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Hudu SA, Jimoh AO, Adeshina KA, Otalike EG, Tahir A, Hegazy AA. An insight into the Success, Challenges, and Future perspectives of eliminating Neglected tropical disease. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2024; 24:e02165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2024] Open
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Jain L, Pradhan S, Aggarwal A, Padhi BK, Itumalla R, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Santos CAG, Al-Mugheed K, Alrahbeni T, Kukreti N, Satapathy P, Rustagi S, Heidler P, Marzo RR. Association of Child Growth Failure Indicators With Household Sanitation Practices in India (1998-2021): Spatiotemporal Observational Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e41567. [PMID: 38787607 PMCID: PMC11161711 DOI: 10.2196/41567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition among children younger than 5 years is a subtle indicator of a country's health and economic status. Despite substantial macroeconomic progress in India, undernutrition remains a significant burden with geographical variations, compounded by poor access to water, sanitation, and hygiene services. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the spatial trends of child growth failure (CGF) indicators and their association with household sanitation practices in India. METHODS We used data from the Indian Demographic and Health Surveys spanning 1998-2021. District-level CGF indicators (stunting, wasting, and underweight) were cross-referenced with sanitation and sociodemographic characteristics. Global Moran I and Local Indicator of Spatial Association were used to detect spatial clustering of the indicators. Spatial regression models were used to evaluate the significant determinants of CGF indicators. RESULTS Our study showed a decreasing trend in stunting (44.9%-38.4%) and underweight (46.7%-35.7%) but an increasing prevalence of wasting (15.7%-21.0%) over 15 years. The positive values of Moran I between 1998 and 2021 indicate the presence of spatial autocorrelation. Geographic clustering was consistently observed in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Bihar, and Gujarat. Improved sanitation facilities, a higher wealth index, and advanced maternal education status showed a significant association in reducing stunting. Relative risk maps identified hotspots of CGF health outcomes, which could be targeted for future interventions. CONCLUSIONS Despite numerous policies and programs, malnutrition remains a concern. Its multifaceted causes demand coordinated and sustained interventions that go above and beyond the usual. Identifying hotspot locations will aid in developing control methods for achieving objectives in target areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Jain
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Arun Aggarwal
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Shilpa Gaidhane
- One Health Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Global Health Academy, Division of Evidence Synthesis, School of Epidemiology and Public Health and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, India
| | | | - Khalid Al-Mugheed
- Adult Health Nursing and Critical Care, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Alrahbeni
- Molecular Toxicology and Genetics, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Petra Heidler
- Institute International Trade and Sustainable Economy, IMC Krems University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Roy Rillera Marzo
- Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Miri Sarawak, Malaysia
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Tharumakunarajah R, Lee A, Hawcutt DB, Harman NL, Sinha IP. The Impact of Malnutrition on the Developing Lung and Long-Term Lung Health: A Narrative Review of Global Literature. Pulm Ther 2024:10.1007/s41030-024-00257-z. [PMID: 38758409 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-024-00257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, over 2 billion children under the age of 5 experience stunting, wasting, or are underweight. Malnutrition contributes to 45% of all deaths in this age group (approximately 3.1 million deaths) [1]. Poverty, food insecurity, suboptimal feeding practices, climate change, and conflict are all contributing factors. Malnutrition causes significant respiratory problems, including increased risk of respiratory infections, impaired lung function, and increased risk of subsequent adult respiratory disease, including asthma, COPD, and lung cancer. Childhood malnutrition not only has serious consequences for children's health but it also has numerous consequences on wellbeing and educational attainment. Childhood malnutrition is a complex and multifaceted problem. However, by understanding and addressing the underlying causes, and investing in prevention and treatment programs, it is possible to maximize children's health and wellbeing on a global scale. This narrative review will focus on the impact of childhood malnutrition on lung development, the consequent respiratory disease, and what actions can be taken to reduce the burden of malnutrition on lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiyya Tharumakunarajah
- Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
- Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Institute of Population Health, Block F Waterhouse Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alice Lee
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel B Hawcutt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicola L Harman
- Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Institute of Population Health, Block F Waterhouse Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian P Sinha
- Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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Zoghi S, Sadeghpour Heravi F, Nikniaz Z, Shirmohamadi M, Moaddab SY, Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo H. Gut microbiota and childhood malnutrition: Understanding the link and exploring therapeutic interventions. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300070. [PMID: 38708416 PMCID: PMC11065333 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood malnutrition is a metabolic condition that affects the physical and mental well-being of children and leads to resultant disorders in maturity. The development of childhood malnutrition is influenced by a number of physiological and environmental factors including metabolic stress, infections, diet, genetic variables, and gut microbiota. The imbalanced gut microbiota is one of the main environmental risk factors that significantly influence host physiology and childhood malnutrition progression. In this review, we have evaluated the gut microbiota association with undernutrition and overnutrition in children, and then the quantitative and qualitative significance of gut dysbiosis in order to reveal the impact of gut microbiota modification using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and engineering biology methods as new therapeutic challenges in the management of disturbed energy homeostasis. Understanding the host-microbiota interaction and the remote regulation of other organs and pathways by gut microbiota can improve the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches and mitigate the negative consequences of childhood malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Zoghi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Masoud Shirmohamadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Minja EG, Mrimi EC, Mponzi WP, Mollel GJ, Lang C, Beckmann J, Gerber M, Pühse U, Long KZ, Masanja H, Okumu FO, Finda MF, Utzinger J. Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition in Schoolchildren in the Kilombero District, South-Eastern Tanzania. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:96. [PMID: 38787029 PMCID: PMC11125975 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood undernutrition is a major issue in low- and middle-income countries, affecting the health, well-being, and educational outcomes of schoolchildren. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting, wasting, and underweight among schoolchildren in peri-urban areas in the south-eastern part of Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 930 children aged 6-12 years from four primary schools from July to August 2019. The WHO Anthro Survey Analyzer was employed to estimate the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight, while logistic regression analyses examined sociodemographic background, malaria infection, anaemia, anthropometric measures, and dietary diversity score as potential factors. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, overweight, and obesity was 11.8%, 4.3%, 3.9%, 11.1%, and 2.0%, respectively. Overall, 1.5% of the children had malaria, as determined by rapid diagnostic tests, and 0.4% had severe anaemia. Univariate analysis indicated higher odds of undernutrition among children aged 9-12 compared to their younger peers. Stunting was more common among children with low and medium dietary diversity. Anaemia was found in 11.2% of schoolchildren, and severe anaemia was associated with wasting. Multivariate analysis revealed that age and low dietary diversity were significantly associated with undernutrition. These findings emphasise the need for school-based health and nutrition programmes targeting children beyond the age of 5 to improve their nutritional status and mitigate potential adverse effects on health, cognition, and academic achievement. Regular assessment of the nutritional status of schoolchildren is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elihaika G. Minja
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara P.O. Box 53, Tanzania; (E.C.M.); (W.P.M.); (G.J.M.); (H.M.); (F.O.O.); (M.F.F.)
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (K.Z.L.); (J.U.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel C. Mrimi
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara P.O. Box 53, Tanzania; (E.C.M.); (W.P.M.); (G.J.M.); (H.M.); (F.O.O.); (M.F.F.)
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (K.Z.L.); (J.U.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Winfrida P. Mponzi
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara P.O. Box 53, Tanzania; (E.C.M.); (W.P.M.); (G.J.M.); (H.M.); (F.O.O.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Getrud J. Mollel
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara P.O. Box 53, Tanzania; (E.C.M.); (W.P.M.); (G.J.M.); (H.M.); (F.O.O.); (M.F.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania
| | - Christin Lang
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.B.); (M.G.); (U.P.)
| | - Johanna Beckmann
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.B.); (M.G.); (U.P.)
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.B.); (M.G.); (U.P.)
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (C.L.); (J.B.); (M.G.); (U.P.)
| | - Kurt Z. Long
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (K.Z.L.); (J.U.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Honorati Masanja
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara P.O. Box 53, Tanzania; (E.C.M.); (W.P.M.); (G.J.M.); (H.M.); (F.O.O.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Fredros O. Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara P.O. Box 53, Tanzania; (E.C.M.); (W.P.M.); (G.J.M.); (H.M.); (F.O.O.); (M.F.F.)
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science & Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania
| | - Marceline F. Finda
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara P.O. Box 53, Tanzania; (E.C.M.); (W.P.M.); (G.J.M.); (H.M.); (F.O.O.); (M.F.F.)
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science & Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (K.Z.L.); (J.U.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
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Mwamba GN, Nzaji MK, Hoff NA, Mukadi PK, Musene KK, Gerber SK, Halbrook M, Sinai C, Fuller T, Numbi OL, Wemakoy EO, Tamfum JJM, Mukadi DN, Mapatano MA, Rimoin AW, Dikassa PSL. Nutritional Status Link with Polioseronegativity Among Children from Poliomyelitis Transmission High-Risk Area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1219-1229. [PMID: 38524863 PMCID: PMC10960541 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s437351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is identified as a risk-factor for insufficient polioseroconversion in the context of a vaccine-derived polio virus (VDPV) outbreak prone region. To assess the prevalence of malnutrition and its link to poliovirus insufficient immunity, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the regions of Haut- Lomami and Tanganyika, DRC. Methods In March 2018, we included 968 healthy children aged 6 to 59 months from eight out of 27 districts. Selection of study locations within these districts was done using a stratified random sampling method, where villages were chosen based on habitat characteristics identified from satellite images. Consent was obtained verbally in the preferred language of the participant (French or Swahili) by interviewers who received specific training for this task. Furthermore, participants contributed a dried blood spot sample, collected via finger prick. To assess malnutrition, we measured height and weight, applying WHO criteria to determine rates of underweight, wasting, and stunting. The assessment of immunity to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 through the detection of neutralizing antibodies was carried out at the CDC in Atlanta, USA. Results Of the study population, we found 24.7% underweight, 54.8% stunted, and 15.4% wasted. With IC95%, underweight (OR=1.50; [1.11-2.03]), and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.96; [1.52-2.54]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to polioserotype 1. Underweight (OR=1.64; [1.20-2.24]) and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.55; [1.20-2.01]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to polioserotype 2. Underweight (OR=1.50; [1.11-2.03]), and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.80. [1.38-2.35]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to polioserotype 3. Underweight (OR=1.68; IC95% [1.10-2.57]) and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.82; IC95% [1.30-2.55]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to all polioserotypes. Conclusion This study reveals a significant association between underweight and polioseronegativity in children. In order to reduce vaccine failures in high-risk areas, an integrated approach by vaccination and nutrition programs should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume N Mwamba
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michel Kabamba Nzaji
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nicole A Hoff
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick K Mukadi
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Kamy Kaminye Musene
- UCLA-DRC Health Research and Training Program, UCLA-DRC, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sue K Gerber
- Polio Eradication program, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Megan Halbrook
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cyrus Sinai
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevon Fuller
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Luboya Numbi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emile Okitolonda Wemakoy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Dalau Nkamba Mukadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mala Ali Mapatano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Anne W Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul-Samson Lusamba Dikassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Sulistiyowati N, Tjandrarini DH, Titaley CR, Que BJ, Hidayangsih PS, Suparmi, Sudikno S, Purwatiningsih Y, Indrawati L, Siahaan S, Adyarani WP. Suboptimal child healthcare practices and the development of multiple infectious diseases in children aged 24-59 months. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1340559. [PMID: 38504680 PMCID: PMC10948606 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1340559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infections continue to be a major cause of death among children under the age of five worldwide. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the development of multiple infectious diseases in children aged 24-59 months in Indonesia. Methods Data from the 2018 Basic Health Research conducted by the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, were used. Information from 39,948 children aged 24-59 months was analyzed. The outcome variable was the development of multiple infectious diseases, that is, acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, diarrhea, and hepatitis, in the month before the survey. Factors significantly associated with multiple types of infectious diseases were examined using logistic regression. Results The study found that 76.6% of children aged 24 to 59 months in Indonesia had at least one type of infectious disease. The likelihood of developing multiple types of infectious diseases increased in children whose parents did not practice appropriate handwashing with soap and running water [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.16, p < 0.001], those who received supplemental food (aOR = 1.38, p < 0.001), those with poor nutritional status (aOR = 1.12, p < 0.001), and those living in urban areas (aOR = 1.07, p = 0.045). Conclusion Improving caregivers' awareness of adequate child healthcare practices, in addition to nutrition-sensitive and specific interventions to improve children's nutritional status, is required to prevent children from contracting multiple types of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sulistiyowati
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Bertha J. Que
- Faculty of Medicine, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Puti Sari Hidayangsih
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Suparmi
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sudikno Sudikno
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yuni Purwatiningsih
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Lely Indrawati
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Selma Siahaan
- Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
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Mahtab S, Blau DM, Madewell ZJ, Ogbuanu I, Ojulong J, Lako S, Legesse H, Bangura JS, Bassat Q, Mandomando I, Xerinda E, Fernandes F, Varo R, Sow SO, Kotloff KL, Tapia MD, Keita AM, Sidibe D, Onyango D, Akelo V, Gethi D, Verani JR, Revathi G, Scott JAG, Assefa N, Madrid L, Bizuayehu H, Tirfe TT, El Arifeen S, Gurley ES, Islam KM, Alam M, Zahid Hossain M, Dangor Z, Baillie VL, Hale M, Mutevedzi P, Breiman RF, Whitney CG, Madhi SA. Post-mortem investigation of deaths due to pneumonia in children aged 1-59 months in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia from 2016 to 2022: an observational study. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:201-213. [PMID: 38281495 PMCID: PMC10864189 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network programme undertakes post-mortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), together with collection of ante-mortem clinical information, to investigate causes of childhood deaths across multiple countries. We aimed to evaluate the overall contribution of pneumonia in the causal pathway to death and the causative pathogens of fatal pneumonia in children aged 1-59 months enrolled in the CHAMPS Network. METHODS In this observational study we analysed deaths occurring between Dec 16, 2016, and Dec 31, 2022, in the CHAMPS Network across six countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and South Africa) and one in South Asia (Bangladesh). A standardised approach of MITS was undertaken on decedents within 24-72 h of death. Diagnostic tests included blood culture, multi-organism targeted nucleic acid amplifications tests (NAATs) of blood and lung tissue, and histopathology examination of various organ tissue samples. An interdisciplinary expert panel at each site reviewed case data to attribute the cause of death and pathogenesis thereof on the basis of WHO-recommended reporting standards. FINDINGS Pneumonia was attributed in the causal pathway of death in 455 (40·6%) of 1120 decedents, with a median age at death of 9 (IQR 4-19) months. Causative pathogens were identified in 377 (82·9%) of 455 pneumonia deaths, and multiple pathogens were implicated in 218 (57·8%) of 377 deaths. 306 (67·3%) of 455 deaths occurred in the community or within 72 h of hospital admission (presumed to be community-acquired pneumonia), with the leading bacterial pathogens being Streptococcus pneumoniae (108 [35·3%]), Klebsiella pneumoniae (78 [25·5%]), and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (37 [12·1%]). 149 (32·7%) deaths occurred 72 h or more after hospital admission (presumed to be hospital-acquired pneumonia), with the most common pathogens being K pneumoniae (64 [43·0%]), Acinetobacter baumannii (19 [12·8%]), S pneumoniae (15 [10·1%]), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 [10·1%]). Overall, viruses were implicated in 145 (31·9%) of 455 pneumonia-related deaths, including 54 (11·9%) of 455 attributed to cytomegalovirus and 29 (6·4%) of 455 attributed to respiratory syncytial virus. INTERPRETATION Pneumonia contributed to 40·6% of all childhood deaths in this analysis. The use of post-mortem MITS enabled biological ascertainment of the cause of death in the majority (82·9%) of childhood deaths attributed to pneumonia, with more than one pathogen being commonly implicated in the same case. The prominent role of K pneumoniae, non-typable H influenzae, and S pneumoniae highlight the need to review empirical management guidelines for management of very severe pneumonia in low-income and middle-income settings, and the need for research into new or improved vaccines against these pathogens. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dianna M Blau
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary J Madewell
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Sandra Lako
- Aberdeen Women's Centre, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique; ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Unversitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institutó Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Elisio Xerinda
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Fabiola Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rosauro Varo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique; ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Unversitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samba O Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milagritos D Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adama Mamby Keita
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Diakaridia Sidibe
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Victor Akelo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Dickson Gethi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gunturu Revathi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J Anthony G Scott
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lola Madrid
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Hiwot Bizuayehu
- Department of Microbiology, Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency and Trauma Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S Gurley
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kazi Munisul Islam
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muntasir Alam
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ziyaad Dangor
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vicky L Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Martin Hale
- National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Portia Mutevedzi
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert F Breiman
- Wits Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cynthia G Whitney
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Ortiz-Muñiz R, Cervantes-Ríos E, Soriano-Correa C, Campos-Fernández L, Rodríguez-Cruz L, Cortés-Barberena E, Morales-Ramírez P. In Vivo Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Kinetics of Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole in Well-nourished and Undernourished Young Rats. In Vivo 2024; 38:674-682. [PMID: 38418144 PMCID: PMC10905460 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Undernutrition is a serious health problem prevalent in poor countries, affecting millions of people worldwide, especially young children, pregnant women, and sick elderly individuals. This condition increases vulnerability to infections, leading to widespread use of antibiotic treatments in undernourished populations. The objective of the present study was to determine the in vivo genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) treatment according to nutritional conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of TMP-SMX treatment were measured by analyzing the kinetics of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RET) induced in the peripheral blood of young, well-nourished (WN) and undernourished (UN) rats. RESULTS In the WN group, two distinct peaks of MN-RET were observed, while the UN group had a significantly higher basal frequency of MN-RET compared to the WN group and only a later peak. Reticulocyte (RET) frequency slightly decreased in WN, indicating a poor cytotoxic effect. In contrast, in the UN, the treatment caused a significant increase in RET frequency. The results indicate that SMX's aromaticity index decreases when formed with TMP, suggesting potentially fewer toxic effects. CONCLUSION In vivo TMP-SMX produces two MN-RET induction peaks in WN animals, indicating two DNA damage induction mechanisms and consequent micronucleus production. The UN rats did not display the two peaks, indicating that the first MN induction mechanism did not occur in UN, possibly due to pharmacokinetic effects, decreased metabolism or effects on cell proliferation. TMP-SMX has a slight cytotoxic effect on WN. In contrast, in the UN, the antibiotic treatment seems to favor early erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ortiz-Muñiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México;
| | - Elsa Cervantes-Ríos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Catalina Soriano-Correa
- Unidad de Química Computacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Linda Campos-Fernández
- Unidad de Química Computacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leonor Rodríguez-Cruz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edith Cortés-Barberena
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pedro Morales-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, México
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10
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Raiten DJ, Steiber AL, Dary O, Bremer AA. The Value of an Ecological Approach to Improve the Precision of Nutritional Assessment: Addressing Contributors and Implications of the "Multiple Burdens of Malnutrition". Nutrients 2024; 16:421. [PMID: 38337706 PMCID: PMC10857452 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, children are exposed to multiple health risks associated with diet and nutrition. Rather than simply being a condition of having too much or too little food, malnutrition is more a syndrome comprising multiple burdens of coexisting and reciprocal malnutrition, infection, or other conditions. Importantly, children with such syndromes (e.g., stunting and anemia, which are neither specific nor necessarily sensitive to nutritional status) are more likely to also have irreversible functional outcomes such as poor growth, impaired immune function, or cognitive delays. The global health community has identified nutrition-related targets (e.g., Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and World Health Organization (WHO) Global Nutrition Targets) that, for multiple reasons, are difficult to address. Moreover, as the complexity of the global health context increases with persistent pandemics of infectious diseases and the rising prevalence of noncommunicable diseases, there is a growing appreciation that conditions selected as nutrition/health targets indeed represent syndromes for which nutritional status serves as both an input and outcome. In recognition of the impact of these combined challenges and the role of the multiple manifestations of malnutrition, we suggest an approach to nutritional assessment that is intended to improve the precision of context-specific, equitable approaches to health promotion, disease prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA;
| | | | - Omar Dary
- USAID, Bureau for Global Health, Division of Nutrition and Environmental Health, Washington, DC 20523, USA;
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA;
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11
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Feng J, Wang Y, Liu T, Huo J, Zhuo Q, Gong Z. The Effects of Ying Yang Bao on Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-60 Months in Underdeveloped Rural Areas of China. Nutrients 2024; 16:202. [PMID: 38257096 PMCID: PMC10820366 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ying Yang Bao (YYB) intervention, a national policy in China, has been implemented for over two decades. Most previous studies have focused only on the short-term effects of YYB, while the long-term effects remain unexplored. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term effects of YYB in children aged 6-60 months. A sample of 4666 children was divided into intervention and control groups. Information on basic characteristics, physical examination, YYB consumption, etc., was obtained annually from 2018 to 2021. T-tests or chi-square tests were used to compare differences between the groups for continuous or categorical variables. Children in the intervention group showed greater incremental improvements in hemoglobin levels and physical development (p < 0.05). Prevalence of anemia, underweight, and stunting were lower in the intervention group than in the control group (all p < 0.05). Two-level regression models were constructed to assess the long-term effects of YYB. YYB reduced the risk of anemia and wasting by 37% (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.75) and 49% (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39-0.67), respectively. This study indicates that YYB could significantly improve the nutritional status of children aged 6-60 months in underdeveloped rural areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (J.F.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (J.F.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (J.F.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Junsheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (J.F.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (J.F.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhaolong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (J.F.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.)
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12
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Mwamba GN, Kabamba M, Hoff NA, Mukadi PK, Musene KK, Gerber SK, Halbrook M, Sinai C, Fuller T, Voorman A, Mawaw PM, Numbi OL, Wemakoy EO, Mechael PN, Tamfum JJM, Mapatano MA, Rimoin AW, Lusamba Dikassa PS. Prediction Model with Validation for Polioseronegativity in Malnourished Children from Poliomyelitis Transmission High-Risk Area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Pragmat Obs Res 2023; 14:155-165. [PMID: 38146546 PMCID: PMC10749540 DOI: 10.2147/por.s437485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is identified as a risk factor for insufficient polio seroconversion in the context of a vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) outbreak-prone region. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), underweight decreased from 31% (in 2001) to 26% (in 2018). Since 2004, VDPV serotype 2 outbreaks (cVDPV2) have been documented and were geographically limited around the Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika Provinces. Methods To develop and validate a predictive model for poliomyelitis vaccine response in malnourished infants, a cross-sectional household study was carried out in the Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika provinces. Healthy children aged 6 to 59 months (n=968) were enrolled from eight health zones (HZ) out of 27, in March 2018. We performed a bivariate and multivariate logistics analysis. Final models were selected using a stepwise Wald method, and variables were selected based on the criterion p < 0.05. The association between nutritional variables, explaining polio seronegativity for the three serotypes, was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results Factors significantly associated with seronegativity to the three polio serotypes were underweight, non-administration of vitamin A, and the age group of 12 to 59 months. The sensitivity was 10.5%, and its specificity was 96.4% while the positive predictive values (PPV) and negative (PNV) were 62.7% and 65.3%, respectively. We found a convergence of the curves of the initial sample and two split samples. Based on the comparison of the overlapping confidence intervals of the ROC curve, we concluded that our prediction model is valid. Conclusion This study proposed the first tool which variables are easy to collect by any health worker in charge of vaccination or in charge of nutrition. It will bring on top, the collaboration between the Immunization and the Nutritional programs in DRC integration policy, and its replicability in other low- and middle-income countries with endemic poliovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ngoie Mwamba
- Department of Public Health, University of Kamina, Kamina, Haut-Lomami, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michel Kabamba
- Department of Public Health, University of Kamina, Kamina, Haut-Lomami, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nicole A Hoff
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick K Mukadi
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Kamy Kaminye Musene
- Health Research and Training Program, UCLA-DRC, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sue K Gerber
- Polio eradication program, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Megan Halbrook
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cyrus Sinai
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevon Fuller
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arie Voorman
- Polio eradication program, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Paul Makan Mawaw
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga, 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Oscar Luboya Numbi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga, 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emile Okitolonda Wemakoy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patricia N Mechael
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mala Ali Mapatano
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Anne W Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul-Samson Lusamba Dikassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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13
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Alharbi A, Alanazi M, Alharbi M, Almonifi A, Alshehri S, AlNowaiser NM. The Incidence, Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Failure to Thrive in Children at King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e51059. [PMID: 38269214 PMCID: PMC10806586 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Failure to thrive (FTT) in children involves insufficient weight or height gain, affecting general and hospitalized populations which leads to cognitive and behavioral changes. Causes include inadequate caloric intake and underlying diseases (organic - OFTT) or psychosocial factors (non-organic - NOFTT). Our study in King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital (KASCH) aims to assess FTT incidence, prevalence, and clinical characteristics, and also, to distinguish between different causes. Methodology It is a retrospective cohort study, conducted at KASCH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This study includes children under three years old with documented FTT from 2017 to 2019. Data was collected from the hospital's electronic system and it was analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 29.0, Armonk, NY). Results Our study, including 214 FTT patients, revealed a balanced gender distribution of 109 males (50.9%), and 105 females (49.1%), with a majority of Saudi nationality 208 (97.2%). In most cases, 120 (56.1%) are in the 0-12 months age group. The prevalence of FTT was 26.75% (267 cases per 1000). Antenatal/post-natal features showed diverse delivery modes and NICU admissions. Chronic diseases like gastrointestinal diseases 62 (29.1%), cardiac 50 (23.4%), and pulmonary 50 (23.4%) conditions were prevalent. Associations were found between NICU admission and pre-term births, birth weight status, and congenital anomalies, highlighting significant clinical correlations. Conclusion Our study concluded the significant burden of FTT at KASCH. Chronic diseases were playing a major role as a cause of FTT. Thus, emphasizing the causes and knowing the importance of addressing the prevalence and incidence is effective for appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alharbi
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammed Alanazi
- Internal Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Majid Alharbi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz Almonifi
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh - Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Najd M AlNowaiser
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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14
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Abera EG, Sime H. The prevalence of malnutrition among critically ill children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:583. [PMID: 37986053 PMCID: PMC10662698 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill children have a lower nutritional reserve, compounding the restricted food intake during intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays, and scarce data are available to point out the problem. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of malnutrition among critically ill children. METHODOLOGY This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence. Databases including, PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL/EBSCO, HINARI, Google Scholar, and gray literatures were used to find relevant articles. Eligible studies were critically appraised by two independent reviewers. Systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 17 software. Funnel plot and at the 5% significance level, Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. RESULT From a total of 15 studies with 4331 study participants, the pooled prevalence of malnutrition in critically ill children was 37.19% (95% CI; 35.89-38.49) with a significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 98.6, P = < 0.0001). High income countries reported the lower pooled prevalence of malnutrition among critically ill children (30.14%, 95% CI; 28.41, 31.88). No publication bias was reported and sensitivity analysis suggested that no significance difference was shown in the prevalence of malnutrition among critically ill children with the pooled prevalence. CONCLUSION The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that more than one in three critically ill children was malnourished. Serious medical conditions in children that deserve admission to the intensive care unit could be a complication of malnutrition that may end up in deaths unless the undernutrition is addressed together with critical care intervention. Hence, specific strategies to prevent malnutrition among this neglected segment should be integrated with the existing healthcare systems and nutritional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyob Girma Abera
- Department of Public Health, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
- Clinical Trial Unit, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
| | - Habtamu Sime
- Department of Pediatrics, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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15
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Sturgeon JP, Njunge JM, Bourke CD, Gonzales GB, Robertson RC, Bwakura-Dangarembizi M, Berkley JA, Kelly P, Prendergast AJ. Inflammation: the driver of poor outcomes among children with severe acute malnutrition? Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1636-1652. [PMID: 36977352 PMCID: PMC10639108 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most life-threatening form of undernutrition and underlies at least 10% of all deaths among children younger than 5 years in low-income countries. SAM is a complex, multisystem disease, with physiological perturbations observed in conjunction with the loss of lean mass, including structural and functional changes in many organ systems. Despite the high mortality burden, predominantly due to infections, the underlying pathogenic pathways remain poorly understood. Intestinal and systemic inflammation is heightened in children with SAM. Chronic inflammation and its consequent immunomodulation may explain the increased morbidity and mortality from infections in children with SAM, both during hospitalization and in the longer term after discharge. Recognition of the role of inflammation in SAM is critical in considering new therapeutic targets in this disease, which has not seen a transformational approach to treatment for several decades. This review highlights the central role of inflammation in the wide-ranging pathophysiology of SAM, as well as identifying potential interventions that have biological plausibility based on evidence from other inflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Sturgeon
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James M Njunge
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Claire D Bourke
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruairi C Robertson
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - James A Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Paul Kelly
- is with the Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andrew J Prendergast
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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16
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Roy A, Rahaman M. Prevalence of Undernutrition and Change Detection among under five years Children of Empowered Action Group States in India: Scrutinizing from National Family Health Survey, 2016-2021. Ecol Food Nutr 2023; 62:223-242. [PMID: 37614031 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2023.2247333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Change detection and prevalence of child undernutrition among the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India were studied using National Family Health Survey-4 and 5 data. The results identified that the prevalence of undernutrition in most of the EAG states is still more than 30%. Although stunting and underweight have decreased in all EAG states, this pattern is higher than that of the national level but the prevalence of wasting has only increased in Bihar. Strengthening public health initiatives and collaborative endeavor between organizations, enhancing mother's education, increasing awareness, and raising the economic as well as sociopolitical empowerment of mothers are essential for addressing the undernutrition issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Roy
- Department of Geography, Dr. Meghnad Saha College (affiliated to University of Gour Banga), Itahar, Uttar Dinajpur, India
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17
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Sharma S, Di Castelnuovo A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Diet Quality and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1596-1616. [PMID: 37748553 PMCID: PMC10721534 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of healthy diets in the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19. Evidence suggests the influence of diet and dietary patterns during post-COVID-19, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dietary habits and quality. However, limited evidence lies on the association between a healthy diet, and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of observational studies to examine the association between diet quality, and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 among adult populations. 6158 research articles from Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were identified for eligibility. Only observational studies were included. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Thirteen studies were included (4 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 9 with COVID-19 as the outcome); 3 were case-control, 3 were cross-sectional, and 7 were prospective studies. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was examined as exposure in 7 studies, and was associated with decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2 studies, with estimates varying from 12% to 22%, while COVID-19 risk or severity was found to be reduced in 3 studies with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 36% to 77%. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet was inversely associated with COVID-19 hospitalization (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.55), whereas a healthy plant-based diet had an inverse association with both COVID-19 infection (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.94) and severity (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.74). Studies examining individual food groups generally found lower risk of infection or COVID-19 in association with larger dietary intakes of fruits, vegetables, and fiber. The overall findings of the observational studies in this review support the concept that nutritious diets might lower the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023397371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukshma Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine - EPIMED, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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de Beer ST, Slogrove AL, Eley B, Ingle SM, Jones HE, Phelanyane F, Anderson K, Kalk E, Boulle A, Davies M. Change in HIV-related characteristics of children hospitalised with infectious diseases in Western Cape, South Africa, 2008-2021: a time trend analysis. J Int AIDS Soc 2023; 26 Suppl 4:e26151. [PMID: 37909168 PMCID: PMC10618898 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the scaling up of vertical HIV transmission prevention programmes, the HIV-related population profile of children in South Africa has shifted. We described temporal changes in HIV-related characteristics of children, aged ≤3 years (up to the third birthday), with infectious disease hospitalisations across the Western Cape province. METHODS We used routinely collected electronic data to identify children born in the Western Cape with infectious disease hospital records for lower respiratory tract infections, diarrhoea, meningitis and tuberculous meningitis, from 2008 to 2021. Linked maternal and child unique identifiers were used to extract pregnancy, HIV-related, laboratory, pharmacy and hospitalisation data. We described temporal changes in child HIV exposure and acquisition status, timing of maternal HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy (ART) start, infant exposure to maternal ART and timing thereof, and maternal CD4 and HIV viral load closest to delivery. We used logistic and multinomial regression to assess changes in characteristics between the Pre-Option B+ (2008-2013), Option B+ (2013-2016) and Universal ART periods (2016-2021). RESULTS Among 52,811 children aged ≤3 years with hospitalisations, the proportion living with HIV dreased from 7.0% (2008) to 1.1% (2021), while those exposed to HIV and uninfected increased from 14.0% (2008) to 16.1% (2021) with a peak of 18.3% in 2017. Among mothers with HIV (n = 9873), the proportion diagnosed with HIV and starting ART before pregnancy increased from 20.2% to 69.2% and 5.8% to 59.0%, respectively, between 2008 and 2021. Children hospitalised during the Universal ART period had eight times higher odds (Odds Ratio: 8.41; 95% CI: 7.36-9.61) of exposure to maternal ART versus children admitted Pre-Option B+. Among mothers of children exposed to HIV and uninfected with CD4 records (n = 7523), the proportion with CD4 <350 cells/μl decreased from 90.6% (2008) to 27.8% (2021). CONCLUSIONS In recent years, among children hospitalised with infectious diseases, there were fewer children with perinatally acquired HIV, while an increased proportion of those without HIV acquisition are exposed to maternal HIV and ART. There is a need to look beyond paediatric HIV prevalence and consider child exposure to HIV and ART among children without HIV, when assessing the HIV epidemic's impact on child health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani T. de Beer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ResearchSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Health Intelligence DirectorateWestern Cape Government HealthCape TownSouth Africa
- Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Amy L. Slogrove
- Department of Paediatrics & Child HealthFaculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityWorcesterSouth Africa
| | - Brian Eley
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases UnitRed Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and the Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Suzanne M. Ingle
- Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Hayley E. Jones
- Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Florence Phelanyane
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ResearchSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Health Intelligence DirectorateWestern Cape Government HealthCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Kim Anderson
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ResearchSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Emma Kalk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ResearchSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Andrew Boulle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ResearchSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Health Intelligence DirectorateWestern Cape Government HealthCape TownSouth Africa
- Division of Public Health MedicineSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Mary‐Ann Davies
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and ResearchSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Health Intelligence DirectorateWestern Cape Government HealthCape TownSouth Africa
- Division of Public Health MedicineSchool of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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19
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Knebusch N, Mansour M, Vazquez S, Coss-Bu JA. Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake in Children with Lung Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4142. [PMID: 37836425 PMCID: PMC10574027 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to summarize the literature findings regarding the role of micronutrients in children with lung disease. The nutritional and respiratory statuses of critically ill children are interrelated, and malnutrition is commonly associated with respiratory failure. The most recent nutrition support guidelines for critically ill children have recommended an adequate macronutrient intake in the first week of admission due to its association with good outcomes. In children with lung disease, it is important not to exceed the proportion of carbohydrates in the diet to avoid increased carbon dioxide production and increased work of breathing, which potentially could delay the weaning of the ventilator. Indirect calorimetry can guide the process of estimating adequate caloric intake and adjusting the proportion of carbohydrates in the diet based on the results of the respiratory quotient. Micronutrients, including vitamins, trace elements, and others, have been shown to play a role in the structure and function of the immune system, antioxidant properties, and the production of antimicrobial proteins supporting the defense mechanisms against infections. Sufficient levels of micronutrients and adequate supplementation have been associated with better outcomes in children with lung diseases, including pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, asthma, bronchiolitis, and acute respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Knebusch
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marwa Mansour
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie Vazquez
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jorge A. Coss-Bu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.K.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Cédric Y, Nadia NAC, Nfufu S, Azizi MA, Sandra TNJ, Payne VK. Nematocidal Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Persea americana Seeds against Heligmosomoides polygyrus using the Worm Microtracker Method. J Parasitol Res 2023; 2023:9545565. [PMID: 37745983 PMCID: PMC10513806 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9545565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infections with gastrointestinal helminths constitute a serious obstacle to the good health of the local population in most African Countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of Persea americana ethanol and aqueous extracts against Heligmosomoides polygyrus using the worm microtracker. Method Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. americana were prepared. Different concentrations of the extracts were tested against the egg and larvae stages of H. polygyrus using an automated high-throughput method. Briefly, embryonated eggs and larvae of this parasite were obtained after the incubation of fresh eggs at 25°C for 24, 48, and 96 hours for embryonated eggs, L1 and L2 larvae, respectively. One hundred microliters of the plant extracts at various concentrations were put in contact in a 96-well microplate with a suspension of 100 embryonated eggs in a total volume of 200 μL and incubated in a worm microtracker where the motility of the worms was recorded every 30 minutes for the ovicidal activity. The final tested extract concentration was 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125 mg/mL, whereas ringer solution (0.95%) and 1.5% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as negative controls and levamisole as positive control. The same method was used for larvicidal activities. The anthelmintic activity was determined using the average movement of the worms in the tested product compared with the negative control (1.5% DMSO and ringer solution). Results The egg hatching rates of H. polygyrus had IC50 of 0.49 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 71.70-92.03) and 0.22 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 74.28-86.18) for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. These IC50 indicate that the aqueous extract is more active for the inhibition of hatching at a 95% confidence interval. The aqueous and ethanol extracts presented mean inhibitory hatching rates of 78.33 ± 1.67% and 75.67 ± 1.15% at 5 mg/mL, respectively, with no significant differences. The highest percentage of inhibition of L1 larva was observed at 5 mg/mL with 89 ± 2.3%and 85 ± 2.7% for the ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. The lowest percentage of inhibition was observed at 0.3125 mg/mL, with 54.67 ± 3.38% and 49 ± 2.64% for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two extracts at 5 mg/mL with an inhibitory percentage of 90.67 ± 3.05% (ethanol) and 89.33 ± 2.08% (aqueous). Conclusion Extracts of P. americana seeds possess nematocidal activity, however, further in silico and in vivo investigations are necessary to confirm their anthelminthic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamssi Cédric
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Sandra Nfufu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Mounvera Abdel Azizi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Vincent Khan Payne
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon
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Islam MR, Nuzhat S, Alam J, Huq S, Chisti MJ, Ahmed T. Inpatient Morbidity and Mortality of Severely Underweight Children Was Comparable to That of Severely Wasted Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:698-703. [PMID: 37580034 PMCID: PMC10484262 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both wasting and undernutrition are responsible for multiple morbidities and increased mortality in younger children hospitalized for acute illnesses. The question of whether children who are suffering from severe underweight are as vulnerable as children suffering from severe wasting needs to be researched further. We aimed to compare the morbidity and mortality of severely underweight but not severely wasted (SU-nSW) children with that of severely wasted (SW) children admitted to inpatient wards of a hospital. Data from 12,894 children aged < 5 years were collected using cross-sectional methods from Dhaka Hospital, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh between March 2019 and December 2021. After exclusion of non-desired populations (N = 8,834), comparisons between SU-nSW (N = 1,876) and SW (N = 2,184) children were observed. The risk of morbidities and mortality among SU-nSW and SW children was analyzed after adjusting for age and sex. Inpatient morbidities were mostly similar among children with sepsis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.69, 1.19; P = 0.472) and convulsions (aOR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.51, 1.37; P = 0.475). Dehydration (aOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.81; P < 0.001) and hypokalemia (aOR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.79; P = 0.001) were more likely associated with SW children than with SU-nSW children. Pneumonia/severe pneumonia was more likely to affect SU-nSW children (aOR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.48; P = 0.018). Death was comparable between the two groups (aOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.70, 2.49; P = 0.386). This study underscores the importance of implementing present treatment guidelines for severe acute malnutrition in the facility-based management of severely underweight children as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ridwan Islam
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharika Nuzhat
- Clinical and Diagnostic Services, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jinat Alam
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sayeeda Huq
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
- Clinical and Diagnostic Services, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Clinical and Diagnostic Services, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Office of the Executive Director, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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22
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Mphasha MH, Makwela MS, Muleka N, Maanaso B, Phoku MM. Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Practices among Caregivers at Seshego Zone 4 Clinic in Limpopo Province, South Africa. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:986. [PMID: 37371218 DOI: 10.3390/children10060986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding and complementary feeding are key components of infant and young child feeding that ensure healthy growth, survival, and development. Initiating breastfeeding within an hour after delivery, exclusively breastfeeding for six months, and introducing complementary feeding at six months while continuing breastfeeding up to 24 months or beyond, helps in the prevention of malnutrition, which is a public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among caregivers of children under 24 months in Seshego, Limpopo Province. A quantitative and cross-sectional design was applied to collect data from 86 caregivers using convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was utilised to gather data and analysed through statistical software, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square tests were used to determine associations at a 95% confidence interval where a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The findings show that 55% of participants had good breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. Moreover, 94.2% of participants breastfeed within an hour after delivery at a healthcare facility. Only 43.6% of children were exclusively breastfed. Most participants (52.3%) gave children food before six months and 45.1% introduced complementary feeding at the appropriate age. Also, 69.7% of children across all age groups were not given infant formula. No statistical association was observed between feeding practices and sociodemographic. Breastfeeding was initiated within an hour after delivery at the healthcare facilities, however, post discharge exclusive breastfeeding maintenance remains a challenge. Few infants were introduced to complementary feeding at the appropriate age. A post discharge intervention to practice exclusive breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding, and introduction of appropriate complementary feeding is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Mphasha
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - M S Makwela
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - N Muleka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - B Maanaso
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - M M Phoku
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
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23
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Anatskaya OV, Runov AL, Ponomartsev SV, Vonsky MS, Elmuratov AU, Vinogradov AE. Long-Term Transcriptomic Changes and Cardiomyocyte Hyperpolyploidy after Lactose Intolerance in Neonatal Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087063. [PMID: 37108224 PMCID: PMC10138443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cardiovascular diseases originate from growth retardation, inflammation, and malnutrition during early postnatal development. The nature of this phenomenon is not completely understood. Here we aimed to verify the hypothesis that systemic inflammation triggered by neonatal lactose intolerance (NLI) may exert long-term pathologic effects on cardiac developmental programs and cardiomyocyte transcriptome regulation. Using the rat model of NLI triggered by lactase overloading with lactose and the methods of cytophotometry, image analysis, and mRNA-seq, we evaluated cardiomyocyte ploidy, signs of DNA damage, and NLI-associated long-term transcriptomic changes of genes and gene modules that differed qualitatively (i.e., were switched on or switched off) in the experiment vs. the control. Our data indicated that NLI triggers the long-term animal growth retardation, cardiomyocyte hyperpolyploidy, and extensive transcriptomic rearrangements. Many of these rearrangements are known as manifestations of heart pathologies, including DNA and telomere instability, inflammation, fibrosis, and reactivation of fetal gene program. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis identified possible causes of these pathologic traits, including the impaired signaling via thyroid hormone, calcium, and glutathione. We also found transcriptomic manifestations of increased cardiomyocyte polyploidy, such as the induction of gene modules related to open chromatin, e.g., "negative regulation of chromosome organization", "transcription" and "ribosome biogenesis". These findings suggest that ploidy-related epigenetic alterations acquired in the neonatal period permanently rewire gene regulatory networks and alter cardiomyocyte transcriptome. Here we provided first evidence indicating that NLI can be an important trigger of developmental programming of adult cardiovascular disease. The obtained results can help to develop preventive strategies for reducing the NLI-associated adverse effects of inflammation on the developing cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey L Runov
- The D.I. Mendeleev All-Russian Institute for Metrology (VNIIM), Moskovsky ave 19, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russia
- Almazov Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Street 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | | | - Maxim S Vonsky
- The D.I. Mendeleev All-Russian Institute for Metrology (VNIIM), Moskovsky ave 19, Saint Petersburg 190005, Russia
- Almazov Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Street 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Artem U Elmuratov
- Medical Genetics Centre Genotek, Nastavnichesky Alley 17-1-15, Moscow 105120, Russia
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Muleka N, Maanaso B, Phoku M, Mphasha MH, Makwela M. Infant and Young Child Feeding Knowledge among Caregivers of Children Aged between 0 and 24 Months in Seshego Township, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071044. [PMID: 37046971 PMCID: PMC10094686 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) involves the initiation of breastfeeding within an hour of delivery, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, introduction of complementary feeding at 6 months while continuing breastfeeding for 2 years or beyond. Adequate IYCF knowledge among caregivers is associated with improved practices, lowers risk of kids developing malnutrition, infection, morbidity, and mortality. Early introduction of solid foods, mixed feeding, inadequate breastfeeding, and complementary feeding are all prevalent in South Africa. These are related to caregivers' lack of IYCF knowledge. Hence, this study aims to determine the IYCF knowledge level of caregivers of children under 24 months in the semiurban Seshego Township, South Africa. METHODOLOGY Quantitative and cross-sectional design was applied. A total of 86 caregivers were selected using simple random sampling, which is representative of a target population of 110. Structured questionnaire was utilised to gather data, and analysed through statistical software, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square test was used to calculate associations at 95% confidence interval, where a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Findings show that 67% of participants had good IYCF knowledge (a score of 81 to 100%) and there was a significant relationship between knowledge and education (p = 0.001). Moreover, 40.7% did not know that exclusive breastfeeding should be up to 6 months, and 90% mentioned that breastmilk protects the child against diseases. Most participants (82.6%) know that complementary feeding should be introduced at 6 months with continuation of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers know that breastfeeding should begin immediately after birth, and that it protects against diseases. Moreover, they know that solid food should be introduced at 6 months. However, there is still a need to strengthen IYCF education, particularly on exclusive breastfeeding. Interventions to improve IYCF knowledge should be intertwined with improving educational and health literacy on breastfeeding and complementary feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndivhudzannyi Muleka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0790, South Africa
| | - Baatseba Maanaso
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0790, South Africa
| | - Mafiwa Phoku
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0790, South Africa
| | | | - Maishataba Makwela
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0790, South Africa
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25
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Howley K, Berthelette A, Ceglia S, Kang J, Reboldi A. Embryonic type 3 innate lymphoid cells sense maternal dietary cholesterol to control local Peyer's patch development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.19.533339. [PMID: 36993524 PMCID: PMC10055282 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.19.533339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells develop during intrauterine life and rely on developmental programs to initiate the organogenesis of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). This evolutionary conserved process endows the fetus with the ability to orchestrate the immune response after birth and to react to the triggers present in the environment. While it is established that LTi function can be shaped by maternal-derived cues and is critical to prepare the neonate with a functional scaffold to mount immune response, the cellular mechanisms that control anatomically distinct SLO organogenesis remain unclear. We discovered that LTi cells forming Peyer's patches, gut-specific SLOs, require the coordinated action of two migratory G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) GPR183 and CCR6. These two GPCRs are uniformly expressed on LTi cells across SLOs, but their deficiency specifically impacts Peyer's patch formation, even when restricted to fetal window. The unique CCR6 ligand is CCL20, while the ligand for GPR183 is the cholesterol metabolite 7α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-HC), whose production is controlled by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). We identified a fetal stromal cell subset that expresses CH25H and attracts LTi cells in the nascent Peyer's patch anlagen. GPR183 ligand concentration can be modulated by the cholesterol content in the maternal diet and impacts LTi cell maturation in vitro and in vivo, highlighting a link between maternal nutrients and intestinal SLO organogenesis. Our findings revealed that in the fetal intestine, cholesterol metabolite sensing by GPR183 in LTi cells for Peyer's patch formation is dominant in the duodenum, the site of cholesterol absorption in the adult. This anatomic requirement suggests that embryonic, long-lived non-hematopoietic cells might exploit adult metabolic functions to ensure highly specialized SLO development in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Howley
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Alyssa Berthelette
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Simona Ceglia
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
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Akram N, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Shah YA, Qamar A, Faisal Z, Ghani S, Ateeq H, Akhtar MN, Tufail T, Hussain M, Asghar A, Rasheed A, Jbawi EA. Gut microbiota and synbiotic foods: Unveiling the relationship in COVID-19 perspective. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1166-1177. [PMID: 36911846 PMCID: PMC10002946 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the globe and is causing widespread disaster. The impact of gut microbiota on lung disease has been widely documented. Diet, environment, and genetics all play a role in shaping the gut microbiota, which can influence the immune system. Improving the gut microbiota profile through customized diet, nutrition, and supplementation has been shown to boost immunity, which could be one of the preventative methods for reducing the impact of various diseases. Poor nutritional status is frequently linked to inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can affect the immune system. This review emphasizes the necessity of maintaining an adequate level of important nutrients to effectively minimize inflammation and oxidative stress, moreover to strengthen the immune system during the COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, the purpose of this review is to present information and viewpoints on the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics as adjuvants for microbiota modification and its effects on COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akram
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aiza Qamar
- Department of Nutrition and Health PromotionUniversity of Home Economics LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Zargham Faisal
- Institute of Food Science and NutritionBahauddin Zakariya University MultanMultanPakistan
| | - Samia Ghani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadPunjabPakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Tabassum Tufail
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional SciencesThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aasma Asghar
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ammara Rasheed
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
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Standard vs. Nutrient-Enriched Cow's Milk and Its Impacts on Child Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051124. [PMID: 36904123 PMCID: PMC10005242 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stunting among children indicates malnutrition or undernutrition, hindering their growth and development. This will have negative effects on the overall health of children. This review investigates the effects of different types of cow's milk and their impacts on children's growth. A web-based search of Cochrane, Web of Science, SAGE, and Prospero was carried out using predetermined search/MESH phrases and keywords. The data extraction and analysis were carried out independently by two reviewers, who then double-checked, revised, and discussed any disagreements with a third reviewer. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were rated as good (N = 5) and fair quality (N = 3), which were included in the final analysis. The results illustrated that standard cow's milk has more consistent findings than nutrient-enriched cow's milk potentially in assisting children's growth. However, studies on standard cow's milk and child's growth are still lacking for this age group. In addition, there are inconsistent findings between nutrient-enriched cow's milk and children's growth. It is crucial to ensure milk is included in children's diets as per recommended nutrient intake.
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Li W, Yang Y, Li Z, Chen W. Effect of malnutrition and nutritional support to reduce infections in elderly hospitalized patients with cancer: A multicenter survey in China. Nutrition 2023; 106:111894. [PMID: 36459844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malnutrition is common among elderly patients with cancer, and greatly affects patients' quality of life. Malnutrition is a key factor in the development of systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation that can exacerbate. METHODS A total of 633 elderly patients with cancer from 29 tertiary public hospitals in 14 cities in China were selected as the research subjects. Physical examination, questionnaire survey, medical history collection, and blood index detection were performed on the research subjects to analyze the relationship between malnutrition, nutritional support, and infection status. RESULTS There was no significant difference in infection rate among elderly hospitalized patients with cancer and different cancer types, cancer stages, or therapy methods (P > 0.05). The proportion of vomiting, loss of appetite, depression, and physical fatigue in patients with good nutritional status were lower than in patients with moderate or severe malnutrition (P < 0.05). Nutritional support is crucial for the nutritional status of elderly patients with cancer, and patients without special nutritional guidance are more likely to develop infection (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding variables, the results of the logistic regression analysis showed that oral nutritional supplements (odds ratio [OR]: 0.088; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.015-0.514), parenteral nutrition (OR: 0.091; 95% CI, 0.011-0.758), and individualized nutritional guidance (OR: 0.026; 95% CI, 0.003-0.202) were all protective factors associated with cancer infection. CONCLUSIONS Many elderly hospitalized patients with cancer have local or systemic infections, and good nutrition is associated with lower rates of infection. Receiving nutritional guidance or support is associated with lower infection rates in elderly patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyang Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Bhoite R, Satyavrat V, Premasudha Sadananda M. Clinical benefits of β-glucan supplementation in children: a review. DISCOVER FOOD 2022. [PMCID: PMC9793387 DOI: 10.1007/s44187-022-00038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMalnutrition is a global concern since it affects 130 million children under the age of 5 worldwide. The child’s immunity is brutally compromised, making them susceptible to various diseases and infections, leading to a high mortality rate. Multiple strategies have been implemented to strengthen immunity in children with compromised immunity, such as rendering a balanced diet, fortifying food, dietary supplements, and introducing potential natural dietary fibers to maintain good nutrition status, such as β-glucan. A class of biologically active polysaccharides, sourced from yeast, mushroom, bacteria, and cereals with versatile immunomodulatory benefits that potentially primes the host immune system, drives several metabolic health effects, increases infection resistance, shields against the damaging effects of stress, and maintains healthy energy levels. This review focuses on the capabilities, underlying mechanisms, immune-stimulating potency, and clinically meaningful shreds of evidence to substantiate the multiple health benefits of β-glucan in children. Although, more clinical studies are required, current findings confirms the various biological response modifying abilities of β-glucan that may notably aid in the development of a strong immune system in children for their overall health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Bhoite
- Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, India
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van Zandvoort K, Bobe MO, Hassan AI, Abdi MI, Ahmed MS, Soleman SM, Warsame MY, Wais MA, Diggle E, McGowan CR, Satzke C, Mulholland K, Egeh MM, Hassan MM, Hergeeye MA, Eggo RM, Checchi F, Flasche S. Social contacts and other risk factors for respiratory infections among internally displaced people in Somaliland. Epidemics 2022; 41:100625. [PMID: 36103782 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations affected by humanitarian crises experience high burdens of acute respiratory infections (ARI), potentially driven by risk factors for severe disease such as poor nutrition and underlying conditions, and risk factors that may increase transmission such as overcrowding and the possibility of high social mixing. However, little is known about social mixing patterns in these populations. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional social contact survey among internally displaced people (IDP) living in Digaale, a permanent IDP camp in Somaliland. We included questions on household demographics, shelter quality, crowding, travel frequency, health status, and recent diagnosis of pneumonia, and assessed anthropometric status in children. We present the prevalence of several risk factors relevant to transmission of respiratory infections, and calculated age-standardised social contact matrices to assess population mixing. RESULTS We found crowded households with high proportions of recent self-reported pneumonia (46% in children). 20% of children younger than five are stunted, and crude death rates are high in all age groups. ARI risk factors were common. Participants reported around 10 direct contacts per day. Social contact patterns are assortative by age, and physical contact rates are very high (78%). CONCLUSIONS ARI risk factors are very common in this population, while the large degree of contacts that involve physical touch could further increase transmission. Such IDP settings potentially present a perfect storm of risk factors for ARIs and their transmission, and innovative approaches to address such risks are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin van Zandvoort
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohamed Omer Bobe
- Save the Children International, Maansoor area, Jig-jiga yar, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Abdirahman Ibrahim Hassan
- Republic of Somaliland Ministry of Health Development, 26 June District, Presidential Road, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Mohamed Ismail Abdi
- Save the Children International, Maansoor area, Jig-jiga yar, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Mohammed Saed Ahmed
- Save the Children International, Maansoor area, Jig-jiga yar, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Saeed Mohamood Soleman
- Republic of Somaliland Ministry of Health Development, 26 June District, Presidential Road, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Mohamed Yusuf Warsame
- Republic of Somaliland Ministry of Health Development, 26 June District, Presidential Road, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Muna Awil Wais
- Save the Children International, Maansoor area, Jig-jiga yar, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Emma Diggle
- Save the Children UK, 1 St John's Lane, London EC1M 4AR, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine R McGowan
- Save the Children UK, 1 St John's Lane, London EC1M 4AR, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics at the Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics at the Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Mohamed Abdi Hergeeye
- Republic of Somaliland Ministry of Health Development, 26 June District, Presidential Road, Hargeisa, Somaliland
| | - Rosalind M Eggo
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Checchi
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Flasche
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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Chisala M, Nyangulu W, Nyirenda J, Iroh Tam PY. Respiratory and diarrhoeal pathogens in Malawian children hospitalised with diarrhoea and association with short-term growth: A prospective cohort study. Gates Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.14061.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pneumonia and diarrhoea are the leading causes of childhood mortality and morbidity worldwide. The gut-lung axis is associated with disease, and these common infections, especially the parasite Cryptosporidium, are associated with malnutrition. We sought to evaluate the association of respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens with short-term growth among children hospitalised with diarrhoeal disease. Methods: In this sub-study, we followed 27 children (two-24 months) who tested positive for Cryptosporidium spp. for eight weeks with two weekly sampling of the respiratory and GI tract. Respiratory and stool pathogens were detected using quantitative molecular methods. Nutritional outcomes were assessed as length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores. Changes over the study period were compared using repeated analysis of variance and mixed effects model analysis. Results: In this period,104 sputum and stool samples were collected. All stool samples had at least one pathogen detected, with an average of 5.1 (SD 2.1) stool pathogens, compared to 84% of the sputum samples with an average 3.5 (SD 1.8). Diarrhoeagenic E. coli were the most common stool pathogens (89%), followed by Cryptosporidium (57.6%) and Adenovirus pan (41%). In sputum, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most prevalent pathogen (84%), followed by hinovirus (56%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (50%). There was a significant change in WAZ over the follow-up period. Children who had ≥3 GI pathogens had significantly a lower LAZ mean score at enrolment (-1.8 [SD 1.4]) and across the follow-up period. No relationship between respiratory pathogens and short-term growth was observed. Out of 49 sputum samples that had ≥3 pathogens, 42 (85%) concurrent stool samples had ≥3 GI pathogens. Conclusions: Among young children hospitalised with diarrhoea, multiple GI and respiratory pathogens were prevalent over an eight-week follow-up period. The presence of more GI, but not respiratory, pathogens was significantly associated with reduced short-term growth.
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Matandirotya NR, Filho WL, Mahed G, Maseko B, Murandu CV. Edible Insects Consumption in Africa towards Environmental Health and Sustainable Food Systems: A Bibliometric Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14823. [PMID: 36429542 PMCID: PMC9690926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Africa is home to an estimated wild edible insect population of 1000 species that offer an opportunity for sustainable food systems while also improving food and nutrition security on the continent. Edible insect consumption has been part of African communities for a long time and forms part of their diets and cuisines, particularly within low-income households with limited resources. The purpose of our study was to investigate and review the contribution that edible insects can make towards the realisation of sustainable food systems, and environmental/planetary health including the fulfilment of Sustainable Development Goal number 2 (zero hunger). Our study applied a bibliometric analysis approach using VOS Viewer, a data mining software. The study established that the consumption of edible insects is still widespread across many African countries and therefore can be used as an avenue for improving environmental health and enhancing food systems on the continent through a reduction in meat-based diets. This, in the long term, will also reduce the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane from livestock production-related activities. Edible insects are also known to contain a high percentage nutrient content of proteins, fats and iron and, thus, can also play a vital role in reducing food insecurity and malnutrition, particularly within low-income households. Due to the existence of a high number of edible insect species on the continent, communities in Africa can easily access sources that can further be preserved using various indigenous techniques while also having minimal impact on the environment. In addition, being a source of nutritious food, edible insects can also be a source of establishing sustainable livelihoods, as well as being able to be commercialised, thus further creating employment opportunities and economic growth. Some of the notable edible insects in abundance on the continent include termites, ants, crickets and caterpillars. Our study recommends that Africa should commercialise edible insect production, in addition to preservation processing that leads to the eradication of perennial food insecurity and malnutrition and improves environmental health, as well as developing sustainable food systems. We also further recommend the establishment of food safety guidelines on edible insects as most African countries do not have such a plan in place currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newton R. Matandirotya
- Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa
- Centre for Climate Change Adaptation & Resilience, Kgotso Development Trust, Beitbridge P.O. Box 5, Zimbabwe
| | - Walter Leal Filho
- Research and Transfer Centre “Sustainable Development and Climate Change Management”, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Gaathier Mahed
- Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa
| | - Basil Maseko
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Midlands State University, Gweru Private Bag 9055, Zimbabwe
| | - Cleophas V. Murandu
- National Anglican Theological College of Zimbabwe, 11 Thornburg Avenue, Mount Pleasant, Harare Private Bag 2503, Zimbabwe
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Raru TB, Ayana GM, Merga BT, Negash B, Deressa A, Birhanu A, Hassen FA, Roba KT. Magnitude of under-nutrition among under five children in Ethiopia based on 2019 Mini-Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey: Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). BMC Nutr 2022; 8:113. [PMID: 36253811 PMCID: PMC9575191 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malnutrition is a major public health problem that is experienced by many developing countries, like Ethiopia. Though some studies were conducted to identify the magnitude and determinants of acute malnutrition among under-five children, there is a lack of evidence that is representative of all children in Ethiopia. Hence, this national-level data could be representative of all targets and provide us with updated information on the nation-wide magnitude of nutritional status among children under the age of five in Ethiopia. METHODS This study used data from the 2019 Mini-Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Children aged 0-59 months with anthropometry data were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 15 software. Cross-tabulations and summary statistics were done to describe the study population. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were used to estimate the association between nutritional status and explanatory variables and were expressed as an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Model comparison was done based on Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AIC and BIC). RESULTS The magnitude of stunting was 37.71% [95%CI: 36.35-39.08], while the magnitude of wasting was 7.14% [95%CI: 6.52-7.91]. Living in Tigray [AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 2.05-4.11], Amhara [AOR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.41-2.79], having a child aged 24-35 [AOR = 3.79, 95%CI: 3.07-4.68], and being a rural resident were all significantly associated with stunting. Being born in Tigray [AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02-3.01], being born into the richest family [AOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.27-0.80], and being born from mothers aged 25-29 [AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.96] were all significantly associated with wasting. CONCLUSION The magnitude of stunting and wasting is relatively high in Ethiopia. Region, place of residence, and age of the child were significantly associated with stunting, and region, wealth index, and age of the child were significantly associated with wasting. This result provides a clue to give due consideration to under-five children to mitigate the risks of malnutrition through various techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temam Beshir Raru
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Alemayehu Deressa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fila Ahmed Hassen
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Hyder S, Chhem RK, Claes F, Karlsson EA. Pestilence and famine: Continuing down the vicious cycle with COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010810. [PMID: 36201447 PMCID: PMC9536538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that we produce enough food to feed everyone on Earth, world hunger is on the rise. On the other side of the table, the obesity crisis also weighs heavily. Malnutrition is less about food than about socioeconomic factors such as conflict, poverty, and global disasters such as climate change and the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nutrition and infectious disease exist in an intricate dance. Adequate and balanced nutrition is critical for appropriate response to infection and any changes in the balance can serve as a tipping point for the next pandemic. On the other hand, pandemics, such as COVID-19, lead to greater malnutrition. Both over- and undernutrition increase severity of disease, alter vaccine effectiveness, and potentially create conditions for viral mutation and adaptation-further driving the disease and famine vicious cycle. These long-term health and socioeconomic repercussions have direct effects at individual and global levels and lead to long-term consequences. Therefore, investing in and strengthening public health, pandemic prevention, and nutrition programs become vital at a much more complex systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Hyder
- Virology Unit, Institute of Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Rethy K. Chhem
- Technology and Humanities, CamTech, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Hub of One Health, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Filip Claes
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
- CANARIES: Consortium of Animal Market Networks to Assess Risk of Emerging Infectious Diseases through Enhanced Surveillance
| | - Erik Albert Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institute of Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- CANARIES: Consortium of Animal Market Networks to Assess Risk of Emerging Infectious Diseases through Enhanced Surveillance
- * E-mail:
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Prakash PK, Lakshmi A J. Effect of milk protein hydrolysate supplementation on protein energy malnutrition-induced gut dysbiosis. Food Funct 2022; 13:10305-10319. [PMID: 36125286 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dairy proteins in the diet are beneficial for the growth of probiotics; however, what is unknown is the gut-mediated immune responses under protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and if dairy protein hydrolysates can be effective as dietary interventions. This study compares the composition of the gut microbiota of rats with moderate protein deficiency (M.PEM) and severe protein deficiency (S.PEM) induced by feeding 5% and 1% hypoprotein diets, followed by replenishment with buffalo and whey protein hydrolysates. Fecal samples were collected, and the composition of the gut bacteria was analyzed by whole genome sequencing using long-read sequencing. Gene expression studies of the immunomodulatory cytokines involved and quantification of sIgA were carried out. IL-6 and IFN-γ were downregulated by about 0.17 ± 0.06 and 0.12 ± 0.10 fold when supplemented with whey protein hydrolysate in SP-RWC rats and by about 0.02 ± 0.06 and 0.35 ± 0.12 fold when using buffalo milk hydrolysate. The percentage of Firmicutes decreased in M.PEM and S.PEM rats (33.57%, 28.83 versus 47.73% of control at 3 weeks) but increased upon protein replenishment for all three protein sources at the end of nine weeks. The percentage of Bacteroidetes increased to 31.03% in S.PEM-induced rats as against 28.17% in control rats. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus sp. decreased in M.PEM and S.PEM rats while it showed the opposite effect upon protein replenishment. Gut microbiota modulated the pathogenesis of PEM differentially based on protein intervention along with a significant increase in the relative abundance of the keystone Lactobacillus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Prakash
- Protein Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570020, India. .,Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, India
| | - Jyothi Lakshmi A
- Protein Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570020, India.
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Afsharinia B, Gurtoo A, Mannan H. Ecosystems Determinants of Nutritional Adequacy Among the Indian Preschool Children. J Indian Inst Sci 2022; 102:811-829. [PMID: 36157169 PMCID: PMC9483286 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-022-00339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Given the specified importance of dietary diversity in reducing the burden of malnutrition, our study explores the reasons for the high rate of malnutrition in India through assessment of a comprehensive range of ecosystem factors leading to poor nutrients intake. The study uses the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) to investigate preschoolers, through differences in wealth, gender, and health. Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16) data of 1,40,470 preschool children between the ages of 2-5 years, is investigated using the Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory. Multiple linear regression models developed to investigate the association between variables, depict the importance of vaccination (p-value < 0.01, 95% CI 0.02-0.06) as positively impacting the outcome measures. Interestingly, overall wealth index does not impact the dietary diversity of the child. The lower wealth index, however, significantly impacts the DDS of the female child as compared to the male child (p-value < 0.1, 95% CI - 0.03 to 0.02), indicating that the lower wealth index plays a role in developing the non-egalitarian gender attitudes for female children. Policy implications involve adapting biofortified foods with higher density of nutrients with major focus on female children to minimize the gender gap and leveraging the digital technology such as telemedicine, and advanced techniques such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data to offer real-time surveillance to address the healthcare needs in the ongoing immunization programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41745-022-00339-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Afsharinia
- Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Anjula Gurtoo
- Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Hasheem Mannan
- School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Systems, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Gazi MA, Alam MA, Fahim SM, Wahid BZ, Khan SS, Islam MO, Hasan MM, Hasan SMT, Das S, Mahfuz M, Haque R, Ahmed T. Infection With Escherichia Coli Pathotypes Is Associated With Biomarkers of Gut Enteropathy and Nutritional Status Among Malnourished Children in Bangladesh. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:901324. [PMID: 35873159 PMCID: PMC9299418 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.901324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) pathotypes are the most common cause of diarrhea, especially in developing countries. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) is presumed to be the result of infection with one or more pathotypes and can affect intestinal health and childhood growth. We sought to investigate the association of E. coli pathotypes infection with biomarkers of EED and nutritional status among slum-dwelling malnourished children in Bangladesh. This study comprised a total of 1050 stunted and at risk of stunting children. TaqMan Array Card assays were used to determine the presence of E. coli pathotypes in feces. Prevalence of infection with EAEC was highest (68.8%) in this cohort of children, followed by EPEC (55.9%), ETEC (44%), Shigella/EIEC (19.4%) and STEC (3.2%). The levels of myeloperoxidase and calprotectin were significantly higher in EAEC (P=0.02 and P=0.04), EPEC (P=0.02 and P=0.03) and Shigella/EIEC (P=0.05 and P=0.02) positive participants while, only calprotectin was significantly higher in ETEC (P=0.01) positive participants. Reg1B was significantly higher in participants with EAEC (P=0.004) while, neopterin levels were significantly lower in ETEC (P=0.003) and Shigella/EIEC (P=0.003) positive cases. A significant positive relationship was observed between EAEC and fecal levels of Reg1B (β = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.12, 0.43; p-value<0.001). Besides, ETEC was found to be positively and significantly associated with the levels of calprotectin (β = 0.14; 95 percent CI = 0.01, 0.26; p-value=0.037) and negatively with neopterin (β = -0.16; 95% CI = -0.30, -0.02; p-value=0.021). On the other hand, infection with EPEC was found to be negatively associated with length-for-age (β = -0.12; 95% CI = -0.22, -0.03; p-value=0.011) and weight-for-age (β = -0.11; 95% CI = -0.22, -0.01; p-value=0.037). The study findings suggest that infection with certain E. coli pathotypes (EAEC and ETEC) influences gut health and EPEC is associated with linear growth and underweight in Bangladeshi children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Amran Gazi
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Barbie Zaman Wahid
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shaila Sharmeen Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ohedul Islam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Tafsir Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Subhasish Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rashidul Haque
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Liu Z, Ashorn U, Chingwanda C, Maleta K, Hallamaa L, Matchado A, Kortekangas E, Dewey KG, Ashorn P, Fan Y. Provision of small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements does not improve intestinal health among rural Malawian children. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 18:e13331. [PMID: 35128820 PMCID: PMC9218311 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Liu
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | | | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Public Health University of Malawi Zomba Malawi
| | - Lotta Hallamaa
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Andrew Matchado
- Department of Public Health University of Malawi Zomba Malawi
| | - Emma Kortekangas
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Department of Paediatrics Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
| | - Yue‐Mei Fan
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
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Habib A, Nausheen S, Nooruddin S, Javed T, Samejo T, Hussain A, Namdev S, Amirali S, Umer M, Sheikh L, Hussain I, Ariff S, Soofi S. Effect of bovine lactoferrin on seroconversion following polio vaccine administration in children: protocol for a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e050849. [PMID: 35613782 PMCID: PMC9125737 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oral polio vaccine (OPV) has substantial results in eliminating wild poliovirus and the vaccine of choice in polio eradication. However, the mucosal immunity induced by the OPV is still uncertain. Literature has shown that bovine lactoferrin (BLF) is a safe and useful protein found in cow's milk with extraordinary antimicrobial, antiviral, antiinflammatory and immune-modulatory functions that help children's gut to fight against micro-organisms like poliovirus. However, limited data exist regarding the effect of BLF on polio vaccine immune response. The primary objective is to evaluate the effect of BLF in enhancing mucosal and humoral immunity in children following the administration of oral and inactivated polio vaccines. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a two-arm double-blinded randomised controlled trial comparing 462 neonates (231 in both groups) receiving either BLF or placebo with breast milk. The intervention is administered from day 1 till 6 weeks of age to a full-term healthy singleton newborn born at the Aga Khan University Hospitals, Karachi, Pakistan. The primary outcome is the seroconversion, 1 month after the receipt of two doses of OPV (at 10 weeks). For descriptive statistical analysis, Stata will be used, the frequency with percentages will be reported to describe baseline characteristics of the participants. A χ2 test will be used to compare categorical variables and a simple t test to compare continuous variables. The proportion of seroconversion and shedding will be compared using χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Ethics approval has been granted by the Ethics Review Committee (ERC) of Aga Khan University for the proposed trial (ID: 2019-1955-5013). Furthermore, the National Bioethics Committee (NBC) of Pakistan has also approved the study for human subject research (ID: 4-87/NBC-443/19/669). Study findings will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and educational practice workshops and will be published in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04432935; ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Habib
- Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Nausheen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shanila Nooruddin
- Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Javed
- Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Samejo
- Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Suneeta Namdev
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Amirali
- Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Lumaan Sheikh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shabina Ariff
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Soofi
- Center of Excellence in Women & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Paediatric & Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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Red propolis supplementation does not decrease acute respiratory events in stunted preschool children: a paired nonrandomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:264-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Endres K, Sanvura P, Williams C, Thomas ED, Kuhl J, Coglianese N, Bauler S, François R, Bisimwa JC, Mirindi P, Perin J, Namegabe A, Bisimwa L, Leung DT, George CM. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene and Nutritional Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Illness in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: REDUCE Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:tpmd210676. [PMID: 35313281 PMCID: PMC9128696 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this cohort study was to examine the prevalence of acute respiratory illness among children under 5 years of age and to identify water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and nutritional risk factors. This prospective cohort study was conducted in Walungu Territory, South Kivu, and Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and enrolled 512 participants. Spot checks of the household environment were conducted at baseline. Baseline minimum dietary diversity (MDD) was defined by consumption of five or more of the following food groups: 1) breast milk; 2) grains, roots, and tubers; 3) legumes and nuts; 4) dairy products; 5) flesh foods; 6) eggs; 7) vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables; and 8) other fruits and vegetables. Acute respiratory illness was defined as caregiver reported rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, lower chest wall in drawing, or coughing in the previous 2 weeks obtained at a 6-month follow-up based on the use of this definition in previous studies in Bangladesh and Kenya. A total of 58% of children had acute respiratory illness, 19% had soap present in the cooking area, and 4% in the defecation area, and 21% of children met MDD. A decreased odds of acute respiratory illness was associated with soap being present in the cooking area (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-0.88) and MDD (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.38-1.00). These findings highlight the need for interventions targeting hygiene and improved dietary diversity among rural DRC households to reduce the rate of respiratory illnesses in children under 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Endres
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Camille Williams
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth D. Thomas
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Kuhl
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Ruthly François
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Jamie Perin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alain Namegabe
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Daniel T. Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Parvin T, Thomas ED, Endres K, Leung D, Bhuyian MSI, Minhaj Uddin I, Hasan MT, Zohura F, Masud J, Monira S, Perin J, Alam M, Faruque ASG, George CM. Household Bird Ownership is Associated with Respiratory Illness among Young Children in Urban Bangladesh (CHoBI7 Program). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:953-958. [PMID: 35008049 PMCID: PMC8922522 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence on the association between animal ownership and respiratory illness among young children in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we examined the association between animal ownership and respiratory illness among children younger than 5 years of age enrolled in a prospective cohort study in urban Bangladesh. This prospective cohort study enrolled 884 participants younger than 5 years of age in Dhaka, Bangladesh. At baseline, trained research assistants administered caregivers of children younger than 5 years of age a questionnaire on household animal ownership. Animal ownership was defined as owning chickens, birds other than chickens, cats, and dogs. Respiratory surveillance was conducted monthly for children based on caregiver-reported coughing, rapid breathing, and difficulty breathing in the past 2 weeks during the 12-month study period. At baseline, 48% of children (424 of 884) had reports of coughing, 5% (40 of 884) had difficulty breathing, 3% (25 of 884) had rapid breathing, and 49% (431 of 884) had reports of any of these three respiratory symptoms. Seventeen percent of children (151 of 884) resided in a household that owned an animal. Children residing in households reporting bird ownership had a significantly greater odds of coughing (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.28) and any of the three respiratory symptoms in the past 2 weeks (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.28). Household bird ownership was associated with respiratory illness in young children. These findings suggest that interventions aiming to reduce young children's exposure to domestic animals should extend to include birds other than chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Parvin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Elizabeth D. Thomas
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly Endres
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Ismat Minhaj Uddin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tasdik Hasan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Zohura
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Masud
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shirajum Monira
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jamie Perin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Munirul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A. S. G. Faruque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;,Address correspondence to Christine Marie George, Associate Professor, Department of International Health, Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Rm. E5535, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103. E-mail:
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Nuzhat S, Hossain MI, Shaly NJ, Islam R, Khan SH, Faruque ASG, Bardhan PK, Khan AI, Chisti MJ, Ahmed T. Different Features of Cholera in Malnourished and Non-Malnourished Children: Analysis of 20 Years of Surveillance Data from a Large Diarrheal Disease Hospital in Urban Bangladesh. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020137. [PMID: 35204858 PMCID: PMC8870027 DOI: 10.3390/children9020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malnourished children are more prone to infectious diseases including severe diarrhea compared to non-malnourished children. However, data are scarce on differences in the presentation in such children. We aimed to identify clinical differentials among children with cholera with or without malnutrition. Data were extracted from the diarrheal disease surveillance system (DDSS) of Dhaka Hospital of International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) from January 2001 to December 2020. Among children under five in DDSS, cholera positive (culture confirmed) malnourished children (WAZ, WL/HZ or L/HAZ ˂ −2) were considered as cases (n = 920) and children with cholera but non-malnourished (WAZ, WL/HZ or L/HAZ ≥−2.00 to ≤+2.00) were controls (n = 586). After adjusting for potential confounders such as maternal illiteracy, day labor fathers, maternal employment, slum dwelling, non-sanitary latrine use, use of untreated water, and history of cough, it was revealed that malnourished cholera children significantly more often presented in hospital during evening hours (6 p.m. to 12 mid-night) (p < 0.05), had illiterate fathers (p < 0.05), >24 h history of diarrheal duration (p < 0.05), dehydrating diarrhea (p < 0.05), and had longer hospitalization (p < 0.05). The study results underscore the importance of understanding of basic differences in the presentation of severity of cholera in malnourished children for prompt identification and subsequent management of these vulnerable children.
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Jagielski P, Łuszczki E, Wnęk D, Micek A, Bolesławska I, Piórecka B, Kawalec P. Associations of Nutritional Behavior and Gut Microbiota with the Risk of COVID-19 in Healthy Young Adults in Poland. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020350. [PMID: 35057534 PMCID: PMC8779092 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The numerous consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in healthy young people and the lack of clarity as to the long-term disease outcomes have spurred the search for risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to evaluate the associations of nutritional behaviors, gut microbiota, and physical activity with the risk of COVID-19 in healthy young nonobese people. Data on body composition, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, dietary intake, and gut microbiota were obtained from 95 adults (mean age, 34.66 ± 5.76 years). A balanced diet rich in vegetables and fruit, including nuts, wholegrain cereal products, and legumes, covers the need for vitamins and minerals. Such a diet can be an effective measure to reduce the risk of COVID-19 in nonobese healthy physically active young people with normal immune function. People with balanced diet and an average daily consumption of >500 g of vegetables and fruit and >10 g of nuts had an 86% lower risk of COVID-19 compared with those whose diet was not balanced and who consumed lower amounts of these products. It is well documented that proper nutrition, physical activity, and maintenance of normal weight facilitate good health by ensuring optimal immune function. The beneficial effects of these interventions should be strongly emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-433-28-20
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dominika Wnęk
- The Cracow’s Higher School of Health Promotion, 31-158 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-007 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Str., 60-354 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Piórecka
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kawalec
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (P.K.)
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Shaly NJ, Pervez MM, Huq S, Ahmed D, Ahsan CR, Sarmin M, Afroze F, Nuzhat S, Chisti MJ, Ahmed T. Invasive Fungal Infections in Under-Five Diarrheal Children: Experience from an Urban Diarrheal Disease Hospital. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010094. [PMID: 35054490 PMCID: PMC8777596 DOI: 10.3390/life12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are opportunistic, especially in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Children with IFIs are more vulnerable to a fatal outcome. For early diagnosis and treatment, knowledge of the spectrum and frequency of IFIs among children is prerequisite. In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 168 children of 2–59 months old of either sex from March 2018 to December 2019 admitted to the Dhaka hospital, icddr,b. Study participants with suspected IFIs were with or without severe acute malnutrition (SAM) along with sepsis/pneumonia and fulfilled any of the following criteria: (i) failure to respond to injectable antibiotics, (ii) development of a late-onset hospital-acquired infection, (iii) needed ICU care for >7 days, (iv) took steroids/antibiotics for >2 weeks before hospitalization, and (v) developed thrush after taking injectable antibiotics. The comparison group included non-SAM (weight-for-length Z score ≥ −2) children with diarrhea and fever <3 days in the absence of co-morbidity. We performed real-time PCR, ELISA, and blood culture for the detection of fungal pathogen. Study group children with SAM, positive ELISA and PCR considered to have a IFIs. In the study group, 15/138 (10.87%) children had IFIs. Among IFIs, invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis detected in 6 (4.53%), 11 (7.97%), and 1 (0.72%) children, respectively, and (3/15 [2.17%]) children had both candidiasis and aspergillosis. Children with IFIs more often encountered septic shock (26.7% vs. 4.9%; p = 0.013) and had a higher death rate (46.7% vs. 8.9%; p < 0.001) than those without IFIs. IFIs were independently associated with female sex (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.05, 11.55; p = 0.042) after adjusting for potential confounders. Our findings thus implicate that, malnourished children with septic shock require targeted screening for the early diagnosis and prompt management of IFIs that may help to reduce IFIs related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Jahan Shaly
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.J.S.); (M.M.P.); (S.H.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (S.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Mohammed Moshtaq Pervez
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.J.S.); (M.M.P.); (S.H.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (S.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Sayeeda Huq
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.J.S.); (M.M.P.); (S.H.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (S.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Dilruba Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.J.S.); (M.M.P.); (S.H.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (S.N.); (T.A.)
| | | | - Monira Sarmin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.J.S.); (M.M.P.); (S.H.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (S.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Farzana Afroze
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.J.S.); (M.M.P.); (S.H.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (S.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Sharika Nuzhat
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.J.S.); (M.M.P.); (S.H.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (S.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.J.S.); (M.M.P.); (S.H.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (S.N.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (N.J.S.); (M.M.P.); (S.H.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (F.A.); (S.N.); (T.A.)
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Anankware JP, Roberts BJ, Cheseto X, Osuga I, Savolainen V, Collins CM. The Nutritional Profiles of Five Important Edible Insect Species From West Africa-An Analytical and Literature Synthesis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:792941. [PMID: 34926558 PMCID: PMC8678595 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.792941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Undernutrition is a prevalent, serious, and growing concern, particularly in developing countries. Entomophagy—the human consumption of edible insects, is a historical and culturally established practice in many regions. Increasing consumption of nutritious insect meal is a possible combative strategy and can promote sustainable food security. However, the nutritional literature frequently lacks consensus, with interspecific differences in the nutrient content of edible insects generally being poorly resolved. Aims and methods: Here we present full proximate and fatty acid profiles for five edible insect species of socio-economic importance in West Africa: Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly), Musca domestica (house fly), Rhynchophorus phoenicis (African palm weevil), Cirina butyrospermi (shea tree caterpillar), and Macrotermes bellicosus (African termite). These original profiles, which can be used in future research, are combined with literature-derived proximate, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles to analyse interspecific differences in nutrient content. Results: Interspecific differences in ash (minerals), crude protein, and crude fat contents were substantial. Highest ash content was found in H. illucens and M. domestica (~10 and 7.5% of dry matter, respectively), highest crude protein was found in C. butyrospermi and M. domestica (~60% of dry matter), whilst highest crude fat was found in R. phoenicis (~55% of dry matter). The fatty acid profile of H. illucens was differentiated from the other four species, forming its own cluster in a principal component analysis characterized by high saturated fatty acid content. Cirina butyrospermi had by far the highest poly-unsaturated fatty acid content at around 35% of its total fatty acids, with α-linolenic acid particularly represented. Amino acid analyses revealed that all five species sufficiently met human essential amino acid requirements, although C. butyrospermi was slightly limited in leucine and methionine content. Discussion: The nutritional profiles of these five edible insect species compare favorably to beef and can meet human requirements, promoting entomophagy's utility in combatting undernutrition. In particular, C. butyrospermi may provide a source of essential poly-unsaturated fatty acids, bringing many health benefits. This, along with its high protein content, indicates that this species is worthy of more attention in the nutritional literature, which has thus-far been lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Anankware
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Benjamin J Roberts
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Cheseto
- Department of Chemical and Behavioural Sciences, International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac Osuga
- Department of Animal Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vincent Savolainen
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C M Collins
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gemechu DS, Worku Y, Alemu A, Gerema U. Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in the pastoral community of Liban District, Guji Zone, Oromia Regional State, Southeastern Ethiopia: a case-control study. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e101. [PMID: 35059182 PMCID: PMC8727705 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children, particularly in Ethiopia. The present study aimed to assess determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in the pastoral community of Liban District, Southeastern Ethiopia. A case-control study design was conducted on 89 cases and 177 controls from 1-30 December 2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire were used, and anthropometric measurements were done by standardised calibrated instruments to collect data. Data were entered into EPI data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 25.0 software for analysis. All candidate variables with P < 0⋅25 in bivariate analysis were then entered into multivariable logistic regression. Associated factors were identified at P < 0⋅05 and 95 % CI. A total of 266 (89 cases and 177 controls) having a response rate of 96⋅6 % being underweight [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 11⋅8, 95 % CI 3⋅17, 43⋅89], illness previous 2 weeks (AOR = 3⋅47, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1⋅34, 8⋅99), family member with malnutrition (AOR = 4⋅52, 95 % CI 1⋅45, 14⋅01), greater than five family size, (AOR = 5⋅33, 95 % CI 2⋅08, 13⋅66), mothers unable to read and write (AOR = 3⋅66, 95 % CI 1⋅27, 10⋅56), mothers with low decision autonomy (AOR = 5⋅67, 95 % CI 2⋅26, 14⋅27), not handwashing at all critical time (AOR = 7⋅23, 95 % CI 2⋅74, 19⋅07), not feeding child animal source (AOR = 7⋅13, 95 % CI 1⋅98, 25⋅59), bottle feeding (AOR = 7⋅06, 95 % CI 2⋅34, 21⋅28) and being married (AOR = 0⋅05, 95 % CI 0⋅02, 0⋅19) were significantly associated with acute malnutrition. The present study has confirmed the association of acute malnutrition with maternal education, underweight, family size and inappropriate infant caring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diriba S. Gemechu
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Center of Public Health Emergency Management (cPHEM), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yoseph Worku
- St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Alemu
- International Medical Crops, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Urge Gerema
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Oral Nutritional Supplementation Improves Growth in Children at Malnutrition Risk and with Picky Eating Behaviors. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103590. [PMID: 34684591 PMCID: PMC8538528 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of poor nutrition with impaired growth persists in young children worldwide, including in India, where wasting occurs in 20% of urban children (<5 years). Exacerbating this problem, some children are described by their parent as a picky eater with behaviors such as eating limited food and unwillingness to try new foods. Timely intervention can help prevent nutritional decline and promote growth recovery; oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and dietary counseling (DC) are commonly used. The present study aimed to determine the effects of ONS along with DC on growth in comparison with the effects of DC only. Enrolled children (N = 321) were >24 to ≤48 months old, at malnutrition risk (weight-for-height percentile 3rd to 15th), and described as a picky eater by their parent. Enrollees were randomized to one of the three groups (N = 107 per group): ONS1 + DC; ONS2 + DC; and DC only. From day 1 to day 90, study findings showed significant increases in weight-for-height percentile for ONS1 + DC and for ONS2 + DC interventions, as compared to DC only (p = 0.0086 for both). There was no significant difference between the two ONS groups. Anthropometric measurements (weight and body mass index) also increased significantly over time for the two ONS groups (versus DC only, p < 0.05), while ONS1 + DC significantly improved mid-upper-arm circumference (p < 0.05 versus DC only), as well. ONS groups showed a trend toward greater height gain when compared to DC only group, but the differences were not significant within the study interval. For young Indian children with nutritional risk and picky eating behaviors, our findings showed that a 90-day nutritional intervention with either ONS1 or ONS2, along with DC, promoted catch-up growth more effectively than did DC alone.
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Poor Adherence to the WHO Guidelines on Feeding Practices Increases the Risk for Respiratory Infections in Surinamese Preschool Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010739. [PMID: 34682480 PMCID: PMC8536009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Poor feeding practices in infants and young children may lead to malnutrition, which, in turn, is associated with an increased risk of infectious diseases, such as respiratory tract infections (RTIs), a leading cause of under-five mortality. We explored the association between RTIs and the WHO infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators: minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD), among infants and preschool children in Suriname. A validated pediatric food frequency questionnaire was used and data on RTIs, defined as clinical care for fever with respiratory symptoms, bronchitis, or pneumonia were obtained. Associations between feeding indicators and RTIs were explored using hierarchical logistic regression. Of 763 children aged 10-33 months, 51.7% achieved the MDD, 88.5% the MMF, and 46.5% the MAD. Furthermore, 73% of all children experienced at least one upper and/or lower RTI. Children meeting the MDD and MAD had significantly lower odds on RTIs (OR 0.53; 95%CI: 0.37-0.74, p < 0.001; OR 0.55; 95%CI: 0.39-0.78, p < 0.001, respectively). The covariates parity and household income were independently associated with RTIs. In conclusion, MDD and MAD were associated with (upper) RTIs. Whether these indicators can be used as predictors for increased risk for RTIs should be assessed in future prospective studies.
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Das G, Heredia JB, de Lourdes Pereira M, Coy-Barrera E, Rodrigues Oliveira SM, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Cabanillas-Bojórquez LA, Shin HS, Patra JK. Korean traditional foods as antiviral and respiratory disease prevention and treatments: A detailed review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 116:415-433. [PMID: 34345117 PMCID: PMC8321624 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean traditional food (KTF), originated from ancestral agriculture and the nomadic traditions of the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, is based on healthy food that balances disease prevention and treatment. Fermented foods that include grains, herbs, fruits, and mushrooms are also an important practice in KTF, providing high levels of Lactobacilli, which confer relevant health benefits, including antiviral properties. Some of these probiotics may also protect against the Influenza virus through the modulation of innate immunity. SCOPE AND APPROACH The emerging of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to other diseases of viral origin, and the problems associated with other respiratory disorders, highlight how essential is a healthy eating pattern to strengthen our immune system.Key Findings and Conclusions: The present review covers the information available on edible plants, herbs, mushrooms, and preparations used in KTF to outline their multiple medicinal effects (e.g., antidiabetic, chemopreventive, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial), emphasizing their role and effects on the immune system with an emphasis on modulating properties of the gut microbiota that further support strong respiratory immunity. Potential functional foods commonly used in Korean cuisine such as Kimchi (a mixture of fermented vegetables), Meju, Doenjang, Jeotgal, and Mekgeolli and fermented sauces, among others, are highlighted for their great potential to improve gut-lung immunity. The traditional Korean diet and dietary mechanisms that may target viruses ACE-2 receptors or affect any step of a virus infection pathway that can determine a patient's prognosis are also highlighted. The regular oral intake of bioactive ingredients used in Korean foods can offer protection for some viral diseases, through protective and immunomodulatory effects, as evidenced in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, 250247, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- HMRI and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance Centres, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Catedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Luis Angel Cabanillas-Bojórquez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
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