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Shaikh M, Doshi G. Epigenetic aging in major depressive disorder: Clocks, mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176757. [PMID: 38897440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Depression, a chronic mental disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and difficulty in daily tasks, impacts millions globally with varying treatment options. Antidepressants, despite their long half-life and minimal effectiveness, leave half of patients undertreated, highlighting the need for new therapies to enhance well-being. Epigenetics, which studies genetic changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype without altering the underlying Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence, is explored in this article. This article delves into the intricate relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and depression, shedding light on how environmental stressors, early-life adversity, and genetic predispositions shape gene expression patterns associated with depression. We have also discussed Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which enhance cognitive function and mood regulation in depression. Non-coding RNAs, (ncRNAs) such as Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and micro RNA (miRNAs), are highlighted as potential biomarkers for detecting and monitoring major depressive disorder (MDD). This article also emphasizes the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications and their influence on neuronal growth processes, underscoring the dynamic interplay between genetics, environment, and epigenetics in depression development. It explores the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic pathways in treating clinical depression. Additionally, it examines clinical findings related to epigenetic clocks and their role in studying depression and biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqtada Shaikh
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, 400 056, India.
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2
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Huang Y, Jin Y, Yao S, Nan G, Mao Y. LncRNA NEAT1 Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis and Induces Neuronal Viability of Depressed Rats Via microRNA-320-3p/CRHR1 Axis. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2352-2363. [PMID: 35075548 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been reported to be involved in depression. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of NEAT1/microRNA (miR)-320-3p/Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) axis in depressed rats. Rats with depression-like behaviors were prepared by exposing the rats to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Behavioral functions, pathological damage, neuronal apoptosis and monoamine neurotransmitter were examined in depressed rats . Primary hippocampal neurons were injured through simulation with corticosterone(CORT). Cell viability and apoptosis were measured in CORT-Induced hippocampal neurons. The binding relationship between NEAT1 and miR-320-3p and the targeting relationship between miR-320-3p and CRHR1 were detected. Elevated NEAT1, CRHR1 and reduced miR-320-3p exhibited in depressed rats and CORT-treated hippocampal neurons, NEAT1 bound to miR-320-3p to target CRHR1. Silencing NEAT1 or elevating miR-320-3p improved behavioral functions, attenuated pathological damage and apoptosis in the hippocampus, and increased monoamine neurotransmitter in depressed rats. Repression of NEAT1 or promotion of miR-320-3p enhanced viability and suppressed apoptosis of CORT-treated hippocampal neurons. The study highlights that NEAT1 competitively binds to miR-320-3p to up-regulate CRHR1 expression, thereby promoting hippocampal damage of depressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Associate Chief Physicia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Yinshi Jin
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Shuai Yao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Guangxian Nan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Attending doctorNo. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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3
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Tang C, Zhang Y. Detailed role of Let-7e in human diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155436. [PMID: 39018928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
As part of the epigenetic machinery, microRNAs (miRNAs) are extensively utilized by eukaryotes. By modulating gene expression in a variety of ways, these short RNAs mediate crucial physiological processes. This suggests that abnormalities in miRNA biogenesis and expression can be traced back to a variety of diseases. In addition, miRNAs are promising clinical candidates, especially for preclinical diagnosis. The Let family of miRNAs was one of the first to be discovered. As a prominent member of this category, extensive research has been conducted on Let-7e. The vast majority of evidence indicates an association between let-7e dysregulation and the onset and progression of disease, including malignancies. Because their effect depends on the genetic profile of disease and the affected tissue, different miRNAs play diverse roles in various diseases. However, what counts in miRNA studies is that just one miRNA may target numerous mRNAs in a cell at the exact time, therefore summarizing the effect of a single miRNA in human diseases can provide better insights into disease detection and treatment. The goal of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how let-7e functions in human cells so that it can be utilized more effectively in clinical settings for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We have reviewed the research on let-7e, focusing on the molecular underpinnings of biological processes controlled by this miRNA that contribute to the development and etiology of numerous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhi Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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Liu X, Dong L, Jiang Z, Song M, Yan P. Identifying the differentially expressed peripheral blood microRNAs in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1390366. [PMID: 38827444 PMCID: PMC11140110 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1390366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders (PDs), but the results remain inconclusive. We aimed to identify specific differentially expressed miRNAs and their overlapping miRNA expression profiles in schizophrenia (SZ), major depression disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), the three major PDs. Methods The literatures up to September 30, 2023 related to peripheral blood miRNAs and PDs were searched and screened from multiple databases. The differences in miRNA levels between groups were illustrated by the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results In total, 30 peripheral blood miRNAs were included in the meta-analysis, including 16 for SZ, 12 for MDD, and 2 for BD, each was reported in more than 3 independent studies. Compared with the control group, miR-181b-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-212-3p, miR-206, miR-92a-3p and miR-137-3p were upregulated in SZ, while miR-134-5p, miR-107 and miR-99b-5p were downregulated. In MDD, miR-124-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-34a-5p and miR-93-5p were upregulated, while miR-144-5p and miR-135a-5p were downregulated. However, we failed to identify statistically differentially expressed miRNAs in BD. Interestingly, miR-132-3p and miR-34a-5p were upregulated in both SZ and MDD. Conclusions Our study identified 13 differentially expressed miRNAs in SZ and 9 in MDD, among which miR-132-3p and miR-34a-5p were upregulated in both SZ and MDD by systematically analyzing qualified studies. These miRNAs may be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of SZ and MDD in the future. Systematic Review Registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023486982.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Dong
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The 4th Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowei Jiang
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The 4th Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfen Song
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Yan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Carneiro BA, Franco Guerreiro-Costa LN, Lins-Silva D, Faria Guimaraes D, Souza LS, Leal GC, Caliman-Fontes AT, Beanes G, Costa RDS, Quarantini LC. MicroRNAs as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Predictors of Antidepressant Response in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e56910. [PMID: 38665721 PMCID: PMC11043793 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the hardships of major depressive disorder (MDD), biomarkers for the diagnosis and pharmacological management of this condition are lacking. MicroRNAs are epigenetic mechanisms that could provide promising MDD biomarkers. Our aim was to summarize the findings and provide validation for the selection and use of specific microRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Embase, and LILACS databases from March 2022 to November 2023, with clusters of terms based on "microRNA" and "antidepressant". Studies involving human subjects, animal models, and cell cultures were included, whereas those that evaluated herbal medicines, non-pharmacological therapies, or epigenetic mechanisms other than miRNA were excluded. The review revealed differences in the expression of various microRNAs when considering the time of assessment (before or after antidepressant treatment) and the population studied. However, due to the heterogeneity of the microRNAs investigated, the limited size of the samples, and the wide variety of antidepressants used, few conclusions could be made. Despite the observed heterogeneity, the following microRNAs were determined to be important factors in MDD and the antidepressant response: mir-1202, mir-135, mir-124, and mir-16. The findings indicate the potential for the use of microRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD; however, more homogeneous studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Carneiro
- Medicine, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BRA
| | | | - Daniel Lins-Silva
- Medicine, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BRA
| | - Daniela Faria Guimaraes
- Medicine, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BRA
| | - Lucca S Souza
- Medicine, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BRA
| | - Gustavo C Leal
- Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BRA
| | - Ana Teresa Caliman-Fontes
- Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BRA
| | - Graziele Beanes
- Medicine, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BRA
| | - Ryan Dos S Costa
- Medicine, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BRA
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Sala-Cirtog M, Sirbu IO. Analysis of MicroRNA-Transcription Factors Co-Regulatory Network Linking Depression and Vitamin D Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1114. [PMID: 38256187 PMCID: PMC10815958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression and vitamin D deficiency are often co-occurring pathologies, the common pathogenetic ground of which includes an augmented inflammatory response. However, the molecular details of this relationship remain unclear. Here, we used a bioinformatic approach to analyze GEO transcriptome datasets of major depressive disorder (MDD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) to identify the hub genes within the regulatory networks of commonly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The MDD-VDD shared regulatory network contains 100 DEGs (71 upregulated and 29 downregulated), with six hub genes (PECAM1, TLR2, PTGS2, LRRK2, HCK, and IL18) all significantly upregulated, of which PTGS2 (also known as COX2) shows the highest inference score and reference count. The subsequent analysis of the miRNA-transcription factors network identified COX2, miR-146a-5p, and miR-181c-5p as key co-regulatory actors in the MDD-VDD shared molecular pathogenic mechanisms. Subsequent analysis of published MDD and VDD transcriptome data confirmed the importance of the identified hub genes, further validating our bioinformatic analytical pipeline. Our study demonstrated that PTGS2 was highly upregulated in both depressive patients and patients with low vitamin D plasma levels. Therefore, regulators targeting PTGS2, like miR-146a-5p and miR181c-5p, may have great potential in controlling both diseases simultaneously, accentuating their role in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sala-Cirtog
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan-Ovidiu Sirbu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Complex Network Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, E. Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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7
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Valiuliene G, Valiulis V, Zentelyte A, Dapsys K, Germanavicius A, Navakauskiene R. Anti-neuroinflammatory microRNA-146a-5p as a potential biomarker for neuronavigation-guided rTMS therapy success in medication resistant depression disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115313. [PMID: 37572636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a challenging issue to address. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is commonly used but shows varying efficacy, necessitating a deeper understanding of depression physiology and rTMS mechanisms. Notably, an increasing amount of recent data has displayed the connection of TRD and its clinical outcome with chronic inflammatory processes. The current study included 19 TRD patients undergoing rTMS and 11 depressed patients responding to medication as a comparison group. We assessed therapeutic efficacy using MADRS, HAM-D-17, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 tests. Inflammatory markers, neurotrophins, and associated miRNAs were measured in patients blood serum before and during treatment. A control group of 18 healthy individuals provided baseline data. The results of our study showed significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins-6 and - 8 in TRD patients compared to drug-responders, which also related to more severe symptoms before treatment. In addition, TRD patients, both before and during treatment, exhibited higher average blood serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 and lower levels of anti-neuroinflammatory miR-146a-5p compared to healthy controls. We also observed that the expression of miR-16-5p, miR-93-5p, and especially miR-146a-5p correlated with clinical changes following rTMS. Our study confirmed that TRD patients possess a higher inflammatory status, while the anti-neuroinflammatory miR-146a-5p was demonstrated to have a considerable potential for predicting their rTMS treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Valiuliene
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vladas Valiulis
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital, Parko str. 21, LT-11205 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Zentelyte
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kastytis Dapsys
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital, Parko str. 21, LT-11205 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Germanavicius
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital, Parko str. 21, LT-11205 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ruta Navakauskiene
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Yuan M, Yang B, Rothschild G, Mann JJ, Sanford LD, Tang X, Huang C, Wang C, Zhang W. Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:309. [PMID: 37644009 PMCID: PMC10465587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The heritability estimate of MDD is 30-40%, suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression. Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress. Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications. These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses, neuroplasticity impairment, neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction, which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD, and may identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA, RNA modification, and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD. In addition, we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gerson Rothschild
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Funatsuki T, Ogata H, Tahara H, Shimamoto A, Takekita Y, Koshikawa Y, Nonen S, Higasa K, Kinoshita T, Kato M. Changes in Multiple microRNA Levels with Antidepressant Treatment Are Associated with Remission and Interact with Key Pathways: A Comprehensive microRNA Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12199. [PMID: 37569574 PMCID: PMC10418406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual treatment outcomes to antidepressants varies widely, yet the determinants to this difference remain elusive. MicroRNA (miRNA) gene expression regulation in major depressive disorder (MDD) has attracted interest as a biomarker. This 4-week randomized controlled trial examined changes in the plasma miRNAs that correlated with the treatment outcomes of mirtazapine (MIR) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) monotherapy. Pre- and post- treatment, we comprehensively analyzed the miRNA levels in MDD patients, and identified the gene pathways linked to these miRNAs in 46 patients. Overall, 141 miRNA levels significantly demonstrated correlations with treatment remission after 4 weeks of MIR, with miR-1237-5p showing the most robust and significant correlation after Bonferroni correction. These 141 miRNAs displayed a negative correlation with remission, indicating a decreasing trend. These miRNAs were associated with 15 pathways, including TGF-β and MAPK. Through database searches, the genes targeted by these miRNAs with the identified pathways were compared, and it was found that MAPK1, IGF1, IGF1R, and BRAF matched. Alterations in specific miRNAs levels before and after MIR treatment correlated with remission. The miRNAs mentioned in this study have not been previously reported. No other studies have investigated treatment with MIR. The identified miRNAs also correlated with depression-related genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Funatsuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Hidetoshi Tahara
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8533, Japan;
| | - Akira Shimamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda 756-0084, Japan;
| | - Yoshiteru Takekita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Yosuke Koshikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Shinpei Nonen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 650-8530, Japan;
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Genome Analysis, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan;
| | - Toshihiko Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Masaki Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1191, Japan; (T.F.); (H.O.); (Y.T.); (Y.K.); (T.K.)
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10
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Brás JP, Pinto S, von Doellinger O, Prata J, Coelho R, Barbosa MA, Almeida MI, Santos SG. Combining inflammatory miRNA molecules as diagnostic biomarkers for depression: a clinical study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1227618. [PMID: 37575572 PMCID: PMC10413105 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1227618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation has been implicated in core features of depression pathophysiology and treatment resistance. Therefore, new challenges in the discovery of inflammatory mediators implicated in depression have emerged. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found aberrantly expressed in several pathologies, increasing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutical targets. In this study, the aim was to assess the changes and biomarker potential of inflammation-related miRNAs in depression patients. Methods Depression diagnosis was performed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). 40 healthy controls and 32 depression patients were included in the study. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma, and expression levels of cytokines and inflammation-related miRNAs were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results Depression patients were found to have a pro-inflammatory profile in plasma, with significantly higher levels of TNF-α and CCL2 compared with controls. In PBMCs of depression patients, TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels were significantly up and downregulated, respectively. Moreover, miR-342 levels were found upregulated, while miR-146a and miR-155 were significantly downregulated. miR-342 expression levels were positively correlated with TNF-α. Importantly, when analyzed as a diagnostic panel, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of miR-342, miR-146a, miR-155 in combination, showed to be highly specific and sensitive in distinguishing between depression patients and healthy controls. Conclusion In summary, these findings suggest that inflammation-related miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in depression patients. Moreover, we show evidences on the potential of the combination of dysregulated miRNAs as a powerful diagnostic tool for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Brás
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pinto
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Orlando von Doellinger
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departmento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Joana Prata
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rui Coelho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departmento de Neurociências Clínicas e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Adolfo Barbosa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Almeida
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Gomes Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Liu JJ, Long YF, Xu P, Guo HD, Cui GH. Pathogenesis of miR-155 on nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:122. [PMID: 37452431 PMCID: PMC10347850 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system and is the primary cause of dementia. It is clinically characterized by the memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, visuospatial and executive dysfunction, behavioral changes, and so on. Incidence of this disease was bound up with age, genetic factors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunction, and other basic diseases, but the exact etiology has not been clarified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that were involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. miRNAs have been extensively studied as noninvasive potential biomarkers for disease due to their relative stability in bodily fluids. In addition, they play a significant role in the physiological and pathological processes of various neurological disorders, including stroke, AD, and Parkinson's disease. MiR-155, as an important pro-inflammatory mediator of neuroinflammation, was reported to participate in the progression of β-amyloid peptide and tau via regulating immunity and inflammation. In this review, we put emphasis on the effects of miR-155 on AD and explore the underlying biological mechanisms which could provide a novel approach for diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yun-Fan Long
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guo-Hong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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12
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Shi M, Lu Q, Zhao Y, Ding Z, Yu S, Li J, Ji M, Fan H, Hou S. miR-223: a key regulator of pulmonary inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1187557. [PMID: 37465640 PMCID: PMC10350674 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1187557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), are vital for the regulation of diverse biological processes. miR-223, an evolutionarily conserved anti-inflammatory miRNA expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage, has been implicated in the regulation of monocyte-macrophage differentiation, proinflammatory responses, and the recruitment of neutrophils. The biological functions of this gene are regulated by its expression levels in cells or tissues. In this review, we first outline the regulatory role of miR-223 in granulocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Then, we summarize the possible role of miR-223 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other pulmonary inflammatory diseases to better understand the molecular regulatory networks in pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Shi
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianying Lu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziling Ding
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengjun Ji
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Coelho A, Lima-Bastos S, Gobira P, Lisboa S. Endocannabinoid signaling and epigenetics modifications in the neurobiology of stress-related disorders. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220034. [PMID: 37520658 PMCID: PMC10372471 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure is associated with psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is also a vulnerability factor to developing or reinstating substance use disorder. Stress causes several changes in the neuro-immune-endocrine axis, potentially resulting in prolonged dysfunction and diseases. Changes in several transmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glucocorticoids, and cytokines, are associated with psychiatric disorders or behavioral alterations in preclinical studies. Complex and interacting mechanisms make it very difficult to understand the physiopathology of psychiatry conditions; therefore, studying regulatory mechanisms that impact these alterations is a good approach. In the last decades, the impact of stress on biology through epigenetic markers, which directly impact gene expression, is under intense investigation; these mechanisms are associated with behavioral alterations in animal models after stress or drug exposure, for example. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system modulates stress response, reward circuits, and other physiological functions, including hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and immune response. eCBs, for example, act retrogradely at presynaptic neurons, limiting the release of neurotransmitters, a mechanism implicated in the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects after stress. Epigenetic mechanisms can impact the expression of eCB system molecules, which in turn can regulate epigenetic mechanisms. This review will present evidence of how the eCB system and epigenetic mechanisms interact and the consequences of this interaction in modulating behavioral changes after stress exposure in preclinical studies or psychiatric conditions. Moreover, evidence that correlates the involvement of the eCB system and epigenetic mechanisms in drug abuse contexts will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. Coelho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sávio Lima-Bastos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Gobira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina F. Lisboa
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Tseng CC, Wang SC, Yang YC, Fu HC, Chou CK, Kang HY, Hung YY. Aberrant Histone Modification of TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 in Major Depressive Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03374-z. [PMID: 37148522 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Activated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has been well investigated in major depressive disorder (MDD). We previously reported that TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 play important roles in regulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and may serve as novel targets in the pathogenesis of MDD. Recently, aberrant histone modification has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and mood disorder; the most thoroughly studied modification is histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3). In this work, we aimed to explore H3K4me3 differences in the promotors of genes encoding the abovementioned factors in patients with MDD, and whether they were altered after antidepressant treatment. A total of 30 MDD patients and 28 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected. The levels of H3K4me3 in the promoters of TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 were measured through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by DNA methylation assay. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate between-group differences after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and smoking. In comparison with healthy controls, patients with MDD showed significantly lower H3K4me3 levels in the promoters of TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 in PBMCs. These levels were not significantly altered after completion of a 4-week antidepressant treatment. To explore the association between depression severity and H3K4me3 levels, a multiple linear regression model was generated. The results revealed that levels of H3K4me3 in the TNIP2 promoters a negative correlation with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAND-17) score, whereas that of TLR4 had a positive correlation with this score. The present results suggest that decreased H3K4me3 levels in the promoters of the genes encoding TNFAIP3, TLR4, miR-146a, miR-155, and TNIP2 are involved in psychopathology of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chiao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 33004, Taiwan
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Nurse-Midwifery and Women Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kai Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yung Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Feng Shan Hospital - Under the management of Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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15
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Ben David G, Amir Y, Salalha R, Sharvit L, Richter-Levin G, Atzmon G. Can Epigenetics Predict Drug Efficiency in Mental Disorders? Cells 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 37190082 PMCID: PMC10136455 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders affect millions of individuals and their families worldwide, and the costs to society are substantial and are expected to rise due to a lack of effective treatments. Personalized medicine-customized treatment tailored to the individual-offers a solution. Although most mental diseases are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, finding genetic biomarkers that predict treatment efficacy has been challenging. This review highlights the potential of epigenetics as a tool for predicting treatment efficacy and personalizing medicine for psychiatric disorders. We examine previous studies that have attempted to predict treatment efficacy through epigenetics, provide an experimental model, and note the potential challenges at each stage. While the field is still in its infancy, epigenetics holds promise as a predictive tool by examining individual patients' epigenetic profiles in conjunction with other indicators. However, further research is needed, including additional studies, replication, validation, and application beyond clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ben David
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.B.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Yam Amir
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.A.)
| | - Randa Salalha
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.B.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Lital Sharvit
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.A.)
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.B.D.); (R.S.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.A.)
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16
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Ding R, Su D, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Wang JY, Lv S, Ji X. The role of microRNAs in depression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129186. [PMID: 37063278 PMCID: PMC10090555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide. It is a leading cause of disability and suicide, severely affecting physical and mental health. However, the study of depression remains at an exploratory stage in terms of diagnostics and treatment due to the complexity of its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs are endogenous short-stranded non-coding RNAs capable of binding to the 3’untranslated region of mRNAs. Because of their ability to repress translation process of genes and are found at high levels in brain tissues, investigation of their role in depression has gradually increased recently. This article summarizes recent research progress on the relationship between microRNAs and depression. The microRNAs play a regulatory role in the pathophysiology of depression, involving dysregulation of monoamines, abnormalities in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and dysregulation of inflammatory responses. These microRNAs might provide new clue for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD, and the development of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Dingyuan Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- San-Quan College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shuangyu Lv
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangyu Lv, ; Xinying Ji,
| | - Xinying Ji
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangyu Lv, ; Xinying Ji,
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Ryan KM, Smyth P, Blackshields G, Kranaster L, Sartorius A, Sheils O, McLoughlin DM. Electroconvulsive Stimulation in Rats Induces Alterations in the Hippocampal miRNome: Translational Implications for Depression. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1150-1163. [PMID: 36414911 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the development of depression and its treatment. Here, we used the hypothesis-neutral approach of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to gain comprehensive understanding of the effects of a course of electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS), the animal model equivalent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), on rat hippocampal miRNAs. Significant differential expression (p < 0.001) of six hippocampal miRNAs was noted following NGS, after correcting for multiple comparisons. Three of these miRNAs were upregulated (miR-132, miR-212, miR-331) and three downregulated (miR-204, miR-483, miR-301a). qRT-PCR confirmed significant changes in four of the six miRNAs (miR-132, miR-212, miR-204, miR-483). miR-483 was also significantly reduced in frontal cortex, though no other significant alterations were noted in frontal cortex, cerebellum, or whole blood. Assessing the translatability of the results, miR-132 and miR-483 were significantly reduced in whole blood samples from medicated patients with depression (n = 50) compared to healthy controls (n = 45), though ECT had no impact on miRNA levels. Notably, pre-ECT miR-204 levels moderately positively correlated with depression severity at baseline and moderately negatively correlated with mood score reduction post-ECT. miRNAs were also examined in cerebrospinal fluid and serum from a separate cohort of patients (n = 8) treated with ECT; no significant changes were noted post-treatment. However, there was a large positive correlation between changes in miR-212 and mood score post-ECT in serum. Though replication studies using larger sample sizes are required, alterations in miRNA expression may be informative about the mechanism of action of ECS/ECT and in turn might give insight into the neurobiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Paul Smyth
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gordon Blackshields
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Kranaster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Sartorius
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty, Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Potential of Circulating miRNAs as Molecular Markers in Mood Disorders and Associated Suicidal Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054664. [PMID: 36902096 PMCID: PMC10003208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders associated with significant disability, morbidity, and mortality. The risk of suicide is associated with severe or mixed depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders. However, the risk of suicide increases with the severity of depressive episodes and is often presented with higher incidences in bipolar disorder (BD) patients than in patients with major depression (MDD). Biomarker study in neuropsychiatric disorders is critical for developing better treatment plans by facilitating more accurate diagnosis. At the same time, biomarker discovery also provides more objectivity to develop state-of-the-art personalized medicine with increased accuracy through clinical interventions. Recently, colinear changes in miRNA expression between brain and systemic circulation have added great interest in examining their potential as molecular markers in mental disorders, including MDD, BD, and suicidality. A present understanding of circulating miRNAs in body fluids implicates their role in managing neuropsychiatric conditions. Most notably, their use as prognostic and diagnostic markers and their potential role in treatment response have significantly advanced our knowledge base. The present review discusses circulatory miRNAs and their underlying possibilities to be used as a screening tool for assessing major psychiatric conditions, including MDD, BD, and suicidal behavior.
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Zwolińska W, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Słopień A. Biomarkers in Child and Adolescent Depression. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:266-281. [PMID: 34590201 PMCID: PMC9867683 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder in the pediatric population, the pathophysiology of this condition remains unclear, and the treatment outcomes poor. Investigating tools that might aid in diagnosing and treating early-onset depression seems essential in improving the prognosis of the future disease course. Recent studies have focused on searching for biomarkers that constitute biochemical indicators of MDD susceptibility, diagnosis, or treatment outcome. In comparison to increasing evidence of possible biomarkers in adult depression, the studies investigating this subject in the youth population are lacking. This narrative review aims to summarize research on molecular and biochemical biomarkers in child and adolescent depression in order to advocate future directions in the research on this subject. More studies on depression involving the youth population seem vital to comprehend the natural course of the disease and identify features that may underlie commonly observed differences in treatment outcomes between adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Zwolińska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna St. 27/33, 60-572, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Medical Biology Center, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka St. 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna St. 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
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20
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The protective effects of curcumin on depression: Genes, transcription factors, and microRNAs involved. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:526-537. [PMID: 36162691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to identify the molecular mechanisms for curcumin's anti-depressant properties, including genes, transcription factors, and miRNAs. METHODS The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, GeneMania, Metascape, MIENTURNET, and Cytoscape software were used as important data approaches in this study. RESULTS Curcumin may have an anti-depressant effect via the relevant genes: ADORA2A, ALB, BDNF, FGF2, GLO1, GSK3B, IL6, MIF, NOS1, PTGS2, RELN, SELP, SOD1, and NR3C1. Co-expression (50.7 %) and physical interactions (28.7 %) were the primary relationships discovered by gene network analysis. The key pathways involved in curcumin's protective function against depression were "spinal cord injury", "regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway", "positive regulation of protein phosphorylation", "folate metabolism", "neuroinflammation and glutamatergic signaling", and "inflammation response". We also observed 74 miRNAs associated with depression that are targeted by curcumin, with hsa-miR-146a-5p having the greatest expression and interaction. PLSCR1, SNAI1, ZNF267, ATF3, and GTF2B were the most important transcription factors that regulated four curcumin-targeted genes. Curcumin's physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetics are consistent with its antidepressant effects due to its high gastrointestinal absorption, which did not remove it from the CNS, and its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Curcumin also inhibits CYP1A9 and CYP3A4. LIMITATIONS A toxicogenomic design in silico was applied. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that therapy optimization and further research into curcumin's pharmacological properties are required before it may be utilized to treat depression.
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Long Noncoding RNA LINC00473 Ameliorates Depression-Like Behaviors in Female Mice by Acting as a Molecular Sponge to Regulate miR-497-5p/BDNF Axis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4244425. [PMID: 36072768 PMCID: PMC9441382 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4244425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Depression was a common life-threatening psychiatric disorder and occurs more frequently in women than in men. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as LINC00473, had been reported to be involved in the progression of depression. Methods. Chronic unpredictable moderate stress in mice (CUMS) was applied to construct a depression model. Subsequently, RT-qPCR was applied to check the level of LINC00473 and microRNA-497-5p (miR-497-5p) in the hippocampal region of the mice induced by CUMS. CUMS mice were injected with lentiviral vectors of LINC00473 (LV-LINC00473), miR-497-5p inhibitor, short hairpin- (sh-) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (sh-BDNF), or miR-497-5p mimic to evaluate depressive behaviors, including sucrose preference test, forced swim test, elevated plus maze, and tail suspension test. Moreover, the production of hypothalamic neurotransmitters was assessed with the usage of ELISA kits. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down, and RIP analysis were performed to measure the relationship between miR-497-5p and LINC00473 or BDNF. Further, western blot was employed to determine the protein level of BDNF. Results. We discovered that LINC00473 level was downregulated in the female mice with depression, but not in male mice. Besides, the depressive behaviors induced by CUMS in mice, including the decrease of sucrose preference and time in open arm, as well as the increase of immobility time and swimming resting time were all ameliorated by LINC00473 overexpression. Moreover, the concentration of neurotransmitters was decreased in CUMS-induced mouse hypothalamus, which was blocked by LV-LINC00473 lentiviral vector administration. Mechanistically, LINC00473 directly targeted miR-497-5p. Absence of miR-497-5p revealed the antidepression effects on CUMS-induced mice, and miR-497-5p upregulation could counter the antidepressive impacts of LINC00473 upregulation on CUMS-induced mice. Furthermore, LINC00473 could target miR-497-5p to modulate BDNF level. Knockdown of BDNF could abrogate the improving influences of miR-497-5p suppression on CUMS-induced depression. Conclusions. LINC00473 ameliorated CUMS-caused depression by encouraging BDNF expression via binding to miR-497-5p, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for depression in females.
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Zhang J, Li P, Zhao G, He S, Xu D, Jiang W, Peng Q, Li Z, Xie Z, Zhang H, Xu Y, Qi L. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protect retina in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa by anti-inflammation through miR-146a-Nr4a3 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:394. [PMID: 35922863 PMCID: PMC9351183 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinitis pigmentosa is a rod-cone degenerative disease that induces irreversible vision loss. This study probed the protective capacity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived small EVs (MSC-EVs) on the retinas of rd10 mice and the underlying mechanism.
Methods MSC-EVs were injected into the vitreous of rd10 mice at postnatal day 14 and P21; morphology and function were examined at P28. The mechanism of action was explored by using co-culture of photoreceptor cell line 661 W and microglia cell line BV2.
Results Treatment with MSC-EVs increased the survival of photoreceptors and preserved their structure. Visual function, as reflected by optomotor and electroretinogram responses, was significantly enhanced in MSC-EVs-treated rd10 mice. Mechanistically, staining for Iba1, GFAP, F4/80, CD68 and CD206 showed that MSC-EVs suppressed the activation of microglial, Müller glial and macrophages. Furthermore, western blotting showed that the treatment inhibited the NF-κB pathway. RNA-seq and qPCR showed that MSC-EVs upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines while downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. MSC-EVs application in vitro decreased the number of TUNEL-positive 661 W cells co-cultured with LPS-stimulated BV2, with similar impact on the cytokine expression as in vivo study. Genetic screening predicted miR-146a to be the downstream target of MSC-EVs, which was detected in MSC-EVs and upregulated in co-cultured 661 W cells and BV2 cells after MSC-EVs treatment. Upregulation of miR-146a by using its mimic decreased the expression of the transcription factor Nr4a3, and its downregulation inhibition promoted Nr4a3 expression in both 661 W and BV2 cells. Nr4a3 was further identified as the target gene of miR-146a by dual-luciferase assay. Furthermore, overexpressing miR-146a significantly decreased the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells. Conclusions MSC-EVs delays retinal degeneration in rd10 mice mainly by its anti-inflammatory effect via the miR-146a-Nr4a3axis. Hence, MSC-EVs may be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03100-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengdong Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqi He
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.,College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin City, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Di Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Qian Peng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Han Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ling Qi
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24 Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China.
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Tsermpini EE, Kalogirou CI, Kyriakopoulos GC, Patrinos GP, Stathopoulos C. miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and pharmacogenomic indicators in psychiatric disorders. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2022; 22:211-222. [PMID: 35725816 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-022-00283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders and the lack of reliable biomarkers for prediction and treatments follow-up pose difficulties towards recognition and understanding of the molecular basis of psychiatric diseases. However, several studies based on NGS approaches have shown that miRNAs could regulate gene expression during onset and disease progression and could serve as potential diagnostic and pharmacogenomics biomarkers during treatment. We provide herein a detailed overview of circulating miRNAs and their expression profiles as biomarkers in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder and their role in response to specific treatments. Bioinformatics analysis of miR-34a, miR-106, miR-134 and miR-132, which are common among SZ, BD and MDD patients, showed brain enrichment and involvement in the modulation of critical signaling pathways, which are often deregulated in psychiatric disorders. We propose that specific miRNAs support accurate diagnosis and effective precision treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christina I Kalogirou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Enhanced Cognition and Neurogenesis in miR-146b Deficient Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132002. [PMID: 35805086 PMCID: PMC9265316 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-146 family consists of two microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-146a and miR-146b, which are both known to suppress a variety of immune responses. Here in this study, we show that miR-146b is abundantly expressed in neuronal cells, while miR-146a is mainly expressed in microglia and astroglia of adult mice. Accordingly, miR-146b deficient (Mir146b-/-) mice exhibited anxiety-like behaviors and enhanced cognition. Characterization of cellular composition of Mir146b-/- mice using flow cytometry revealed an increased number of neurons and a decreased abundancy of astroglia in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, whereas microglia abundancy remained unchanged. Immunohistochemistry showed a higher density of neurons in the frontal cortex of Mir146b-/- mice, enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis as evidenced by an increased proliferation, and survival of newly generated cells with enhanced maturation into neuronal phenotype. No microglial activation or signs of neuroinflammation were observed in Mir146b-/- mice. Further analysis demonstrated that miR-146b deficiency is associated with elevated expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (Gdnf) mRNA in the hippocampus, which might be at least in part responsible for the observed neuronal expansion and the behavioral phenotype. This hypothesis is partially supported by the positive correlation between performance of mice in the object recognition test and Gdnf mRNA expression in Mir146b-/- mice. Together, these results show the distinct function of miR-146b in controlling behaviors and provide new insights in understanding cell-specific function of miR-146b in the neuronal and astroglial organization of the mouse brain.
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Kubota H, Yamada H, Sugimoto T, Wada N, Motoyama S, Saburi M, Miyawaki D, Wakana N, Kami D, Ogata T, Ibi M, Matoba S. Repeated Social Defeat Enhances CaCl 2-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion by Inhibiting the Early Fibrotic Response via the MAPK-MKP-1 Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040732. [PMID: 35203381 PMCID: PMC8870675 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is significantly associated with the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We investigated the effect of repeated social defeat (RSD) on AAA development. Eight-week-old male wild-type mice were exposed to RSD by being housed with larger CD-1 mice in a shared cage. They were subjected to vigorous physical contact. After the confirmation of depressive-like behavior, calcium chloride was applied to the infrarenal aorta of the mice. At one week, AAA development was comparable between the defeated and control mice, without any differences being observed in the accumulated macrophages or in the matrix metalloproteinase activity. At two weeks, the maximum diameter and circumference of the aneurysm were significantly increased in the defeated mice, and a significant decrease in periaortic fibrosis was also observed. Consistently, the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in the primarily cultured aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were significantly reduced in the defeated mice, which was accompanied by a substantial increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). The MKP-1 mRNA and protein expression levels during AAA were much higher in the defeated mice than they were in the control mice. Our findings demonstrate that RSD enhances AAA development by suppressing periaortic fibrosis after an acute inflammatory response and imply novel mechanisms that are associated with depression-related AAA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5511
| | - Takeshi Sugimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Naotoshi Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Shinichiro Motoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Makoto Saburi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Daisuke Miyawaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Noriyuki Wakana
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Masakazu Ibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan;
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (H.K.); (T.S.); (N.W.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.M.); (N.W.); (S.M.)
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Circulating hsa-let-7e-5p and hsa-miR-125a-5p as Possible Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorders. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3004338. [PMID: 35178127 PMCID: PMC8844308 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3004338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) could play a key role in the homeostasis and development of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. The present study is aimed at investigating the changes in circulating miRNA expression profiles in a plasma of patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) to distinguish and evaluate these molecules as biomarkers for mood disorders. Methods. A study enrolled a total of 184 subjects: 74 controls, 84 MDD patients, and 26 BD patients. Small RNA sequencing revealed 11 deregulated circulating miRNAs in MDD and BD plasma, of which expression of 5, hsa-miR-139-3p, miRNAs hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, and hsa-miR-483-5p, were further verified using qPCR. miRNA gene expression data was evaluated alongside the data from clinical assessment questionnaires. Results. hsa-let-7e-5p and hsa-miR-125a-5p were both confirmed upregulated: 0.75-fold and 0.25-fold, respectively, in the MDD group as well as 1.36-fold and 0.68-fold in the BD group. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed mediocre diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of both hsa-let-7e-5p and hsa-miR-125a-5p with approximate area under the curve (AOC) of 0.66. ROC analysis of combined miRNA and clinical assessment data showed that hsa-let-7e-5p and hsa-miR-125a-5p testing could improve MDD and BD diagnostic accuracy by approximately 10%. Conclusions. Circulating hsa-let-7e-5 and hsa-miR-125a-5p could serve as additional peripheral biomarkers for mood disorders; however, suicidal ideation remains the major diagnostic factor for MDD and BD.
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Pisanu C, Severino G, De Toma I, Dierssen M, Fusar-Poli P, Gennarelli M, Lio P, Maffioletti E, Maron E, Mehta D, Minelli A, Potier MC, Serretti A, Stacey D, van Westrhenen R, Xicota L, Baune BT, Squassina A. Transcriptional biomarkers of response to pharmacological treatments in severe mental disorders: A systematic review. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 55:112-157. [PMID: 35016057 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Variation in the expression level and activity of genes involved in drug disposition and action in tissues of pharmacological importance have been increasingly investigated in patients treated with psychotropic drugs. Findings are promising, but reliable predictive biomarkers of response have yet to be identified. Here we conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and PsycInfo up to 12 September 2020 for studies investigating RNA expression levels in cells or biofluids from patients with major depressive disorder, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder characterized for response to psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, antipsychotics or mood stabilizers) or adverse effects. Among 5497 retrieved studies, 123 (63 on antidepressants, 33 on antipsychotics and 27 on mood stabilizers) met inclusion criteria. Studies were either focused on mRNAs (n = 96), microRNAs (n = 19) or long non-coding RNAs (n = 1), with only a minority investigating both mRNAs and microRNAs levels (n = 7). The most replicated results include genes playing a role in inflammation (antidepressants), neurotransmission (antidepressants and antipsychotics) or mitochondrial function (mood stabilizers). Compared to those investigating response to antidepressants, studies focused on antipsychotics or mood stabilizers more often showed lower sample size and lacked replication. Strengths and limitations of available studies are presented and discussed in light of the specific designs, methodology and clinical characterization of included patients for transcriptomic compared to DNA-based studies. Finally, future directions of transcriptomics of psychopharmacological interventions in psychiatric disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilario De Toma
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Intervention and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Lio
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eduard Maron
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Divya Mehta
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - David Stacey
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roos van Westrhenen
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology&Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London, UK
| | - Laura Xicota
- Paris Brain Institute ICM, Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Jiang Y, Ghias K, Gupta S, Gupta A. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Exercise-Based Cancer Rehabilitation in Cancer Survivors. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1439. [PMID: 34947970 PMCID: PMC8707107 DOI: 10.3390/life11121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely investigated in cancer treatment-induced complications and as a response to physical activity, respectively, but few studies focus on the application of miRNAs as biomarkers in exercise-based cancer rehabilitation. Research has shown that certain miRNA expression is altered substantially due to tissue damage caused by cancer treatment and chronic inflammation. MiRNAs are released from the damaged tissue and can be easily detected in blood plasma. Levels of the miRNA present in peripheral circulation can therefore be used to measure the extent of tissue damage. Moreover, damage to tissues such as cardiac and skeletal muscle significantly affects the individual's health-related fitness, which can be determined using physiologic functional assessments. These physiologic parameters are a measure of tissue health and function and can therefore be correlated with the levels of circulating miRNAs. In this paper, we reviewed miRNAs whose expression is altered during cancer treatment and may correlate to physiological, physical, and psychological changes that significantly impact the quality of life of cancer survivors and their role in response to physical activity. We aim to identify potential miRNAs that can not only be used for monitoring changes that occur in health-related fitness during cancer treatment but can also be used to evaluate response to exercise-based rehabilitation and monitor individual progress through the rehabilitation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ananya Gupta
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (Y.J.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
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Emerging role of microRNAs as novel targets of antidepressants. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 66:102906. [PMID: 34740127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ortega MA, Alvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Muñoz-Merida L, Mora F, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Fernandez-Rojo S, Quintero J, Álvarez-Mon M. MicroRNAs as Critical Biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Perspective. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111659. [PMID: 34829888 PMCID: PMC8615526 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) represents a major global health concern, a body-mind malady of rising prevalence worldwide nowadays. The complex network of mechanisms involved in MDD pathophysiology is subjected to epigenetic changes modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Serum free or vesicles loaded miRNAs have starred numerous publications, denoting a key role in cell-cell communication, systematically and in brain structure and neuronal morphogenesis, activity and plasticity. Upregulated or downregulated expression of these signaling molecules may imply the impairment of genes implicated in pathways of MDD etiopathogenesis (neuroinflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, circadian rhythms...). In addition, these miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value, allowing to classify severity of the disease or to make decisions in clinical management. They have been considered as promising therapy targets as well and may interfere with available antidepressant treatments. As epigenetic malleable regulators, we also conclude emphasizing lifestyle interventions with physical activity, mindfulness and diet, opening the door to new clinical management considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (L.M.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (J.Q.)
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (L.M.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (L.M.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (L.M.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (L.M.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (L.M.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Muñoz-Merida
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (L.M.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
| | - Fernando Mora
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), CIBERSAM, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernandez-Rojo
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Quintero
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (L.M.-M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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The miRNome of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111312. [PMID: 34768740 PMCID: PMC8582693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is an effect of complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. It is well established that stress responses are associated with multiple modest and often dynamic molecular changes in the homeostatic balance, rather than with a single genetic factor that has a strong phenotypic penetration. As depression is a multifaceted phenotype, it is important to study biochemical pathways that can regulate the overall allostasis of the brain. One such biological system that has the potential to fine-tune a multitude of diverse molecular processes is RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is an epigenetic process showing a very low level of evolutionary diversity, and relies on the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression using, in the case of mammals, primarily short (17–23 nucleotides) noncoding RNA transcripts called microRNAs (miRNA). In this review, our objective was to examine, summarize and discuss recent advances in the field of biomedical and clinical research on the role of miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression in the development of depression. We focused on studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue of individuals with depression, as well as research aiming to elucidate the biomarker potential of miRNAs in depression and antidepressant response.
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Uncovering the Roles of MicroRNAs in Major Depressive Disorder: From Candidate Diagnostic Biomarkers to Treatment Response Indicators. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101073. [PMID: 34685444 PMCID: PMC8538902 DOI: 10.3390/life11101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent debilitating illness that represents a major health burden due to its increasing worldwide prevalence, unclear pathological mechanism, nonresponsive treatment, and lack of reliable and specific diagnostic biomarkers. Recently, microRNA species (miRs) have gained particular interest because they have the ability to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by modulating mRNA stability and translation in a cohesive fashion. By regulating entire genetic circuitries, miRs have been shown to have dysregulated expression levels in blood samples from MDD patients, when compared to healthy subjects. In addition, antidepressant treatment (AD) also appears to alter the expression pattern of several miRs. Therefore, we critically and systematically reviewed herein the studies assessing the potential biomarker role of several candidate miRs for MDD, as well as treatment response monitoring indicators, in order to enrich the current knowledge and facilitate possible diagnostic biomarker development for MDD, which could aid in reducing both patients' burden and open novel avenues toward a better understanding of MDD neurobiology.
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Hung YY, Chou CK, Yang YC, Fu HC, Loh EW, Kang HY. Exosomal let-7e, miR-21-5p, miR-145, miR-146a and miR-155 in Predicting Antidepressants Response in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101428. [PMID: 34680545 PMCID: PMC8533438 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular microRNAs that negatively regulate Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, that the distribution of these microRNAs in exosomes could be a biomarker of central nervous system diseases is just beginning to be explored. In the present study, we isolated serum exosomes from patients with MDD and healthy controls to explore the levels of exosomal microRNAs, including let-7e, miR-21-5p, miR-223, miR-145, miR-146a, and miR-155. We also investigated the changes of these exosomal microRNAs after antidepressant treatment and their association with clinical changes in scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. An ANCOVA adjusted by age, sex, BMI, and smoking showed higher expression levels of miR-146a (p = 0.006) in patients with MDD compared to controls. Patients who achieved remission showed significantly lower let-7e, miR-21-5p, miR-145, miR-146a, and miR-155 levels before treatment and increased levels after antidepressant treatment compared with the non-remission group. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, let-7e, miR-145, and miR-146a showed acceptable discrimination between the remission and non-remission groups, whereas miR-21-5p and miR-155 showed poor discrimination. These findings demonstrate that exosomal microRNAs may play essential roles in predicting antidepressants response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yung Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.H.); (H.-Y.K.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 6319) (Y.-Y.H.); +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8898) (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Chen-Kai Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Chun Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - El-Wui Loh
- Center for Evidence-Based Health Care, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.H.); (H.-Y.K.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 6319) (Y.-Y.H.); +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8898) (H.-Y.K.)
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Shi Y, Wang Q, Song R, Kong Y, Zhang Z. Non-coding RNAs in depression: Promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103569. [PMID: 34521053 PMCID: PMC8441067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, are important regulators of normal biological processes and their abnormal expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases including depression. Multiple studies have demonstrated a significantly increased or reduced ncRNAs expression in depressed patients compared with healthy subjects and that antidepressant therapy can alter the aberrant expression of ncRNAs in depressed patients. Although the existing evidence is important, it is also mixed and a comprehensive review to guide an effective clinical translation is lacking. Focused on human research, this review summarizes clinical findings of ncRNAs in depression, including those in brain tissues and peripheral samples. We outlined the characteristics and functions of ncRNAs and highlighted their performance in the diagnosis and treatment of depression. Although their precise roles in depression remain uncertain, ncRNAs have shown potential value as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ruize Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Research Center for Brain Health, Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510330, China.
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35
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MicroRNA Let-7e in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex Differentiates Restraint-Stress-Resilient Genotypes from Susceptible Genotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179439. [PMID: 34502349 PMCID: PMC8430919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three strains of mice with various susceptibilities to restraint stress (RS), i.e., mice with a knocked out norepinephrine transporter gene (NET-KO), SWR/J and C57BL/6J (WT) mice were shown to serve as a good model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying different stress-coping strategies. We identified 14 miRNAs that were altered by RS in the PFC of these mice in a genotype-dependent manner, where the most interesting was let-7e. Further in silico analysis of its potential targets allowed us to identify five mRNAs (Bcl2l11, Foxo1, Pik3r1, Gab1 and Map2k4), and their level alterations were experimentally confirmed. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, which was employed to find transcripts differentially expressed in the PFC of NET-KO and WT mice, showed that, among others, two additional mRNAs were regulated by mmu-let-7e, i.e., mRNAs that encode Kmt2d and Inf2. Since an increase in Bcl2l11 and Pik3r1 mRNAs upon RS in the PFC of WT mice resulted from the decrease in mmu-let-7e and mmu-miR-484 regulations, we postulated that MAPK, FoxO and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were associated with stress resilience, although via different, genotype-dependent regulation of various mRNAs by let-7e and miR-484. However, a higher level of Kmt2d mRNA (regulated by let-7e) that was found with NGS analysis in the PFC of NET-KO mice indicated that histone methylation was also important for stress resilience.
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36
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Kim HK, Zai G, Hennings JM, Müller DJ, Kloiber S. Changes in RNA expression levels during antidepressant treatment: a systematic review. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1461-1477. [PMID: 34415438 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
More than a third of patients treated with antidepressants experience treatment resistance. Furthermore, molecular pathways involved in antidepressant effect have yet to be fully understood. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of clinical studies that examined changes in RNA expression levels produced by antidepressant treatment. Literature search was performed through April 2021 for peer-reviewed studies measuring changes in mRNA or non-coding RNA levels before and after antidepressant treatment in human participants following PRISMA guidelines. Thirty-one studies were included in qualitative synthesis. We identified a large amount of heterogeneity between the studies for genes/RNAs measured, antidepressants used, and treatment duration. Of the six RNAs examined by more than one study, expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and genes in the inflammation pathway, particularly IL-1β, were consistently reported to be altered by antidepressant treatment. Limitations of this review include heterogeneity of the studies, possibility of positive publication bias, and risk of false-negative findings secondary to small sample sizes. In conclusion, our systematic review provides an updated synthesis of RNA expression changes produced by antidepressant treatment in human participants, where genes in the BDNF and inflammatory pathways were identified as potential targets of antidepressant effect. Importantly, these findings also highlight the need for replication of the included studies in multiple strong, placebo-controlled studies for the identification of evidence-based markers that can be targeted to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6H 1J4, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6H 1J4, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6H 1J4, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Chiang TI, Hung YY, Wu MK, Huang YL, Kang HY. TNIP2 mediates GRβ-promoted inflammation and is associated with severity of major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:454-461. [PMID: 33932528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In depression, continual activation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis with excess cortisol release leads to impair sensitivity of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and increase activity of the pro-inflammatory immune responses. Aberrant expression of GR has been associated with inflammation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Our previous studies showed that the aberrant expression of TNFAIP3 gene, which encodes the NF-κB regulatory protein A20, TNFAIP3-associated proteins and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in inflammation-associated depression. However, the link between desensitization of GR actions and negative regulation of the TLRs-mediated inflammatory pathway in MDD is yet to be established. Here, we examined the association of depression severity, measured via the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), with the mRNA expression profiling of GRα, GRβ, TNFAIP3-interacting proteins (TNIP), including TNIP1, TNIP2, and TNIP3, and TNFAIP3-like proteins, such as cezanne1, cezanne2, trabid, and valosin-containing protein p97/p47 complex-interacting protein p135 (VCIP135), in monocytes from 69 patients with MDD and 42 healthy controls. Herein we found the mRNA expressions of GRβ and TNIP2 were significantly higher in monocytes from patients with MDD. Notably, TNIP2 level was positively correlated with the GRβ expression and severity of depression, as determined via Pearson's correlation analysis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that overexpression of GRβ promotes the mRNA levels of TNIP2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in human monocytes. The promoting effect of GRβ on TNF-α expression was partially attenuated upon depletion of TNIP2, suggesting that TNIP2 was required for GRβ-mediated enhancement of TNF-α levels. Together, these results suggest that activation of GRβ/TNIP2/TNF-α axis may induce inflammation in MDD patients and targeting this newly identified pathway may help in the development of better therapeutic approaches to reduce the development of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-I Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yung Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kung Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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38
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McKibben LA, Dwivedi Y. Early-life stress induces genome-wide sex-dependent miRNA expression and correlation across limbic brain areas in rats. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1031-1056. [PMID: 34008410 PMCID: PMC8244583 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to assess regional- and sex-dependent changes in miRNA expression resulting from early-life stress (ELS). Materials and methods: Small RNA sequencing was used to determine sex-dependent changes in miRNAs after maternal separation, a rodent model of ELS, across the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. Results: Maternal separation induced anhedonia and altered miRNA expression in a sex-dependent manner, particularly in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Gene ontology revealed that these miRNAs target genes with brain-specific biological functions. Conclusion: Using a network approach to explore miRNA signaling across the brain after ELS, regional differences were highlighted as key to studying the brain’s stress response, which indicates that sex is critical for understanding miRNA-mediated ELS-induced behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A McKibben
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Wadhawan A, Reynolds MA, Makkar H, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Hoisington AJ, Brenner LA, Dagdag A, Lowry CA, Dwivedi Y, Postolache TT. Periodontal Pathogens and Neuropsychiatric Health. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1353-1397. [PMID: 31924157 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200110161105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence incriminates low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric clinical conditions, all important causes of morbidity and mortality. One of the upstream and modifiable precipitants and perpetrators of inflammation is chronic periodontitis, a polymicrobial infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) playing a central role in the disease pathogenesis. We review the association between P. gingivalis and cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric illness, and the molecular mechanisms potentially implicated in immune upregulation as well as downregulation induced by the pathogen. In addition to inflammation, translocation of the pathogens to the coronary and peripheral arteries, including brain vasculature, and gut and liver vasculature has important pathophysiological consequences. Distant effects via translocation rely on virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipains, on its synergistic interactions with other pathogens, and on its capability to manipulate the immune system via several mechanisms, including its capacity to induce production of immune-downregulating micro-RNAs. Possible targets for intervention and drug development to manage distal consequences of infection with P. gingivalis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, United States
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore 21201, United States
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, United States
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40
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Wu Y, Rong W, Jiang Q, Wang R, Huang H. Downregulation of lncRNA GAS5 Alleviates Hippocampal Neuronal Damage in Mice with Depression-Like Behaviors Via Modulation of MicroRNA-26a/EGR1 Axis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105550. [PMID: 33341564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidences have demonstrated the roles of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in depression. We aim to examine the capabilities of lncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) on mice with depression-like behaviors and the mechanism of action. METHODS Fifty-six healthy mice were selected for model establishment. Morris water maze test and trapeze test were performed for evaluating learning and memory ability. The binding relationship between lncRNA GAS5 and microRNA-26a (miR-26a) and the target relationship between miR-26a and EGR1 were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The apoptosis of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression of inflammatory factors, lncRNA GAS5, miR-26a, early growth response gene 1 (EGR1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway- and apoptosis-related factors in hippocampal tissues was tested by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS miR-26a expression was down-regulated while EGR1 and lncRNA GAS5 expression were up-regulated in hippocampal tissues of mice with depression-like behaviors. LncRNA GAS5 specifically bound to miR-26a and miR-26a targeted EGR1. Silencing of lncRNA GAS5 curtailed the release of inflammatory factors and the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron of mice with depression-like behaviors. EGR1 suppressed PI3K/AKT pathway activation to promote the release of inflammatory factors and the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in mice with depression-like behaviors. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that silencing of lncRNA GAS5 could activate PI3K/AKT pathway to protect hippocampal neurons against damage in mice with depression-like behaviors by regulating the miR-26a/EGR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigao Wu
- Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Wei Rong
- Department of Clinical Medical Psychology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Ruiquan Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Huilan Huang
- Department of Medical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2, Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, PR China.
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Miao C, Chang J. The important roles of microRNAs in depression: new research progress and future prospects. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:619-636. [PMID: 33641067 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-encoding, single-stranded RNA molecules of about 22 nucleotides in length encoded by endogenous genes involved in posttranscriptional gene expression regulation. Studies have shown that miRNAs participate in a series of important pathophysiological processes, including the pathogenesis of depression. This article systematically summarized the research results published in the field of miRNAs and depression, which mainly involved three topics: circulating miRNAs as markers for diagnosis and prognosis of depression, the regulatory roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of depression, and the roles of miRNAs in the mechanisms of depression treatment. By summarizing and analyzing the research literature in recent years, we found that some circulating miRNAs can be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of depression. miRNAs that disorderly expressed during the disease play important roles in the depression pathogenesis, and miRNAs also play roles in the mechanisms of psychotherapy and drug therapy for depression. Elucidating the important roles of miRNAs in depression will bring people's understanding of the pathogenesis of depression to a new level. In addition, these miRNAs may be developed as new biomarkers for diagnosing depression, or as drug targets, or these molecules may be used as new drugs, which may provide new means for the treatment of depression. KEY MESSAGES: • The research results of miRNAs and depression are reviewed. • Circulating miRNAs can be potential biomarkers for depression. • MiRNAs play important roles in the depression pathogenesis. • MiRNAs play important roles in drug therapy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Qianjiang Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, Anhui Province, China. .,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Compound, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China. .,Institute of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Fengyang, 233100, China.
| | - Jun Chang
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety and Mood Disorders: Molecular Targets and Epigenetic Insights from Preclinical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041863. [PMID: 33668469 PMCID: PMC7917759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is the most abundant non-psychoactive component of cannabis; it displays a very low affinity for cannabinoid receptors, facilitates endocannabinoid signaling by inhibiting the hydrolysis of anandamide, and stimulates both transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and 2 and serotonin type 1A receptors. Since CBD interacts with a wide variety of molecular targets in the brain, its therapeutic potential has been investigated in a number of neuropsychiatric diseases, including anxiety and mood disorders. Specifically, CBD has received growing attention due to its anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. As a consequence, and given its safety profile, CBD is considered a promising new agent in the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders. However, the exact molecular mechanism of action of CBD still remains unknown. In the present preclinical review, we provide a summary of animal-based studies that support the use of CBD as an anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like compound. Next, we describe neuropharmacological evidence that links the molecular pharmacology of CBD to its behavioral effects. Finally, by taking into consideration the effects of CBD on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs, we elaborate on the putative role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating CBD’s therapeutic outcomes.
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Maffioletti E, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Perusi G, Carvalho Silva R, Sacco C, Bazzanella R, Zampieri E, Bortolomasi M, Gennarelli M, Minelli A. Inflammation-related microRNAs are involved in stressful life events exposure and in trauma-focused psychotherapy in treatment-resistant depressed patients. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1987655. [PMID: 35070159 PMCID: PMC8772504 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1987655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 30% of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients are classified as resistant to treatment (treatment-resistant depression, TRD). Among the factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes, stressful life events play a relevant role, and trauma-focused psychotherapy has been successfully proposed for the treatment of patients with a history of such events. Stressful experiences are related to enhanced inflammation and, recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential mediators of the association between these experiences and psychiatric disorders. To date, no study has explored the effects of stressful life events on miRNAs in MDD patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to assess possible miRNA blood expression alterations in TRD patients induced by the exposure to stressful life events and to investigate the effects of trauma-focused psychotherapy on the expression profiles of the same miRNAs, as well as their possible predictivity in relation to therapy outcome. METHOD The basal levels (T0) of seven candidate miRNAs (miR-15a/miR-29a/miR-125b/miR-126/miR-146a/miR-195/let-7f) were measured in the whole blood of 41 TRD patients. A subgroup of patients (n = 21) underwent trauma-focused psychotherapy; for all of them, miRNA levels were also longitudinally assessed (T4: after 4 weeks of treatment; T8: end of treatment; T12: follow-up visit), contextually to clinical evaluations. RESULTS miR-146a levels negatively correlated with recent stressful life event scores (p = .001), whereas the levels of miR-15a, miR-29a, miR-126, miR-195, and let-7f changed during the psychotherapy (best p = 1.98*10-9). miR-29a was also identified as a response predictor, with lower baseline levels predicting non-response (p = .019) or worse improvement in mood symptoms (p = .032). CONCLUSIONS The study results could contribute to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and to identify novel biomarkers of stressful experiences and response to targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Como, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Giulia Perusi
- Psychiatric Hospital "Villa Santa Chiara", Verona, Italy
| | - Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Sacco
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Zampieri
- Psychiatric Hospital "Villa Santa Chiara", Verona, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
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Zhan Y, Han J, Xia J, Wang X. Berberine Suppresses Mice Depression Behaviors and Promotes Hippocampal Neurons Growth Through Regulating the miR-34b-5p/miR-470-5p/BDNF Axis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:613-626. [PMID: 33654403 PMCID: PMC7910094 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s289444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine has been found to inhibit the progression of depression disorder, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA) is considered to play an important role in the progression of depression. However, it is unclear whether Berberine is involved in the regulation of depression progression through miRNA. METHODS The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice model was constructed. Mice depression behaviors were evaluated by sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim test (FST). Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to assess the expression of miR-34b-5p, miR-470-5p and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The protein expression of BDNF was examined using Western blot analysis. In addition, the viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were determined using cell counting kit 8 assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The interaction between BDNF and miR-34b-5p or miR-470-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Our data indicated that Berberine could inhibit CUMS mice depression behaviors and enhance hippocampal neurons growth by targeting miR-34b-5p and miR-470-5p. In addition, we found that BDNF was a target of miR-34b-5p and miR-470-5p. Overexpressed BDNF could reverse the regulation of miR-34b-5p and miR-470-5p on CUMS mice depression behaviors and hippocampal neurons growth. Furthermore, Berberine could promote BDNF expression to regulate CUMS mice depression behaviors and hippocampal neurons growth. CONCLUSION Berberine might inhibit the progression of depression disorder by regulating the miR-34b-5p/miR-470-5p/BDNF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xumei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Yi LT, Zhu JX, Dong SQ, Chen M, Li CF. Berberine exerts antidepressant-like effects via regulating miR-34a-synaptotagmin1/Bcl-2 axis. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:116-123. [PMID: 36117760 PMCID: PMC9476493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Anderson G, Maes M. Mitochondria and immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 103:109976. [PMID: 32470498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the pathophysiology and treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) could be considerably improved. The heterogeneity of ME/CFS and the confusion over its classification have undoubtedly contributed to this, although this would seem a consequence of the complexity of the array of ME/CFS presentations and high levels of diverse comorbidities. This article reviews the biological underpinnings of ME/CFS presentations, including the interacting roles of the gut microbiome/permeability, endogenous opioidergic system, immune cell mitochondria, autonomic nervous system, microRNA-155, viral infection/re-awakening and leptin as well as melatonin and the circadian rhythm. This details not only relevant pathophysiological processes and treatment options, but also highlights future research directions. Due to the complexity of interacting systems in ME/CFS pathophysiology, clarification as to its biological underpinnings is likely to considerably contribute to the understanding and treatment of other complex and poorly managed conditions, including fibromyalgia, depression, migraine, and dementia. The gut and immune cell mitochondria are proposed to be two important hubs that interact with the circadian rhythm in driving ME/CFS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, UK.
| | - M Maes
- Dept Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dept Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.; IMPACT Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Figueroa-Hall LK, Paulus MP, Savitz J. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104843. [PMID: 32911436 PMCID: PMC7883590 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent, disabling, and costly mental illnesses currently affecting over 300 million people worldwide. A subset of depressed patients display inflammation as indicated by increased levels of proinflammatory mediators in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Longitudinal and experimental studies suggest that this inflammatory profile may causally contribute to the initiation, maintenance, or recurrence of depressive episodes in the context of major depressive disorder (MDD). While the mechanistic pathways that mediate these depressogenic effects have not yet been fully elucidated, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is one potential common inflammatory pathway. In this review, we focus on the role that inflammation plays in depression, TLR signaling and its plasticity as a candidate pathway, its regulation by micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for identification of inflammatory subtypes of depression. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that TLR expression and TLR signaling regulators are associated with MDD. Further, TLR expression and signaling is in-turn, regulated in part by miRNAs and some TLR-responsive miRNAs indirectly modulate pathways that are implicated in MDD pathophysiology. These data suggest an intersection between TLR signaling regulation and MDD-linked pathways. While these studies suggest that miRNAs play a role in the pathophysiology of MDD via their regulatory effects on TLR pathways, the utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and potential treatment targets remains to be determined. Developing new and innovative techniques or adapting established immunological approaches to mental health, should be at the forefront in moving the field forward, especially in terms of categorization of inflammatory subtypes in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; Oxley College of Health Sciences, 1215 S. Boulder Ave W., The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74199, United States.
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; Oxley College of Health Sciences, 1215 S. Boulder Ave W., The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74199, United States.
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Jiang X, Li J, Zhang B, Hu J, Ma J, Cui L, Chen ZJ. Differential expression profile of plasma exosomal microRNAs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2020; 115:782-792. [PMID: 33041053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine different expression profiles of plasma exosomal microRNA (miRNA) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and controls, and their potential roles in PCOS pathogenesis. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Center for reproductive medicine. PATIENT(S) Seventy-five PCOS patients and 75 age-matched controls. INTERVENTION(S) Plasma exosomes miRNAs sequenced from 15 PCOS patients and 15 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Plasma exosomal miRNA expression and the correlation between PCOS phenotypes and miRNA expression. RESULT(S) The sequenced plasma exosomes miRNAs were further determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a larger cohort, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to determine the association between PCOS phenotypes and miRNA expression. The miRNA sequencing revealed 34 exosomal miRNAs were differentially expressed between PCOS patients and controls. Via qRT-PCR, five differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-18a-3p) were identified. The GO and KEGG analyses predicted their target functions included axon guidance, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, endocytosis, circadian rhythms, and cancer pathways. The expression of these miRNAs correlated with menstrual cycle, antral follicle count, hormone level, and combined yielded a ROC curve area of 0.781 in discriminating PCOS patients from the controls. CONCLUSION(S) Differential expression of plasma exosomal miRNAs may confer a risk of PCOS and may be helpful in distinguishing PCOS patients from controls. Certain miRNA expression may associated to the disease progression, which could help in an epigenetic understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Cui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, People's Republic of China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Anderson G, Carbone A, Mazzoccoli G. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Role in Co-Ordinating SARS-CoV-2 Entry and Symptomatology: Linking Cytotoxicity Changes in COVID-19 and Cancers; Modulation by Racial Discrimination Stress. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E249. [PMID: 32867244 PMCID: PMC7564943 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an under-recognized role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in co-ordinating the entry and pathophysiology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that underpins the COVID-19 pandemic. The rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines during the 'cytokine storm' induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), leading to an increase in kynurenine that activates the AhR, thereby heightening the initial pro-inflammatory cytokine phase and suppressing the endogenous anti-viral response. Such AhR-driven changes underpin the heightened severity and fatality associated with pre-existent high-risk medical conditions, such as type II diabetes, as well as to how racial discrimination stress contributes to the raised severity/fatality in people from the Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. The AhR is pivotal in modulating mitochondrial metabolism and co-ordinating specialized, pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), the melatonergic pathways, acetyl-coenzyme A, and the cyclooxygenase (COX) 2-prostaglandin (PG) E2 pathway that underpin 'exhaustion' in the endogenous anti-viral cells, paralleling similar metabolic suppression in cytolytic immune cells that is evident across all cancers. The pro-inflammatory cytokine induced gut permeability/dysbiosis and suppression of pineal melatonin are aspects of the wider pathophysiological underpinnings regulated by the AhR. This has a number of prophylactic and treatment implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancers and future research directions that better investigate the biological underpinnings of social processes and how these may drive health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PB, UK;
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
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50
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Gibbons A, Sundram S, Dean B. Changes in Non-Coding RNA in Depression and Bipolar Disorder: Can They Be Used as Diagnostic or Theranostic Biomarkers? Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:E33. [PMID: 32846922 PMCID: PMC7549354 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The similarities between the depressive symptoms of Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) and Bipolar Disorders (BD) suggest these disorders have some commonality in their molecular pathophysiologies, which is not apparent from the risk genes shared between MDD and BD. This is significant, given the growing literature suggesting that changes in non-coding RNA may be important in both MDD and BD, because they are causing dysfunctions in the control of biochemical pathways that are affected in both disorders. Therefore, understanding the changes in non-coding RNA in MDD and BD will lead to a better understanding of how and why these disorders develop. Furthermore, as a significant number of individuals suffering with MDD and BD do not respond to medication, identifying non-coding RNA that are altered by the drugs used to treat these disorders offer the potential to identify biomarkers that could predict medication response. Such biomarkers offer the potential to quickly identify patients who are unlikely to respond to traditional medications so clinicians can refocus treatment strategies to ensure more effective outcomes for the patient. This review will focus on the evidence supporting the involvement of non-coding RNA in MDD and BD and their potential use as biomarkers for treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gibbons
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; (S.S.); (B.D.)
- The Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; (S.S.); (B.D.)
- The Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; (S.S.); (B.D.)
- The Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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