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Chiudioni F, Marcheggiani S, Puccinelli C, Trabace T, Mancini L. Heavy metals in tributaries of Tiber River in the urban area of Rome (Italy). Heliyon 2024; 10:e33964. [PMID: 39071676 PMCID: PMC11283157 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Both natural and anthropogenic activities are responsible for heavy metal abundance in the environment. Due to the high persistence, heavy metals can accumulate and remain in the sediment for very long periods, becoming a source of contaminants for aquatic biota. Within small urbanized watercourse catchments, the accumulation of heavy metals in bottom sediments takes place and sediments can be adopted as an efficient indicator for monitoring heavy metal pollution levels and pollution sources in aquatic environments. Tiber River, the most polluted river among the 20 longest Italian rivers, has different tributaries distributed from north to south of Rome city. The aim of the study was to evaluate the heavy metal pollution in water and sediment of six Tiber River small tributaries through the use of land cover, water physico-chemical parameters and geochemical multi-index (Concentration factor, Pollution Load index, Enrichment factor and Geoaccumulation index). The results indicate that in general the contamination of water and sediments is moderate as the threshold values are exceeded only by some metals and in some sites. As regards the indices that evaluate the enrichment factors, it has been seen that some sampling sites have high values of specific metal enrichment (As, Hg, Pb). A more compromised situation is highlighted by the Concentration Factor and the Pollution Load index where more than half of the sampling sites are found at levels of significant heavy metal pollution suggesting that point sources of heavy metals in the water and sediments should be closely monitored by the use of combined analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Chiudioni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dep. Environment and Health, Ecosystem and Health Unit Rome, Italy
| | - S. Marcheggiani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dep. Environment and Health, Ecosystem and Health Unit Rome, Italy
| | - C. Puccinelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dep. Environment and Health, Ecosystem and Health Unit Rome, Italy
| | - T. Trabace
- Centro di Ricerche di Metaponto ARPAB, Metaponto, Italy
| | - L. Mancini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dep. Environment and Health, Ecosystem and Health Unit Rome, Italy
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Trudel-Ferland M, Levasseur M, Goulet-Beaulieu V, Jubinville E, Hamon F, Jean J. Concentration of foodborne viruses eluted from fresh and frozen produce: Applicability of ultrafiltration. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 416:110687. [PMID: 38554558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses involving raw and minimally processed foods are often caused by human noroviruses (HuNoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Since food is contaminated usually with small numbers of virions, these must be eluted from the food surface and then concentrated for detection. The objective of this study was to optimize an ultrafiltration (UF) concentration method for HAV and HuNoVs present on various fresh and frozen produce. The detection range of the optimized method and its applicability to different food matrices was compared to the reference method ISO 15216-1:2017. Strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, lettuce, and green onion (25 g) were contaminated with HAV, HuNoV GI.7 and HuNoV GII.4 and then recovered therefrom by elution. A commercial benchtop UF device was used for the concentration step. Viral RNA was extracted and detected by RT-qPCR. From fresh strawberries, recovery of HAV loaded at 104 genome copies per sample was 30 ± 13 %, elution time had no significant impact, and UF membrane with an 80-100 kDa cut-off in combination with Tris-glycine elution buffer at pH 9.5 was found optimal. At lower copy numbers on fresh strawberry, at least 1 log lower numbers of HuNoV were detectable by the UF method (103 vs 104 GII.4 copies/sample and 101 vs 103 GI.7 copies/sample), while HAV was detected at 101 genome copies/sample by both methods. Except on raspberry, the UF method was usually equivalent to the ISO method regardless of the virus tested. The UF method makes rapid viral concentration possible, while supporting the filtration of large volume of sample. With fewer steps and shorter analysis time than the ISO method, this method could be suitable for routine analysis of viruses throughout the food production and surveillance chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Trudel-Ferland
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marianne Levasseur
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Goulet-Beaulieu
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Jubinville
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Julie Jean
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Marcheggiani S, Puccinelli C, Chiudioni F, Mancini L. COVID-19 Lockdown Pandemic Period Effects in Highly Impacted Aquatic Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:966-977. [PMID: 36541332 PMCID: PMC9878241 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human activities severely affect aquatic ecosystems: the lockdown restrictions due to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have proved that reducing anthropogenic activities can positively influence the environment and mitigate atmospheric pollution. In addition, studies on aquatic ecosystems have highlighted the decrease in suspended matter and pollutant concentrations associated with reduced marine transport and industrial activities. We evaluated the effects of the reduction of anthropogenic activities in highly impacted water ecosystems. Three of the sampling sites were on the Tiber River's lower stretch close to the urban area of Rome (Italy), and the other two were transitional waters located in the southern Latium region coastal area. These sampling sites have been studied by our research group for at least 20 years. The present study involved analysis of chemical and physicochemical parameters, biological communities, and land use. Microbiological fecal indicators and Salmonella spp. were also analyzed. There were two sampling campaigns, the first one in May 2020 (ID II) at the end of lockdown measures, and the second one a year later, in June 2021 (ID III). The data were compared with our old data, collected from 2002 to 2015 (ID I), to evaluate the potential effects of the restrictive measures. Biotic communities were dominated by pollution-tolerant taxa, indicating eutrophication and organic pollution. Furthermore, the high concentrations of microbiological indicators was mainly due to sewage from the urban area. The results of the research indicated no significant changes from past years (ID I) to 2020 (ID II) and 2021 (ID III). In conclusion, the restrictions adopted in Italy during the pandemic period were not sufficient to mitigate the heavy pressure of urbanization and agriculture that have long affected the studied aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:966-977. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Marcheggiani
- Ecosystem and Health Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Camilla Puccinelli
- Ecosystem and Health Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Filippo Chiudioni
- Ecosystem and Health Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Laura Mancini
- Ecosystem and Health Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
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Thanigaivel S, Vickram S, Dey N, Jeyanthi P, Subbaiya R, Kim W, Govarthanan M, Karmegam N. Ecological disturbances and abundance of anthropogenic pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem: Critical review of impact assessment on the aquatic animals. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137475. [PMID: 36528154 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic toxins are discharged into the environment and distributed through a variety of environmental matrices. Trace contaminant detection and analysis has advanced dramatically in recent decades, necessitating further specialized technique development. These pollutants can be mobile and persistent in small amounts in the environment, and ecological receptors will interact with it. Despite the fact that few researches have been undertaken on invertebrate exposure, accumulation, and biological implications, it is apparent that a wide range of pollutants can accumulate in the tissues of aquatic insects, earthworms, amphipod crustaceans, and mollusks. Due to long-term stability during long-distance transit, a number of chemical and microbiological agents that were not previously deemed pollutants have been found in various environmental compartments. The uptake of such pollutants by the aquatic organism is done through the process of bioaccumulation when dangerous compounds accumulate in living beings while biomagnification is the process of a pollutant becoming more hazardous as it moves up the trophic chain. Organic and metal pollution harms animals of every species studied so far, from bacteria to phyla in between. The environmental protection agency says these poisons harm humans as well as a variety of aquatic organisms when the water quality is sacrificed in typical wastewater treatment systems. Contrary to popular belief, treated effluents discharged into aquatic bodies contain considerable levels of Anthropogenic contaminants. This evolution necessitates a more robust and recent advancement in the field of remediation and their techniques to completely discharge the various organic and inorganic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Sundaram Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nibedita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanivelu Jeyanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 062, India
| | - Ramasamy Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, 636 007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Treagus S, Wright C, Baker-Austin C, Longdon B, Lowther J. The Foodborne Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus to Humans. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2021; 13:127-145. [PMID: 33738770 PMCID: PMC8116281 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes over 20 million cases worldwide. HEV is an emerging and endemic pathogen within economically developed countries, chiefly resulting from infections with genotype 3 (G3) HEV. G3 HEV is known to be a zoonotic pathogen, with a broad host range. The primary source of HEV within more economically developed countries is considered to be pigs, and consumption of pork products is a significant risk factor and known transmission route for the virus to humans. However, other foods have also been implicated in the transmission of HEV to humans. This review consolidates the information available regarding transmission of HEV and looks to identify gaps where further research is required to better understand how HEV is transmitted to humans through food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Treagus
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
| | | | - Craig Baker-Austin
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ben Longdon
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - James Lowther
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
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Medina C, Ginn O, Brown J, Soria F, Garvizu C, Salazar Á, Tancara A, Herrera J. Detection and assessment of the antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from bioaerosols in the Choqueyapu River area, La Paz - Bolivia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143340. [PMID: 33183829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a highly contaminated waterway flowing through a densely populated urban area, microbiological pollution associated with the Choqueyapu River and the absence of a wastewater treatment plant in La Paz city threatens public health. We collected air samples adjacent to this river using impingement. Laboratory analyses identified the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, reporting a maximum concentration of 86,11 CFU/m3 of sampled air. Positive samples were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against the antibiotics amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline via disk diffusion. The highest percentages of antibiotic resistance were registered for tetracycline (50% of isolates) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (38,9%), while the lowest resistance profile was reported for meropenem (5,6%). A comparison of results obtained on the pilot studies [elaborated during the wet season of 2018 by Chavez, 2019 and Salazar et al., 2020] and the present study has been done, highlighting seasonal effects over airborne Enterobacteriaceae concentration. Also, it was determined an increase of antibiotic resistance for tetracycline, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin; and a reduction for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, meropenem and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Agua, Energía y Sostenibilidad, Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo", La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Olivia Ginn
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Joe Brown
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Freddy Soria
- Centro de Investigación en Agua, Energía y Sostenibilidad, Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo", La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Carolina Garvizu
- Centro de Investigación en Agua, Energía y Sostenibilidad, Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo", La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Ángela Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Agua, Energía y Sostenibilidad, Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo", La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Alejandra Tancara
- Centro de Investigación en Agua, Energía y Sostenibilidad, Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo", La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Jhoana Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Agua, Energía y Sostenibilidad, Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo", La Paz, Bolivia
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Joo SH, Choi H. Field grand challenge with emerging superbugs and the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) on plastics and in water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:104721. [PMID: 33173752 PMCID: PMC7644236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This opinion paper reports field grand challenges associated with plastic and water contaminated with the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) and superbugs, given the emergency of public health and environmental protection from the presence of lethal viruses and bacteria. Two primary focuses of detection and treatment methods for superbugs and the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) are investigated, and the future outlook is provided based on grand challenges identified in the water field. Applying conventional treatment technologies to treat superbugs or the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has brought negative results, including ineffective treatment, formation of toxic byproducts, and limitation of long-term performance. Existing detection methods are not feasible to apply in terms of sensitivity, difficulty of applications in field samples, speed, and accuracy at the time of sample collection. Few studies are found on superbugs or adsorption of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) on plastic, as well as effects of superbugs or the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) on treatment of plastic waste and wastewater. With the need for and directions of further research and challenges discussed in this paper, we believe that this opinion paper offers information useful to a wide audience, including scientists, policy makers, consultants, public health workers, and field engineers in the water sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Joo
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechul Choi
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Republic of Korea
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Baghani A, Alimohammadi M, Aliramezani A, Talebi M, Mesdaghinia A, Douraghi M. Isolation and characterization of a multidrug-resistant Clostridioides difficile toxinotype V from municipal wastewater treatment plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1281-1288. [PMID: 33312642 PMCID: PMC7721768 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is regarded as a potential source for transmission of Clostridioides difficile from urban areas into the surface water, through feces of human and animals. The aim of this study was to screen and characterize the C. difficile bacteria in inlet and outlet wastewater of different WWTPs in Tehran, Iran. METHODS Totally, 72 samples were collected from three different WWTPs (inlet site and outlet sites) during a year. C. difficile was isolated and characterized in terms of toxins, toxinotype, resistance profile and genes, and colonization factors using PCR. RESULTS One C. difficile toxinotype V was isolated from the outlet samples. The isolate was susceptible to vancomycin but resistant to metronidazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin using MIC Test Strips. The isolated C. difficile was toxigenic (tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, cdtB positive and CPE positive) and had tcdC-A genotype. No mutations were found in fliC and fliD. The slpA sequence type was 078 - 01. The C. difficile was positive for tetM, int, but negative for vanA, nim, and tndX genes. Mutations were not observed in gyrA and gyrB genes. CONCLUSIONS This study provided evidence of presence of a multidrug-resistant C. difficile toxinotype V in one of the municipal WWTP. The transmission of such isolate to the environment and reuse of treated wastewater by human pose a threat to human health and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria which are untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Baghani
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alimohammadi
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Aliramezani
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mesdaghinia
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pantanella F, Lekunberri I, Gagliardi A, Venuto G, Sànchez-Melsió A, Fabiani M, Balcázar JL, Schippa S, De Giusti M, Borrego C, Solimini A. Effect of Urban Wastewater Discharge on the Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Two Italian Rivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186813. [PMID: 32962009 PMCID: PMC7557954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are microbial factories aimed to reduce the amount of nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms in the treated wastewater before its discharge into the environment. We studied the impact of urban WWTP effluents on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (AR-E. coli) in the last stretch of two rivers (Arrone and Tiber) in Central Italy that differ in size and flow volume. Methods: Water samples were collected in three seasons upstream and downstream of the WWTP, at the WWTP outlet, and at sea sites near the river mouth, and analyzed for the abundance of ARGs by qPCR and AR-E. coli using cultivation followed by disk diffusion assays. Results: For all studied genes (16S rRNA, intI1, sul1, ermB, blaTEM, tetW and qnrS), absolute concentrations were significantly higher in the Tiber than in the Arrone at all sampling sites, despite their collection date, but the prevalence of target ARGs within bacterial communities in both rivers was similar. The absolute concentrations of most ARGs were also generally higher in the WWTP effluent with median levels between log 4 and log 6 copies per ml but did not show differences along the studied stretches of rivers. Statistically significant site effect was found for E. coli phenotypic resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin in the Arrone but not in the Tiber. Conclusions: In both rivers, diffuse or point pollution sources other than the studied WWTP effluents may account for the observed resistance pattern, although the Arrone appears as more sensitive to the wastewater impact considering its lower flow volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pantanella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazza A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (G.V.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Itziar Lekunberri
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (I.L.); (A.S.-M.); (J.L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Antonella Gagliardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazza A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (G.V.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Venuto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazza A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (G.V.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Alexandre Sànchez-Melsió
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (I.L.); (A.S.-M.); (J.L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Massimo Fabiani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazza A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (G.V.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (M.D.G.)
| | - José Luis Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (I.L.); (A.S.-M.); (J.L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Serena Schippa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazza A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (G.V.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Maria De Giusti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazza A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (G.V.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Carles Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (I.L.); (A.S.-M.); (J.L.B.); (C.B.)
- Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17001 Girona, Spain
| | - Angelo Solimini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazza A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (G.V.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (M.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-463
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Noreen Z, Siddiqui F, Javed S, Wren BW, Bokhari H. Transmission of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni to children from different sources in Pakistan. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 20:219-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Guillebault D, Medlin LK. Application of the μAqua microarray for pathogenic organisms across a marine/freshwater interface. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 92:101703. [PMID: 32113605 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring drinking water quality is an important public health issue and pathogenic organisms present a particularly serious health hazard in freshwater bodies. However, many pathogenic bacteria, including cyanobacteria, and pathogenic protozoa can be swept into coastal lagoons and into near-shore marine environments where they continue to grow and pose a health threat to marine mammals and invertebrates. In this study, we tested the suitability of a phylochip (microarray for species detection) developed for freshwater pathogenic organisms to be applied to samples taken across a marine/freshwater interface at monthly intervals for two years. Toxic cyanobacteria and pathogenic protozoa were more numerous in a coastal lagoon than at the freshwater or marine site, indicating that this microarray can be used to detect the presence of these pathogens across a marine/freshwater interface and thus the potential for toxicity to occur within the entire watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Guillebault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, F-66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Linda K Medlin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes LBBM, F-66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France.
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12
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Pang X, Qiu Y, Gao T, Zurawell R, Neumann NF, Craik S, Lee BE. Prevalence, levels and seasonal variations of human enteric viruses in six major rivers in Alberta, Canada. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 153:349-356. [PMID: 30743085 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and seasonal variation of 7 viruses in 6 major rivers in Alberta were assessed using a combination of qPCR, cell culture and integrated cell culture with qPCR (ICC-qPCR). Water samples were collected monthly from rivers at different sites upstream and downstream of major urban centers. Seven viruses including rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus, sapovirus, JC virus and enterovirus, were detected in at least one of the water samples at each site using qPCR. Rotavirus was most common with concentration ranging from 2.3 to 4.5 log10 genomic equivalent (GE) copies/L. Norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, adenoviruses and JC virus peaked during the winter (November to March). Viruses were most prevalent at the Bow River sampling site downstream of the City of Calgary, followed by the North Saskatchewan River site downstream of the City of Edmonton and the Red Deer River site downstream of the City of Red Deer. The detection rates and quantity of viruses had significant difference in the sampling sites between upstream and downstream of major urban centers (p < 0.001). 14% of the samples tested positive using viral culture indicating the presence of infectious viruses in river. Sequencing analysis identified human rotavirus in 75% of the samples collected from downstream versus 37% of the samples collected from upstream sites (p < 0.02). Multivariate binary regression showed that human activity in watersheds is a significant determinant of viruses in Alberta's Rivers. The discharge from wastewater treatment plants may be the possible sources of viral contamination. Seasonal coincidence of acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks and monthly peak occurrence of enteric viruses in river water implies potential impact of waterborne viruses on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 116st & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, 8440-112st, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J2, Canada.
| | - Yuanyuan Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 116st & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tiejun Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 116st & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Ron Zurawell
- Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, AB, T5J 5C6, Canada
| | - Norman F Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 1405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Stephen Craik
- EPCOR Water, 9469 Rossdale Rd NW, Edmonton, AB, T5K 2E9, Canada
| | - Bonita E Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, 1405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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13
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Verani M, Federigi I, Donzelli G, Cioni L, Carducci A. Human adenoviruses as waterborne index pathogens and their use for Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1469-1475. [PMID: 30360276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current microbial water quality standards are based on the monitoring of fecal indicator organisms, which are mainly bacterial indicators (i.e., Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci), however epidemiological data indicate that viruses are important etiological agents of waterborne illnesses. Among waterborne viruses, human adenovirus can be considered as an index pathogen, owing to its abundance in sewage and persistence in the environment, as well as its potential infectivity. In this study, data on human adenoviruses from different water matrices (the entrance and exit of a water treatment plant, rivers and seawaters) were analyzed, in parallel with traditional fecal bacterial indicators and somatic coliphages. The results showed a 64% frequency of positive adenovirus samples, decreasing from the sewage system (100% at the entrance and 94% at the exit) to rivers (92% and 72% for different rivers) and seawater (21%). Adenovirus concentrations showed a significant correlation with somatic coliphages in one river and seawater, thus supporting the recent inclusion of coliphages as viral indicators in water safety guidelines. The data collected were used to estimate adenovirus to indicator ratios, which could be used as input in Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Verani
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ileana Federigi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Donzelli
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Cioni
- Scuola Normale Superiore, P.zza dei Cavalieri, 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Annalaura Carducci
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Wang C, Schneider RL, Parlange JY, Dahlke HE, Walter MT. Explaining and modeling the concentration and loading of Escherichia coli in a stream-A case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1426-1435. [PMID: 29710595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) level in streams is a public health indicator. Therefore, being able to explain why E. coli levels are sometimes high and sometimes low is important. Using citizen science data from Fall Creek in central NY we found that complementarily using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression provided insights into the drivers of E. coli and a mechanism for predicting E. coli levels, respectively. We found that stormwater, temperature/season and shallow subsurface flow are the three dominant processes driving the fate and transport of E. coli. PLS regression modeling provided very good predictions under stormwater conditions (R2 = 0.85 for log (E. coli concentration) and R2 = 0.90 for log (E. coli loading)); predictions under baseflow conditions were less robust. But, in our case, both E. coli concentration and E. coli loading were significantly higher under stormwater condition, so it is probably more important to predict high-flow E. coli hazards than low-flow conditions. Besides previously reported good indicators of in-stream E. coli level, nitrate-/nitrite-nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus were also found to be good indicators of in-stream E. coli levels. These findings suggest management practices to reduce E. coli concentrations and loads in-streams and, eventually, reduce the risk of waterborne disease outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozi Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Jean-Yves Parlange
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Helen E Dahlke
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Todd Walter
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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15
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La Rosa G, Proroga YTR, De Medici D, Capuano F, Iaconelli M, Della Libera S, Suffredini E. First Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Shellfish and in Seawater from Production Areas in Southern Italy. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2018; 10:127-131. [PMID: 28956272 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish samples (n = 384) from production areas, water samples from the same areas (n = 39) and from nearby sewage discharge points (n = 29) were analyzed for hepatitis E virus (HEV) by real-time and nested RT-PCR. Ten shellfish samples (2.6%) and five seawater samples (12.8%) tested positive for HEV; all characterized strains were G3 and showed high degree of sequence identity. An integrated surveillance in seafood and waters is relevant to reduce the risk of shellfish-associated illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Y T R Proroga
- Department of Food Inspection, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via della Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - D De Medici
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - F Capuano
- Department of Food Inspection, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via della Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - E Suffredini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Van de Waal DB, Guillebault D, Alfonso A, Rodríguez I, Botana LM, Bijkerk R, Medlin LK. Molecular detection of harmful cyanobacteria and expression of their toxin genes in Dutch lakes using multi-probe RNA chips. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 72:25-35. [PMID: 29413382 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a major threat to water quality and human health. Adequate risk assessment is thus required, which relies strongly on comprehensive monitoring. Here, we tested novel multi-probe RNA chips developed in the European project, μAqua, to determine the abundance of harmful cyanobacterial species and expression of selected toxin genes in six Dutch lakes. All of the targeted cyanobacterial genera, except for Planktothrix, were detected using the microarray, with predominance of Dolichospermum and Microcystis signals, of which the former was found across all sites and detected by the probes for Anabaena where it was formerly placed. These were confirmed by microscopic cell counts at three sites, whereas at the other sites, microscopic cell counts were lower. Probe signals of Microcystis showed larger variation across sites but also matched microscopic counts for three sites. At the other sites, microscopic counts were distinctly higher. We detected anatoxin-a in the water at all sites, but unfortunately no genes for this toxin were on this generation of the toxin array. For microcystins, we found none or low concentrations in the water, despite high population densities of putative microcystin producers (i.e. Microcystis, Dolichospermum). The described method requires further testing with a wider range of cyanobacterial communities and toxin concentrations before implementation into routine cyanobacterial risk assessment. Yet, our results demonstrate a great potential for applying multi-probe RNA chips for species as well as toxins to eutrophic waters with high cyanobacterial densities as a routine monitoring tool and as a predictive tool for toxin potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Post Office Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Amparo Alfonso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Inés Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ronald Bijkerk
- Koeman & Bijkerk B.V., Post Office Box 111, 9750 AC Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Linda K Medlin
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Citadel, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
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17
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D'Ugo E, Marcheggiani S, D'Angelo AM, Caciolli S, Puccinelli C, Giuseppetti R, Marcoaldi R, Romanelli C, Mancini L. Microbiological water quality in the medical device industry in Italy. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Akçaalan R, Albay M, Koker L, Baudart J, Guillebault D, Fischer S, Weigel W, Medlin LK. Seasonal dynamics of freshwater pathogens as measured by microarray at Lake Sapanca, a drinking water source in the north-eastern part of Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 190:42. [PMID: 29273852 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring drinking water quality is an important public health issue. Two objectives from the 4 years, six nations, EU Project μAqua were to develop hierarchically specific probes to detect and quantify pathogens in drinking water using a PCR-free microarray platform and to design a standardised water sampling program from different sources in Europe to obtain sufficient material for downstream analysis. Our phylochip contains barcodes (probes) that specifically identify freshwater pathogens that are human health risks in a taxonomic hierarchical fashion such that if species is present, the entire taxonomic hierarchy (genus, family, order, phylum, kingdom) leading to it must also be present, which avoids false positives. Molecular tools are more rapid, accurate and reliable than traditional methods, which means faster mitigation strategies with less harm to humans and the community. We present microarray results for the presence of freshwater pathogens from a Turkish lake used drinking water and inferred cyanobacterial cell equivalents from samples concentrated from 40 into 1 L in 45 min using hollow fibre filters. In two companion studies from the same samples, cyanobacterial toxins were analysed using chemical methods and those dates with highest toxin values also had highest cell equivalents as inferred from this microarray study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan Akçaalan
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Ordu cad. No:8 34134, Laleli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meric Albay
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Ordu cad. No:8 34134, Laleli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Latife Koker
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Ordu cad. No:8 34134, Laleli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julia Baudart
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
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19
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Mauceri C, Grazia Clemente M, Castiglia P, Antonucci R, Schwarz KB. Hepatitis E in Italy: A silent presence. J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:1-8. [PMID: 28864359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was discovered in the 1980s and has been considered as being confined to developing countries. The purpose of this critical review was to determine the reported HEV seroprevalence rates in Italy, to identify predisposing factors and individuals at risk and to assess possible importation of HEV by immigrants. A critical review of 159 articles published in PubMed from 1994 to date was done. Only 27 original reports of 50 or more subjects, written in the English or Italian language, were included. Over three decades, the HEV seroprevalence varied from 0.12% to 49%, with the highest rates being reported from the central region of Italy. Risk factors included ingestion of raw pork or potentially contaminated food. The seroprevalence among immigrants ranged from 15.3% to 19.7% in Apulia. Italy has a population of 60656000; the total number of individuals surveyed was only 21.882 (0.036%). A national epidemiological survey program is needed to capture more comprehensive seroprevalence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mauceri
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, University of Sassari Medical School, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Clemente
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, University of Sassari Medical School, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Castiglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Unit, University-AOU of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Antonucci
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, University of Sassari Medical School, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Kathleen B Schwarz
- Pediatric Liver Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21287, MD, USA.
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20
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La Rosa G, Sanseverino I, Della Libera S, Iaconelli M, Ferrero V, Barra Caracciolo A, Lettieri T. The impact of anthropogenic pressure on the virological quality of water from the Tiber River, Italy. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:298-305. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
| | - I. Sanseverino
- European Commission; DG Joint Research Centre; Directorate Sustainable Resources; Ispra Italy
| | - S. Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
| | - M. Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome Italy
| | | | | | - T. Lettieri
- European Commission; DG Joint Research Centre; Directorate Sustainable Resources; Ispra Italy
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21
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Kovac J, Stessl B, Čadež N, Gruntar I, Cimerman M, Stingl K, Lušicky M, Ocepek M, Wagner M, Smole Možina S. Population structure and attribution of human clinical Campylobacter jejuni isolates from central Europe to livestock and environmental sources. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:51-58. [PMID: 28755449 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is among the most prevalent causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Domesticated animals and, especially, chicken meat are considered to be the main sources of infections. However, the contribution of surface waters and wildlife in C. jejuni transmission to humans is not well understood. We have evaluated the source attribution potential of a six-gene multiplex PCR (mPCR) method coupled with STRUCTURE analysis on a set of 410 C. jejuni strains isolated from environment, livestock, food and humans in central Europe. Multiplex PCR fingerprints were analysed using Subclade prediction algorithm to classify them into six distinct mPCR clades. A subset of C. jejuni isolates (70%) was characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) demonstrating 74% congruence between mPCR and MLST. The correspondence analysis of mPCR clades and sources of isolation indicated three distinct groups in the studied C. jejuni population-the first one associated with isolates from poultry, the second one with isolates from cattle, and the third one with isolates from the environment. The STRUCTURE analysis attributed 7.2% and 21.7% of human isolates to environmental sources based on MLST and mPCR fingerprints, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kovac
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - B Stessl
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Čadež
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Gruntar
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Cimerman
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Department of Microbiological Analysis of Food, Water and Environmental Samples Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - K Stingl
- Department of Biological Safety, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Lušicky
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Department of Microbiological Analysis of Food, Water and Environmental Samples Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - M Ocepek
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Wagner
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Abstract
To survive adverse conditions, some bacterial species are capable of developing into a cell type, the "spore," which exhibits minimal metabolic activity and remains viable in the presence of multiple environmental challenges. For some pathogenic bacteria, this developmental state serves as a means of survival during transmission from one host to another. Spores are the highly infectious form of these bacteria. Upon entrance into a host, specific signals facilitate germination into metabolically active replicating organisms, resulting in disease pathogenesis. In this article, we will review spore structure and function in well-studied pathogens of two genera, Bacillus and Clostridium, focusing on Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium difficile, and explore current data regarding the lifestyles of these bacteria outside the host and transmission from one host to another.
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23
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Ricci A, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, Fernandez Escamez PS, Herman L, Koutsoumanis K, Lindqvist R, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Threlfall J, Wahlström H, Di Bartolo I, Johne R, Pavio N, Rutjes S, van der Poel W, Vasickova P, Hempen M, Messens W, Rizzi V, Latronico F, Girones R. Public health risks associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) as a food-borne pathogen. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04886. [PMID: 32625551 PMCID: PMC7010180 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important infection in humans in EU/EEA countries, and over the last 10 years more than 21,000 acute clinical cases with 28 fatalities have been notified with an overall 10-fold increase in reported HEV cases; the majority (80%) of cases were reported from France, Germany and the UK. However, as infection in humans is not notifiable in all Member States, and surveillance differs between countries, the number of reported cases is not comparable and the true number of cases would probably be higher. Food-borne transmission of HEV appears to be a major route in Europe; pigs and wild boars are the main source of HEV. Outbreaks and sporadic cases have been identified in immune-competent persons as well as in recognised risk groups such as those with pre-existing liver damage, immunosuppressive illness or receiving immunosuppressive treatments. The opinion reviews current methods for the detection, identification, characterisation and tracing of HEV in food-producing animals and foods, reviews literature on HEV reservoirs and food-borne pathways, examines information on the epidemiology of HEV and its occurrence and persistence in foods, and investigates possible control measures along the food chain. Presently, the only efficient control option for HEV infection from consumption of meat, liver and products derived from animal reservoirs is sufficient heat treatment. The development of validated quantitative and qualitative detection methods, including infectivity assays and consensus molecular typing protocols, is required for the development of quantitative microbial risk assessments and efficient control measures. More research on the epidemiology and control of HEV in pig herds is required in order to minimise the proportion of pigs that remain viraemic or carry high levels of virus in intestinal contents at the time of slaughter. Consumption of raw pig, wild boar and deer meat products should be avoided.
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24
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Rodriguez I, Fraga M, Alfonso A, Guillebault D, Medlin L, Baudart J, Jacob P, Helmi K, Meyer T, Breitenbach U, Holden NM, Boots B, Spurio R, Cimarelli L, Mancini L, Marcheggiani S, Albay M, Akcaalan R, Köker L, Botana LM. Monitoring of freshwater toxins in European environmental waters by using novel multi-detection methods. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:645-654. [PMID: 27505279 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the quality of freshwater is an important issue for public health. In the context of the European project μAqua, 150 samples were collected from several waters in France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Turkey for 2 yr. These samples were analyzed using 2 multitoxin detection methods previously developed: a microsphere-based method coupled to flow-cytometry, and an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The presence of microcystins, nodularin, domoic acid, cylindrospermopsin, and several analogues of anatoxin-a (ATX-a) was monitored. No traces of cylindrospermopsin or domoic acid were found in any of the environmental samples. Microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR were detected in 2 samples from Turkey and Germany. In the case of ATX-a derivatives, 75% of samples contained mainly H2 -ATX-a and small amounts of H2 -homoanatoxin-a, whereas ATX-a and homoanatoxin-a were found in only 1 sample. These results confirm the presence and wide distribution of dihydro derivatives of ATX-a toxins in European freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:645-654. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Maria Fraga
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Linda Medlin
- Microbia Environnement, Observatoire Océanologique, France
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, Observatoire Océanologique Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Julia Baudart
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, Observatoire Océanologique Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Jacob
- Centre de Recherche de Saint Maurice, Veolia Recherche et Innovation Immeuble le Dufy, St. Maurice, France
| | - Karim Helmi
- Centre de Recherche de Saint Maurice, Veolia Recherche et Innovation Immeuble le Dufy, St. Maurice, France
| | - Thomas Meyer
- MariLim Aquatic Research, Schoenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Nicholas M Holden
- School of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bas Boots
- School of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roberto Spurio
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Lucia Cimarelli
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Mancini
- Environmental, Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Environment & Primary Prevention Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Marcheggiani
- Environmental, Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Environment & Primary Prevention Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Meric Albay
- Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Latife Köker
- Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luis M Botana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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25
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Blanco Y, Moreno-Paz M, Parro V. Experimental Protocol for Detecting Cyanobacteria in Liquid and Solid Samples with an Antibody Microarray Chip. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287562 DOI: 10.3791/54994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming and eutrophication make some aquatic ecosystems behave as true bioreactors that trigger rapid and massive cyanobacterial growth; this has relevant health and economic consequences. Many cyanobacterial strains are toxin producers, and only a few cells are necessary to induce irreparable damage to the environment. Therefore, water-body authorities and administrations require rapid and efficient early-warning systems providing reliable data to support their preventive or curative decisions. This manuscript reports an experimental protocol for the in-field detection of toxin-producing cyanobacterial strains by using an antibody microarray chip with 17 antibodies (Abs) with taxonomic resolution (CYANOCHIP). Here, a multiplex fluorescent sandwich microarray immunoassay (FSMI) for the simultaneous monitoring of 17 cyanobacterial strains frequently found blooming in freshwater ecosystems, some of them toxin producers, is described. A microarray with multiple identical replicates (up to 24) of the CYANOCHIP was printed onto a single microscope slide to simultaneously test a similar number of samples. Liquid samples can be tested either by direct incubation with the antibodies (Abs) or after cell concentration by filtration through a 1- to 3-μm filter. Solid samples, such as sediments and ground rocks, are first homogenized and dispersed by a hand-held ultrasonicator in an incubation buffer. They are then filtered (5 - 20 μm) to remove the coarse material, and the filtrate is incubated with Abs. Immunoreactions are revealed by a final incubation with a mixture of the 17 fluorescence-labeled Abs and are read by a portable fluorescence detector. The whole process takes around 3 h, most of it corresponding to two 1-h periods of incubation. The output is an image, where bright spots correspond to the positive detection of cyanobacterial markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Blanco
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, INTA-CSIC)
| | | | - Victor Parro
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, INTA-CSIC);
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Tiet P, Clark KC, McNamara JO, Berlin JM. Colorimetric Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Contaminated Solutions without Purification. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:183-193. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen C. Clark
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - James O. McNamara
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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27
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Baudart J, Guillebault D, Mielke E, Meyer T, Tandon N, Fischer S, Weigel W, Medlin LK. Microarray (phylochip) analysis of freshwater pathogens at several sites along the Northern German coast transecting both estuarine and freshwaters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:871-886. [PMID: 27872997 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the quality of drinking water is an important issue for public health. Two of the main objectives of the European Project μAQUA were (i) the development of specific probes to detect and quantify pathogens in drinking water and (ii) the design of standardized sampling programs of water from different sources in Europe in order to obtain sufficient material for downstream analysis. Our phylochip contains barcodes that specifically identify freshwater pathogens for enabling the detection of organisms that can be risks for human health. Monitoring for organisms with molecular tools is rapid, more accurate and more reliable than traditional methods. Rapid detection means that mitigation strategies come into play faster with less harm to the community and to humans. Samples were collected from several waters in France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and Turkey over 2 years. We present microarray results for the presence of freshwater pathogens from brackish and freshwater sites in Northern Germany, and cyanobacterial cell numbers inferred from these sites. In a companion study from the same samples, cyanobacterial toxins were analyzed using two methods and those sites with highest toxin values also had highest cell numbers as inferred from this microarray study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baudart
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | | | - Erik Mielke
- MariLim Aquatic Research, GmbH Heinrich-Wöhlk-Str.14, 24232, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- MariLim Aquatic Research, GmbH Heinrich-Wöhlk-Str.14, 24232, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Linda K Medlin
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Citadel, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.
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28
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D'Ugo E, Marcheggiani S, Fioramonti I, Giuseppetti R, Spurio R, Helmi K, Guillebault D, Medlin LK, Simeonovski I, Boots B, Breitenbach U, Koker L, Albay M, Mancini L. Detection of Human Enteric Viruses in Freshwater from European Countries. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2016; 8:206-214. [PMID: 27117764 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of water-borne pathogens typically occurs by a faecal-oral route, through inhalation of aerosols, or by direct or indirect contact with contaminated water. Previous molecular-based studies have identified viral particles of zoonotic and human nature in surface waters. Contaminated water can lead to human health issues, and the development of rapid methods for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms is a valuable tool for the prevention of their spread. The aims of this work were to determine the presence and identity of representative human pathogenic enteric viruses in water samples from six European countries by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and to develop two quantitative PCR methods for Adenovirus 41 and Mammalian Orthoreoviruses. A 2-year survey showed that Norovirus, Mammalian Orthoreovirus and Adenoviruses were the most frequently identified enteric viruses in the sampled surface waters. Although it was not possible to establish viability and infectivity of the viruses considered, the detectable presence of pathogenic viruses may represent a potential risk for human health. The methodology developed may aid in rapid detection of these pathogens for monitoring quality of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio D'Ugo
- Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Department Environmental Environment & Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Marcheggiani
- Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Department Environmental Environment & Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fioramonti
- Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Department Environmental Environment & Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Giuseppetti
- Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Department Environmental Environment & Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Spurio
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Karim Helmi
- Veolia Rechercheur & Innovation, Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Linda K Medlin
- Microbia Environnement, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Ivan Simeonovski
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bas Boots
- UCD School of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Latife Koker
- Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meric Albay
- Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Laura Mancini
- Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Department Environmental Environment & Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Poma V, Mamani N, Iñiguez V. Impact of urban contamination of the La Paz River basin on thermotolerant coliform density and occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant enteric pathogens in river water, irrigated soil and fresh vegetables. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:499. [PMID: 27186463 PMCID: PMC4840126 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
La Paz River in Andean highlands is heavily polluted with urban run-off and further contaminates agricultural lowlands and downstream waters at the Amazon watershed. Agricultural produce at this region is the main source of vegetables for the major Andean cities of La Paz and El Alto. We conducted a 1 year study, to evaluate microbial quality parameters and occurrence of multiple enteropathogenic bacteria (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli—EHEC, Enteroinvasive E. coli or Shigella—EIEC/Shigella, Enteroaggregative E. coli—EAEC, Enteropathogenic E. coli—EPEC Enterotoxigenic E. coli—ETEC and Salmonella) and its resistance to 11 antibiotics. Four sampling locations were selected: a fresh mountain water reservoir (un-impacted, site 1) and downstream sites receiving wastewater discharges (impacted, sites 2–4). River water (sites 1–4, N = 48), and soil and vegetable samples (site 3, N = 24) were collected during dry (April–September) and rainy seasons (October–March). Throughout the study, thermotolerant coliform density values at impacted sites greatly exceeded the guidelines for recreational and agricultural water uses. Seasonal differences were found for thermotolerant coliform density during dry season in water samples nearby a populated and hospital compound area. In contrast to the un-impacted site, where none of the tested enteropathogens were found, 100 % of surface water, 83 % of soil and 67 % of vegetable samples at impacted sites, were contaminated with at least one enteropathogen, being ETEC and Salmonella the most frequently found. ETEC isolates displayed different patterns of toxin genes among sites. The occurrence of enteropathogens was associated with the thermotolerant coliform density. At impacted sites, multiple enteropathogens were frequently found during rainy season. Among isolated enteropathogens, 50 % were resistant to at least two antibiotics, with resistance to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline commonly present. Moreover, some Salmonella isolates were distinguished by their multi-resistance to ≥8 antibiotics, within soil and vegetable samples. Overall, this study demonstrates that La Paz River—an affluent of the Amazon macrobasin—is heavily polluted along the year with a high density of thermotolerant coliforms and is a reservoir of multiple antibiotic resistant enteropathogens, present in river water, soil and vegetables. These data highlight health risk associated with food and waterborne diseases at the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Poma
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Campus Universitario-Cota Cota, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Nataniel Mamani
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Campus Universitario-Cota Cota, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Volga Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Campus Universitario-Cota Cota, La Paz, Bolivia
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30
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Tejesvi MV, Uhari M, Tapiainen T, Pirttilä AM, Suokas M, Lantto U, Koivunen P, Renko M. Tonsillar microbiota in children with PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:963-70. [PMID: 27025724 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) is a childhood febrile syndrome of unknown origin that is often cured with tonsillectomy. We aimed to compare the bacterial microbiota of the tonsils removed from PFAPA patients with those of controls. We used next-generation sequencing technology to investigate the bacterial microbiota of the tonsils of 30 PFAPA patients and 24 controls. We found significant differences in the presence and relative abundance of many bacteria between PFAPA cases and controls. For example, cyanobacteria, potential producers of microcystins and other toxins, were more common in the case samples (14/30, 47 %) than in the controls (4/24, 17 %, p = 0.02), and the mean relative abundance of cyanobacteria was higher in the case samples (0.2 %) than in the controls (0.01 %, p = 0.01). Streptococci were present in all samples in both groups, but their mean relative abundance was lower in the case samples (3.7 %) than in the controls (9.6 %, p = 0.01). Typical nasopharyngeal microbes such as fusobacteria, Prevotella, Tannerella, Porphyromonas, and Parvimonas dominated the microbiota of the tonsils in both groups. The microbiota of the tonsils removed from PFAPA patients differed significantly from those of the controls. Tonsillar microbiota may play a role in triggering the inflammatory processes that lead to symptoms of PFAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Tejesvi
- Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Uhari
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 23, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Tapiainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 23, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - A M Pirttilä
- Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Suokas
- Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - U Lantto
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 23, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Koivunen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 23, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Renko
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 23, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
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31
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Scientific Symposium “Small Solution for Big Water-Related Problems: Innovative Microarrays and Small Sensors to Cope with Water Quality and Food Security”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015. [PMCID: PMC4690928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121214992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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