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Mir IA, John AT, Humayra S, Khan QI, Chong TF, Manan HA. Effect of mindfulness-based meditation on blood pressure among adults with elevated blood pressure and hypertension: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2024; 85:103084. [PMID: 39277117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a leading contributor to cardiovascular disorders globally. There has been a recent upsurge in non-pharmacological management involving mindfulness-based meditation (MBM) in lowering blood pressure (BP) among the hypertensive population; however, the level of supportive evidence among patients primarily diagnosed with hypertension remain limited. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of MBM on BP explicitly in adults primarily diagnosed with elevated blood pressure or hypertension. METHODS A database search of RCTs was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science until December 2023. The effect size score was calculated for variables of interest followed by qualitative analysis. RESULTS Nine studies with 543 participants (mean age 54.9±9.0) met the pre-specified eligibility criteria. Eight trials reported MBM convincing in lowering the systolic BP (p=0.001-0.020) and 6 in reducing the diastolic BP (p=0.001-0.01) among this target population. There was a disparity of gender in 7 studies and 4 trials did not report the ethnicity of participants. The methodological quality of the trials was gratifying, however, most studies presented with absence of allocation concealment and blinding of outcome assessors, fragmentary reporting of data, and high attrition rate that potentially affected the validity of trials. CONCLUSION MBM interventions may serve as an early preventive and supportive measure for adults with elevated BP or hypertension. However, more robust and rigorous trials with a larger, homogeneous sample and long-term follow-up are necessary to quantify the magnitude of this intervention. Moreover, the methodological issues may affect the overall quality and reliability of MBM interventions; hence, future studies must also address the risk of bias due to inadequate blinding and high attrition through treatment concealment and personalized engagement measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiyaz Ali Mir
- Department of Physiotherapy, M Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Selangor 47301, Malaysia
| | - Anil T John
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya, Selangor 47301, Malaysia; College of Physiotherapy, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru 560111, India.
| | - Syeda Humayra
- Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), Department of Radiology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Qamer Iqbal Khan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Qatar Rehabilitation Institute, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Teng Fung Chong
- Department of Physiotherapy, M Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Hanani Abdul Manan
- Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), Department of Radiology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Fu Y, Song Y, Li Y, Sanchez-Vidana DI, Zhang JJ, Lau WKW, Tan DGH, Ngai SPC, Lau BWM. The effect of mindfulness meditation on depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20189. [PMID: 39215203 PMCID: PMC11364622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, 280 million people worldwide experience depression, ranking it third in the global burden of disease. The incidence of depression has risen due to the COVID-19 pandemic, making it essential to examine evidence-based practices in reducing depressive symptoms during this unprecedented time. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to analyze randomized controlled trials during the COVID-19 pandemic that evaluated the effect of mindfulness meditation on depressive symptoms in individuals with depression. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched in November 2023 using search terms including meditation, mindfulness, depression, and depressive symptoms. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4 software (Cochrane Collaboration). A random model and Standard Mean Difference analysis with 95% CIs were used for continuous variables. The systematic review included 26 RCT studies. The meta-analysis showed significant effects of mindfulness meditation interventions (SMD = - 1.14; 95% CI - 1.45 to - 0.83; P < 0.001) in reducing depressive symptoms compared to comparison groups. The findings suggest a positive effect of mindfulness meditation on depressive symptoms in individuals with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yifan Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yining Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dalinda Isabel Sanchez-Vidana
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jack Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Way Kwok-Wai Lau
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Davynn Gim Hoon Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shirley Pui Ching Ngai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Moussa-Chamari I, Farooq A, Romdhani M, Washif JA, Bakare U, Helmy M, Al-Horani RA, Salamh P, Robin N, Hue O. The relationship between quality of life, sleep quality, mental health, and physical activity in an international sample of college students: a structural equation modeling approach. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1397924. [PMID: 39050600 PMCID: PMC11266085 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1397924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We assessed the direct and indirect relationships between sleep quality, mental health, and physical activity with quality of life (QOL) in college and university students. Methods In a cross-sectional design, 3,380 college students (60% females; age = 22.7 ± 5.4) from four continents (Africa: 32%; America: 5%; Asia: 46%; and Europe: 15%; others: 2%) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Insomnia Severity Index (ISI); Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS); the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short-form (IPAQ); and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-Brief). Results We showed that sleep quality, insomnia, and depression had direct negative effects on the physical domain of QOL (β = -0.22, -0.19, -0.31, respectively, p < 0.001). There was a strong negative direct association between depression and the psychological domain of QOL (β = -0.60, z = -22.21, p < 0.001). Both stress and PSQI had direct effects on social relationships QOL (β = 0.11; z = 4.09; and β = -0.13; z = -7.40, respectively, p < 0.001). However, depression had the strongest direct impact on social relationships QOL (β = -0.41, z = -15.79, p < 0.001). Conclusion The overall QOL of university students is associated with their sleep quality, mental health, and physical activity warranting further interventional studies aiming at improving students' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Moussa-Chamari
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratoire ACTES, UFR-STAPS, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (National Sports Institute of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ummukulthoum Bakare
- Nigeria Olympic Committee, Medical and Scientific Commission, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mai Helmy
- Psychology Department, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Paul Salamh
- College of Health Sciences, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nicolas Robin
- Laboratoire ACTES, UFR-STAPS, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Olivier Hue
- Laboratoire ACTES, UFR-STAPS, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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Aazh H, Najjari A, Moore BCJ. A Preliminary Analysis of the Clinical Effectiveness of Audiologist-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Delivered via Video Calls for Rehabilitation of Misophonia, Hyperacusis, and Tinnitus. Am J Audiol 2024; 33:559-574. [PMID: 38651993 DOI: 10.1044/2024_aja-23-00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a key intervention for management of misophonia, hyperacusis, and tinnitus. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary analysis comparing the scores for self-report questionnaires before and after audiologist-delivered CBT via video calls for adults with misophonia, hyperacusis, or tinnitus or a combination of these. METHOD This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The data for 37 consecutive patients who received CBT for misophonia, hyperacusis, or tinnitus from a private institute in the United Kingdom were analyzed. Self-report questionnaires taken as part of routine care were as follows: 4C Questionnaires for tinnitus, hyperacusis, and misophonia (4C-T, 4C-H, and 4C-M, respectively), Tinnitus Impact Questionnaire (TIQ), Hyperacusis Impact Questionnaire (HIQ), Misophonia Impact Questionnaire (MIQ), Sound Sensitivity Symptoms Questionnaire (SSSQ), and Screening for Anxiety and Depression in Tinnitus (SAD-T). Responses were also obtained to other questionnaires related to tinnitus, hyperacusis, insomnia, and anxiety and mood disorders. A linear mixed-model method was used to assess the changes in response to the questionnaires pretreatment and posttreatment. RESULTS Pretreatment-posttreatment comparisons showed that scores for the 4C-T, 4C-H, 4C-M, TIQ, HIQ, MIQ, SSSQ, and SAD-T improved, with effect sizes of 1.4, 1.2, 1.3, 2.6, 0.9, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.4, respectively (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary analysis suggests that CBT via video calls may be effective in reducing the impact of misophonia, hyperacusis, and tinnitus. However, this study did not have a control group, so its results need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashir Aazh
- Hashir International Specialist Clinics & Research Institute for Misophonia, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Anahita Najjari
- Hashir International Specialist Clinics & Research Institute for Misophonia, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian C J Moore
- Hashir International Specialist Clinics & Research Institute for Misophonia, Tinnitus and Hyperacusis, London, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Donnelly S, Penny K, Kynn M. The effectiveness of physical activity interventions in improving higher education students' mental health: A systematic review. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae027. [PMID: 38563387 PMCID: PMC10985680 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional interventions aiming to improve students' mental health and quality of life include meditation or canine therapy. The development of physical activity-related interventions has increased over the past decade. We aimed to review all studies using physical activity for improving the mental health and quality of life in higher education students whilst describing the interventions, measurements and effectiveness. A systematic search of six electronic databases including: ProQuest, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and CENTRAL, was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized or non-randomized controlled trial physical activity-related interventions involving higher education students aiming to improve their mental health and quality of life were included. Searches yielded 58 articles with interventions involving martial arts, sport, mind-body exercises and anaerobic exercises. Psychological measures varied across studies including the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and the Perceived Stress Scale. Over half of the studies included in this review (n = 36) were effective in improving students' mental health or quality of life. Findings from our review suggest that interventions aiming to be effective in improving students' mental health quality of life should aim to deliver moderate-vigorous intensity exercises such as dance or Pilates. This systematic review was based on a published protocol in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022325975).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Donnelly
- The University of the West of Scotland, Division of Sport, Exercise and Health, Stephenson Place, Hamilton International Technology Park, South Lanarkshire G72 0LH, UK
| | - Kay Penny
- University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mary Kynn
- Curtin University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Wark Avenue, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Pan Y, Li F, Liang H, Shen X, Bing Z, Cheng L, Dong Y. Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Mental Health and Psychological Quality of Life among University Students: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2024; 2024:8872685. [PMID: 38414520 PMCID: PMC10898947 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8872685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Psychological distress is a progressive health problem that has been linked to decreased quality of life among university students. This meta-analysis reviews existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have examined the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the relief of psychosomatic stress-related outcomes and quality of life among university students. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO (formerly PsychLit), Ovid MEDLINE, ERIC, Scopus, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in November 2023 to identify the RCTs for analysis. Data on pathology (anxiety, depression, and perceived stress), physical capacity (sleep quality and physical health), and well-being (mindfulness, self-kindness, social function, and subjective well-being) were analyzed. Results Of the 276 articles retrieved, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Compared with control therapies, the pooled results suggested that MBSR had significant effects, reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.29; 95% CI: -0.49 to -0.09), depression (SMD = -0.32; 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.02), and perceived stress (SMD = -0.41; 95% CI: -0.60 to -0.29) and improving mindfulness (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.59), self-kindness (SMD = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.30 to 1.12), and physical health (SMD = -0.59; 95% CI: -1.14 to -0.04). No significant differences were observed in sleep quality (SMD = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.06 to 0.20), social function (SMD = -0.71; 95% CI: -2.40 to 0.97), or subjective well-being (SMD = 0.07; 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.32). The quality of the evidence regarding sleep quality and physical health outcomes was low. Conclusions MBSR therapy appears to be potentially useful in relieving functional emotional disorders. However, additional evidence-based large-sample trials are required to definitively determine the forms of mindfulness-based therapy that may be effective in this context and ensure that the benefits obtained are ongoing. Future studies should investigate more personalized approaches involving interventions that are tailored to various barriers and students' clinical characteristics. To optimize the effects of such interventions, they should be developed and evaluated using various designs such as the multiphase optimization strategy, which allows for the identification and tailoring of the most valuable intervention components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Pan
- Tianjin Vocational and Technical Normal University, Campbell China Network, Dagu Nan Lu, Hexi, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Fusen Li
- Tianjin Vocational and Technical Normal University, Campbell China Network, Dagu Nan Lu, Hexi, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Haiqian Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiping Shen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhitong Bing
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Chengguan 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xitucheng Road, Haidian 100876, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Tianjin Medical College, School of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liulin Road, Hexi, Tianjin 300222, China
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Sorsdahl K, Van Der Westhuizen C, Hornsby N, Jacobs Y, Poole M, Neuman M, Weiss HA, Myers B. Project ASPIRE: A feasibility randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention for reducing risk of depression and alcohol-related harms among South African adolescents. Psychother Res 2024; 34:96-110. [PMID: 36736329 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2169083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brief interventions could reduce adolescents' risk of depression and alcohol-related harms, but evidence of their feasibility and acceptability for low-and middle-income countries is lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a feasibility trial of the ASPIRE intervention, a four-session multi-component counselling intervention for South African adolescents. METHOD We recruited 117 adolescents who met our inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to the ASPIRE intervention or a comparison condition. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, six-week, and three-month post-randomization time points. Primary outcomes were based on feasibility of study procedures and intervention delivery (assessed on seven predetermined progression criteria). Clinical outcomes (risk of depression and alcohol harms) were secondary. RESULTS Despite modifications to all study procedures arising from Covid-19 restrictions, five of the seven key progression criteria were fully met, including: feasibility of data collection and outcome measures, counsellor competencies, randomization and blinding, adverse advents, and acceptability of the intervention. The progression criterion for recruitment and intervention retention were not fully met. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the ASPIRE intervention was generally feasible to deliver and acceptable to adolescents. However, modifications to the trial design and intervention delivery are needed to optimize the validity of a definitive randomized controlled trial of the ASPIRE intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sorsdahl
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - C Van Der Westhuizen
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - N Hornsby
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Y Jacobs
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - M Poole
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - M Neuman
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - H A Weiss
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - B Myers
- Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Garcia FF, Casarin M, Silva FH, Muniz FWMG. Association between history of academic failure during dental school and self-reported depression, anxiety, and stress: A retrospective cohort. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:1502-1511. [PMID: 37485557 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between history of academic failure (HAF) and self-reported depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate dental students. METHODS This study involved 244 dental students from one university. An online questionnaire collected information on the following variables: socioeconomic status, behavior, use of licit/illicit drugs, and the choice of dentistry as an undergraduate field of study. The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was applied. HAF in at least one subject during a participant's undergraduate tenure was defined as the main outcome. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed for the variable "dentistry as the first choice for undergraduate studies." RESULTS The prevalence of HAF was 25.00% (n = 61). Among those students, the mean number of academic failures was 5.41 ± 6.38 (range: 1-33). Higher rates of HAF were observed among older and non-white dental students. Moreover, those who self-reported at least severe depression presented a 79% higher HAF prevalence ratio (PR) (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.15-2.80). Similar findings were detected among those who reported (PR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.06-4.46) or did not report (PR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.10-4.46) interest in dentistry as a first undergraduate option. Conversely, among women and students who did not choose dentistry as their first option, HAF was significantly lower (PR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21-0.80). CONCLUSION Higher HAF rates are observed in students who are older, non-white, and self-report at least severe depression. However, dentistry as a first option for undergraduate studies was not associated with HAF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maísa Casarin
- Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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McVoy M, Miller D, Bransteter I, Gubitosi-Klug R, Segal T, Surdam J, Sajatovic M, Dusek JA. A self-management plus mind body intervention for adolescents and young adults with type 2 diabetes: Trial design and methodological report. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 133:107317. [PMID: 37625585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Improving self-management skills and the mental health of this population is important, but understudied. METHODS The goal of this research was to develop a mind-body intervention which could serve as an adjunctive therapy to support AYAs with T2D (INTEND intervention). Toward that end, we used an iterative process, including use of focus groups, advisory board, and cognitive semi-structured interviews with patients, parents of patient and clinical providers, to understand the gaps in the current information provided to AYAs with T2D. Based on the data gathered from the focus groups and interviews, we enhanced an existing self-management intervention for adults with T2D to include an additional mind body intervention for AYAs with T2D. The INTEND intervention will be piloted in a group of AYAs with T2D. RESULTS This report describes the methodology and design of the InterveNTion for Early oNset type 2 Diabetes (INTEND) study. The details of this single arm pre-post pilot feasibility trial are described. DISCUSSION If successful, the INTEND approach has the potential to advance care for vulnerable youth with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McVoy
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (CWRU SOM), USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC), USA; Rainbow Babies and Children, UHCMC, USA.
| | | | | | - Rose Gubitosi-Klug
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (CWRU SOM), USA; Rainbow Babies and Children, UHCMC, USA
| | - Tracy Segal
- University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, USA
| | | | - Martha Sajatovic
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (CWRU SOM), USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC), USA
| | - Jeffery A Dusek
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (CWRU SOM), USA; University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, USA
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Costa FDS, Fernandez MDS, Silva-Junior IFD, Karam SA, Chisini LA, Goettems ML. Association Involving Possible Sleep Bruxism, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms in Brazilian University Students: A Cross-sectional Study. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:e317-e322. [PMID: 38196771 PMCID: PMC10773504 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the association regarding sleep bruxism (SB), depression, and stress in Brazilian university students. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a large-sample of university students ( n = 2,089) in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to classrooms to evaluate socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Possible SB was detected by self-report according to the International Consensus on The Assessment of Bruxism Criteria (2018). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to assess depression and stress symptoms respectively. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of possible SB, high level of stress, and depressive symptoms in the sample were of 20.4%, 16.6%, and 16.6% respectively. Stress in female students was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of possible SB, but not in male students. Regarding depression, the prevalence of SB was 28% higher in students with depressive symptoms. Students with stress or depression had a 35% higher prevalence of SB than those without any symptoms. Conclusion The findings have shown that university students with stress and depressive symptoms were more likely to be detected with possible SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine dos Santos Costa
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Freire da Silva-Junior
- Programa de Pós-gradução em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sarah Arangurem Karam
- Programa de Pós-gradução em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alexandre Chisini
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marília Leão Goettems
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-gradução em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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11
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Li Y, Shi DD, Wang Z. Adolescent nonpharmacological interventions for early-life stress and their mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114580. [PMID: 37453516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Those with a negative experience of psychosocial stress during the early stage of life not only have a high susceptibility of the psychiatric disorder in all phases of their life span, but they also demonstrate more severe symptoms and poorer response to treatment compared to those without a history of early-life stress. The interventions targeted to early-life stress may improve the effectiveness of treating and preventing psychiatric disorders. Brain regions associated with mood and cognition develop rapidly and own heightened plasticity during adolescence. So, manipulating nonpharmacological interventions in fewer side effects and higher acceptance during adolescence, which is a probable window of opportunity, may ameliorate or even reverse the constantly deteriorating impact of early-life stress. The present article reviews animal and people studies about adolescent nonpharmacological interventions for early-life stress. We aim to discuss whether those adolescent nonpharmacological interventions can promote individuals' psychological health who expose to early-life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Dong Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhao J. A qualitative study of the reasons for delayed medical treatment in adolescents with depression based on the health ecology model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1124397. [PMID: 37559744 PMCID: PMC10407104 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a prevalent mental health issue among adolescents, and timely treatment can prevent it from worsening. However, many adolescent depressed patients delay seeking medical treatment. To clarify the reasons for delayed medical treatment in adolescent depressed patients and to provide reference to help adolescent depressed patients to seek medical treatment on time. Methods From July 2022 to March 2023, a semi-structured interview was conducted using a purposive sampling method with adolescent depressed patients attending the Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 adolescent depression inpatients with delayed access to medical care were finally included as the study population. This study applied the phenomenological research method in qualitative research and used the Colaizzi seven-step data analysis method to analyze and refine the interview data. Results The study found that 22 adolescents with depression delayed medical care for 1-6 years, with a mean of 2.86 years. Six themes were identified as the reasons for delayed medical treatment: (1) inadequate levels of mental health literacy; (2) lack of disease-related knowledge and information; (3) negative emotional experiences; (4) negative attitudes toward health care; (5) inadequate medical insurance policy for psychotherapy; (6) unequal distribution of resources for mental health medical services. Conclusion The phenomenon of delayed medical treatment for adolescent depression patients should not be ignored. Efforts should be made to explore the trajectory of delayed illness in adolescents with depression, improve patient symptom assessment, improve poor patient experience, promote positive patient behavior, and improve the current situation of delayed medical treatment for adolescent depression patients through the joint efforts of individuals, families, schools, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Mental Health Center of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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13
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DeMaranville J, Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Wedding D. The Mediating Role of Precepts and Meditation on Attachment and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1923. [PMID: 37444756 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research shows that Buddhist precept adherence (i.e., abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxicant use) and meditation practice influence mental health outcomes. This study investigated how Buddhist precept adherence and meditation practice influenced the relationship between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms among Thai adolescents. A total of 453 Thai boarding-school students from 10th-12th grade were recruited from five boarding schools (two purposively selected Buddhist schools and three conveniently selected secular schools). They completed these tools: Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-revised-18, Outcome-Inventory-21: Depression Subscale, Precept Practice Questionnaire, and Inner-Strength-Based Inventory: Meditation. A parallel mediation model analyzed the indirect effects of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on depression through precept adherence and meditation practice. The participants' demographics were 16.35 ± 0.96 years, 88% female, and 89.4% Buddhist. The mean scores for attachment anxiety were 2.7 ± 1.1; attachment avoidance, 2.78 ± 1.2; overall regular precept adherence, 20.1 ± 4.4; regular but not daily meditation, 2.94 ± 1.3; and low depressive symptoms, 3.75 ± 3.4. The standardized indirect effects for attachment anxiety (β = 0.042, 95% CI = 0.022, 0.070) and avoidance (β = 0.024, 95% CI = 0.009, 0.046) on depressive symptoms through meditation and precept adherence were significant. Meditation practice had a significantly higher indirect effect size than precept adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Danny Wedding
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Clinical and Humanistic Psychology, Saybrook University, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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14
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Correll T, Gentile J, Correll A. Healthy Lifestyle Interventions Augmenting Psychotherapy in Anxiety and PTSD. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 20:18-26. [PMID: 37817811 PMCID: PMC10561983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle medicine is a new paradigm that shifts much of the responsibility toward the patient. There is increasing evidence that healthy lifestyle interventions can be effective treatment adjuncts for some of the most common mental illnesses. This article gives examples of how to integrate evidence-based, healthy lifestyle interventions into the overall treatment of common psychiatric conditions, including anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Correll
- Dr. T. Correll is Clinical Professor of the Department of Psychiatry at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio
| | - Julie Gentile
- Dr. Gentile is Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychiatry at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio
| | - Andrew Correll
- Mr. A. Correll is with Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine in Dayton, Ohio
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15
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Hammoudi Halat D, Soltani A, Dalli R, Alsarraj L, Malki A. Understanding and Fostering Mental Health and Well-Being among University Faculty: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4425. [PMID: 37445459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of mental health concerns in academia, with stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression being reported among faculty members. The demanding work environment, the need to balance personal and professional duties, and the constant pressure of productivity while navigating multiple tasks of teaching, research, mentorship, professional development, and service all impact the mental health and overall well-being of faculty. Higher education institutions have structurally changed as has the research landscape. These changes as well as faculty-specific and student-specific factors coupled to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to profound effects on the mental health of academics. This paper is a narrative review of the pertinent literature describing faculty mental health and well-being. It summarizes the available evidence on factors influencing faculty mental health and shows the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout among faculty from various academic fields and along the whole academic ladder. Using a suggested framework that collates the efforts of leaders and faculty, the paper concludes by exploring strategies that promote work-life balance among academics and suggesting effective interventions to improve their mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Abderrezzaq Soltani
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Roua Dalli
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Lama Alsarraj
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Malki
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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16
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Lanfredi M, Dagani J, Geviti A, Di Cosimo F, Bussolati M, Rillosi L, Albini D, Pizzi M, Ghidoni R, Fazzi E, Vita A, Rossi R. Risk and protective factors associated with mental health status in an Italian sample of students during the fourth wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:78. [PMID: 37365640 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, especially for young people. However, most studies were conducted during the first waves of the pandemic. Few Italian studies specifically attempted to broadly assess young people's mental health status during the fourth wave of the pandemic. METHODS This study aimed at evaluating the mental health status among a group of Italian adolescents and young adults during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. 11,839 high school students and 15,000 university students (age range 14-25) were asked to complete a multidimensional online survey, of which 7,146 (26,6%) agreed to participate. The survey also included standardized measures for depression, anxiety, anger, somatic symptoms, resilience, loneliness and post-traumatic growth. Two separate clusters were identified through cluster analysis. Random forest, classification tree and logistic regressions analyses were applied to identify factors associated to a good or a poor level of mental health and, thus, to define students' mental health profiles. RESULTS Overall, the students in our sample showed high levels of psychopathology. The clustering methods performed identified two separate clusters reflecting groups of students with different psychological features, that we further defined as "poor mental health" and "good mental health". The random forest and the logistic regressions found that the most discriminating variables among those two groups were: UCLA Loneliness Scale score, self-harm behaviors, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 score, satisfaction with family relationships, Fear of COVID-19 Scale score, gender and binge eating behaviors. The classification tree analysis identified students' profiles, showing that, globally, poor mental health was defined by higher scores of loneliness and self-harm, followed by being of female gender, presenting binge eating behaviors and, finally, having unsatisfying family relationships. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirmed the major psychological distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in a large sample of Italian students, and provided further insights regarding those factors associated with a good or poor mental health status. Our findings suggest the importance of implementing programs targeting aspects that have been found to be associated to a good mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Lanfredi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Dagani
- SIPEC Foundation, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Geviti
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Di Cosimo
- USR Lombardia, Ufficio IV Ambito Territoriale di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Via Pilastroni 4, 25125, Brescia, Italy.
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17
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Valinskas S, Nakrys M, Aleknavicius K, Jonusas J. Sensa Mobile App for Managing Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms: Pilot Cohort Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e40671. [PMID: 37052990 PMCID: PMC10141277 DOI: 10.2196/40671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms worldwide, attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, has been reported. If not treated, it may negatively affect a person's everyday life by altering physical and social well-being and productivity and increasing expenditure on health care. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions are gaining popularity as a means to reduce stress and alleviate anxiety and depression symptoms. Moreover, CBT delivered through a mobile app has the same elements as traditional CBT training (eg, guided discovery). However, unlike conventional training, users of mobile apps are allowed to tailor their own experience at their own speed and schedule. OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze Sensa users' retrospective data and explore the dose-duration effect to find the optimal usage time when the user showed results. METHODS The study cohort comprised 381 consecutive community-based nonclinical users who started using Sensa between October 2021 and March 2022. All users included in the study took the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) assessment at least 2 times. Other parameters from the database containing all self-reported data were gender, number of active days, total time of use, and age. The primary outcome of the study was a change in the DASS-21 score. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (version 9, GraphPad Software). In addition, a logistic regression model was created to predict how the obtained independent parameters influenced the DASS-21 score. RESULTS The main finding of our study was that the majority of participants who started using Sensa were experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (92.13%, 80.05%, and 87.93%, respectively). There was a statistically significant decrease of the DASS-21 subdomain scores after the use of the application (anxiety: mean 7.25, SD 4.03 vs mean 6.12, SD 4.00; P=.001; depression: mean 11.05, SD 4.26 vs mean 9.01, SD 4.77; P=.001; stress: mean 11.42, SD 3.44 vs mean 9.96, SD 3.65; P<.001). Finally, the logistic regression model showed that users who were using the app for more than 24 days and had at least 12 active days during that time had 3.463 (95% CI 1.142-11.93) and 2.644 (95% CI 1.024-7.127) times higher chances to reduce their DASS-21 subdomain scores of depression and anxiety, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Using the Sensa mobile app was related to decreased depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Justinas Jonusas
- KiloHealth, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Lithuania Business University of Applied Sciences, Klaipėda, Lithuania
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18
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Raman M, Vishnubhotla R, Ramay HR, Gonçalves MCB, Shin AS, Pawale D, Subramaniam B, Sadhasivam S. Isha yoga practices, vegan diet, and participation in Samyama meditation retreat: impact on the gut microbiome & metabolome - a non-randomized trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:107. [PMID: 37020274 PMCID: PMC10074366 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests a role for gut bacteria and their metabolites in host-signaling responses along the gut-brain axis which may impact mental health. Meditation is increasingly utilized to combat stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. However, its impact on the microbiome remains unclear. This study observes the effects of preparation and participation in an advanced meditation program (Samyama) implemented with a vegan diet including 50% raw foods, on gut microbiome and metabolites profiles. METHODS There were 288 subjects for this study. Stool samples were collected at 3-time points for meditators and household controls. Meditators prepared for 2 months for the Samyama, incorporating daily yoga and meditation practices with a vegan diet including 50% raw foods. Subjects were requested to submit stool samples for 3 time points - 2 months before Samyama (T1), right before Samyama (T2), and 3 months following Samyama (T3). 16 s rRNA sequencing was used to study participants' microbiome. Alpha and beta diversities along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) were assessed. Metabolomics were performed on a mass spectrometer coupled to a UHLPC system and analyzed by El-MAVEN software. RESULTS Alpha diversity showed no significant differences between meditators and controls, while beta diversity showed significant changes (padj = 0.001) after Samyama in meditators' microbiota composition. After the preparation phase, changes in branched short-chain fatty acids, higher levels of iso-valerate (padj = 0.02) and iso-buytrate (padj = 0.019) were observed at T2 in meditators. Other metabolites were also observed to have changed in meditators at timepoint T2. CONCLUSION This study examined the impact of an advanced meditation program combined with a vegan diet on the gut microbiome. There was an increase in beneficial bacteria even three months after the completion of the Samyama program. Further study is warranted to validate current observations and investigate the significance and mechanisms of action related to diet, meditation, and microbial composition and function, on psychological processes, including mood. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number: NCT04366544 ; Registered on 29/04/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyi Raman
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ramana Vishnubhotla
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hena R Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria C B Gonçalves
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea S Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dhanashri Pawale
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Balachundhar Subramaniam
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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19
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Pragya SU, Pragya SC, Griswold AJ, Gu E, Mehta ND, Uddin P, Veeramachaneni P, Mehta N, Mehta D, Abomoelak B. Preksha Dhyāna Meditation Effect on the DNA Methylation Signature in College Students. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2023; 29:224-233. [PMID: 36749149 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The stress and psychological factors affect the human transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes. Preksha Dhyana meditation (PM) was found to be effective, in novice healthy college student meditators, at the cognitive skills and transcriptomic levels. Recently published data showed that PM induced alterations at the transcriptome level in healthy and novice college students. Methods: To decipher potential mechanisms underlying the PM effect at the cellular level, array-based methylation analyses in peripheral blood were performed at baseline and 8 weeks postintervention in 34 participants. Results: Overall, 470 CpG sites were nominally differentially methylated (p ≤ 0.05 and change magnitude from ≥3% to ≤ -3%) between baseline and 8 weeks postintervention with 180 sites hypermethylated and 290 sites hypomethylated. Pathway analysis of the genes linked to the differentially methylated sites revealed the enrichment of several molecular and cellular signaling pathways, especially metabolic and brain function signaling pathways. Conclusions: Besides its beneficial effects on cognitive skills and transcriptome alterations, the current data indicate that PM meditation also affects the DNA methylation profile of novice and healthy college students 8 weeks postintervention. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03779269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samani U Pragya
- Department of Religions and Philosophies, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samani C Pragya
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Esther Gu
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Neelam D Mehta
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Parvin Uddin
- College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Naina Mehta
- Neurodevelopmental Pediatrician, Behavioral and Developmental Center, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Devendra Mehta
- Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Bassam Abomoelak
- Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
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20
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Pinto NV, Sarmento VDSM, Sousa R, Girão ÁC, Frota MA. School-Based meditation in adolescents: an integrative literature review. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:159-165. [PMID: 36655718 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2022-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Utility of cognitive-behavioral practice interventions in school settings have been discussed by the scientific community regarding their possibility of insertion in the educational field. In this way, this review article analyzes the scientific production on the practice of meditation offered at school in adolescents, since the appropriation of studies that point to reflections and perspectives of meditative practice can favor the development of new pedagogical trajectories in the school environment. CONTENT The electronic databases VHL, PubMed, and CAPES were consulted, using the combination of the terms related to meditation, adolescents, and school. This analysis resulted in eight articles, including field research and reviews, published between 2010 and 2021. SUMMARY The articles showed improvement in emotional coping skills, social relationships, self-regulation, control of mood levels, stress, depression, and anger, and significant gains in self-reflection and academic attention. They pointed out that elementary and high school students present more significant responses, and these factors, such as duration, frequency, and systematization of the session, can interfere with these responses. OUTLOOK These results indicate that meditation practice in adolescents can be a valuable strategy for health promotion and educational training in the school environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilson Vieira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Áthila Campos Girão
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil
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21
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Iruegas Herrera MF, González Ramírez MT. Terapia integrativa para la reducción del estrés infantil durante la pandemia de COVID-19. PSICUMEX 2023. [DOI: 10.36793/psicumex.v13i1.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
El presente estudio propone analizar la eficacia de la terapia que integra el enfoque cognitivo conductual y el centrado en soluciones para reducir el estrés infantil ocasionado por el COVID-19. La modalidad empleada fue mediante un taller en línea, el cual consistió en 5 sesiones semanales, en dónde se aplicaron las estrategias de reestructuración cognitiva, psicoeducación, solución de problemas, adiestramiento en autoinstrucciones, mindfulness, pregunta escala y excepciones. Se contó con la asistencia de siete personas (cinco niñas y dos niños) de entre 9 y 12 años, quienes mediante la evaluación del inventario de estrés cotidiano infantil demostraron una disminución en el estrés percibido; y, en el Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, un aumento en habilidades de relajación y atención plena. La prueba no paramétrica de rangos Wilcoxon indicó cambios significativos y con el tamaño de efecto encontrado se puede concluir que el taller en línea, diseñado con técnicas cognitivo conductuales y centrada en soluciones, es una buena opción para tratar temas de estrés en la población infantil.
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22
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Grande AJ, Hoffmann MS, Evans-Lacko S, Ziebold C, de Miranda CT, Mcdaid D, Tomasi C, Ribeiro WS. Efficacy of school-based interventions for mental health problems in children and adolescents in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 13:1012257. [PMID: 36684024 PMCID: PMC9852982 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1012257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Implementation of interventions to treat child and adolescent mental health problems in schools could help fill the mental health care gap in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most of the evidence available come from systematic reviews on mental health prevention and promotion, and there is less evidence on treatment strategies that can be effectively delivered in schools. The aim of this review was to identify what school-based interventions have been tested to treat children and adolescents in LMICs, and how effective they are. Methods We conducted a systematic review including seven electronic databases. The search was carried out in October 2022. We included randomised or non-randomised studies that evaluated school-based interventions for children or adolescents aged 6-18 years living in LMICs and who had, or were at risk of developing, one or more mental health problems. Results We found 39 studies with 43 different pairwise comparisons, treatment for attention-deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD), anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Conduct disorder (CD). Pooled SMD were statistically significant and showed that, overall, interventions were superior to comparators for PTSD (SMD = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.37-0.86), not statistically significant for anxiety (SMD = 0.11; 95% CI = -0.13 to 0.36), ADHD (SMD = 0.36; 95% CI = -0.15 to 0.87), and for depression (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI = -0.47 to 2.07). For CD the sample size was very small, so the results are imprecise. Conclusion A significant effect was found if we add up all interventions compared to control, suggesting that, overall, interventions delivered in the school environment are effective in reducing mental health problems among children and adolescents. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=129376], identifier [CRD42019129376].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jose Grande
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Scopel Hoffmann
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Ziebold
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - David Mcdaid
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiane Tomasi
- Department of Public Health, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Wagner Silva Ribeiro
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
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Leung T, Yang T, Xiao L, Xu C, Zhu C. Effects of Mobile Mindfulness Meditation on the Mental Health of University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e39128. [PMID: 36596239 PMCID: PMC9856434 DOI: 10.2196/39128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile mindfulness meditation (MMM) is a mindfulness meditation intervention implemented using mobile devices such as smartphones and apps. MMM has been used to help manage the mental health of university students. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MMM on the mental health of university students in the areas of stress, anxiety, depression, mindfulness, well-being, and resilience. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of MMM on the mental health of university students. This study followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. An electronic literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, from inception to July 16, 2021. This study was conducted to identify studies that reported the effects of MMM on the primary outcomes including stress, anxiety, and depression, and on the secondary outcomes including mindfulness, well-being, and resilience. Two reviewers retrieved articles, evaluated quality, and extracted data independently. The methodological quality of the selected studies was determined using the Cochrane criteria for risk-of-bias assessment. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes were calculated. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were performed for results with high heterogeneity. The RevMan version 5.3 was used to perform meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 10 studies, including 958 university students, were selected for this meta-analysis. Results of the primary outcome showed that the MMM groups were more effective than the control groups in decreasing stress (SMD -0.41, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.23; P<.001) and alleviating anxiety (SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.50 to -0.09; P=.004). However, there was no difference between the MMM groups and the control groups in depression (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.30 to 0.03; P=.11). The use of either waitlist control or traditional face-to-face intervention in the control group was identified as the source of heterogeneity. Specifically, the waitlist control subgroup (SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.13; P=.002) was superior when compared with the face-to-face subgroup (SMD 0.29, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.59; P=.06). Results of the secondary outcome showed that the MMM groups were more effective than the control groups in enhancing well-being (SMD 0.30, 95% CI 0.11-0.50; P=.003) and improving mindfulness (SMD 2.66, 95% CI 0.77-4.55; P=.006). Whether commercial sponsorship was obtained was considered as the source of heterogeneity. The "without company support" group (SMD 17.60, 95% CI 11.32-23.87; P<.001) was superior to the "with company support" group (SMD 1.17, 95% CI -0.82 to 3.15; P=.25) in raising the level of mindfulness. However, there was no difference between the MMM and control groups in resilience (SMD -0.06, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.15; P=.59). The evidence level of the results from the 10 studies was determined to be moderate to low. CONCLUSIONS MMM was an effective method to reduce stress and anxiety, and to increase the well-being and mindfulness of university students. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42022303585; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=303585.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxia Xu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunqin Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Schulte‐Frankenfeld PM, Trautwein F. App-based mindfulness meditation reduces perceived stress and improves self-regulation in working university students: A randomised controlled trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 14:1151-1171. [PMID: 34962055 PMCID: PMC9788174 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether a brief mindfulness meditation programme delivered via a smartphone app improves perceived stress, self-regulation and life satisfaction in part-time working university students. Mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal were analysed as potential mediators. A total of 64 university students working at least 20 h per week during the semester were randomised to either a mindfulness-based mobile intervention or a wait-list control condition. Participants in the intervention group were asked to complete one training session of 10-15 min per day using the app. Psychological measures were assessed via a self-report questionnaire at baseline and after 8 weeks. The online mindfulness programme was found to significantly decrease perceived stress (ηp 2 = .180, a large effect). It also increased self-regulation (ηp 2 = .195, a large effect), mindfulness (ηp 2 = .174; a large effect) and cognitive reappraisal (ηp 2 = .136, a medium effect). Increments in life satisfaction were not significant. Changes in self-regulation were mediated by increased mindfulness. Overall, the mobile application was effective in improving mental well-being and coping abilities in a non-clinical sample, encouraging further development of digital health treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fynn‐Mathis Trautwein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany,Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental HealthFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
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Melguizo-Ibáñez E, González-Valero G, Ubago-Jiménez JL, Puertas-Molero P. Resilience, Stress, and Burnout Syndrome According to Study Hours in Spanish Public Education School Teacher Applicants: An Explanatory Model as a Function of Weekly Physical Activity Practice Time. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12090329. [PMID: 36135133 PMCID: PMC9495764 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection process for the teaching profession in public elementary education is difficult, which can lead to the appearance of disruptive states in applicants. For this reason, the present study aimed to establish the relationship between study hours and the levels of stress, burnout, and resilience in applicants to the Spanish public teaching profession. Accordingly, this objective was achieved by (a) developing an explanatory model of study hours according to levels of stress, burnout, and resilience, and (b) contrasting this model through a multigroup analysis according to whether students performed more than 3 h of physical activity per week. A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 4117 applicants (31.03 ± 6.800), using an ad hoc socio-demographic questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale for data collection. The results revealed that participants who practiced more than 3 h of physical activity per week showed lower levels of stress and burnout syndrome, manifesting higher levels of resilience. Furthermore, better associations between resilience and the other constructs were also observed for people who practiced more than 3 h of physical activity per week. In conclusion, the practice of physical activity can help to decrease stress and develop key elements for the selective exam of the Spanish public teaching corps.
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Utilization of Mind–Body Intervention for Integrative Health Care of COVID-19 Patients and Survivors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116618. [PMID: 35682203 PMCID: PMC9180827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest a correlation between COVID-19 and diabetes, although the underlying causes are still little understood. COVID-19 infection tends to induce severe symptoms in patients with underlying diabetes, increasing their mortality rate. Moreover, COVID-19 itself appears to be a diabetogenic factor. In addition, mental health conditions, such as depression due to lockdown and anxiety about infection, were found to affect glycemic control and immunity, highlighting the importance of mental health care during the pandemic. Mind–Body Intervention (MBI), which includes meditation, yoga, and qigong, has emerged as a tool for mental health management due to its effects on stress reduction and the promotion of mental and physical well-being. Here, we review the latest randomized controlled trials to determine the effects of MBI on glycemic control and the immune system and discuss the underlying mechanisms by which MBI facilitates the virtuous cycle of stress management, glycemic control, and immune modulation. Furthermore, we examine the actual utilization of MBI during the COVID-19 pandemic era through recent studies. With proper online education, non-pharmacological MBI may be more widely used as an important tool for self-health care that complements the usual treatment of COVID-19 patients and survivors.
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Lv Y, Gao Y, Tang B, Cheng F, Chen Z, Wu J, Yang H, Liu X. The impact of school life and family involvement on Western China junior high school students’ wellbeing at multidimensional levels. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:106. [PMID: 35366942 PMCID: PMC8975725 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The focus of students’ health concerns has gradually progressed from the single factor of physical health to comprehensive health factors, and the physical and mental health of students are now generally considered together. This study focuses on exploring the status of junior high school students’ physical health and their subjective health assessment with the major societal factors that affect students’ lives: School Life and Family involvement. In addition, we explore the main factors influencing students’ subjective health. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 190 Tibetan junior high school students in the Maozhuang Township. The intentional sampling was used to choose the research object. The structured questionnaire comprised four parts, namely social and demographic information, family condition, school life, and subjective health quality which was assessed by PROMIS (Chinese version of the Pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System). Result The average height and weight of boys and girls are statistically different (p-values of 0.026 and 0.044, respectively), but there is no statistically significant difference in BMI (Body Mass Index) between boys and girls (p-value of 0.194). The average values of the five dimensions of depression, anger, anxiety, fatigue, and peer relationships in the PROMIS of the research subjects were 58.9 ± 5.3, 53.3 ± 8.0, 58.1 ± 7.3, 52.8 ± 8.0, 39.3 ± 6.6. In the demographic dimension, the grade was the main factor influencing anger (p < 0.01) and fatigue (p < 0.01), while gender was related to peer relationships (p = 0.02). In the family dimension, the father’s educational level was related to peer relationships (p = 0.05), while the family financial situation was related to depression (p = 0.01). In the school life dimension, relationship with classmates was found to affect anger (p = 0.05), while homework was related to anxiety (p = 0.02) and fatigue (p = 0.05). Conclusion the physical health index BMI and subjective health evaluation of students are worse than students of more developed areas in China. Their family environment and school life all have varying degrees of impact on the five subjective health outcomes. There are differences in gender and grade level. The government and society need to pay more attention to the physical and mental health of students in remote and underdeveloped areas and improve their health through a student nutrition plan and the establishment of mental health offices.
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Meditation and Five Precepts Mediate the Relationship between Attachment and Resilience. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9030371. [PMID: 35327743 PMCID: PMC8947555 DOI: 10.3390/children9030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Secure attachment is fundamental to the development of resilience among adolescents. The present study investigated whether meditation and precept practices influence the relationship between attachment and resilience. This study recruited 453 10th−12th-grade boarding school students who completed the Experience of Close Relationship Questionnaire (revised), Resilience Inventory, Inner Strength-Based Inventory, and Precept Practice to assess attachment, resilience, meditation practice, and precepts adherence. The participants’ mean age was 16.35 ± 0.96 years; 87.9% were females, and 89.2% were Buddhists. A parallel mediation model within the structural equation framework was used for an analysis of the indirect effect of attachment on resilience through meditation and precept practices. The indirect effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance on resilience were β = −0.086, 95% CI = −0.125, −0.054, p < 0.001, and β = −0.050, 95% CI = −0.088, −0.021, p = 0.006, respectively. The indirect effect size resulting from meditation was significantly higher than that resulting from observance of the precepts. The parallel mediation model explained the 33% variance of the resilience scores, compared with 23% from the direct effect of attachment anxiety and avoidance only. This work provides evidence that meditation and precepts significantly affect the relationship between attachment and resilience.
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Melguizo-Ibáñez E, Zurita-Ortega F, Ubago-Jiménez JL, López-Gutiérrez CJ, González-Valero G. An explanatory model of the relationships between sport motivation, anxiety and physical and social self-concept in educational sciences students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMotivation plays a key role in the physical-sports field, in the control of disruptive states and in the mental image that people have of themselves. In view of the above, the present study reflects the objectives of identifying and establishing the relationship between sport motivation, anxiety, physical self-concept and social self-concept, broken down into (a) developing an explanatory model of sport motivation and its relationship with anxiety and social and physical self-concept and (b) contrasting the structural model by means of a multi-group analysis according to sex. To this end, a quantitative, non-experimental (ex post facto), comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 556 students (23.06 ± 6.23). The instruments used were an ad hoc questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Self-Concept Form-5. The results show that the male sex orients sport motivation towards climate, obtaining higher levels of anxiety, however, the female sex, anxiety has a negative impact on the development of social self-concept. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that gender is a fundamental factor in the orientation of sport practice, as well as the development of anxiety and physical and social self-concept.
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30
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Li J, Zhang YY, Cong XY, Ren SR, Tu XM, Wu JF. 5-min mindfulness audio induction alleviates psychological distress and sleep disorders in patients with COVID-19. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:576-584. [PMID: 35097083 PMCID: PMC8771375 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i2.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness meditation is beneficial to mitigate the negative effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the general population, but no study examined such meditation in the COVID-19 patients themselves.
AIM To explore the short-term efficacy of mindfulness meditation in alleviating psychological distress and sleep disorders in patients with COVID-19.
METHODS This prospective study enrolled patients with mild COVID-19 treated at Wuhan Fangcang Hospital in February 2020. The patients were voluntarily divided into either a mindfulness or a conventional intervention group. The patients were evaluated before/after the intervention using the Short Inventory of Mindfulness Capability (SMI-C), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
RESULTS Seventy-five participants were enrolled in this study, with 43 and 32 in the mindfulness and conventional groups, respectively. Before the intervention, there were no differences in SMI-C, HADS, or PSQI scores between the two groups. After the 2-wk intervention, the mindfulness level (from 30.16 ± 5.58 to 35.23 ± 5.95, P < 0.001) and sleep quality (from 12.85 ± 3.06 to 9.44 ± 3.86, P < 0.001) were significantly increased in the mindfulness group. There were no differences in the conventional group. After the intervention, the mindfulness level (35.23 ± 5.95 vs 31.17 ± 6.50, P = 0.006) and sleep quality (9.44 ± 3.86 vs 11.87 ± 4.06, P = 0.011) were significantly higher in the mindfulness group than in the conventional group. Depression decreased in the mindfulness group (from 14.15 ± 3.21 to 12.50 ± 4.01, P = 0.038), but there was no difference between the two groups.
CONCLUSION Short-term mindfulness meditation can increase the mindfulness level, improve the sleep quality, and decrease the depression of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun-Yun Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Cong
- Department of Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu-Rong Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Tu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Gaiotto EMG, Trapé CA, Campos CMS, Fujimori E, Carrer FCDA, Nichiata LYI, Cordeiro L, de Bortoli MC, Yonekura T, Toma TS, Soares CB. Response to college students' mental health needs: a rapid review. Rev Saude Publica 2022; 55:114. [PMID: 35019050 PMCID: PMC8687654 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present strategic options to support the adoption of mental health strengthening policies for university students in the field of health, to be implemented by university institutions. METHODS Rapid review, without period delimitation, with searches carried out from May to June 2020, in 21 sources of bibliographic data, including gray literature. The following keywords were used: mental health, students and university. The selection process prioritized systematic reviews of mental health interventions for university students in health care courses, and also considered other types of review and relevant primary studies. RESULTS Forty-five studies were included: 34 systematic reviews, an evidence synthesis, an overview, a scope review, three narrative reviews, three experience reports and two opinion articles. The evidence from these studies supported the development of four options: 1) to establish and support policies to strengthen the mental health of students in health care courses; 2) to integrate mental health care programs, expand their offer and facilitate access by students; 3) to promote educational programs and communication strategies related to contemporary psychic suffering and its confrontation, so that students can get to know the services and resources and identify strengthening practices; 4) to continuously monitor and assess the mental health needs of students in health care courses. CONCLUSIONS The options are challenging and require universities to establish institutional commissions to implement a policy to strengthen the mental health of university students in the health area, with the ability to recognize the different health needs, including manifestations of psychic suffering ; to integrate the university's internal actions with each other and with the services of the Unified Health System; to implement and monitor the actions that make up the mental health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana Maria Grando Gaiotto
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de EnfermagemDepartamento de Enfermagem em Saúde ColetivaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem. Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carla Andrea Trapé
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de EnfermagemDepartamento de Enfermagem em Saúde ColetivaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem. Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Celia Maria Sivalli Campos
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de EnfermagemDepartamento de Enfermagem em Saúde ColetivaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem. Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elizabeth Fujimori
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de EnfermagemDepartamento de Enfermagem em Saúde ColetivaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem. Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Campos de Almeida Carrer
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de OdontologiaDepartamento de Odontologia SocialSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia. Departamento de Odontologia Social. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Lucia Yassuko Izumi Nichiata
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de EnfermagemDepartamento de Enfermagem em Saúde ColetivaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem. Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciana Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de MedicinaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Medicina. Curso de Terapia Ocupacional. Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Maritsa Carla de Bortoli
- Secretaria de Estado da SaúdeInstituto de SaúdeSão PauloSPBrasilSecretaria de Estado da Saúde. Instituto de Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Yonekura
- Hospital do CoraçãoLaboratório de Implementação do Conhecimento em SaúdeSão PauloSPBrasilHospital do Coração. Laboratório de Implementação do Conhecimento em Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tereza Setsuko Toma
- Secretaria de Estado da SaúdeInstituto de SaúdeSão PauloSPBrasilSecretaria de Estado da Saúde. Instituto de Saúde. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cassia Baldini Soares
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de EnfermagemDepartamento de Enfermagem em Saúde ColetivaSão PauloSPBrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem. Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Bao J, Li P, Guo Y, Zheng Y, Smolinski M, He J. Caffeine is negatively associated with depression in patients aged 20 and older. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1037579. [PMID: 36532163 PMCID: PMC9751366 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1037579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have observed the association between caffeine intake and depression, but few have considered the potential threshold effect of this issue. Therefore, the study aimed to examine the association between caffeine consumption and depression in patients aged 20 years or older using curve fitting analysis. METHODS The population was 3,263 patients from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with reliable answers to questions of caffeine intake and depression. Participants' depression levels were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale and the caffeine consumption were investigated in a private room of NHANES. The confounding variables of this study included level of education, monthly sleepiness, age, marital status, race, cigarette smoking, sex and recreational activities. RESULTS In linear regression analysis, patients with a higher PHQ-9 score tend to have less caffeine intake. A similar conclusion was drawn in logistic regression model using PHQ-9 ≥ 10 as a cut-off score for depression. But when caffeine intake exceeded 90 mg, there was no significant association between caffeine intake and depression based on the curve fitting analysis. DISCUSSION These results suggest that people can consume some caffeine to reduce depression. But further study is needed to examine the precise causal relationship between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peile Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanxu Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Michael Smolinski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jinshen He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hariri S, Vishnubhotla RV, Reed PU, Rayapuraju A, Orui H, Balachundhar P, Sadhasivam S, Subramaniam B. Online guided meditation training (Isha Kriya) improves self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression within 2 weeks of practice-An observational study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:944973. [PMID: 36213913 PMCID: PMC9539931 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.944973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety and depression have increased dramatically 2-3-fold with the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an urgent need for safe, cost-effective, and scalable approaches to alleviate this parallel mental health pandemic. Meditation has previously been shown to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Furthermore, online delivery of mind-body interventions will be impactful in addressing disparities in access to mental healthcare. In this observational pilot study, we investigate the impact of a digitally delivered guided meditation followed by daily practice on symptoms of anxiety and depression. METHODS Initially, 57 male and 202 female subjects enrolled in this study. Participants attended a webinar where they learned the Isha Kriya meditation practice. They were subsequently requested to perform the intervention daily for 6 weeks. Subjects were given scales to assess anxiety and depression at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 weeks following the training. The changes in the self-reported anxiety and depression scores were examined by the linear mixed effect models. RESULTS Participants completed survey responses for the following time points: baseline (n = 82), week 2 (n = 58), week 4 (n = 37), and week 6 (n = 28). During the 6 weeks of the study over 68% of subjects were compliant with their daily practice. When comparing baseline with week 2, the mean anxiety scores decreased from 25.4 to 16.8 (p < 0.01, d = 1.31). Similarly, mean depression scores decreased from 15 to 8.81 (p < 0.01, d = 0.9). The reduced scores for both anxiety and depression were maintained at weeks 4 and 6. CONCLUSION This preliminary study assesses the effectiveness of online meditation training on self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. After 2 weeks of practice, those with baseline anxiety and depression showed significant improvement with a large effect size. The results from weeks 4 and 6 show sustained reduced anxiety and depression symptoms. These findings suggest that daily Isha Kriya practice could alleviate symptoms of these conditions. Future studies utilizing randomized control trials should be conducted to rigorously evaluate the benefits of this meditation practice on anxiety and depression. TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05065476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Hariri
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ramana V Vishnubhotla
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Preeti Upadhyay Reed
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Akila Rayapuraju
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hibiki Orui
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pavitra Balachundhar
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Balachundhar Subramaniam
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Do Brief Mindfulness Interventions (BMI) and Health Enhancement Programs (HEP) Improve Sleep in Patients in Hemodialysis with Depression and Anxiety? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111410. [PMID: 34828457 PMCID: PMC8621877 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: to determine if a brief mindfulness intervention (BMI) and a health education program (HEP) could improve measures of insomnia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. (2) Methods: this was a planned secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of BMI vs. HEP for hemodialysis patients with depression and/or anxiety symptoms. The primary outcome for the analysis was the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). The secondary outcome was consolidation of daily inactivity (ConDI), an actigraphy measure that describes sleep continuity and is based on a sleep detection algorithm validated by polysomnography. We also explored whether changes in AIS and ConDI were associated with changes in depression, anxiety, and quality of life scores over 8-week follow-up. (3) Results: BMI and HEP groups did not differ significantly from one another. Exposure to BMI or HEP improved sleep quality (baseline AIS 9.9 (±5.0) vs. 8-week follow-up 6.4 (±3.9), (V = 155.5, p = 0.015)), but not ConDI. Improvements in AIS were associated with lower depression scores (Rho = 0.57, p = 0.01) and higher quality-of-life scores (Rho = 0.46, p = 0.04). (4) Conclusions: mindfulness and HEP may be helpful interventions to improve self-reported sleep quality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Decreases in insomnia scores were associated with decreased depression symptoms and increased quality of life scores.
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Conejo-Cerón S, Taubner S, Heinonen E, Adler A, Barkauskiene R, Di Giacomo D, Ioannou Y, Mestre JM, Henriques MR, Mota CP, Protić S, Raleva M, Vieira FM, Røssberg JI, Sales CMD, Saliba A, Schmidt SJ, Perdih TS, Ulberg R, Volkert J, Moreno-Peral P. Mediators in Psychological Treatments for Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents and Young People: A Protocol of a Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708436. [PMID: 34367033 PMCID: PMC8333613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anxiety and depressive disorders are a significant problem that starts in childhood or adolescence and should be addressed early to avoid chronic mental conditions. There is strong evidence to demonstrate that psychological treatments are effective for these disorders, however, little is known on mediators and mechanisms of change of psychological treatment in adolescents and young adults. Understanding the pathways through which psychological treatments operate will facilitate more effective treatments. Aim We aim to conduct a systematic review, exploring the available evidence on mediators of psychological treatments for anxiety and depression in adolescents and young adults. Methods A systematic search has been performed on PubMed and PsycINFO databases to identify studies from inception to 23rd February 2020. Eligible studies include randomized controlled trials and trials (quasi-experimental) designs that have enrolled adolescents and young adults presenting with depression and/or anxiety and that have examined mediators of psychological treatments. A group of 20 reviewers from the COST-Action TREATme (CA16102) divided into 10 pairs independently screen studies for inclusion, extract information from the included studies, and assess the methodological quality of the included studies and the requirements for mediators. The methodological quality will be assessed by The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Extracted data from the included studies will be collected and presented using a narrative approach. Discussion This systematic review will summarize and provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on mediators of psychological treatments for anxiety and depression for adolescents and young adults. Results will allow the identification of strategies to optimize intervention to enhance clinical outcomes. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required. Findings from this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences and meetings. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021234641.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svenja Taubner
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erkki Heinonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asta Adler
- Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Dina Di Giacomo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Yianna Ioannou
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jose M Mestre
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Margarida Rangel Henriques
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinheiro Mota
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Educação e Psicologia, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sonja Protić
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Raleva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Clinic Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Filipa Mucha Vieira
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jan Ivar Røssberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Psychiatric Research Unit, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Célia M D Sales
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Saliba
- University of Malta, Mental Health Services Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Randi Ulberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jana Volkert
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wu S, Adamsk K. Intervention effect of cognitive behaviour therapy under suicidology on psychological stress and emotional depression of college students. Work 2021; 69:697-709. [PMID: 34120946 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suicide of college students had been a social topic attracting people's attention, and the generation of suicidal ideation was an inevitable link in the psychological process of suicidal behavior. It was the focus of many researches whether the pressure of college students with suicidal ideation can be detected and relieved in time. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of cognitive behaviour therapy on psychological stress, depression, and other negative emotions of college students with suicide ideation. METHODS 114 people from 1,158 college students with suicide ideation in the Wuhan area were divided into an experimental group and a control group in this study. Students in the experimental group were given with the cognitive behaviour therapy, and students in the control group were not intervened in any way. The suicide ideation scale (despair, optimism, and sleep), psychological stress test rating, and self-reporting inventory (somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, delusion, and psychosis) were used to evaluate the objects in the pre-test stage, intermediate-test stage, and the tracking-test stage. The multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of the suicide ideation of the college student. RESULTS The suicide ideation of the college student was significantly positively correlated with the psychological stress, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and psychosis (P > 0.05); the total score of suicide ideation, despair, optimism, and sleep in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05) in the intermediate-test stage and the tracking-test stage (P < 0.05); the psychological stress, depression, and anxiety of the college students in the experimental group in the intermediate-test and tracking-test stage were slighter than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the somatization, compulsion, and interpersonal relationship of students in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The psychological stress, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and psychosis were all risk factors for the college student to have suicide ideation. Negative emotions such as psychological stress, emotional depression, and anxiety of the college student with suicide ideation could be improved effectively by cognitive behaviour therapy, and the level of suicide ideation could be reduced finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Susceptibility of Women to Cardiovascular Disease and the Prevention Potential of Mind-Body Intervention by Changes in Neural Circuits and Cardiovascular Physiology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050708. [PMID: 34068722 PMCID: PMC8151888 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have been reported to be more vulnerable to the development, prognosis and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, yet the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and strategies to overcome them are still relatively undeveloped. Studies show that women's brains are more sensitive to factors affecting mental health such as depression and stress than men's brains. In women, poor mental health increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and conversely, cardiovascular disease increases the incidence of mental illness such as depression. In connection with mental health and cardiovascular health, the presence of gender differences in brain activation, cortisol secretion, autonomic nervous system, vascular health and inflammatory response has been observed. This connection suggests that strategies to manage women's mental health can contribute to preventing cardiovascular disease. Mind-body interventions, such as meditation, yoga and qigong are forms of exercise that strive to actively manage both mind and body. They can provide beneficial effects on stress reduction and mental health. They are also seen as structurally and functionally changing the brain, as well as affecting cortisol secretion, blood pressure, heart rate variability, immune reactions and reducing menopausal symptoms, thus positively affecting women's cardiovascular health. In this review, we investigate the link between mental health, brain activation, HPA axis, autonomic nervous system, blood pressure and immune system associated with cardiovascular health in women and discuss the effects of mind-body intervention in modulating these factors.
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Duffy B, Rose-Wiles LM, Loesch MM. Contemplating library instruction: Integrating contemplative practices in a mid-sized academic library. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Aguiar KR, Bilhalva JB, Cabelleira MD, Guimarães GO, Madureira T, Agako A, de Souza MS, Souza LDDM. The impact of mindfulness on suicidal behavior: a systematic review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021; 44:e20210316. [PMID: 34551465 PMCID: PMC9907375 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have been growing progressively as treatment options in the field of mental health. Aim: To assess the impact of mindfulness-based interventions for reducing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. METHODS A systematic review was performed in December 2020 using PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SciELO, Pepsic, and LILACS databases with no year restrictions. The search strategy included the terms ('mindfulness' OR 'mindfulness-based') AND ('suicide' OR 'suicidal' OR 'suicide risk' OR 'suicide attempt' OR 'suicide ideation' OR 'suicide behavior'). The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42020219514. RESULTS A total of 14 studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Most of the studies presented Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy as the MBI assessed (n=10). An emerging and rapidly growing literature on MBI presents promising results in reduction of suicide risk, particularly in patients with MDD. Four studies assessing other MBI treatment protocols (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction; Daily Mindfulness Meditation Practice; Mind Body Awareness and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy) all demonstrated that MBI reduces factors associated with suicide risk. CONCLUSION MBI might target specific processes and contribute to suicide risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyara Rodrigues de Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do ComportamentoUFRGSPorto AlegreRSBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Bierhals Bilhalva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e ComportamentoUniversidade Católica de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Dias Cabelleira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e ComportamentoUniversidade Católica de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giovanna Oliveira Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e ComportamentoUniversidade Católica de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Madureira
- Departamento de PsicologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio GrandeRio GrandeRSBrazilDepartamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Arela Agako
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanadaDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Marília Silva de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e ComportamentoUniversidade Católica de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e ComportamentoUniversidade Católica de PelotasPelotasRSBrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Padial-Ruz R, Puga-González ME, Céspedes-Jiménez Á, Cabello-Manrique D. Determining Factors in the Use of Urban Parks That Influence the Practice of Physical Activity in Children: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3648. [PMID: 33807466 PMCID: PMC8037159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The design and/or remodelling of urban parks is a good health strategy to alleviate the lack of physical activity (PA) in children and, consequently, the different health problems derived from this. The main objective of the present study was to obtain a systematic review of the design features and characteristics that influence users' visits to urban parks and the PA engagement in them. A literature search was carried out in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases during the months of June and July 2020. After considering and applying inclusion criteria, the final review sample was formed of 31 scientific papers published between 2010-2020. The results obtained in the review lead us to conclude that the needs of the population (children and family members who care for them) and socio-economic context of the area in which they are built must be considered when constructing and/or remodelling parks. Involving community members in playground renovations can have a positive effect on park use and PA engagement in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Padial-Ruz
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mª Esther Puga-González
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Céspedes-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (Á.C.-J.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - David Cabello-Manrique
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (Á.C.-J.); (D.C.-M.)
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Sorsdahl K, van der Westhuizen C, Neuman M, Weiss HA, Myers B. Addressing the mental health needs of adolescents in South African communities: a protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:69. [PMID: 33726830 PMCID: PMC7961162 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like many low- and middle-income countries, almost half of the proportion of the South African population is under the age of 25. Given the peak age of onset for most mental health problems is in adolescence, it is vital that adolescents have access to mental health counselling. There are several initiatives to increase access to mental health counselling in South Africa, primarily through the integration of counselling for common mental disorders (CMD) into primary health care services, but adolescents (15-18 years of age) generally do not utilize these services. To address this gap, we will undertake a study to explore the feasibility of conducting a trial of the effectiveness of a community-based mental health counselling intervention for adolescents at-risk for a CMD. METHODS The study is a feasibility trial of the ASPIRE intervention, a four-session blended multi-component counselling intervention adapted for South African adolescents at risk for depression and alcohol use disorders. We will enrol 100 adolescents from community settings and randomly assign them to the ASPIRE intervention or a comparison condition. Feasibility measures, such as rates of recruitment, consent to participate in the trial and retention, will be calculated. Qualitative interviews with participants and counsellors will explore the acceptability of the intervention. The primary outcomes for a subsequent trial would be reductions in symptoms of depression and days of heavy drinking which will be measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months post-randomization. DISCUSSION This feasibility trial using a mixed-methods design will allow us to determine whether we can move forward to a larger effectiveness trial of the ASPIRE intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR20200352214510). Registered 28 February 2020-retrospectively registered, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9795.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sorsdahl
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - C van der Westhuizen
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Neuman
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - H A Weiss
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - B Myers
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Karnatovskaia LV, Johnson MM, Varga K, Highfield JA, Wolfrom BD, Philbrick KL, Ely EW, Jackson JC, Gajic O, Ahmad SR, Niven AS. Stress and Fear: Clinical Implications for Providers and Patients (in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond). Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:2487-2498. [PMID: 33153636 PMCID: PMC7606075 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we explore the role of stress, fear, and the impact of positive and negative emotions on health and disease. We then introduce strategies to help mitigate stress within the health care team, and provide a rationale for their efficacy. Additionally, we identify strategies to optimize patient care and explain their heightened importance in today's environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katalin Varga
- Affective Psychology Department, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julie A Highfield
- Department of Clinical Psychology in Critical Care, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Brent D Wolfrom
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - E Wesley Ely
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee Valley Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - James C Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Cachón-Zagalaz J, Sánchez-Zafra M, Sanabrias-Moreno D, González-Valero G, Lara-Sánchez AJ, Zagalaz-Sánchez ML. Systematic Review of the Literature About the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lives of School Children. Front Psychol 2020; 11:569348. [PMID: 33162910 PMCID: PMC7591583 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The year 2020 has been marked by the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus has reached many countries and has paralyzed the lives of many people who have been forced to stay at home in confinement. There have been many studies that have sought to analyze the impact of this pandemic from different perspectives; however, this study will pay attention to how it has affected and how it may affect children between 0 and 12 years in the future after the closure of schools for months. Objective: The objective of this article is to learn about the research carried out on the child population in times of confinement, especially those dealing with the psychological and motor aspects of minors. Methods: To carry out this systematic review, the PRISMA statement has been followed to achieve an adequate and organized structure of the manuscript. The bibliography has been searched in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Dialnet databases, using as keywords: "COVID-19" and "Children." The criteria that were established for the selection of the articles were (1) articles focusing on an age of up to 12 years, (2) papers relating COVID-19 to children, and (3) studies analyzing the psychological and motor characteristics of children during confinement. Results: A total of nine manuscripts related to the psychological and motor factors in children under 12 have been found. The table presenting the results includes the authors, title, place of publication, and key ideas of the selected manuscripts. Conclusion: After concluding the systematic review, it has been detected that there are few studies that have focused their attention on the psychological, motor, or academic problems that can occur to minors after a situation of these characteristics. Similarly, a small number of studies have been found that promote actions at the family and school level to reverse this situation when life returns to normal. These results may be useful for future studies that seek to expand the information according to the evolution of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Déborah Sanabrias-Moreno
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Testing the Intermediary Role of Perceived Stress in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Burnout Subtypes in a Large Sample of Spanish University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197013. [PMID: 32992782 PMCID: PMC7579009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The burnout syndrome is the consequence of chronic stress that overwhelms an individual’s resources to cope with occupational or academic demands. Frenetic, under-challenged, and worn-out are different burnout subtypes. Mindfulness has been recognized to reduce stress, comprising five facets (observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience). This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between mindfulness facets, perceived stress, and burnout subtypes in a sample of 1233 students of Education, Nursing, and Psychology degrees from different universities of Valencia (Spain). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was computed showing an adequate fit (Chi-square, CFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR). Four mindfulness facets (all but observing) significantly correlated with general second-order mindfulness. Unexpected results were found: Acting with awareness facet was positively associated with frenetic subtype, while the non-reacting facet was positively associated with frenetic and under-challenged subtype. Ultimately, mindfulness facets negatively predicted the perceived stress levels, which in turn, predicted burnout. However, mindfulness plays different roles in the early stages of burnout syndrome (i.e., frenetic and under-challenged).
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Mindfulness and Coaching to Improve Learning Abilities in University Students: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061935. [PMID: 32188028 PMCID: PMC7142624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study investigated the effects of a short 10-module intervention called MEL (Mindful Effective Learning), which integrates mindfulness, coaching, and training on study strategies, to improve learning abilities among university students. Inspired by ample research on the learning topics that points out how effective learning and good academic results depend simultaneously on self-regulation while studying combined with emotional and motivational factors, the intervention aimed to train students simultaneously in these three aspects. The intervention group participants (N = 21) and the control group participants (N = 24) were surveyed pre- and post-intervention with the Italian questionnaire AMOS (Abilities and Motivation to Study) and the Italian version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). The results showed that, regarding self-regulation in study, trained students improved their self-awareness, self-evaluation ability, metacognition skills, and organizational and elaborative ability to manage study materials; regarding emotional aspects, they improved their anxiety control; regarding motivation they developed an incremental theory of Self and improved their confidence in their own intelligence. Moreover, two follow-up self-report surveys were conducted, and trained students reported positive assessments of the MEL intervention. Findings suggest that a short intervention based on mindfulness and coaching and training on study strategies may improve students' effective learning.
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