall, and wind speed for a span of 15 months, i.e., from January 2020 to March 2021. At a significant level of 99.9%, 99%, and 95%, a significant correlation among the pollutants, rainfall had a major impact on the pollutant concentration in Bangalore, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, and Chennai followed by wind speed and temperature. No significant influence of temperature on the concentration of pollutants was observed in Bangalore station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Navasakthi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anuvesh Pandey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashita Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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11
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Birinci E, Özdemir ET, Deniz A. An investigation of the effects of sand and dust storms in the North East Sahara Desert on Turkish airports and PM 10 values: 7 and 8 April, 2013 events. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:708. [PMID: 37212911 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Between April 7 and April 10, 2013, a cyclone with a value of 995 hPa that developed in the central Mediterranean transported dust from the Sahara Desert towards Turkey. At 13 airports in Turkey, dust haze and widespread dust were seen during different occasions in this period and caused the observation of so-called "Blowing dust events." This cyclone blew dust towards the Cappadocia airport, and the prevailing visibility decreased to 3800 m, making it the lowest value measured during the transition of this cyclone. In this study, Aviation Routine Weather Report (Metar) and Aviation Selected Special Weather Report (Speci) observations of airports in North Africa and Turkey were evaluated for the period between April 3 and April 11, 2013. With this cyclone the prevailing visibility at Benina Airport in Libya decreased to 50 m on April 6, 2013. This study aims to evaluate long-distance dust transport's effects on meteorological visibility at airports in Turkey and examine the episodic changes of PM10 values measured by air quality monitoring stations. Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model outputs were used to determine the trajectories of long-distance dust particles. Powder red, green, and blue (RGB) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images, Cloud-Aerosol LIDAR Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) images, the Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Dust Regional Atmosphere Model (BSC-DREAM8b) outputs, and Global Forecast System (GFS) synoptic maps were used for analysis. In addition, PM10 values obtained from air quality monitoring stations were examined. According to the data obtained from the CALIPSO images, the dust concentration on the Eastern Mediterranean reaches up to 5 km. The episodic values obtained from certain air quality measurement stations are Adana 701, Gaziantep 629, Karaman 900, Nevşehir 1343, and Yozgat 782 µg/m3 on an hourly average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Birinci
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Emrah Tuncay Özdemir
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Deniz
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, İstanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Li X, Abdullah LC, Sobri S, Md Said MS, Hussain SA, Aun TP, Hu J. Long-Term Air Pollution Characteristics and Multi-scale Meteorological Factor Variability Analysis of Mega-mountain Cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:328. [PMID: 37200574 PMCID: PMC10175934 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, air quality has become central to global environmental policymaking. As a typical mountain megacity in the Cheng-Yu region, the air pollution in Chongqing is unique and sensitive. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the long-term annual, seasonal, and monthly variation characteristics of six major pollutants and seven meteorological parameters. The emission distribution of major pollutants is also discussed. The relationship between pollutants and the multi-scale meteorological conditions was explored. The results indicate that particulate matter (PM), SO2 and NO2 showed a "U-shaped" variation, while O3 showed an "inverted U-shaped" seasonal variation. Industrial emissions accounted for 81.84%, 58% and 80.10% of the total SO2, NOx and dust pollution emissions, respectively. The correlation between PM2.5 and PM10 was strong (R = 0.98). In addition, PM only showed a significant negative correlation with O3. On the contrary, PM showed a significant positive correlation with other gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO). O3 is only negatively correlated with relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. These findings provide an accurate and effective countermeasure for the coordinated management of air pollution in Cheng-Yu region and the formulation of the regional carbon peaking roadmap. Furthermore, it can improve the prediction accuracy of air pollution under multi-scale meteorological factors, promote effective emission reduction paths and policies in the region, and provide references for related epidemiological research. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-023-06279-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Xichang University, No. 1 Xuefu Road, Anning Town, Xichang City, 615000 Sichuan Province China
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Tan Poh Aun
- SOx NOx Asia Sdn Bhd, UEP Subang Jaya, 47620 Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jinzhao Hu
- Xichang University, No. 1 Xuefu Road, Anning Town, Xichang City, 615000 Sichuan Province China
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13
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Spatio-temporal air quality analysis and PM2.5 prediction over Hyderabad City, India using artificial intelligence techniques. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Kumar P, Omidvarborna H, Yao R. A parent-school initiative to assess and predict air quality around a heavily trafficked school. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160587. [PMID: 36470381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many primary schools in the UK are situated in close proximity to heavily-trafficked roads, yet long-term air pollution monitoring around such schools to establish factors affecting the variability of exposure is limited. We co-designed a study to monitor particulate matter in different size fractions (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), gaseous pollutants (NO2, O3 and CO) and meteorological parameters (ambient temperature, relative humidity) over a period of one year. The period included phases of national COVID-19 lockdown and its subsequent easing and removal. Statistical analysis was used to assess the diurnal patterns, pollution hotspots and underlying factors driving changes. A pollution episode was observed early in January 2021, owing to new year celebration fireworks, when the daily average PM2.5 was around three-times the World Health Organisation limit. PM2.5 and NO2 exceeded the threshold limits on 15 and 10 days, respectively, as the lockdown eased and the school reopened, despite the predominant wind direction often being away from the school towards the roads. The peak concentration levels for all pollutants occurred during morning drop-off hours; however, some weekends showed higher or comparable concentrations to those during weekdays. The strong disproportional Pearson correlation between CO and temperature demonstrated the possible contribution of local sources through biomass burning. The impact of lifting restrictions after removing the weather impact showed that the average pollution levels were low in the beginning and increased by up to 22.7 % and 4.2 % for PM2.5 and NO2, respectively, with complete easing of lockdown. The Prophet algorithm was implemented to develop a prediction model using an NO2 dataset that performed moderately (R2, 0.48) for a new monthly dataset. This study was able to build a local air pollution database at a school gate, which enabled an understanding of the air pollution variability across the year and allowed evidence-based mitigation strategies to be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Institute for Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Hamid Omidvarborna
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Runming Yao
- School of The Built Environment, University of Reading, RG6 6DF, United Kingdom; Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), School of the Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
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15
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Mahasakpan N, Chaisongkaew P, Inerb M, Nim N, Phairuang W, Tekasakul S, Furuuchi M, Hata M, Kaosol T, Tekasakul P, Dejchanchaiwong R. Fine and ultrafine particle- and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affecting southern Thailand air quality during transboundary haze and potential health effects. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:253-267. [PMID: 36182135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 particle- and gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the 2019 normal, partial and strong haze periods at a background location in southern Thailand were investigated to understand the behaviors and carcinogenic risks. PM1 was the predominant component, during partial and strong haze periods, accounting for 45.1% and 52.9% of total suspended particulate matter, respectively, while during normal period the contribution was only 34.0%. PM0.1 concentrations, during the strong haze period, were approximately 2 times higher than those during the normal period. Substantially increased levels of particle-PAHs for PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 were observed during strong haze period, about 3, 5 and 6 times higher than those during normal period. Gas-PAH concentrations were 10 to 36 times higher than those of particle-PAHs for PM2.5. Average total Benzo[a]Pyrene Toxic Equivalency Quotients (BaP-TEQ) in PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 during haze periods were about 2-6 times higher than in the normal period. The total accumulated Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risks (ILCRs) in PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 for all the age-specific groups during the haze effected scenario were approximately 1.5 times higher than those in non-haze scenario, indicating a higher potential carcinogenic risk. These observations suggest PM0.1, PM1 and PM2.5 were the significant sources of carcinogenic aerosols and were significantly affected by transboundary haze from peatland fires. This leads to an increase in the volume of smoke aerosol, exerting a significant impact on air quality in southern Thailand, as well as many other countries in lower southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napawan Mahasakpan
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Phatsarakorn Chaisongkaew
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Muanfun Inerb
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Nobchonnee Nim
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Worradorn Phairuang
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surajit Tekasakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Masami Furuuchi
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Hata
- Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Thaniya Kaosol
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Perapong Tekasakul
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Racha Dejchanchaiwong
- Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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16
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Chung CY, Yang J, Yang X, He J. A novel mathematical model for estimating the relative risk of mortality attributable to the combined effect of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and cold ambient temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159634. [PMID: 36280065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cold ambient temperatures have been identified as important risk factors in contributing towards the global mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite China currently being the country with the largest population in the world, previous relative risk (RR) models have considered little or no information from the ambient air pollution related cohort studies in the country. This likely provides a less accurate picture of the trend in air pollution attributable mortality in the country over time. A novel relative risk model called pollutant-temperature exposure (PTE) model is proposed to estimate the RR attributable to the combined effect of air pollution and ambient temperature in a population. In this paper, the pollutant concentration-response curve was extrapolated from the cohort studies in China, whereas the temperature response curve was extracted from a study in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. The performance of the PTE model was compared with the integrated exposure-response (IER) model using the data of YRD region, which revealed that the estimated relative risks of the PTE model were noticeably higher than the IER model during the winter season. Furthermore, the predictive ability of the PTE model was validated using actual data of Ningbo city, which showed that the estimated RR using the PTE model with 1-month moving average data showed a good result with the trend of actual COPD mortality, indicated by a lower root mean square error (RMSE = 0.956). By considering the combined effect of ambient air pollutant and ambient temperature, the PTE model is expected to provide more accurate relative risk estimates for the regions with high levels of ambient PM2.5 and seasonal variation of ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yap Chung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China
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17
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Birinci E, Deniz A, Özdemir ET. The relationship between PM 10 and meteorological variables in the mega city Istanbul. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:304. [PMID: 36648588 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PM10, one of the air pollutants, occurs regularly in İstanbul during the winter months, namely in December, January, and February. PM10 pollutant is affected by numerous factors. Among these factors are various meteorological variables and climatological factors. This article aims to determine the relationship between PM10 and meteorological variables (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and relative humidity) and to interpret these results. PM10 and meteorological data were examined between 2011 and 2018. To determine the relationship, multiple linear regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), Spearman's rank correlation, Kendall Tau correlation, autocorrelation function (ACF), cross-correlation function (CCF), and visuals were determined using the R program (open-air) packages. In the study, the relationship between wind, temperature, and relative humidity with PM10 was determined, and it was observed that the PM10 concentration was maximum between January and February. PM10 concentrations have a positive relationship with relative humidity and wind direction, while a negative relationship with wind speed and temperature was observed. The correlation values for relative humidity and temperature were found to be 0.01 and - 0.15, respectively. Furthermore, the relationship between wind speed and PM10 was calculated from multiple linear regression model, and the estimated value was - 0.12 while looking at the wind direction value, it was approximately 0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Birinci
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Deniz
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Tuncay Özdemir
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Shi S, Wang W, Li X, Hang Y, Lei J, Kan H, Meng X. Optimizing modeling windows to better capture the long-term variation of PM 2.5 concentrations in China during 2005-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158624. [PMID: 36089041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Including data of different time intervals during model development influences the predicting accuracy of PM2.5 but has not been widely discussed. Therefore, we included modeling data with multiple time windows to identify optimized modeling time windows for capturing the long-term variation of PM2.5 in China during 2005-2019. In general, we incorporated PM2.5 measurements, aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological parameters, land use data, and other predictors to train random forest models. The study period was separated into two phases (2013-2019 and 2005-2012) according to the availability of PM2.5 measurements. First, we trained models with two strategies of choosing time windows to compare model performance in predicting PM2.5 from 2013 to 2019, when measurements were available. Strategy 1a (ST1a) refers to training one model with all available data, and Strategy 1b (ST1b) refers to training multiple models each with one-year data. Second, we trained models with additional ten strategies (ST2a-ST2j) based on data from different time windows during 2013-2019 to compare the accuracy in predicting PM2.5 before 2013, when measurements were unavailable. The internal and external cross-validation (CV) indicated that the model performance of ST1b was better than ST1a. Predictions based on ST1a tended to underestimate PM2.5 levels in 2013 and 2014 when PM2.5 concentrations were high, and overestimate after 2017 when PM2.5 dropped dramatically. The external CV of predicting historical PM2.5 was the most robust in ST2i (averaged predictions from two models developed by 2013 and 2014 data, respectively). Models with data closer to historical years and PM2.5 levels performed better in predicting historical PM2.5 concentrations. Our results suggested that training models with data of current-years performed better during 2013-2019, and with data of 2013 and 2014 performed better in predicting historical PM2.5 before 2013 in China. The comparison provided evidence for choosing optimized time windows when predicting long-term PM2.5 concentrations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Hang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jian Lei
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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19
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Tella A, Balogun AL. GIS-based air quality modelling: spatial prediction of PM10 for Selangor State, Malaysia using machine learning algorithms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:86109-86125. [PMID: 34533750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization has caused severe deterioration of air quality globally, leading to increased hospitalization and premature deaths. Therefore, accurate prediction of air quality is crucial for mitigation planning to support urban sustainability and resilience. Although some studies have predicted air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) using machine learning algorithms (MLAs), there is a paucity of studies on spatial hazard assessment with respect to the air quality index (AQI). Incorporating PM in AQI studies is crucial because of its easily inhalable micro-size which has adverse impacts on ecology, environment, and human health. Accurate and timely prediction of the air quality index can ensure adequate intervention to aid air quality management. Therefore, this study undertakes a spatial hazard assessment of the air quality index using particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or lesser (PM10) in Selangor, Malaysia, by developing four machine learning models: eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), and Naive Bayes (NB). Spatially processed data such as NDVI, SAVI, BU, LST, Ws, slope, elevation, and road density was used for the modelling. The model was trained with 70% of the dataset, while 30% was used for cross-validation. Results showed that XGBoost has the highest overall accuracy and precision of 0.989 and 0.995, followed by random forest (0.989, 0.993), K-nearest neighbour (0.987, 0.984), and Naive Bayes (0.917, 0.922), respectively. The spatial air quality maps were generated by integrating the geographical information system (GIS) with the four MLAs, which correlated with Malaysia's air pollution index. The maps indicate that air quality in Selangor is satisfactory and posed no threats to health. Nevertheless, the two algorithms with the best performance (XGBoost and RF) indicate that a high percentage of the air quality is moderate. The study concludes that successful air pollution management policies such as green infrastructure practice, improvement of energy efficiency, and restrictions on heavy-duty vehicles can be adopted in Selangor and other Southeast Asian cities to prevent deterioration of air quality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwaheed Tella
- Geospatial Analysis and Modelling (GAM) Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul-Lateef Balogun
- Geospatial Analysis and Modelling (GAM) Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
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20
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Chung CY, Yang J, Yang X, He J. Mathematical modeling in the health risk assessment of air pollution-related disease burden in China: A review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1060153. [PMID: 36504933 PMCID: PMC9727382 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1060153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper covers an overview of air pollution-related disease burden in China and a literature review on the previous studies which have recently adopted a mathematical modeling approach to demonstrate the relative risk (RR) of air pollution-related disease burden. The associations between air pollution and disease burden have been explored in the previous studies. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the impact of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution by using a suitable mathematical model. The most common way of estimating the health risk attributable to air pollution exposure in a population is by employing a concentration-response function, which is often based on the estimation of a RR model. As most of the regions in China are experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization, the resulting high ambient air pollution is influencing more residents, which also increases the disease burden in the population. The existing RR models, including the integrated exposure-response (IER) model and the global exposure mortality model (GEMM), are critically reviewed to provide an understanding of the current status of mathematical modeling in the air pollution-related health risk assessment. The performances of different RR models in the mortality estimation of disease are also studied and compared in this paper. Furthermore, the limitations of the existing RR models are pointed out and discussed. Consequently, there is a need to develop a more suitable RR model to accurately estimate the disease burden attributable to air pollution in China, which contributes to one of the key steps in the health risk assessment. By using an updated RR model in the health risk assessment, the estimated mortality risk due to the impacts of environment such as air pollution and seasonal temperature variation could provide a more realistic and reliable information regarding the mortality data of the region, which would help the regional and national policymakers for intensifying their efforts on the improvement of air quality and the management of air pollution-related disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yap Chung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China,*Correspondence: Chee Yap Chung
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China,Xiaogang Yang
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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21
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Zhang J, Liu P, Song H, Miao C, Yang J, Zhang L, Dong J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li B. Multi-Scale Effects of Meteorological Conditions and Anthropogenic Emissions on PM2.5 Concentrations over Major Cities of the Yellow River Basin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15060. [PMID: 36429779 PMCID: PMC9690158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism behind PM2.5 pollution is complex, and its performance at multi-scales is still unclear. Based on PM2.5 monitoring data collected from 2015 to 2021, we used the GeoDetector model to assess the multi-scale effects of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions, as well as their interactions with PM2.5 concentrations in major cities in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). Our study confirms that PM2.5 concentrations in the YRB from 2015 to 2021 show an inter-annual and inter-season decreasing trend and that PM2.5 concentrations varied more significantly in winter. The inter-month variation of PM2.5 concentrations shows a sinusoidal pattern from 2015 to 2021, with the highest concentrations in January and December and the lowest from June to August. The PM2.5 concentrations for major cities in the middle and downstream regions of the YRB are higher than in the upper areas, with high spatial distribution in the east and low spatial distribution in the west. Anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions have similar inter-annual effects, while air pressure and temperature are the two main drivers across the whole basin. At the sub-basin scale, meteorological conditions have stronger inter-annual effects on PM2.5 concentrations, of which temperature is the dominant impact factor. Wind speed has a significant effect on PM2.5 concentrations across the four seasons in the downstream region and has the strongest effect in winter. Primary PM2.5 and ammonia are the two main emission factors. Interactions between the factors significantly enhanced the PM2.5 concentrations. The interaction between ammonia and other emissions plays a dominant role at the whole and sub-basin scales in summer, while the interaction between meteorological factors plays a dominant role at the whole-basin scale in winter. Our study not only provides cases and references for the development of PM2.5 pollution prevention and control policies in YRB but can also shed light on similar regions in China as well as in other regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejun Zhang
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Urban Big Data, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongquan Song
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Urban Big Data, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Longlong Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Junwu Dong
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bingchen Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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22
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Yang H, Liu Z, Li G. A new hybrid optimization prediction model for PM2.5 concentration considering other air pollutants and meteorological conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135798. [PMID: 35964719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the development of economy, the problem of air pollution has become increasingly serious. As an important detection index of air pollutants, how to accurately and effectively predict PM2.5 concentration is a significant issue related to human health and development. In this paper, a new hybrid optimization prediction model for PM2.5 concentration based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), variational mode decomposition optimized by COOT optimization algorithm (COOT-VMD), and least square support vector machine (LSSVM) optimized by the JAYA optimization algorithm (JAYA-LSSVM), named CEEMDAN-COOT-VMD-JAYA-LSSVM, is proposed. To avoid artificially setting the limits of the decomposition layer and penalty factor of VMD parameters, an improved VMD by COOT optimization algorithm, named COOT-VMD, is proposed. First, the original sequence of PM2.5 concentration is decomposed by CEEMDAN. Second, the high complexity component with low prediction accuracy after once decomposition is decomposed by COOT-VMD. Third, a prediction model of optimized LSSVM by JAYA optimization algorithm, named JAYA-LSSVM, is proposed. JAYA-LSSVM is used to predict all components considering other air pollutants such as PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 and meteorological conditions such as wind speed, temperature, sunlight, relative humidity and average air pressure. Finally, all predicted values are reconstructed to obtain the final prediction results. PM2.5 concentration from April 1, 2016 to March 29, 2021 in Xi'an and Shenyang is used as the experimental data to verify the proposed model. The results of experiment in Xi'an show that the RMSE, MAE, MAPE and R2 are 2.843, 1.8344, 2.94%, and 0.99525 respectively. The results of experiment in Shenyang show that the RMSE, MAE, MAPE and R2 are 2.2714, 1.673, 3.13%, and 0.99573 respectively. Compared to other single and hybrid models, the proposed model can accurately predict PM2.5 concentration. Diebold Mariano test results display the proposed prediction model is superior to all comparison models at 99% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710121, China.
| | - Zehang Liu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710121, China
| | - Guohui Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710121, China
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23
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Jung MI, Son SW, Kim H, Chen D. Tropical modulation of East Asia air pollution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5580. [PMID: 36151094 PMCID: PMC9508329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding air pollution in East Asia is of great importance given its high population density and serious air pollution problems during winter. Here, we show that the day-to-day variability of East Asia air pollution, during the recent 21-year winters, is remotely influenced by the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), a dominant mode of subseasonal variability in the tropics. In particular, the concentration of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micron (PM10) becomes significantly high when the tropical convections are suppressed over the Indian Ocean (MJO phase 5–6), and becomes significantly low when those convections are enhanced (MJO phase 1–2). The station-averaged PM10 difference between these two MJO phases reaches up to 15% of daily PM10 variability, indicating that MJO is partly responsible for wintertime PM10 variability in East Asia. This finding helps to better understanding the wintertime PM10 variability in East Asia and monitoring high PM10 days. In this study, it is suggested that the daily PM10 level in East Asia is remotely controlled by the convection over the equatorial Indian Ocean and western Pacific. This tropical modulation explains up to 15% of daily PM10 variability in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Il Jung
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Son
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyemi Kim
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deliang Chen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Chen W, Zhang F, Luo S, Lu T, Zheng J, He L. Three-Dimensional Landscape Pattern Characteristics of Land Function Zones and Their Influence on PM 2.5 Based on LUR Model in the Central Urban Area of Nanchang City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11696. [PMID: 36141965 PMCID: PMC9517176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
China's rapid urbanization and industrialization process has triggered serious air pollution. As a main air pollutant, PM2.5 is affected not only by meteorological conditions, but also by land use in urban area. The impacts of urban landscape on PM2.5 become more complicated from a three-dimensional (3D) and land function zone point of view. Taking the urban area of Nanchang city, China, as a case and, on the basis of the identification of urban land function zones, this study firstly constructed a three-dimensional landscape index system to express the characteristics of 3D landscape pattern. Then, the land-use regression (LUR) model was applied to simulate PM2.5 distribution with high precision, and a geographically weighted regression model was established. The results are as follows: (1) the constructed 3D landscape indices could reflect the 3D characteristics of urban landscape, and the overall 3D landscape indices of different urban land function zones were significantly different; (2) the effects of 3D landscape spatial pattern on PM2.5 varied significantly with land function zone type; (3) the effects of 3D characteristics of landscapes on PM2.5 in different land function zones are expressed in different ways and exhibit a significant spatial heterogeneity. This study provides a new idea for reducing air pollution by optimizing the urban landscape pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fuqing Zhang
- East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Saiwei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Landscape and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Taojie Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Landscape and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Landscape and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lei He
- School of Tourism and Urban Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China
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25
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Fu L, Wang Q, Li J, Jin H, Zhen Z, Wei Q. Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and the Key Influencing Factors of PM 2.5 and PM 10 in Heilongjiang, China from 2014 to 2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811627. [PMID: 36141911 PMCID: PMC9517409 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) degrades air quality and negatively impacts human health. The spatial-temporal heterogeneity of PM (PM2.5 and PM10) concentration in Heilongjiang Province during 2014-2018 and the key impacting factors were investigated based on principal component analysis-based ordinary least square regression (PCA-OLS), PCA-based geographically weighted regression (PCA-GWR), PCA-based temporally weighted regression (PCA-TWR), and PCA-based geographically and temporally weighted regression (PCA-GTWR). Results showed that six principal components represented the temperature, wind speed, air pressure, atmospheric pollution, humidity, and vegetation cover factor, respectively, contributing 87% of original variables. All the local models (PCA-GWR, PCA-TWR, and PCA-GTWR) were superior to the global model (PCA-OLS), and PCA-GTWR has the best performance. PM had greater temporal than spatial heterogeneity due to seasonal periodicity. Air pollutants (i.e., SO2, NO2, and CO) and pressure were promoted whereas temperature, wind speed, and vegetation cover inhibited the PM concentration. The downward trend of annual PM concentration is obvious, especially after 2017, and the hot spot gradually changed from southwestern to southeastern cities. This study laid the foundation for precise local government prevention and control by addressing both excessive effect factors (i.e., meteorological factors, air pollutants, vegetation cover) and spatial-temporal heterogeneity of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Fu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qibang Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huiran Jin
- School of Applied Engineering and Technology, Newark College of Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Zhen Zhen
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingbin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Q.W.)
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26
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Speranza A, Caggiano R. Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown measures on coarse and fine atmospheric aerosol particles (PM) in the city of Rome (Italy): compositional data analysis approach. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2022; 15:2035-2050. [PMID: 35999835 PMCID: PMC9387888 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-022-01235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the year 2020, Italy faced a pandemic due to the virus SARS-CoV-2 for short COVID-19. Following this pandemic, a national lockdown period was imposed and throughout the year 2020 various measures were taken by the government to limit the mobility of people and contain the mortality associated with COVID-19. In Italy, pandemic measures led to a reduction in anthropogenic activities and provided an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the possible effects that restrictions on anthropogenic activities may have on the air quality. Two background site (i.e., Cipro and Cinecittà) and a traffic sites (i.e., Corso Francia) were studied in the city of Rome. PM10 and PM2.5 were considered for the years 2019 and 2020. Moreover, the vehicular mobility, the emission classes of the vehicles, and the people mobility were taken into consideration along with meteorological variables. A compositional data analysis was used to evaluate the effect of pandemic measures on the fine- and coarse-size fractions of PM in the three considered sites. The results showed that in the traffic site (i.e., Corso Francia site) in 2020, there was a reduction of fine-size fraction of PM of about 10% when compared to the data of 2019, whereas in the background site (i.e., Cinecittà site) in 2020 there was an increase of fine-size fraction of PM of about 14% when compared to the data of 2019. No variation in the coarse- and fine-size fractions of PM were observed at the background site Cipro. This study showed how, in an urban context, PM can be influenced by strong changes in people's habits and in vehicular mobility such as those recorded during the investigated period and due to pandemic lockdown measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Speranza
- IMAA, Istituto Di Metodologie Per L’Analisi Ambientale, CNR, C.da S. Loja—Zona Industriale, 85050 Tito Scalo, PZ Italy
| | - Rosa Caggiano
- IMAA, Istituto Di Metodologie Per L’Analisi Ambientale, CNR, C.da S. Loja—Zona Industriale, 85050 Tito Scalo, PZ Italy
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27
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Lee JJ, Kim JH, Song DS, Lee K. Effect of Short- to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter on Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: KoGES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9913. [PMID: 36011565 PMCID: PMC9408640 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution and its threat to human health is a global concern, especially in the elderly population. Therefore, more in-depth studies are required to understand the extent of the harmful effects of particulate matter (PM) based on duration and levels of exposure. An investigation was conducted to determine the association between short- (1-14 days), medium- (1, 3, and 6 months), and long-term (1, 2, and 3 years) exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10) and cognitive function among Koreans (4175 participants, mean age 67.8 years, 55.2% women) aged over 50 years. Higher levels of PM2.5 exposure for short to long term and PM10 exposure for medium to long term were found to be associated with decreased cognitive function, as indicated by lower scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination adopted in Korean (K-MMSE). There were significant effect modifications by sex, age group, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and smoking status in the association between long-term PM2.5 and PM10 exposure and cognitive function. These findings, which underscore the importance of the efforts to reduce the exposure levels and durations of air pollutants, especially in the vulnerable elderly population, provide evidence for establishing more stringent policies for air pollution regulations.
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28
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Deng C, Qin C, Li Z, Li K. Spatiotemporal variations of PM 2.5 pollution and its dynamic relationships with meteorological conditions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134640. [PMID: 35439486 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the effects of meteorological conditions on PM2.5 pollution is of great significance to explore methods to reduce atmospheric pollution. This study attempts to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 pollution and its dynamic nexus with meteorological factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from 2015 to 2020 using standard deviation ellipse (SDE) and panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model. The results indicate that: (1) In 2015-2020, PM2.5 pollution decreased significantly, indicating air pollution control policies in China have taken effect; Also, it showed a cumulative effect, or there was the path dependence of air pollution. (2) PM2.5 pollution presented a distribution pattern from northeast to southwest, while the directionality of air pollution has weakened. Based on SDE, PM2.5 pollution in Cangzhou can reflect the average level in the BTH; (3) Meteorological conditions exhibited a lagged and sustained effect on PM2.5 pollution. Specifically, the effects of meteorological factors on PM2.5 presented disequilibrium over time. In the long run, precipitation and temperature mainly showed negative impacts on PM2.5 pollution, while wind speed, relative humidity and sunshine duration aggravated PM2.5 pollution in the BTH. This study contributes to extending the study on the spatiotemporal evolution of PM2.5 pollution and its links with meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxiong Deng
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan institute for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Qin
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan institute for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China.
| | - Zhongwu Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan institute for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China.
| | - Ke Li
- School of Mathematics & Statistics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, PR China; Hunan institute for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China.
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29
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Li X, Zhang F, Ren J, Han W, Zheng B, Liu J, Chen L, Jiang S. Rapid narrowing of the urban-suburban gap in air pollutant concentrations in Beijing from 2014 to 2019. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119146. [PMID: 35331800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial patterns of atmospheric pollutants in urban and suburban areas is important for evaluating their effects on regional air quality, climate, and human health. The analyses of pollutant monitoring data of the China National Environmental Monitoring Center revealed that the differences in the concentrations of ambient O3, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO between urban and suburban areas rapidly decreased from 2014 to 2019 in Beijing. Considering the negligible urbanization and interannual meteorological changes during the study period, the results reveal a quick response of the urban-to-suburban difference (ΔUrban-Suburban) in the ambient pollutants concentrations to emission reduction measures implemented in China in 2013. However, owing to the efficient O3 formation in summer in urban areas in recent years, we observed a more rapid decrease in the ΔUrban-Suburban in O3 concentration in summer (64.8%) than in winter (16.1%). In addition, the ΔUrban-Suburban in daytime summer O3 changed from negative in 2014-2018 to positive in 2019, indicating that the daytime O3 concentration in urban areas exceeded that in suburban areas. Furthermore, instantaneous changes in ΔUrban-Suburban in air pollutants were more sensitive to meteorological variations in 2014 than in 2019. The results indicate a less significant role of regional air mass transport in the spatial variability of pollutants under a future scenario of strong emission reduction in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jingye Ren
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenchao Han
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jieyao Liu
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sihui Jiang
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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30
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Assessment of air quality changes during COVID-19 partial lockdown in a Brazilian metropolis: from lockdown to economic opening of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE & HEALTH 2022; 15:1205-1220. [PMID: 34840623 PMCID: PMC8609175 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-021-01127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Yin X, Franklin M, Fallah-Shorshani M, Shafer M, McConnell R, Fruin S. Exposure models for particulate matter elemental concentrations in Southern California. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107247. [PMID: 35716554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to a scarcity of routine monitoring of speciated particulate matter (PM), there has been limited capability to develop exposure models that robustly estimate component-specific concentrations. This paper presents the largest such study conducted in a single urban area. Using samples that were collected at 220 locations over two seasons, quasi-ultrafine (PM0.2), accumulation mode fine (PM0.2-2.5), and coarse (PM2.5-10) particulate matter concentrations were used to develop spatiotemporal regression, machine learning models that enabled predictions of 24 elemental components in eight Southern California communities. We used supervised variable selection of over 150 variables, largely from publicly available sources, including meteorological, roadway and traffic characteristics, land use, and dispersion model estimates of traffic emissions. PM components that have high oxidative potential (and potentially large health effects) or are otherwise important markers for major PM sources were the primary focus. We present results for copper, iron, and zinc (as non-tailpipe vehicle emissions); elemental carbon (diesel emissions); vanadium (ship emissions); calcium (soil dust); and sodium (sea salt). Spatiotemporal linear regression models with 17 to 36 predictor variables including meteorology; distance to different classifications of roads; intersections and off ramps within a given buffer distance; truck and vehicle traffic volumes; and near-roadway dispersion model estimates produced superior predictions over the machine learning approaches (cross validation R-squares ranged from 0.76 to 0.92). Our models are easily interpretable and appear to have more effectively captured spatial gradients in the metallic portion of PM than other comparably large studies, particularly near roadways for the non-tailpipe emissions. Furthermore, we demonstrated the importance of including spatiotemporally resolved meteorology in our models as it helped to provide key insights into spatial patterns and allowed us to make temporal predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Yin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Meredith Franklin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Department of Statistical Sciences and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Masoud Fallah-Shorshani
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Martin Shafer
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53707, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Scott Fruin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
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Liu T, Jiang Y, Hu J, Li Z, Guo Y, Li X, Xiao J, Yuan L, He G, Zeng W, Kan H, Rong Z, Chen G, Yang J, Wang Y, Ma W. Association of ambient PM 1 with hospital admission and recurrence of stroke in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154131. [PMID: 35219663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a well-known risk factor of stroke. However, little is known about the association between PM1 (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm) and stroke. We estimated the associations of short-term exposure to PM1 with hospital admission and recurrence of stoke in China. METHODS Stroke data were derived from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance (CASA) program conducted in 1458 hospitals in 292 Chinese cities from 2015 to 2019. Daily air pollution and meteorological data were collected in the cities where studied hospitals were located. Daily PM1 concentration was estimated by a generalized additive model (GAM) using PM2.5 and meteorological variables. A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to estimate the associations of short-term exposure to PM1 with hospital admission of stroke. A GAM model was used to estimate the association between average PM1 exposure during hospitalization and the recurrence of stroke. RESULTS A total of 989,591 stroke cases were included in the study. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1 (lag06-day) was associated with a 0.53% (95%CI, 0.39%, 0.67%) increment in hospital admission for stroke. The adverse effects of PM1 on ischemic stroke was stronger than on intracerebral hemorrhage. We found the associations were significant in Northeast (0.94%, 95%CI, 0.51%, 1.38%), North (0.47%, 95%CI, 0.20%, 0.75%), Central (0.57%, 95%CI, 0.30%, 0.85%), and East China (0.63%, 95%CI, 0.27%, 0.99%). Of all stroke cases, 62,988 (6.4%) had recurrent stoke attack during their hospitalization. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1 was associated with a 1.64% (95%CI, 1.28%, 2.01%) increment in recurrence of stroke during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to PM1 may increase the risk of incidence and recurrence of stroke in China, and the effects varied across different types of stroke and regions. Geographically targeted strategies and measures are needed to control air pollution for reducing the burden of stroke from PM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China; Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Lixia Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuhua Rong
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, China.
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China; Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Maleki H, Sorooshian A, Alam K, Fathi A, Weckwerth T, Moazed H, Jamshidi A, Babaei AA, Hamid V, Soltani F, Goudarzi G. The impact of meteorological parameters on PM 10 and visibility during the Middle Eastern dust storms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:495-507. [PMID: 35669815 PMCID: PMC9163216 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most pressing issues in populated Middle Eastern cities, in particular for the city of Ahvaz, Iran, imposing deleterious effects on the environment, public health, economy, culture, and other sectors. In this study, we investigate the relationship between meteorological parameters, PM10, AOD, air mass source origin, and visibility during severe desert dust storms (Average3h PM10 > 3200 µg m-3) between 2009 and 2012. Six of seven such events occurred between February and March. Interestingly, for the seven cases there was always an alarming PM10 mass concentration peak (137-553 µg m-3) between 12:00-18:00 (local time) that was 18-24 h before the dominant peak of the storm (3279-4899 µg m-3). The maximum wind speed over the multi-day periods examined for the dust storms is usually observed 6 h before the alarming PM10 peak. The minimum relative humidity, dew point temperature and air pressure occurred ± 3 h around the time of the alarming PM10 peak. Wind speed was the meteorological parameter that was consistently higher around the time of the first peak as compared to the second peak, with the reverse being true for sea level pressure. Based on four years of daily data in Ahvaz, PM10 was positively correlated with wind speed and air temperature and inversely correlated with sea level pressure and RH. An empirically-derived equation with R2 = 0.95 is reported to estimate the maximum PM10 concentration for severe desert dust events in the study region based on meteorological parameters. Finally, AOD is shown to correlate strongly (R2 = 0.86) with PM10 during periods with severe desert dust storms in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Maleki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Khan Alam
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Fathi
- Department of Hydraulic Structure, Faculty of Science Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tammy Weckwerth
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Hadi Moazed
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Science Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arsalan Jamshidi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vafa Hamid
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soltani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zhou X, Li Z, Zhang T, Wang F, Tao Y, Zhang X. Multisize particulate matter and volatile organic compounds in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118875. [PMID: 35074457 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the chemical components, sources, and interactions of particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a field campaign was implemented during the spring of 2018 in nine cities in northwestern (NW) China. PM was mainly contributed by organic matter and water-soluble inorganic ions (41% for PM10 and approximately 60% for PM2.5 and PM1). Two typical haze patterns were observed: anthropogenic pollution type (AP-type), wherein contributions of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) increased, and dust pollution type (DP-type), wherein contributions of Ca2+ increased and SNA decreased. Source appointment suggested that regional sources contributed close to half to PM2.5 pollution (40% for AP-type and 50% for DP-type). Thus, sources from regional transport are also important for haze and dust pollution. The ranking of VOC concentrations was methanol > acetaldehyde > formic acid + ethanol > acetone. Compared with other cities, there are higher oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and lower aromatics in NW China. The relationships between VOCs and PM were discussed. The dominating secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation potential precursors were C10-aromatics, xylene, and styrene under low-nitrogen oxide (NOx) conditions, and benzene, C10-aromatics, and toluene dominated under high-NOx conditions. The quadratic polynomial was the most suitable fitting model for their correlation, and the results suggested that VOC oxidations explained 6.1-10.8% and 9.9-20.7% of SOA formation under high-NOx and low-NOx conditions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources; Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhongqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources; Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832000, China; College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Tingjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feiteng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources; Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources; Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Agarwal G, Tu W, Sun Y, Kong L. Flexible quantile contour estimation for multivariate functional data: Beyond convexity. Comput Stat Data Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2021.107400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Analysis of PM2.5 and Meteorological Variables Using Enhanced Geospatial Techniques in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Cartagena de Indias City (Colombia). ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dispersion of air pollutants and the spatial representation of meteorological variables are subject to complex atmospheric local parameters. To reduce the impact of particulate matter (PM2.5) on human health, it is of great significance to know its concentration at high spatial resolution. In order to monitor its effects on an exposed population, geostatistical analysis offers great potential to obtain high-quality spatial representation mapping of PM2.5 and meteorological variables. The purpose of this study was to define the optimal spatial representation of PM2.5, relative humidity, temperature and wind speed in the urban district in Cartagena, Colombia. The lack of data due to the scarcity of stations called for an ad hoc methodology, which included the interpolation implementing an ordinary kriging (OK) model, which was fed by data obtained through the inverse distance weighting (IDW) model. To consider wind effects, empirical Bayesian kriging regression prediction (EBK) was implemented. The application of these interpolation methods clarified the areas across the city that exceed the recommended limits of PM2.5 concentrations (Zona Franca, Base Naval and Centro district), and described in a continuous way, on the surface, three main weather variables. Positive correlations were obtained for relative humidity (R2 of 0.47), wind speed (R2 of 0.59) and temperature (R2 of 0.64).
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Random Forests Assessment of the Role of Atmospheric Circulation in PM10 in an Urban Area with Complex Topography. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the assessment of the quantitative influence of atmospheric circulation on the pollutant concentration in the area of Kraków, Southern Poland, for the period 2000–2020. The research has been realized with the application of different statistical parameters, synoptic meteorology tools, the Random Forests machine learning method, and multilinear regression analyses. Another aim of the research was to evaluate the types of atmospheric circulation classification methods used in studies on air pollution dispersion and to assess the possibility of their application in air quality management, including short-term PM10 daily forecasts. During the period analyzed, a significant decreasing trend of pollutants’ concentrations and varying atmospheric circulation conditions was observed. To understand the relation between PM10 concentration and meteorological conditions and their significance, the Random Forests algorithm was applied. Observations from meteorological stations, air quality measurements and ERA-5 reanalysis were used. The meteorological database was used as an input to models that were trained to predict daily PM10 concentration and its day-to-day changes. This study made it possible to distinguish the dominant circulation types with the highest probability of occurrence of poor air quality or a significant improvement in air quality conditions. Apart from the parameters whose significant influence on air quality is well established (air temperature and wind speed at the ground and air temperature gradient), the key factor was also the gradient of relative air humidity and wind shear in the lowest troposphere. Partial dependence calculated with the use of the Random Forests model made it possible to better analyze the impact of individual meteorological parameters on the PM10 daily concentration. The analysis has shown that, for areas with a diversified topography, it is crucial to use the variability of the atmospheric circulation during the day to better forecast air quality.
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Study on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Particulate Matter Pollution in Coal Production Cities in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063228. [PMID: 35328922 PMCID: PMC8950844 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the continuous advancement of China's urbanization process, regional atmospheric environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. We selected 12 cities as study areas to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter in the region, and analyzed the impact of socioeconomic and natural factors on local particulate matter levels. In terms of time variation, the particulate matter in the study area showed an annual change trend of first rising and then falling, a monthly change trend of "U" shape, and an hourly change trend of double-peak and double-valley distribution. Spatially, the concentration of particulate matter in the central and southern cities of the study area is higher, while the pollution in the western region is lighter. In terms of social economy, PM2.5 showed an "inverted U-shaped" quadratic polynomial relationship with Second Industry and Population Density, while it showed a U-shaped relationship with Generating Capacity and Coal Output. The results of correlation analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly positively correlated with NO2, SO2, CO and air pressure, and significantly negatively correlated with O3 and air temperature. Wind speed was significantly negatively correlated with PM2.5, and significantly positively correlated with PM10. In terms of pollution transmission, the southwest area of Taiyuan City is a high potential pollution source area of fine particles, and the long-distance transport of PM2.5 in Xinjiang from the northwest also has a certain contribution to the pollution of fine particles. This study is helpful for us to understand the characteristics and influencing factors of particulate matter pollution in coal production cities.
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Yavuz V, Özen C, Çapraz Ö, Özdemir ET, Deniz A, Akbayır İ, Temur H. Analysing of atmospheric conditions and their effects on air quality in Istanbul using SODAR and CEILOMETER. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16213-16232. [PMID: 34647206 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, first, air pollution that is caused by the air pollutants' concentration exceeding the limit value in Istanbul between 2017 and 2020 were analysed. In addition to this analysis, the effects of meteorological parameters on pollution were also examined within the same period of time. Second, for a 14-day period during which the concentration values of the air pollutants were calculated higher than the standards, therefore, were selected as an episode. In that respect, measurements of both pollutant and meteorological parameters were obtained from air quality monitoring stations. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to examine the changes of meteorological parameters in the surface and upper atmospheric levels. The cross-correlation function (CCF) was performed together with both air quality monitoring station and the WRF model output data to examine the effects of temporal changes in meteorological parameters on air pollutant concentrations on a temporal scale. In addition, some meteorological parameters were obtained from remote sensing systems (SODAR and Ceilometer). Finally, with the help of the trajectory analysis model, it was determined whether the pollutant parameters were transported or not. Consequently, within a 3-year period, the most critical parameters in terms of pollution throughout the city were assessed as NO2 and PM10. Moreover, low wind speeds and high pressure values during the episode prevented the dispersion of pollutants and caused air pollution in Istanbul.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli Yavuz
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cem Özen
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özkan Çapraz
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Tuncay Özdemir
- Turkish State Meteorological Service, Ataturk Airport Meteorology Office, 34149, Yesilkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Deniz
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Akbayır
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Temur
- Department of Meteorological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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In-Depth Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) and Its Characterization through FTIR, XRD and SEM–EDX Techniques in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Northern Pakistan. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates the variation and physicochemical properties of ambient particulate matter (PM) in the very important location which lies in the foothills of the Hindu Kush ranges in northern Pakistan. This work investigates the mass concentration, mineral content, elemental composition and morphology of PM in three size fractions, i.e., PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, during the year of 2019. The collected samples were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. During the study period, the average temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed were found to be 17.9 °C, 65.83%, 73.75 mm and 0.23 m/s, respectively. The results showed that the 24 h average mass concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were 64 µgm−3, 43.9 µgm−3 and 22.4 µgm−3, respectively. The 24 h concentration of both PM10 and PM2.5 were 1.42 and 2.92 times greater, respectively, than the WHO limits. This study confirms the presence of minerals such as wollastonite, ammonium sulphate, wustite, illite, kaolinite, augite, crocidolite, calcite, calcium aluminosilicate, hematite, copper sulphate, dolomite, quartz, vaterite, calcium iron oxide, muscovite, gypsum and vermiculite. On the basis of FESEM-EDX analysis, 14 elements (O, C, Al, Si, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Fe, N, Mo, B, S and Cl) and six groups of PM (carbonaceous (45%), sulfate (13%), bioaerosols (8%), aluminosilicates (19%), quartz (10%) and nitrate (3%)) were identified.
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Zhang X, Cheng C. Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity of PM 2.5 Related to Meteorological and Socioeconomic Factors across China during 2000-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020707. [PMID: 35055529 PMCID: PMC8776067 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, air pollution caused by PM2.5 in China has become increasingly severe. This study applied a Bayesian space-time hierarchy model to reveal the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the PM2.5 concentrations in China. In addition, the relationship between meteorological and socioeconomic factors and their interaction with PM2.5 during 2000-2018 was investigated based on the GeoDetector model. Results suggested that the concentration of PM2.5 across China first increased and then decreased between 2000 and 2018. Geographically, the North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta were high PM2.5 pollution areas, while Northeast and Southwest China are regarded as low-risk areas for PM2.5 pollution. Meanwhile, in Northern and Southern China, the population density was the most important socioeconomic factor affecting PM2.5 with q values of 0.62 and 0.66, respectively; the main meteorological factors affecting PM2.5 were air temperature and vapor pressure, with q values of 0.64 and 0.68, respectively. These results are conducive to our in-depth understanding of the status of PM2.5 pollution in China and provide an important reference for the future direction of PM2.5 pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changxiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence:
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Comparison of PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea Estimated from the Various Ground-Based and Satellite AOD. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on multiple linear regression (MLR) models, we estimated the PM2.5 at Seoul using a number of aerosol optical depth (AOD) values obtained from ground-based and satellite remote sensing observations. To construct the MLR model, we consider various parameters related to the ambient meteorology and air quality. In general, all AOD values resulted in the high quality of PM2.5 estimation through the MLR method: mostly correlation coefficients >~0.8. Among various polar-orbit satellite AODs, AOD values from the MODIS measurement contribute to better PM2.5 estimation. We also found that the quality of estimated PM2.5 shows some seasonal variation; the estimated PM2.5 values consistently have the highest correlation with in situ PM2.5 in autumn, but are not well established in winter, probably due to the difficulty of AOD retrieval in the winter condition. MLR modeling using spectral AOD values from the ground-based measurements revealed that the accuracy of PM2.5 estimation does not depend on the selected wavelength. Although all AOD values used in this study resulted in a reasonable accuracy range of PM2.5 estimation, our analyses of the difference in estimated PM2.5 reveal the importance of utilizing the proper AOD for the best quality of PM2.5 estimation.
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Mehmood K, Bao Y, Abbas R, Petropoulos GP, Ahmad HR, Abrar MM, Mustafa A, Abdalla A, Lasaridi K, Fahad S. Pollution characteristics and human health risk assessments of toxic metals and particle pollutants via soil and air using geoinformation in urbanized city of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58206-58220. [PMID: 34110590 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metals and particle pollutants in urbanized cities have significantly increased over the past few decades mainly due to rapid urbanization and unplanned infrastructure. This research aimed at estimating the concentration of toxic metals and particle pollutants and the associated risks to public health across different land-use settings including commercial area (CA), urban area (UA), residential area (RA), and industrial area (IA). A total of 47 samples for both soil and air were collected from different land-use settings of Faisalabad city in Pakistan. Mean concentrations of toxic metals such as Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, and Cd in all land-use settings were 92.68, 4.06, 1.34, 0.16, 0.07, 0.03, and 0.02 mg kg-1, respectively. Mean values of PM10, PM2.5, and Mn in all land-use settings were found 5.14, 1.34, and 1.9 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Mn was found as the most hazardous metal in terms of pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) in the studied area. Health risk analysis for particle pollutants using air quality index (AQI) and geoinformation was found in the range between good to very critical for all the land-use settings. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were higher for children in comparison to adults, suggesting that children may be susceptible to potentially higher health risks. However, the cancer risk (CR) value for Pb ingestion (1.21 × 10-6) in children was lower than the permissible limit (1 × 10-4 to 1 × 10-6). Nonetheless, for Cr inhalation, CR value (1.09 × 10-8) was close to tolerable limits. Our findings can be of valuable assistance toward advancing our understanding of soil and air pollutions concerning public health in different land-use settings of the urbanized cities of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME) / Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC) / Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD) / CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yansong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME) / Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC) / Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD) / CMA Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Roman Abbas
- Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - George P Petropoulos
- Department of Geography, Harokopio University of Athens, El. Venizelou 70, Kallithea, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Abrar
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Alwaseela Abdalla
- Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box 126, 11111, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Katia Lasaridi
- Department of Geography, Harokopio University of Athens, El. Venizelou 70, Kallithea, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Exploring the Joint Impacts of Natural and Built Environments on PM2.5 Concentrations and Their Spatial Heterogeneity in the Context of High-Density Chinese Cities. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution in China has attracted wide interest from the public and academic communities. PM2.5 is the primary air pollutant across China. PM2.5 mainly comes from human activities, and the natural environment and urban built environment affect its distribution and diffusion. In contrast to American and European cities, Chinese cities are much denser, and studies on the relationships between urban form and air quality in high-density Chinese cities are still limited. In this paper, we used the ordinary least square (OLS) and geographical weighted regression (GWR) models, selected an already high-density city, Shenzhen, as the study area, and explored the effects of the natural and built environments on air pollution. The results showed that temperature always had a positive influence on PM2.5 and wind speed had a varied impact on PM2.5 within the city. Based on the natural factors analysis, the paper found that an increase in the floor area ratio (FAR) and road density may have caused the increase in the PM2.5 concentration in the central city. In terms of land use mix, land use policies should be adopted separately in the central city and suburban areas. Finally, in terms of spatial heterogeneity, the GWR models achieved much better performances than the global multivariate regression models, with lower AICc and RMSE values and higher adjusted R2 values, ultimately explaining 60% of the variance across different city areas. The results indicated that policies and interventions should be more targeted to improve the air environment and reduce personal exposure according to the spatial geographical context.
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Chung CY, Yang J, He J, Yang X, Hubbard R, Ji D. An investigation into the impact of variations of ambient air pollution and meteorological factors on lung cancer mortality in Yangtze River Delta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146427. [PMID: 33752019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) mortality, as one of the top cancer deaths in China, has been associated with increased levels of exposure to ambient air pollutants. In this study, different lag times on weekly basis were applied to study the association of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, and NO2) and LC mortality in Ningbo, and in subpopulations at different age groups and genders. Furthermore, seasonal variations of pollutant concentrations and meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) were analysed. A generalised additive model (GAM) using Poisson regression was employed to estimate the effect of single pollutant model on LC mortality in Yangtze River Delta using Ningbo as a case study. It was reported that there were statistically significant relationships between lung cancer mortality and air pollutants. Increases of 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2% to 12.6%) and 4.3% (95% CI: 0.1% to 8.5%) weekly total LC mortality with a 3-week lag time were linked to each 10 μg/m3 increase of weekly average PM2.5 and PM10 respectively. The association of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and NO2) and LC mortality with a 3-week lag time was also found statistically significant during periods of low temperature (T < 18 °C), low relative humidity (H < 73.7%) and low wind speed (u < 2.8 m/s), respectively. The female population was found to be more susceptible to the exposure to air pollution than the male population. In addition, the population with an age of 50 years or above was shown to be more sensitive to ambient air pollutant. These outcomes indicated that increased risk of lung cancer mortality was evidently linked to exposure to ambient air pollutant on a weekly basis. The impact of weekly variation on the LC mortality and air pollutant levels should be considered in air pollution-related health burden analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yap Chung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China
| | - Richard Hubbard
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State key laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
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Aryal A, Harmon AC, Dugas TR. Particulate matter air pollutants and cardiovascular disease: Strategies for intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107890. [PMID: 33992684 PMCID: PMC8216045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is consistently linked with elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-related mortality. Particulate matter (PM) is a critical factor in air pollution-associated CVD. PM forms in the air during the combustion of fuels as solid particles and liquid droplets and the sources of airborne PM range from dust and dirt to soot and smoke. The health impacts of PM inhalation are well documented. In the US, where CVD is already the leading cause of death, it is estimated that PM2.5 (PM < 2.5 μm in size) is responsible for nearly 200,000 premature deaths annually. Despite the public health data, definitive mechanisms underlying PM-associated CVD are elusive. However, evidence to-date implicates mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction and dyslipidemia, contributing to vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis, along with autonomic dysfunction and hypertension. For the benefit of susceptible individuals and individuals who live in areas where PM levels exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard, interventional strategies for mitigating PM-associated CVD are necessary. This review will highlight current state of knowledge with respect to mechanisms for PM-dependent CVD. Based upon these mechanisms, strategies for intervention will be outlined. Citing data from animal models and human subjects, these highlighted strategies include: 1) antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C, carnosine, sulforaphane and resveratrol, to reduce oxidative stress and systemic inflammation; 2) omega-3 fatty acids, to inhibit inflammation and autonomic dysfunction; 3) statins, to decrease cholesterol accumulation and inflammation; 4) melatonin, to regulate the immune-pineal axis and 5) metformin, to address PM-associated metabolic dysfunction. Each of these will be discussed with respect to its potential role in limiting PM-associated CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Aryal
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Tammy R Dugas
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America.
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Li X, Hussain SA, Sobri S, Md Said MS. Overviewing the air quality models on air pollution in Sichuan Basin, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129502. [PMID: 33465622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most developing countries in the world face the common challenges of reducing air pollution and advancing the process of sustainable development, especially in China. Air pollution research is a complex system and one of the main methods is through numerical simulation. The air quality model is an important technical method, it allows researchers to better analyze air pollutants in different regions. In addition, the SCB is a high-humidity and foggy area, and the concentration of atmospheric pollutants is always high. However, research on this region, one of the four most polluted regions in China, is still lacking. Reviewing the application of air quality models in the SCB air pollution has not been reported thoroughly. To fill these gaps, this review provides a comprehensive narration about i) The status of air pollution in SCB; ii) The application of air quality models in SCB; iii) The problems and application prospects of air quality models in the research of air pollution. This paper may provide a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of air pollution in the SCB and other heavily polluted areas in China and give some1inspirations for air pollution forecast in other countries with complex terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hu Y, Wang S. Associations between winter atmospheric teleconnections in drought and haze pollution over Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142599. [PMID: 33109364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the early 21st century, Southwest China (SWC) frequently experienced extreme droughts and severe haze pollution events. Although the meteorological causes of these extreme droughts have been widely investigated, previous studies have yet to understand the causes of haze pollution events over SWC. Moreover, the associations between winter atmospheric teleconnections during drought and haze pollution event across SWC has received negligible attention and therefore warrants investigation. This study examines the associations between the atmospheric teleconnections with respect to winter droughts and winter haze pollution over SWC. Our main conclusions are as follows. (1) Winter precipitation and winter haze days (WHD) over SWC had three major fluctuations from 1959 to 2016. (2) The atmospheric circulation pattern over the Eurasian (EU) continent associated with WHD over SWC resembled that of winter droughts over SWC, where both can be characterized by an EU teleconnection pattern. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) mainly induced the atmospheric circulation pattern over the EU continent that is associated with WHD over SWC. (3) The sea surface temperature (SST) and low circulation anomalies in the Pacific and north Atlantic associated with WHD were similar to those associated with winter droughts over SWC. La Niña events and negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may induce winter drought and increase the WHD over SWC. (4) Compared with winter drought over SWC, the variation in the WHD was more complex and the factors affecting WHD were more diverse, and winter drought and its related atmospheric circulations were important factors that induced haze pollution over SWC. Overall, this study not only fills a gap in the literature with respect to the associations between the atmospheric teleconnections of winter drought and winter haze pollution over SWC, but also provides an important scientific basis for the development of potential predictions of local monthly haze pollution, which improves the forecast accuracy of local short-term haze pollution and enriches the theoretical understanding of the meteorological causes of local haze pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shigong Wang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster in Gansu Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Zhang H, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Xing W, Hayakawa K, Toriba A, Tang N. Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Long-Range Transport of Common Air Pollutants in KUWAMS. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:237-245. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Lu Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Wanli Xing
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University
| | - Akira Toriba
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
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Wang B, Yuan Q, Yang Q, Zhu L, Li T, Zhang L. Estimate hourly PM 2.5 concentrations from Himawari-8 TOA reflectance directly using geo-intelligent long short-term memory network. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116327. [PMID: 33360654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has attracted extensive attention because of its baneful influence on human health and the environment. However, the sparse distribution of PM2.5 measuring stations limits its application to public utility and scientific research, which can be remedied by satellite observations. Therefore, we developed a Geo-intelligent long short-term network (Geoi-LSTM) to estimate hourly ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in 2017 in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration (WUA). We conducted contrast experiments to verify the effectiveness of our model and explored the optimal modeling strategy. It turned out that Geoi-LSTM with TOA reflectance, meteorological conditions, and NDVI as inputs performs best. The station-based cross-validation R2, root mean squared error and mean absolute error are 0.82, 15.44 μg/m3, 10.63 μg/m3, respectively. Based on model results, we revealed spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 in WUA. Generally speaking, during the day, PM2.5 concentration remained stable at a relatively high level in the morning and decreased continuously in the afternoon. While during the year, PM2.5 concentrations were highest in winter, lowest in summer, and in-between in spring and autumn. Combined with meteorological conditions, we further analyzed the whole process of a PM2.5 pollution event. Finally, we discussed the loss in removing clouds-covered pixels and compared our model with several popular models. Overall, our results can reflect hourly PM2.5 concentrations seamlessly and accurately with a spatial resolution of 5 km, which benefits PM2.5 exposure evaluations and policy regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiangqiang Yuan
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qianqian Yang
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liye Zhu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongwen Li
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangpei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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