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Pan T, Gallo ME, Donald KA, Webb K, Bath KG. Elevated risk for psychiatric outcomes in pediatric patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C): A review of neuroinflammatory and psychosocial stressors. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100760. [PMID: 38586284 PMCID: PMC10992702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a secondary immune manifestation of COVID-19 involving multiple organ systems in the body, resulting in fever, skin rash, abdominal pain, nausea, shock, and cardiac dysfunction that often lead to hospitalization. Although many of these symptoms resolve following anti-inflammatory treatment, the long-term neurological and psychiatric sequelae of MIS-C are unknown. In this review, we will summarize two domains of the MIS-C disease course, 1) Neuroinflammation in the MIS-C brain and 2) Psychosocial disruptions resulting from stress and hospitalization. In both domains, we present existing clinical findings and hypothesize potential connections to psychiatric outcomes. This is the first review to conceptualize a holistic framework of psychiatric risk in MIS-C patients that includes neuroinflammatory and psychosocial risk factors. As cases of severe COVID-19 and MIS-C subside, it is important for clinicians to monitor outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Pan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 029112, USA
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Meghan E. Gallo
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 029112, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical College, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kirsten A. Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Webb
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
- Crick African Network, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin G. Bath
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical College, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Courbet O, Daviot Q, Kalamarides V, Habib M, Villemonteix T. Promoting Psychological Well-being in Preschoolers Through Mindfulness-based Socio-emotional Learning: A Randomized-controlled Trial. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01220-x. [PMID: 38850462 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Mental health issues in children and young people are frequent and can have enduring negative consequences. Preventive early interventions delivered at school may foster psychological well-being, and preliminary evidence suggests that mindfulness-based social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions have positive effects on children's mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate a mindfulness-based SEL curriculum including a French adaptation of the Kindness Curriculum (KC), delivered by pre-kindergarten teachers, in a cluster randomized control trial. Sixty-four classes (761 children, aged 38-58 months) from a socio-economically disadvantaged area in France were randomly assigned to either intervention or waiting-list control conditions. Indicators of children's mental health, self-management, positive relationships with teachers and peers, emotional processing and executive functioning were collected through teacher-rated questionnaires, standardized observations, and behavioral tasks. Results in the whole sample indicated a positive effect of the intervention on children's mental health, including a reduction in emotional, conduct and peer relationship problems, and a reduction in teacher-child conflicts. No significant effects were found on the other indicators. Heterogeneity analyses revealed stronger effects of the intervention on several indicators for children who had a teacher with lower level of teaching experience, for children with lower baseline mental health and for older children. This program therefore appears as a promising early school-based intervention promoting mental health and positive relationships, especially in a subgroup of at-risk preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Courbet
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Processes of Change [LPPC], Université Paris 8 - Paris Lumières [UPL], Saint-Denis, France
| | - Quentin Daviot
- Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab [J-PAL], Paris School of Economics, Paris, France
| | - Victoire Kalamarides
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Processes of Change [LPPC], Université Paris 8 - Paris Lumières [UPL], Saint-Denis, France
| | - Marianne Habib
- DysCo Laboratory, Université Paris 8 - Paris Lumières [UPL], Saint-Denis, France
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Processes of Change [LPPC], Université Paris 8 - Paris Lumières [UPL], Saint-Denis, France.
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Hughes K, Overberg A, Satterfield K, Voss H, Rogerson C. Epidemiologic Trends In Children With Toxicologic Exposures Requiring Intensive Care Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2024; 29:273-277. [PMID: 38863855 PMCID: PMC11163898 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-29.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric poison exposures are a common reason for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) -admission. The purpose of this study was to examine the exposure trends and patient outcomes in 2018-2019 compared with 2020-2021 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients 18 years of age or younger with a suspected toxicologic exposure from January 2018 to March 2021. The primary endpoint was rate of PICU admissions between the 2 cohorts. Secondary endpoints included medical outcome stratified by severity, PICU length of stay, and need for mechanical ventilation. RESULTS Our study included a total of 340 patients with median age 14.5 (IQR, 11.9-16.1) years. There was no significant difference in age, sex, or race between the 2 cohorts. The percentage of patients admitted to the PICU for poison exposures was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cohort compared with the pre-COVID-19 cohort (8.4% vs 3.7%, p < 0.01). Severity of medical outcomes differed between the groups; the COVID-19 cohort had more extreme clinical presentations of no effect or death (p < 0.01). No significant difference was found among the remaining secondary outcomes. Classes of substances ingested were comparable with baseline poison center data. CONCLUSIONS Poisoning-related PICU admissions occurred at more than twice the pre-pandemic rate. This may emphasize the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric access and exposure to poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Hughes
- Department of Pharmacy (KH), Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Adam Overberg
- Indiana Poison Center (AO), Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kennedi Satterfield
- Pharmacy resident (KS), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Hannah Voss
- Pharmacy resident (HV), Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Colin Rogerson
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care (CR), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Abo-Rass F, Nakash O, Gelaye B, Khatib A, AboJabel H. Determinants of intentions to seek formal mental health help among Palestinian adolescents in Israel. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:720-729. [PMID: 38312061 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231224658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health challenges are widespread among adolescents undergoing significant physical, emotional, social, and academic changes. However, rates of formal help-seeking remain low, particularly among those from ethnic minorities. AIMS This study investigated the determinants of intentions to seek formal mental health help among Palestinian adolescents in Israel, focusing on mental health literacy (MHL) and trust in formal sources of information. METHODS A total of 178 adolescents (Mage = 16.24 ± 1.24 years, 61.8% female) completed measures assessing intention for formal help-seeking, psychological distress, MHL, trust in formal sources of information, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Findings revealed low levels of intention to seek formal help and psychological distress, alongside average or above-average levels on all MHL dimensions and trust in formal sources for information. Our analysis identified socioeconomic status (β = .17, p < .05), psychological distress (β = .18, p < .05), trust in formal sources of information (β = .28, p < .001), and two MHL dimensions: knowledge of where to seek information (β = .25, p < .01) and attitudes that promote recognition or appropriate help-seeking behavior (β = .16, p < .05) - as the main determinants of intention for formal help-seeking. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the critical role of trust in formal sources of information and MHL in seeking formal help among adolescents from ethnic minorities. Interventions aiming to improve access to mental health-related information, address and enhance attitudes, and foster trust in formal professionals and institutions may contribute to an increased tendency for formal mental health help-seeking among this population and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeda Abo-Rass
- Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ora Nakash
- School for Social Work, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anwar Khatib
- Department of Social Work, Zefat Academic College, Israel
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanan AboJabel
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Taylor AL, Kogan J, Meyers J, Lupe S, Click B, Cohen B, Szigethy E, Keefer L, Nikolajski C. Perceptions of and Experiences with the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2024; 31:279-291. [PMID: 37932518 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-023-09979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased feelings of emotional distress and disruptions in care across diverse patients subgroups, including those with chronic medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We sought to understand the impact of the pandemic on the physical and emotional well-being of individuals with IBD and concurrent depression and/or anxiety symptoms. We conducted qualitative interviews after the beginning of the pandemic with 46 adults with IBD. Participants reported increased levels of emotional distress, feelings of social isolation, and uncertainty over whether IBD medications put them at increased risk. Young adults discussed feeling as if their lives had been disrupted. In addition, several individuals demonstrated resiliency and emphasized positives about the pandemic, including increased connectivity with family and friends, the convenience of being able to work from home despite their IBD symptoms, and lessened feelings of "missing out." Our findings highlight several opportunities to improve the health and well-being of individuals with IBD and beyond including increased support for combatting social isolation, enhanced counseling about medication risks and benefits, and the incorporation of resiliency skills building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Taylor
- UPMC Center for High-Value Health Care, UPMC Insurance Services Division, U.S. Steel Tower, 600 Grant St., 40th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jane Kogan
- UPMC Center for High-Value Health Care, UPMC Insurance Services Division, U.S. Steel Tower, 600 Grant St., 40th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Meyers
- UPMC Center for High-Value Health Care, UPMC Insurance Services Division, U.S. Steel Tower, 600 Grant St., 40th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Lupe
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Click
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin Cohen
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eva Szigethy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laurie Keefer
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cara Nikolajski
- UPMC Center for High-Value Health Care, UPMC Insurance Services Division, U.S. Steel Tower, 600 Grant St., 40th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Garcia L, de Virgilio C, Nahmias J, Keeley JA, Grigorian A. The Relationship Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Pediatric Trauma. J Surg Res 2024; 298:169-175. [PMID: 38615550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic created difficulties in access to care. There was also increased penetrating trauma in adults, which has been attributed to factors including increased firearm sales and social isolation. However, less is known about the relationship between the pandemic and pediatric trauma patients (PTPs). This study aimed to investigate the national incidence of penetrating trauma in PTPs, hypothesizing a higher rate with onset of the pandemic. We additionally hypothesized increased risk of complications and death in penetrating PTPs after the pandemic versus prepandemic. METHODS We included all PTPs (aged ≤17-years-old) from the 2017-2020 Trauma Quality Improvement Program database, dividing the dataset into two eras: prepandemic (2017-2019) and pandemic (2020). We performed subset analyses of the pandemic and prepandemic penetrating PTPs. Bivariate analyses and a multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Of the 474,524 PTPs, 123,804 (26.1%) were from the pandemic year. The pandemic era had increased stab wounds (3.3% versus 2.8%, P > 0.001) and gunshot wounds (5.5% versus 4.0%, P < 0.001) compared to the prepandemic era. Among penetrating PTPs, the rates and associated risk of in-hospital complications (2.6% versus 2.8%, P = 0.23) (odds ratio 0.90, confidence interval 0.79-1.02, P = 0.11) and mortality (4.9% versus 5.0%, P = 0.58) (odds ratio 0.90, confidence interval 0.78-1.03, P = 0.12) were similar between time periods. CONCLUSIONS This national analysis confirms increased penetrating trauma, particularly gunshot wounds in pediatric patients following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this increase, there was no elevated risk of death or complications, suggesting that trauma systems adapted to the "dual pandemic" of COVID-19 and firearm violence in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Garcia
- Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.
| | | | - Jeffry Nahmias
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Jessica A Keeley
- Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Areg Grigorian
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
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Fujimoto H, Heywood A, Maston K, Brown L, Bartholomew A, Werner-Seidler A, Christensen H, Batterham PJ. What aspects of the pandemic had the greatest impact on adolescent mental health: duration of lockdown or subjective experience? Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:63. [PMID: 38824582 PMCID: PMC11144333 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted global mental health, with adolescents experiencing disproportionate effects. Limited research has explored the impact of different pandemic restrictions on adolescent mental health, and only a few studies have examined the longer-term impacts of the pandemic on adolescent mental health. These investigations are crucial for informing public health policies, particularly the integration of mental health care in future public health emergencies. METHODS This study aimed to investigate the impact of lockdown duration and the impact of adolescents' subjective experiences of the pandemic on their wellbeing, internalising symptoms, and externalising symptoms. Australian adolescents (N = 1,001, mean age = 14.2 years) completed a baseline survey in 2021, shortly after pandemic lockdowns were lifted (Time 1), and a follow-up survey approximately 12 months later (Time 2). Predictors of interest were the total duration of COVID-19 lockdowns across 2020-2021, and adolescents' subjective experiences of the pandemic on their social connections, learning, technology use and family relationships. A range of covariates were included in analyses to examine subgroup differences. RESULTS Linear mixed-effects models indicated that total duration of the lockdown was not associated with any of the outcomes at Time 1 or Time 2 (all ps > 0.017). Negative subjective experience of the pandemic on learning was associated with greater externalising symptoms at both Time 1 (t = 5.17, df = 980, p <.001) and Time 2 (t = 2.72, df = 708, p =.007). Negative subjective experience of the pandemic on social connection was associated with greater internalising symptoms at Time 2 only (t = 3.20, df = 709, p =.001). Negative subjective experience of the pandemic on family relationships or technology use was not associated with any of the outcomes at Time 1 or Time 2 (all ps > 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents' negative subjective experience of the pandemic on learning and social connections was associated with greater internalising and externalising symptoms after the lockdown had been lifted. Duration of lockdowns was not associated with any of the primary outcomes. During future public health emergencies, mental health interventions should be tailored to assist adolescents to adapt to new learning environments, and to build and maintain social connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Fujimoto
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anita Heywood
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Maston
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Aliza Werner-Seidler
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Gracia-Liso R, Portella MJ, Pujals-Altés E, Puntí-Vidal J, Llorens M, Pàmias M, Jiménez MF, Aguirrezabala IM, Palao DJ. Comparing frequencies of adolescent suicide attempters pre- and during COVID-19 pandemic school terms. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:373. [PMID: 38760731 PMCID: PMC11100050 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic had and still have a major impact on adolescent mental health and consequently on suicidal behavior. However, few studies have investigated whether the pandemic has changed the patterns and the triggers of suicidality peaks in adolescents, e.g., seasonal patterns or family conflicts. We hypothesized that the pandemic modified suicidality rates: an increment of suicide attempts would be observed in the first semester of the academic year during COVID-19 pandemic compared to the same period of previous academic year; and the precipitating factors would be more related to social stressors during the pandemic school year. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the precipitating factors, also including school-related factors and cognitive skills, of adolescent suicide attempters occurred in the first and second semesters of the year before the pandemic lockdown (study periods 1 and 2) and the year after (study periods 3 and 4). RESULTS The sample consisted of 85 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 recruited consecutively from March 2019 to March 2021 at emergency ward because of suicide attempt. Forty-eight adolescents (55.3% of the sample) were attended before the lockdown (pre-pandemic group) and 38 (44.7%) the year after. The results showed a higher proportion of female suicide attempters in period 4 (Sept 2020-Feb 2021) respect to period 3 (Mar 2020-Aug 2020), i.e., pandemic semesters compared with the increment observed between period 2 and 1 (prepandemic semesters; Fisher's exact test = 4.73; p = 0.026). The multinomial regression models showed a significant effect in the frequency of adolescents who attempted suicide (ratio χ2 = 15.19, p = 0.019), accounted by the differences between period 4 (Sept 2020-Feb 2021) and period 1 (Mar 2019-Aug 2019), with depressive symptoms being a significant contributing factor (Exp(b) = 0.93; p = 0.04). Additionally, social triggers and age were found to be significant risk factors for suicide attempts in the first semester of the pandemic academic year (period 4) compared to the same semester of the pre-pandemic year (period 2; Exp(b) = 0.16, p = 0.01, and Exp(b) = 1.88, p = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS During the pandemic, the decrement between first and second semester of the number of females attempting suicide was more pronounced than in the prepandemic school year -though this findings lacked statistical power due to very limited sample size-. Change in the frequency of adolescent attempting suicide in the different school periods was associated with greater severity of depressive symptoms. Social relations in back-to-school after the lockdown were also associated with the number of adolescents attempting suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Gracia-Liso
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí-University Hospital of Sabadell, Barcelona, 08208, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-CERCA, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc, Sabadell, 08208, Spain
| | - Maria J Portella
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
- Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08041, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Elena Pujals-Altés
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí-University Hospital of Sabadell, Barcelona, 08208, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-CERCA, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc, Sabadell, 08208, Spain
| | - Joaquim Puntí-Vidal
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí-University Hospital of Sabadell, Barcelona, 08208, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-CERCA, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc, Sabadell, 08208, Spain
| | - Marta Llorens
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08950, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pàmias
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí-University Hospital of Sabadell, Barcelona, 08208, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-CERCA, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc, Sabadell, 08208, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marc Fradera Jiménez
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí-University Hospital of Sabadell, Barcelona, 08208, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-CERCA, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc, Sabadell, 08208, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Itziar Montalvo Aguirrezabala
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí-University Hospital of Sabadell, Barcelona, 08208, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-CERCA, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc, Sabadell, 08208, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Diego J Palao
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí-University Hospital of Sabadell, Barcelona, 08208, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT-CERCA, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional I3PT-INc, Sabadell, 08208, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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Thompson R, Brown L, Biswas Evans R, Mahbub R, Rees A, Wilson M, Dewa LH, Ward H, Toledano MB. Change, Adversity, and Adaptation: Young People's Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic Expressed through Artwork and Semi-Structured Interviews. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:636. [PMID: 38791850 PMCID: PMC11121572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study explores how young people's mental health was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic using artwork and semi-structured interviews. The mental health impacts of the pandemic are important to understand so that policy and practice professionals can support those affected, prepare and respond to future crises, and support young people who are isolated and restricted in other contexts. Co-designed participatory art workshops and interviews were conducted with 16-18-year-olds (n = 21, 62% female) from the London-based Longitudinal cohort Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP). Artworks and interview transcripts were qualitatively co-and analysed with young people. From interviews, six themes were identified: adaptation, restriction, change, challenges, overcoming adversity, and lockdown life. From the artwork, four themes were identified: trapped, negative mental wellbeing, positive emotions, and technology. Everyday factors such as home environment, social support, hobbies, habits, and online education were key determinants of how challenged and restricted participants felt, and their capacity to overcome this. This demonstrates the importance of wider (social and environmental) determinants and supports a systems-level public health approach to young people's mental health. For example, young people's mental health services should collaborate with other sectors to address such determinants in a holistic way. Clearer guidance and support with occupation, relationships, environment, routine and activities could mitigate the negative mental health impacts of major environmental changes on young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Thompson
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), School for Public Health Research (SPHR), London, UK
- Medical Research Centre (MRC)—Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Lucy Brown
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- Medical Research Centre (MRC)—Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Rakhi Biswas Evans
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- Medical Research Centre (MRC)—Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Amelia Rees
- Public Contributor, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Molly Wilson
- Independent Consultant, London, UK;
- The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, London NW3 3HY, UK
| | - Lindsay H. Dewa
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Helen Ward
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mireille B. Toledano
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK; (R.T.); (H.W.)
- Medical Research Centre (MRC)—Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- NIHR HPRU in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
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10
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Wolf K, Schmitz J. Scoping review: longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1257-1312. [PMID: 37081139 PMCID: PMC10119016 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated containment measures have massively changed the daily lives of billions of children and adolescents worldwide. To investigate the global longitudinal effects on various mental health outcomes over a period of 1.5 years, we conducted a scoping review in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We included the peer-reviewed articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and APA PsycInfo that were published between December 2019 and December 2021, followed a longitudinal or repeated cross-sectional design, and quantitatively assessed with clinical questionnaires the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic or a related stressor on mental health indicators in community samples of children and adolescents.The results of our qualitative analysis of 69 studies indicate a general trend of less psychological well-being and more mental health problems, such as heightened stress, and depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. Data suggest that both protection measure intensity and infection dynamics were positively associated with severity of the psychopathology. The most reported influencing factors were age, gender, socio-economic status, previous state of mental and physical health, self-regulation abilities, parental mental health, parenting quality, family functioning, social support, isolation and loneliness, health-related worries, and consistent routines and structure. Our results demonstrate that children and adolescents worldwide have experienced more mental health problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They call for improved access to child and adolescent mental health care and prioritisation of child and adolescent welfare in political decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Wolf
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Wilhelm-Wundt-Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Wilhelm-Wundt-Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Barone P, Borrás-Sansaloni C, Ricco-Pérez M, López-Navarro E, Navarro-Guzmán C. The Day After: The Longitudinal Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Quality of Life of University Students and the Moderator Role of Mindfulness. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2340. [PMID: 38673613 PMCID: PMC11051336 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 lockdown has been a major stressor for the general population, posing a considerable threat to quality of life (QoL), particularly among university students. Existing research highlights the protective role of dispositional mindfulness (DM) in mitigating stressors; however, its influence on moderating the impact of COVID-19 on QoL remains unknown. We used a longitudinal design to assess the QoL of undergraduate students before and after the COVID-19 lockdown, while also examining the potential moderating effect of DM on this impact. Methods: One hundred eleven Spanish undergraduate students were recruited in 2019, and 103 were followed-up in 2020. Instruments comprised a demographic questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) inventory to assess QoL, and the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) to assess DM. Results: Analyses revealed statistically significant differences between the two time points in WHOQOL-BREF: Psychological, Social Relationships, and Environmental. Moderation analyses revealed that the impact of COVID-19 on WHOQOL-BREF Psychological scores was moderated by FFMQ-Observe and FFMQ-Non-judging. Conclusions: The COVID-19 lockdown resulted in a reduction of QoL among undergraduate students, yet this impact was moderated by DM. Specifically, present moment attention to experience (observe) and non-judgmental awareness attenuated the impact of COVID-19 on psychological well-being. Future research should focus on evaluating the protective role of preventive interventions designed to increase DM among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Barone
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (P.B.); (C.B.-S.); (M.R.-P.); (E.L.-N.)
- Human Evolution and Cognition (EvoCog) Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Carmen Borrás-Sansaloni
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (P.B.); (C.B.-S.); (M.R.-P.); (E.L.-N.)
| | - Marina Ricco-Pérez
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (P.B.); (C.B.-S.); (M.R.-P.); (E.L.-N.)
- Behavioral Assessment and Treatment, Environmental and Laboratory Studies (BEATLES) Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Emilio López-Navarro
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (P.B.); (C.B.-S.); (M.R.-P.); (E.L.-N.)
- Behavioral Assessment and Treatment, Environmental and Laboratory Studies (BEATLES) Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Capilla Navarro-Guzmán
- Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (P.B.); (C.B.-S.); (M.R.-P.); (E.L.-N.)
- Behavioral Assessment and Treatment, Environmental and Laboratory Studies (BEATLES) Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
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12
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Kassis W, Aksoy D, Favre CA, Arnold J, Gaugler S, Grafinger KE, Artz S, Magnuson D. On the complex relationship between resilience and hair cortisol levels in adolescence despite parental physical abuse: a fourth wave of resilience research. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1345844. [PMID: 38628259 PMCID: PMC11019004 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1345844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To understand the family's role in adolescents' mental health development and the connection to neurodevelopmental disorders related to experienced parental physical abuse, we first explored resilience pathways longitudinally and secondly, connected the identified patterns to adolescents' hair cortisol levels that are rooted in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as the main stress response system and connected brain structure alterations. Methods We analyzed longitudinal online questionnaire data for three consecutive high school years (from seventh to ninth grade) and four survey waves from a representative sample of n = 1609 high school students in Switzerland on violence-resilience pathways. Furthermore, we collected students' hair samples from a subsample of n = 229 at survey wave 4. About 30% of the participating adolescents had been physically abused by their parents. Out of the overall sample, we drew a subsample of adolescents with parental abuse experiences (survey wave 1 n = 509; survey wave 2 n = 506; survey wave 3 n = 561; survey wave 4 n = 560). Results Despite the odds, about 20-30% of adolescents who have experienced parental physical abuse escaped the family violence cycle and can be called resilient. By applying a person-oriented analytical approach via latent class and transition analysis, we longitudinally identified and compared four distinct violence-resilience patterns. We identified violence resilience as a multidimensional latent construct, which includes hedonic and eudaimonic protective and risk indicators. Because resilience should not solely be operationalized based on the lack of psychopathology, our latent construct included both feeling good (hedonic indicators such as high levels of self-esteem and low levels of depression/anxiety and dissociation) and doing well (eudaimonic indicators such as high levels of self-determination and self-efficacy as well as low levels of aggression toward peers). Discussion The present study confirmed that higher cortisol levels significantly relate to the comorbid pattern (internalizing and externalizing symptoms), and further confirmed the presence of lasting alterations in brain structures. In this way, we corroborated the insight that when studying the resilience pathways and trajectories of abused adolescents, biological markers such as hair cortisol significantly enhance and deepen the understanding of the longitudinal mechanisms of psychological markers (e.g., self-determination, self-esteem, self-efficacy) that are commonly applied in questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassilis Kassis
- School of Education, University of Applied Sciences, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Dilan Aksoy
- School of Education, University of Applied Sciences, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Céline Anne Favre
- School of Education, University of Applied Sciences, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Julia Arnold
- School of Education, University of Applied Sciences, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Gaugler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | - Sibylle Artz
- School of Child and Youth Care, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Doug Magnuson
- Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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13
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Shner-Livne G, Buzzell GA, Fox NA, Shechner T. Induced error-related theta activity, not error-related negativity, predicts task performance as well as anxiety and worry during real-life stress in a youth sample. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14492. [PMID: 38073088 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study examined differences between induced error-related theta activity (4-7 Hz) and error-related negativity (ERN) in youth and their unique associations with task performance as well as anxiety and worry during real-life stress a year later. We hypothesized that induced theta, but not the ERN, would predict task performance. We also hypothesized that induced theta would predict less anxiety and worries during situational stress a year later, while ERN would predict more anxiety and worries. METHOD Participants included 76 children aged 8-13 years who completed a flanker task while electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral data (t0 ) were collected. Approximately 1 year later (t1 ), during the first COVID-19 lockdown, 40 families from the original sample completed a battery of online questionnaires to assess the children's stress-related symptoms (anxiety, negative emotions and worries). We employed an analytical method that allowed us to differentiate between induced error-related theta and the evoked ERN. RESULTS Induced error-related theta, but not ERN, was associated with behavioral changes during the task, such as post-error speeding. Furthermore, induced error-related theta, but not ERN, was prospectively associated with less anxiety, worries, and fewer negative emotions a year later during COVID-19 lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest ERN and error-related theta are dissociable processes reflecting error monitoring in youth. Specifically, induced error-related theta is more robustly associated with changes in behavior in the laboratory and with less anxiety and worries in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Shner-Livne
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - George A Buzzell
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Tomer Shechner
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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14
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Hensums M, van den Bos W, Overbeek G, Larsen H. YouTube vloggers set the stage: How public (non)compliance with COVID-19 regulations affects adolescents. J Adolesc 2024; 96:429-442. [PMID: 37337475 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION YouTube vloggers may be important socialization figures, yet their influence on adolescents' health-related behaviors and cognitions is largely untested. In this two-study mixed-method project, we first assessed the extent of (non)compliance to COVID-19 regulations by vloggers on YouTube and how viewers reacted to this. Second, we experimentally assessed the effects of vlogger behavior paired with viewer evaluations on adolescents' COVID-19-related attitudes, intentions, and behavior. METHODS For Study 1, we coded 240 vlogs of eight popular Dutch vloggers on YouTube recorded in the period of February 2020-March 2021. For our 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment in Study 2, Dutch adolescents (N = 285, Mage = 12.99, SD = 1.02, 41.8% girls) were randomly assigned to conditions in which they saw vlogs showing either compliance or noncompliance to COVID-19 regulations, and to conditions in which they saw either supportive or dismissive comments under these vlogs. RESULTS Study 1: Vloggers' noncompliance with COVID-19 regulations was not uncommon and received relatively more viewer support than compliance, suggesting that portrayed noncompliance may be potentially influential. Study 2: Adolescents were more worried about COVID-19 after they watched a compliant (vs. noncompliant) vlogger. Also, vlogger noncompliance decreased adolescents' perceived importance of COVID-19 regulations and rule-setting for adolescents who identified strongly with the vloggers they watched. CONCLUSIONS Vloggers' (non)compliance affects adolescents' COVID-19-related worrying, and attitudes and behavior of adolescents who identify with vloggers strongly. This seems concerning given the sometimes harmful and risky behaviors vloggers portray online but could potentially also be employed to encourage healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Hensums
- Department of Preventive Youth Care, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Research Priority Area Yield, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van den Bos
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Psychology Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Research Priority Area Yield, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geertjan Overbeek
- Department of Preventive Youth Care, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Research Priority Area Yield, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helle Larsen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Psychology Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Research Priority Area Yield, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim CM, Huang YH, Zhou T, Kim MJ, Youn HS. An Importance-Performance Analysis of Korean Middle School Students' Health Management Awareness during the Post-COVID-19 Era Depending on Sex. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:763. [PMID: 38610185 PMCID: PMC11012038 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to conduct importance-performance analyses (IPAs) based on Korean middle school students' health management awareness during the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. Data were collected from 867 Korean middle school students (13-15 years old) via online and offline surveys between May and June 2023. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, IPA based on the entire student group, and IPA depending on sex were carried out with the collected data, which revealed the following. First, regardless of sex, the IPA results indicated that four factors of mental health were located in the third quadrant, with one factor of the same variable in the fourth quadrant. The three factors of disease management were located in the third quadrant. Regarding physical activity, two factors were located in the first quadrant, one in the second quadrant, and one in the third quadrant. Regarding sleep management, two factors were located in the second quadrant, one in the third quadrant, and one in the first quadrant. Regarding eating management, two factors were located in the third quadrant and one in the fourth quadrant. Regarding the social distancing variable, all four factors were located in the third quadrant. Regarding hygiene management, two factors were located in the first quadrant, one in the third quadrant, and one in the fourth quadrant. Furthermore, the IPA results indicated sex differences in regular sports and vigorous movement activities associated with physical activity. Additionally, a sex difference was observed in regular diet associated with eating management. This study proposed possible measures for encouraging middle school students to recognize the importance of health and increase their health-related performance during the COVID-19 endemic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Min Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yi-Hang Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (Y.-H.H.); (T.Z.)
| | - Min-Jun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Shin Han University, Uijeongbu 11644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Su Youn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Won Kwang University, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea
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Dewa LH, Roberts L, Choong E, Crandell C, Demkowicz O, Ashworth E, Branquinho C, Scott S. The impact of COVID-19 on young people's mental health, wellbeing and routine from a European perspective: A co-produced qualitative systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299547. [PMID: 38507395 PMCID: PMC10954119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on young people's (YP) mental health has been mixed. Systematic reviews to date have focused predominantly on quantitative studies and lacked involvement from YP with lived experience of mental health difficulties. Therefore, our primary aim was to conduct a qualitative systematic review to examine the perceived impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on YP's (aged 10-24) mental health and wellbeing across Europe. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, MEDRXIV, OSF preprints, Google, and voluntary sector websites for studies published from 1st January 2020 to 15th November 2022. European studies were included if they reported qualitative data that could be extracted on YP's (aged 10-24) own perspectives of their experiences of Covid-19 and related disruptions to their mental health and wellbeing. Screening, data extraction and appraisal was conducted independently in duplicate by researchers and YP with lived experience of mental health difficulties (co-researchers). Confidence was assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQual) approach. We co-produced an adapted narrative thematic synthesis with co-researchers. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021251578. We found 82 publications and included 77 unique studies in our narrative synthesis. Most studies were from the UK (n = 50; 65%); and generated data during the first Covid-19 wave (March-May 2020; n = 33; 43%). Across the 79,491 participants, views, and experiences of YP minoritised by ethnicity and sexual orientation, and from marginalised or vulnerable YP were limited. Five synthesised themes were identified: negative impact of pandemic information and restrictions on wellbeing; education and learning on wellbeing; social connection to prevent loneliness and disconnection; emotional, lifestyle and behavioural changes; and mental health support. YP's mental health and wellbeing across Europe were reported to have fluctuated during the pandemic. Challenges were similar but coping strategies to manage the impact of these challenges on mental health varied across person, study, and country. Short-term impacts were related to the consequences of changing restrictions on social connection, day-to-day lifestyle, and education set-up. However, YP identified potential issues in these areas going forward, and therefore stressed the importance of ongoing long-term support in education, learning and mental health post-Covid-19. CONCLUSIONS Our findings map onto the complex picture seen from quantitative systematic reviews regarding the impact of Covid-19 on YP's mental health. The comparatively little qualitative data found in our review means there is an urgent need for more high-quality qualitative research outside of the UK and/or about the experiences of minoritised groups to ensure all voices are heard and everyone is getting the support they need following the pandemic. YP's voices need to be prioritised in decision-making processes on education, self-care strategies, and mental health and wellbeing, to drive impactful, meaningful policy changes in anticipation of a future systemic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay H. Dewa
- NIHR Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Roberts
- NIHR Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health Policy, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland Waipapa Taumata Rau, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Choong
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Crandell
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ola Demkowicz
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Ashworth
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catia Branquinho
- Environmental Health Institute, Medicine Faculty, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Steph Scott
- Newcastle Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Duan C, Liu L, Wang T, Wang G, Jiang Z, Li H, Zhang G, Ye L, Li C, Cao Y. Evidence linking COVID-19 and the health/well-being of children and adolescents: an umbrella review. BMC Med 2024; 22:116. [PMID: 38481207 PMCID: PMC10938697 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiences during childhood and adolescence have enduring impacts on physical and mental well-being, overall quality of life, and socioeconomic status throughout one's lifetime. This underscores the importance of prioritizing the health of children and adolescents to establish an impactful healthcare system that benefits both individuals and society. It is crucial for healthcare providers and policymakers to examine the relationship between COVID-19 and the health of children and adolescents, as this understanding will guide the creation of interventions and policies for the long-term management of the virus. METHODS In this umbrella review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023401106), systematic reviews were identified from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; EMBASE (OvidSP); and MEDLINE (OvidSP) from December 2019 to February 2023. Pairwise and single-arm meta-analyses were extracted from the included systematic reviews. The methodological quality appraisal was completed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Single-arm meta-analyses were re-presented under six domains associated with COVID-19 condition. Pairwise meta-analyses were classified into five domains according to the evidence classification criteria. Rosenberg's FSN was calculated for both binary and continuous measures. RESULTS We identified 1551 single-arm and 301 pairwise meta-analyses from 124 systematic reviews that met our predefined criteria for inclusion. The focus of the meta-analytical evidence was predominantly on the physical outcomes of COVID-19, encompassing both single-arm and pairwise study designs. However, the quality of evidence and methodological rigor were suboptimal. Based on the evidence gathered from single-arm meta-analyses, we constructed an illustrative representation of the disease severity, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological findings, treatments, and outcomes from 2020 to 2022. Additionally, we discovered 17 instances of strong or highly suggestive pairwise meta-analytical evidence concerning long-COVID, pediatric comorbidity, COVID-19 vaccines, mental health, and depression. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study advocate for the implementation of surveillance systems to track health consequences associated with COVID-19 and the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborative rehabilitation programs for affected younger populations. In future research endeavors, it is important to prioritize the investigation of non-physical outcomes to bridge the gap between research findings and clinical application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Honglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Evidence-Based Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Evidence-Based Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Aksoy O, Wu AFW, Aksoy S, Rivas C. Social support and mental well-being among people with and without chronic illness during the Covid-19 pandemic: evidence from the longitudinal UCL covid survey. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:136. [PMID: 38468353 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An immediate research priority recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic is well-being among some of our most vulnerable-people with chronic illness. We studied how mental health changed among people with and without chronic illness throughout the pandemic and the mediating role of social support. METHODS We used the 3-waves of COVID-19 survey within the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS, age 19, N = 5522) and MCS Parent (MCSP, age > > 19, N = 7479) samples, with additional pre-pandemic measures of some outcomes and exposure. Using Structural Equation Panel Models with Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation to address missing data, we studied differences between respondents with a chronic illness and without, regarding depressive symptoms and mental well-being, with social provision, social support, and loneliness as potential mediators. RESULTS Mental well-being (SWEMWBS) and psychological distress (Kessler-6) worsened significantly during the pandemic relative to baseline for people with and without chronic illness, while the latter group had substantially better well-being at all waves and the baseline regarding both outcomes. When the lockdown was lifted during wave-2, mental well-being temporarily rebounded, and distress waned among people without chronic illness but continued to worsen among people with chronic illness. Social support partially mediated the link between chronic illness and mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS The large mental well-being gap between people with and without chronic illness persisted during the pandemic. However, social support and provision can partially narrow this gap, hence should be employed in future pandemic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Aksoy
- UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, WC1H 0NU, London, UK.
| | - Alison Fang-Wei Wu
- UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, WC1H 0NU, London, UK
| | - Sevgi Aksoy
- University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College, Park Row, SE10 9LS, London, UK
| | - Carol Rivas
- UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, WC1H 0NU, London, UK
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19
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Sapin A, Vanier A, Descarpentry A, Maffre Maviel G, Vuillermoz C, Falissard B, Galera C, Warszawski J, Davisse-Paturet C, Hazo JB, Rouquette A. Parental mental health and reporting of their child's behaviour: measurement invariance of the French version of the parental strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02392-z. [PMID: 38402376 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Symptomatic effects of mental disorders in parents could bias their reporting on their child's mental health. This study aimed to investigate the measurement invariance of the French version of the parental Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) across parental mental health in a sample (N = 20,765) of parents of children aged 3 to 17 years in France. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) were used to evaluate the fit of three known alternative SDQ factor structures (five, three, or second-order factor structures). Invariance was tested across parental mental health (present anxiety and depressive symptoms, psychiatric history) and across socio-demographic characteristics (child's age, child's gender, parent's gender, parent's educational level). CFA models showed a poor fit, while all ESEM models achieved acceptable or good fit, with the five-factor model presenting the best fit. Invariance was observed for all characteristics tested, indicating that the SDQ can be used to study the links between parental mental health and their child's mental health without bias. However, ESEM showed that the hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems dimensions were not well differentiated in the French version of the SDQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Sapin
- UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807, Villejuif, France.
| | - Antoine Vanier
- Health Technology Assessment Department, Haute Autorité de Santé, 93210, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
- UMR 1246 Sphere, Inserm, Nantes Université - Université de Tours, 44200, Nantes, France
| | | | - Gustave Maffre Maviel
- Research Team on Social Epidemiology (ERES), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Vuillermoz
- UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Université de Bordeaux, 33077, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Josiane Warszawski
- UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Hazo
- Statistics Direction of French Ministry of Health and Solidarity (DREES), Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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20
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Scharf N, Benita M, Benish-Weisman M. Emotion regulation styles and Adolescent adjustment following a COVID-19 lockdown. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3274. [PMID: 37195084 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of emotion regulation styles - integrative emotion regulation (IER), suppressive emotion regulation, and dysregulation-on adolescents' psychosocial adjustment following a Covid-19-related lockdown. 114 mother-adolescent dyads were surveyed after lockdown and at two additional time points (three and six months later). Adolescents were aged 10-16 years, 50.9% females. Adolescents reported on their emotion regulation styles. Mothers and adolescents reported on adolescents' well-being (depressive symptoms, negative and positive emotions) and social behaviour (aggression and prosocial behaviour). Results of multilevel linear growth models showed IER predicted optimal well-being and social behaviour reported by both mothers and adolescents at baseline and a self-reported reduction in prosocial behaviours over time. Suppressive emotion regulation predicted reduced self-reported well-being after lockdown, evident in higher levels of negative affect and depressive symptoms and reductions in mother-reported prosocial behaviour over time. Dysregulation predicted reduced well-being and impaired social behaviour after lockdown, reported by both mothers and adolescents, and a reduction in self-reported depressive symptoms over time. Results suggest adolescents' adjustment to lockdown was affected by their habitual emotion regulation styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Scharf
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moti Benita
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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21
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Leite RO, Brodar KE, Saab PG, Marchetti D, Jaramillo M, Sanchez J, Davis E, Delamater AM, La Greca AM. Diabetes Care and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Adolescents with Diabetes, Parents, and Providers. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2024:10.1007/s10880-023-09995-9. [PMID: 38281304 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-023-09995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This study explored ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic impacted adolescents' diabetes management and psychosocial functioning, and how adolescents, parents, and providers viewed telemedicine. We present data from three studies: (1) a comparison of psychosocial functioning and glycemic levels before and after pandemic onset (n = 120 adolescents; 89% with type 1 diabetes), (2) an online survey of parents about pandemic-related stressors (n = 141), and (3) qualitative interviews with adolescents, parents, and medical providers about the pandemic's impacts on adolescents' diabetes care and mental health (n = 13 parent-adolescent dyads; 7 medical providers). Results suggested some adverse effects, including disrupting routines related to health behaviors and psychosocial functioning and impairing adolescents' quality of life. Despite these challenges, most participants did not endorse significant impacts. Some even noted benefits, such as increased parental supervision of diabetes management that can be leveraged beyond the pandemic. Furthermore, telemedicine offers benefits to continuity of diabetes care but presents challenges to care quality. These findings underscore the varied and unique impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael O Leite
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Flipse Building 420, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA.
| | | | - Patrice G Saab
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Flipse Building 420, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniella Marchetti
- Psychology Service, Bruce W. Carter Medical Center, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manuela Jaramillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Flipse Building 420, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Janine Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eileen Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Annette M La Greca
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Flipse Building 420, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA
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22
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Sánchez-López MT, Llamas-Díaz D, Megías-Robles A, Gómez-Leal R, Gutiérrez-Cobo MJ, Fernández-Berrocal P, Cabello R. Differential Impact of Emotional and Contextual Factors Associated with COVID-19 on Adolescent Mental Health. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:147-156. [PMID: 38223310 PMCID: PMC10788053 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s434365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the confinement, there was an increase in the incidence of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. In this regard, affectivity is of particular interest, as emotions play a fundamental role in overall mental health. The literature on COVID-19 in this population has often focused on the analysis of risk factors for mental health, while less attention has been paid to protective factors. In this paper, we propose an inclusive model of risk and protective factors for adolescent mental health through the indirect effect of negative and positive affect. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with a Spanish community sample of 477 adolescents (Mage = 16.23, range:14 to 20 years old; 43.4% were boys; response rate: 100%). We measured the perceived hardness of confinement, worrying about contagion, quality of relationships at home, pleasant activities, affect (positive and negative), and mental health. Results The results revealed a positive relationship between the perceived hardness of confinement and worrying about contagion with mental health, through the indirect effect of negative affect, and a positive relationship between home relationships and pleasant activities with mental health through an indirect effect of positive affect. Conclusion Our results suggest that different types of emotions generated by the various contextual variables associated with COVID-19 may have a differential impact on mental health. These findings support the inclusive model of risk and protective factors for adolescent mental health. Practical implications, future studies, and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - María José Gutiérrez-Cobo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Rosario Cabello
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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23
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Marques ES, Reichenheim ME, Santos ÉBD, Taquete SR, Moraes CLD. What have adolescents in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, done to reduce their community violence exposure? CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2024; 29:e18182022. [PMID: 38198334 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024291.18182022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify the individual community strategies to avoid violence exposure most used by adolescents from public and private schools in the IX Administrative Region of Rio de Janeiro and investigate the profile of co-occurrence and its prevalence in specific population subgroups. This is a cross-sectional study with 693 individuals. A multidimensional questionnaire collected information regarding strategies to avoid community violence exposure and was self-completed in the classroom. The most used strategies were avoiding walking close to armed people (55.5%), avoiding walking alone (30.5%), and avoiding returning home at dawn (24.7%). Girls adopt more of all (concurrently) the four limiting behaviors to reduce their community violence exposure (53% vs. 32%). Notably, the adoption of such strategies differed by socioeconomic indicators and was higher among adolescents from lower-income households. These findings point to the high frequency of use of such strategies by adolescents, which may hinder and limit the full development of their social and cultural skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Souza Marques
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. R. são Francisco Xavier 524, 7º andar, bloco D, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Michael Eduardo Reichenheim
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. R. são Francisco Xavier 524, 7º andar, bloco D, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Érika Barbosa Dos Santos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. R. são Francisco Xavier 524, 7º andar, bloco D, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Stella R Taquete
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
| | - Claudia Leite de Moraes
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. R. são Francisco Xavier 524, 7º andar, bloco D, Maracanã. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estácio de Sá. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
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24
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Shattuck D, Willging CE, Peterson J, Ramos MM. Outer-context determinants on the implementation of school-based interventions for LGBTQ+ adolescents. IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 5:26334895241249417. [PMID: 38666140 PMCID: PMC11044576 DOI: 10.1177/26334895241249417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schools are critical venues for supporting LGBTQ+ youth well-being. Implementing LGBTQ-supportive practices can decrease experiences of stigmatization, discrimination, and victimization that lead to adverse mental health outcomes like anxiety, depression, and suicidality. However, schools are also subject to a wide range of outer-context pressures that may influence their priorities and implementation of LGBTQ-supportive practices. We assessed the role of emergent outer-context determinants in the context of a 5-year cluster randomized controlled trial to study the implementation of LGBTQ-supportive evidence-informed practices (EIPs) in New Mexico high schools. Method Using an iterative coding approach, we analyzed qualitative data from annual interviews with school professionals involved in EIP implementation efforts. Results The analysis yielded three categories of outer-context determinants that created challenges and opportunities for implementation: (a) social barriers related to heterocentrism, cisgenderism, and religious conservatism; (b) local, state, and national policy and political discourse; and (c) crisis events. Conclusions By exploring the implications of outer-context determinants for the uptake of LGBTQ-supportive practices, we demonstrate that these elements are dynamic-not simply reducible to barriers or facilitators-and that assessing outer-context determinants shaping implementation environments is crucial for addressing LGBTQ health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shattuck
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE)—Southwest Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cathleen E. Willging
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE)—Southwest Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jeffery Peterson
- School of Public and Community Health Services, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Mary M. Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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25
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Antoniou T, Pajer K, Gardner W, Penner M, Lunsky Y, Tadrous M, Mamdani M, Gozdyra P, Juurlink DN, Gomes T. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antidepressant and antipsychotic use among children and adolescents: a population-based study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1282845. [PMID: 38146536 PMCID: PMC10749316 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1282845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in the prevalence of depression, anxiety and behavioural problems among children and youth. Less well understood is the influence of the pandemic on antidepressant and antipsychotic use among children. This is important, as it is possible that antidepressants and antipsychotics were used as a "stop-gap" measure to treat mental health symptoms when in-person access to outpatient care and school-based supportive services was disrupted. Furthermore, antipsychotics and antidepressants have been associated with harm in children and youth. We examined trends in dispensing of these medications two years following the pandemic among children 18 years of age and under in Ontario, Canada. Methods We conducted a population-based time-series study of antidepressant and antipsychotic medication dispensing to children and adolescents ≤18 years old between September 1, 2014, and March 31, 2022. We measured monthly population-adjusted rates of antidepressant and antipsychotics obtained from the IQVIA Geographic Prescription Monitor (GPM) database. We used structural break analyses to identify the pandemic month(s) when changes in the dispensing of antidepressants and antipsychotics occurred. We used interrupted time series models to quantify changes in dispensing following the structural break and compare observed and expected use of these drugs. Results Overall, we found higher-than-expected dispensing of antidepressants and antipsychotics in children and youth. Specifically, we observed an immediate step decrease in antidepressant dispensing associated with a structural break in April 2020 (-55.8 units per 1,000 individuals; 95% confidence intervals [CI] CI: -117.4 to 5.8), followed by an increased monthly trend in the rate of antidepressant dispensing of 13.0 units per 1,000 individuals (95% CI: 10.2-15.9). Antidepressant dispensing was consistently greater than predicted from September 2020 onward. Antipsychotic dispensing increased immediately following a June 2020 structural break (26.4 units per 1,000 individuals; 95% CI: 15.8-36.9) and did not change appreciably thereafter. Antipsychotic dispensing was higher than predicted at all time points from June 2020 onward. Conclusion We found higher-than-expected dispensing of antidepressants and antipsychotics in children and youth. These increases were sustained through nearly two years of observation and are especially concerning in light of the potential for harm with the long-term use of antipsychotics in children. Further research is required to understand the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Antoniou
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen Pajer
- Mental Health Program, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William Gardner
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie Penner
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mina Tadrous
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Healthcare Analytics Research & Training, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David N. Juurlink
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tara Gomes
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Lai B, Young R, Craig M, Chaviano K, Swanson-Kimani E, Wozow C, Davis D, Rimmer JH. Improving Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Adolescents With Physical Disabilities Through Group-Based Virtual Reality Gaming: Feasibility Pre-Post Trial Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47630. [PMID: 38055309 PMCID: PMC10733831 DOI: 10.2196/47630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with disabilities experience alarmingly higher rates of depression and isolation than peers without disabilities. There is a need to identify interventions that can improve mental health and isolation among this underserved population. Innovations in virtual reality (VR) gaming "standalone" headsets allow greater access to immersive high-quality digital experiences, due to their relatively low cost. OBJECTIVE This study had three purposes, which were to (1) examine the preliminary effects of a low-cost, home-based VR multiplayer recreation and socialization on depression, socialization, and loneliness; (2) quantify the acceptability of the program as measured by participant adherence, total play time, and exercise time; and (3) identify and describe behavioral mechanisms that affected participant engagement. METHODS This was a single-group, pre- to postdesign trial. The intervention was conducted at home. Participants were recruited from a children's hospital. The intervention lasted 4 weeks and included 2×1-hour sessions per week of supervised peer-to-peer gaming. Participants used the Meta Quest 2 headset to meet peers and 2 coaches in a private party held digitally. Aim 1 was evaluated with the Children's Depression Inventory 2 Short Form and the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale 20 items, which are measures of social isolation and loneliness, respectively. Aim 2 was evaluated through the following metrics: participant adherence, the types of games played, friendship building and playtime, and program satisfaction and enjoyment. RESULTS In total, 12 people enrolled (mean age 16.6, SD 1.8 years; male: n=9 and female: n=3), and 8 people completed the program. Mean attendance for the 8 participants was 77% (49 sessions of 64 total possible sessions; mean 6, SD 2 sessions). A trend was observed for improved Children's Depression Inventory 2 Short Form scores (mean preintervention score 7.25, SD 4.2; mean postintervention score 5.38, SD 4.1; P=.06; effect size=0.45, 95% CI -0.15 to 3.9), but this was not statistically significant; no difference was observed for University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale 20 items scores. Most participants (7/8, 88%) stated that they became friends with a peer in class; 50% (4/8) reported that they played with other people. Participants reported high levels of enjoyment and satisfaction with how the program was implemented. Qualitative analysis resulted in 4 qualitative themes that explained behavioral mechanisms that determined engagement in the program. CONCLUSIONS The study findings demonstrated that a brief VR group program could be valuable for potentially improving mental health among adolescents with physical disabilities. Participants built friendships with peers and other players on the web, using low-cost consumer equipment that provided easy access and strong scale-up potential. Study findings identified factors that can be addressed to enhance the program within a larger clinical trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05259462; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05259462. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/42651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Lai
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Raven Young
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary Craig
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kelli Chaviano
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Erin Swanson-Kimani
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Cynthia Wozow
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Drew Davis
- Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James H Rimmer
- Dean's Office, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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27
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Busch J, Haehner P, Spierling SK, Leyendecker B. Socio-emotional adjustment throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study of elementary school-aged children from low-income neighbourhoods. Stress Health 2023; 39:1000-1013. [PMID: 36808799 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Children's socio-emotional adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic could depend on their pre-pandemic risk of heightened socio-emotional distress and available resources. In a sample of elementary school-aged children from low-income neighbourhoods in Germany, we examined children's socio-emotional adjustment throughout two pandemic-related school closing periods of 5 months each and explored possible determinants of their adjustment. On three occasions before and after school closing, home-room teachers reported on the distress of 365 children (Mage = 8.45, 53% female) and provided information on their family backgrounds and internal resources. We studied child pre-pandemic risk of low socio-emotional adjustment based on low basic care by families and group membership (i.e., recently arrived refugee, deprived Roma family). We studied child resources regarding families' home learning support during school closings and selected internal resources of the children (German reading skills, academic ability). Results showed that children's distress did not increase throughout the school closings. Instead, their distress remained at constant levels or even decreased. On pre-pandemic risk, only low basic care was linked to higher levels of distress and worse trajectories. On child resources, home learning support, academic ability, and German reading skills were inconsistently linked to less distress and better trajectories depending on the school closing period. Our findings suggest better-than-expected socio-emotional adjustment of children from low-income neighbourhoods during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Busch
- Child and Family Research, Faculty for Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Center for Research on Education and School Development, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Peter Haehner
- Psychological Methodology, Faculty for Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah K Spierling
- Child and Family Research, Faculty for Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Birgit Leyendecker
- Child and Family Research, Faculty for Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Payne L, Goijen HJ, Cobham V, Bor W, Stathis SS, Coghill DC, Middeldorp CM. The impact of COVID-19 on children and adolescents attending Child and Youth Mental Health Services in Queensland, Australia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2023; 17:1180-1188. [PMID: 37051676 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This explorative study aims to provide insight into impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions, on mental health of children and adolescents treated at Child and Youth Mental Health Services, and their parents. METHOD The COVID-19 Mental Health Survey was disseminated to parents of children and adolescents under treatment at community Child and Youth Mental Health Services (Brisbane, Australia) between July-November 2020 throughout different stages of COVID-19 related restrictions. Parents of 110 children participated. RESULTS Most reported child's symptoms were sadness (46%), anxiety (60%), lack of focus (61%), lack of joy in their usual activities (38%) and reduction in sleep (42%). Parental emotions were significantly correlated with their child's emotions. Parent's lack of enjoyment of usual activities had the overall strongest average correlation (0.27) but this was no longer significant once other variables were controlled for. Children who attended school remotely for some of the days had a significantly (p < .05) higher risk of having more reported symptoms. Interestingly, in later stages of the lockdown with further easing of restrictions, symptoms also tended to be more severe. CONCLUSION Cross-sectional data on children and adolescents in Queensland, Australia with pre-existing mental health issues suggests mental health continued to deteriorate through the pandemic even as restrictions eased. Changes in schooling seem to be an especially important risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Payne
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hedwig J Goijen
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Cobham
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - William Bor
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen S Stathis
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - David C Coghill
- Division of Clinical Science, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Division of Neuroscience, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Mental Health, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, Australia
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Hicks TD, Yousif D, Perez IA, Keens TG, Bansal M. When to panic about a panic attack: A challenging case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2023; 48:20-23. [PMID: 37225541 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created diagnostic difficulties with the increase in mental health illnesses that often present with nonspecific symptoms, like hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a complex syndrome of varying triggers, onset, severity, and clinical manifestations that can be challenging to diagnose in many cases. Typical symptoms are nonspecific and can be attributed to other entities. There are no pediatric guidelines, which contributes to diagnostic difficulties and delays in treatment. It is particularly important to avoid diagnostic biases, have an index of suspicion for hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and to develop pediatric guidelines as outcomes are excellent when diagnosed and treated promptly. This article discusses hypersensitivity pneumonitis with a focus on the causes, pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, outcomes, and prognosis while using a case to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Hicks
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Deena Yousif
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Iris A Perez
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas G Keens
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Manvi Bansal
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Royuela-Colomer E, Fernández-González L, Orue I, Calvete E. The Association between exposure to COVID-19, internalizing symptoms, and Dispositional Mindfulness in Adolescents: a longitudinal pre- and during-pandemic study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1521-1533. [PMID: 35426548 PMCID: PMC9010714 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between contact with COVID-19 and internalizing symptoms in Spanish adolescents, and the moderation and mediation roles of dispositional mindfulness. Adolescents (N = 383; 58% female; Mage = 15.62, SD = 1.32) completed measures of dispositional mindfulness (MAAS-A) and internalizing symptoms (DASS-21), other stressors different from COVID-19, and contact with COVID-19 twice, in October 2019 and 2020. Three profiles emerged according to their contact with COVID-19: (1) little/no contact, (2) knowing someone close (outside home) who was infected, hospitalized, or died, and (3) being or someone at home being infected and/or hospitalized. Compared to little/no contact, both contact profiles predicted dispositional mindfulness and anxiety; and profile 2 predicted stress. Dispositional mindfulness mediated the association between both contact profiles and depression and stress. This study suggests that contact with COVID-19 predicts increased internalizing symptoms in adolescents, which could be partially explained by the decrease in mindfulness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Royuela-Colomer
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Liria Fernández-González
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Izaskun Orue
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Esther Calvete
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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Toulany A, Kurdyak P, Stukel TA, Strauss R, Fu L, Guan J, Fiksenbaum L, Cohen E, Guttmann A, Vigod S, Chiu M, Moore Hepburn C, Moran K, Gardner W, Cappelli M, Sundar P, Saunders N. Sociodemographic Differences in Physician-Based Mental Health and Virtual Care Utilization and Uptake of Virtual Care Among Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:904-915. [PMID: 36855797 PMCID: PMC9982398 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231156254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the relationship between social determinants of health and physician-based mental healthcare utilization and virtual care use among children and adolescents in Ontario, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This population-based repeated cross-sectional study of children and adolescents (3-17 years; N = 2.5 million) used linked health and demographic administrative data in Ontario, Canada (2017-2021). Multivariable Poisson regressions with generalized estimating equations compared rates of outpatient physician-based mental healthcare use during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic with expected rates based on pre-COVID patterns. Analyses were conducted by socioeconomic status (material deprivation quintiles of the Ontario Marginalization index), urban/rural region of residence, and immigration status. RESULTS Overall, pediatric physician-based mental healthcare visits were 5% lower than expected (rate ratio [RR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 0.98) among those living in the most deprived areas in the first year of the pandemic, compared with the least deprived with 4% higher than expected rates (RR = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.06). There were no differences in overall observed and expected visit rates by region of residence. Immigrants had 14% to 26% higher visit rates compared with expected from July 2020 to February 2021, whereas refugees had similarly observed and expected rates. Virtual care use was approximately 65% among refugees, compared with 70% for all strata. CONCLUSION During the first year of the pandemic, pediatric physician-based mental healthcare utilization was higher among immigrants and lower than expected among those with lower socioeconomic status. Refugees had the lowest use of virtual care. Further work is needed to understand whether these differences reflect issues in access to care or the need to help inform ongoing pandemic recovery planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alene Toulany
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Therese A. Stukel
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Fiksenbaum
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eyal Cohen
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Astrid Guttmann
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simone Vigod
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Hospital and Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Chiu
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charlotte Moore Hepburn
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - William Gardner
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mario Cappelli
- Knowledge Institute on Child and Youth Mental Health and Addictions, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Purnima Sundar
- Knowledge Institute on Child and Youth Mental Health and Addictions, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Natasha Saunders
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Brock RL, Calkins FC, Hamburger ER, Kumar SA, Laifer LM, Phillips E, Ramsdell EL. Learning from adversity: What the COVID-19 pandemic can teach us about family resiliency. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:1574-1591. [PMID: 36585769 PMCID: PMC9880619 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with preschool age children and to identify pre-pandemic factors that explained unique family experiences. We leveraged an ongoing longitudinal study of relatively well-resourced community families who had reported on family functioning prior to the pandemic and completed surveys 6 months after pandemic onset. Both parents of dual parenting households endorsed significant hardships as a direct result of the pandemic (e.g., disrupted family routines, challenges at work); however, families also reported aspects of flourishing (i.e., experiencing positive outcomes in response to adversity) such as spending more time together as a family. Families were prone to greater hardships and fewer opportunities for growth to the extent that parents were lower in psychological resources (i.e., greater stress and internalizing symptoms, poor well-being) and were not on the same page as a couple (i.e., interparental discord, low quality coparenting) prior to pandemic onset. Finally, greater pandemic hardships predicted poorer parental mental health, greater family dysfunction, and elevated child psychopathology, controlling for pre-pandemic levels. Parents who reported more family flourishing from the pandemic had a stronger interparental relationship. Results are intended to inform theories of family stress and family interventions that can be tailored to promote resiliency (i.e., adaptation to challenging life events) and prevent dysfunction when families face rapid change and adjustment and high degrees of uncertainty and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Brock
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | | | - Shaina A. Kumar
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Lauren M. Laifer
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Eric Phillips
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Erin L. Ramsdell
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
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Georgeades C, Collings AT, Farazi M, Bergner C, Fallat ME, Minneci PC, Speck KE, Van Arendonk KJ, Deans KJ, Falcone RA, Foley DS, Fraser JD, Gadepalli SK, Keller MS, Kotagal M, Landman MP, Leys CM, Markel TA, Rubalcava NS, St Peter SD, Sato TT, Flynn-O'Brien KT. Relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and structural inequalities within the pediatric trauma population. Inj Epidemiol 2023; 10:62. [PMID: 38017506 PMCID: PMC10683076 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted social, political, and economic life across the world, shining a light on the vulnerability of many communities. The objective of this study was to assess injury patterns before and after implementation of stay-at-home orders (SHOs) between White children and children of color and across varying levels of vulnerability based upon children's home residence. METHODS A multi-institutional retrospective study was conducted evaluating patients < 18 years with traumatic injuries. A "Control" cohort from an averaged March-September 2016-2019 time period was compared to patients injured after SHO initiation-September 2020 ("COVID" cohort). Interactions between race/ethnicity or social vulnerability index (SVI), a marker of neighborhood vulnerability and socioeconomic status, and the COVID-19 timeframe with regard to the outcomes of interest were assessed using likelihood ratio Chi-square tests. Differences in injury intent, type, and mechanism were then stratified and explored by race/ethnicity and SVI separately. RESULTS A total of 47,385 patients met study inclusion. Significant interactions existed between race/ethnicity and the COVID-19 SHO period for intent (p < 0.001) and mechanism of injury (p < 0.001). There was also significant interaction between SVI and the COVID-19 SHO period for mechanism of injury (p = 0.01). Children of color experienced a significant increase in intentional (COVID 16.4% vs. Control 13.7%, p = 0.03) and firearm (COVID 9.0% vs. Control 5.2%, p < 0.001) injuries, but no change was seen among White children. Children from the most vulnerable neighborhoods suffered an increase in firearm injuries (COVID 11.1% vs. Control 6.1%, p = 0.001) with children from the least vulnerable neighborhoods having no change. All-terrain vehicle (ATV) and bicycle crashes increased for children of color (COVID 2.0% vs. Control 1.1%, p = 0.04 for ATV; COVID 6.7% vs. Control 4.8%, p = 0.02 for bicycle) and White children (COVID 9.6% vs. Control 6.2%, p < 0.001 for ATV; COVID 8.8% vs. Control 5.8%, p < 0.001 for bicycle). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to White children and children from neighborhoods of lower vulnerability, children of color and children living in higher vulnerability neighborhoods experienced an increase in intentional and firearm-related injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding inequities in trauma burden during times of stress is critical to directing resources and targeting intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Georgeades
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | | | - Manzur Farazi
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Carisa Bergner
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mary E Fallat
- Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
- Hiram C. Polk Jr., Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute and Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K Elizabeth Speck
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kyle J Van Arendonk
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Health Delaware Valley, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Richard A Falcone
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David S Foley
- Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
- Hiram C. Polk Jr., Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Samir K Gadepalli
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin S Keller
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meera Kotagal
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Charles M Leys
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Troy A Markel
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan S Rubalcava
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shawn D St Peter
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Thomas T Sato
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Katherine T Flynn-O'Brien
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Folch C, Ganem F, Colom-Cadena A, Martínez I, Cabezas C, Casabona J. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of adolescents by gender identity. GACETA SANITARIA 2023; 37:102346. [PMID: 38007956 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of adolescents in Catalan schools by gender identity, and to compare coping strategies adopted to manage the health crisis and their relationship with the self-perceived impact of COVID-19 on mental health. METHOD Cross-sectional study in educational centres that includes 1171 adolescents over 15 years old from October to November 2021. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to evaluate the association between coping strategies with self-perceived impact of the pandemic on mental health. RESULTS A greater proportion of girls perceived a worsening in mental health than boys due to COVID-19 (36.9% and 17.8%, respectively). The main emotions reported for both girls and boys were worry and boredom. The study found an association between positive coping strategies with less adverse mental health among girls, whereas unhealthy habits were associated with a higher probability of declaring worsening of mental health for both girls and boys. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological well-being in adolescents and a clearly worse impact on girls. It is important to keep monitoring the medium- and long-term secondary impacts of the pandemic on mental health outcomes of adolescents and to gather information that can improve services for the development of healthy coping strategies during health crises like COVID-19, which include gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Folch
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Fabiana Ganem
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Pediatria, d'Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Colom-Cadena
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Cabezas
- Public Health Secretary, Health Department of the Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Sexually Transmitted Disease and AIDS in Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departament de Pediatria, d'Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Benbenishty R, Astor RA, Roziner I. An eighteen-year longitudinal examination of school victimization and weapon use in California secondary schools. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1082-1093. [PMID: 36977820 PMCID: PMC10044100 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School safety has been a major public health issue in the United States and internationally for more than three decades. Many policies and programs have been developed and implemented to prevent school violence, improve the school climate, and increase safety. There are only a few peer-reviewed studies of changes in school violence over time. The study examined changes over time in school victimization, weapon involvement and school climate, comparing change trajectories by gender and race and different change trajectories among schools. METHODS A longitudinal study of the biennial California Healthy Kids Survey in secondary schools from 2001 to 2019. The representative sample included 6,219,166 students in grades 7, 9, and 11 (48.8% male) from 3253 schools (66% high schools). RESULTS All victimization and weapon involvement items had significant and substantial linear reductions. The largest reduction involved being in a physical fight (from 25.4% to 11.0%). There were reductions in weapon involvement (d = 0.46) and victimization (d = 0.38). Biased-based victimization only declined slightly (d = -0.05). School belongingness and safety increased (d = 0.27), adult support increased a small amount (d = 0.05), and student participation declined (d = -0.10). Changes were smallest among White students. Ninety-five percent of the schools showed the same pattern of reductions. CONCLUSIONS The findings are in contrast to the public's concerns that school violence is a growing problem. Reductions in school violence may result from social investment in school safety. A distinction should be made between school shootings and other forms of school violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Benbenishty
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel and Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ron Avi Astor
- Crump Chair in Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs and School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Ilan Roziner
- Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Communication Disorders, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Zhou J, Yang Y, Xu M, Lyu Z, Wu X. Efficacy, safety, and Pharmacoeconomics of Three Common Strategies for Pediatric Alopecia Areata Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2947-2956. [PMID: 37873509 PMCID: PMC10590599 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s425534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate and explore the efficacy, safety, and pharmacoeconomics of three common strategies for pediatric alopecia areata. Methods Chinese pediatric alopecia areata patients meeting the criteria were included and divided into three groups based on the received treatments. The efficacy, adverse events and pharmacoeconomics of these treatments were retrospectively analyzed. Results Twenty-four pediatric AA patients were recruited in this study. 100% (12/12) of patients from the traditional group achieved SALT100. In the tofacitinib group, 40.0% (2/5) of patients achieved SALT50. 20.0% (1/5) of patients achieved SALT75 and 40.0% (2/5) of patients achieved SALT100. In the MN group, 42.86% (3/7) of patients were non-responders. 14.28 (1/7) of patients achieved SALT75 and 42.86% (3/7) of patients achieved SALT100. The adverse effects (AEs) were mild in all three groups, and none of the patients discontinued the treatments due to the AEs. Comparing the other two groups, the MN treatment would be more time-intensive and more expensive. Conclusion For newly diagnosed or naive pediatric patients, the traditional treatment was the first-line approach. For long-duration, severe and refractory patients, tofacitinib and microneedling can be alternative options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongfa Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Vlooswijk C, Janssen SHM, van de Poll-Franse LV, Bijlsma R, Kaal SEJ, Kerst JM, Tromp JM, Bos MEMM, Lalisang RI, Nuver J, Kouwenhoven MCM, van der Graaf WTA, Husson O. Health-related quality of life of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: longitudinal improvements on social functioning and fatigue. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2023; 7:93. [PMID: 37702884 PMCID: PMC10499718 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among long-term Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors (AYACS) and an age- and sex-matched normative population was examined. Although the HRQoL of AYACS was worse compared to the normative population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the scores of AYACS improved over time in contrast to the normative population. Presumably, AYACS are used to adjusting their lives to stressful life events. Furthermore, the lockdown may have been beneficial for AYACS who face difficulties fully participating in society due to the impact of cancer. AYACS who encounter HRQoL issues could benefit from support interventions to empower them and build resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vlooswijk
- Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, 3511 DT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvie H M Janssen
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke V van de Poll-Franse
- Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, 3511 DT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Rhodé Bijlsma
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E J Kaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Martijn Kerst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Tromp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E M M Bos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy I Lalisang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, GROW-School of Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht UMC+ Comprehensive Cancer Center, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Nuver
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde C M Kouwenhoven
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winette T A van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Husson
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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De Muro M, Janssen AJ, Amadori S, de Fabritiis P, Sabatino D, Niscola P, Torti L, Trawinska MM, Tesei C, Bombaci F, Tarricone M, Bocchia M, Fava C, Galimberti S, Iurlo A, Luciano L, Abruzzese E. Impact on mental health, disease management, and socioeconomic modifications in hematological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Ther Adv Hematol 2023; 14:20406207231190683. [PMID: 37693118 PMCID: PMC10483981 DOI: 10.1177/20406207231190683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hematological patients are a highly vulnerable population with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms due to their immunocompromised status. COVID-19 has proven to cause serious mental health issues, such as stress, anxiety, and depression in the general population. However, data on the psycho-social impact of COVID-19 on hematological patients are lacking. Objectives This study aims to examine the psychological well-being of hematological patients in Italy during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it seeks to explore the association between modifications in the management of hematological diseases and employment status of these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting mental health outcomes. Design and Methods A survey using the DASS-21 questionnaire was administered to 1105 hematological patients. Data analysis was conducted using the R software, and logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the association between hematological patient/general population and employment status with DASS scores. Results The hematological patient population reported significantly higher levels of depression (OR 0.947, 95% CI 0.966-0.982, p < 0.001), anxiety (OR 0.948, 95% CI 0.939-0.958, p < 0.001), and stress (OR 0.984, 95% CI 0.977-0.992, p < 0.001) compared with the general population. A significant relationship has been found in stress between employed and unemployed patients (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.000-1.030, p = 0.044), as well as in the control group (OR 1.024, 95% CI 1.010-1.039, p = 0.001). In addition, employment status is significantly related to depression, anxiety, and stress in both the hematological patient group and the general population. Conclusion During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, hematological patients had elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared with the general population. The delay in their treatment and employment status played a role in their mental health outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to gain deeper insight into the long-term psychological effects and explore effective strategies for managing mental health in similar crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna De Muro
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo de Fabritiis
- Hematology S. Eugenio Hospital, Tor Vergata University, ASL Roma2, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Sabatino
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Niscola
- Hematology S. Eugenio Hospital, Tor Vergata University, ASL Roma2, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Torti
- Hematology S. Eugenio Hospital, Tor Vergata University, ASL Roma2, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristiano Tesei
- Hematology Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Bombaci
- Italian Association against Leukemia (AIL) Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Tarricone
- Italian Association against Leukemia (AIL) Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Unit of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese and University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Azienda Ospedaliera Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Abruzzese
- Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital, Tor Vergata University, ASL Roma2. Piazzale dell’Umanesimo 10, 00144 Rome, Italy
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de Faria SR, Pedras S, Inman R, Lopes JC, Moreira PAS. Subjective well-being and school engagement before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic: What good are positive emotions? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:973-985. [PMID: 37073453 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study overcomes the limited empirical evidence on the association between well-being and school engagement in times of adversity by exploiting available data from two large and comparable samples of eighth graders; one obtained prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and the second obtained during the pandemic. Results suggest that adolescents were less engaged with their learning context during the pandemic, as well as lower in positive and negative affect, but slightly more satisfied with life. Through SEM we found a stronger positive association between positive affect and school engagement in the COVID-19 group compared with the pre-COVID-19 group. This finding highlights the important role of positive affect in supporting better academic functioning in the aftermath of a global crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ribeiro de Faria
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD) [The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center], Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação [Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences] Universidade do Porto [University of Porto], Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Psicologia da Universidade do Porto [Center for Psychology at the University of Porto], Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Pedras
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD) [The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center], Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação [Institute of Psychology and Education], Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
| | - Richard Inman
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD) [The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center], Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação [Institute of Psychology and Education], Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Correia Lopes
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD) [The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center], Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo A S Moreira
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento (CIPD) [The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center], Universidade Lusíada, Porto, Portugal
- Escola de Ciências Humanas e Sociais [School of Human and Social Sciences], Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila-Real, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Educativas [Centre for Research and Intervention in Education], Universidade do Porto [University of Porto], Porto, Portugal
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Hartnett Y, Alshurafa K, McAndrew J, Daly D, Alsaffar M, Cotter D, Cannon M, MacHale S, Murphy KC, Barry H. One year of psychiatric presentations to a hospital emergency department during COVID-19. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:411-417. [PMID: 35285434 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2022.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of the first full year of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions on the volume and nature of psychiatric presentations to an emergency department (ED) in a large academic hospital. METHODS Anonymised clinical data on psychiatric presentations to the ED were collected for the 52-week period from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and compared with corresponding 1 year periods in 2019 and 2018. RESULTS There was a significant increase in psychiatric presentations overall to the ED during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years, in contrast to a reduction in total presentations for all other specialties. There was a marked increase in psychiatric presentations of those below 18 years, and in the 30-39 years and 40-49 years age groups, but a decrease in the 18-29 years group. There was a significant increase in anxiety disorder presentations but a decrease in alcohol related presentations. There was no significant change observed in the rates of presentations for self-harm or suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric presentations to the ED have increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in contrast to a decrease in presentations for other medical specialties, with this increase being driven by out-of-hours presentations. The fourfold increase in presentations of young people below the age of 18 years to the ED with mental health difficulties is an important finding and suggests a disproportionate burden of psychological strain placed on this group during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Hartnett
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Joseph McAndrew
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Darren Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan MacHale
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Barry
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Chang FC, Chang C, Tao CC. Adolescent pursuit of health information online during the COVID-19 pandemic: The roles played by eHealth literacy and psychological distress. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e51. [PMID: 37854426 PMCID: PMC10579651 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has led to an increase in mental health problems for adolescents. In this study, we examined the factors related to the eHealth literacy of adolescents and how that impacted their pursuit of health information and mental health information online during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data from the 2020 Taiwan Communication Survey, which involved a total of 1,250 national representative adolescents who completed an online questionnaire. The results showed that two-thirds of adolescents reported searching for health information online, and about half of them reported searching for mental health information online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate analysis results indicated that adolescents who spent more time learning online, had higher levels of bonding social capital and self-determination, and had higher levels of parental active internet mediation were more likely to have higher levels of eHealth literacy. In addition, multivariate analysis results showed that adolescents who had higher levels of eHealth literacy and had higher depression and anxiety were more likely to seek health information and mental health information online. In conclusion, the levels of eHealth literacy and psychological distress of adolescents played a crucial role in their pursuit of health information and mental health information online during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chingching Chang
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chao Tao
- Department of Communication and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Hurel C, Ehlinger V, Molcho M, Cohen JF, Falissard B, Sentenac M, Godeau E. Life satisfaction in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic among middle school adolescents in France: findings from a repeated cross-sectional survey (EnCLASS, 2012-2021). Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1204171. [PMID: 37614904 PMCID: PMC10443644 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1204171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Since the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have reported a decrease in adolescents' well-being. We aim to describe life satisfaction over the last decade and examine the factors associated with its variations between 2020 and 2021 among French students in their last year of middle school (around 14-15 years old). Methods Data were drawn from a repeated biennial cross-sectional national survey conducted in French schools over the last decade (EnCLASS study), using a self-administered questionnaire. After describing life satisfaction trends between 2012 and 2021 using the Cantril ladder, we examined individual changes in life satisfaction between 2020 and 2021 and their associations with housing and studying conditions during the COVID-19 lockdown, using multinomial logistic regression analysis (decrease, increase, no change as reference). Results Among the 17,686 survey respondents, an overall slight decrease in the prevalence of adolescents reporting high life satisfaction (i.e., Cantril score ≥6) was observed since 2012 with the lowest proportion reported in 2021 (77.4%). Between 2020 and 2021, 16.3% of French adolescents experienced an improvement in life satisfaction, while 17.7% experienced the opposite. Decrease in life satisfaction between 2020 and 2021 was more likely experienced by adolescents living in reconstructed families [aOR 2.09 (95%CI, 1.58-2.77)], those who did not have their own room [aOR 1.58 (1.16-2.15)], nor access to the Internet to interact with their friends during the lockdown [aOR 1.47 (1.09-1.98)]. Interestingly, more girls than boys were represented in both those reporting increase and decrease in life satisfaction [aOR 1.82 (1.40-2.37) and 1.43 (1.14-1.79), respectively]. Conclusions This study shows that the way adolescents experienced the first 2020 lockdown in France was not uniform, and that one must consider sex as well as housing and studying conditions when interpreting adolescents' life satisfaction decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hurel
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France
- Rennes University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Rennes, France
| | - Virginie Ehlinger
- UMR 1295 CERPOP, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Team SPHERE, Toulouse, France
| | - Michal Molcho
- Department of Children’s Studies, School of Education, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jérémie F. Cohen
- Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, CESP, Inserm U1018, Paris, France
- Public Health and Epidemiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Mariane Sentenac
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Godeau
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France
- UMR 1295 CERPOP, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Team SPHERE, Toulouse, France
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Wachira E, Chavan B, Nganga-Good C, Kingori C. The association between COVID-19 preventive behaviors and mental health conditions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289533. [PMID: 37540660 PMCID: PMC10403101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unintended consequence of COVID-19 quarantine preventive measures, is the increased prevalence of anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between COVID-19 preventive behaviors and mental health conditions. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data collected weekly from US adults aged 18 and older nationwide as part of the COVID-19 Household Impact Survey (CIS) from the University of Chicago. Logistic regression examined associations between COVID-19 preventive behaviors (wearing a face mask, washing or sanitizing hands, and keeping six-feet distance from those outside their household), mental health conditions (self-reporting feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge, feeling lonely, and feeling hopeless about the future and a history of a mental health condition) and demographic factors. RESULTS Majority of study participants were under 60 years (62.2%), female (55.8%), and non-Hispanic White (72.2%). Overall, participants more likely to have followed all three COVID-19 measures were those who reported high psychological distress compared to those with low distress for feeling anxious (adj. OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.28, p = 0.002), lonely (adj. OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.23, p = 0.019) or hopeless (adj. OR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.21, p = 0.043) for more than a day during the past 7 days. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that individuals with mental health conditions reported more psychological distress. Specifically, feeling depressed, anxious, lonely, and hopeless were triggered and exacerbated as a result of the pandemic and may have long-term effects on general well-being and productivity. Therefore, our findings have important implications on the need to include mental health promotion as part of pandemic response efforts. This includes developing policies and allocating funding so as to ensure sustainable mental health interventions and support, public and provider education on the importance of screening for mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Wachira
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas A&M University- Commerce, Commerce, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bhakti Chavan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Caroline Kingori
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States of America
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Laifer LM, Tomaso CC, Chang OD, Phillips EM, James TD, Nelson JM, Espy KA, Alex Mason W, Nelson TD. Early executive control buffers risk for adolescent psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1205-1219. [PMID: 37211897 PMCID: PMC10526894 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact on youth mental health, and there is a critical need for research examining individual factors that contribute to increased psychopathology during the pandemic. The current study explored whether executive control (EC) abilities in early childhood interact with COVID-related stress to attenuate risk for adolescent psychopathology during the first 6 months of the pandemic. METHODS Participants were 337 youth (49% female) living in a small midwestern city in the United States. Participants completed EC tasks when they were approximately 4.5 years old as part of a longitudinal study investigating cognitive development. At annual laboratory visits during adolescence and before the pandemic, participants (Mage = 14.57) reported on mental health symptoms. In July and August of 2020, participants (Mage = 16.57) reported on COVID-related stress and depression, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. RESULTS COVID-related stress was associated with increased internalizing problems after controlling for prepandemic symptom levels. Further, the impact of COVID-related stress on adolescent internalizing problems was moderated by preschool EC, with higher levels of EC buffering the effects of COVID-related stress on adolescent internalizing problems. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of promoting EC early in development, as well as screening for EC deficits and implementing targeted intervention strategies across the lifespan to help reduce the impact of stress on adolescent internalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Laifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Cara C Tomaso
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Olivia D Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric M Phillips
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tiffany D James
- Office of Research and Economic Development, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jennifer Mize Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Office of Research and Economic Development, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - W Alex Mason
- Department of Child, Youth, & Family Studies, Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Timothy D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Escobar Lux M, Mayorga Merino M, Viviescas A, Escobar JM. The other pandemic: Mental illness in young people from low and middle-income countries. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101642. [PMID: 37442081 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Low and middle-income countries have a greater risk of living in poverty, being exposed to violence, and being serviced by precarious health systems. The COVID-19 pandemic and implementation of mitigation strategies have exacerbated these conditions of vulnerability. COVID-19 led to an increase in prevalence and awareness of existing mental health problems and healthcare gaps. Children and adolescents' mental health worsened as the pandemic progressed; their daily routines and development opportunities were affected mainly by school closures, limited peer interaction, and changed family dynamics. Understanding how various vulnerabilities can position children and adolescents at greater risk of developing a mental illness, partly because of their neuropsychological immaturity, should be a priority in this population given psychological stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Escobar Lux
- Mental Health Department and Population Health Division, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia.
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Lim CW, Othman A, Hashim HA. The Effect of Online-Delivered Guided Imagery Relaxation on Stress and Well-Being of Primary School Children. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:102-115. [PMID: 37655146 PMCID: PMC10467597 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, effectively coping with daily stressors is crucial for children who experience restrictions on physical movement and social activities. We examined the effects of the online-delivered guided imagery relaxation (GIR) technique on the stress and well-being of primary school children. Methods Thirty-four (N = 34) 11-year-old students were randomly assigned to either intervention (n = 17) or waitlist-control (n = 17) groups. The participants from the intervention group were required to attend a 4-week online GIR session and practice the techniques daily for 5 min-10 min. The Stress in Children (SiC) questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Parent Reported (SDQ-PR) and tracking form were administered pre- and post-intervention. Results Eleven (64.7%) participants attended all sessions and eight (47.0%) completed daily practices. Mixed-model ANOVA indicated no significant difference between participants from intervention and waitlist-control groups across pre- and post-intervention time points, with P-values greater than 0.05 for stress and well-being. Conclusion Issues regarding online intervention, including managing children's activities from a distance, Internet connectivity, and time limitations might have affected their adherence and the research outcome. Nonetheless, the online-delivered GIR technique is a promising intervention modality. However, its implementation should be improvised to be more impactful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chean Wei Lim
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Miconi D, Ouimet S, Kafi MAH, Dervishi E, Wiium N, Rousseau C. Risk behaviors and well-being among Egyptian and Roma adolescents in Albania during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vulnerability and resilience in a positive youth development perspective. Front Psychol 2023; 14:989661. [PMID: 37599737 PMCID: PMC10433179 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.989661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Egyptian and Roma communities represent two of the most deprived and stigmatized ethnic minorities in Albania. However, research investigating vulnerability and well-being in youth from these communities is scant. Even less is known among Egyptian and Roma adolescents who dropped-out of school. Within a Positive Youth Development framework, we investigated among Egyptian and Roma adolescents: (1) risk behaviors, well-being, and developmental assets (personal and contextual); (2) associations of developmental assets with risk behaviors and well-being; (3) specificities by ethnicity, gender, and education. Methods A total of 201 Egyptian and Roma adolescents (Mage = 16.63, SDage = 1.80; 47% girls; 53% school dropouts) completed a series of questionnaires in a community setting in August 2020 (first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic). Results Binomial, Poisson and linear regression models indicated that Egyptian and Roma adolescents reported similar and high levels of risk behaviors, with boys reporting overall more risk behaviors than girls. Low level of well-being and of personal and contextual assets were reported. Girls reported higher family assets, positive values and social competencies than boys. The situation of adolescents attending school was overall not better than that of youth who had dropped out. Higher positive identity was associated with higher well-being. Discussion Intervention and prevention efforts are urgently needed to support minority adolescents' development during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. They should address the structural factors which limit the availability of personal and contextual resources in minority youth's lives. Interventions aimed at building safer neighborhoods and providing safe access to schools for minority youth should be a priority and are essential to prevent the widening of inequalities during and after this health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Miconi
- Department of Educational Psychology and Andragogy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Ouimet
- Department of Educational Psychology and Andragogy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eglantina Dervishi
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Nora Wiium
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- Division of Social and Cultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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McDougal L, Majnoonian A, Stone G, Fielding-Miller R. Determinants of parent-reported child mental health status in San Diego public schools during the height of the COVID-19 omicron outbreak: A serial cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288628. [PMID: 37494385 PMCID: PMC10370770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive debate on the effects of COVID-19 mitigation measures in school settings, little evidence exists on trends in school children's mental health over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this paper was to identify factors affecting parent reports of school children's mental health during COVID-19 Omicron variant outbreak in a cohort of high-risk, socially vulnerable children attending public elementary schools. We analyzed four waves of cross-sectional, online-administered surveys completed by parents of children attending public elementary schools in San Diego between November 2021 and March of 2022. Children (n = 684) ranged in age from 2-17 years. We used multilevel linear mixed effects models to assess determinants of parent-reported child mental health status. The outcome was child mental health, as reported by the parent. Parents consistently rated their children's mental health as very good, though parents who experienced recent COVID-related challenges and who had older children reported lower levels of mental health in their children. Children's mental health was generally considered to be very good, as judged by their parents during a period of constant in-school masking and the Omicron variant outbreak. Structural support mechanisms aimed at mitigating COVID-related challenges for adults may offer benefit to children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus McDougal
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Araz Majnoonian
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Stone
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Salaguinto T, Guzman Y, Lowry SJ, Liljenquist K, LaFontaine R, Ortiz JE, Szilagyi PG, Fiscella K, Weaver MR, Coker TR. Can a Clinic-Based Community Health Worker Intervention Buffer the Negative Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health and Well-Being of Low-Income Families during Early Childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6407. [PMID: 37510639 PMCID: PMC10379322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined changes in self-reported mental health, physical health, and emotional support among low-income parents with children ages 0-2 years old from pre-pandemic to pandemic periods and compared changes in parental health among parents who did versus did not have access to a clinic-based community health worker intervention supporting parents at early childhood preventive care visits. We utilized longitudinal parent survey data from pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 time periods from both the intervention and control arms of an existing cohort of parents enrolled in a 10-clinic cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT). At enrollment (pre-pandemic) and 12-month follow-up (pandemic), participants reported on mental health, physical health, and emotional support using PROMIS measures (n = 401). During the pre-pandemic portion, control and intervention group parents had similar mean T-scores for mental health, physical health, and emotional support. At follow-up, mean T-scores for mental health, physical health, and emotional support decreased across both control and intervention groups, but intervention group parents had smaller declines in mental health T-scores (p = 0.005). Our findings indicate that low-income parents with young children suffered significant declines in mental and physical health and emotional support during the pandemic and that the decline in mental health may have been buffered by the community health worker intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Salaguinto
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Yasmin Guzman
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sarah J. Lowry
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kendra Liljenquist
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachel LaFontaine
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Janette E. Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter G. Szilagyi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Fiscella
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14611, USA
| | - Marcia R. Weaver
- Departments of Health Metrics Sciences & Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Tumaini R. Coker
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle Children’s, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Estevez M, Oppenchaim N, Rezzoug D, Laurent I, Domecq S, Khireddine-Medouni I, Thierry X, Galera C, De Stefano C, Vandentorren S. Social determinants associated with psychological distress in children and adolescents during and after the first COVID-19-related lockdown in France: results from the CONFEADO study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1374. [PMID: 37464340 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the parental socio-demographic characteristics of children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years old, as well as the living and housing conditions associated with the psychological distress in these two sub-populations during and after France's first national COVID-19-related lockdown in spring 2020. METHODS We used data from the cross-sectional, observational, web-based study CONFEADO, which collected data on children and adolescents' living and housing conditions and socio-demographic characteristics as well as those of their parents. It also collected data on children's and adolescents' health behaviors and psychological distress. We assessed psychological distress using the 10-item Children and Adolescents Psychological Distress Scale (CAPDS-10), and performed a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 2882 children and adolescents were included in the present study. Factors associated with moderate psychological distress included being a female, parental financial difficulties, a lack of a private living space at home for the child/adolescent, and the following child health behaviors: no leisure or recreational activities with adults in the household, doing less than one hour of school homework a day, and not going outside during the lockdown. Severe psychological distress was associated with the parent's occupation (especially essential frontline workers), a lack of a private living space at home for the child/adolescent, and the following child health behaviors: spending over 5 h a day on social media, doing less than one hour of school homework a day, and no leisure or recreational activities with adults in the household. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the impact of housing and living conditions, as well as parents' socio-economic characteristics on children's health behaviors and psychological needs during the first COVID-19-related lockdown in France. Our results suggest that health policies implemented during future pandemics should consider these structural social determinants to prevent severe psychological distress in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Estevez
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Nicolas Oppenchaim
- Université de Tours, UMR CITERES 7324, 35 Allée Ferdinand de Lesseps, Tours, 37200, France
| | - Dalila Rezzoug
- Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and General Psychiatry, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
- Centre de Recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Isaura Laurent
- École nationale de la statistique et de l'analyse de l'information (ENSAI), Bruz, France
| | - Sandrine Domecq
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Xavier Thierry
- ELFE Joint Unit, French Institute for Demographic Studies (Ined), French Institute for Medical Research and Health (Inserm), Paris, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carla De Stefano
- Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and General Psychiatry, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
- AP-HP, Urgences - Samu 93, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Centre de recherche Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France.
- Santé publique France, Saint Maurice, France.
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris (CN2R), Lille, France.
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