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Cheng Z, Qin K, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Li B, Jiang C, Xu J. Air pollution and cancer daily mortality in Hangzhou, China: an ecological research. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084804. [PMID: 38858146 PMCID: PMC11168133 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked to cancer incidence. However, the evidence is limited regarding the effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on cancer mortality. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate associations between short-term exposure to air pollutants (sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 mm (PM10) and PM2.5) and cancer daily mortality. METHODS This study used air quality, meteorological and daily cancer death data from 2014 to 2019 in Hangzhou, China. Generalised additive models (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression were used to analyse the associations between air pollutants and cancer mortality with adjustment for confounding factors including time trends, day of week, temperature and humidity. Then, we conducted stratified analyses by sex, age, season and education. In addition, stratified analyses of age, season and education were performed within each sex to determine whether sex difference was modified by such factors. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, the GAM results indicated a statistically significant relationship between increased cancer mortality and elevated air pollution concentrations, but only in the female population. For every 10 μg/m3 rise in pollutant concentration, the increased risk of cancer death in females was 6.82% (95% CI 3.63% to 10.10%) for SO2 on lag 03, and 2.02% (95% CI 1.12% to 2.93%) for NO2 on lag 01 and 0.89% (95% CI 0.46% to 1.33%) for PM10 on lag 03 and 1.29% (95% CI 0.64% to 1.95%) for PM2.5 on lag 03. However, no statistically significant association was found among males. Moreover, the differences in effect sizes between males and females were more pronounced during the cold season, among the elderly and among subjects with low levels of education. CONCLUSIONS Increased cancer mortality was only observed in females with rising concentrations of air pollutants. Further research is required to confirm this sex difference. Advocate for the reduction of air pollutant emissions to protect vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxue Cheng
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhecong Yu
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Jiang
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Xu
- Department of Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Kim DY, Kim IA, Jang BS. The Impact of PM 2.5 on Radiation-induced Pneumonitis in Patients With Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2024; 38:928-934. [PMID: 38418158 PMCID: PMC10905480 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution is known to adversely affect respiratory disease, but no study has examined its effect on radiation-induced pneumonitis (RIP) in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 2,736 patients with breast cancer who received postoperative radiation therapy (RT) between 2017 and 2020 in a single institution. The distance between the PM measurement station and our institution was only 3.43 km. PM data, including PM2.5 and PM10, were retrieved from the open dataset in the official government database. RESULTS Overall incidence rate of RIP was 1.74%. After adjusting for age, RT technique, regional irradiation, fractionation and boost, the average value of PM2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of RIP (p=0.047) when patients received ≥20 fractions of RT. Specifically, PM2.5 ≥35 (μg/m3) showed a significantly higher risk of RIP (p=0.019) in patients with ≥20 fractions of RT. CONCLUSION This is the first study to reveal the association between PM2.5 and RIP in patients with breast cancer who received 20 fractions or more of postoperative RT. We demonstrated that high PM2.5 levels around the RT institution were associated with RIP, suggesting that reducing PM air pollution may be a modifiable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Sup Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen TY, Chen SC, Wang CW, Tu HP, Chen PS, Hu SCS, Li CH, Wu DW, Hung CH, Kuo CH. The impact of the synergistic effect of SO 2 and PM 2.5/PM 10 on obstructive lung disease in subtropical Taiwan. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1229820. [PMID: 37809009 PMCID: PMC10558068 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Obstructive lung diseases (COPD) are complex conditions influenced by various environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Ambient air pollution has been identified as a potential risk factor, causing 4.2 million deaths worldwide in 2016, accounting for 25% of all COPD-related deaths and 26% of all respiratory infection-related deaths. This study aims to evaluate the associations among chronic lung diseases, air pollution, and meteorological factors. Methods This cross-sectional study obtained data from the Taiwan Biobank and Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database. We defined obstructive lung disease as patients with FEV1/FVC < 70%. Descriptive analysis between spirometry groups was performed using one-way ANOVA and the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to evaluate the relationship between SO2 and PM2.5/PM10 through equations and splines fitting. Results A total of 2,635 participants were enrolled. Regarding environmental factors, higher temperature, higher relative humidity, and lower rainfall were risk factors for obstructive lung disease. SO2 was positively correlated with PM10 and PM2.5, with correlation coefficients of 0.53 (p < 0.0001) and 0.52 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Additionally, SO2 modified the relative risk of obstructive impairment for both PM10 [β coefficient (β) = 0.01, p = 0.0052] and PM2.5 (β = 0.01, p = 0.0155). Further analysis per standard deviation (per SD) increase revealed that SO2 also modified the relationship for both PM10 (β = 0.11, p = 0.0052) and PM2.5 (β = 0.09, p = 0.0155). Our GAM analysis showed a quadratic pattern for SO2 (per SD) and PM10 (per SD) in model 1, and a quadratic pattern for SO2 (per SD) in model 2. Moreover, our findings confirmed synergistic effects among temperature, SO2 and PM2.5/PM10, as demonstrated by the significant associations of bivariate (SO2 vs. PM10, SO2 vs. PM2.5) thin-plate smoothing splines in models 1 and 2 with obstructive impairment (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our study showed high temperature, humidity, and low rainfall increased the risk of obstructive lung disease. Synergistic effects were observed among temperature, SO2, and PM2.5/PM10. The impact of air pollutants on obstructive lung disease should consider these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Yu Chen
- School of Post-baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shih Chen
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hui Li
- Doctoral Degree Program, Department of International Business, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Jeong YJ, Kim CU, Lee KS, Kim JH, Park SY, Jeong AY, Lee JB, Kim DJ, Park YJ, Lee MS. Pseudomonas stutzeri PM101005 inhaled with atmospheric particulate matter induces lung damage through inflammatory responses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120741. [PMID: 36435285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) contains a mixture of chemical and biological elements that pose threat to human health by increasing susceptibility to respiratory diseases. Although the identification of the microorganisms composing the PM has been assessed, their immunological impacts are still questionable. Here, we examined the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas stutzeri PM101005 (PMPS), a bacterium isolated from fine dust, in lung epithelial cells, alveolar cells, and macrophages. Relative to its comparative strain Pseudomonas stutzeri (PS), infections with PMPS induced higher production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, mediated by the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, with three-dimensional (3D) airway spheroids which mimic the human bronchial epithelium, we confirmed that PMPS infections lead to relatively higher induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines than PM infections. Consistent results were observed in murine models as the infections with PMPS provoked greater inflammatory responses than the infections with PS. These PMPS-induced responses were mediated by the signaling pathways of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which regulated PMPS infection and played an important role in the expression of the antibiotic peptide β-defensin 3 (BD3) that suppressed PMPS proliferation. Moreover, PM pretreatment enhanced inflammatory responses and tissue damage of PMPS, while reducing BD3 expression. Overall, these results indicate that PM-isolated PMPS induce TLR-mediated inflammatory responses in lung tissues, and contributes to the understanding of the etiology of PM-induced respiratory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jeong
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ung Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 127 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahn Young Jeong
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 127 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Bong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 127 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 127 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 127 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Ambient Air Pollution and Risk for Stroke Hospitalization: Impact on Susceptible Groups. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070350. [PMID: 35878255 PMCID: PMC9324267 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death, and air pollution is associated with stroke hospitalization. However, the susceptibility factors are unclear. Retrospective studies from 2014 to 2018 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, were analyzed. Adult patients (>17 years) admitted to a medical center with stroke diagnosis were enrolled and patient characteristics and comorbidities were recorded. Air pollutant measurements, including those of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), were collected from air quality monitoring stations. During the study period, interquartile range (IQR) increments in PM2.5 on lag3 and lag4 were 12.3% (95% CI, 1.1−24.7%) and 11.5% (95% CI, 0.3−23.9%) concerning the risk of stroke hospitalization, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of stroke hospitalization after exposure to PM2.5 was greater for those with advanced age (≥80 years, interaction p = 0.045) and hypertension (interaction p = 0.034), after adjusting for temperature and humidity. A dose-dependent effect of PM2.5 on stroke hospitalization was evident. This is one of few studies focusing on the health effects of PM2.5 for patients with risk factors of stroke. We found that patients with risk factors, such as advanced age and hypertension, are more susceptible to PM2.5 impacts on stroke hospitalization.
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Cheng CY, Tseng YL, Huang KC, Chiu IM, Pan HY, Cheng FJ. Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Emergency Room Visits for Pediatric Respiratory Diseases: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050247. [PMID: 35622660 PMCID: PMC9146083 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The level and composition of air pollution have changed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the association between air pollution and pediatric respiratory disease emergency department (ED) visits during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. The study was retrospectively conducted between 2017 and 2020 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2020, defined as the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and 1 January 2017 to 31 May 2019, defined as the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period. We enrolled patients under 17 years old who visited the ED in a medical center and were diagnosed with respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, and acute pharyngitis. Measurements of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters of <10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and Ozone (O3) were collected. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the interquartile range of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 levels was associated with increases of 72.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.5−97.7%), 98.0% (95% CI, 70.7−129.6%), and 54.7% (95% CI, 38.7−72.6%), respectively, in the risk of pediatric respiratory disease ED visits on lag 1, which were greater than those in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period. After adjusting for temperature and humidity, the risk of pediatric respiratory diseases after exposure to PM2.5 (inter p = 0.001) and PM10 (inter p < 0.001) was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 may play important roles in pediatric respiratory events in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Compared with the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period, the levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were lower; however, the levels were related to a greater increase in ED during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yung Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (I.-M.C.); (H.-Y.P.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Chen Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (I.-M.C.); (H.-Y.P.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - I-Min Chiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (I.-M.C.); (H.-Y.P.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yung Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (I.-M.C.); (H.-Y.P.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (I.-M.C.); (H.-Y.P.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975056646; Fax: +886-7-7317123
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Bañuelos Gimeno J, Blanco A, Díaz J, Linares C, López JA, Navas MA, Sánchez-Martínez G, Luna Y, Hervella B, Belda F, Culqui DR. Air pollution and meteorological variables' effects on COVID-19 first and second waves in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 20:2869-2882. [PMID: 35529588 PMCID: PMC9065237 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this research is to study the influence of atmospheric pollutants and meteorological variables on the incidence rate of COVID-19 and the rate of hospital admissions due to COVID-19 during the first and second waves in nine Spanish provinces. Numerous studies analyze the effect of environmental and pollution variables separately, but few that include them in the same analysis together, and even fewer that compare their effects between the first and second waves of the virus. This study was conducted in nine of 52 Spanish provinces, using generalized linear models with Poisson link between levels of PM10, NO2 and O3 (independent variables) and maximum temperature and absolute humidity and the rates of incidence and hospital admissions of COVID-19 (dependent variables), establishing a series of significant lags. Using the estimators obtained from the significant multivariate models, the relative risks associated with these variables were calculated for increases of 10 µg/m3 for pollutants, 1 °C for temperature and 1 g/m3 for humidity. The results suggest that NO2 has a greater association than the other air pollution variables and the meteorological variables. There was a greater association with O3 in the first wave and with NO2 in the second. Pollutants showed a homogeneous distribution across the country. We conclude that, compared to other air pollutants and meteorological variables, NO2 is a protagonist that may modulate the incidence and severity of COVID-19, though preventive public health measures such as masking and hand washing are still very important. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-022-04190-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bañuelos Gimeno
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National School of Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Blanco
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National School of Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Díaz
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National School of Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Linares
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National School of Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. A. López
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National School of Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. A. Navas
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National School of Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Y. Luna
- State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), CALLE RIOS ROSAS, 44, Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Hervella
- State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), CALLE RIOS ROSAS, 44, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Belda
- State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), CALLE RIOS ROSAS, 44, Madrid, Spain
| | - D. R. Culqui
- Reference Unit on Climate Change, Health and Urban Environment, National School of Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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First Lidar Campaign in the Industrial Sites of Volta Redonda-RJ and Lorena-SP, Brazil. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first aerosol profiling campaign in the Paraíba valley, a hub connecting the region between the two largest Brazilian metropolitan areas, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. São Paulo Sanitation Technology Company (CETESB) air quality and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data show homogeneous behavior of the atmosphere throughout the region. A more detailed description of the particulate material in the local atmosphere, including its temporal dependence, can be obtained by using ground-based lidars. Measurements were carried out with a backscatter lidar system in two industrial cities, Volta Redonda and Lorena. The aerosol backscatter profiles present several peaks at different altitudes, indicating the presence of aerosol in several atmospheric layers. In addition, The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) air-mass back-trajectories indicate a possible detection of long-range aerosol transported from biomass burning areas of South America. The present study emphasizes the importance of investigating and monitoring the emission of particulate matter at this important hub connection between two dense populated regions of Brazil.
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Areal AT, Zhao Q, Wigmann C, Schneider A, Schikowski T. The effect of air pollution when modified by temperature on respiratory health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152336. [PMID: 34914983 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and are exacerbated by air pollution and temperature. AIM To assess published literature on the effect of air pollution modified by temperature on respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. METHODS We identified 26,656 papers in PubMed and Web of Science, up to March 2021, and selected for analysis; inclusion criteria included observational studies, short-term air pollution, and temperature exposure. Air pollutants considered were particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μg/m3, and 10 μg/m3 (PM2.5, and PM10), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A random-effects model was used for our meta-analysis. RESULTS For respiratory mortality we found that when the effect PM10 is modified by high temperatures there is an increased pooled Odds Ratio [OR, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] of 1.021 (1.008 to 1.034) and for the effect of O3 the pooled OR is 1.006 (1.001-1.012) during the warm season. For hospital admissions, the effects of PM10 and O3 respectively, during the warm season found an increased pooled OR of 1.011 (0.999-1.024), and 1.015 (0.995-1.036). In our analysis for low temperatures, results were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to air pollution when modified by high temperature is likely to increase the odds of respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. Analysis on the interaction effect of air pollution and temperature on health outcomes is a relatively new research field and results are largely inconsistent; therefore, further research is encouraged to establish a more conclusive conclusion on the strength and direction of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashtyn Tracey Areal
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Claudia Wigmann
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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10
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Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Its Components on Emergency Room Visits for Pediatric Pneumonia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010599. [PMID: 34682345 PMCID: PMC8535937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia, one of the important causes of death in children, may be induced or aggravated by particulate matter (PM). Limited research has examined the association between PM and its constituents and pediatric pneumonia-related emergency department (ED) visits. Measurements of PM2.5, PM10, and four PM2.5 constituents, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrate, and sulfate, were extracted from 2007 to 2010 from one core station and two satellite stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Furthermore, the medical records of patients under 17 years old who had visited the ED in a medical center and had a diagnosis of pneumonia were collected. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover study design to estimate the effect of PM. The single-pollutant model demonstrated interquartile range increase in PM2.5, PM10, nitrate, OC, and EC on lag 3, which increased the risk of pediatric pneumonia by 18.2% (95% confidence interval (Cl), 8.8-28.4%), 13.1% (95% CI, 5.1-21.7%), 29.7% (95% CI, 16.4-44.5%), 16.8% (95% CI, 4.6-30.4%), and 14.4% (95% Cl, 6.5-22.9%), respectively. After PM2.5, PM10, and OC were adjusted for, nitrate and EC remained significant in two-pollutant models. Subgroup analyses revealed that nitrate had a greater effect on children during the warm season (April to September, interaction p = 0.035). In conclusion, pediatric pneumonia ED visit was related to PM2.5 and its constituents. Moreover, PM2.5 constituents, nitrate and EC, were more closely associated with ED visits for pediatric pneumonia, and children seemed to be more susceptible to nitrate during the warm season.
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11
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Ho YN, Cheng FJ, Tsai MT, Tsai CM, Chuang PC, Cheng CY. Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case-crossover study in an urban area. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1593. [PMID: 34445977 PMCID: PMC8393716 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global asthma-related mortality tallies at around 2.5 million annually. Although asthma may be triggered or exacerbated by particulate matter (PM) exposure, studies investigating the relationship of PM and its components with emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric asthma are limited. This study aimed to estimate the impact of short-term exposure to PM constituents on ED visits for pediatric asthma. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated non-trauma patients aged younger than 17 years who visited the ED with a primary diagnosis of asthma. Further, measurements of PM with aerodynamic diameter of < 10 μm (PM10), PM with aerodynamic diameter of < 10 μm (PM2.5), and four PM2.5 components (i.e., nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) were collected between 2007 and 2010 from southern particulate matter supersites. These included one core station and two satellite stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to analyze the hazard effect of PM. RESULTS Overall, 1597 patients were enrolled in our study. In the single-pollutant model, the estimated risk increase for pediatric asthma incidence on lag 3 were 14.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2-27.4%], 13.5% (95% CI, 3.3-24.6%), 14.8% (95% CI, 2.5-28.6%), and 19.8% (95% CI, 7.6-33.3%) per interquartile range increments in PM2.5, PM10, nitrate, and OC, respectively. In the two-pollutant models, OC remained significant after adjusting for PM2.5, PM10, and nitrate. During subgroup analysis, children were more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days (< 26 °C, interaction p = 0.008 and 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Both PM2.5 concentrations and its chemical constituents OC and nitrate are associated with ED visits for pediatric asthma. Among PM2.5 constituents, OC was most closely related to ED visits for pediatric asthma, and children are more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ni Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ta Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Tsai
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niao-Sung Dist, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lianhai Rd., Gushan Dist, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan.
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Wu DW, Chen SC, Tu HP, Wang CW, Hung CH, Chen HC, Kuo TY, Wang CF, Lai BC, Chen PS, Kuo CH. The Impact of the Synergistic Effect of Temperature and Air Pollutants on Chronic Lung Diseases in Subtropical Taiwan. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080819. [PMID: 34442463 PMCID: PMC8401456 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an association between air pollution and lung disease. However, few studies have explored the relationship between chronic lung diseases classified by lung function and environmental parameters. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the relationship between chronic lung diseases, air pollution, meteorological factors, and anthropometric indices. We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Taiwan Biobank and the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database. A total of 2889 participants were included. We found a V/U-shaped relationship between temperature and air pollutants, with significant effects at both high and low temperatures. In addition, at lower temperatures (<24.6 °C), air pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO) (adjusted OR (aOR):1.78/Log 1 ppb, 95% CI 0.98–3.25; aOR:5.35/Log 1 ppb, 95% CI 2.88–9.94), nitrogen monoxide (NO) (aOR:1.05/ppm, 95% CI 1.01–1.09; aOR:1.11/ppm, 95% CI 1.07–1.15), nitrogen oxides (NOx) (aOR:1.02/ppm, 95% CI 1.00–1.05; aOR:1.06/ppm, 95% CI 1.04–1.08), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) (aOR:1.29/ppm, 95% CI 1.01–1.65; aOR:1.77/ppm, 95% CI 1.36–2.30) were associated with restrictive and mixed lung diseases, respectively. Exposure to CO, NO, NO2, NOx and SO2 significantly affected obstructive and mixed lung disease in southern Taiwan. In conclusion, temperature and air pollution should be considered together when evaluating the impact on chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (S.-C.C.); (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (S.-C.C.); (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (S.-C.C.); (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (S.-C.C.); (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (S.-C.C.); (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Feng Wang
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (C.-F.W.); (B.-C.L.)
| | - Bo-Cheng Lai
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (C.-F.W.); (B.-C.L.)
| | - Pei-Shih Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2141-34); Fax: +886-7-311-0811
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan; (S.-C.C.); (C.-W.W.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-Y.K.); (C.-H.K.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Yuan CS, Lai CS, Tseng YL, Hsu PC, Lin CM, Cheng FJ. Repeated exposure to fine particulate matter constituents lead to liver inflammation and proliferative response in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112636. [PMID: 34392150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of ≦2.5 µm, PM2.5) exposure cause adverse health effects, including lung inflammation. Through intra-tracheal instillation of PM2.5 components, the study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory and proliferative effects on mice liver. PM2.5 samples were collected near an industrial complex at southern Taiwan. Mice were exposed to water extracts or insoluble particles by intra-tracheal instillation. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: control, low dose insoluble particle exposure (LP), high dose insoluble particle exposure (HP), low dose water extract exposure (LW), and high dose water extract exposure (HW). Biochemical analysis, western blotting, histological examination, and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate the results. RESULT Enrichment factor (EF) of metallic elements showed that the EFs of trace elements (Ti, V, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cu) in PM2.5 were above 10. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of the liver tissue showed inflammatory infiltration in particle exposure group; hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and karyomegaly were seen in the water extract exposure group. Upregulation of inflammatory signaling, p65 and p50, and caspase-3 (an important effector involved in apoptosis) positive hepatocytes was significantly increased in the HP group, followed by an elevation in protein levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153). Increased protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was noted in the LW and HW groups. An increase in phosphorylation of regulators of cell proliferation, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, were detected in the LW and HW groups. CONCLUSION The present study shows that the insoluble particle composition of PM2.5 induced inflammatory signaling and cytokines upregulation in the liver, accompanied with inflammatory cell and macrophage infiltration and an abnormal liver function. Exposure of water extract to PM2.5 induced signals of upregulated cellular proliferation, elevated markers of cell proliferation in liver, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration and karyomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC; Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81164, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Departme nt of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi, Chiayi County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
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14
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Sokoty L, Rimaz S, Hassanlouei B, Kermani M, Janani L. Short-term effects of air pollutants on hospitalization rate in patients with cardiovascular disease: a case-crossover study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26124-26131. [PMID: 33484464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the increasing rate of hospitalization due to the symptoms intensification, and the increasing trend of air pollution, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the amount of air pollutants and the incidence of cardiovascular disease leading to hospitalization. This case-crossover study was carried out on the data of admitted patients with cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease in Urmia during 2011-2016. Weather data about air pollutants (NO2, PM10, SO2, and CO) were obtained from the meteorological department of Urmia. The data were coded for each patient and matched with the meteorological data for statistical modeling. The data were analyzed through STATA version 14. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of air pollutants on cardiovascular disease adjusted to air temperature, relative humidity, and air pollutants. The final analysis was performed on 43,424 patients with cardiovascular disease using code I10-I99 including ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease adjusted to air temperature and relative humidity. Of all pollutants, CO with each increase 10 μg/m3 had a meaningful relationship with the incidence of cardiovascular hospitalization. By selecting the window of exposure, 1, 2, and 6 days before admission, lag 6 (6 days) was the best estimation for exposure time in the patients with cardiovascular patients (OR 1.0056, CI 1.0041-1.007), and in the patients with ischemic heart disease (OR 1.000055, CI 1.000036-1.000075) and in the patients with hypertension (OR 1.000076, CI 1.00002-1.000132). Regarding cerebrovascular disease, no statistically significant association was observed. The results showed that only CO was associated with an increased risk of admission in patients with cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and hypertension, and there was no clear evidence for pollution effects on cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leily Sokoty
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran of University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Rimaz
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Radiation Biology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran of University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Hassanlouei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran of University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Huang YT, Chen CC, Ho YN, Tsai MT, Tsai CM, Chuang PC, Cheng FJ. Short-Term Effects of Particulate Matter and Its Constituents on Emergency Room Visits for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study in an Urban Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094400. [PMID: 33919089 PMCID: PMC8122505 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: PM2.5 exposure is associated with pulmonary and airway inflammation, and the health impact might vary by PM2.5 constitutes. This study evaluated the effects of increased short-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related emergency department (ED) visits and determined the susceptible groups. Methods: This retrospective observational study performed in a medical center from 2007 to 2010, and enrolled non-trauma patients aged >20 years who visited the emergency department (ED) and were diagnosed as COPD. Concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and the four PM2.5 components, including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), nitrate (NO3−), and sulfate (SO42−), were collected by three PM supersites in Kaohsiung City. We used an alternative design of the Poisson time series regression models called a time-stratified and case-crossover design to analyze the data. Results: Per interquartile range (IQR) increment in PM2.5 level on lag 2 were associated with increments of 6.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5–13.0%) in risk of COPD exacerbation. An IQR increase in elemental carbon (EC) was significantly associated with an increment of 3.0% (95% CI, 0.1–5.9%) in risk of COPD exacerbation on lag 0. Meanwhile, an IQR increase in sulfate, nitrate, and OC levels was not significantly associated with COPD. Patients were more sensitive to the harmful effects of EC on COPD during the warm season (interaction p = 0.019). The risk of COPD exacerbation after exposure to PM2.5 was higher in individuals who are currently smoking, with malignancy, or during cold season, but the differences did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusion: PM2.5 and EC may play an important role in COPD events in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Patients were more susceptible to the adverse effects of EC on COPD on warm days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yii-Ting Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (C.-C.C.); (Y.-N.H.); (M.-T.T.); (P.-C.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (C.-C.C.); (Y.-N.H.); (M.-T.T.); (P.-C.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ni Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (C.-C.C.); (Y.-N.H.); (M.-T.T.); (P.-C.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Ta Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (C.-C.C.); (Y.-N.H.); (M.-T.T.); (P.-C.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Min Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (C.-C.C.); (Y.-N.H.); (M.-T.T.); (P.-C.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan; (Y.-T.H.); (C.-C.C.); (Y.-N.H.); (M.-T.T.); (P.-C.C.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Arias-Pérez RD, Taborda NA, Gómez DM, Narvaez JF, Porras J, Hernandez JC. Inflammatory effects of particulate matter air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42390-42404. [PMID: 32870429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is an important cause of non-communicable diseases globally with particulate matter (PM) as one of the main air pollutants. PM is composed of microscopic particles that contain a mixture of chemicals and biological elements that can be harmful to human health. The aerodynamic diameter of PM facilitates their deposition when inhaled. For instance, coarse PM having a diameter of < 10 μm is deposited mainly in the large conducting airways, but PM of < 2.5 μm can cross the alveolar-capillary barrier, traveling to other organs within the body. Epidemiological studies have shown the association between PM exposure and risk of disease, namely those of the respiratory system such as lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, cardiovascular and neurological diseases have also been reported, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, loss of cognitive function, anxiety, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Inflammation is a common hallmark in the pathogenesis of many of these diseases associated with exposure to a variety of air pollutants, including PM. This review focuses on the main effects of PM on human health, with an emphasis on the role of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D Arias-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana M Gómez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jhon Fredy Narvaez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Ingeniar, Facultad de Ingenierías, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jazmín Porras
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Qiu H, Wang L, Zhou L, Pan J. Coarse particles (PM 2.5-10) and cause-specific hospitalizations in southwestern China: Association, attributable risk and economic costs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:110004. [PMID: 32745536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The short-term morbidity effects of the coarse particle (diameter in 2.5-10 μm, PM2.5-10), as well as the corresponding morbidity burden and economic costs, remain understudied, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to examine the associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations in a multi-city setting in southwestern China and assess the attributable risk and economic costs. City-specific associations were firstly estimated using generalized additive models with quasi-poisson distribution to handle over-dispersion, and then combined to obtain the regional average association. City-specific and pooled concentration-response (C-R) associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations were also modeled. Subgroup analyses were performed by age, sex, season and region. The health and economic burden of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes due to PM2.5-10 were further evaluated. A total of 4,407,601 non-accidental hospitalizations were collected from 678 hospitals. The estimates of percentage change in hospitalizations per 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5-10 at lag01 was 0.68% (95%CI: 0.33%-1.03%) for non-accidental causes, 0.86% (95% CI: 0.36%-1.37%) for circulatory diseases, 1.52% (95% CI: 1.00%-2.05%) for respiratory diseases, 1.08% (95% CI: 0.47%-1.69%) for endocrine diseases, 0.66% (95% CI: 0.12%-1.21%) for nervous system diseases, and 0.84% (95% CI: 0.42%-1.25%) for genitourinary diseases, respectively. The C-R associations of PM2.5-10 with cause-specific hospitalizations suggested some evidence of nonlinearity, except for endocrine diseases. Meanwhile, the adverse effects were modified by age and season. Overall, about 0.70% (95% CI: 0.35%-1.06%) of non-accidental hospitalizations and 0.78% (95% CI: 0.38%-1.17%) of total hospitalization expenses could be attributed to PM2.5-10. The largest morbidity burden and economic costs were observed in respiratory diseases. Our findings indicate that PM2.5-10 exposure may increase the risk of hospitalizations for multiple outcomes, and account for considerable morbidity and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Cheng FJ, Wu KH, Hung SC, Lee KH, Lee CW, Liu KY, Hsu PC. Association between ambient air pollution and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: are there potentially susceptible groups? JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:641-649. [PMID: 31578416 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between air pollution and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and the effects of underlying diseases. Between January 2015 and December 2016, data on particulate matter (PM)2.5 and other air pollutants in Kaohsiung City were collected, and an emergency medical service database was used for information on patients who experienced OHCA. Overall, 3566 patients were analyzed and subgroup analyses by sex, age, and preexisting morbidities were performed. Interquartile increments in PM2.5, PM10, and O3 levels on lag 1 and NO2 level on lag 3 were associated with increments of 10.8%, 11.3%, 6.2%, and 1.7% in OHCA incidence, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with diabetes (1.363; interaction p = 0.009), heart disease (1.612; interaction p = 0.001), and advanced age (≥70 years, 1.297; interaction p = 0.003) were more susceptible to NO2 on lag 3. Moreover, patients were more susceptible to O3 during the cold season (1.194; interaction p = 0.001). We found that PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 may play an important role in OHCA events, and the effects vary by underlying condition, age and season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Han Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chiang Hung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ying Liu
- Fire Bureau, Kaohsiung City Government, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Shang J, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Tian J, Hua J, Han T, Fang D, An J. Associations between source-resolved PM 2.5 and airway inflammation at urban and rural locations in Beijing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105635. [PMID: 32413647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of research studies have explored the health effects of exposure to atmospheric particulate matter. However, limited quantitative evidence has linked specific sources of personal PM2.5 directly to adverse health effects. This study was conducted in order to examine the association between airway inflammation and personal exposure to PM2.5 mass, components, and sources among two healthy cohorts living in both urban and rural areas of Beijing, China. METHODS We conducted a follow-up study during the summer of 2016 and the winter of 2016/2017 among 92 students and 43 guards. 24-h personal and ambient exposure to PM2.5 and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured at least twice for each participant. Chemical components of 385 personal PM2.5 exposure samples were analyzed, and pollution sources were resolved by a positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model. We have constructed linear mixed effect models to evaluate the association between ambient/personal PM2.5 mass, chemical constituents, and source specific PM2.5 with FeNO after controlling for temperature, relative humidity, sites, season, and potential individual confounders. RESULTS Interquartile range (IQR) increase in household heating sources was associated with increased FeNO (2.72%; 95% CI = 1.26-4.17%) across two sites. IQR increase in roadway transport was associated with increased FeNO (9.84%; 95% CI = 2.69-17%) in urban areas; IQR increase in Secondary inorganic sources and Industrial/Combustion sources were associated with increased FeNO (7.96%; 95% CI = 1.47-14.4%% and 7.85%; 95% CI = 0.0676-15.6%, respectively) in rural areas. Personal exposure to EC, OC, and some trace elements (Se, Pb, Bi, Cs) were also estimated to be significantly associated with the increase of FeNO. In addition, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the effects of ambient and personal PM2.5 mass. CONCLUSIONS Although personal PM2.5 mass was not significantly associated with the health effects, airway inflammation can be linked to source-resolved exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; Institute of Bishan Eco-Environment, Bishan, Chongqing, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jingyu Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China; Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Dongqing Fang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteoological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiong An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
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Urban Particles Elevated Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilms, Colonization of the Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells, Mouse Nasopharynx and Transit to the Middle Ear and Lungs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5969. [PMID: 32249803 PMCID: PMC7136263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Air-pollutants containing toxic particulate matters (PM) deposit in the respiratory tract and increases microbial infections. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood. This study evaluated the effect of urban particles (UP) on Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) in vitro biofilm formation, colonization of human middle ear epithelium cells (HMEECs) as well as mouse nasal cavity and its transition to the middle ear and lungs. The in vitro biofilms and planktonic growth of S. pneumoniae were evaluated in metal ion free medium in the presence of UP. Biofilms were quantified by crystal violet (CV) microplate assay, colony forming unit (cfu) counts and resazurin staining. Biofilm structures were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscopy (CM). Gene expressions of biofilms were evaluated using real time RT-PCR. Effects of UP exposure on S. pneumoniae colonization to HMEECs were evaluated using fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), cell viability was detected using the Ezcyto kit, apoptosis in HMEECs were evaluated using Annexin-V/PI based cytometry analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated using the Oxiselect kit. Alteration of HMEECs gene expressions on UP exposure or pneumococci colonization was evaluated using microarray. In vivo colonization of pneumococci in the presence of UP and transition to middle ear and lungs were evaluated using an intranasal mice colonization model. The UP exposure significantly increased (*p < 0.05) pneumococcal in vitro biofilms and planktonic growth. In the presence of UP, pneumococci formed organized biofilms with a matrix, while in absence of UP bacteria were unable to form biofilms. The luxS, ply, lytA, comA, comB and ciaR genes involved in bacterial pathogenesis, biofilm formation and quorum sensing were up-regulated in pneumococci biofilms grown in the presence of UP. The HMEECs viability was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and bacteria colonization was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in co-treatment (UP + S. pneumoniae) when compared to single treatment. Similarly, increased apoptosis and ROS production were detected in HMEECs treated with UP + pneumococci. The microarray analysis of HMEECs revealed that the genes involve in apoptosis and cell death, inflammation, and immune response, were up-regulated in co-treatment and were unchanged or expressed in less fold in single treatments of UP or S. pneumoniae. The in vivo study showed an increased pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx in the presence of UP and a higher transition of bacteria to the middle ear and lungs in the presence of UP. The UP exposure elevated S. pneumoniae in vitro biofilm and colonization of HMEECs, and in vivo mouse nasopharyngeal colonization, and increased dissemination to mouse middle ear and lungs.
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Raji H, Riahi A, Borsi SH, Masoumi K, Khanjani N, AhmadiAngali K, Goudarzi G, Dastoorpoor M. Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Hospital Admissions for Asthma, COPD, and Bronchiectasis in Ahvaz, Iran. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:501-514. [PMID: 32184587 PMCID: PMC7061718 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s231317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Although air pollution is a serious problem in Ahvaz, the association between air pollution and respiratory diseases has not been studied enough in this area. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between short-term exposure to air pollutants and the risk of hospital admissions due to asthma, COPD, and bronchiectasis in Ahvaz. Methods Hospital admissions data and air pollutants including O3, NO, NO2, SO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 were obtained from 2008 to 2018. Adjusted Quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed lag model, controlled for trend, seasonality, weather, weekdays, and holidays was used for data analysis. Results The results showed a significant increase in hospital admissions for asthma (RR=1.004, 95% CI: 1.002-1.007) and COPD (RR=1.003, 95% CI: 1.001-1.005) associated with PM2.5. PM10 was associated with increased hospital admissions due to bronchiectasis in both genders (Men: RR=1.003, 95% CI: 1.001-1.006) (Female: RR=1.003, 95% CI: 1.000-1.006). NO2 was also associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for asthma (RR=1.040, 95% CI: 1.008-1.074) and COPD (RR=1.049, 95% CI: 1.010-1.090). SO2 was associated with the risk of hospital admissions of asthma (RR=1.069, 95% CI: 1.017-1.124) and bronchiectasis (RR=1.030, 95% CI: 1.005-1.056). Finally, CO was associated with COPD (RR=1.643, 95% CI: 1.233-2.191) and bronchiectasis (RR=1.542, 95% CI: 1.035-2.298) hospital admissions. Conclusion Short-term exposure to air pollutants significantly increases the risk of hospital admissions for asthma, COPD, and bronchiectasis in the adult and elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Raji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Riahi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Borsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Masoumi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kambiz AhmadiAngali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Luong LTM, Dang TN, Thanh Huong NT, Phung D, Tran LK, Van Dung D, Thai PK. Particulate air pollution in Ho Chi Minh city and risk of hospital admission for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among young children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113424. [PMID: 31672367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High levels of air pollutants in Vietnam, especially particulate matters including PM2.5, can be important risk factors for respiratory diseases among children of the country. However, few studies on the effects of ambient air pollution on human health have been conducted in Vietnam so far. The aim of this study is to examine the association between PM2.5 and hospital admission due to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among children aged < 5 years old in Ho Chi Minh city, the largest city of Vietnam. Data relating PM2.5 and hospital admission were collected from February 2016-December 2017 and a time series regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between PM2.5 and hospital admission including the delayed effect up to three days prior to the admission. We found that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 3.51 (95%CI: 0.96-6.12) risk of ALRI admission among children. According to the analysis, male children are more sensitive to exposure to PM2.5 than females, while children exposed to PM2.5 are more likely to be infected with acute bronchiolitis than with pneumonia. The study demonstrated that young children in HCMC are at increased risk of ALRI admissions due to the high level of PM2.5 concentration in the city's ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi Mai Luong
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Ngoc Dang
- The Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang City, Viet Nam; Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Dung Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Long K Tran
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Do Van Dung
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Phong K Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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Monthly-Term Associations Between Air Pollutants and Respiratory Morbidity in South Brazil 2013-2016: A Multi-City, Time-Series Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203787. [PMID: 31600878 PMCID: PMC6843508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most air pollution research conducted in Brazil has focused on assessing the daily-term effects of pollutants, but little is known about the health effects of air pollutants at an intermediate time term. The objective of this study was to determine the monthly-term association between air pollution and respiratory morbidity in five cities in South Brazil. An ecological time-series study was performed using the municipality as the unit of observation in five cities in South Brazil (Gravataí, Triunfo, Esteio, Canoas, and Charqueadas) between 2013 and 2016. Data for hospital admissions was obtained from the records of the Hospital Information Service. Air pollution data, including PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3 (µg/m3) were obtained from the environmental government agency in Rio Grande do Sul State. Panel multivariable Poisson regression models were adjusted for monthly counts of respiratory hospitalizations. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in the monthly average concentration of PM10 was associated with an increase of respiratory hospitalizations in all age groups, with the maximum effect on the population aged between 16 and 59 years (IRR: Incidence rate ratio 2.04 (95% CI: Confidence interval = 1.97–2.12)). For NO2 and SO2, stronger intermediate-term effects were found in children aged between 6 and 15 years, while for O3 higher effects were found in children under 1 year. This is the first multi-city study conducted in South Brazil to account for intermediate-term effects of air pollutants on respiratory health.
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Qu F, Liu F, Zhang H, Chao L, Guan J, Li R, Yu F, Yan X. Comparison of air pollutant-related hospitalization burden from AECOPD in Shijiazhuang, China, between heating and non-heating season. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31225-31233. [PMID: 31463744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few researches have been investigated on the effects of ambient air pollutants from coal combustion on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) hospitalizations. The whole time series was split into heating season and non-heating season. We used a quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model combined with distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) to estimate the relative cumulative risk and calculate the air pollutant hospitalization burden of AECOPD for lag 0-7 days in heating season and non-heating season. There were higher PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO concentrations in heating seasons than non-heating season in Shijiazhuang; however, O3 was higher in non-heating season than heating season. The AECOPD-associated relative cumulative risks for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 for lag 0-7 days were significantly positively associated with hospitalization in heating and non-heating season; we found that the cumulative relative risk of NO2 was the greatest in every 1 unit of air pollutants during the heating season and the cumulative relative risk of SO2 was the greatest during the non-heating season. The results showed that 17.8%, 12.9%, 1.7%, 16.7%, and 10.5% of AECOPD hospitalizations could be attributable to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO exposure in heating season, respectively. However, the results showed that 19.5%, 22.4%, 15%, 8.3%, and 10.4% of AECOPD hospitalizations could be attributable to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3 exposure in non-heating season, respectively. The attributable burden of AECOPD hospitalization in heating season and non-heating season are different. PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO are the main factors of heating season, while PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and O3 are the main factors of non-heating season. In conclusions, the centralized heating can change the influence of attributable risk. When government departments formulate interventions to reduce the risk of acute hospitalization of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the influence of heating on disease burden should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- HeBei institute of Respiratory Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- HeBei institute of Respiratory Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiran Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- HeBei institute of Respiratory Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingshan Chao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- HeBei institute of Respiratory Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jitao Guan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- HeBei institute of Respiratory Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rongqin Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fengxue Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xixin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
- HeBei institute of Respiratory Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Wang Y, Shi Z, Shen F, Sun J, Huang L, Zhang H, Chen C, Li T, Hu J. Associations of daily mortality with short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and its constituents in Shanghai, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:879-887. [PMID: 31340414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has adverse impacts on human health. However, limited studies have investigated the effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents on mortality in China. This study used the generalized linear model (GLM) to investigate the effects of PM2.5 and its constituents, including organic carbon (OC), element carbon (EC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), on different causes of mortality in Shanghai from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. The single-day lagged model and the moving average lagged model were used to examine the lagging effects of pollutants on mortality. At lag0 day, PM2.5 had a significant effect on all-cause mortality, and a 10 μg/m3 increase leads to 0.68% increase in all-cause mortality (RR 1.0068, 95%CI 1.0013-1.0123). Among the five constituents, EC had the greatest impact on all-cause mortality in Shanghai, with 10.48% increase of mortality (RR 1.1048, 95%CI 1.0266-1.1891) per 10 μg/m3 increase of concentrations, followed by OC (RR 1.0577, 95%CI 1.0277-1.0886), NH4+ (RR 1.0272, 95%CI 1.0028-1.0522) and SO42- (RR 1.0104, 95%CI 1.0003-1.0206). For respiratory diseases mortality, EC, OC, NO3- and NH4+ had significant impacts and caused an increase of mortality by 44.99% (RR 1.4499, 95%CI 1.1813-1.7794), 10.40% (RR 1.1040, 95%CI 1.0260-1.1880), 5.338% (RR 1.0533, 95%CI 1.0097-1.0989) and 7.34% (RR 1.0734, 95%CI 1.0015-1.1505) per 10 μg/m3 increase of concentrations, respectively. The cumulative effect of PM2.5 on mortality was significant in Shanghai. Except for SO42-, the RR value of the single-day lagged model was smaller than the moving average lagged model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Fuzhen Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jinjin Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Cheng CY, Cheng SY, Chen CC, Pan HY, Wu KH, Cheng FJ. Ambient air pollution is associated with pediatric pneumonia: a time-stratified case-crossover study in an urban area. Environ Health 2019; 18:77. [PMID: 31462279 PMCID: PMC6714311 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia, the leading reason underlying childhood deaths, may be triggered or exacerbated by air pollution. To date, only a few studies have examined the association of air pollution with emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric pneumonia, with inconsistent results. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the impact of short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and other air pollutants on the incidence of ED visits for pediatric pneumonia. METHODS PM2.5, PM10, and other air pollutant levels were measured at 11 air quality-monitoring stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, between 2008 and 2014. Further, we extracted the medical records of non-trauma patients aged ≤17 years and who had visited an ED with the principal diagnosis of pneumonia. A time-stratified case-crossover study design was employed to determine the hazard effect of air pollution in a total of 4024 patients. RESULTS The single-pollutant model suggested that per interquartile range increment in PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on 3 days before the event increased the odds of pediatric pneumonia by 14.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.1-23.8%], 10.9% (95% CI, 2.4-20.0%), 14.1% (95% CI, 5.0-24.1%), and 4.5% (95% CI, 0.8-8.4%), respectively. In two-pollutant models, PM2.5 and NO2 were significant after adjusting for PM10 and SO2. Subgroup analyses showed that older children (aged ≥4 years) were more susceptible to PM2.5 (interaction p = 0.024) and children were more susceptible to NO2 during warm days (≥26.5 °C, interaction p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 possibly plays an important role in pediatric pneumonia in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Older children are more susceptible to PM2.5, and all children are more susceptible to NO2 during warm days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yung Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Township, Kaohsiung, County, 833, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Cheng
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yunlin Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 1500, Gongye Rd, Mailiao Township, Yunlin County, 638, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Township, Kaohsiung, County, 833, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yung Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Township, Kaohsiung, County, 833, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Han Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Township, Kaohsiung, County, 833, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Township, Kaohsiung, County, 833, Taiwan.
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
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Study on the Mechanism of Curcumin Regulating Lung Injury Induced by Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5). Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8613523. [PMID: 31530996 PMCID: PMC6721509 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8613523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to PM induces oxidative stress, leading to a variety of health problems. In particular, PM2.5 contains a lot of substances harmful to the human body and penetrates into the lungs to induce lung injury. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress also affects the severity of lung injury. However, there is still no good way to reduce or eliminate these hazards. In the future, more experimental research is needed to further confirm the mechanisms of these hazards and formulate effective preventive measures and treatment plans for their hazard mechanisms. Curcumin has been reported to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory damage and protect organs. Objective To investigate whether curcumin can play a protective role against PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory damage by inducing expression of the HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK pathway. Methods In this experiment, PM2.5 was dropped into the trachea to establish a lung injury model in mice. 28 SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, saline control group, PM2.5 treatment group, and curcumin intervention group. Albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to assess lung tissue damage. Colorimetric detection of oxidative stress indicators such as MDA, GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT in the lung tissue was performed. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue were determined by ELISA. Histopathological examination was used for the assessment of alveolar epithelial damage. The protein expression of the HO-1/P38 MAPK pathway in the lung tissue was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Endogenous CO was detected by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the expression of the HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK protein in the lung tissue was significantly increased in the curcumin intervention group compared with the PM2.5 treatment group, and it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the PM2.5 treatment group, the curcumin intervention group can reduce the amount of ALB, LDH, and ALP in BALF; reduce the levels of MDA, IL-1, and TNF-α in the lung tissue; and improve GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT levels, but there is no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion We found that PM2.5 can cause lung damage through oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses increase the expression of HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK. The intervention of curcumin can further increase the expression of HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK.
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Zhang S, Huo X, Zhang Y, Lu X, Xu C, Xu X. The association of PM 2.5 with airway innate antimicrobial activities of salivary agglutinin and surfactant protein D. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:915-923. [PMID: 31509921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a prominent global public health risk factor that can cause respiratory infection by downregulating the amounts of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs). Both salivary agglutinin (SAG) and surfactant protein D (SPD) are important AMPs in respiratory mucosal fluid, providing protection against airway pathogen invasion and infection by inducing microbial aggregation and enhancing pathogen clearance. However, the relationship between PM2.5 and these AMPs is unclear. To better understand the relationship between PM2.5 and airway innate immune defenses, we review the respiratory antimicrobial activities of SAG and SPD, as well as the adverse effects of PM2.5 on airway innate antimicrobial defense. We speculate there exists a dual effect between PM2.5 and respiratory antimicrobial activity, which means that PM2.5 suppresses respiratory antimicrobial activity through downregulating airway AMPs, while airway AMPs accelerate PM2.5 clearance by inducing PM2.5 microbial aggregation. We propose further research on the relationship between PM2.5 and these AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Lu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Pothirat C, Chaiwong W, Liwsrisakun C, Bumroongkit C, Deesomchok A, Theerakittikul T, Limsukon A, Tajarernmuang P, Phetsuk N. Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:3070-3083. [PMID: 31463136 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.07.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Chiang Dao is one of the districts in Chiang Mai, Thailand facing high level of seasonal air pollution every year, the exposure of community dwellers to outdoor air pollutants 24 hours a day during seasonal smog period because of their open-air housing style, and agricultural occupational hazard. In addition, Chiang Dao hospital is the only available hospital serving the community with open-air wards; therefore we could certainly to identify the association between air pollution and mortality of hospitalized patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the association between daily average seasonal air pollutants and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as emergency and hospitalization visits for serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods This time series study was conducted between 1 March 2016 and 31 March 2017. The association of various air pollutant concentrations including particulate matter diameter less than 10 and 2.5 microns (PM10 and PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as relationship with frequencies of serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases were analyzed using a general linear model with Poisson distribution. Results Only PM2.5 was found to be associated with increased daily mortality of hospitalized patients (lag day 6, adjusted RR =1.153, 95% CI: 1.001-1.329), whereas PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 were associated with increased daily non-accidental mortality of community dwellers (lag day 0-7, adjusted RR =1.006-1.040, 95% CI: 1.000-1.074). For acute serious respiratory events; PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), while SO2, CO, and O3 were associated with emergency visits for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). O3 was associated with emergency visits for heart failure (HF), NO2 with emergency visits for myocardial infarction (MI), and SO2 with hospitalized visits for cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Conclusions Seasonal air pollutants were found to be associated with higher mortality among hospitalized patients and community dwellers with varying effects on severe acute respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaicharn Pothirat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warawut Chaiwong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chalerm Liwsrisakun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Bumroongkit
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Athavudh Deesomchok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Theerakorn Theerakittikul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Atikun Limsukon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Tajarernmuang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Phetsuk
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Wang K, Hao Y, Au W, Christiani DC, Xia ZL. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Short-Term Particulate Matter Exposure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalizations in China. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:e112-e124. [PMID: 30640845 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis of short-term particulate matter (PM) exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalizations in China, including data from two-pollutant model. METHODS From PubMed and Web of Science, we selected case-crossover or time-series studies conducted in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, or Taiwan to investigate the association between PM exposure and COPD hospitalizations. The meta-analysis was performed using data from both single-pollutant and two-pollutant models for PM2.5 and PM10. RESULTS A total of 16 studies were included in our analysis. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 were both significantly associated with COPD hospitalizations. The results remained robust in two-pollutant model, whereas subgroup analyses demonstrated a modest heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Our review shows a small but obvious exposure-hospitalization effect in China. More studies are needed to generate the needed evidence, and advocacy is needed to stimulate initiation of solutions to the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Mr Wang, Dr Hao, and Dr Xia); Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China (Dr Au); University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tirgu Mures, Romania (Dr Au); Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Dr Christiani)
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Phosri A, Ueda K, Phung VLH, Tawatsupa B, Honda A, Takano H. Effects of ambient air pollution on daily hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Bangkok, Thailand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1144-1153. [PMID: 30360246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although health effects of air pollutants are well documented in many countries especially in North America and Western Europe, few studies have been conducted in Thailand where pollution mix, weather conditions, and demographic characteristics are different. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ambient air pollution on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Bangkok, Thailand. METHODS We obtained daily air pollution concentration (O3, NO2, SO2, PM10, and CO) and weather variable monitored in Bangkok from January 2006 to December 2014. Daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were obtained from the National Health Security Office during the study period. A time-series analysis with generalized linear model was used to examine the effects of air pollution on hospital admissions by controlling for long-term trend and other potential confounders. The effect modification by age (0-14 years, 15-64 years, ≥65 years) and gender was also examined. RESULTS An increase of 10 μg/m3 in O3, NO2, SO2, PM10, and 1 mg/m3 in CO at lag 0-1 day was associated with a 0.14% (95% CI: -0.34 to 0.63), 1.28% (0.87 to 1.69), 8.42% (6.16 to 10.74), 1.04% (0.68 to 1.41) and 6.69% (4.33 to 9.11) increase in cardiovascular admission, respectively; and 0.69% (95% CI: 0.18 to 1.21), 1.42% (0.98 to 1.85), 4.49% (2.22 to 6.80), 1.18% (0.79 to 1.57) and 7.69% (5.20 to 10.23) increase in respiratory admission, respectively. The elderly (≥65 years) seemed to be the most susceptible group to the effect of air pollution, whereas the effect estimate for male and female was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study contributed the evidence to support the effects of air pollution (O3, NO2, SO2, PM10, and CO) on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which might be useful for public health intervention in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthit Phosri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Benjawan Tawatsupa
- Health Impact Assessment Division, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Akiko Honda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ab Manan N, Noor Aizuddin A, Hod R. Effect of Air Pollution and Hospital Admission: A Systematic Review. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:670-678. [PMID: 30779516 DOI: 10.9204/aogh.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMany epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between air pollution levels and human health in terms of hospital admissions. The aim of this paper is to gather evidence concerning air pollution effects on the risk of hospital admission. We hypothesised that increase in: particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels would be associated with the increasing trend of hospital admission.MethodsA systematic review of literature was carried out. Literature search was done in Sage, Ovid Medline, Science Direct, Wiley and ProQuest from 2010 to 2016 using keywords "hospital admission and air pollution". Studies of any relevant design were included if they presented original data, included at least one analysis where hospital admission was the specific outcome, and one or more of the following exposures were investigated: PM, O3, CO, NO2 and SO2.ResultsA total of 175 potential studies were identified by the search. Twenty two studies qualified for the review. Air pollution was noted to have an excessive risk of 3.46 (95%CI, 1.67, 5.27) of total hospital admissions. Cardiovascular admission was noted to have an increased risk of hospitalization for PM2.5 of 1.5 to 2.0; PM10 (1.007 to 2.7); NO2 (1.04 to 1.17) and SO2 (1.007). For respiratory admission, PM2.5 can caused an increased risk of hospitalization by 1.1 to 1.8; PM10 (1.007 to 1.13); NO2 (1.08 to 1.94) and SO2 (1.02). While O3 have minimal effect on COPD and stroke, CO does not influence in the effect of these hospitalization.ConclusionThe exposure to air pollutants confers an increased risk of admission of several disease. Our findings call for greater awareness of environmental protection and the implementation of effective measures to improve the quality of air, which may reduce the risks of adverse effects on the population's health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, National University of Malaysia, MY
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Ab Manan N, Noor Aizuddin A, Hod R. Effect of Air Pollution and Hospital Admission: A Systematic Review. Ann Glob Health 2018. [PMID: 30779516 PMCID: PMC6748301 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between air pollution levels and human health in terms of hospital admissions. The aim of this paper is to gather evidence concerning air pollution effects on the risk of hospital admission. We hypothesised that increase in: particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels would be associated with the increasing trend of hospital admission. Methods: A systematic review of literature was carried out. Literature search was done in Sage, Ovid Medline, Science Direct, Wiley, and ProQuest from 2010 to 2016 using keywords “hospital admission and air pollution”. Studies of any relevant design were included if they presented original data, included at least one analysis where hospital admission was the specific outcome, and one or more of the following exposures were investigated: PM, O3, CO, NO2 and SO2. Results: A total of 175 potential studies were identified by the search. Twenty-two studies qualified for the review. Air pollution was noted to have an excessive risk of 3.46 (95% CI, 1.67, 5.27) of total hospital admissions. Cardiovascular admission was noted to have an increased risk of hospitalization for PM2.5 of 1.5 to 2.0; PM10 (1.007 to 2.7); NO2 (1.04 to 1.17) and SO2 (1.007). For respiratory admission, PM2.5 can caused an increased risk of hospitalization by 1.1 to 1.8; PM10 (1.007 to 1.13); NO2 (1.08 to 1.94) and SO2 (1.02). While O3 have minimal effect on COPD and stroke, CO does not influence in the effect of these hospitalization. Conclusion: The exposure to air pollutants confers an increased risk of admission of several disease. Our findings call for greater awareness of environmental protection and the implementation of effective measures to improve the quality of air, which may reduce the risks of adverse effects on the population’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, National University of Malaysia, MY
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Miller RF, Huang L, Walzer PD. The Relationship between Pneumocystis Infection in Animal and Human Hosts, and Climatological and Environmental Air Pollution Factors: A Systematic Review. OBM GENETICS 2018; 2:10.21926/obm.genet.1804045. [PMID: 30815637 PMCID: PMC6388696 DOI: 10.21926/obm.genet.1804045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, there has been rising interest in the interaction of Pneumocystis with the environment. This interest has arisen in part from the demonstration that environmental factors have important effects on the viability and transmission of microbes, including Pneumocystis. Environmental factors include climatological factors such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation, and air pollution factors including carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. METHODS We undertook a systematic review in order to identify environmental factors associated with Pneumocystis infection or PCP, and their effects on human and animal hosts. RESULTS The systematic review found evidence of associations between Pneumocystis infection in animal and human hosts, and climatological and air pollution factors. Data from human studies infers that rather than a seasonal association, presentation with PCP appears to be highest when the average temperature is between 10 and 20°C. There was evidence of an association with hospitalization with PCP and ambient air pollution factors, as well as evidence of an effect of air pollution on both systemic and bronchoscopic lavage fluid humoral responses to Pneumocystis. Interpretation of human studies was confounded by possible genetically-determined predisposition to, or protection from infection. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides evidence of associations between Pneumocystis infection in both animal and human hosts, and climatological and environmental air pollution factors. This information may lead to an improved understanding of the conditions involved in transmission of Pneumocystis in both animal and human hosts. Such knowledge is critical to efforts aimed at prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Miller
- Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Bloomsbury Clinic, Mortimer Market Centre, Central & North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1E 6JB, UK
- HIV Services, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Laurence Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA;
- HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine Division, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Peter D. Walzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
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Kuo CY, Pan RH, Chan CK, Wu CY, Phan DV, Chan CL. Application of a Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Design to Explore the Effects of Air Pollution and Season on Childhood Asthma Hospitalization in Cities of Differing Urban Patterns: Big Data Analytics of Government Open Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040647. [PMID: 29614737 PMCID: PMC5923689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the lagged effects of levels of different urban city air pollutants and seasons on asthma hospitalization in children. This study used big data analysis to explore the effects of daily changes in air pollution and season on childhood asthma hospitalization from 2001 to 2010 in Taipei and Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A time-stratified case-crossover study and conditional logistic regression analysis were employed to identify associations between the risk of hospitalization due to asthma in children and the levels of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O₃, SO₂, and NO₂) in the days preceding hospitalization. During the study period, 2900 children in Taipei and 1337 in Kaohsiung aged ≤15 years were hospitalized due to asthma for the first time. The results indicated that the levels of air pollutants were significantly associated with the risk of asthma hospitalization in children, and seasonal effects were observed. High levels of air pollution in Kaohsiung had greater effects than in Taipei after adjusting for seasonal variation. The most important factor was O₃ in spring in Taipei. In children aged 0-6 years, asthma was associated with O₃ in Taipei and SO₂ in Kaohsiung, after controlling for the daily mean temperature and relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yen Kuo
- Institute of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Jung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Administration, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1492 Zhongshan Road, Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.
| | - Ren-Hao Pan
- Institute of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Jung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Kan Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1492 Zhongshan Road, Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Yi Wu
- Institute of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Jung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
| | - Dinh-Van Phan
- Institute of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Jung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
- Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Jung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
- University of Economics, The University of Danang, , 71 Ngu Hanh Son Street, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Chien-Lung Chan
- Institute of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Jung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
- Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Jung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
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Keet CA, Keller JP, Peng RD. Long-Term Coarse Particulate Matter Exposure Is Associated with Asthma among Children in Medicaid. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:737-746. [PMID: 29243937 PMCID: PMC5855070 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201706-1267oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Short- and long-term fine particulate matter (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]) pollution is associated with asthma development and morbidity, but there are few data on the effects of long-term exposure to coarse PM (PM10-2.5) on respiratory health. OBJECTIVES To understand the relationship between long-term fine and coarse PM exposure and asthma prevalence and morbidity among children. METHODS A semiparametric regression model that incorporated PM2.5 and PM10 monitor data and geographic characteristics was developed to predict 2-year average PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 exposure during the period 2009 to 2010 at the zip-code tabulation area level. Data from 7,810,025 children aged 5 to 20 years enrolled in Medicaid from 2009 to 2010 were used in a log-linear regression model with predicted PM levels to estimate the association between PM exposure and asthma prevalence and morbidity, adjusting for race/ethnicity, sex, age, area-level urbanicity, poverty, education, and unmeasured spatial confounding. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Exposure to coarse PM was associated with increased asthma diagnosis prevalence (rate ratio [RR] for 1-μg/m3 increase in coarse PM level, 1.006; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.011), hospitalizations (RR, 1.023; 95% CI, 1.003-1.042), and emergency department visits (RR, 1.017; 95% CI, 1.001-1.033) when adjusting for fine PM. Fine PM exposure was more strongly associated with increased asthma prevalence and morbidity than coarse PM. The estimates remained elevated across different levels of spatial confounding adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Among children enrolled in Medicaid, exposure to higher average coarse PM levels is associated with increased asthma prevalence and morbidity. These results suggest the need for direct monitoring of coarse PM and reconsideration of limits on long-term average coarse PM pollution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A. Keet
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Joshua P. Keller
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roger D. Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Barta T, Tosaki A, Haines D, Balla G, Lekli I, Tosaki A. Endothelin-1-induced hypertrophic alterations and heme oxygenase-1 expression in cardiomyoblasts are counteracted by beta estradiol: in vitro and in vivo studies. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:371-383. [PMID: 29354880 PMCID: PMC5851684 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor normally active in maintaining vascular tone, may mediate significant pathogenic effects, contributing to several serious diseases when aberrantly expressed or regulated. The present study evaluates the capacity of ET-1 to affect endothelin-1-associated hypertrophic activity and decreased expression of heme oxygenase-1 by H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts in vitro, corresponding to in vivo processes underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Beta estradiol (β-E) is tested for its capacity to alter the effects of ET-1. H9c2 cells, cultured 48 h, were stimulated with 100-10,000 nM of ET-1 and evaluated for changes in cell size, cell viability, and expression of the cytoprotective heat shock protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with 200 nM of β-E included in selected cultures to evaluate its effect on ET-1-mediated changes. The application of 100 to 10,000 nM of ET-1 resulted in a significant increase in average cell size and decreases in both cell viability and HO-1 protein content (p < 0.05). Moreover, 200 nM of β-E was observed to significantly counteract these effects by cardiomyoblasts stimulated with 1000 nM of ET-1 (p < 0.05). Sprague-Dawley rats treated intravenously with 1000 ng/kg of ET-1 demonstrated reduced HO-1 expression in peripheral blood and left ventricular tissue, which was counteracted by injection of 200 ng/kg β-E-demonstrating a possible correspondence between in vitro and in vivo effects. An outcome of particular value for clinical use of β-E, in the management of cardiac hypertrophy, is the observed capacity of the drug to abate ET-1-mediated suppression of HO-1 expression. It has been previously demonstrated that HO-1 inducers exhibit potent cardioprotective properties, thus offering the promise of combining them with β-E, allowing lower effective dosage of the drug and concomitantly lower adverse side effects associated with its clinical use. Major findings of this investigation are that pretreatment of cardiomyoblasts with β-E inhibited their hypertrophic response to ET-1 and counteracts the decrease of cell viability. These effects were associated with a restoration of HO-1 protein expression in both under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Barta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt., 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Agnes Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt., 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - David Haines
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt., 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Balla
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Lekli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt., 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Arpad Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt., 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Chen X, Liu J, Zhou J, Wang J, Chen C, Song Y, Pan J. Urban particulate matter (PM) suppresses airway antibacterial defence. Respir Res 2018; 19:5. [PMID: 29310642 PMCID: PMC5759166 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown that urban particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of respiratory infection. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. PM has been postulated to suppress the activation of airway epithelial innate defence in response to infection. Methods The effects of PM on antibacterial defence were studied using an in vitro infection model. The levels of antimicrobial peptides were measured using RT-PCR and ELISA. In addition to performing colony-forming unit counts and flow cytometry, confocal microscopy was performed to directly observe bacterial invasion upon PM exposure. Results We found that PM PM increased bacterial invasion by impairing the induction of β-defensin-2 (hBD-2), but not the other antimicrobial peptides (APMs) secreted by airway epithelium. PM further increases bacteria-induced ROS production, which is accompanied by an accelerated cell senescence and a decrease in bacteria-induced hBD-2 production, and the antioxidant NAC treatment attenuates these effects. The PM exposure further upregulated the expression of IL-8 but downregulated the expression of IL-13 upon infection. Conclusions PM promotes bacterial invasion of airway epithelial cells by attenuating the induction of hBD-2 via an oxidative burst. These findings associate PM with an increased susceptibility to infection. These findings provide insight into the underlying mechanisms regarding the pathogenesis of particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jue Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Hwang SL, Lin YC, Lin CM, Hsiao KY. Effects of fine particulate matter and its constituents on emergency room visits for asthma in southern Taiwan during 2008-2010: a population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15012-15021. [PMID: 28488152 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This population-based study evaluated the short-term association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and its constituents and hospital emergency room visits (ERVs) for asthma in southern Taiwan during the period 2008-2010. Data on hospital ERVs for asthma and ambient PM2.5 levels and its constituents were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research database and the Environmental Protection Administration, respectively. The quasi-Poisson generalized additive model was used to explore the associations between PM2.5 and hospital ERVs for asthma. During the study period, the average daily number of ERVs for asthma and mean 24-h average level of PM2.5 was 20.0 and 39.4 μg m-3, respectively. The estimated effects of PM2.5 on asthma ERVs fluctuated with increasing tendencies after adjusting for O3 and attenuating tendencies after adjusting for NO2, SO2, and CO. Children were more susceptible than other age groups to the effects of PM2.5 exposure on asthma ERVs, with the relative risks (RRs) for every 10 μg m-3 increase in PM2.5 being 1.016 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.002-1.030] and 1.018 (95% CI = 1.002-1.034), respectively, at a lag 0 day (i.e., no lag days) and lag 0-1 days. The effect of PM2.5 concentrations on asthma ERVs was similar in male and female. Furthermore, asthma ERVs was significantly associated with concentrations of nitrate (NO3-), with the RR for each 1 μg m-3 increase in NO3- concentrations being 1.004 (95% CI = 1.001-1.007) at lag 0 day. In conclusion, both PM2.5 concentrations and its chemical constituents are associated with ERVs for asthma; moreover, children were more susceptible to the effects of PM2.5 in southern Taiwan. PM2.5 constituent, nitrate, is more closely related to ERVs for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lun Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Taiwan No. 2, W., Jiapu Rd., Puzi City, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan (Republic of China).
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Taiwan No. 2, W., Jiapu Rd., Puzi City, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan (Republic of China)
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi County, 613, Taiwan
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40
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Hwang SL, Lin YC, Guo SE, Chou CT, Lin CM, Chi MC. Fine particulate matter on hospital admissions for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in southwestern Taiwan during 2006-2012. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:95-105. [PMID: 28076967 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2017.1278748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of PM2.5 on hospital admissions (HAs) for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in southwestern Taiwan. Data on HAs for AECOPD, pollutants, and meteorological variables were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database and Environmental Protection Administration. The relative risks (RRs) of HAs for AECOPD was estimated using the Quasi-Poisson generalized additive model. A total of 38,715 HAs for AECOPD were recorded. The average daily HAs for AECOPD and mean 24-h average level of PM2.5 were 15.2 and 38.8 µg/m3, respectively. For both single and multiple pollutant (adjusted for O3 and NO2) models, increased AECOPD admissions were significantly associated with PM2.5 during cold season, with the RRs for every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 being 1.02 (95% CI = 1.007-1.040) at lag 0-1 in single-pollutant, and 1.02 (95 % CI = 1.001-1.042) at lag 0 day in multiple pollutant model. People 65 years of age and older had higher risk of HAs for AECOPD after PM2.5 exposure. The RRs of PM2.5 on HAs for AECOPD were robust after adjusting for O3 and NO2. Findings reveal an association between PM2.5 and HAs for AECOPD in southwestern Taiwan, particularly during cold season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lun Hwang
- a Department of Nursing , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
- b Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
- c Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- c Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
- d Department of Respiratory Care , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
- e Department of Respiratory Therapy , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Er Guo
- a Department of Nursing , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
- b Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- a Department of Nursing , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
- b Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- a Department of Nursing , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
- d Department of Respiratory Care , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
- f Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- b Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
- d Department of Respiratory Care , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Puzi City , Taiwan, ROC
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Luong LMT, Phung D, Sly PD, Morawska L, Thai PK. The association between particulate air pollution and respiratory admissions among young children in Hanoi, Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:249-255. [PMID: 27507084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While the effects of ambient air pollution on health have been studied extensively in many developed countries, few studies have been conducted in Vietnam, where the population is exposed to high levels of airborne particulate matter. The aim of our study was to examine the short-term effects of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 on respiratory admissions among young children in Hanoi. Data on daily admissions from the Vietnam National Hospital of Paediatrics and daily records of PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and other confounding factors as NO2, SO2, CO, O3 and temperature were collected from September 2010 to September 2011. A time-stratified case-crossover design with individual lag model was applied to evaluate the associations between particulate air pollution and respiratory admissions. Significant effects on daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease were found for PM10, PM2.5 and PM1. An increase in 10μg/m3 of PM10, PM2.5 or PM1 was associated with an increase in risk of admission of 1.4%, 2.2% or 2.5% on the same day of exposure, respectively. No significant difference between the effects on males and females was found in the study. The study demonstrated that infants and young children in Hanoi are at increased risk of respiratory admissions due to the high level of airborne particles in the city's ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly M T Luong
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia; Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Vietnam.
| | - Dung Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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42
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Li R, Jiang N, Liu Q, Huang J, Guo X, Liu F, Gao Z. Impact of Air Pollutants on Outpatient Visits for Acute Respiratory Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010047. [PMID: 28067786 PMCID: PMC5295298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The air pollution in China is a severe problem. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of air pollutants on acute respiratory outcomes in outpatients. Outpatient data from 2 December 2013 to 1 December 2014 were collected, as well as air pollutant data including ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). We screened six categories of acute respiratory outcomes and analyzed their associations with different air pollutant exposures, including upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), acute bronchitis (AB), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), acute exacerbation of asthma (AE-asthma), and acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis (AEBX). A case-crossover design with a bidirectional control sampling approach was used for statistical analysis. A total of 57,144 patients were enrolled for analysis. PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂, and CO exposures were positively associated with outpatient visits for URTI, AB, CAP, and AEBX. PM10, SO₂, and CO exposures were positively associated with outpatient visits for AECOPD. Exposure to O₃ was positively associated with outpatient visits for AE-asthma, but negatively associated with outpatient visits for URTI, CAP, and AEBX. In conclusion, air pollutants had acute effects on outpatient visits for acute respiratory outcomes, with specific outcomes associated with specific pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Qichen Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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43
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Hu LW, Lawrence WR, Liu Y, Yang BY, Zeng XW, Chen W, Dong GH. Ambient Air Pollution and Morbidity in Chinese. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1017:123-151. [PMID: 29177961 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5657-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid economic growth in China is coupled with a severe ambient air pollution, which poses a huge threat to human health and the sustainable development of social economy. The rapid urbanization and industrialization over the last three decades have placed China as one of countries with the greatest disease burden in world. Notably, the prevalence rate of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CND), including respiratory diseases, CVD, and stroke, in 2010 reaches 16.9%. The continuous growth of the incidence of CND urgent needs for effective regulatory action for health protection. This study aims to evaluate the impact of rapid urbanization on status of ambient air pollution and associated adverse health effects on the incidence and the burden of CND and risk assessment. Our findings would be greatly significant in the prediction of the risk of ambient air pollution on CND and for evidence-based policy making and risk management in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wayne R Lawrence
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12144-3445, USA
| | - Yimin Liu
- Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health Effects, Guangzhou Key Medical Discipline of Occupational Health Guardianship, Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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44
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Hwang SL, Guo SE, Chi MC, Chou CT, Lin YC, Lin CM, Chou YL. Association between Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter and Hospital Admissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Southwestern Taiwan: A Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:366. [PMID: 27023589 PMCID: PMC4847028 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This paper reports on the findings of a population-based study to evaluate the relationship between atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in southwestern Taiwan over a three-year period, 2008–2010. Methods: Data on hospital admissions for COPD and PM2.5 levels were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research database (NHIRD) and the Environmental Protection Administration from 2008 to 2010, respectively. The lag structure of relative risks (RRs) of hospital admissions for COPD was estimated using a Poisson regression model. Results: During the study period, the overall average hospitalization rate of COPD and mean 24-h average level of PM2.5 was 0.18% and 39.37 μg/m3, respectively. There were seasonal variations in PM2.5 concentrations in southwestern Taiwan, with higher PM2.5 concentrations in both spring (average: 48.54 μg/m3) and winter (49.96 μg/m3) than in summer (25.89 μg/m3) and autumn (33.37 μg/m3). Increased COPD admissions were significantly associated with PM2.5 in both spring (February–April) and winter (October–January), with the relative risks (RRs) for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 being 1.25 (95% CI = 1.22–1.27) and 1.24 (95% CI = 1.23–1.26), respectively, at a lag zero days (i.e., no lag days). Lag effects on COPD admissions were observed for PM2.5, with the elevated RRs beginning at lag zero days and larger RRs estimates tending to occur at longer lags (up to six days, i.e., lag 0–5 days). Conclusions: In general, findings reveal an association between atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and hospital admissions for COPD in southwestern Taiwan, especially during both spring and winter seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lun Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Er Guo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Mo Lin
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Li Chou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan.
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