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Zawadzki JA, Girard TA, Samsom J, Foussias G, Siddiqui I, Lerch JP, Grady C, Wong AHC. Excessive left anterior hippocampal and caudate activation in schizophrenia underlie cognitive underperformance in a virtual navigation task. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 341:111826. [PMID: 38735228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
We used a virtual navigation paradigm in a city environment to assess neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). We studied a total of N = 36 subjects: 18 with SSD and 18 matched unaffected controls. Participants completed 10 rapid, single-trial navigation tasks within the virtual city while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All trials tested ability to find different targets seen earlier, during the passive viewing of a path around different city blocks. SSD patients had difficulty finding previously-encountered targets, were less likely to find novel shortcuts to targets, and more likely to attempt retracing of the path observed during passive viewing. Based on a priori region-of-interest analyses, SSD participants had hyperactivation of the left hippocampus when passively viewing turns, hyperactivation of the left caudate when finding targets, and hypoactivation of a focal area of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex when targets were initially shown during passive viewing. We propose that these brain-behaviour relations may bias or reinforce stimulus-response navigation approaches in SSD and underlie impaired performance when allocentric spatial memory is required, such as when forming efficient shortcuts. This pattern may extend to more general cognitive impairments in SSD that could be used to design remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Zawadzki
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Todd A Girard
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Samsom
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ishraq Siddiqui
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl Grady
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Kennedy E, Liebel SW, Lindsey HM, Vadlamani S, Lei PW, Adamson MM, Alda M, Alonso-Lana S, Anderson TJ, Arango C, Asarnow RF, Avram M, Ayesa-Arriola R, Babikian T, Banaj N, Bird LJ, Borgwardt S, Brodtmann A, Brosch K, Caeyenberghs K, Calhoun VD, Chiaravalloti ND, Cifu DX, Crespo-Facorro B, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Dams-O’Connor K, Dannlowski U, Darby D, Davenport N, DeLuca J, Diaz-Caneja CM, Disner SG, Dobryakova E, Ehrlich S, Esopenko C, Ferrarelli F, Frank LE, Franz CE, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Genova H, Giza CC, Goltermann J, Grotegerd D, Gruber M, Gutierrez-Zotes A, Ha M, Haavik J, Hinkin C, Hoskinson KR, Hubl D, Irimia A, Jansen A, Kaess M, Kang X, Kenney K, Keřková B, Khlif MS, Kim M, Kindler J, Kircher T, Knížková K, Kolskår KK, Krch D, Kremen WS, Kuhn T, Kumari V, Kwon J, Langella R, Laskowitz S, Lee J, Lengenfelder J, Liou-Johnson V, Lippa SM, Løvstad M, Lundervold AJ, Marotta C, Marquardt CA, Mattos P, Mayeli A, McDonald CR, Meinert S, Melzer TR, Merchán-Naranjo J, Michel C, Morey RA, Mwangi B, Myall DJ, Nenadić I, Newsome MR, Nunes A, O’Brien T, Oertel V, Ollinger J, Olsen A, Ortiz García de la Foz V, Ozmen M, Pardoe H, Parent M, Piras F, Piras F, Pomarol-Clotet E, Repple J, Richard G, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez M, Rootes-Murdy K, Rowland J, Ryan NP, Salvador R, Sanders AM, Schmidt A, Soares JC, Spalleta G, Španiel F, Sponheim SR, Stasenko A, Stein F, Straube B, Thames A, Thomas-Odenthal F, Thomopoulos SI, Tone EB, Torres I, Troyanskaya M, Turner JA, Ulrichsen KM, Umpierrez G, Vecchio D, Vilella E, Vivash L, Walker WC, Werden E, Westlye LT, Wild K, Wroblewski A, Wu MJ, Wylie GR, Yatham LN, Zunta-Soares GB, Thompson PM, Pugh MJ, Tate DF, Hillary FG, Wilde EA, Dennis EL. Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis. Brain Sci 2024; 14:669. [PMID: 39061410 PMCID: PMC11274572 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p < 0.001), while neither depression nor ADHD showed consistent associations with VLM scores (p > 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (E.K.); (S.W.L.); (H.M.L.); (S.V.); (M.R.N.); (M.J.P.); (D.F.T.); (E.A.W.)
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
- George E Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Spencer W. Liebel
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (E.K.); (S.W.L.); (H.M.L.); (S.V.); (M.R.N.); (M.J.P.); (D.F.T.); (E.A.W.)
- George E Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Hannah M. Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (E.K.); (S.W.L.); (H.M.L.); (S.V.); (M.R.N.); (M.J.P.); (D.F.T.); (E.A.W.)
- George E Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Shashank Vadlamani
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (E.K.); (S.W.L.); (H.M.L.); (S.V.); (M.R.N.); (M.J.P.); (D.F.T.); (E.A.W.)
| | - Pui-Wa Lei
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Maheen M. Adamson
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA (X.K.); (V.L.-J.)
- Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (S.A.-L.); (P.F.-C.); (E.P.-C.); (R.S.)
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.-A.); (B.C.-F.); (A.G.-Z.); (E.V.)
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim J. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (T.J.A.); (J.C.D.-A.); (T.R.M.)
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;
- Department of Neurology, Te Whatu Ora–Health New Zealand Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Celso Arango
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.-A.); (B.C.-F.); (A.G.-Z.); (E.V.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.D.-C.); (J.M.-N.)
| | - Robert F. Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.F.A.); (T.B.); (C.H.); (T.K.); (A.T.)
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mihai Avram
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.-A.); (B.C.-F.); (A.G.-Z.); (E.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Talin Babikian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.F.A.); (T.B.); (C.H.); (T.K.); (A.T.)
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (N.B.); (R.L.); (F.P.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Laura J. Bird
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (M.A.); (S.B.)
- Center of Brain, Behaviour and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Cognitive Health Initiative, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia;
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.B.); (A.J.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (F.T.-O.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (V.D.C.); (K.R.-M.)
| | - Nancy D. Chiaravalloti
- Centers for Neuropsychology, Neuroscience & Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.); (E.D.); (H.G.); (D.K.); (J.L.); (G.R.W.)
| | - David X. Cifu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.-A.); (B.C.-F.); (A.G.-Z.); (E.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, IBIS, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - John C. Dalrymple-Alford
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (T.J.A.); (J.C.D.-A.); (T.R.M.)
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Kristen Dams-O’Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA (C.E.)
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.D.); (J.G.); (D.G.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
| | - David Darby
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (D.D.); (C.M.); (L.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (H.P.); (E.W.)
| | - Nicholas Davenport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.D.); (S.G.D.); (C.A.M.); (S.R.S.)
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - John DeLuca
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.); (E.D.); (H.G.); (D.K.); (J.L.); (G.R.W.)
- Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.D.-C.); (J.M.-N.)
| | - Seth G. Disner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.D.); (S.G.D.); (C.A.M.); (S.R.S.)
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.); (E.D.); (H.G.); (D.K.); (J.L.); (G.R.W.)
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA (C.E.)
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (F.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Lea E. Frank
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.E.F.); (W.S.K.); (J.R.); (A.S.)
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (S.A.-L.); (P.F.-C.); (E.P.-C.); (R.S.)
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.-A.); (B.C.-F.); (A.G.-Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Helen Genova
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.); (E.D.); (H.G.); (D.K.); (J.L.); (G.R.W.)
- Center for Autism Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Christopher C. Giza
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.D.); (J.G.); (D.G.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.D.); (J.G.); (D.G.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Marius Gruber
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.D.); (J.G.); (D.G.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Zotes
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.-A.); (B.C.-F.); (A.G.-Z.); (E.V.)
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investiació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Minji Ha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (M.H.); (J.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Charles Hinkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.F.A.); (T.B.); (C.H.); (T.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Kristen R. Hoskinson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Section of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniela Hubl
- Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Quantitative & Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.B.); (A.J.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (F.T.-O.); (A.W.)
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (M.K.); (J.K.); (C.M.)
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaojian Kang
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA (X.K.); (V.L.-J.)
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Barbora Keřková
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (K.K.); (M.R.); (F.Š.)
| | - Mohamed Salah Khlif
- Cognitive Health Initiative, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (M.K.); (J.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.B.); (A.J.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (F.T.-O.); (A.W.)
| | - Karolina Knížková
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (K.K.); (M.R.); (F.Š.)
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Knut K. Kolskår
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (K.K.K.); (G.R.); (A.-M.S.); (K.M.U.); (L.T.W.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, 1450 Nesodden, Norway
| | - Denise Krch
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.); (E.D.); (H.G.); (D.K.); (J.L.); (G.R.W.)
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.E.F.); (W.S.K.); (J.R.); (A.S.)
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Taylor Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.F.A.); (T.B.); (C.H.); (T.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Junsoo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (M.H.); (J.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Roberto Langella
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (N.B.); (R.L.); (F.P.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Sarah Laskowitz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.L.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Jungha Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (M.H.); (J.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jean Lengenfelder
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.); (E.D.); (H.G.); (D.K.); (J.L.); (G.R.W.)
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Victoria Liou-Johnson
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA (X.K.); (V.L.-J.)
| | - Sara M. Lippa
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.M.L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Marianne Løvstad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, 1450 Nesodden, Norway
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Cassandra Marotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (D.D.); (C.M.); (L.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Craig A. Marquardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.D.); (S.G.D.); (C.A.M.); (S.R.S.)
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Institute D’Or for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo 04501-000, Brazil;
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (F.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Carrie R. McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.D.); (J.G.); (D.G.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tracy R. Melzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (T.J.A.); (J.C.D.-A.); (T.R.M.)
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Merchán-Naranjo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.D.-C.); (J.M.-N.)
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland; (M.K.); (J.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.L.); (R.A.M.)
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.M.); (J.C.S.); (M.-J.W.); (G.B.Z.-S.)
| | - Daniel J. Myall
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.B.); (A.J.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (F.T.-O.); (A.W.)
| | - Mary R. Newsome
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (E.K.); (S.W.L.); (H.M.L.); (S.V.); (M.R.N.); (M.J.P.); (D.F.T.); (E.A.W.)
- George E Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Abraham Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.A.); (A.N.)
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Terence O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia;
- Department of Neuroscience, The School of Translational Medicine, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - John Ollinger
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.M.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- NorHEAD—Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Victor Ortiz García de la Foz
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Mustafa Ozmen
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Heath Pardoe
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (H.P.); (E.W.)
| | - Marise Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (N.B.); (R.L.); (F.P.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (N.B.); (R.L.); (F.P.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (S.A.-L.); (P.F.-C.); (E.P.-C.); (R.S.)
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.-A.); (B.C.-F.); (A.G.-Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (U.D.); (J.G.); (D.G.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (J.R.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Geneviève Richard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (K.K.K.); (G.R.); (A.-M.S.); (K.M.U.); (L.T.W.)
| | - Jonathan Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.E.F.); (W.S.K.); (J.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Mabel Rodriguez
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (K.K.); (M.R.); (F.Š.)
| | - Kelly Rootes-Murdy
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (V.D.C.); (K.R.-M.)
| | - Jared Rowland
- WG (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC 28144, USA;
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MA-MIRECC), Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Ryan
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (S.A.-L.); (P.F.-C.); (E.P.-C.); (R.S.)
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.-A.); (B.C.-F.); (A.G.-Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (K.K.K.); (G.R.); (A.-M.S.); (K.M.U.); (L.T.W.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, 1450 Nesodden, Norway
| | - Andre Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.M.); (J.C.S.); (M.-J.W.); (G.B.Z.-S.)
| | - Gianfranco Spalleta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (N.B.); (R.L.); (F.P.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Filip Španiel
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (K.K.); (M.R.); (F.Š.)
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.D.); (S.G.D.); (C.A.M.); (S.R.S.)
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Alena Stasenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (C.E.F.); (W.S.K.); (J.R.); (A.S.)
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.B.); (A.J.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (F.T.-O.); (A.W.)
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.B.); (A.J.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (F.T.-O.); (A.W.)
| | - April Thames
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.F.A.); (T.B.); (C.H.); (T.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.B.); (A.J.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (F.T.-O.); (A.W.)
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA; (S.I.T.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Erin B. Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Ivan Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (I.T.); (L.N.Y.)
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- H Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Kristine M. Ulrichsen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (K.K.K.); (G.R.); (A.-M.S.); (K.M.U.); (L.T.W.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, 1450 Nesodden, Norway
| | - Guillermo Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy; (N.B.); (R.L.); (F.P.); (F.P.); (G.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.-A.); (B.C.-F.); (A.G.-Z.); (E.V.)
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investiació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lucy Vivash
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (D.D.); (C.M.); (L.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - William C. Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Richmond Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (H.P.); (E.W.)
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (K.K.K.); (G.R.); (A.-M.S.); (K.M.U.); (L.T.W.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway;
- KG Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Krista Wild
- Department of Psychology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA;
| | - Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; (K.B.); (A.J.); (T.K.); (I.N.); (F.S.); (B.S.); (F.T.-O.); (A.W.)
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.M.); (J.C.S.); (M.-J.W.); (G.B.Z.-S.)
| | - Glenn R. Wylie
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (J.D.); (E.D.); (H.G.); (D.K.); (J.L.); (G.R.W.)
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (I.T.); (L.N.Y.)
| | - Giovana B. Zunta-Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A Faillace, MD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (B.M.); (J.C.S.); (M.-J.W.); (G.B.Z.-S.)
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA; (S.I.T.); (P.M.T.)
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (E.K.); (S.W.L.); (H.M.L.); (S.V.); (M.R.N.); (M.J.P.); (D.F.T.); (E.A.W.)
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - David F. Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (E.K.); (S.W.L.); (H.M.L.); (S.V.); (M.R.N.); (M.J.P.); (D.F.T.); (E.A.W.)
- George E Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Frank G. Hillary
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Hershey Medical Center, State College, PA 16801, USA
- Social Life and Engineering Science Imaging Center, Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (E.K.); (S.W.L.); (H.M.L.); (S.V.); (M.R.N.); (M.J.P.); (D.F.T.); (E.A.W.)
- George E Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Emily L. Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (E.K.); (S.W.L.); (H.M.L.); (S.V.); (M.R.N.); (M.J.P.); (D.F.T.); (E.A.W.)
- George E Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
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Voineskos AN, Hawco C, Neufeld NH, Turner JA, Ameis SH, Anticevic A, Buchanan RW, Cadenhead K, Dazzan P, Dickie EW, Gallucci J, Lahti AC, Malhotra AK, Öngür D, Lencz T, Sarpal DK, Oliver LD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:26-51. [PMID: 38214624 PMCID: PMC10786022 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging emerged with great promise and has provided fundamental insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, it has faced challenges and criticisms, most notably a lack of clinical translation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical summary of the literature on functional neuroimaging, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in schizophrenia. We begin by reviewing research on fMRI biomarkers in schizophrenia and the clinical high risk phase through a historical lens, moving from case-control regional brain activation to global connectivity and advanced analytical approaches, and more recent machine learning algorithms to identify predictive neuroimaging features. Findings from fMRI studies of negative symptoms as well as of neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are then reviewed. Functional neural markers of these symptoms and deficits may represent promising treatment targets in schizophrenia. Next, we summarize fMRI research related to antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions, and neurostimulation, including treatment response and resistance, therapeutic mechanisms, and treatment targeting. We also review the utility of fMRI and data-driven approaches to dissect the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, moving beyond case-control comparisons, as well as methodological considerations and advances, including consortia and precision fMRI. Lastly, limitations and future directions of research in the field are discussed. Our comprehensive review suggests that, in order for fMRI to be clinically useful in the care of patients with schizophrenia, research should address potentially actionable clinical decisions that are routine in schizophrenia treatment, such as which antipsychotic should be prescribed or whether a given patient is likely to have persistent functional impairment. The potential clinical utility of fMRI is influenced by and must be weighed against cost and accessibility factors. Future evaluations of the utility of fMRI in prognostic and treatment response studies may consider including a health economics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Neufeld
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression and McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jameei H, Rakesh D, Zalesky A, Cairns MJ, Reay WR, Wray NR, Di Biase MA. Linking Polygenic Risk of Schizophrenia to Variation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Measures: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:32-46. [PMID: 37354489 PMCID: PMC10754175 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia is highly heritable, with a polygenic effect of many genes conferring risk. Evidence on whether cumulative risk also predicts alterations in brain morphology and function is inconsistent. This systematic review examined evidence for schizophrenia polygenic risk score (sczPRS) associations with commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. We expected consistent evidence to emerge for significant sczPRS associations with variation in structure and function, specifically in frontal, temporal, and insula cortices that are commonly implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. STUDY DESIGN In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2013 and March 2022. Studies were screened against predetermined criteria and National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools. STUDY RESULTS In total, 57 studies of T1-weighted structural, diffusion, and functional MRI were included (age range = 9-80 years, Nrange = 64-76 644). We observed moderate, albeit preliminary, evidence for higher sczPRS predicting global reductions in cortical thickness and widespread variation in functional connectivity, and to a lesser extent, region-specific reductions in frontal and temporal volume and thickness. Conversely, sczPRS does not predict whole-brain surface area or gray/white matter volume. Limited evidence emerged for sczPRS associations with diffusion tensor measures of white matter microstructure in a large community sample and smaller cohorts of children and young adults. These findings were broadly consistent across community and clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS Our review supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia is a disorder of disrupted within and between-region brain connectivity, and points to specific whole-brain and regional MRI metrics that may provide useful intermediate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Jameei
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ghaneirad E, Borgolte A, Sinke C, Čuš A, Bleich S, Szycik GR. The effect of multisensory semantic congruency on unisensory object recognition in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1246879. [PMID: 38025441 PMCID: PMC10646423 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1246879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisensory, as opposed to unisensory processing of stimuli, has been found to enhance the performance (e.g., reaction time, accuracy, and discrimination) of healthy individuals across various tasks. However, this enhancement is not as pronounced in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), indicating impaired multisensory integration (MSI) in these individuals. To the best of our knowledge, no study has yet investigated the impact of MSI deficits in the context of working memory, a domain highly reliant on multisensory processing and substantially impaired in schizophrenia. To address this research gap, we employed two adopted versions of the continuous object recognition task to investigate the effect of single-trail multisensory encoding on subsequent object recognition in 21 schizophrenia patients and 21 healthy controls (HC). Participants were tasked with discriminating between initial and repeated presentations. For the initial presentations, half of the stimuli were audiovisual pairings, while the other half were presented unimodal. The task-relevant stimuli were then presented a second time in a unisensory manner (either auditory stimuli in the auditory task or visual stimuli in the visual task). To explore the impact of semantic context on multisensory encoding, half of the audiovisual pairings were selected to be semantically congruent, while the remaining pairs were not semantically related to each other. Consistent with prior studies, our findings demonstrated that the impact of single-trial multisensory presentation during encoding remains discernible during subsequent object recognition. This influence could be distinguished based on the semantic congruity between the auditory and visual stimuli presented during the encoding. This effect was more robust in the auditory task. In the auditory task, when congruent multisensory pairings were encoded, both participant groups demonstrated a multisensory facilitation effect. This effect resulted in improved accuracy and RT performance. Regarding incongruent audiovisual encoding, as expected, HC did not demonstrate an evident multisensory facilitation effect on memory performance. In contrast, SZs exhibited an atypically accelerated reaction time during the subsequent auditory object recognition. Based on the predictive coding model we propose that this observed deviations indicate a reduced semantic modulatory effect and anomalous predictive errors signaling, particularly in the context of conflicting cross-modal sensory inputs in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Ghaneirad
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anna Borgolte
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christopher Sinke
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Čuš
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gregor R. Szycik
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Andrews JL, Zalesky A, Nair S, Sullivan RP, Green MJ, Pantelis C, Newell KA, Fernandez F. Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation in Lingo-1: Effects on Cognitive Function and White Matter Microstructure in a Case-Control Study for Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15624. [PMID: 37958608 PMCID: PMC10648795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein (Lingo-1) plays a vital role in a large number of neuronal processes underlying learning and memory, which are known to be disrupted in schizophrenia. However, Lingo-1 has never been examined in the context of schizophrenia. The genetic association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs3144) and methylation (CpG sites) in the Lingo-1 3'-UTR region was examined, with the testing of cognitive dysfunction and white matter (WM) integrity in a schizophrenia case-control cohort (n = 268/group). A large subset of subjects (97 control and 161 schizophrenia subjects) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans to assess WM integrity. Frequency of the rs3144 minor allele was overrepresented in the schizophrenia population (p = 0.03), with an odds ratio of 1.39 (95% CI 1.016-1.901). CpG sites surrounding rs3144 were hypermethylated in the control population (p = 0.032) compared to the schizophrenia group. rs3144 genotype was predictive of membership to a subclass of schizophrenia subjects with generalized cognitive deficits (p < 0.05), in addition to having associations with WM integrity (p = 0.018). This is the first study reporting a potential implication of genetic and epigenetic risk factors in Lingo-1 in schizophrenia. Both of these genetic and epigenetic alterations may also have associations with cognitive dysfunction and WM integrity in the context of the schizophrenia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Andrews
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia (K.A.N.)
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Shalima Nair
- Epigenetics Research Program, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
| | - Ryan P. Sullivan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton South, VIC 3053, Australia; (A.Z.); (C.P.)
| | - Kelly A. Newell
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia (K.A.N.)
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia (K.A.N.)
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD 4014, Australia
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
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7
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Farmer CB, Roach EL, Bice LR, Falgout ME, Mata KG, Roche JK, Roberts RC. Excitatory and inhibitory imbalances in the trisynaptic pathway in the hippocampus in schizophrenia: a postmortem ultrastructural study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:949-965. [PMID: 37193867 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preponderance of evidence suggests that the hippocampus is a key region of dysfunction in schizophrenia. Neuroimaging and other studies indicate a relationship between hippocampal dysfunction and the degree of psychosis. Clinical data indicate hyperactivity in the hippocampus that precedes the onset of psychosis, and is correlated with symptom severity. In this study, we sought to identify circuitry at the electron microscopic level that could contribute to region-specific imbalances in excitation and inhibition in the hippocampus in schizophrenia. We used postmortem tissue from the anterior hippocampus from patients with schizophrenia and matched controls. Using stereological techniques, we counted and measured synapses, postsynaptic densities (PSDs), and evaluated size, number and optical density of mitochondria and parvalbumin-containing interneurons in key nodes of the trisynaptic pathway. Compared to controls, the schizophrenia group had decreased numbers of inhibitory synapses in CA3 and increased numbers of excitatory synapses in CA1; together, this indicates deficits in inhibition and an increase in excitation. The thickness of the PSD was larger in excitatory synapses in CA1, suggesting greater synaptic strength. In the schizophrenia group, there were fewer mitochondria in the dentate gyrus and a decrease in the optical density, a measure of functional integrity, in CA1. The number and optical density of parvalbumin interneurons were lower in CA3. The results suggest region-specific increases in excitatory circuitry, decreases in inhibitory neurotransmission and fewer or damaged mitochondria. These results are consistent with the hyperactivity observed in the hippocampus in schizophrenia in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene B Farmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Erica L Roach
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lily R Bice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Madeleine E Falgout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kattia G Mata
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Joy K Roche
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 835C, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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8
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Haddad PM, Correll CU. Long-acting antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: opportunities and challenges. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:473-493. [PMID: 36919576 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2181073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maintenance antipsychotic treatment improves multiple outcomes in people with schizophrenia. These benefits are challenged by medication nonadherence, which is a common occurrence. Long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) formulations were developed to reduce nonadherence and thereby improve outcomes. This narrative review is based on a PubMed search (January 2000 - August 2022) for studies on LAI antipsychotics. AREAS COVERED Opportunities and challenges associated with LAIs are reviewed. Advantages, compared to oral antipsychotics (OAs), include improved adherence, reduced relapse and hospitalization risk, delayed and lower relapse risk after stopping treatment, and the ability to differentiate true treatment resistance from 'pseudo'-resistance. Additionally, LAIs are associated with lower all-cause mortality than OAs. LAIs are under-used in many services, partly reflecting negative attitudes, misconceptions, and lack of knowledge among clinicians, patients, and carers. Practical barriers to LAI use include acquisition costs and inadequate service structures to administer/monitor LAI treatment. EXPERT OPINION The education and engagement of clinicians, patients and caregivers can assist more informed decision-making regarding LAIs. Future research regarding LAIs should encompass multiple complementary designs, focus on functionality and recovery outcomes, and include groups at high risk of relapse, including those with comorbid substance use disorders and early in the course of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Haddad
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Mental Health, Drugs and Alcohol Services (MHDAS), Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Selvaraj S, Shivakumar V, Kavya PV, Mullapudi T, Bhalerao G, Sreeraj VS, Suhas S, Dinakaran D, Parlikar R, Chhabra H, Narayanaswamy JC, Debnath M, Rao NP, Muralidharan K, Venkatasubramanian G. Neurohemodynamic correlates of BDNF gene expression in schizophrenia patients with working memory deficits: A functional MRI study. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 77:103261. [PMID: 36181754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neuroplasticity underlying cognitive deficits, including working memory deficits (WMD), in schizophrenia. Methodological challenges and inconsistencies are reported with peripheral BDNF levels. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is proposed to underlie WMD, though inconsistently. We aimed to explore the correlations between brain activation during working memory task-based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and BDNF gene expression in schizophrenia patients with WMD. METHODS 26 patients with schizophrenia with established WMD were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected to study lymphocyte BDNF gene expression. Patients underwent task-based fMRI to examine the working memory performance and related brain activation. Whole-brain analysis was performed with 2-back > 0-back and 2-back > rest contrast. The peak intensity values of the activation were used for correlation analysis. RESULTS Whole brain analysis with 2-back > rest contrast revealed maximum activation in left DLPFC, Brodmann area 9 (t = 10.54, FWE corrected p < 0.05). The baseline BDNF gene expression correlated positively with the peak intensity of brain activation in left DLPFC (r = 0.365, p = 0.033). Negative symptom score negatively correlated with BDNF gene expression (r = -0.499, p = 0.005) and left DLPFC fMRI activation (r = -0.393, p = 0.023) respectively. CONCLUSION We found a significant positive association between BDNF gene expression and the activation of the DLPFC during the working memory task. This novel observation needs further systematic evaluation to establish the potential role of peripheral BDNF expression in WMD in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Selvaraj
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Paranthaman V Kavya
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Thrinath Mullapudi
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gaurav Bhalerao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Satish Suhas
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Damodharan Dinakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rujuta Parlikar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Harleen Chhabra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Naren P Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Kesavan Muralidharan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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10
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He C, Zhang X, Xia Q, Gao H, Yan J, Chen X, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Xie W, Zhu C. Exploring the link between cognitive deficit, self-esteem, alexithymia, and depressive symptom of schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2648. [PMID: 35676241 PMCID: PMC9304851 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To the best of our knowledge, studies have been rarely conducted to assess the correlation between cognitive deficit, self-esteem, and alexithymia in the depressive symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). Therefore, this study aims to explore the risk factors associated with impairment of cognitive function, alexithymia, and self-esteem among a representative sample of first-episode schizophrenic patients. METHOD We recruited 107 first-episode schizophrenic patients (48.6% male, 51.4% female, 36.94 ± 10.73 years) into the research group, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). A total of 45 healthy people (51.1% male, 48.9% female, 32.47 ± 10.94 years) were enlisted in the healthy control group. Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive functions were estimated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). The feelings of respect and self-acceptance were tested using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Emotion of identifying and describing were measured by self-report scale of Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). RESULTS Overall cognitive impairment and alexithymia were found more serious in the patients of SCZ than the healthy group (p < .001, respectively). The patients of SCZ have higher self-esteem than the healthy group (p = .013). Total score of MoCA, ability of visual space and executive function, and delayed recall were explored had negatively correlation with alexithymia (r = -.319, p = .001; r = -.248, p = .010; r = -0.263, p = .006). Total score of RSES and depressive symptoms of PANSS had a positive correlation with alexithymia (r = .394, p = .001; r = .208, p = .032). Stepwise regression analyses have shown a positive relationship between difficulty describing feelings and depression subscale of PANSS (β = .188, t = -2.007, p = .047) while a negative relationship between externally oriented thinking and depression subscale of PANSS (β = -.244, t = -2.603, p = .011). A positive link correlation also was found between the total scores of TAS and RSES (β = .372, t = 4.144, p = .001). A negative relevance was found between the total scores of TAS and scores of MoCA (β = -.305, t = -3.348, p = .001). CONCLUSION Overall impairment of cognitive function and alexithymia are commonly encountered in SCZ patients. Poor cognitive function, alexithymia, and high level self-esteem may be specific detective risk factors for the depressive symptoms of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingrong Xia
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junwei Yan
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuequan Chen
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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11
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Choi S, Kim M, Park H, Kim T, Moon SY, Lho SK, Lee J, Kwon JS. Volume deficits in hippocampal subfields in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients with high genetic loading but without any psychiatric symptoms. Schizophr Res 2022; 240:125-131. [PMID: 34999371 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal volume changes have been reported in schizophrenia patients and their relatives and are proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, volume changes in the total hippocampus have not been consistently reported in relatives. The hippocampus consists of multiple subregions, and based on previous inconsistent results, subtle changes in specific subregions may occur in relatives. Here, we examined the subregion volumes in unaffected, high-functioning relatives (URs) without any psychiatric symptoms with high genetic loading with at least one first-degree relative diagnosed with schizophrenia and at least one or more other affected first- to third-degree relatives. METHODS We acquired structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 50 URs, 101 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, and 101 healthy controls (HCs). The cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus, and subiculum subfields were automatically segmented using FreeSurfer 7.1.0. Each subregion volume was compared across the groups. RESULTS Compared with the HCs, the URs had a significant volume reduction in the left anterior CA (p = 0.039, Cohen's d = 0.480). In addition, the URs had a significantly larger right posterior subiculum (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.541) than the FEP. CONCLUSIONS The smaller left anterior CA in the URs may reflect their genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia and supports previous findings suggesting specific vulnerability in this region. The volume differences between the URs and FEP patients in the right posterior subiculum may suggest that a smaller volume in this region may reflect a risk for schizophrenia other than genetic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunah Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungyou Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwan Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Information & Electronics Research Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Moon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Kyungjin Lho
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Erickson MA, Hahn B, Kiat JE, Alliende LM, Luck SJ, Gold JM. Neural basis of the visual working memory deficit in schizophrenia: Merging evidence from fMRI and EEG. Schizophr Res 2021; 236:61-68. [PMID: 34399233 PMCID: PMC8464530 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although people with schizophrenia (PSZ) exhibit robust and reliable deficits in working memory (WM) capacity, the neural processes that give rise to this impairment remain poorly understood. One reason for this lack of clarity is that most studies employ a single neural recording modality-each with strengths and weaknesses-with few examples of integrating results across modalities. To address this gap, we conducted a secondary analysis that combined data from an overlapping set of subjects in previously published electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that used nearly identical working memory tasks (visual change detection). The prior studies found similar patterns of results for both posterior parietal BOLD activation and suppression of the alpha frequency band within the EEG. Specifically, both signals exhibited abnormally shallow modulation as a function of the amount of information being stored in WM in PSZ. In the present study, both alpha suppression and posterior parietal BOLD activity increased as the number of items stored in WM increased. The magnitude of alpha suppression modulation was correlated with the magnitude of BOLD signal modulation in PSZ, but not in HCS. This finding suggests that the same illness-related biological processes constrain both alpha suppression and BOLD signal modulation as a function of WM storage in PSZ. The complementary strengths of these two techniques may thus combine to advance the identification of the processes underlying WM deficits in PSZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60622,Corresponding author
| | - Britta Hahn
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - John E. Kiat
- Center for Mind & Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
| | - Luz Maria Alliende
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60622
| | - Steven J. Luck
- Center for Mind & Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
| | - James M. Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
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13
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Increased Functional Coupling between VTA and Hippocampus during Rest in First-Episode Psychosis. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0375-20.2021. [PMID: 33658310 PMCID: PMC7986546 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0375-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models suggest that interactions between the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) underlie the onset and etiology of psychosis. While a large body of research has separately characterized alterations in hippocampal and VTA function in psychosis, alterations across the VTA and hippocampus have not been characterized in first-episode psychosis (FEP). As the phase of psychosis most proximal to conversion, studies specifically focused on FEP are valuable to psychosis research. Here, we characterize alterations in VTA-hippocampal interactions across male and female human participants experiencing their first episode of psychosis using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). In comparison to age and sex matched healthy controls (HCs), FEP individuals had significantly greater VTA-hippocampal functional coupling but significantly less VTA-striatal functional coupling. Further, increased VTA-hippocampal functional coupling in FEP correlated with individual differences in psychosis-related symptoms. Together, these findings demonstrate alterations in mesolimbic-hippocampal circuits in FEP and extend prominent animal models of psychosis.
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14
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Barros C, Silva CA, Pinheiro AP. Advanced EEG-based learning approaches to predict schizophrenia: Promises and pitfalls. Artif Intell Med 2021; 114:102039. [PMID: 33875158 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2021.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The complexity and heterogeneity of schizophrenia symptoms challenge an objective diagnosis, which is typically based on behavioral and clinical manifestations. Moreover, the boundaries of schizophrenia are not precisely demarcated from other nosologic categories, such as bipolar disorder. The early detection of schizophrenia can lead to a more effective treatment, improving patients' quality of life. Over the last decades, hundreds of studies aimed at specifying the neurobiological mechanisms that underpin clinical manifestations of schizophrenia, using techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG). Changes in event-related potentials of the EEG have been associated with sensory and cognitive deficits and proposed as biomarkers of schizophrenia. Besides contributing to a more effective diagnosis, biomarkers can be crucial to schizophrenia onset prediction and prognosis. However, any proposed biomarker requires substantial clinical research to prove its validity and cost-effectiveness. Fueled by developments in computational neuroscience, automatic classification of schizophrenia at different stages (prodromal, first episode, chronic) has been attempted, using brain imaging pattern recognition methods to capture differences in functional brain activity. Advanced learning techniques have been studied for this purpose, with promising results. This review provides an overview of recent machine learning-based methods for schizophrenia classification using EEG data, discussing their potentialities and limitations. This review is intended to serve as a starting point for future developments of effective EEG-based models that might predict the onset of schizophrenia, identify subjects at high-risk of psychosis conversion or differentiate schizophrenia from other disorders, promoting more effective early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Barros
- Center for Research in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), School of Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pinheiro
- Center for Research in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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15
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Gurler D, White DM, Kraguljac NV, Ver Hoef L, Martin C, Tennant B, Lahti AC. Neural Signatures of Memory Encoding in Schizophrenia Are Modulated by Antipsychotic Treatment. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:12-24. [PMID: 32316023 PMCID: PMC7874518 DOI: 10.1159/000506402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is no pharmacological treatment to remediate cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SZ). It is imperative to characterize underlying pathologies of memory processing in order to effectively develop new treatments. In this longitudinal study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging during a memory encoding task with proton MR spectroscopy to measure hippocampal glutamate + glutamine (Glx). Seventeen SZ were scanned while unmedicated and after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone and compared to a group of matched healthy controls (HC) scanned 6 weeks apart. Unmedicated patients showed reduced blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response in several regions, including the hippocampus, and greater BOLD response in regions of the default mode network (DMN) during correct memory encoding. Post hoc contrasts from significant group by time interactions indicated reduced hippocampal BOLD response at baseline with subsequent increase following treatment. Hippocampal Glx was not different between groups at baseline, but at week 6, hippocampal Glx was significantly lower in SZ compared to HC. Finally, in unmedicated SZ, higher hippocampal Glx predicted less deactivation of the BOLD response in regions of the DMN. Using 2 brain imaging modalities allowed us to concurrently investigate different mechanisms involved in memory encoding dysfunction in SZ. Hippocampal pathology during memory encoding stems from decreased hippocampal recruitment and faulty deactivation of the DMN, and hippocampal recruitment during encoding can be modulated by antipsychotic treatment. High Glx in unmedicated patients predicted less deactivation of the DMN; these results suggest a mechanism by which faulty DMN deactivation, a hallmark of pathological findings in SZ, is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Gurler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - David Matthew White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Nina Vanessa Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Clinton Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Blake Tennant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Adrienne Carol Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA,
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16
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DeLisi LE. What a Clinician Should Know About the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia: A Historical Perspective to Current Understanding. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2020; 18:368-374. [PMID: 33343248 PMCID: PMC7725146 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain is no doubt the "organ" of psychiatry; yet, over the years, few evidence-based classifications of psychiatric disorders have been based on brain mechanisms. The National Institute of Mental Health notably proposed one such system, known as Research Domain Criteria, although it has not yet influenced any changes in the DSM. Of all the major psychiatric disorders, the brain has been studied most extensively in schizophrenia, with its speculative pathology first documented by Emil Kraepelin as early as the beginning of the 20th century. Subsequently, the revolution in technology over the past 50 years has changed how investigators are able to view the brain before death without performing biopsies. Schizophrenia is thus found to have both structural and functional widespread brain anomalies that likely lead to its clinical deterioration. At the onset of illness, acquiring an MRI scan could be part of the routine evaluation to determine how progressive the disease has so far been. However, this practice is not yet recognized by the American Psychiatric Association in any of its guidelines on the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn E DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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17
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Duan X, He C, Ou J, Wang R, Xiao J, Li L, Wu R, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Chen H. Reduced Hippocampal Volume and Its Relationship With Verbal Memory and Negative Symptoms in Treatment-Naive First-Episode Adolescent-Onset Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:64-74. [PMID: 32691057 PMCID: PMC7825026 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating neuroimaging evidence has shown remarkable volume reductions in the hippocampi of patients with schizophrenia. However, the relationship among hippocampal morphometry, clinical symptoms, and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia is still unclear. In this study, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 36 patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS, age range: 13-18 years) and 30 age-, gender-, and education-matched typically developing controls (TDCs). Hippocampal volume was assessed automatically through volumetric segmentation and measurement. After adjusting for total intracranial volume, we found reduced hippocampal volume in individuals with AOS compared with TDCs, and the hippocampal volume was positively correlated with verbal memory and negatively correlated with negative symptoms in AOS. In addition, mediation analysis revealed the indirect effect of hippocampal volume on negative symptoms via verbal memory impairment. When the negative symptoms were represented by 2 dimensions of deficits in emotional expression (EXP) and deficits in motivation and pleasure (MAP), the indirect effect was significant for EXP but not for MAP. Our findings provide further evidence of hippocampal volume reduction in AOS and highlight verbal memory impairment as a mediator to influence the relationship between hippocampal morphometry and negative symptoms, especially the EXP dimension of negative symptoms, in individuals with AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Duan
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Changchun He
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Runshi Wang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jinming Xiao
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China; tel: 028-83208238, fax: 86-28-83208238, e-mail:
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18
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Schoonover KE, Dienel SJ, Lewis DA. Prefrontal cortical alterations of glutamate and GABA neurotransmission in schizophrenia: Insights for rational biomarker development. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2020; 3. [PMID: 32656540 PMCID: PMC7351254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, such as impaired working memory, are thought to reflect alterations in the neural circuitry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Gamma oscillations in the DLPFC appear to be a neural corollary of working memory function, and the power of these oscillations during working memory tasks is lower in individuals with schizophrenia. Thus, gamma oscillations represent a potentially useful biomarker to index dysfunction in the DLPFC circuitry responsible for working memory in schizophrenia. Postmortem studies, by identifying the cellular basis of DLPFC dysfunction, can help inform the utility of biomarker measures obtained in vivo. Given that gamma oscillations reflect network activity of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory GABA neurons, we review postmortem findings of alterations to both cell types in the DLPFC and discuss how these findings might inform future biomarker development and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Schoonover
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Samuel J Dienel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
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19
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Liu XL, Ranganath C, Hsieh LT, Hurtado M, Niendam TA, Lesh TA, Carter CS, Ragland JD. Task-specific Disruptions in Theta Oscillations during Working Memory for Temporal Order in People with Schizophrenia. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:2117-2130. [PMID: 32573383 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies demonstrated that neural oscillations are enhanced during working memory (WM) maintenance and that this activity can predict behavioral performance in healthy individuals. However, it is unclear whether the relationship holds for people with WM deficits. People with schizophrenia have marked WM deficits, and such deficits are most prominent when patients are required to process relationships between items, such as temporal order. Here, we used EEG to compare the relationship between oscillatory activity and WM performance in patients and controls. EEG was recorded as participants performed tasks requiring maintenance of complex objects ("Item") or the temporal order of objects ("Order"). In addition to testing for group differences, we examined individual differences in EEG power and WM performance across groups. Behavioral results demonstrated that patients showed impaired performance on both Item and Order trials. EEG analyses revealed that patients showed an overall reduction in alpha power, but the relationship between alpha activity and performance was preserved. In contrast, patients showed a reduction in theta power specific to Order trials, and theta power could predict performance on Order trials in controls, but not in patients. These findings demonstrate that WM impairments in patients may reflect two different processes: a general deficit in alpha oscillations and a specific deficit in theta oscillations when temporal order information must be maintained. At a broader level, the results highlight the value of characterizing brain-behavior relationships, by demonstrating that the relationship between neural oscillations and WM performance can be fundamentally disrupted in those with WM deficits.
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20
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Bakker G, Vingerhoets C, Bloemen OJN, Sahakian BJ, Booij J, Caan MWA, van Amelsvoort TAMJ. The muscarinic M 1 receptor modulates associative learning and memory in psychotic disorders. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102278. [PMID: 32563036 PMCID: PMC7305431 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis characterised by different M1 sensitivity in learning and memory. Greater limbic-temporal hyperactivity in response to biperiden in psychosis. Hippocampal M1 binding predicted limbic-temporal hyperactivation underlying learning. M1 agonist may normalise functional response underlying learning & memory in psychosis.
Background Psychotic disorders are characterized by prominent deficits in associative learning and memory for which there are currently no effective treatments. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in psychotic disorders have identified deficits in fronto-temporal activation during associative learning and memory. The underlying pathology of these findings remains unclear. Postmortem data have suggested these deficits may be related to loss of muscarinic M1 receptor mediated signaling. This is supported by an in-vivo study showing improvements in these symptoms after treatment with the experimental M1/4 receptor agonist xanomeline. The current study tests whether reported deficits in fronto-temporal activation could be mediated by loss of M1 receptor signaling in psychotic disorders. Methods Twenty-six medication-free subjects diagnosed with a psychotic disorder and 29 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched healthy controls underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions, one under placebo and one under selective M1 antagonist biperiden, while performing the paired associated learning task. M1 binding potentials (BPND) were measured in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus using 123I-IDEX single photon emission computed tomography. Results In the subjects with psychotic disorders DLPFC hypoactivation was only found in the memory phase of the task. In both learning and memory phases of the task, M1 antagonism by biperiden elicited significantly greater hyperactivation of the parahippocampal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus in subjects with a psychotic disorders compared to controls. Greater hyperactivation of these areas after biperiden was associated with greater hippocampal M1 receptor binding during learning, with no association found with M1 receptor binding in the DLPFC. M1 receptor binding in the DLPFC was related to greater functional sensitivity to biperiden of the cingulate gyrus during the memory phase. Conclusion The current study is the first to show differences in M1 receptor mediated functional sensitivity between subjects with a psychotic disorder and controls during a paired associate learning and memory task. Results point to subjects with psychotic disorders having a loss of M1 receptor reserve in temporal-limbic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geor Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oswald J N Bloemen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; GGZ Centraal, Center for Mental Health Care Innova, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthan W A Caan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Cortical hyperactivation at low working memory load: A primary processing abnormality in people with schizophrenia? NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 26:102270. [PMID: 32388334 PMCID: PMC7210598 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A frequent finding when studying substrates of working memory (WM) deficits in people with schizophrenia (PSZ) is task-induced hyperactivation relative to healthy control subjects (HCS) when WM load is low. Hyperactivation accompanying similar performance is commonly attributed to cognitive deficits rendering relatively easy operations more resource-consuming. To test if hyperactivation at low load really is secondary to cognitive impairment in PSZ, we re-analyzed functional MRI data showing left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) hyperactivation in PSZ when holding a single color-item in WM. In subgroups matched for the number of items successfully stored in WM (K) by excluding the highest-performing HCS and lowest-performing PSZ, performance was almost identical across all set sizes (1-7). While BOLD activation at the larger set sizes did not differ between groups, PSZ still robustly hyperactivated left PPC when a single item had to be maintained. The same pattern was observed in subgroups matched for model-based estimates of WM capacity or attentional lapse rate. Given that in the K-matched subsamples PSZ performed as well as HCS even in the most challenging load conditions and that no BOLD signal difference was seen at high loads, it is implausible that PSZ over-recruited WM-related neural structures because they were more challenged by maintaining a single item in WM. Instead, the findings are consistent with a primary schizophrenia-related processing abnormality as proposed by the hyperfocusing hypothesis, which suggests that an abnormally narrow but intense focusing of processing resources is central to many aspects of impaired cognition in PSZ.
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22
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Ellis JK, Walker EF, Goldsmith DR. Selective Review of Neuroimaging Findings in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: On the Path to Biomarkers for Conversion. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:567534. [PMID: 33173516 PMCID: PMC7538833 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.567534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
First episode psychosis (FEP), and subsequent diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, predominantly occurs during late adolescence, is accompanied by a significant decline in function and represents a traumatic experience for patients and families alike. Prior to first episode psychosis, most patients experience a prodromal period of 1-2 years, during which symptoms first appear and then progress. During that time period, subjects are referred to as being at Clinical High Risk (CHR), as a prodromal period can only be designated in hindsight in those who convert. The clinical high-risk period represents a critical window during which interventions may be targeted to slow or prevent conversion to psychosis. However, only one third of subjects at clinical high risk will convert to psychosis and receive a formal diagnosis of a primary psychotic disorder. Therefore, in order for targeted interventions to be developed and applied, predicting who among this population will convert is of critical importance. To date, a variety of neuroimaging modalities have identified numerous differences between CHR subjects and healthy controls. However, complicating attempts at predicting conversion are increasingly recognized co-morbidities, such as major depressive disorder, in a significant number of CHR subjects. The result of this is that phenotypes discovered between CHR subjects and healthy controls are likely non-specific to psychosis and generalized for major mental illness. In this paper, we selectively review evidence for neuroimaging phenotypes in CHR subjects who later converted to psychosis. We then evaluate the recent landscape of machine learning as it relates to neuroimaging phenotypes in predicting conversion to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David R Goldsmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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23
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Chiu EC, Lee SC. Test-retest reliability of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in people with schizophrenia. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:996-1000. [PMID: 31361972 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1647295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in people with schizophrenia. In this study, minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated and systematic measurement errors were evaluated. METHOD Sixty-three people with schizophrenia underwent the WCST twice with a two-week interval. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient. Systematic measurement error was examined using paired t-test and effect size (Cohen's d). RESULTS The values of intraclass correlation coefficient were >0.70, except for two indices ("nonperseverative errors" and "failure to maintain set" with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.56 and 0.30, respectively). Seven indices showed nonsignificant differences between the two assessments (t(62)= -0.84 to 1.38, p > 0.05) and negligible effect sizes (d = 0.03-0.13). The values of MDC with 95% certainty were 32.3, 42.0, 31.2, 36.9, 40.1, 3.3, and 3.8 for the "total number correct," "perseverative responses," "perseverative errors," "nonperseverative errors," "conceptual level responses," "number of categories completed," and "failure to maintain set" indices, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The WCST has acceptable test-retest reliability. Two indices ("nonperseverative errors" and "failure to maintain set") revealed lower levels of consistency in scores over repeated assessments. Clinicians and researchers should be cautious when using these two indices to interpret of the re-assessment results in people with schizophrenia.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Wisconsin Card Sorting Test showed acceptable test-retest reliability in people with schizophrenia.Six indices of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test revealed substantial random measurement errors, which should be used cautiously to interpret executive functions over repeated assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Chi Chiu
- Department of Long-Term Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chun Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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24
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Reinhart RMG, Park S, Woodman GF. Localization and Elimination of Attentional Dysfunction in Schizophrenia During Visual Search. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:96-105. [PMID: 29420805 PMCID: PMC6293221 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Theories of the locus of visual selective attention dysfunction in schizophrenia propose that the deficits arise from either an inability to maintain working memory representations that guide attention, or difficulty focusing lower-level visual attention mechanisms. However, these theoretical accounts neglect the role of long-term memory representations in controlling attention. Here, we show that the control of visual attention is impaired in people with schizophrenia, and that this impairment is driven by an inability to shift top-down attentional control from working memory to long-term memory across practice. Next, we provide converging evidence for the source of attentional impairments in long-term memory by showing that noninvasive electrical stimulation of medial frontal cortex normalizes long-term memory related neural signatures and patients' behavior. Our findings suggest that long-term memory structures may be a source of impaired attentional selection in schizophrenia when visual attention is taxed during the processing of multi-object arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M G Reinhart
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Research in Sensory Communications and Neural Technology, Boston University, Boston,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 617-353-9481; e-mail:
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geoffrey F Woodman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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25
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Neuroimaging Studies of Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1118:117-134. [PMID: 30747420 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Persons suffering from schizophrenia present cognitive impairments that have a major functional impact on their lives. Particularly, executive functions and episodic memory are consistently found to be impaired. Neuroimaging allows the investigation of affected areas of the brain associated with these impairments and, moreover, the detection of brain functioning improvements after cognitive remediation interventions. For instance, executive function impairments have been associated with prefrontal cortex volume and thickness; cognitive control impairments are correlated with an increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, and episodic memory impairments are linked to hippocampal reduction. Some findings suggest the presence of brain compensatory mechanisms in schizophrenia, e.g. recruiting broader cortical areas to perform identical tasks. Similarly, neuroimaging studies of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia focus differentially on structural, functional and connectivity changes. Cognitive remediation improvements have been reported in two main areas: the prefrontal and thalamic regions. It has been suggested that those changes imply a functional reorganisation of neural networks, and cognitive remediation interventions might have a neuroprotective effect. Future studies should use multimodal neuroimaging procedures and more complex theoretical models to identify, confirm and clarify these and newer outcomes. This chapter highlights neuroimaging findings in anatomical and functional brain correlates of schizophrenia, as well as its application and potential use for identifying brain changes after cognitive remediation.
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26
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Nakahara S, Matsumoto M, van Erp TGM. Hippocampal subregion abnormalities in schizophrenia: A systematic review of structural and physiological imaging studies. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2018; 38:156-166. [PMID: 30255629 PMCID: PMC7021222 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The hippocampus is considered a key region in schizophrenia pathophysiology, but the nature of hippocampal subregion abnormalities and how they contribute to disease expression remain to be fully determined. This study reviews findings from schizophrenia hippocampal subregion volumetric and physiological imaging studies published within the last decade. Methods The PubMed database was searched for publications on hippocampal subregion volume and physiology abnormalities in schizophrenia and their findings were reviewed. Results The main replicated findings include smaller CA1 volumes and CA1 hyperactivation in schizophrenia, which may be predictive of conversion in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis, smaller CA1 and CA4/DG volumes in first‐episode schizophrenia, and more widespread smaller hippocampal subregion volumes with longer duration of illness. Several studies have reported relationships between hippocampal subregion volumes and declarative memory or symptom severity. Conclusions Together these studies provide support for hippocampal formation circuitry models of schizophrenia. These initial findings must be taken with caution as the scientific community is actively working on hippocampal subregion method improvement and validation. Further improvements in our understanding of the nature of hippocampal formation subregion involvement in schizophrenia will require the collection of structural and physiological imaging data at submillimeter voxel resolution, standardization and agreement of atlases, adequate control for possible confounding factors, and multi‐method validation of findings. Despite the need for cautionary interpretation of the initial findings, we believe that improved localization of hippocampal subregion abnormalities in schizophrenia holds promise for the identification of disease contributing mechanisms. The hippocampus is considered a key region in schizophrenia pathophysiology but the nature of hippocampal subregion abnormalities and how they contribute to disease expression remains to be fully determined. This study reviews findings from schizophrenia hippocampal subregion volumetric and physiological imaging studies published within the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nakahara
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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27
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Visual expertise for print in schizophrenia: Analysis of the N170 component. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 133:111-119. [PMID: 30092244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reading deficits have been reported for patients suffering from schizophrenia namely, specific phonological processing deficits. Phonological processing skills are crucial in the learning-to-read process as they are necessary to develop visual expertise for print, which reflects the neural specialization for print. The present study is the first to test visual expertise for print in patients suffering from schizophrenia by measuring the N170 component. Patients and pair-matched healthy control participants performed a lexical decision task, in which words and symbols were presented. As expected, larger N170 amplitudes to word than to control stimuli were observed at the left occipito-temporal site PO7 but not at the PO8. More importantly, the modulation of the N170 as a function of the stimulus and hemisphere did not vary between patients and controls. This result suggests preserved visual expertise for print processing in patients suffering from schizophrenia.
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28
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Vogel BO, Stasch J, Walter H, Neuhaus AH. Emotional context restores cortical prediction error responses in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:434-440. [PMID: 29501387 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) deficit in schizophrenia is a consistently replicated finding and is considered a potential biomarker. From the cognitive neuroscience perspective, MMN represents a cortical correlate of the prediction error, a fundamental computational operator that may be at the core of various cognitive and clinical deficits observed in schizophrenia. The impact of emotion on cognitive processes in schizophrenia is insufficiently understood, and its impact on basic operators of cortical computation is largely unknown. In the visual domain, the facial expression mismatch negativity (EMMN) offers an opportunity to investigate basic computational operators in purely cognitive and in emotional contexts. In this study, we asked whether emotional context enhances cortical prediction error responses in patients with schizophrenia, as is the case in normal subjects. Therefore, seventeen patients with schizophrenia and eighteen controls completed a visual sequence oddball task, which allows for directly comparing MMN components evoked by deviants with high, intermediate and low emotional engagement. Interestingly, patients with schizophrenia showed pronounced deficits in response to neutral stimuli, but almost normal responses to emotional stimuli. The dissociation between impaired MMN and normal EMMN suggests that emotional context not only enhances, but restores cortical prediction error responses in patients with schizophrenia to near-normal levels. Our results show that emotional processing in schizophrenia is not necessarily defect; more likely, emotional processing heterogeneously impacts on cognition in schizophrenia. In fact, this study suggests that emotional context may even compensate for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia that are, in a different sensory domain, discussed as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob O Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joanna Stasch
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Oranienburger Straße 285, 13437 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andres H Neuhaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, District Hospital Prignitz, Dobberziner Straße 112, 19348 Perleberg, Germany; Medical School Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Str. 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany.
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Akaishi T. Unified neural structured model: A new diagnostic tool in primary care psychiatry. Med Hypotheses 2018; 118:107-113. [PMID: 30037595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overlap of multiple mental disorders in each psychiatric patient has been emphasized and the style of assessment and intervention in each patient has been gradually changed. A new practical structured model that can comprehensively explain and assess the major mental disorders integratedly has been desired. In this report, the relationships between each of the major mental disorders and each neuropsychiatric component like personality, reward system, or reinforcement learning have been comprehensively reviewed to construct a new integrated structured model for assessing the overlapped mental conditions in primary care psychiatry. This new structured model contains the following three loops: "input-output-feedback loop" (external/environmental loop), "reward-learning loop" (learning loop), and "mood-reward sensitivity loop" (mood loop), which are connected by the functions of prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. With this new concept, overlapped mental conditions in each psychiatric patient could be theoretically much simply and logically explained. In conclusion, with the proposed psychiatric structured model, we can simply explain and understand the overlapped mental disorders in each patient. Inventing and developing such basic psychiatric structured model would offer us new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to realize personalized medicine, especially in the field of primary care psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Education and Support for Community Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Japan.
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Banaj N, Piras F, Piras F, Ciullo V, Iorio M, Battaglia C, Pantoli D, Ducci G, Spalletta G. Cognitive and psychopathology correlates of brain white/grey matter structure in severely psychotic schizophrenic inpatients. Schizophr Res Cogn 2018; 12:29-36. [PMID: 29527507 PMCID: PMC5842307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The brain structural correlates of cognitive and psychopathological symptoms within the active phase in severely psychotic schizophrenic inpatients have been rarely investigated. Twenty-eight inpatients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of Schizophrenia (SZ), admitted for acute psychotic decompensation, were assessed through a comprehensive neuropsychological and psychopathological battery. All patients underwent a high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Increased psychotic severity was related to reduced grey matter volumes in the medial portion of the right superior frontal cortex, the superior orbitofrontal cortex bilaterally and to white matter volume reduction in the medial portion of the left superior frontal area. Immediate verbal memory performance was related to left insula and inferior parietal cortex volume, while long-term visuo-spatial memory was related to grey matter volume of the right middle temporal cortex, and the right (lobule VII, CRUS1) and left (lobule VI) cerebellum. Moreover, psychotic severity correlated with cognitive inflexibility and negative symptom severity was related to visuo-spatial processing and reasoning disturbances. These findings indicate that a disruption of the cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuit, and distorted memory function contribute to the development and maintenance of psychotic exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Mariangela Iorio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Pantoli
- Department of Radiology, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL, Roma, 1, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ducci
- Department of Mental Health, ASL, Roma 1, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Qi S, Calhoun VD, van Erp TGM, Bustillo J, Damaraju E, Turner JA, Du Y, Yang J, Chen J, Yu Q, Mathalon DH, Ford JM, Voyvodic J, Mueller BA, Belger A, McEwen S, Potkin SG, Preda A, Jiang T, Sui J. Multimodal Fusion With Reference: Searching for Joint Neuromarkers of Working Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:93-105. [PMID: 28708547 PMCID: PMC5750081 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2017.2725306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting cross-information among multiple imaging data, multimodal fusion has often been used to better understand brain diseases. However, most current fusion approaches are blind, without adopting any prior information. There is increasing interest to uncover the neurocognitive mapping of specific clinical measurements on enriched brain imaging data; hence, a supervised, goal-directed model that employs prior information as a reference to guide multimodal data fusion is much needed and becomes a natural option. Here, we proposed a fusion with reference model called "multi-site canonical correlation analysis with reference + joint-independent component analysis" (MCCAR+jICA), which can precisely identify co-varying multimodal imaging patterns closely related to the reference, such as cognitive scores. In a three-way fusion simulation, the proposed method was compared with its alternatives on multiple facets; MCCAR+jICA outperforms others with higher estimation precision and high accuracy on identifying a target component with the right correspondence. In human imaging data, working memory performance was utilized as a reference to investigate the co-varying working memory-associated brain patterns among three modalities and how they are impaired in schizophrenia. Two independent cohorts (294 and 83 subjects respectively) were used. Similar brain maps were identified between the two cohorts along with substantial overlaps in the central executive network in fMRI, salience network in sMRI, and major white matter tracts in dMRI. These regions have been linked with working memory deficits in schizophrenia in multiple reports and MCCAR+jICA further verified them in a repeatable, joint manner, demonstrating the ability of the proposed method to identify potential neuromarkers for mental disorders.
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Hunter SA, Lawrie SM. Imaging and Genetic Biomarkers Predicting Transition to Psychosis. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2018; 40:353-388. [PMID: 29626338 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in schizophrenia care and treatment is the focus of many within the research community. Longitudinal cohorts of patients presenting at elevated genetic and clinical risk have provided a wealth of data that has informed our understanding of the development of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.Imaging follow-up of high-risk cohorts has demonstrated changes in cerebral grey matter of those that eventually transition to schizophrenia that predate the onset of symptoms and evolve over the course of illness. Longitudinal follow-up studies demonstrate that observed grey matter changes can be employed to differentiate those who will transition to schizophrenia from those who will not prior to the onset of the disorder.In recent years our understanding of the genetic makeup of schizophrenia has advanced significantly. The development of modern analysis techniques offers researchers the ability to objectively quantify genetic risk; these have been successfully applied within a high-risk paradigm to assist in differentiating between high-risk individuals who will subsequently become unwell and those who will not.This chapter will discuss the application of imaging and genetic biomarkers within high-risk groups to predict future transition to schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. We aim to provide an overview of current approaches focussing on grey matter changes that are predictive of future transition to illness, the developing field of genetic risk scores and other methods being developed to aid clinicians in diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Hunter
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder lacking an effective treatment option for the pervasive and debilitating cognitive impairments experienced by patients. Working memory is a core cognitive function impaired in schizophrenia that depends upon activation of distributed neural network, including the circuitry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Accordingly, individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia show reduced DLPFC activation while performing working-memory tasks. This lower DLPFC activation appears to be an integral part of the disease pathophysiology, and not simply a reflection of poor performance. Thus, the cellular and circuitry alterations that underlie lower DLPFC neuronal activity in schizophrenia must be determined in order to identify appropriate therapeutic targets. Studies using human postmortem brain tissue provide a robust way to investigate and characterize these cellular and circuitry alterations at multiple levels of resolution, and such studies provide essential information that cannot be obtained either through in vivo studies in humans or through experimental animal models. Studies examining neuronal morphology, protein expression and localization, and transcript levels indicate that a microcircuit composed of excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin is altered in the DLPFC of subjects with schizophrenia and likely contributes to DLPFC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R Glausier
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Webster MJ, Kim S. Collecting, storing, and mining research data in a brain bank. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 150:167-179. [PMID: 29496139 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63639-3.00013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Stanley Medical Research Institute Brain Collection distributes samples from specified cohorts that contain demographically matched groups of subjects with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression, as well as unaffected controls. The groups are matched by age, sex, race, postmortem interval, pH, side of brain, and mRNA quality. The samples are distributed coded so that all data must be returned in order to obtain the demographic information. The database contains more than 5000 individual data sets, as well as data from high-throughput microarray, sequencing, and proteomic studies. While most data were generated from the frontal cortex and hippocampus, the cerebellum has the most data sets that differ significantly between diagnostic groups and controls. The database contains interactive features and statistical tools that enable online data mining and real-time data analysis. The decrease in density of parvalbumin-positive neurons in schizophrenia, one of the most replicated findings in the field, is used to illustrate features of the brain bank. We describe how this finding can be replicated and validated in this database. We also show how the density of parvalbumin-positive neurons is correlated with markers of immune activation in the neuropathology data sets, how it is correlated with immune-related genes in a microarray data set, and how it is associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the immune complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree J Webster
- Stanley Medical Research Institute, Laboratory of Brain Research, Rockville, MD, United States.
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Stanley Medical Research Institute, Laboratory of Brain Research, Rockville, MD, United States
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Zouraraki C, Karamaouna P, Karagiannopoulou L, Giakoumaki SG. Schizotypy-Independent and Schizotypy-Modulated Cognitive Impairments in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia-spectrum Patients. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:1010-1025. [PMID: 28383650 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to compare the neurocognitive profile of unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients with control individuals, controlling for different schizotypal traits. Method One hundred and fifteen adult unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia-spectrum patients and 122 controls were tested for schizotypy with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. They also underwent a thorough neurocognitive assessment with a range of tasks covering several aspects of executive functioning. Between-group differences in cognition were examined first with multivariate analysis of variance and then with a series of multivariate analyses of covariance, including the schizotypal dimensions as covariates. Results The relatives had higher scores on all schizotypal dimensions compared with controls and poorer planning, problem solving, strategy formation and working memory, irrespective of schizotypal traits. They also scored lower in executive working memory and verbal fluency. The difference in executive working memory was sensitive to the effects of paranoid and negative schizotypy (both dimensions abolished the between-group difference) whereas the difference in verbal fluency was sensitive only to the effects of paranoid schizotypy. Neither cognitive-perceptual nor disorganized schizotypy accounted for any differences in neurocognition between relatives and the controls. Conclusions Impairments in planning, problem solving, strategy formation and working memory are "core" impairments in the schizophrenia-spectrum, possibly due to high heritability effects in these functions. Impairments in executive working memory and verbal fluency are associated with paranoid and negative schizotypy, possibly due to alterations in a common fronto-temporo-parietal neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Zouraraki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Penny Karamaouna
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Leda Karagiannopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno 74100, Crete, Greece
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O’Neill A, Bhattacharyya S. Investigating the Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Early Psychosis. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 2:85-92. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2017.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Song XL, Kim GW, Moon CM, Jeong GW. Comparative functional neuroanatomy between implicit and explicit memory tasks under negative emotional condition in schizophrenia. Clin Imaging 2017; 44:27-32. [PMID: 28395192 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the brain activation patterns in response to negative emotion during implicit and explicit memory in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy controls were included in this study. The 3.0T fMRI was obtained while the subjects performed the implicit and explicit retrievals with unpleasant words. RESULTS The different predominant brain activation areas were observed during the implicit retrieval and explicit with unpleasant words. CONCLUSION The differential neural mechanisms between implicit and explicit memory tasks associated with negative emotional processing in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Song
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Won Kim
- Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Man Moon
- Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Woo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Birur B, Kraguljac NV, Shelton RC, Lahti AC. Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder-a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:15. [PMID: 28560261 PMCID: PMC5441538 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-017-0013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since Emil Kraepelin's conceptualization of endogenous psychoses as dementia praecox and manic depression, the separation between primary psychotic disorders and primary affective disorders has been much debated. We conducted a systematic review of case-control studies contrasting magnetic resonance imaging studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A literature search in PubMed of studies published between January 2005 and December 2016 was conducted, and 50 structural, 29 functional, 7 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and 8 combined imaging and genetic studies were deemed eligible for systematic review. Structural neuroimaging studies suggest white matter integrity deficits that are consistent across the illnesses, while gray matter reductions appear more widespread in schizophrenia compared to bipolar disorder. Spectroscopy studies in cortical gray matter report evidence of decreased neuronal integrity in both disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies typically report similar functional architecture of brain networks in healthy controls and patients across the psychosis spectrum, but find differential extent of alterations in task related activation and resting state connectivity between illnesses. The very limited imaging-genetic literature suggests a relationship between psychosis risk genes and brain structure, and possible gene by diagnosis interaction effects on functional imaging markers. While the existing literature suggests some shared and some distinct neural markers in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it will be imperative to conduct large, well designed, multi-modal neuroimaging studies in medication-naïve first episode patients that will be followed longitudinally over the course of their illness in an effort to advance our understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badari Birur
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Nina Vanessa Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Richard C. Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Adrienne Carol Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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Godwin D, Ji A, Kandala S, Mamah D. Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Brain Networks in Schizophrenia during a Working Memory Task. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:294. [PMID: 29312020 PMCID: PMC5743938 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Task-based connectivity studies facilitate the understanding of how the brain functions during cognition, which is commonly impaired in schizophrenia (SZ). Our aim was to investigate functional connectivity during a working memory task in SZ. We hypothesized that the task-negative (default mode) network and the cognitive control (frontoparietal) network would show dysconnectivity. Twenty-five SZ patient and 31 healthy control scans were collected using the customized 3T Siemens Skyra MRI scanner, previously used to collect data for the Human Connectome Project. Blood oxygen level dependent signal during the 0-back and 2-back conditions were extracted within a network-based parcelation scheme. Average functional connectivity was assessed within five brain networks: frontoparietal (FPN), default mode (DMN), cingulo-opercular (CON), dorsal attention (DAN), and ventral attention network; as well as between the DMN or FPN and other networks. For within-FPN connectivity, there was a significant interaction between n-back condition and group (p = 0.015), with decreased connectivity at 0-back in SZ subjects compared to controls. FPN-to-DMN connectivity also showed a significant condition × group effect (p = 0.003), with decreased connectivity at 0-back in SZ. Across groups, connectivity within the CON and DAN were increased during the 2-back condition, while DMN connectivity with either CON or DAN were decreased during the 2-back condition. Our findings support the role of the FPN, CON, and DAN in working memory and indicate that the pattern of FPN functional connectivity differs between SZ patients and control subjects during the course of a working memory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglass Godwin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Berger B, Minarik T, Griesmayr B, Stelzig-Schoeler R, Aichhorn W, Sauseng P. Brain Oscillatory Correlates of Altered Executive Functioning in Positive and Negative Symptomatic Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Controls. Front Psychol 2016; 7:705. [PMID: 27242617 PMCID: PMC4861861 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Working Memory and executive functioning deficits are core characteristics of patients suffering from schizophrenia. Electrophysiological research indicates that altered patterns of neural oscillatory mechanisms underpinning executive functioning are associated with the psychiatric disorder. Such brain oscillatory changes have been found in local amplitude differences at gamma and theta frequencies in task-specific cortical areas. Moreover, interregional interactions are also disrupted as signified by decreased phase coherence of fronto-posterior theta activity in schizophrenia patients. However, schizophrenia is not a one-dimensional psychiatric disorder but has various forms and expressions. A common distinction is between positive and negative symptomatology but most patients have both negative and positive symptoms to some extent. Here, we examined three groups—healthy controls, predominantly negative, and predominantly positive symptomatic schizophrenia patients—when performing a working memory task with increasing cognitive demand and increasing need for executive control. We analyzed brain oscillatory activity in the three groups separately and investigated how predominant symptomatology might explain differences in brain oscillatory patterns. Our results indicate that differences in task specific fronto-posterior network activity (i.e., executive control network) expressed by interregional phase synchronization are able to account for working memory dysfunctions between groups. Local changes in the theta and gamma frequency range also show differences between patients and healthy controls, and more importantly, between the two patient groups. We conclude that differences in oscillatory brain activation patterns related to executive processing can be an indicator for positive and negative symptomatology in schizophrenia. Furthermore, changes in cognitive and especially executive functioning in patients are expressed by alterations in a task-specific fronto-posterior connectivity even in the absence of behavioral impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Berger
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Tamas Minarik
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Griesmayr
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg Salzburg, Austria
| | - Renate Stelzig-Schoeler
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Doppler-Clinic, Paracelsus-Medical Private University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Doppler-Clinic, Paracelsus-Medical Private University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Paul Sauseng
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
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Meng Y, Hu X, Bachevalier J, Zhang X. Decreased functional connectivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortical networks in adult macaques with neonatal hippocampal lesions: Relations to visual working memory deficits. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 134 Pt A:31-37. [PMID: 27063864 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hippocampal lesions in monkeys impairs normal performance on both relational and working memory tasks, suggesting that the early lesions have impacted the normal development of prefrontal-hippocampal functional interactions necessary for normal performance on these tasks. Given that working memory processes engage distributed neuronal networks associated with the prefrontal cortex, it is critical to explore the integrity of distributed neural networks of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) following neonatal hippocampal lesions in monkeys. We used resting-state functional MRI to assess functional connectivity of dlPFC networks in monkeys with neonatal neurotoxic hippocampal lesion (Neo-Hibo, n=4) and sham-operated control animals (Neo-C, n=4). Significant differences in the patterns of dlPFC functional networks were found between Groups Neo-Hibo and Neo-C. The within-group maps and the between-group comparisons yielded a highly coherent picture showing altered interactions of core regions of the working memory network (medial prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex) as well as the dorsal (fundus of superior temporal area and superior temporal cortex) and ventral (V4 and infero-temporal cortex) visual processing areas in animals with Neo-Hibo lesions. Correlations between functional connectivity changes and working memory impairment in the same animals were found only between the dlPFC and visual cortical areas (V4 and infero-temporal cortex). Thus, the impact of the neonatal hippocampal lesions extends to multiple cortical areas interconnected with the dlPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Meng
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jocelyne Bachevalier
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Demeter K, Török B, Fodor A, Varga J, Ferenczi S, Kovács KJ, Eszik I, Szegedi V, Zelena D. Possible contribution of epigenetic changes in the development of schizophrenia-like behavior in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 300:123-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ballinger MD, Saito A, Abazyan B, Taniguchi Y, Huang CH, Ito K, Zhu X, Segal H, Jaaro-Peled H, Sawa A, Mackie K, Pletnikov MV, Kamiya A. Adolescent cannabis exposure interacts with mutant DISC1 to produce impaired adult emotional memory. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:176-184. [PMID: 26093170 PMCID: PMC4640936 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is an increasingly popular and controversial drug used worldwide. Cannabis use often begins during adolescence, a highly susceptible period for environmental stimuli to alter functional and structural organization of the developing brain. Given that adolescence is a critical time for the emergence of mental illnesses before full-onset in early adulthood, it is particularly important to investigate how genetic insults and adolescent cannabis exposure interact to affect brain development and function. Here we show for the first time that a perturbation in disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) exacerbates the response to adolescent exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC), a major psychoactive ingredient of cannabis, consistent with the concept that gene-environment interaction may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions. We found that chronic adolescent treatment with Δ(9)-THC exacerbates deficits in fear-associated memory in adult mice that express a putative dominant-negative mutant of DISC1 (DN-DISC1). Synaptic expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) is down-regulated in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, critical brain regions for fear-associated memory, by either expression of DN-DISC1 or adolescent Δ(9)-THC treatment. Notably, elevation of c-Fos expression evoked by context-dependent fear memory retrieval is impaired in these brain regions in DN-DISC1 mice. We also found a synergistic reduction of c-Fos expression induced by cue-dependent fear memory retrieval in DN-DISC1 with adolescent Δ(9)-THC exposure. These results suggest that alteration of CB1R-mediated signaling in DN-DISC1 mice may underlie susceptibility to detrimental effects of adolescent cannabis exposure on adult behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Ballinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bagrat Abazyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Taniguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ching-Hsun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koki Ito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hadar Segal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Jaaro-Peled
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Brandt CL, Doan NT, Tønnesen S, Agartz I, Hugdahl K, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Assessing brain structural associations with working-memory related brain patterns in schizophrenia and healthy controls using linked independent component analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 9:253-63. [PMID: 26509112 PMCID: PMC4576364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a psychotic disorder with significant cognitive dysfunction. Abnormal brain activation during cognitive processing has been reported, both in task-positive and task-negative networks. Further, structural cortical and subcortical brain abnormalities have been documented, but little is known about how task-related brain activation is associated with brain anatomy in SZ compared to healthy controls (HC). Utilizing linked independent component analysis (LICA), a data-driven multimodal analysis approach, we investigated structure-function associations in a large sample of SZ (n = 96) and HC (n = 142). We tested for associations between task-positive (fronto-parietal) and task-negative (default-mode) brain networks derived from fMRI activation during an n-back working memory task, and brain structural measures of surface area, cortical thickness, and gray matter volume, and to what extent these associations differed in SZ compared to HC. A significant association (p < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons) was found between a component reflecting the task-positive fronto-parietal network and another component reflecting cortical thickness in fronto-temporal brain regions in SZ, indicating increased activation with increased thickness. Other structure-function associations across, between and within groups were generally moderate and significant at a nominal p-level only, with more numerous and stronger associations in SZ compared to HC. These results indicate a complex pattern of moderate associations between brain activation during cognitive processing and brain morphometry, and extend previous findings of fronto-temporal brain abnormalities in SZ by suggesting a coupling between cortical thickness of these brain regions and working memory-related brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lycke Brandt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siren Tønnesen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Diakonhjemmet, Norway ; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway ; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukeland, Norway ; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukeland, Norway ; KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Cacciari C, Pesciarelli F, Gamberoni T, Ferlazzo F, Russo LL, Pedrazzi F, Melati E. Is black always the opposite of white? An investigation on the comprehension of antonyms in people with schizophrenia and in healthy participants. Behav Sci (Basel) 2015; 5:93-112. [PMID: 25760930 PMCID: PMC4384065 DOI: 10.3390/bs5010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation sought to expand our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying the recognition of antonyms and to evaluate whether these processes differed in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls. Antonymy is the most robust of the lexico-semantic relations and is relevant to both the mental organization of the lexicon and the organization of coherent discourse, as attested by the resurgence of interest in antonymy in the linguistic and psychological domains. In contrast, the vast literature on semantic processing in schizophrenia almost ignored antonymy. In this study, we tested the online comprehension of antonyms in 39 Italian patients with paranoid schizophrenia and in an equal number of pairwise-matched healthy controls. Participants read a definitional sentence fragment (e.g., the opposite of black is), followed by the correct antonym (white) or by a semantically unrelated word (nice), and judged whether or not the target word was correct. Patients were rather accurate in identifying antonyms, but compared to controls, they showed longer response times and higher priming scores, suggesting an exaggerated contextual facilitation. Presumably, this reflects a deficient controlled semantic processing and an overreliance on stored semantic representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cacciari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neurological Sciences, University of Modena, Via Campi 287, Modena 41100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Pesciarelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neurological Sciences, University of Modena, Via Campi 287, Modena 41100, Italy.
| | - Tania Gamberoni
- Centro Salute Mentale, Via Martiri 63, Pavullo 41126, Italy.
- Villa Igea Private Hospital, Via Stradella 73, Modena 41100, Italy.
| | - Fabio Ferlazzo
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Leo Lo Russo
- Villa Igea Private Hospital, Via Stradella 73, Modena 41100, Italy.
| | | | - Ermanno Melati
- Centro Salute Mentale Polo Ovest, Via Newton 150, Modena 41126, Italy.
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Hutcheson NL, Sreenivasan KR, Deshpande G, Reid MA, Hadley J, White DM, Ver Hoef L, Lahti AC. Effective connectivity during episodic memory retrieval in schizophrenia participants before and after antipsychotic medication. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:1442-57. [PMID: 25504918 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment in episodic memory is one of the most robust findings in schizophrenia. Disruptions of fronto-temporal functional connectivity that could explain some aspects of these deficits have been reported. Recent work has identified abnormal hippocampal function in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ), such as increased metabolism and glutamate content that are not always seen in medicated SZ. For these reasons, we hypothesized that altered fronto-temporal connectivity might originate from the hippocampus and might be partially restored by antipsychotic medication. METHODS Granger causality methods were used to evaluate the effective connectivity between frontal and temporal regions in 21 unmedicated SZ and 20 matched healthy controls (HC) during performance of an episodic memory retrieval task. In 16 SZ, effective connectivity between these regions was evaluated before and after 1-week of antipsychotic treatment. RESULTS In HC, significant effective connectivity originating from the right hippocampus to frontal regions was identified. Compared to HC, unmedicated SZ showed significant altered fronto-temporal effective connectivity, including reduced right hippocampal to right medial frontal connectivity. After 1-week of antipsychotic treatment, connectivity more closely resembled the patterns observed in HC, including increased effective connectivity from the right hippocampus to frontal regions. CONCLUSIONS These results support the notion that memory disruption in schizophrenia might originate from hippocampal dysfunction and that medication restores some aspects of fronto-temporal dysconnectivity. Patterns of fronto-temporal connectivity could provide valuable biomarkers to identify new treatments for the symptoms of schizophrenia, including memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Hutcheson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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