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Morosini C, Vivarelli F, Rullo L, Volino E, Losapio LM, Paolini M, Romualdi P, Canistro D, Candeletti S. Unburned Tobacco Smoke Affects Neuroinflammation-Related Pathways in the Rat Mesolimbic System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5259. [PMID: 38791298 PMCID: PMC11120663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use disorder represents a significant public health challenge due to its association with various diseases. Despite awareness efforts, smoking rates remain high, partly due to ineffective cessation methods and the spread of new electronic devices. This study investigated the impact of prolonged nicotine exposure via a heat-not-burn (HnB) device on selected genes and signaling proteins involved in inflammatory processes in the rat ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), two brain regions associated with addiction to different drugs, including nicotine. The results showed a reduction in mRNA levels for PPARα and PPARγ, two nuclear receptors and anti-inflammatory transcription factors, along with the dysregulation of gene expression of the epigenetic modulator KDM6s, in both investigated brain areas. Moreover, decreased PTEN mRNA levels and higher AKT phosphorylation were detected in the VTA of HnB-exposed rats with respect to their control counterparts. Finally, significant alterations in ERK 1/2 phosphorylation were observed in both mesolimbic areas, with VTA decrease and NAc increase, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that HnB aerosol exposure disrupts intracellular pathways potentially involved in the development and maintenance of the neuroinflammatory state. Moreover, these data highlight that, similar to conventional cigarettes, HnB devices use affects specific signaling pathways shaping neuroinflammatory process in the VTA and NAc, thus triggering mechanisms that are currently considered as potentially relevant for the development of addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Morosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (F.V.); (E.V.); (L.M.L.); (M.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (F.V.); (E.V.); (L.M.L.); (M.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (F.V.); (E.V.); (L.M.L.); (M.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Emilia Volino
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (F.V.); (E.V.); (L.M.L.); (M.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Loredana Maria Losapio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (F.V.); (E.V.); (L.M.L.); (M.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (F.V.); (E.V.); (L.M.L.); (M.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (F.V.); (E.V.); (L.M.L.); (M.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (F.V.); (E.V.); (L.M.L.); (M.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.M.); (F.V.); (E.V.); (L.M.L.); (M.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.)
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2
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Wang Y, Lei F, Lin Y, Han Y, Yang L, Tan H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as therapeutic target for cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e17931. [PMID: 37700501 PMCID: PMC10902584 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family. There are three subtypes of PPARs, including PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ. They are expressed in different tissues and act by regulating the expression of target genes in the form of binding to ligands. Various subtypes of PPAR have been shown to have significant roles in a wide range of biological processes including lipid metabolism, body energy homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, bone formation, tissue repair and remodelling. Recent studies have found that PPARs are closely related to tumours. They are involved in cancer cell growth, angiogenesis and tumour immune response, and are essential components in tumour progression and metastasis. As such, they have become a target for cancer therapy research. In this review, we discussed the current state of knowledge on the involvement of PPARs in cancer, including their role in tumourigenesis, the impact of PPARs in tumour microenvironment and the potential of using PPARs combinational therapy to treat cancer by targeting essential signal pathways, or as adjuvants to boost the effects of current chemo and immunotherapies. Our review highlights the complexity of PPARs in cancer and the need for a better understanding of the mechanism in order to design effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineMontefiore Medical Center, Wakefield CampusBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Feifei Lei
- Department of Infectious Disease, Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
| | - Yiyun Lin
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yuru Han
- Qinghai Provincial People's HospitalXiningChina
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Lab of Liver Disease, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanChina
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3
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Mason BJ, Estey D, Roberts A, de Guglielmo G, George O, Light J, Stoolmiller M, Quello S, Skinner M, Shadan F, Begovic A, Kyle MC, Harris RA. A reverse translational study of PPAR-α agonist efficacy in human and rodent models relevant to alcohol use disorder. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100604. [PMID: 38292518 PMCID: PMC10825428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder affecting an estimated 283 million individuals worldwide, with substantial health and economic consequences. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, have shown promise in preclinical studies as potential therapeutic targets for AUD. In this human laboratory study, we aimed to translate preclinical findings on the PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate to a human population with current AUD. We hypothesized that, relative to placebo, fenofibrate at the highest FDA-approved dose of 145 mg/d would attenuate responsiveness to in vivo alcohol cues in the lab and reduce drinking under natural conditions. However, the results did not show significant differences in craving and alcohol consumption between the fenofibrate and placebo groups. Reverse translational studies in rodent models confirmed the lack of fenofibrate effect at human-equivalent doses. These findings suggest that inadequate translation of drug dose from rodents to humans may account for the lack of fenofibrate effects on alcohol craving and consumption in humans with AUD. The results highlight the need for new brain-penetrant PPAR-α agonists to adequately test the therapeutic potential of PPAR-α agonists for AUD, and the importance of reverse translational approaches and selection of human-equivalent doses in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Mason
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Estey
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Roberts
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Light
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Mike Stoolmiller
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan Quello
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Skinner
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farhad Shadan
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adnan Begovic
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark C. Kyle
- Pearson Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R. Adron Harris
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Li W, Dong X, Wan Z, Wang W, Zhang J, Mi Y, Li R, Xu Z, Wang B, Li N, He G. PXMP4 promotes gastric cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:350. [PMID: 38401002 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisomal membrane protein 4 (PXMP4), a member of the peroxisome membrane protein PXMP2/4 family, participates in the progression of several malignant cancers. Nevertheless, the effect of PXMP4 in the development of gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown. As a result, the focus of this investigation was to elucidate the potential mechanisms of PXMP4 in GC. METHODS AND RESULTS Firstly, bioinformatics analysis results showed higher expression of PXMP4 in GC tissues. Secondly, clinical analysis of 57 patients with GC revealed correlations between PXMP4 expression and differentiation, depth of invasion, as well as TNM stage. Furthermore, individuals with elevated PXMP4 expression in GC exhibited an unfavorable prognosis. In vitro data showed the involvement of knockdown/overexpression of PXMP4 in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells, and triggering the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC cells through the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, inhibited the expression of PI3K/AKT-related proteins but did not affect the expression of PXMP4. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that PXMP4 potentially functions as an upstream molecule in the PI3K/AKT pathway, governing the EMT process in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Xiangyang Dong
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Zhidan Wan
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yongrun Mi
- School of forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Ruiyuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Sanquan College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Zishan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Beixi Wang
- The Fourth Clinical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Guoyang He
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
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Yalniz Y, Yunusoğlu O, Berköz M, Demirel ME. Effects of fisetin on ethanol-induced rewarding properties in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024; 50:75-83. [PMID: 38235981 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2292976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder associated with compulsive drinking of alcohol. Natural flavonoid fisetin affects a variety of transmitter systems relevant to AUD, such as aminobutyric acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and dopamine, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.Objectives: This study investigated fisetin's impact on the motivational properties of ethanol using conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice (n = 50).Methods: Mice were conditioned with ethanol (2 g/kg, i.p.) or saline on alternating days for 8 consecutive days and were given intragastric (i.g.) fisetin (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg, i.g.), 45 min before ethanol conditioning. During extinction, physiological saline was injected to the control and ethanol groups, and fisetin was administered to the fisetin groups. To evaluate the effect of fisetin on the reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP, fisetin was given 45 min before a priming dose of ethanol (0.4 g/kg, i.p.; reinstatement test day).Results: Fisetin decreased the acquisition of ethanol-induced CPP (30 mg/kg, p < .05) and accelerated extinction (20 and 30 mg/kg, p < .05). Furthermore, fisetin attenuated reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP (30 mg/kg, p < .05).Conclusions: Fisetin appears to diminish the rewarding properties of ethanol, as indicated by its inhibitory effect and facilitation of extinction in ethanol-induced CPP. These findings imply a potential therapeutic application of fisetin in preventing ethanol-seeking behavior, promoting extinction, and reducing the risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Yalniz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Berköz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Enes Demirel
- Emergency Department, School of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Best LM, Hendershot CS, Buckman JF, Jagasar S, McPhee MD, Muzumdar N, Tyndale RF, Houle S, Logan R, Sanches M, Kish SJ, Le Foll B, Boileau I. Association Between Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Alcohol Response Phenotypes: A Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study With [ 11C]CURB in Heavy-Drinking Youth. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:405-415. [PMID: 36868890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reductions in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the catabolic enzyme for the endocannabinoid anandamide, may play a role in drinking behavior and risk for alcohol use disorder. We tested the hypotheses that lower brain FAAH levels in heavy-drinking youth are related to increased alcohol intake, hazardous drinking, and differential response to alcohol. METHODS FAAH levels in the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and whole brain were determined using positron emission tomography imaging of [11C]CURB in heavy-drinking youth (N = 31; 19-25 years of age). C385A FAAH genotype (rs324420) was determined. Behavioral (n = 29) and cardiovascular (n = 22) responses to alcohol were measured during a controlled intravenous alcohol infusion. RESULTS Lower [11C]CURB binding was not significantly related to frequency of use but was positively associated with hazardous drinking and reduced sensitivity to the negative effects of alcohol. During alcohol infusion, lower [11C]CURB binding related to greater self-reported stimulation and urges and lower sedation (p < .05). Lower heart rate variability was related to both greater alcohol-induced stimulation and lower [11C]CURB binding (p < .05). Family history of alcohol use disorder (n = 14) did not relate to [11C]CURB binding. CONCLUSIONS In line with preclinical studies, lower FAAH in the brain was related to a dampened response to the negative, impairing effects of alcohol, increased drinking urges, and alcohol-induced arousal. Lower FAAH might alter positive or negative effects of alcohol and increase urges to drink, thereby contributing to the addiction process. Determining whether FAAH influences motivation to drink through increased positive/arousing effects of alcohol or greater tolerance should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Best
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian S Hendershot
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Samantha Jagasar
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D McPhee
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neel Muzumdar
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renee Logan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kish
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Diseases associated with nicotine dependence in the form of habitual tobacco use are a major cause of premature death in the United States. The majority of tobacco smokers will relapse within the first month of attempted abstinence. Smoking cessation agents increase the likelihood that smokers can achieve long-term abstinence. Nevertheless, currently available smoking cessation agents have limited utility and fail to prevent relapse in the majority of smokers. Pharmacotherapy is therefore an effective strategy to aid smoking cessation efforts but considerable risk of relapse persists even when the most efficacious medications currently available are used. The past decade has seen major breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and systems-level actions of nicotine in the brain that contribute to the development and maintenance of habitual tobacco use. In parallel, large-scale human genetics studies have revealed allelic variants that influence vulnerability to tobacco use disorder. These advances have revealed targets for the development of novel smoking cessation agents. Here, we summarize current efforts to develop smoking cessation therapeutics and highlight opportunities for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lengel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paul J. Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute (DDI), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Alhelf M, Rashed L, Doss RW, Mohamed SM, Abd Elazeem NA. Long noncoding RNA (taurine upregulated gene 1) and micro RNA-377: emerging players in the development of metabolic syndrome among psoriasis patients. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 12:68. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Psoriasis (PsO) is an immune-mediated dermatosis and systemic inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, joints, and other organs and tissues with a range of comorbidities. The activation of proinflammatory cytokines is the primary cause of the development of skin lesions in PsO. Patients with PsO have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular metabolic comorbidities; among these is the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Particularly, MetS is characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, has been linked to PsO. The connection between PsO and MetS is believed to be caused by PsO generating systemic inflammation, which then results in elevated inflammatory adipokines, endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Micro RNA-377 and long noncoding RNA taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) are both involved in the control of a variety of inflammatory disorders in humans and can be employed as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of psoriasis. The aim of the present study is to establish a panel of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of MetS incidence in psoriasis and thereby, reducing its lethal consequences.
Results
In this study, 120 patients: 40 psoriatic patients, 40 psoriatic patients with metabolic syndrome, and 40 healthy subjects were conducted. Expressions of Long noncoding RNA Taurine Upregulated Gene-1 (TUG1), miRNA-377 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were assessed in tissue lesion by real-time PCR. ELISA technique was carried out for the detection of serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Moreover, miRNA-377 expression was significantly elevated with the simultaneous down-regulation of both TUG-1 and PPAR-γ in PsO-MetS group when compared to those of PsO and control groups. Furthermore, PAI-1 and TGFβ levels were higher in PsO-MetS than PsO.
Conclusions
The dysregulated levels of TUG-1, miRNA-377, PPAR-γ, PAI-1, and TGFβ, biomarkers may provide information about their potential role in the emergence of MetS in psoriasis patients.
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Higuchi T, Takeuchi A, Munesue S, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Harashima A, Yamamoto Y, Tsuchiya H. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, zaltoprofen, inhibits the growth of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma cells by inducing PPARγ, p21, p27, and p53. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:939-950. [PMID: 36636023 PMCID: PMC10054153 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2166195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor and master transcription factor of adipogenesis-related genes, and has been reported as an antitumor target for chondrosarcomas. Herein, we show that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, zaltoprofen, induces the expression of PPARγ at the mRNA and protein levels, following the induction of PPARγ-activating factors, such as Krox20, C/EBPβ, and C/EBPα, in human extraskeletal chondrosarcoma H-EMC-SS cells. Upregulation of the cell cycle checkpoint proteins, p21, p27, and p53, was observed upon treatment of H-EMC-SS cells with zaltoprofen, which probably resulted in the inhibition of proliferation of these cells observed in vitro. Zaltoprofen treatment inhibited tumor growth, induced tumor cell apoptosis, and was well tolerated in a mouse model of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic effect of zaltoprofen that should promote further studies on the rational use of this drug for the effective treatment of sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Seiichi Munesue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ai Harashima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Randall CA, Sun D, Randall PA. Differential Effects of Nicotine, Alcohol, and Coexposure on Neuroimmune-Related Protein and Gene Expression in Corticolimbic Brain Regions of Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:628-644. [PMID: 36705334 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol co-use is extremely common and their use constitutes two of the most common causes of preventable death, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are largely understudied. Activation of neuroimmune toll-like receptors (TLRs) promotes the induction of proinflammatory cascades and increases alcohol intake in rodents, which further promotes TLRs in the brain; nicotine may decrease central proinflammatory signaling. The current studies sought to determine the effects of nicotine ± alcohol (alone or in combination) on circulating blood plasma and TLR protein/gene expression in addiction-associated corticolimbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex-prelimbic (mPFC-PL) and nucleus accumbens core (AcbC). Adult rats were treated with alcohol (0 or 2 g/kg, IG) and exposed to nicotine vapor (0 or 30 mg/mL solution) daily for 2, 14, or 28 days. Plasma studies indicated no effects of independent exposure or coexposure in males. Coexposure decreased plasma nicotine levels versus nicotine-only treated females, yet alcohol and cotinine concentrations were unchanged. By 28 days, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 was decreased in alcohol-only females. Divergent changes in TLR3 (but not TLR4) protein occurred for independent-drug exposed males (but not coexposure), with reductions in the mPFC-PL after 14 days and increases in the AcbC by 28 days. Gene expression following chronic coexposure suggests nicotine may regionally counteract alcohol-induced inflammation, including increased AcbC-TLR3/4/7 and several downstream markers in females and increased mPFC-PL-TLR3 and -STAT3 (but not IRF3) evident in males with exposure to either drug alone. These findings give further insight into the role of sex and the neuroimmune system in independent exposure and coexposure to nicotine ± alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A Randall
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 United States
| | - Patrick A Randall
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 United States
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11
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Mock ED, Gagestein B, van der Stelt M. Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101194. [PMID: 36150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) and their oxygenated metabolites are a lipid messenger family with numerous functions in health and disease, including inflammation, anxiety and energy metabolism. The NAEs exert their signaling role through activation of various G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR55, GPR110, GPR119), ion channels (TRPV1) and nuclear receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) in the brain and periphery. The biological role of the oxygenated NAEs, such as prostamides, hydroxylated anandamide and DHEA derivatives, are less studied. Evidence is accumulating that NAEs and their oxidative metabolites may be aberrantly regulated or are associated with disease severity in obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neuroinflammation and liver cirrhosis. Here, we comprehensively review NAE biosynthesis and degradation, their metabolism by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450s and the biological functions of these signaling lipids. We discuss the latest findings and therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous NAE levels by inhibition of their degradation, which is currently under clinical evaluation for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight NAE biosynthesis inhibition as an emerging topic with therapeutic opportunities in endocannabinoid and NAE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Gagestein
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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12
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152432. [PMID: 35954274 PMCID: PMC9368267 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear transcription factors upon the binding of physiological or pharmacological ligands and heterodimerization with retinoic X receptors. Physiological ligands include fatty acids and fatty-acid-derived compounds with low specificity for the different PPAR subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). For each of the PPAR subtypes, specific pharmacological agonists and antagonists, as well as pan-agonists, are available. In agreement with their natural ligands, PPARs are mainly focused on as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications. Nevertheless, many publications are available that implicate PPARs in malignancies. In several instances, they are controversial for very similar models. Thus, to better predict the potential use of PPAR modulators for personalized medicine in therapies against malignancies, it seems necessary and timely to review the three PPARs in relation to the didactic concept of cancer hallmark capabilities. We previously described the functions of PPAR beta/delta with respect to the cancer hallmarks and reviewed the implications of all PPARs in angiogenesis. Thus, the current review updates our knowledge on PPAR beta and the hallmarks of cancer and extends the concept to PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wagner
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (K.-D.W.); Tel.: +33-489-153-713 (K.-D.W.)
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13
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Fateh ST, Salehi-Najafabadi A. Repurposing of substances with lactone moiety for the treatment of γ-Hydroxybutyric acid and γ-Butyrolactone intoxication through modulating paraoxonase and PPARγ. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909460. [PMID: 35935832 PMCID: PMC9354891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GHB and GBL are highly accessible recreational drugs of abuse with a high risk of adverse effects and mortality while no specific antidotes exist. These components can also be found in the clinical setting, beverages, and cosmetic products, leading to unwanted exposures and further intoxications. As the structural analogue of GABA, GHB is suggested as the primary mediator of GHB/GBL effects. We further suggest that GBL might be as critical as GHB in this process, acting through PPARγ as its receptor. Moreover, PPARγ and PON (i.e., the GHB-GBL converting enzyme) can be targeted for GHB/GBL addiction and intoxication, leading to modulation of the GHB-GBL balance and blockage of their effects. We suggest that repurposing substances with lactone moiety such as bacterial lactones, sesquiterpene lactones, and statins might lead to potential therapeutic options as they occupy the active sites of PPARγ and PON and interfere with the GHB-GBL balance. In conclusion, this hypothesis improves the GHB/GBL mechanism of action, suggests potential therapeutic options, and highlights the necessity of classifying GBL as a controlled substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Salehi-Najafabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Amir Salehi-Najafabadi,
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14
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PPARα Signaling: A Candidate Target in Psychiatric Disorder Management. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050723. [PMID: 35625650 PMCID: PMC9138493 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors (PPARs) regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, control inflammatory processes, and modulate several brain functions. Three PPAR isoforms have been identified, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, which are expressed in different tissues and cell types. Hereinafter, we focus on PPARα involvement in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, which is underscored by PPARα localization in neuronal circuits involved in emotion modulation and stress response, and its role in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation. A multiplicity of downstream pathways modulated by PPARα activation, including glutamatergic neurotransmission, upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurosteroidogenic effects, encompass mechanisms underlying behavioral regulation. Modulation of dopamine neuronal firing in the ventral tegmental area likely contributes to PPARα effects in depression, anhedonia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on robust preclinical evidence and the initial results of clinical studies, future clinical trials should assess the efficacy of PPARα agonists in the treatment of mood and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, and ASD.
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15
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Liang H, Tang T, Huang H, Li T, Gao C, Han Y, Yuan B, Gao S, Wang H, Zhou ML. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ameliorates neuronal ferroptosis after traumatic brain injury in mice by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114100. [PMID: 35490721 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the multiple kinds of neuronal cell death triggered by traumatic brain injury (TBI), ferroptosis, an iron-dependent lipid peroxidative regulatory cell death, has a critical role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates lipid metabolism and suppresses neuronal inflammation. However, the role of PPARγ in neuronal ferroptosis induced by TBI remains unclear. Here, we investigated the regulatory effect of PPARγ on neuronal ferroptosis in a weight-drop TBI model in vivo and an RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3)-activated ferroptotic neuronal model in vitro. PPARγ was mainly localized in the nucleus of neurons and was decreased in both the in vivo TBI model and the in vitro ferroptotic neuronal model. The addition of a specific agonist, pioglitazone, activated PPARγ, which protected neuronal function post-TBI in vivo and increased the viability of ferroptotic neurons in vitro. Further investigation suggested that PPARγ probably attenuates neuronal ferroptosis by downregulating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) protein expression levels in vivo and in vitro. This study revealed the relationship among PPARγ, ferroptosis and TBI and identified a potential target for comprehensive TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hanyu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chaochao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yanling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shengqing Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Meng-Liang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
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16
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Santos DFS, Donahue RR, Laird D, Oliveira M, Taylor B. The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone produces a female-predominant inhibition of hyperalgesia associated with surgical incision, peripheral nerve injury, and painful diabetic neuropathy. Neuropharmacology 2022; 205:108907. [PMID: 34856203 PMCID: PMC8992004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pioglitazone, an agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, is FDA-approved for the treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies in male rodents suggest that pioglitazone inhibits inflammatory and neuropathic pain, but few included female subjects. To address this gap, we compared the effects of pioglitazone in both sexes in the intraplantar methylglyoxal model (MG) model of chemical pain and painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), the plantar incision model (PIM) of postoperative pain, the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of traumatic nerve injury, and the ZDF rat and db/db mouse models of PDN. We administered pioglitazone by one-time intrathecal or intraperitoneal injection or by adding it to chow for 6 weeks, followed by measurement of hypersensitivity to non-noxious mechanical, noxious mechanical, heat, and/or cold stimuli. In all mouse models, injection of pioglitazone decreased pain-like behaviors with greater potency and/or efficacy in females as compared to males: heat and mechanical hypersensitivity in the MG model (0.1-10 mg/kg); mechanical hypersensitivity in the PIM model (10 μg); mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in the SNI model (100 mg/kg); and heat hypersensitivity in the db/db model (100 mg/kg). Furthermore, co-administration of low doses of morphine (1 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) decreased SNI-induced mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in female but not male mice. In the ZDF rat, pioglitazone (100 mg/kg) decreased heat and mechanical hypersensitivity with no sex difference. In the db/db model, pioglitazone had no effect when given into chow for 6 weeks at 0.3, 3 or 30 mg/kg doses. We conclude that females exhibit greater anti-hyperalgesic responses to pioglitazone in mouse models of chemical-induced nociception, postsurgical pain, neuropathic pain, and PDN. These findings set the stage for clinical trials to determine whether pioglitazone has analgesic properties across a broad spectrum of chronic pain conditions, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. F. S. Santos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - R. R. Donahue
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D.E. Laird
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M.C. Oliveira
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - B.K. Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and Pittsburgh Project to end Opioid Misuse, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Yunusoğlu O. Rewarding effect of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in mice: Effect of the monoterpenoid linalool. Alcohol 2022; 98:55-63. [PMID: 34800613 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing disease that is progressive and has severe detrimental health outcomes. The use of natural products has become popular for the treatment of side effects of drugs and substance abuse. Linalool is a monoterpenoid that exhibits several effects on the central nervous system. Linalool was identified to have beneficial effects on different mechanisms that are relevant in drug addiction or substance use disorder. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of linalool on the rewarding properties of alcohol in mice. Conditioned place preference (CPP) was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of ethanol (2 g/kg) during an 8-day conditioning trial. The effects of acamprosate and linalool on the rewarding properties of ethanol were tested in mice who received linalool (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and acamprosate (300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before each ethanol injection. CPP was extinguished by repeated testing, throughout which conditioned mice were administered daily linalool. Mice were lastly examined for reinstatement provoked by i.p. administration of single low-dose ethanol (0.4 g/kg, i.p.). Treatment with linalool reduced the acquisition and reinstatement, and precipitated the extinction of ethanol-induced CPP in mice. Acquisition and reinstatement of alcohol-induced CPP were significantly reduced by acamprosate, which also precipitated extinction. Ethanol alone and the combination with linalool or acamprosate did not alter locomotor activity. The results of this study suggest that linalool may have pharmacological effects for the treatment of alcohol addiction. In addition, further investigation is required to fully explore the benefits and possible adverse effects of linalool on alcohol addiction.
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18
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Yunusoğlu O. Evaluation of the effects of quercetin on the rewarding property of ethanol in mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136383. [PMID: 34864087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flavonoid quercetin has several pharmacological effects on the nervous system. Previous research showed that quercetin has useful influences on some mechanisms that are relevant in drug and substance addiction. Alcohol addiction, also known as alcoholism, is a disorder that influences the population in all walks of life. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether quercetin affects the acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (ethanol-CPP) in adolescent mice. METHODS CPP was established by administration of intraperitoneal (i.p.) ethanol (2.0 g/kg) in a conditioning trial. The mice were pretreated with quercetin (at doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes before each ethanol injection to test the effects of quercetin on the reward properties of ethanol. Ethanol-CPP was extinguished (13-days) by repeated testing, during which conditioned mice were given different doses of quercetin every day. Lastly, efficacy of quercetin in preventing reinstatement of ethanol-CPP triggers was also assessed by the administration of single dose ethanol (0.4 g/kg, i.p.). RESULTS Quercetin pretreatment attenuated the acquisition and reinstatement. In addition, quercetin administration accelerated the extinction of ethanol-CPP. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results may cast a novel light on quercetin as an agent that could be potentially useful to attenuate different effects of ethanol and as adjuvant pharmacotherapy for ethanol addiction. However, future studies are needed to demonstrate the detailed underlying mechanisms of quercetin on ethanol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pharmacology, 14030 Bolu, Turkey.
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19
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Repurposing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101025. [PMID: 34681249 PMCID: PMC8538250 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Common pathophysiological mechanisms have emerged for different neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. In particular, mechanisms of oxidative stress, immuno-inflammation, and altered metabolic pathways converge and cause neuronal and non-neuronal maladaptative phenomena, which underlie multifaceted brain disorders. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors modulating, among others, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes in diverse tissues. Both endogenous and synthetic PPAR agonists are approved treatments for metabolic and systemic disorders, such as diabetes, fatty liver disease, and dyslipidemia(s), showing high tolerability and safety profiles. Considering that some PPAR-acting drugs permeate through the blood-brain barrier, the possibility to extend their scope from the periphery to central nervous system has gained interest in recent years. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence that PPARs possibly exert a neuroprotective role, thereby providing a rationale for repurposing PPAR-targeting drugs to counteract several diseases affecting the central nervous system.
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20
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Dieperink E, Hauser P, Dockter K, Miranda J, Evenson M, Thuras P. Reduced alcohol use in patients prescribed pioglitazone. Am J Addict 2021; 30:570-577. [PMID: 34414623 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Currently approved medications are moderately effective. Novel medications are needed to address AUD. Preliminary data suggests pioglitazone may reduce alcohol use. METHODS Veterans seen at the Minneapolis VA Health Care System, who were prescribed pioglitazone for diabetes between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2016, were identified using a national VA database (N = 49). Further chart review was performed to identify all Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores prior to starting pioglitazone. Hierarchical Linear models were used to compare all AUDIT-C scores on and off pioglitazone and compare the change in AUDIT-C scores over time before and during pioglitazone was prescribed. AUDIT-C scores were nested within subject with fixed effects for pioglitazone and random intercept and slope for time. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were prescribed pioglitazone and had AUDIT-C scores of 3 or more. The estimated mean AUDIT-C score prior to receiving pioglitazone was 3.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.51-4.44) and this was reduced to 2.89 (95% CI: 2.46-3.32), reflecting a significant change F(1, 323) = 43.3, p < .001 in the score. The primary reduction occurred within the first year of the pioglitazone prescription. This effect remained significant after controlling for age. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study of pioglitazone used in a clinical sample focused on alcohol use outcome. The data show that pioglitazone may reduce alcohol use in patients with heavy drinking. Clinical trials of pioglitazone are warranted in patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Dieperink
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota-Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Hauser
- Long Beach Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Long Beach, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kathryn Dockter
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Juan Miranda
- Long Beach Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Meredith Evenson
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul Thuras
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota-Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Yunusoğlu O. Linalool attenuates acquisition and reinstatement and accelerates the extinction of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference in male mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:422-432. [PMID: 33852814 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1898627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nicotine is the addictive agent in tobacco products. The monoterpene linalool is the main ingredient in the essential oils of various aromatic plants. It has previously been demonstrated that linalool has beneficial effects on some mechanisms that are important in drug addiction.Objectives: The goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of linalool on nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male mice.Methods: CPP was induced by administering intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg) during the conditioning phase. The effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline and linalool on the rewarding characteristics of nicotine were tested in mice with administration of linalool (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.), varenicline (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline 30 minutes before nicotine injection. CPP was extinguished by repeated testing, during which conditioned mice were administered varenicline and linalool every day. One day after the last extinction trial, mice that received linalool, varenicline or saline 30 minutes before a priming injection of nicotine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) were immediately tested for reinstatement of CPP.Results: Linalool attenuated nicotine acquisition (50 mg/kg, p < .01) and reinstatement (25 and 50 mg/kg, respectively p < .05, p < .01) and accelerated the extinction of nicotine-induced CPP (50 mg/kg, p < .05). Linalool exhibited similar effects on the reference drug varenicline in the CPP phases.Conclusion: These results suggest that linalool may be helpful as an adjuvant for the treatment of nicotine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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22
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Yunusoğlu O. Resveratrol impairs acquisition, reinstatement and precipitates extinction of alcohol-induced place preference in mice. Neurol Res 2021; 43:985-994. [PMID: 34210247 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1948749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol abuse causes several neurological disorders. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that occurs as a phytoalexin. In different studies, it has been investigated that resveratrol has positive effects on various mechanisms that are important in drug addiction or substance use disorder. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of resveratrol on alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. METHODS CPP was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of ethanol (2 g/kg) in an 8-day conditioning program. The influence of reference drug, acamprosate and resveratrol on the rewarding properties of ethanol was tested in mice given treatment of acamprosate (300 mg/kg, i.p.) and resveratrol (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes prior to ethanol administration. Once established, CPP was extinguished by repeated testing, through which conditioned mice were administered acamprosate, various doses of resveratrol or saline daily. Subsequently, the potency of acamprosate and resveratrol in preventing reinstatement of CPP provoked by priming with low-dose ethanol (0.4 g/kg, i.p.) was also evaluated. RESULTS The present findings confirm that resveratrol impairs acquisition, reinstatement and precipitates the extinction of preference for alcohol-induced CPP. Resveratrol presented a similar effect in the CPP phases to the acamprosate. CONCLUSIONS The effect of resveratrol on ethanol-induced CPP in mice demonstrated for the first time. As a conclusion, these findings may shed light on the fact that resveratrol can be utilized as an agent which is potentially beneficial to prevent the various harmful effects of ethanol, however, more research is needed to completely elucidate this attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Yunusoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Mitochondrial Mutations and Genetic Factors Determining NAFLD Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094459. [PMID: 33923295 PMCID: PMC8123173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is a widespread liver disease that is often linked with other life-threatening ailments (metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, obesity, and others) and canprogress to more severe forms, such as NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), cirrhosis, and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). In this review, we summarized and analyzed data about single nucleotide polymorphism sites, identified in genes related to NAFLD development and progression. Additionally, the causative role of mitochondrial mutations and mitophagy malfunctions in NAFLD is discussed. The role of mitochondria-related metabolites of the urea cycle as a new non-invasive NAFLD biomarker is discussed. While mitochondria DNA mutations and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) canbe used as effective diagnostic markers and target for treatments, age and ethnic specificity should be taken into account.
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Sagheddu C, Torres LH, Marcourakis T, Pistis M. Endocannabinoid-Like Lipid Neuromodulators in the Regulation of Dopamine Signaling: Relevance for Drug Addiction. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 12:588660. [PMID: 33424577 PMCID: PMC7786397 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.588660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of lipid neuromodulators has been rapidly growing, as the use of different -omics techniques led to the discovery of a large number of naturally occurring N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and N-acyl amino acids belonging to the complex lipid signaling system termed endocannabinoidome. These molecules exert a variety of biological activities in the central nervous system, as they modulate physiological processes in neurons and glial cells and are involved in the pathophysiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Their effects on dopamine cells have attracted attention, as dysfunctions of dopamine systems characterize a range of psychiatric disorders, i.e., schizophrenia and substance use disorders (SUD). While canonical endocannabinoids are known to regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs impinging on dopamine cells and modulate several dopamine-mediated behaviors, such as reward and addiction, the effects of other lipid neuromodulators are far less clear. Here, we review the emerging role of endocannabinoid-like neuromodulators in dopamine signaling, with a focus on non-cannabinoid N-acylethanolamines and their receptors. Mounting evidence suggests that these neuromodulators contribute to modulate synaptic transmission in dopamine regions and might represent a target for novel medications in alcohol and nicotine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sagheddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Larissa Helena Torres
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Section of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that function as ligand-activated transcription factors. They exist in three isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. For all PPARs, lipids are endogenous ligands, linking them directly to metabolism. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoic X receptors, and upon ligand binding, they modulate the gene expression of downstream target genes, depending on the presence of co-repressors or co-activators. This results in a complex, cell type-specific regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. PPARs are linked to metabolic disorders and are interesting pharmaceutical targets. PPARα and PPARγ agonists are already in clinical use for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively. More recently, PPARβ/δ activation came into focus as an interesting novel approach for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and associated cardiovascular diseases; however, this has been limited due to the highly controversial function of PPARβ/δ in cancer. This Special Issue of Cells brings together the most recent advances in understanding the various aspects of the action of PPARs, and it provides new insights into our understanding of PPARs, implying also the latest therapeutic perspectives for the utility of PPAR modulation in different disease settings.
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