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Mwase-Vuma TW, Janssen X, Chong KH, Okely AD, Tremblay MS, Draper CE, Webster EK, Florindo AA, Staiano AE, Pham BN, Tanaka C, Koh D, Guan H, Tang HK, Löf M, Hossain MS, Munambah NE, Cross P, Chathurangana PP, Reilly JJ. Prevalence and Correlates of Adherence to the Global Total Physical Activity Guideline Based on Step Counting Among 3- to 4-Year-Olds: Evidence From SUNRISE Pilot Studies From 17 Countries. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:794-801. [PMID: 38917992 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence from globally diverse samples on the prevalence and correlates of meeting the global guideline of 180 minutes per day of total physical activity (TPA) among 3- to 4-year-olds. METHODS Cross-sectional study involving 797 (49.2% girls) 3- to 4-year-olds from 17 middle- and high-income countries who participated in the pilot phases 1 and 2 of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years. Daily step count was measured using thigh-worn activPAL accelerometers. Children wore the accelerometers for at least one 24-hour period. Children were categorized as meeting the TPA guideline based on achieving ≥11,500 steps per day. Descriptive analyses were conducted to describe the proportion of meeting the TPA guideline for the overall sample and each of the sociodemographic variables, and 95% CIs were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the sociodemographic correlates of meeting the TPA guideline. RESULTS Mean daily step count was 10,295 steps per day (SD = 4084). Approximately one-third of the sample (30.9%, 95% CI, 27.6-34.2) met the TPA guideline. The proportion meeting the guideline was significantly lower among girls (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.51-0.96) and 4-year-olds (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.34-0.75) and higher among rural residents (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI, 1.27-2.49) and those from lower middle-income countries (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI, 0.89-2.04). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that a minority of children might meet the TPA guideline globally, and the risk of not meeting the guideline differed by sociodemographic indicators. These findings suggest the need for more surveillance of TPA in young children globally and, possibly, interventions to improve childhood health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawonga W Mwase-Vuma
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
- Centre for Social Research, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Xanne Janssen
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Kar Hau Chong
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E Kipling Webster
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Alex Antonio Florindo
- School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda E Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Bang Nguyen Pham
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Denise Koh
- Centre of Community Education & Well-being, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Hong K Tang
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nyaradzai E Munambah
- Rehabilitation Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Penny Cross
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John J Reilly
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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Kwon S, Welch S, Capan S. Sex Differences in Physical Activity of US children at age 13 months: Child and Mother Physical Activity Study (CAMPAS). RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4552035. [PMID: 38978560 PMCID: PMC11230486 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4552035/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Lower physical activity (PA) has been observed in females compared to males among preschool-aged and older children. However, the timing of when the sex gap emerges is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether females have lower PA levels than males in the early toddler age and to explore whether gross motor competency and PA parenting practices might explain a sex difference in PA. Methods The study design was cross-sectional. Participants were a community-based sample of 137 children aged 10-16 months residing in US Midwest urban/suburban area. Participants' mothers completed a survey that contained a demographic questionnaire, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire gross motor competency subscale, and a PA parenting practices questionnaire. Participating children wore an ActiGraph accelerometer on their hip for 7 days. Accelerometer-measured time spent in moderate- and vigorous intensity PA (MVPA; minutes/day) and in total PA (minutes/day) were calculated. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to predict MVPA and total PA by sex, gross motor competency, PA parenting practices, and socioeconomic status. Results Among 137 participants (54.0% female), average age was 13.6 months (SD = 1.7). MVPA was 72 ± 25 and 79 ± 26 minutes/day for females and males, respectively (p = 0.14). Total PA was 221 ± 48 and 238 ± 47 minutes/day for females and males, respectively (p = 0.04). Both gross motor competency and PA-encouraging parenting practices were positively associated MVPA (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) and total PA (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively); however, these relationships did not differ by sex (p = 0.11 and p = 0.89, respectively). After accounting for gross motor competency and PA parenting practices, total PA was 15 minutes/day lower among females than males (p = 0.04). Conclusions This cross-sectional study of US children observed a sex gap in total PA at 10-16 months of age. Gross motor development and PA parenting practices did not differ by child sex nor explain the sex difference in PA. A longitudinal investigation should follow to further narrow down when sex differences in PA emerge and to determine the factors that lead to this difference.
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Varman SD, Jones RA, Kelly B, Hammersley ML, Parrish AM, Stanley R, Cliff DP. The effect of experiential learning interventions on physical activity outcomes in children: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294987. [PMID: 38033028 PMCID: PMC10688861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review examined the effectiveness of experiential learning interventions for improving children's physical activity knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. It also aimed to identify intervention characteristics that resulted in the greatest impact. METHODS Four databases: Education Research Complete, Scopus, Web of Science and PsychINFO were searched from database inception to January 2023. Eligible studies: (1) included children 0-12 years; (2) assessed the effect of physical activity outcomes on children's physical activity knowledge, attitudes or behaviour and (3) were randomised controlled trials conducted in any setting. Study risk of bias was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Intervention approaches were categorised, and effect sizes were compared across studies for each outcome. RESULTS Twelve studies were included in the review: ten in school age and two in below five years. For behavioural outcomes, six of eight studies showed medium to large effects (effects size (ES) range: 0.3-0.9), two of the three studies that assessed attitudinal outcomes displayed medium effects (ES range: 0.4-0.5) and both studies that assessed knowledge outcomes displayed medium to large effects (ES range: 0.4-1.3). The two experiential learning interventions among children < 5 years demonstrated small to medium effects on behaviour change (ES range: 0.2-0.5). Effective interventions combined enjoyable practical activities (fitness activities, games and challenges), with behaviour change techniques (goal setting, and self-monitoring), were underpinned by a behaviour change theory, and were often of short duration (< 4 months) but intense (several sessions/week). Moderate to high statistical heterogeneity was observed for behaviour outcomes and risk of bias across studies was generally high. CONCLUSIONS This review provides some evidence supporting the effectiveness of experiential learning interventions in improving physical activity outcomes in school-aged children. Additional evidence is needed in children <5 years old. Future experiential learning interventions need to strengthen the evidence with rigorous methodological quality and clear reporting of the experiential learning components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumantla D. Varman
- Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Jones
- Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Early Start, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridget Kelly
- Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan L. Hammersley
- Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Early Start, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Stanley
- Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Early Start, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Dylan P. Cliff
- Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Early Start, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Kretschmer L, Salali GD, Andersen LB, Hallal PC, Northstone K, Sardinha LB, Dyble M, Bann D. Gender differences in the distribution of children's physical activity: evidence from nine countries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:103. [PMID: 37667391 PMCID: PMC10478357 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity in childhood is thought to influences health and development. Previous studies have found that boys are typically more active than girls, yet the focus has largely been on differences in average levels or proportions above a threshold rather than the full distribution of activity across all intensities. We thus examined differences in the distribution of physical activity between girls and boys in a multi-national sample of children. METHODS We used the harmonised International Children Accelerometry Database (ICAD), including waist-worn accelerometry data from 15,461 individuals (Boys: 48.3%) from 9 countries. Employing Generalised Additive Models of Location, Shape, and Scale (GAMLSS) we investigated gender differences in the distribution of individuals, including comparisons of variability (SD) and average physical activity levels (mean and median) and skewness. We conducted this analysis for each activity intensity (Sedentary, Light, and Moderate-to-Vigorous (MVPA)) and a summary measure (counts per minute (CPM)). RESULTS Sizable gender differences in the distribution of activity were found for moderate to vigorous activity and counts per minute, with boys having higher average levels (38% higher mean volumes of MVPA, 20% higher CPM), yet substantially more between-person variability (30% higher standard deviation (SD) for MVPA, 17% higher SD for CPM); boys' distributions were less positively skewed than girls. Conversely, there was little to no difference between girls and boys in the distribution of sedentary or light-intensity activity. CONCLUSIONS Inequality in activity between girls and boys was driven by MVPA. The higher mean volumes of MVPA in boys occurred alongside greater variability. This suggests a need to consider the underlying distribution of activity in future research; for example, interventions which target gender inequality in MVPA may inadvertently lead to increased inequality within girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Kretschmer
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK.
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK.
| | - Gul Deniz Salali
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol School of Medicine, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Mark Dyble
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, 14 Taviton Street, London, UK
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, UCL, London, UK
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Tornquist D, Crochemore-Silva I, Tornquist L, Mielke GI, Ekelund U, Murray J, Domingues MR. Trajectories of Device-Measured Physical Activity During Early Childhood and Its Determinants: Findings From the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:840-849. [PMID: 37451685 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to describe trajectories of physical activity (PA) measured by accelerometry during early childhood and to test associations with sociodemographic, gestational, maternal, and perinatal determinants. METHODS Data from 1798 children from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort were analyzed. PA was measured with wrist accelerometers at 1, 2, and 4 years. PA trajectories were estimated using group-based trajectory modeling, and associations with determinants were tested using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS Two trajectories were identified: Moderate and high PA, both showing a linear increase in PA in the first years but differing in volume. Girls (prevalence ratio [PR]: 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.94), highly educated mothers (PR: 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.97), and high birth weight children (PR: 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97) showed less probability of high PA trajectory. Birth order ≥3 (PR: 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11) was associated with higher likelihood of high PA trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Children showed an increase in PA during the first years, with 2 trajectories that differ in PA levels. Female sex, high maternal schooling, and high birth weight reduced the probability of having a high PA trajectory, while higher birth order increased this probability. These characteristics should be considered when planning PA interventions for children in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Tornquist
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Inácio Crochemore-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Luciana Tornquist
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Grégore I Mielke
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo,Norway
| | - Joseph Murray
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Marlos R Domingues
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
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Bourke M, Haddara A, Loh A, Carson V, Breau B, Tucker P. Adherence to the World Health Organization's physical activity recommendation in preschool-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of accelerometer studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:52. [PMID: 37101226 PMCID: PMC10132436 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that preschool-aged children should engage in 180 min of total physical activity (TPA) including 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day. No systematic reviews or meta-analyses have pooled adherence to the recommendation across multiple studies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of preschool-aged children achieving the WHO's physical activity recommendation for young children, and determine if the prevalence differed between boys and girls. METHODS Primary literature searches were conducted on six online databases and a machine learning assisted systematic review was used to identify relevant studies. Studies written in English reporting on the prevalence of children aged 3-5 years achieving overall WHO physical activity recommendation or the individual TPA or MVPA aspects of the recommendation measured using accelerometers were eligible for inclusion. Random effects meta-analysis was used to determine the prevalence of preschools achieving the overall WHO recommendation and the individual TPA and MVPA aspect of the recommendation, and to determine difference in prevalence between boys and girls. RESULTS Forty-eight studies reporting on 20,078 preschool-aged children met the inclusion criteria. Based on the most commonly employed accelerometer cut-points across all aspects of the recommendation, 60% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 37%, 79%) of preschool-aged children adhered to the overall physical activity recommendation, 78% (95% CI = 38%, 95%) adhered to the TPA aspect of the recommendation, and 90% (95% CI = 81%, 95%) adhered to the MVPA aspect of the recommendation. There was substantial variability is prevalence estimates between different accelerometer cut-points. Girls were significantly less likely to achieve the overall recommendation and the MVPA aspect of the recommendation than boys were. CONCLUSIONS Although there was substantial variability in estimated prevalence of preschool-aged children adhering the WHO physical activity recommendation between various accelerometer cut-points, the weight of available evidence suggests that the majority of young children are adhering to the overall recommendation and the individual TPA and MVPA aspects of the recommendation. Large-scale, intercontinental surveillance studies are needed to further strengthen the evidence regarding the prevalence of preschool-aged children achieving physical activity recommendation globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Ameena Haddara
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aidan Loh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Becky Breau
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Nilsen A, Espedal H, Aadland KN, Aadland E. Associations between educators' and children's physical activity and sedentary time in Norwegian preschools: A cross-sectional study. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:200-208. [PMID: 37087749 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2204638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Preschool educators may be important role models influencing children's physical activity (PA) behaviours. The main aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between educators' and children's PA and sedentary time (SED) by including 1230 children (mean age 4.8 yrs, 48% girls) and 422 educators (mean age 42.4 yrs, 90% women) from 68 preschools in Western Norway. PA and SED were measured over 10 preschool days using hip worn ActiGraph GT3×+ accelerometers. Associations between child and educator PA and SED during preschool hours, determined by multivariate pattern analyses, provided explained variances (R2) = 2.8-5.2%. Levels of educator moderate PA were positively related to child PA (all intensities) and educator vigorous PA were positively related to child vigorous PA, while educator light PA was negatively associated with PA and positively associated with child SED. Educator SED were positively associated with child vigorous PA and negatively associated to child SED. Association patterns were similar for boys and girls, while educator moderate and vigorous PA were more strongly related to the younger vs. the older children's PA. The positive relationships between educators' moderate and vigorous PA and children's PA found herein suggest educators' PA behaviours should be addressed in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ako Nilsen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - H Espedal
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - K N Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
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Physical Activity among U.S. Preschool-Aged Children: Application of Machine Learning Physical Activity Classification to the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101433. [PMID: 36291373 PMCID: PMC9600221 DOI: 10.3390/children9101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood is an important development period for establishing healthy physical activity (PA) habits. The objective of this study was to evaluate PA levels in a representative sample of U.S. preschool-aged children. The study sample included 301 participants (149 girls, 3-5 years of age) in the 2012 U.S. National Health and Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey. Participants were asked to wear an ActiGraph accelerometer on their wrist for 7 days. A machine learning random forest classification algorithm was applied to accelerometer data to estimate daily time spent in moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA; the sum of minutes spent in running, walking, and other moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA) and total PA (the sum of MVPA and light-intensity PA). We estimated that U.S. preschool-aged children engaged in 28 min/day of MVPA and 361 min/day of total PA, on average. MVPA and total PA levels were not significantly different between males and females. This study revealed that U.S. preschool-aged children engage in lower levels of MVPA and higher levels of total PA than the minimum recommended by the World Health Organization.
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KARIIPPANON KATHARINAE, CHONG KARHAU, JANSSEN XANNE, TOMAZ SIMONEA, RIBEIRO EVELYNHC, MUNAMBAH NYARADZAI, CHAN CECILIAHS, CHATHURANGANA PWPRASAD, DRAPER CATHERINEE, EL HAMDOUCHI ASMAA, FLORINDO ALEXA, GUAN HONGYAN, HA AMYS, HOSSAIN MOHAMMADSOROWAR, KIM DONGHOON, VAN KIM THANH, KOH DENISECL, LÖF MARIE, PHAM BANGNGUYEN, POH BEEKOON, REILLY JOHNJ, STAIANO AMANDAE, SUHERMAN ADANG, TANAKA CHIAKI, TANG HONGKIM, TREMBLAY MARKS, WEBSTER EKIPLING, WICKRAMASINGHE VPUJITHA, WONG JYHEIIN, OKELY ANTHONYD. Levels and Correlates of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior in Young Children: SUNRISE Study Results from 19 Countries. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1123-1130. [PMID: 35142711 PMCID: PMC9203875 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a paucity of global data on sedentary behavior during early childhood. The purpose of this study was to examine how device-measured sedentary behavior in young children differed across geographically, economically, and sociodemographically diverse populations, in an international sample. METHODS This multinational, cross-sectional study included data from 1071 children 3-5 yr old from 19 countries, collected between 2018 and 2020 (pre-COVID). Sedentary behavior was measured for three consecutive days using activPAL accelerometers. Sedentary time, sedentary fragmentation, and seated transport duration were calculated. Linear mixed models were used to examine the differences in sedentary behavior variables between sex, country-level income groups, urban/rural settings, and population density. RESULTS Children spent 56% (7.4 h) of their waking time sedentary. The longest average bout duration was 81.1 ± 45.4 min, and an average of 61.1 ± 50.1 min·d-1 was spent in seated transport. Children from upper-middle-income and high-income countries spent a greater proportion of the day sedentary, accrued more sedentary bouts, had shorter breaks between sedentary bouts, and spent significantly more time in seated transport, compared with children from low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Sex and urban/rural residential setting were not associated with any outcomes. Higher population density was associated with several higher sedentary behavior measures. CONCLUSIONS These data advance our understanding of young children's sedentary behavior patterns globally. Country income levels and population density appear to be stronger drivers of the observed differences, than sex or rural/urban residential setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- KATHARINA E. KARIIPPANON
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - KAR HAU CHONG
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - XANNE JANSSEN
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - SIMONE A. TOMAZ
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - NYARADZAI MUNAMBAH
- Rehabilitation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, ZIMBABWE
| | - CECILIA H. S. CHAN
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
| | | | - CATHERINE E. DRAPER
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA
| | - ASMAA EL HAMDOUCHI
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC 39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, MOROCCO
| | | | - HONGYAN GUAN
- Department of Early Childhood Development, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, CHINA
| | - AMY S. HA
- Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
| | | | - DONG HOON KIM
- Korea Institute of Child Care and Education, Seoul, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
| | - THANH VAN KIM
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM
| | - DENISE C. L. KOH
- Centre of Community Education and Well-being, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
| | - MARIE LÖF
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, SWEDEN
| | - BANG NGUYEN PHAM
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, PAPUA NEW GUINEA
| | - BEE KOON POH
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
| | - JOHN J. REILLY
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - ADANG SUHERMAN
- Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, INDONESIA
| | - CHIAKI TANAKA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - HONG KIM TANG
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM
| | - MARK S. TREMBLAY
- Healthy Active Lifestyle and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, CANADA
| | - E. KIPLING WEBSTER
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | | | - JYH EIIN WONG
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
| | - ANTHONY D. OKELY
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, AUSTRALIA
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10
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Kwon S, Tandon PS, O'Neill ME, Becker AB. Cross-sectional association of light sensor-measured time outdoors with physical activity and gross motor competency among U.S. preschool-aged children: the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:833. [PMID: 35473506 PMCID: PMC9040315 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Time spent outdoors (outdoor time) has been suggested to be beneficial for physical activity (PA) and healthy development among preschool-aged children. The aim of this study was to quantify PA level and gross motor competency associated with light sensor-measured daily outdoor time in a representative sample of U.S. children aged 3 to 5 years. Methods The study sample included 301 participants (149 girls) aged 3 to 5 years from the 2012 U.S. National Health and Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey. ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers with a built-in ambient light sensor were used to measure PA (expressed in monitor-independent movement summary [MIMS]) and outdoor time. The Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2) was used to assess gross motor skills. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to predict daily and gross motor scores by daily outdoor time. Results Average daily outdoor time was 95 min (median of 84 min; interquartile range of 52 to 123 min). Means of daily outdoor time and daily MIMS were not significantly different between boys and girls. Among girls, every additional 10 min of daily outdoor time was associated with an additional 540 daily total MIMS (95% CI = 372, 708). Among boys, every additional 10 min of daily outdoor time was associated with an additional 296 daily total MIMS (95% CI = 131, 460). Every additional 10 min of daily outdoor time was associated with a 0.1-point (95% CI = 0.001, 0.130) higher object control standard score. Daily outdoor time was not associated with a locomotor standard score. Conclusions In a representative sample of U.S. preschool-aged children, daily outdoor time was positively associated with daily PA. The contribution of outdoor time to PA was greater among girls than boys, suggesting that providing outdoor opportunities is critical for promoting PA, particularly among girls. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13239-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyang Kwon
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave. Box 157, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Pooja S Tandon
- University of Washington & Seattle Children's Hospital, PO Box 5371, M/S CURE-3, Seattle, WA, 98145, USA
| | - Meghan E O'Neill
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave. Box 157, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Adam B Becker
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave. Box 157, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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11
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Biadgilign S, Gebremichael B, Abera A, Moges T. Gender Difference and Correlates of Physical Activity Among Urban Children and Adolescents in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:731326. [PMID: 35372220 PMCID: PMC8965504 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.731326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies indicate that children and adolescent populations in most countries show a low level of physical activity (PA) and an increasing prevalence of obesity. Addressing gender disparity in PA is the main element of public health programs. There is currently a paucity of studies, particularly, in developing countries that investigate gender differences and correlates of PA among children and adolescents. Objective The study is aimed to assess the gender difference and correlates of PA among children and adolescents in Ethiopia. Methods An observational population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in representative samples of children and adolescents in the capital city of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. Multivariable logistic regression models with robust estimation of SEs were fitted to predict the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Results A total of 632 children and adolescents-parent dyads were included in the study. More boys than girls (17.0 and 11.7%) were engaged in moderate intensity PA 3 days a week or more (p = 0.057). Age, mothers working in a private business, attending public schools, longer sleep duration, and being taught the benefits of PA were positively associated with meeting moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in both sexes combined and in a sub-sample of boys. Furthermore, an inverse association was found between overweight/obesity and MVPA in the overall children and girls as well. For moderate PA (MPA); the age of the children, maternal education and occupation, school type, overweight/obesity, and sleep duration on school nights were significant correlates among the studied children. Conclusions The present study provided evidence of several correlates identified associated with meeting MVPA and MPA in both sexes combined. Girls are less likely than boys to engage in PA. Therefore, there is a need to take into perspectives the provision of a comprehensive multifaceted health behavior modification and interventions, such as focused and regular physical education in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Admas Abera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsedey Moges
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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12
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Wallace DD, Han B, Cohen DA, Derose KP. The Effects of Park-Based Interventions on Health-Related Outcomes Among Youth: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1029-1044. [PMID: 35343240 PMCID: PMC9197949 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221077812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to present a comprehensive systematic review of the effects of park-based interventions on health outcomes among youth, defined as children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases searched through November 2020. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Interventions conducted in publicly accessible parks that evaluated health outcomes (i.e., physical, mental, and emotional); focused on children and adolescents (up to 18 years old, or up to 22 years old for individuals with developmental needs); and was published in English, Spanish, and Chinese. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the 15 included studies using the Guide to Community Preventive Services tool. DATA SYNTHESIS Descriptive summary of study characteristics and summarized methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS Twelve studies were person-based interventions involving the evaluation of health outcome changes in cohorts, and the remaining studies were park-based, focused on changing the park environment and observing changes in youth participation in parks. All identified interventions were positively associated with individual-level and park-level outcomes ranging from body weight, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, park utilization, and health behavior knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrated that parks as sites of interventions can provide an environment that promotes health and wellbeing for youth. Nevertheless, the number of relevant studies were limited, thus it is important to leverage and expand on existing knowledge of the utility of parks as sites of intervention to address health concerns at this critical juncture of the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshira D Wallace
- Department of Health Behavior, 41474UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bing Han
- 166700RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Research and Evaluation, 6152Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Deborah A Cohen
- 166700RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Research and Evaluation, 6152Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn P Derose
- 166700RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Health Promotion & Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, 14707University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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13
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Nobre JNP, Morais RLDS, Prat BV, Fernandes AC, Viegas ÂA, Figueiredo PHS, Costa HS, Camargos ACR, de Alcantara MA, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR. Physical environmental opportunities for active play and physical activity level in preschoolers: a multicriteria analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:340. [PMID: 35177034 PMCID: PMC8855597 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Active play opportunities seems to influence the level of physical activity during childhood. However, a gap remains about which environmental opportunities including the daycare physical environment could have a positive impact on the level of physical activity in preschoolers. Objectives (1) To develop an index to measure the environmental opportunities of free active play for preschoolers of middle-income countries; (2) to check the relationship and contribution of the index to explain objectively the level of physical activity. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory study with 51 preschool children. The established criteria for the index according to the literature were: (1) Outdoor time on typical days of the week. (2) Outdoor time on a typical weekend day. (3) The presence of internal space and external environment in the child’s home that allows playing. (4) Presence of patio with space for games at the school. (5) Presence of a playground with a toy at the school. We applied multi-attribute utility theory for the determination of the multicriteria index of physical environmental opportunities. Pearson’s correlation analysis and simple linear regression were used to verify the association between the index and the physical activity level. Results The index showed a positive correlation with the level of physical activity, e.g., the average time of MVPA (r = 0.408, p = 0.003). The univariate linear regression demonstrated that the quality of physical environmental opportunities for physical activity explained 20% of the preschooler’s classification as active and 16% of the time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (p < 0.001). Conclusion Physical environmental opportunities for active play have a positive effect on physical activity in preschoolers and should be encouraged in different social segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Nogueira Pontes Nobre
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Luzia De Souza Morais
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bernat Viñola Prat
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT - UFVJM) e SaSA, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Fernandes
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ângela Alves Viegas
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Silveira Costa
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Alessandro de Alcantara
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Faculdade de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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14
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The Association Between Preschooler Physical Activity Duration and Intensity and Social Emotional Development: Findings From the PLAYCE Study. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:844-850. [PMID: 34039775 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social emotional development is imperative to young children's long-term psychological and physical health. Physical activity (PA) may be important for young children's social emotional development. The association between preschooler PA duration and intensity and social emotional development was investigated. METHODS Data from six hundred and fifty-one 2- to 4-year-olds in the Play Spaces and Environments for Children's Physical Activity (PLAYCE) study were analyzed. PA was measured using ActiGraph-GT3X accelerometers worn over 7 days. Social emotional development was measured using the parent-completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multilevel linear regression models examined the association between PA duration and intensity and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales. RESULTS Preschoolers did 158.2 (SD = 40.2) minutes per day of PA with 27% meeting the Australian Physical Activity Guidelines for the Early Years. There was a 1.74 point decrease in the total Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score for each additional hour of moderate-intensity PA per day (P < .05). Similar significant associations were found across all domains of social emotional development except hyperactivity, and were consistent across different intensities of light, moderate, and vigorous PA. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential importance of PA, especially moderate-intensity play-based PA, for different aspects of preschool children's social emotional development. Longitudinal and intervention research is required to confirm whether promoting PA in the early years provides developmental benefit.
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Collings PJ, Blackwell JE, Pal E, Ball HL, Wright J. Associations of diarised sleep onset time, period and duration with total and central adiposity in a biethnic sample of young children: the Born in Bradford observational cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044769. [PMID: 34035099 PMCID: PMC8154936 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate associations of parent-reported sleep characteristics with adiposity levels in a biethnic sample of young children. DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study. SETTING The Born in Bradford 1000 study, UK. PARTICIPANTS Children aged approximately 18 months (n=209; 40.2% South Asian; 59.8% white) and 36 months (n=162; 40.7% South Asian; 59.3% white). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Children's body mass index (BMI) z-score, sum of two-skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) and waist circumference. Adjusted regression was used to quantify associations of sleep parameters with adiposity stratified by ethnicity and age group. The results are beta coefficients (95% CIs) and unless otherwise stated represent the difference in outcomes for every 1-hour difference in sleep parameters. RESULTS The average sleep onset time was markedly later in South Asian (21:26±68 min) than white children (19:41±48 min). Later sleep onset was associated with lower BMI z-score (-0.3 (-0.5 to -0.0)) and sum of two-skinfolds (-1.5 mm (-2.8 mm to -0.2 mm)) in white children aged 18 months and higher BMI z-score in South Asian children aged 36 months (0.3 (0.0-0.5)). Longer sleep duration on weekends than weekdays was associated with higher BMI z-score (0.4 (0.1-0.8)) and waist circumference (1.2 cm (0.3-2.2 cm)) in South Asian children aged 18 months, and later sleep onset on weekends than weekdays was associated with larger sum of two-skinfolds (1.7 mm (0.3-3.1 mm)) and waist circumference (1.8 cm (0.6-2.9 cm)). Going to sleep ≥20 min later on weekends than weekdays was associated with lower waist circumference in white children aged 18 months (-1.7 cm (-3.2 cm to -0.1 cm)). CONCLUSIONS Sleep timing is associated with total and central adiposity in young children but associations differ by age group and ethnicity. Sleep onset times and regular sleep schedules may be important for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul James Collings
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Jane Elizabeth Blackwell
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Elizabeth Pal
- Better Start Bradford, Bradford Trident, Bradford, UK
| | - Helen L Ball
- Department of Anthropology, Durham Infancy and Sleep Centre, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
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16
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Turrisi TB, Bittel KM, West AB, Hojjatinia S, Hojjatinia S, Mama SK, Lagoa CM, Conroy DE. Seasons, weather, and device-measured movement behaviors: a scoping review from 2006 to 2020. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 33541375 PMCID: PMC7863471 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review summarized research on (a) seasonal differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior, and (b) specific weather indices associated with those behaviors. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched to identify relevant studies. After identifying and screening 1459 articles, data were extracted from 110 articles with 118,189 participants from 30 countries (almost exclusively high-income countries) on five continents. RESULTS Both physical activity volume and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were greater in summer than winter. Sedentary behavior was greater in winter than either spring or summer, and insufficient evidence existed to draw conclusions about seasonal differences in light physical activity. Physical activity volume and MVPA duration were positively associated with both the photoperiod and temperature, and negatively associated with precipitation. Sedentary behavior was negatively associated with photoperiod and positively associated with precipitation. Insufficient evidence existed to draw conclusions about light physical activity and specific weather indices. Many weather indices have been neglected in this literature (e.g., air quality, barometric pressure, cloud coverage, humidity, snow, visibility, windchill). CONCLUSIONS The natural environment can influence health by facilitating or inhibiting physical activity. Behavioral interventions should be sensitive to potential weather impacts. Extreme weather conditions brought about by climate change may compromise health-enhancing physical activity in the short term and, over longer periods of time, stimulate human migration in search of more suitable environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Turrisi
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kelsey M Bittel
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ashley B West
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Sahar Hojjatinia
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Constantino M Lagoa
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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17
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Slaton A, Kowalski AJ, Zemanick A, Pulling Kuhn A, Hager ER, Black MM. Motor Competence and Attainment of Global Physical Activity Guidelines among a Statewide Sample of Preschoolers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228546. [PMID: 33217996 PMCID: PMC7698764 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Global physical activity guidelines for preschoolers include 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily. This study, based on the developmental model of motor skill competence, examines how motor competence relates to preschoolers’ likelihood of meeting global guidelines using ankle accelerometry. We measured physical activity using 24-h ankle-placement accelerometry (Actical) for at least two consecutive days (87% with six-seven days), motor competence using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), and BMI-for-age z-scores (BMIz) using anthropometry and age- and sex-specific CDC norms. Caregivers provided demographic characteristics of children’s age, sex, and race. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine how motor competence, BMIz weight status, and demographic characteristics related to meeting global physical activity guidelines. The sample included 588 preschoolers, age 3–5 years; 55% male; 60% white; and 28% overweight/obese; 75% attained the recommended 60 min of MVPA per day. The odds of meeting MVPA guidelines were associated with higher gross motor quotient, higher object control scores, sex (male), age (older), and race (white), but not with BMIz weight status. Findings support the use of 24-h ankle accelerometry among preschoolers and are consistent with the developmental model of motor competence applied to preschoolers, whereby object control competence relates positively to attaining global physical activity guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Slaton
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.S.); (A.J.K.); (A.Z.); (A.P.K.); (E.R.H.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Alysse J. Kowalski
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.S.); (A.J.K.); (A.Z.); (A.P.K.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Amy Zemanick
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.S.); (A.J.K.); (A.Z.); (A.P.K.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Ann Pulling Kuhn
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.S.); (A.J.K.); (A.Z.); (A.P.K.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Erin R. Hager
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.S.); (A.J.K.); (A.Z.); (A.P.K.); (E.R.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Maureen M. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.S.); (A.J.K.); (A.Z.); (A.P.K.); (E.R.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Fukushima N, Abe T, Kitayuguchi J, Tanaka C, Amagasa S, Kikuchi H, Okada S, Tanaka S, Inoue S. Adherence to the Japanese Physical Activity Guideline During Early Childhood Among Rural Preschoolers: A Cross-sectional Study. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:194-202. [PMID: 32224598 PMCID: PMC7878712 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) guidelines for early childhood have been established worldwide, and adherence to PA guidelines has been utilized to assess the effectiveness of policies regarding PA promotion. Although there is a Japanese PA guideline for preschoolers, little is known about adherence to this recommendation. This study examined and compared proportions of meeting the Japanese PA guideline among preschoolers. Methods Participants comprised 821 children aged 3–6 years from all 21 preschools and childcare facilities (hereafter collectively “preschools”) within Unnan City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Data on PA levels were collected through a parent-report questionnaire in accordance with the Japanese PA guideline. This guideline recommends that preschoolers perform PA for at least 60 minutes every day. Analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-squared, and Mann–Whitney’s tests to compare adherence to the PA guideline. Results Data of 441 participants from 20 preschools were analyzed. Of these, 292 (66.2%) preschoolers met the PA guideline. Boys (70.2%) showed a significantly higher proportion of meeting the PA guideline than girls (61.2%; P = 0.048). Proportions of meeting the PA guideline among preschool grades were not statistically different. Prevalence rates of meeting the PA guideline among 20 preschools considerably varied from 14.3% to 100% (P = 0.007). Conclusions Two-thirds of preschoolers met the Japanese PA guideline, while adherence to PA recommendations differed between genders. Moreover, there were distinct variations of adherence to PA guideline among preschools. Possible determinants that cause the differences in adherence to the PA guideline at the individual and preschool-levels should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Shimane University.,Physical Education and Medicine Research Center UNNAN
| | | | - Chiaki Tanaka
- College of Health and Welfare, J. F. Oberlin University
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Shinpei Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University.,Physical Education and Medicine Research Foundation
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
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19
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Global Community Child Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093331. [PMID: 32403304 PMCID: PMC7246820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This special issue of IJERPH has published a range of studies in this developing field of Global Community Child Health research. A number of manuscripts submitted in response to our invitation describing 'community-based interventions which impact on child health and wellbeing around the globe. In addition to rural community-based initiatives given that most children now live in cities we are also interested to hear about urban initiatives….' We hope this issue will of great interest to the researchers and practitioners as well as academia from the fields of Global Health as well as Global Child Health because it comprised of 14 articles representing all five continents. Physical activity appears a key component of the scientific community's current conception of child well-being judging from the four papers published addressing this area. This issue also has papers on childhood obesity to rubella vaccination. Despite of the journal's strive for reaching out to a wider global child health community, this issue missed contributions relating to child safeguarding and social determinants of urban health.
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Blasquez Shigaki G, L Barbosa CC, Batista MB, Romanzini CLP, Gonçalves EM, Serassuelo Junior H, Ronque ERV. Tracking of health-related physical fitness between childhood and adulthood. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 32:e23381. [PMID: 31875346 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to analyze the tracking of indicators of health-related physical fitness between childhood and adulthood. METHODS The study presents a longitudinal design, with the first phase of data collection occurring annually between 2002 and 2006, and the second phase carried out in 2016. A total of 142 young adults, aged between 21 and 25 years, of both sexes participated in the study. Were evaluated body mass, stature, skinfold thickness, sit and reach test; abdominal resistance/strength test, and 20-m shuttle run test. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated that all health-related physical fitness variables presented values considered moderate to high tracking (0.37-0.67; P < 0.005) between the analyzed periods. It was verified that in all variables, tracking was higher in the female group, except for the result of the running test related to the cardiorespiratory fitness component which demonstrated greater tracking in the male group (ICC = 0.37 vs ICC = 0.50). The result of the running test for males was the only variable presenting a discrepancy in the values observed between baseline and follow-up (P < 0.05; k = 0.110). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the indicators of body fat, abdominal and running tests demonstrated moderate tracking, while the sit and reach test presented high tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Blasquez Shigaki
- Study and Research Group in Physical Activity and Exercise - GEPAFE/Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, University Paulista (UNIP) and University Center of Rio Preto (UNIRP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cynthia C L Barbosa
- Study and Research Group in Physical Activity and Exercise - GEPAFE/Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.,Federal University of Technology Paraná (UTFPR), Academic Department of Humanities, Apucarana, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Batista
- Study and Research Group in Physical Activity and Exercise - GEPAFE/Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.,Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campus of Pantanal, Corumbá, Brazil
| | - Catiana L P Romanzini
- Study and Research Group in Physical Activity and Exercise - GEPAFE/Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel M Gonçalves
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hélio Serassuelo Junior
- Study and Research Group in Physical Activity and Exercise - GEPAFE/Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- Study and Research Group in Physical Activity and Exercise - GEPAFE/Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
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