1
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Vue Z, Vang C, Wanjalla CN, Marshall AG, Neikirk K, Stephens D, Perales S, Garza-Lopez E, Beasley HK, Kirabo A, Doe YJ, Campbell D, Fears L, Alghanem A, Scudese E, Owens B, Morton DJ, Williams CR, Conley Z, Antentor H. A workshop to enrich physiological understanding through hands-on learning about mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2024; 48:808-817. [PMID: 39236104 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00271.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Physiology is an important field for students to gain a better understanding of biological mechanisms. Yet, many students often find it difficult to learn from lectures, resulting in poor retention. Here, we utilize a learning workshop model to teach students at different levels ranging from middle school to undergraduate. We specifically designed a workshop to teach students about mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact (MERC) sites. The workshop was implemented for middle school students in a laboratory setting that incorporated a pretest to gauge prior knowledge, instructional time, hands-on activities, interactive learning from experts, and a posttest. We observed that the students remained engaged during the session of interactive methods, teamed with their peers to complete tasks, and delighted in the experience. Implications for the design of future physiological workshops are further offered.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This manuscript offers a design for a workshop that utilizes blended learning to engage middle school, high school, and undergraduate students while teaching them about mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Chia Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sulema Perales
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yelena Janumyan Doe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Desmond Campbell
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Letimicia Fears
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ahmad Alghanem
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ali Al Arini, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Beverly Owens
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland Early College High School, Shelby, North Carolina, United States
| | - Derrick J Morton
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Clintoria R Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Zachary Conley
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hinton Antentor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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2
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Berner MJ, Beasley HK, Vue Z, Lane A, Vang L, Baek ML, Marshall AG, Killion M, Zeleke F, Shao B, Parker D, Peterson A, Rhoades JS, Scudese E, Dobrolecki LE, Lewis MT, Hinton A, Echeverria GV. Three-dimensional analysis of mitochondria in a patient-derived xenograft model of triple negative breast cancer reveals mitochondrial network remodeling following chemotherapy treatments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.09.611245. [PMID: 39314272 PMCID: PMC11419075 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.09.611245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are hubs of metabolism and signaling and play an important role in tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis in many cancer types. Various laboratory models of cancer demonstrate the extraordinary dynamics of mitochondrial structure, but little is known about the role of mitochondrial structure in resistance to anticancer therapy. We previously demonstrated the importance of mitochondrial structure and oxidative phosphorylation in the survival of chemotherapy-refractory triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. As TNBC is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype with few targeted therapy options, conventional chemotherapies remain the backbone of early TNBC treatment. Unfortunately, approximately 45% of TNBC patients retain substantial residual tumor burden following chemotherapy, associated with abysmal prognoses. Using an orthotopic patient-derived xenograft mouse model of human TNBC, we compared mitochondrial structures between treatment-naïve tumors and residual tumors after conventional chemotherapeutics were administered singly or in combination. We reconstructed 1,750 mitochondria in three dimensions from serial block-face scanning electron micrographs, providing unprecedented insights into the complexity and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of mitochondria in TNBC. Following exposure to carboplatin or docetaxel given individually, residual tumor mitochondria exhibited significant increases in mitochondrial complexity index, area, volume, perimeter, width, and length relative to treatment-naïve tumor mitochondria. In contrast, residual tumors exposed to those chemotherapies given in combination exhibited diminished mitochondrial structure changes. Further, we document extensive intra-tumoral heterogeneity of mitochondrial structure, especially prior to chemotherapeutic exposure. These results highlight the potential for structure-based monitoring of chemotherapeutic responses and reveal potential molecular mechanisms that underlie chemotherapeutic resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah J. Berner
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Audra Lane
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mokryun L. Baek
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Faben Zeleke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dominque Parker
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Autumn Peterson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie Sterling Rhoades
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lacey E. Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael T. Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gloria V. Echeverria
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Guttipatti P, Saadallah N, Ji R, Avula UMR, Goulbourne CN, Wan EY. Quantitative 3D electron microscopy characterization of mitochondrial structure, mitophagy, and organelle interactions in murine atrial fibrillation. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108110. [PMID: 39009246 PMCID: PMC11381154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical arrhythmia, however there is limited understanding of its pathophysiology including the cellular and ultrastructural changes rendered by the irregular rhythm, which limits pharmacological therapy development. Prior work has demonstrated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of AF. Mitochondrial structure, interactions with other organelles such as sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and T-tubules (TT), and degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy are important processes to understand ultrastructural changes due to AF. However, most analysis of mitochondrial structure and interactome in AF has been limited to two-dimensional (2D) modalities such as transmission electron microscopy (EM), which does not fully visualize the morphological evolution of the mitochondria during mitophagy. Herein, we utilize focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and perform reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) EM from murine left atrial samples and measure the interactions of mitochondria with SR and TT. We developed a novel 3D quantitative analysis of FIB-SEM in a murine model of AF to quantify mitophagy stage, mitophagosome size in cardiomyocytes, and mitochondrial structural remodeling when compared with control mice. We show that in our murine model of spontaneous and continuous AF due to persistent late sodium current, left atrial cardiomyocytes have heterogenous mitochondria, with a significant number which are enlarged with increased elongation and structural complexity. Mitophagosomes in AF cardiomyocytes are located at Z-lines where they neighbor large, elongated mitochondria. Mitochondria in AF cardiomyocytes show increased organelle interaction, with 5X greater contact area with SR and are 4X as likely to interact with TT when compared to control. We show that mitophagy in AF cardiomyocytes involves 2.5X larger mitophagosomes that carry increased organelle contents. In conclusion, when oxidative stress overcomes compensatory mechanisms, mitophagy in AF faces a challenge of degrading bulky complex mitochondria, which may result in increased SR and TT contacts, perhaps allowing for mitochondrial Ca2+ maintenance and antioxidant production.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mitophagy
- Mice
- Atrial Fibrillation/metabolism
- Atrial Fibrillation/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Mitochondria/ultrastructure
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/pathology
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
- Male
- Disease Models, Animal
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithran Guttipatti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Najla Saadallah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Ruiping Ji
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Uma Mahesh R Avula
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, United States.
| | - Christopher N Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.
| | - Elaine Y Wan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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4
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Crabtree A, Neikirk K, Pinette JA, Whiteside A, Shao B, Bedenbaugh J, Vue Z, Vang L, Le H, Demirci M, Ahmad T, Owens TC, Oliver A, Zeleke F, Beasley HK, Lopez EG, Scudese E, Rodman T, Kabugi K, Koh A, Navarro S, Lam J, Kirk B, Mungai M, Sweetwyne M, Koh HJ, Zaganjor E, Damo SM, Gaddy JA, Kirabo A, Murray SA, Cooper A, Williams C, McReynolds MR, Marshall AG, Hinton A. Quantitative assessment of morphological changes in lipid droplets and lipid-mito interactions with aging in brown adipose. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39138923 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The physical characteristics of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are defined by the presence of multilocular lipid droplets (LDs) within the brown adipocytes and a high abundance of iron-containing mitochondria, which give it its characteristic color. Normal mitochondrial function is, in part, regulated by organelle-to-organelle contacts. For example, the contact sites that mediate mitochondria-LD interactions are thought to have various physiological roles, such as the synthesis and metabolism of lipids. Aging is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, and previous studies show that there are changes in mitochondrial structure and the proteins that modulate organelle contact sites. However, how mitochondria-LD interactions change with aging has yet to be fully clarified. Therefore, we sought to define age-related changes in LD morphology and mitochondria-lipid interactions in BAT. We examined the three-dimensional morphology of mitochondria and LDs in young (3-month) and aged (2-year) murine BAT using serial block face-scanning electron microscopy and the Amira program for segmentation, analysis, and quantification. Our analyses showed reductions in LD volume, area, and perimeter in aged samples in comparison to young samples. Additionally, we observed changes in LD appearance and type in aged samples compared to young samples. Notably, we found differences in mitochondrial interactions with LDs, which could implicate that these contacts may be important for energetics in aging. Upon further investigation, we also found changes in mitochondrial and cristae structure for the mitochondria interacting with LDs. Overall, these data define the nature of LD morphology and organelle-organelle contacts during aging and provide insight into LD contact site changes that interconnect biogerontology with mitochondrial function, metabolism, and bioactivity in aged BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- The Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia A Pinette
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Bedenbaugh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mert Demirci
- Department of Medicine, Division Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taseer Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Trinity Celeste Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Faben Zeleke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taylor Rodman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Suzanne Navarro
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ben Kirk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mariya Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthonya Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clintoria Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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5
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Shao B, Killion M, Oliver A, Vang C, Zeleke F, Neikirk K, Vue Z, Garza-Lopez E, Shao JQ, Mungai M, Lam J, Williams Q, Altamura CT, Whiteside A, Kabugi K, McKenzie J, Ezedimma M, Le H, Koh A, Scudese E, Vang L, Marshall AG, Crabtree A, Tanghal JI, Stephens D, Koh HJ, Jenkins BC, Murray SA, Cooper AT, Williams C, Damo SM, McReynolds MR, Gaddy JA, Wanjalla CN, Beasley HK, Hinton A. Ablation of Sam50 is associated with fragmentation and alterations in metabolism in murine and human myotubes. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31293. [PMID: 38770789 PMCID: PMC11324413 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) Complex is responsible for assembling β-barrel proteins in the mitochondrial membrane. Comprising three subunits, Sam35, Sam37, and Sam50, the SAM complex connects the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes by interacting with the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system complex. Sam50, in particular, stabilizes the mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging (MIB) complex, which is crucial for protein transport, respiratory chain complex assembly, and regulation of cristae integrity. While the role of Sam50 in mitochondrial structure and metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear, this study aims to investigate its impact. Serial block-face-scanning electron microscopy and computer-assisted 3D renderings were employed to compare mitochondrial structure and networking in Sam50-deficient myotubes from mice and humans with wild-type (WT) myotubes. Furthermore, autophagosome 3D structure was assessed in human myotubes. Mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes were assessed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based metabolomics to explore differential changes in WT and Sam50-deficient myotubes. The results revealed increased mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagosome formation in Sam50-deficient myotubes compared to controls. Metabolomic analysis indicated elevated metabolism of propanoate and several amino acids, including ß-Alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, along with increased amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in Sam50-deficient myotubes. Furthermore, impairment of oxidative capacity was observed upon Sam50 ablation in both murine and human myotubes, as measured with the XF24 Seahorse Analyzer. Collectively, these findings support the critical role of Sam50 in establishing and maintaining mitochondrial integrity, cristae structure, and mitochondrial metabolism. By elucidating the impact of Sam50-deficiency, this study enhances our understanding of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chia Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Faben Zeleke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jian-Qiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Qiana Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christopher T Altamura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica McKenzie
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Ezedimma
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brenita C Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthonya T Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clintoria Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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6
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Teshigahara A, Banba Y, Yoshida H, Kaji M, Zhou Z, Koyama N, Sakai Y, Karrow NA, Ogasawara K, Hirakawa R, Islam J, Furukawa M, Nochi T. Formation of the junctions between lymph follicles in the Peyer's patches even before postweaning activation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15783. [PMID: 38982122 PMCID: PMC11233632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Peyer's patches (PPs), which contain an abundance of B and T cells, play a key role in inducing pivotal immune responses in the intestinal tract. PPs are defined as aggregated lymph follicles, which consist of multiple lymph follicles (LFs) that may interact with each other in a synergistic manner. LFs are thought to be spherical in shape; however, the characteristics of their structure are not fully understood. To elucidate changes in the structure of PPs as individuals grow, we generated serial 2D sections from entire PPs harvested from mice at 2, 4, and 10 weeks of age and performed a 3D analysis using a software, Amira. Although the number of LFs in PPs was not changed throughout the experiment, the volume and surface area of LFs increased significantly, indicating that LFs in PPs develop continuously by recruiting immune cells, even after weaning. In response to the dramatic changes in the intestinal environment after weaning, the development of germinal centers (GCs) in LFs was observed at 4 and 10 weeks (but not 2 weeks) of age. In addition, GCs gradually began to form away from the center of LFs and close to the muscle layer where export lymphatic vessels develop. Importantly, each LF was joined to the adjacent LF; this feature was observed even in preweaning nonactivated PPs. These results suggest that PPs may have a unique organization and structure that enhance immune functions, allowing cells in LFs to have free access to adjacent LFs and egress smoothly from PPs to the periphery upon stimulation after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anri Teshigahara
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuri Banba
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yoshida
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuji Kaji
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Zhou Zhou
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Nao Koyama
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sakai
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Niel A Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kouetsu Ogasawara
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryota Hirakawa
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Jahidul Islam
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Furukawa
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
- Laboratory of Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Laboratory of Animal Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
- Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Center for Professional Development, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8576, Japan.
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7
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Hinton A, Claypool SM, Neikirk K, Senoo N, Wanjalla CN, Kirabo A, Williams CR. Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Human Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 135:372-396. [PMID: 38963864 PMCID: PMC11225798 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite clinical and scientific advancements, heart failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation contribute to the development and progression of heart failure. Although inflammation is crucial to reparative healing following acute cardiomyocyte injury, chronic inflammation damages the heart, impairs function, and decreases cardiac output. Mitochondria, which comprise one third of cardiomyocyte volume, may prove a potential therapeutic target for heart failure. Known primarily for energy production, mitochondria are also involved in other processes including calcium homeostasis and the regulation of cellular apoptosis. Mitochondrial function is closely related to morphology, which alters through mitochondrial dynamics, thus ensuring that the energy needs of the cell are met. However, in heart failure, changes in substrate use lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired myocyte function. This review discusses mitochondrial and cristae dynamics, including the role of the mitochondria contact site and cristae organizing system complex in mitochondrial ultrastructure changes. Additionally, this review covers the role of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, mitochondrial communication via nanotunnels, and altered metabolite production during heart failure. We highlight these often-neglected factors and promising clinical mitochondrial targets for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.H., K.N.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M.C., N.S.)
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.H., K.N.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M.C., N.S.)
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (C.N.W., A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (C.N.W., A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology (A.K.)
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation (A.K.)
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health (A.K.)
| | - Clintoria R. Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH (C.R.W.)
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8
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Vue Z, Murphy A, Le H, Neikirk K, Garza-Lopez E, Marshall AG, Mungai M, Jenkins B, Vang L, Beasley HK, Ezedimma M, Manus S, Whiteside A, Forni MF, Harris C, Crabtree A, Albritton CF, Jamison S, Demirci M, Prasad P, Oliver A, Actkins KV, Shao J, Zaganjor E, Scudese E, Rodriguez B, Koh A, Rabago I, Moore JE, Nguyen D, Aftab M, Kirk B, Li Y, Wandira N, Ahmad T, Saleem M, Kadam A, Katti P, Koh HJ, Evans C, Koo YD, Wang E, Smith Q, Tomar D, Williams CR, Sweetwyne MT, Quintana AM, Phillips MA, Hubert D, Kirabo A, Dash C, Jadiya P, Kinder A, Ajijola OA, Miller-Fleming TW, McReynolds MR, Hinton A. MICOS Complex Loss Governs Age-Associated Murine Mitochondrial Architecture and Metabolism in the Liver, While Sam50 Dictates Diet Changes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599846. [PMID: 38979162 PMCID: PMC11230271 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The liver, the largest internal organ and a metabolic hub, undergoes significant declines due to aging, affecting mitochondrial function and increasing the risk of systemic liver diseases. How the mitochondrial three-dimensional (3D) structure changes in the liver across aging, and the biological mechanisms regulating such changes confers remain unclear. In this study, we employed Serial Block Face-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM) to achieve high-resolution 3D reconstructions of murine liver mitochondria to observe diverse phenotypes and structural alterations that occur with age, marked by a reduction in size and complexity. We also show concomitant metabolomic and lipidomic changes in aged samples. Aged human samples reflected altered disease risk. To find potential regulators of this change, we examined the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System (MICOS) complex, which plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial architecture. We observe that the MICOS complex is lost during aging, but not Sam50. Sam50 is a component of the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex that acts in tandem with the MICOS complex to modulate cristae morphology. In murine models subjected to a high-fat diet, there is a marked depletion of the mitochondrial protein SAM50. This reduction in Sam50 expression may heighten the susceptibility to liver disease, as our human biobank studies corroborate that Sam50 plays a genetically regulated role in the predisposition to multiple liver diseases. We further show that changes in mitochondrial calcium dysregulation and oxidative stress accompany the disruption of the MICOS complex. Together, we establish that a decrease in mitochondrial complexity and dysregulated metabolism occur with murine liver aging. While these changes are partially be regulated by age-related loss of the MICOS complex, the confluence of a murine high-fat diet can also cause loss of Sam50, which contributes to liver diseases. In summary, our study reveals potential regulators that affect age-related changes in mitochondrial structure and metabolism, which can be targeted in future therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alexandria Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Brenita Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mariaassumpta Ezedimma
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sasha Manus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Chanel Harris
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Claude F. Albritton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sydney Jamison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mert Demirci
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Praveena Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ky’Era V. Actkins
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Izabella Rabago
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Johnathan E. Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Desiree Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin Kirk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Yahang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nelson Wandira
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Taseer Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab,40100, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, 517619, India
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Chantell Evans
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Young Do Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA1
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab,40100, Pakistan
| | - Clintoria R. Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Mariya T. Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Anita M. Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A. Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - David Hubert
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - André Kinder
- Artur Sá Earp Neto University Center – UNIFASE-FMP, Petrópolis Medical School, Brazil
| | - Olujimi A. Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyne W. Miller-Fleming
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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9
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Beasley HK, Vue Z, McReynolds MR, Garza-Lopez E, Neikirk K, Mungai M, Marshall AG, Shao B, Benjamin JI, Wanjalla CN, Williams CR, Murray SA, Jordan VK, Shuler HD, Kirabo A, Hinton A. Running a successful STEMM summer program: A week-by-week guide. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31227. [PMID: 38462753 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
While some established undergraduate summer programs are effective across many institutions, these programs may only be available to some principal investigators or may not fully address the diverse needs of incoming undergraduates. This article outlines a 10-week science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) education program designed to prepare undergraduate students for graduate school through a unique model incorporating mentoring dyads and triads, cultural exchanges, and diverse activities while emphasizing critical thinking, research skills, and cultural sensitivity. Specifically, we offer a straightforward and adaptable guide that we have used for mentoring undergraduate students in a laboratory focused on mitochondria and microscopy, but which may be customized for other disciplines. Key components include self-guided projects, journal clubs, various weekly activities such as mindfulness training and laboratory techniques, and a focus on individual and cultural expression. Beyond this unique format, this 10-week program also seeks to offer an intensive research program that emulates graduate-level experiences, offering an immersive environment for personal and professional development, which has led to numerous achievements for past students, including publications and award-winning posters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jazmine I Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Clintoria R Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Haysetta D Shuler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Shuler Consulting, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Kolotuev I. Work smart, not hard: How array tomography can help increase the ultrastructure data output. J Microsc 2024; 295:42-60. [PMID: 37626455 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy has been essential for understanding cell biology for over six decades. Volume electron microscopy tools, such as serial block face and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy acquisition, brought a new era to ultrastructure analysis. 'Array Tomography' (AT) refers to sequential image acquisition of resin-embedded sample sections on a large support (coverslip, glass slide, silicon wafers) for immunolabelling with multiple fluorescent labels, occasionally combined with ultrastructure observation. Subsequently, the term was applied to generating and imaging a series of sections to acquire a 3D representation of a structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although this is a valuable application, the potential of AT is to facilitate many tasks that are difficult or even impossible to obtain by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Due to the straightforward nature and versatility of AT sample preparation and image acquisition, the technique can be applied practically to any biological sample for selected sections or volume electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, in addition to the benefits described here, AT is compatible with morphological analysis, multiplex immunolabelling, immune-gold labelling, and correlative light and electron microscopy workflow applicable for single cells, tissue and small organisms. This versatility makes AT attractive not only for basic research but as a diagnostic tool with a simplified routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kolotuev
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Vue Z, Prasad P, Le H, Neikirk K, Harris C, Garza-Lopez E, Wang E, Murphy A, Jenkins B, Vang L, Scudese E, Shao B, Kadam A, Shao J, Marshall AG, Crabtree A, Kirk B, Koh A, Wilson G, Oliver A, Rodman T, Kabugi K, Koh HJ, Smith Q, Zaganjor E, Wanjalla CN, Dash C, Evans C, Phillips MA, Hubert D, Ajijola O, Whiteside A, Do Koo Y, Kinder A, Demirci M, Albritton CF, Wandira N, Jamison S, Ahmed T, Saleem M, Tomar D, Williams CR, Sweetwyne MT, Murray SA, Cooper A, Kirabo A, Jadiya P, Quintana A, Katti P, Fu Dai D, McReynolds MR, Hinton A. The MICOS Complex Regulates Mitochondrial Structure and Oxidative Stress During Age-Dependent Structural Deficits in the Kidney. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.09.598108. [PMID: 38915644 PMCID: PMC11195114 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.09.598108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The kidney filters nutrient waste and bodily fluids from the bloodstream, in addition to secondary functions of metabolism and hormone secretion, requiring an astonishing amount of energy to maintain its functions. In kidney cells, mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and help maintain kidney function. Due to aging, the efficiency of kidney functions begins to decrease. Dysfunction in mitochondria and cristae, the inner folds of mitochondria, is a hallmark of aging. Therefore, age-related kidney function decline could be due to changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and subsequent alterations in metabolism and lipid composition. We sought to understand if there is altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, as marked by 3D morphological changes, across time in tubular kidney cells. Serial block facing-scanning electron microscope (SBF-SEM) and manual segmentation using the Amira software were used to visualize murine kidney samples during the aging process at 3 months (young) and 2 years (old). We found that 2-year mitochondria are more fragmented, compared to the 3-month, with many uniquely shaped mitochondria observed across aging, concomitant with shifts in ROS, metabolomics, and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, we show that the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex is impaired in the kidney due to aging. Disruption of the MICOS complex shows altered mitochondrial calcium uptake and calcium retention capacity, as well as generation of oxidative stress. We found significant, detrimental structural changes to aged kidney tubule mitochondria suggesting a potential mechanism underlying why kidney diseases occur more readily with age. We hypothesize that disruption in the MICOS complex further exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction, creating a vicious cycle of mitochondrial degradation and oxidative stress, thus impacting kidney health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Praveena Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chanel Harris
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Alexandria Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Brenita Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin Kirk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Genesis Wilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Taylor Rodman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Chandravanu Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chantell Evans
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mark A. Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - David Hubert
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Olujimi Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Young Do Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - André Kinder
- Artur Sá Earp Neto University Center - UNIFASE-FMP, Petrópolis Medical School, Brazil
| | - Mert Demirci
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Claude F. Albritton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USA
| | - Nelson Wandira
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sydney Jamison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Taseer Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Clintoria R. Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Mariya T. Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sandra A. Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Anthonya Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anita Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, 517619, India
| | - Dao Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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12
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Scudese E, Vue Z, Katti P, Marshall AG, Demirci M, Vang L, López EG, Neikirk K, Shao B, Le H, Stephens D, Hall DD, Rostami R, Rodman T, Kabugi K, Harris C, Shao J, Mungai M, AshShareef ST, Hicsasmaz I, Manus S, Wanjalla C, Whiteside A, Dasari R, Williams C, Damo SM, Gaddy JA, Glancy B, Dantas EHM, Kinder A, Kadam A, Tomar D, Scartoni F, Baffi M, McReynolds MR, Phillips MA, Cooper A, Murray SA, Quintana AM, Exil V, Kirabo A, Mobley BC, Hinton A. 3D Mitochondrial Structure in Aging Human Skeletal Muscle: Insights into MFN-2 Mediated Changes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.13.566502. [PMID: 38168206 PMCID: PMC10760012 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Age-related atrophy of skeletal muscle, is characterized by loss of mass, strength, endurance, and oxidative capacity during aging. Notably, bioenergetics and protein turnover studies have shown that mitochondria mediate this decline in function. Although exercise has been the only therapy to mitigate sarcopenia, the mechanisms that govern how exercise serves to promote healthy muscle aging are unclear. Mitochondrial aging is associated with decreased mitochondrial capacity, so we sought to investigate how aging affects mitochondrial structure and potential age-related regulators. Specifically, the three-dimensional (3D) mitochondrial structure associated with morphological changes in skeletal muscle during aging requires further elucidation. We hypothesized that aging causes structural remodeling of mitochondrial 3D architecture representative of dysfunction, and this effect is mitigated by exercise. We used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to image human skeletal tissue samples, followed by manual contour tracing using Amira software for 3D reconstruction and subsequent analysis of mitochondria. We then applied a rigorous in vitro and in vivo exercise regimen during aging. Across 5 human cohorts, we correlate differences in magnetic resonance imaging, mitochondria 3D structure, exercise parameters, and plasma immune markers between young (under 50 years) and old (over 50 years) individuals. We found that mitochondria we less spherical and more complex, indicating age-related declines in contact site capacity. Additionally, aged samples showed a larger volume phenotype in both female and male humans, indicating potential mitochondrial swelling. Concomitantly, muscle area, exercise capacity, and mitochondrial dynamic proteins showed age-related losses. Exercise stimulation restored mitofusin 2 (MFN2), one such of these mitochondrial dynamic proteins, which we show is required for the integrity of mitochondrial structure. Furthermore, we show that this pathway is evolutionarily conserved as Marf, the MFN2 ortholog in Drosophila, knockdown alters mitochondrial morphology and leads to the downregulation of genes regulating mitochondrial processes. Our results define age-related structural changes in mitochondria and further suggest that exercise may mitigate age-related structural decline through modulation of mitofusin 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Brazil
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Prassana Katti
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, 517619, India
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mert Demirci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza López
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Duane D. Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Rahmati Rostami
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Taylor Rodman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chanel Harris
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Salma T. AshShareef
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Innes Hicsasmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sasha Manus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Celestine Wanjalla
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Revathi Dasari
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, 517619, India
| | - Clintoria Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Steven M. Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Doctor’s Degree Program in Nursing and Biosciences - PpgEnfBio, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Motricity Biosciences - LABIMH, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, RJ, Brazil
- Brazilian Paralympic Academy – APB
- Doctor’s Degree Program in Health and Environment - PSA, Tiradentes University - UNIT, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - André Kinder
- Artur Sá Earp Neto University Center - UNIFASE-FMP, Petrópolis Medical School, Brazil
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Fabiana Scartoni
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Baffi
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Brazil
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Mark A. Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Anthonya Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Sandra A. Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Anita M. Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Vernat Exil
- Department of Pediatrics, Div. of Cardiology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bret C. Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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13
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Balhara M, Neikirk K, Marshall A, Hinton A, Kirabo A. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hypertension and Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:273-290. [PMID: 38602583 PMCID: PMC11166838 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is a principal risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with its severity exacerbated by high sodium intake, particularly in individuals with salt-sensitive blood pressure. However, the mechanisms underlying hypertension and salt sensitivity are only partly understood. Herein, we review potential interactions in hypertension pathophysiology involving the immune system, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and proteostasis pathways; identify knowledge gaps; and discuss future directions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advancements by our research group and others reveal interactions within and between adaptive and innate immune responses in hypertension pathophysiology. The salt-immune-hypertension axis is further supported by the discovery of the role of dendritic cells in hypertension, marked by isolevuglandin (IsoLG) formation. Alongside these broadened understandings of immune-mediated salt sensitivity, the contributions of T cells to hypertension have been recently challenged by groups whose findings did not support increased resistance of Rag-1-deficient mice to Ang II infusion. Hypertension has also been linked to ER stress and the UPR. Notably, a holistic approach is needed because the UPR engages in crosstalk with autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome, and other proteostasis pathways, that may all involve hypertension. There is a critical need for studies to establish cause and effect relationships between ER stress and the UPR in hypertension pathophysiology in humans and to determine whether the immune system and ER stress function mainly to exacerbate or initiate hypertension and target organ injury. This review of recent studies proposes new avenues for future research for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balhara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212-8802, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212-8802, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, USA.
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14
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Hinton AO, N'jai AU, Vue Z, Wanjalla C. Connection Between HIV and Mitochondria in Cardiovascular Disease and Implications for Treatments. Circ Res 2024; 134:1581-1606. [PMID: 38781302 PMCID: PMC11122810 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy alter mitochondrial function, which can progressively lead to mitochondrial damage and accelerated aging. The interaction between persistent HIV reservoirs and mitochondria may provide insight into the relatively high rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality in persons living with HIV. In this review, we explore the intricate relationship between HIV and mitochondrial function, highlighting the potential for novel therapeutic strategies in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We reflect on mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial DNA, and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein in the context of HIV. Furthermore, we summarize how toxicities related to early antiretroviral therapy and current highly active antiretroviral therapy can contribute to mitochondrial dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and poor clinical outcomes. There is a need to understand the mechanisms and develop new targeted therapies. We further consider current and potential future therapies for HIV and their interplay with mitochondria. We reflect on the next-generation antiretroviral therapies and HIV cure due to the direct and indirect effects of HIV persistence, associated comorbidities, coinfections, and the advancement of interdisciplinary research fields. This includes exploring novel and creative approaches to target mitochondria for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.O.H., Z.V.)
| | - Alhaji U N'jai
- Biological Sciences, Fourah Bay College and College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences (COMAHS), University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Koinadugu College, Kabala (A.U.N.)
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.O.H., Z.V.)
| | - Celestine Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (C.W.)
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15
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Athanasopoulos M, Samara P, Athanasopoulos I. Advances in 3D Inner Ear Reconstruction Software for Cochlear Implants: A Comprehensive Review. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:46. [PMID: 38921825 PMCID: PMC11207030 DOI: 10.3390/mps7030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Auditory impairment stands as a pervasive global issue, exerting significant effects on individuals' daily functioning and interpersonal engagements. Cochlear implants (CIs) have risen as a cutting-edge solution for severe to profound hearing loss, directly stimulating the auditory nerve with electrical signals. The success of CI procedures hinges on precise pre-operative planning and post-operative evaluation, highlighting the significance of advanced three-dimensional (3D) inner ear reconstruction software. Accurate pre-operative imaging is vital for identifying anatomical landmarks and assessing cochlear deformities. Tools like 3D Slicer, Amira and OTOPLAN provide detailed depictions of cochlear anatomy, aiding surgeons in simulating implantation scenarios and refining surgical approaches. Post-operative scans play a crucial role in detecting complications and ensuring CI longevity. Despite technological advancements, challenges such as standardization and optimization persist. This review explores the role of 3D inner ear reconstruction software in patient selection, surgical planning, and post-operative assessment, tracing its evolution and emphasizing features like image segmentation and virtual simulation. It addresses software limitations and proposes solutions, advocating for their integration into clinical practice. Ultimately, this review underscores the impact of 3D inner ear reconstruction software on cochlear implantation, connecting innovation with precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Athanasopoulos
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Athens Pediatric Center, 15125 Athens, Greece; (M.A.); (I.A.)
| | - Pinelopi Samara
- Children’s Oncology Unit “Marianna V. Vardinoyannis-ELPIDA”, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Athanasopoulos
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Athens Pediatric Center, 15125 Athens, Greece; (M.A.); (I.A.)
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16
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Jenkins BC, Neikirk K, Katti P, Claypool SM, Kirabo A, McReynolds MR, Hinton A. Mitochondria in disease: changes in shapes and dynamics. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:346-360. [PMID: 38402097 PMCID: PMC10997448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial structure often determines the function of these highly dynamic, multifunctional, eukaryotic organelles, which are essential for maintaining cellular health. The dynamic nature of mitochondria is apparent in descriptions of different mitochondrial shapes [e.g., donuts, megamitochondria (MGs), and nanotunnels] and crista dynamics. This review explores the significance of dynamic alterations in mitochondrial morphology and regulators of mitochondrial and cristae shape. We focus on studies across tissue types and also describe new microscopy techniques for detecting mitochondrial morphologies both in vivo and in vitro that can improve understanding of mitochondrial structure. We highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of regulating mitochondrial morphology and discuss prospective avenues to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenita C Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Phospholipid Research Center, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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17
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Neikirk K, Stephens DC, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Gaddy JA, Damo SM, Hinton AO. Considerations for developing mitochondrial transplantation techniques for individualized medicine. Biotechniques 2024; 76:125-134. [PMID: 38420889 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract Mitochondrial transplantation has been used to treat various diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we highlight the considerations in quality control mechanisms that should be considered in the context of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dominique C Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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18
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Zhao J, Yu X, Shentu X, Li D. The application and development of electron microscopy for three-dimensional reconstruction in life science: a review. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:1-18. [PMID: 38416172 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Imaging technologies have played a pivotal role in advancing biological research by enabling visualization of biological structures and processes. While traditional electron microscopy (EM) produces two-dimensional images, emerging techniques now allow high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) characterization of specimens in situ, meeting growing needs in molecular and cellular biology. Combining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with serial sectioning inaugurated 3D imaging, attracting biologists seeking to explore cell ultrastructure and driving advancement of 3D EM reconstruction. By comprehensively and precisely rendering internal structure and distribution, 3D TEM reconstruction provides unparalleled ultrastructural insights into cells and molecules, holding tremendous value for elucidating structure-function relationships and broadly propelling structural biology. Here, we first introduce the principle of 3D reconstruction of cells and tissues by classical approaches in TEM and then discuss modern technologies utilizing TEM and on new SEM-based as well as cryo-electron microscope (cryo-EM) techniques. 3D reconstruction techniques from serial sections, electron tomography (ET), and the recent single-particle analysis (SPA) are examined; the focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), the serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), and automatic tape-collecting lathe ultramicrotome (ATUM-SEM) for 3D reconstruction of large volumes are discussed. Finally, we review the challenges and development prospects of these technologies in life science. It aims to provide an informative reference for biological researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China , Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China , Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China , Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Danting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China , Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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19
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Hinton A, Katti P, Mungai M, Hall DD, Koval O, Shao J, Vue Z, Lopez EG, Rostami R, Neikirk K, Ponce J, Streeter J, Schickling B, Bacevac S, Grueter C, Marshall A, Beasley HK, Do Koo Y, Bodine SC, Nava NGR, Quintana AM, Song LS, Grumbach I, Pereira RO, Glancy B, Abel ED. ATF4-dependent increase in mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum tethering following OPA1 deletion in skeletal muscle. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31204. [PMID: 38419397 PMCID: PMC11144302 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs) are protein- and lipid-enriched hubs that mediate interorganellar communication by contributing to the dynamic transfer of Ca2+, lipid, and other metabolites between these organelles. Defective MERCs are associated with cellular oxidative stress, neurodegenerative disease, and cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology via mechanisms that are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that skeletal muscle-specific knockdown (KD) of the mitochondrial fusion mediator optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) induced ER stress and correlated with an induction of Mitofusin-2, a known MERC protein. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Opa1 downregulation in skeletal muscle cells alters MERC formation by evaluating multiple myocyte systems, including from mice and Drosophila, and in primary myotubes. Our results revealed that OPA1 deficiency induced tighter and more frequent MERCs in concert with a greater abundance of MERC proteins involved in calcium exchange. Additionally, loss of OPA1 increased the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), an integrated stress response (ISR) pathway effector. Reducing Atf4 expression prevented the OPA1-loss-induced tightening of MERC structures. OPA1 reduction was associated with decreased mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum, a specialized form of ER, calcium, which was reversed following ATF4 repression. These data suggest that mitochondrial stress, induced by OPA1 deficiency, regulates skeletal muscle MERC formation in an ATF4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor Hinton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Duane D. Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Olha Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, Iowa City, IA USA 52242
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Rahmati Rostami
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA, 10065
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jessica Ponce
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Jennifer Streeter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Brandon Schickling
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 27708
| | - Serif Bacevac
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Chad Grueter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Young Do Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Sue C. Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA 73104
| | - Nayeli G. Reyes Nava
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA 79968
| | - Anita M. Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA 79968
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Isabella Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Renata O. Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA 52242
- Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095
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20
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Neikirk K, Stephens DC, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Gaddy JA, Damo SM, Hinton A. Is space the final frontier for mitochondrial study? Biotechniques 2024; 76:46-51. [PMID: 38084381 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract This perspective considers several avenues for future research on mitochondrial dynamics, stress, and DNA in outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dominique C Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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21
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Crabtree A, Neikirk K, Marshall AG, Vang L, Whiteside AJ, Williams Q, Altamura CT, Owens TC, Stephens D, Shao B, Koh A, Killion M, Lopez EG, Lam J, Rodriguez B, Mungai M, Stanley J, Dean ED, Koh HJ, Gaddy JA, Scudese E, Sweetwyne MT, Davis J, Zaganjor E, Murray SA, Katti P, Damo SM, Vue Z, Hinton A. Defining Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Changes Induced by Aging in Brown Adipose Tissue. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300186. [PMID: 37607124 PMCID: PMC10869235 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are required for energy production and even give brown adipose tissue (BAT) its characteristic color due to their high iron content and abundance. The physiological function and bioenergetic capacity of mitochondria are connected to the structure, folding, and organization of its inner-membrane cristae. During the aging process, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed, and the regulatory balance of mitochondrial dynamics is often disrupted, leading to increased mitochondrial fragmentation in aging cells. Therefore, it is hypothesized that significant morphological changes in BAT mitochondria and cristae will be present with aging. A quantitative 3D electron microscopy approach is developed to map cristae network organization in mouse BAT to test this hypothesis. Using this methodology, the 3D morphology of mitochondrial cristae is investigated in adult (3-month) and aged (2-year) murine BAT tissue via serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and 3D reconstruction software for manual segmentation, analysis, and quantification. Upon investigation, an increase is found in mitochondrial volume, surface area, and complexity and decreased sphericity in aged BAT, alongside significant decreases in cristae volume, area, perimeter, and score. Overall, these data define the nature of the mitochondrial structure in murine BAT across aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron J Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Qiana Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christopher T Altamura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Trinity Celeste Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ben Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jade Stanley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH), Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Rio de Janeiro, 22290-240, Brazil
| | - Mariya T Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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22
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Stephens DC, Mungai M, Crabtree A, Beasley HK, Garza-Lopez E, Vang L, Neikirk K, Vue Z, Vue N, Marshall AG, Turner K, Shao JQ, Sarker B, Murray S, Gaddy JA, Davis J, Damo SM, Hinton AO. Protocol for isolating mice skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes via differential antibody validation. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102591. [PMID: 37938976 PMCID: PMC10663959 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation of skeletal muscles allows for the exploration of many complex diseases. Here, we present a protocol for isolating mice skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes that have been differentiated through antibody validation. We describe steps for collecting and preparing murine skeletal tissue, myoblast cell maintenance, plating, and cell differentiation. We then detail procedures for cell incubation, immunostaining, slide preparation and storage, and imaging for immunofluorescence validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Neng Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kyrin Turner
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jian-Qiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bishnu Sarker
- School of Applied Computational Sciences, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sandra Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, TN 15260, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology. Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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23
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Neikirk K, Lopez EG, Marshall AG, Alghanem A, Krystofiak E, Kula B, Smith N, Shao J, Katti P, Hinton A. Call to action to properly utilize electron microscopy to measure organelles to monitor disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151365. [PMID: 37864884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current methods for quantifying mitochondrial ultrastructure, including cristae morphology, mitochondrial contact sites, and recycling machinery and a guide to utilizing electron microscopy to effectively measure these organelles. Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial ultrastructure is essential for understanding mitochondrial biology and developing therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial-related diseases. Techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and serial block face-scanning electron microscopy, as well as how they can be combined with other techniques including confocal microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and correlative light and electron microscopy are discussed. Beyond their limitations and challenges, we also offer specific magnifications that may be best suited for TEM analysis of mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and recycling machinery. Finally, perspectives on future quantification methods are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edgar-Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ahmad Alghanem
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ali Al Arini, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bartosz Kula
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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24
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Marshall AG, Neikirk K, Stephens D, Garza-Lopez E, Vue Z, Beasley HK, Janumyan Doe Y, Campbell D, Fears L, Alghanem A, Spencer EC, Scudese E, Owens B, Vang C, Morton DJ, Conley Z, Hinton A. A workshop on mitochondria for students to improve understanding of science and hypothesis forming. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2023; 47:823-830. [PMID: 37650143 PMCID: PMC10854815 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00116.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
There remains a clear deficiency in recruiting middle school students in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine fields, especially for those students entering physiology from underrepresented backgrounds. A large part of this may be arising from a disconnect between how science is typically practiced at a collegiate and K-12 level. Here, we have envisioned mitochondria and their diverse subcellular structures as an involver for middle school students. We present the framework for a workshop that familiarizes students with mitochondria, employing three-dimensional visual-spatial learning and real-time critical thinking and hypothesis forming. This workshop had the goal of familiarizing middle school students with the unique challenges the field currently faces and better understanding the actuality of being a scientist through critical analysis including hypothesis forming. Findings show that middle school students responded positively to the program and felt as though they had a better understanding of mitochondria. Future implications for hands-on programs to involve underrepresented students in science are discussed, as well as potential considerations to adapt it for high school and undergraduate students.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we employ a workshop that utilizes blended and tactile learning to teach middle schoolers about mitochondrial structure. By creating an approachable and fun workshop that can be utilized for middle school students, we seek to encourage them to join a career in physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yelena Janumyan Doe
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Desmond Campbell
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Letimicia Fears
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ahmad Alghanem
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsie C Spencer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beverly Owens
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland Early College High School, Shelby, North Carolina, United States
| | - Chia Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Counseling Department, New Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico, United States
| | - Derrick J Morton
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Pasadena, California, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Zachary Conley
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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25
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Vue Z, Garza‐Lopez E, Neikirk K, Katti P, Vang L, Beasley H, Shao J, Marshall AG, Crabtree A, Murphy AC, Jenkins BC, Prasad P, Evans C, Taylor B, Mungai M, Killion M, Stephens D, Christensen TA, Lam J, Rodriguez B, Phillips MA, Daneshgar N, Koh H, Koh A, Davis J, Devine N, Saleem M, Scudese E, Arnold KR, Vanessa Chavarin V, Daniel Robinson R, Chakraborty M, Gaddy JA, Sweetwyne MT, Wilson G, Zaganjor E, Kezos J, Dondi C, Reddy AK, Glancy B, Kirabo A, Quintana AM, Dai D, Ocorr K, Murray SA, Damo SM, Exil V, Riggs B, Mobley BC, Gomez JA, McReynolds MR, Hinton A. 3D reconstruction of murine mitochondria reveals changes in structure during aging linked to the MICOS complex. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14009. [PMID: 37960952 PMCID: PMC10726809 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, muscle gradually undergoes sarcopenia, the loss of function associated with loss of mass, strength, endurance, and oxidative capacity. However, the 3D structural alterations of mitochondria associated with aging in skeletal muscle and cardiac tissues are not well described. Although mitochondrial aging is associated with decreased mitochondrial capacity, the genes responsible for the morphological changes in mitochondria during aging are poorly characterized. We measured changes in mitochondrial morphology in aged murine gastrocnemius, soleus, and cardiac tissues using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and 3D reconstructions. We also used reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR, transmission electron microscopy quantification, Seahorse analysis, and metabolomics and lipidomics to measure changes in mitochondrial morphology and function after loss of mitochondria contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex genes, Chchd3, Chchd6, and Mitofilin. We identified significant changes in mitochondrial size in aged murine gastrocnemius, soleus, and cardiac tissues. We found that both age-related loss of the MICOS complex and knockouts of MICOS genes in mice altered mitochondrial morphology. Given the critical role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular metabolism, we characterized the metabolomes and lipidomes of young and aged mouse tissues, which showed profound alterations consistent with changes in membrane integrity, supporting our observations of age-related changes in muscle tissues. We found a relationship between changes in the MICOS complex and aging. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms that underlie the tissue-dependent 3D mitochondrial phenotypic changes that occur in aging and the evolutionary conservation of these mechanisms between Drosophila and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | | | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthMarylandBethesdaUSA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Heather Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research FacilityUniversity of IowaIowaIowa CityUSA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Alexandria C. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaState CollegeUSA
| | - Brenita C. Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaState CollegeUSA
| | - Praveena Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaState CollegeUSA
| | - Chantell Evans
- Department of Cell BiologyDuke University School of MedicineNorth CarolinaDurhamUSA
| | - Brittany Taylor
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of FloridaFloridaGainesvilleUSA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | | | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of IowaIowaIowa CityUSA
| | | | - Mark A. Phillips
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityOregonCorvallisUSA
| | - Nastaran Daneshgar
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityOregonCorvallisUSA
| | - Ho‐Jin Koh
- Department of Biological SciencesTennessee State UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and PharmacologyMeharry Medical CollegeTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Nina Devine
- Department of Integrative BiologyOregon State UniversityOregonCorvallisUSA
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE)Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP)PetrópolisState of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Kenneth Ryan Arnold
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California at IrvineCaliforniaIrvineUSA
| | - Valeria Vanessa Chavarin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California at IrvineCaliforniaIrvineUSA
| | - Ryan Daniel Robinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California at IrvineCaliforniaIrvineUSA
| | | | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterTennesseeNashvilleUSA
- Department of Medicine Health and SocietyVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterTennesseeNashvilleUSA
- Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Healthcare SystemsTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Mariya T. Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonWashingtonSeattleUSA
| | - Genesis Wilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - James Kezos
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteCaliforniaLa JollaUSA
| | - Cristiana Dondi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteCaliforniaLa JollaUSA
| | | | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthMarylandBethesdaUSA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of HealthMarylandBethesdaUSA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Anita M. Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research CenterUniversity of Texas at El PasoTexasEl PasoUSA
| | - Dao‐Fu Dai
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Johns Hopkins School of MedicineMarylandBaltimoreUSA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteCaliforniaLa JollaUSA
| | - Sandra A. Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPennsylvaniaPittsburghUSA
| | - Steven M. Damo
- Department of Life and Physical SciencesFisk UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Vernat Exil
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowaIowa CityUSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of CardiologySt. Louis University School of MedicineMissouriSt. LouisUSA
| | - Blake Riggs
- Department of BiologySan Francisco State UniversityCaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Bret C. Mobley
- Department of PathologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Jose A. Gomez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterTennesseeNashvilleUSA
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaState CollegeUSA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityTennesseeNashvilleUSA
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26
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Vue Z, Neikirk K, Vang L, Garza-Lopez E, Christensen TA, Shao J, Lam J, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Crabtree A, Anudokem J, Rodriguez B, Kirk B, Bacevac S, Barongan T, Shao B, Stephens DC, Kabugi K, Koh HJ, Koh A, Evans CS, Taylor B, Reddy AK, Miller-Fleming T, Actkins KV, Zaganjor E, Daneshgar N, Murray SA, Mobley BC, Damo SM, Gaddy JA, Riggs B, Wanjalla C, Kirabo A, McReynolds M, Gomez JA, Phillips MA, Exil V, Dai DF, Hinton A. Three-dimensional mitochondria reconstructions of murine cardiac muscle changes in size across aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H965-H982. [PMID: 37624101 PMCID: PMC10977873 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00202.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
With sparse treatment options, cardiac disease remains a significant cause of death among humans. As a person ages, mitochondria breakdown and the heart becomes less efficient. Heart failure is linked to many mitochondria-associated processes, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial bioenergetics, insulin signaling, autophagy, and oxidative stress. The roles of key mitochondrial complexes that dictate the ultrastructure, such as the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), in aging cardiac muscle are poorly understood. To better understand the cause of age-related alteration in mitochondrial structure in cardiac muscle, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and serial block facing-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to quantitatively analyze the three-dimensional (3-D) networks in cardiac muscle samples of male mice at aging intervals of 3 mo, 1 yr, and 2 yr. Here, we present the loss of cristae morphology, the inner folds of the mitochondria, across age. In conjunction with this, the three-dimensional (3-D) volume of mitochondria decreased. These findings mimicked observed phenotypes in murine cardiac fibroblasts with CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of Mitofilin, Chchd3, Chchd6 (some members of the MICOS complex), and Opa1, which showed poorer oxidative consumption rate and mitochondria with decreased mitochondrial length and volume. In combination, these data show the need to explore if loss of the MICOS complex in the heart may be involved in age-associated mitochondrial and cristae structural changes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article shows how mitochondria in murine cardiac changes, importantly elucidating age-related changes. It also is the first to show that the MICOS complex may play a role in outer membrane mitochondrial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Trace A Christensen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Josephs Anudokem
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Benjamin Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Benjamin Kirk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Serif Bacevac
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Taylor Barongan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dominique C Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Chantell S Evans
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Brittany Taylor
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Anilkumar K Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tyne Miller-Fleming
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ky'Era V Actkins
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Nastaran Daneshgar
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Blake Riggs
- Department of Biology at San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Celestine Wanjalla
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Melanie McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jose A Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Mark A Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Vernat Exil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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27
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Haynes AP, Desta S, Ahmad T, Neikirk K, Hinton A, Bloodworth N, Kirabo A. The Antioxidative Effects of Flavones in Hypertensive Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2877. [PMID: 38001878 PMCID: PMC10669108 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading remediable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the United States. Excess dietary salt consumption, which is a catalyst of hypertension, initiates an inflammatory cascade via activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This pro-inflammatory response is driven primarily by sodium ions (Na+) transporting into APCs by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and subsequent NADPH oxidase activation, leading to high levels of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, a well-known catalyst for hypertension-related illness development, disturbs redox homeostasis, which ultimately promotes lipid peroxidation, isolevuglandin production and an inflammatory response. Natural medicinal compounds derived from organic materials that are characterized by their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-mutagenic properties have recently gained traction amongst the pharmacology community due to their therapeutic effects. Flavonoids, a natural phenolic compound, have these therapeutic benefits and can potentially serve as anti-hypertensives. Flavones are a type of flavonoid that have increased anti-inflammatory effects that may allow them to act as therapeutic agents for hypertension, including diosmetin, which is able to induce significant arterial vasodilation in several different animal models. This review will focus on the activity of flavones to illuminate potential preventative and potential therapeutic mechanisms against hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Porcia Haynes
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (A.P.H.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Selam Desta
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (A.P.H.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Taseer Ahmad
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (A.P.H.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (K.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (K.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Nathaniel Bloodworth
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (A.P.H.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (A.P.H.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
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28
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Shao B, Killion M, Oliver A, Vang C, Zeleke F, Neikirk K, Vue Z, Garza-Lopez E, Shao JQ, Mungai M, Lam J, Williams Q, Altamura CT, Whiteside A, Kabugi K, McKenzie J, Koh A, Scudese E, Vang L, Marshall AG, Crabtree A, Tanghal JI, Stephens D, Koh HJ, Jenkins BC, Murray SA, Cooper AT, Williams C, Damo SM, McReynolds MR, Gaddy JA, Wanjalla CN, Beasley HK, Hinton A. Ablation of Sam50 is associated with fragmentation and alterations in metabolism in murine and human myotubes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.20.541602. [PMID: 37292887 PMCID: PMC10245823 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.20.541602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Sorting and Assembly Machinery (SAM) Complex is responsible for assembling β-barrel proteins in the mitochondrial membrane. Comprising three subunits, Sam35, Sam37, and Sam50, the SAM complex connects the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes by interacting with the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. Sam50, in particular, stabilizes the mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging (MIB) complex, which is crucial for protein transport, respiratory chain complex assembly, and regulation of cristae integrity. While the role of Sam50 in mitochondrial structure and metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear, this study aims to investigate its impact. Serial block-face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and computer-assisted 3D renderings were employed to compare mitochondrial structure and networking in Sam50-deficient myotubes from mice and humans with wild-type (WT) myotubes. Furthermore, autophagosome 3D structure was assessed in human myotubes. Mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes were assessed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based metabolomics to explore differential changes in WT and Sam50-deficient myotubes. The results revealed increased mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagosome formation in Sam50-deficient myotubes compared to controls. Metabolomic analysis indicated elevated metabolism of propanoate and several amino acids, including ß-Alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, along with increased amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in Sam50-deficient myotubes. Furthermore, impairment of oxidative capacity was observed upon Sam50 ablation in both murine and human myotubes, as measured with the XF24 Seahorse Analyzer. Collectively, these findings support the critical role of Sam50 in establishing and maintaining mitochondrial integrity, cristae structure, and mitochondrial metabolism. By elucidating the impact of Sam50-deficiency, this study enhances our understanding of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chia Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Faben Zeleke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jian-Qiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Qiana Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christopher T Altamura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Kinuthia Kabugi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jessica McKenzie
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
| | - Brenita C Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Anthonya T Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Clintoria Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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29
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Hinton A, Katti P, Christensen TA, Mungai M, Shao J, Zhang L, Trushin S, Alghanem A, Jaspersen A, Geroux RE, Neikirk K, Biete M, Lopez EG, Shao B, Vue Z, Vang L, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Stephens D, Damo S, Ponce J, Bleck CKE, Hicsasmaz I, Murray SA, Edmonds RAC, Dajles A, Koo YD, Bacevac S, Salisbury JL, Pereira RO, Glancy B, Trushina E, Abel ED. A Comprehensive Approach to Sample Preparation for Electron Microscopy and the Assessment of Mitochondrial Morphology in Tissue and Cultured Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200202. [PMID: 37140138 PMCID: PMC10615857 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria respond to metabolic demands of the cell and to incremental damage, in part, through dynamic structural changes that include fission (fragmentation), fusion (merging of distinct mitochondria), autophagic degradation (mitophagy), and biogenic interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). High resolution study of mitochondrial structural and functional relationships requires rapid preservation of specimens to reduce technical artifacts coupled with quantitative assessment of mitochondrial architecture. A practical approach for assessing mitochondrial fine structure using two dimensional and three dimensional high-resolution electron microscopy is presented, and a systematic approach to measure mitochondrial architecture, including volume, length, hyperbranching, cristae morphology, and the number and extent of interaction with the ER is described. These methods are used to assess mitochondrial architecture in cells and tissue with high energy demand, including skeletal muscle cells, mouse brain tissue, and Drosophila muscles. The accuracy of assessment is validated in cells and tissue with deletion of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor Hinton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Trace A Christensen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sergey Trushin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ahmad Alghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Eastern Region, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Jaspersen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rachel E Geroux
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili St, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Michelle Biete
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili St, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Steven Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Jessica Ponce
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Innes Hicsasmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Ranthony A C Edmonds
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, 281 W Lane Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Andres Dajles
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Young Do Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Serif Bacevac
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Salisbury
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Renata O Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza, Suite 7236, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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30
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Stephens DC, Mungai M, Crabtree A, Beasley HK, Garza-Lopez E, Vang L, Neikirk K, Vue Z, Vue N, Marshall AG, Turner K, Shao JQ, Sarker B, Murray S, Gaddy JA, Davis J, Damo SM, Hinton AO. Components of Isolated Skeletal Muscle Differentiated Through Antibody Validation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.20.541600. [PMID: 37292961 PMCID: PMC10245929 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.20.541600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of skeletal muscles allows for the exploration of many complex diseases. Fibroblasts and myoblast play important roles in skeletal muscle morphology and function. However, skeletal muscles are complex and made up of many cellular populations and validation of these populations is highly important. Therefore, in this article, we discuss a comprehensive method to isolate mice skeletal muscle, create satellite cells for tissue culture, and use immunofluorescence to validate our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C. Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Neng Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kyrin Turner
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jian-qiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bishnu Sarker
- School of Applied Computational Sciences, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sandra Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, TN, 15260, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology. Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven M. Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor O. Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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31
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Crabtree A, Neikirk K, Marshall AG, Vang L, Whiteside AJ, Williams Q, Altamura CT, Owens TC, Stephens D, Shao B, Koh A, Killion M, Lopez EG, Lam J, Rodriguez B, Mungai M, Stanley J, Dean ED, Koh HJ, Gaddy JA, Scudese E, Sweetwyne M, Davis J, Zaganjor E, Murray SA, Katti P, Damo SM, Vue Z, Hinton A. Defining Mitochondrial Cristae Morphology Changes Induced by Aging in Brown Adipose Tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.12.540609. [PMID: 37577723 PMCID: PMC10418056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are required for energy production and even give brown adipose tissue (BAT) its characteristic color due to their high iron content and abundance. The physiological function and bioenergetic capacity of mitochondria are connected to the structure, folding, and organization of its inner-membrane cristae. During the aging process, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed, and the regulatory balance of mitochondrial dynamics is often disrupted, leading to increased mitochondrial fragmentation in aging cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that significant morphological changes in BAT mitochondria and cristae would be present with aging. We developed a quantitative three-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy approach to map cristae network organization in mouse BAT to test this hypothesis. Using this methodology, we investigated the 3D morphology of mitochondrial cristae in adult (3-month) and aged (2-year) murine BAT tissue via serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and 3D reconstruction software for manual segmentation, analysis, and quantification. Upon investigation, we found increases in mitochondrial volume, surface area, and complexity and decreased sphericity in aged BAT, alongside significant decreases in cristae volume, area, perimeter, and score. Overall, these data define the nature of the mitochondrial structure in murine BAT across aging. Abstract Figure
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron J Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Qiana Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christopher T Altamura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Trinity Celeste Owens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mason Killion
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ben Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jade Stanley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Brazil
| | - Mariya Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburg h, PA, 15261 USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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32
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Marshall AG, Neikirk K, Stephens DC, Vang L, Vue Z, Beasley HK, Crabtree A, Scudese E, Lopez EG, Shao B, Krystofiak E, Rutledge S, Davis J, Murray SA, Damo SM, Katti P, Hinton A. Serial Block Face-Scanning Electron Microscopy as a Burgeoning Technology. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300139. [PMID: 37246236 PMCID: PMC10950369 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), also referred to as serial block-face electron microscopy, is an advanced ultrastructural imaging technique that enables three-dimensional visualization that provides largerx- and y-axis ranges than other volumetric EM techniques. While SEM is first introduced in the 1930s, SBF-SEM is developed as a novel method to resolve the 3D architecture of neuronal networks across large volumes with nanometer resolution by Denk and Horstmann in 2004. Here, the authors provide an accessible overview of the advantages and challenges associated with SBF-SEM. Beyond this, the applications of SBF-SEM in biochemical domains as well as potential future clinical applications are briefly reviewed. Finally, the alternative forms of artificial intelligence-based segmentation which may contribute to devising a feasible workflow involving SBF-SEM, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dominique C Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Laboratory of Biosciences of Human Motricity (LABIMH) of the Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Sport Sciences and Exercise Laboratory (LaCEE), Catholic University of Petrópolis (UCP), Catholic, 25685-100, Brazil
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sharifa Rutledge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Jaimaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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33
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Neikirk K, Vue Z, Katti P, Rodriguez BI, Omer S, Shao J, Christensen T, Garza Lopez E, Marshall A, Palavicino-Maggio CB, Ponce J, Alghanem AF, Vang L, Barongan T, Beasley HK, Rodman T, Stephens D, Mungai M, Correia M, Exil V, Damo S, Murray SA, Crabtree A, Glancy B, Pereira RO, Abel ED, Hinton AO. Systematic Transmission Electron Microscopy-Based Identification and 3D Reconstruction of Cellular Degradation Machinery. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200221. [PMID: 36869426 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Various intracellular degradation organelles, including autophagosomes, lysosomes, and endosomes, work in tandem to perform autophagy, which is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Altered autophagy contributes to the pathophysiology of various diseases, including cancers and metabolic diseases. This paper aims to describe an approach to reproducibly identify and distinguish subcellular structures involved in macroautophagy. Methods are provided that help avoid common pitfalls. How to distinguish between lysosomes, lipid droplets, autolysosomes, autophagosomes, and inclusion bodies are also discussed. These methods use transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which is able to generate nanometer-scale micrographs of cellular degradation components in a fixed sample. Serial block face-scanning electron microscopy is also used to visualize the 3D morphology of degradation machinery using the Amira software. In addition to TEM and 3D reconstruction, other imaging techniques are discussed, such as immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling, which can be used to classify cellular organelles, reliably and accurately. Results show how these methods may be used to accurately quantify cellular degradation machinery under various conditions, such as treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum stressor thapsigargin or ablation of the dynamin-related protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ben I Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Salem Omer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Trace Christensen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | | | - Jessica Ponce
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ahmad F Alghanem
- Eastern Region, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Hasa, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Taylor Barongan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Taylor Rodman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Marcelo Correia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Vernat Exil
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Steven Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Renata O Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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34
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Marshall AG, Damo SM, Hinton A. Revisiting focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:585-586. [PMID: 36990957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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35
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Garza-Lopez E, Vue Z, Katti P, Neikirk K, Biete M, Lam J, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Rodman TA, Christensen TA, Salisbury JL, Vang L, Mungai M, AshShareef S, Murray SA, Shao J, Streeter J, Glancy B, Pereira RO, Abel ED, Hinton A. Correction: Garza-Lopez et al. Protocols for Generating Surfaces and Measuring 3D Organelle Morphology Using Amira. Cells 2022, 11, 65. Cells 2023; 12:1356. [PMID: 37408281 PMCID: PMC10216418 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the original publication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Hinton and Garza Lopez Family Consulting Company, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Michelle Biete
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Jacob Lam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Taylor A Rodman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Trace A Christensen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Salisbury
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Salma AshShareef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 52013, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer Streeter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Renata O Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Hinton and Garza Lopez Family Consulting Company, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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36
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Panes J, Nguyen TKO, Gao H, Christensen TA, Stojakovic A, Trushin S, Salisbury JL, Fuentealba J, Trushina E. Partial Inhibition of Complex I Restores Mitochondrial Morphology and Mitochondria-ER Communication in Hippocampus of APP/PS1 Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1111. [PMID: 37190020 PMCID: PMC10137328 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has no cure. Earlier, we showed that partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I (MCI) with the small molecule CP2 induces an adaptive stress response, activating multiple neuroprotective mechanisms. Chronic treatment reduced inflammation, Aβ and pTau accumulation, improved synaptic and mitochondrial functions, and blocked neurodegeneration in symptomatic APP/PS1 mice, a translational model of AD. Here, using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) and three-dimensional (3D) EM reconstructions combined with Western blot analysis and next-generation RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that CP2 treatment also restores mitochondrial morphology and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) communication, reducing ER and unfolded protein response (UPR) stress in the APP/PS1 mouse brain. Using 3D EM volume reconstructions, we show that in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, dendritic mitochondria primarily exist as mitochondria-on-a-string (MOAS). Compared to other morphological phenotypes, MOAS have extensive interaction with the ER membranes, forming multiple mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS) known to facilitate abnormal lipid and calcium homeostasis, accumulation of Aβ and pTau, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis. CP2 treatment reduced MOAS formation, consistent with improved energy homeostasis in the brain, with concomitant reductions in MERCS, ER/UPR stress, and improved lipid homeostasis. These data provide novel information on the MOAS-ER interaction in AD and additional support for the further development of partial MCI inhibitors as a disease-modifying strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Panes
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | | | - Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Trace A. Christensen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Sergey Trushin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Salisbury
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Department of Physiology, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Avanzadas en Biomedicina (CIAB-UdeC), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Hogan KA, Zeidler JD, Beasley HK, Alsaadi AI, Alshaheeb AA, Chang YC, Tian H, Hinton AO, McReynolds MR. Using mass spectrometry imaging to visualize age-related subcellular disruption. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:906606. [PMID: 36968274 PMCID: PMC10032471 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.906606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis balances the production and consumption of energetic molecules to maintain active, healthy cells. Cellular stress, which disrupts metabolism and leads to the loss of cellular homeostasis, is important in age-related diseases. We focus here on the role of organelle dysfunction in age-related diseases, including the roles of energy deficiencies, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, changes in metabolic flux in aging (e.g., Ca2+ and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and alterations in the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites that regulate the trafficking of metabolites. Tools for single-cell resolution of metabolite pools and metabolic flux in animal models of aging and age-related diseases are urgently needed. High-resolution mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides a revolutionary approach for capturing the metabolic states of individual cells and cellular interactions without the dissociation of tissues. mass spectrometry imaging can be a powerful tool to elucidate the role of stress-induced cellular dysfunction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Hogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Julianna D. Zeidler
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Abrar I. Alsaadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Abdulkareem A. Alshaheeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yi-Chin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Hua Tian
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Tian, ; Antentor O. Hinton Jr, ; Melanie R. McReynolds,
| | - Antentor O. Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Tian, ; Antentor O. Hinton Jr, ; Melanie R. McReynolds,
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Tian, ; Antentor O. Hinton Jr, ; Melanie R. McReynolds,
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38
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Robertson GL, Riffle S, Patel M, Bodnya C, Marshall A, Beasley HK, Garza-Lopez E, Shao J, Vue Z, Hinton A, Stoll MS, de Wet S, Theart RP, Chakrabarty RP, Loos B, Chandel NS, Mears JA, Gama V. DRP1 mutations associated with EMPF1 encephalopathy alter mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic programs. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260370. [PMID: 36763487 PMCID: PMC10657212 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and peroxisomes are dynamic signaling organelles that constantly undergo fission, driven by the large GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1; encoded by DNM1L). Patients with de novo heterozygous missense mutations in DNM1L present with encephalopathy due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission (EMPF1) - a devastating neurodevelopmental disease with no effective treatment. To interrogate the mechanisms by which DRP1 mutations cause cellular dysfunction, we used human-derived fibroblasts from patients who present with EMPF1. In addition to elongated mitochondrial morphology and lack of fission, patient cells display lower coupling efficiency, increased proton leak and upregulation of glycolysis. Mitochondrial hyperfusion also results in aberrant cristae structure and hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. Peroxisomes show a severely elongated morphology in patient cells, which is associated with reduced respiration when cells are reliant on fatty acid oxidation. Metabolomic analyses revealed impaired methionine cycle and synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Our study provides insight into the role of mitochondrial dynamics in cristae maintenance and the metabolic capacity of the cell, as well as the disease mechanism underlying EMPF1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stellan Riffle
- Vanderbilt University, Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mira Patel
- Vanderbilt University, Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Caroline Bodnya
- Vanderbilt University, Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Vanderbilt University, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Vanderbilt University, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Vanderbilt University, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Vanderbilt University, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Vanderbilt University, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maria S. Stoll
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pharmacology and Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sholto de Wet
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Rensu P. Theart
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ram Prosad Chakrabarty
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ben Loos
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jason A. Mears
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pharmacology and Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Vivian Gama
- Vanderbilt University, Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Ji XY, Zheng D, Ni R, Wang JX, Shao JQ, Vue Z, Hinton A, Song LS, Fan GC, Chakrabarti S, Su ZL, Peng TQ. Sustained over-expression of calpain-2 induces age-dependent dilated cardiomyopathy in mice through aberrant autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2873-2884. [PMID: 35986214 PMCID: PMC9622835 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains have been implicated in heart diseases. While calpain-1 has been detrimental to the heart, the role of calpain-2 in cardiac pathology remains controversial. In this study we investigated whether sustained over-expression of calpain-2 had any adverse effects on the heart and the underlying mechanisms. Double transgenic mice (Tg-Capn2/tTA) were generated, which express human CAPN2 restricted to cardiomyocytes. The mice were subjected to echocardiography at age 3, 6, 8 and 12 months, and their heart tissues and sera were collected for analyses. We showed that transgenic mice over-expressing calpain-2 restricted to cardiomyocytes had normal heart function with no evidence of cardiac pathological remodeling at age 3 months. However, they exhibited features of dilated cardiomyopathy including increased heart size, enlarged heart chambers and heart dysfunction from age 8 months; histological analysis revealed loss of cardiomyocytes replaced by myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in transgenic mice from age 8 months. These cardiac alterations closely correlated with aberrant autophagy evidenced by significantly increased LC3BII and p62 protein levels and accumulation of autophagosomes in the hearts of transgenic mice. Notably, injection of 3-methyladenine, a well-established inhibitor of autophagy (30 mg/kg, i.p. once every 3 days starting from age 6 months for 2 months) prevented aberrant autophagy, attenuated myocardial injury and improved heart function in the transgenic mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, over-expression of calpain-2 blocked autophagic flux by impairing lysosomal function. Furthermore, over-expression of calpain-2 resulted in lower levels of junctophilin-2 protein in the heart of transgenic mice and in cultured cardiomyocytes, which was attenuated by 3-methyladenine. In addition, blockade of autophagic flux by bafilomycin A (100 nM) induced a reduction of junctophilin-2 protein in cardiomyocytes. In summary, transgenic over-expression of calpain-2 induces age-dependent dilated cardiomyopathy in mice, which may be mediated through aberrant autophagy and a reduction of junctophilin-2. Thus, a sustained increase in calpain-2 may be detrimental to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Ji
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Dong Zheng
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jin-Xi Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jian-Qiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Zhao-Liang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Tian-Qing Peng
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
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40
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Kalyuzhny AE. A Never-Ending Journey in Search for Novel Cell Biology Techniques. Cells 2022; 11:1393. [PMID: 35563699 PMCID: PMC9101893 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell techniques undergo rapid advancement across different areas of biomedical research [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Kalyuzhny
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 6-145 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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