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Mahesar RA, Khalil H, Shaikh S, Kalhoro A, Rajar AB, Memon MA, Mamun MA. Exploring suicidality in the aftermath of the 2022 flood in Pakistan: insights from newspaper reports. CNS Spectr 2024; 29:1-3. [PMID: 37581285 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852923002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rameez A Mahesar
- Department of Media & Communication Studies, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | - Hadia Khalil
- Department of Media & Communication Studies, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Shaikh
- Benazir School of Business, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Kalhoro
- Institute of Public Health, People's University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
| | - Allah B Rajar
- Department of Community Medicine Muhammad Medical College, Ibn-e-Sina University, Mirpur Khas, Pakistan
| | - Momina A Memon
- Department of English, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Senapati RE, Jena S, Parida J, Panda A, Patra PK, Pati S, Kaur H, Acharya SK. The patterns, trends and major risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents - a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:35. [PMID: 38195413 PMCID: PMC10775453 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is an essential stage for the development of mental health, and suicide is among the leading cause of mortality for adolescents around the world. In India, the suicide rate among adolescents has been increasing in recent years. The scoping review was conducted to map the evidence and address gaps by examining the existing pattern, and trends, and identify the major risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents. METHODS The study was conducted as per the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' manual. The systematic search was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, by using specific keywords. After the screening, 35 articles were identified according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The evidence on the trends of suicide among adolescents showed that the suicide rate has shown an alarming increase in recent years. The evidence pattern showed that hanging and poisoning were the commonly selected methods used by adolescents. The most commonly reported risk factors were mental health problems (54.28%), negative or traumatic familiar issues (34.28%), academic stress (22.85%), social/lifestyle factors (20%), violence (22.85%), economic distresses (8.75%), relationship factor (8.75%). CONCLUSION By synthesizing and summarising the patterns, trends, and key risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents, this scoping review provides a broad understanding of the literature already in existence. In order to effectively tackle these issues, the finding highlights the urgent need for extensive and targeted suicide prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Elizabeth Senapati
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, NALCO Nagar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Susangita Jena
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, NALCO Nagar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Jayashree Parida
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, NALCO Nagar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Arpita Panda
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, NALCO Nagar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, NALCO Nagar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases (ECD-Tribal Health), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Subhendu Kumar Acharya
- ICMR- Regional Medical Research Centre, NALCO Nagar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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Tanrıverdi D, Bekircan E, Koç Z. The Relationship Between Psychache and Suicide Risk With Spiritual Well-Being Levels of Patients Diagnosed With Depression. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:132-140. [PMID: 35172647 DOI: 10.1177/10783903221079796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression has long been accepted as a serious disability and burden globally, while suicide is a misunderstood and complex cause of death. Psychache is the psychological variable most strongly associated with suicidality. Spirituality is considered an important buffer against stressful events and may help people overcome distress and difficulties. AIMS: This study aims to determine how psychache and suicide risk are related to levels of spiritual well-being in patients with depression. METHODS: Data were collected using the Suicide Probability Scale, the Psychache Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. The sample study consisted of 150 Turkish patients diagnosed with depression and receiving psychiatric care. RESULTS: It was found that higher level of spiritual well-being led to decreased risk of suicide and lower level of psychache. Suicide risk increased in parallel to the increasing levels of psychache (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that higher levels of spiritual well-being may promote a significantly lower risk of suicide and lower levels of psychache. Likewise, increasing levels of psychache may lead to an increase in suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esra Bekircan
- Esra Bekircan, MSc, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Koç
- Zeynep Koç, MSc, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Al Khatri M, Al Huseini S, Almaqbali M, Cucchi A, Al Saadi AK, Al Farsi A, Jose S, Al-Sibani N, Al-Adawi S. Sociodemographic Characteristics and Clinical Profile of Suicide Attempters Attending the Emergency Department at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman: A Retrospective Study. J Psychiatr Pract 2023; 29:390-402. [PMID: 37578418 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who attended the emergency department of a tertiary care center in Muscat, Oman following a suicide attempt. METHODS A retrospective study (N=154) was conducted between January 2015 and June 2018. Information that was collected included sociodemographic variables (age, nationality, sex, marital status, and occupation), risk (medical comorbidities, psychiatric history, substance misuse, alcohol misuse, and previous history of suicide attempts), and precipitating factors, as well as the chosen methods for the suicide attempts. RESULTS In all, 83.1% of the sample were Omanis, and women constituted 69.5%. The mean age of the sample was 27 years; 30% were students, 42% were unemployed, and 40.9% had a history of psychiatric disorders. Family conflict, suffering from chronic illness, and having social problems were the most common precipitating factors for the suicide attempt. The most common method used in the suicide attempt was drug overdose (48.1%), mainly involving paracetamol (acetaminophen) (40%). Significant gender differences emerged in precipitating factors, history of substance misuse, and methods of suicide. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study are consistent with international trends that suggest that women and younger age groups are the most vulnerable to suicide attempts. Although in its infancy, the type of research presented here could lay the groundwork for preventive interventions and programs.
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Kim Y, Krause TM, Lane SD. Trends and Seasonality of Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations for Suicidality Among Children and Adolescents in the US from 2016 to 2021. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2324183. [PMID: 37466942 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The detection of seasonal patterns in suicidality should be of interest to clinicians and US public health officials, as intervention efforts can benefit by targeting periods of heightened risk. Objectives To examine recent trends in suicidality rates, quantify the seasonality in suicidality, and demonstrate the disrupted seasonality patterns during the spring 2020 COVID-19-related school closures among US children and adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based, descriptive cross-sectional study used administrative claims data from Optum's deidentifed Clinformatics Data Mart Database. Participants included children aged 10 to 12 years and adolescents aged 13 to 18 years who were commercially insured from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021. Statistical analysis was conducted between April and November 2022. Exposures Month of the year and COVID-19 pandemic. Main Outcomes and Measures Rates and seasonal patterns of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for suicidality. Results The analysis included 73 123 ED visits and hospitalizations for suicidality reported between 2016 and 2021. Among these events, 66.1% were reported for females, and the mean (SD) age at the time of the event was 15.4 (2.0) years. The mean annual incidence of ED visits and hospitalizations for suicidality was 964 per 100 000 children and adolescents (95% CI, 956-972 per 100 000), which increased from 760 per 100 000 (95% CI, 745-775 per 100 000) in 2016 to 1006 per 100 000 (95% CI, 988-10 024 per 100 000) in 2019, with a temporary decrease to 942 per 100 000 (95% CI, 924-960 per 100 000) in 2020 and a subsequent increase to 1160 per 100 000 (95% CI, 1140-1181 per 100 000) in 2021. Compared with January, seasonal patterns showed peaks in April (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.11-1.19]) and October (IRR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.19-1.29]) and a nadir in July (IRR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.61-0.66]) during pre-COVID-19 years and 2021. However, during the spring of 2020, which coincided with school closures, seasonal patterns were disrupted and April and May exhibited the lowest rates. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study indicated the presence of seasonal patterns and an observed unexpected decrease in suicidality among children and adolescents after COVID-19-related school closures in March 2020, which suggest a potential association between suicidality and the school calendar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngran Kim
- Department of Management, Policy & Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Trudy Millard Krause
- Department of Management, Policy & Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Scott D Lane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Al Ali NM, Khazaaleh FK. Assessment of food consumption, smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity by sex and major of study among a sample of college students in Jordan. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16405. [PMID: 37274724 PMCID: PMC10238686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the food frequency and health-related risk behaviors based on gender and major of study (health and non-health majors) in a sample of undergraduate university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 708 undergraduate university students (37.4% males; 62.6% females) with a mean age of 20.88(SD = 2.20), ranging from 18 to 37 years from five universities. A self-reported questionnaire was administered in the university classrooms to collect data. Results showed that 47.3% of students reported consuming fruits and vegetables (38.1%), and 54% reported consuming unhealthy foods at least once in the preceding 24 h. About 16% of the students were cigarette smokers, 17% were waterpipe smokers, and slightly more than 4% were alcohol consumers. Significant associations were found between the participants based on their sexes, and study majors (P < 0.001). Male students smoked and consumed alcohol at significantly higher rates than female students. As with regards to the physical activity in the preceding week, students had not carried out any stretching activities (52.8%), strengthening activities (62.4%), cycling (35%), or taken part in any physical activity classes (68.4%). The rates of physical activity were significantly higher among male students than female students (p < 0.001). The results showed that non-health major students differ from those in health majors in the consumption of cigarettes (p < 0.001) and waterpipe smoking (p = 0.027). Students in non-health majors were more likely than students in health majors to have carried out stretching activities (p = 0.021) and participated in physical activity classes (p = 0.02). Our findings highlighted the importance of identifying health-related risk behaviors among university students to develop a health-promoting intervention tailored to a specific group of students considering their sex and study majors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Mansour Al Ali
- Associate Professor Community and Mental Health Department/Faculty of Nursing Jordan University of Science & Technology P.O.Box:3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Fatima Khazaal Khazaaleh
- Community and Mental Health Department/Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O.Box:3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
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Jahan I, Sharif AB, Hasan ABMN. Suicide stigma and suicide literacy among Bangladeshi young adults: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1160955. [PMID: 37252136 PMCID: PMC10213423 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1160955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Owing to poor suicide literacy, people are not aware of the consequences of the suicide stigma, which may affect individuals. This study aimed to examine the status of suicide stigma and literacy among young adults in Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study included 616 male subjects and female subjects residing in Bangladesh aged between 18 and 35 years who were invited to complete an online survey. Suicide literacy and suicide stigma among the respondents were assessed by using the validated Literacy of Suicide Scale and Stigma of Suicide Scale, respectively. Other independent variables that have been found to affect suicide stigma or literacy were included in this study based on prior research. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships between the study's main quantitative variables. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess factors affecting suicide stigma and suicide literacy, respectively, after controlling for covariates. Results The mean literacy score was 3.86. The participants' mean scores in the stigma, isolation, and glorification subscale were 25.15, 14.48, and 9.04, respectively. Suicide literacy was negatively associated with stigmatizing attitudes (p = 0.005). Male subjects, unmarried/divorced/widowed, less educated (below HSC), smokers, less exposure to suicide, and respondents with chronic mental illness had lower suicide literacy and more stigmatizing attitudes. Conclusion The findings suggest that addressing suicide literacy and stigma by developing and executing awareness programs on suicide and mental health among young adults may increase knowledge, decrease stigma, and hence prevent suicide among this population.
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Hughes JL, Horowitz LM, Ackerman JP, Adrian MC, Campo JV, Bridge JA. Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention. BMJ 2023; 381:e070630. [PMID: 37094838 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people worldwide and the third leading cause of death among those in the US. This review outlines the epidemiology of suicide and suicidal behavior in young people. It discusses intersectionality as an emerging framework to guide research on prevention of suicide in young people and highlights several clinical and community settings that are prime targets for implementation of effective treatment programs and interventions aimed at rapidly reducing the suicide rate in young people. It provides an overview of current approaches to screening and assessment of suicide risk in young people and the commonly used screening tools and assessment measures. It discusses universal, selective, and indicated evidence based suicide focused interventions and highlights components of psychosocial interventions with the strongest evidence for reducing risk. Finally, the review discusses suicide prevention strategies in community settings and considers future research directions and questions challenging the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hughes
- Big Lots Behavioral Health Services at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa M Horowitz
- Office of the Clinical Director, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P Ackerman
- Big Lots Behavioral Health Services at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Molly C Adrian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John V Campo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bridge
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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赵 亚, 范 慧, 王 翔, 罗 雅, 张 嵘, 郑 晓. [Early death and causes of death of patients with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2023; 55:375-383. [PMID: 37042154 PMCID: PMC10091241 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
To study of premature/early death of autistic patients from the perspective of life course can help families, medical institutions and policy makers better deal with the adverse effects of autism. Several studies have shown that autistic patients have a high risk of death, however, the results are still inconsistent. To assess the risk of mortality among the autistic patients, we undertook a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE databases. This paper reviewed the studies on the negative disease outcomes of autism spectrum disorders, including the risk of death, causes of death and several research hotspots in this field. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were used. Information was extracted from selected papers, tabulated and synthesized. In the study, 15 studies were included, with a total of 216 045 individuals. The main outcome was all-cause mortality in association with autism and the secondary outcome was cause-specific mortality. The results showed that all-cause mortality was higher for the autistic patients (RR=2.32, 95%CI: 1.98-2.72, I2=87.1%, P < 0.001). Risk ratio showed a greater inequality for female than male (male: RR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.57-2.55, I2=93.2%, P < 0.001; female: RR=4.66, 95%CI: 3.30-6.58, I2=92.0%, P < 0.001). Compared with the unnatural death, the risk of natural death was higher (RR=3.44, 95%CI: 1.27-9.26, I2=80.2%, P=0.025). As autism had many comorbidities, which would bring more health risks and natural deaths possibilities. There were some structural differences in unnatural death. Accidental injury death and suicide were two kinds of causes. Lacking social skills would weaken the ability to ask for help when encountering injuries. This paper put forward some suggestions for futures. First, to well study the comorbidity can reduce the risk of death from a medical point of view. Second, the scientists and policymakers should pay attention to the social environment and provide a safer environment for the autistic patients. Third, for women and for adolescents without cognitive impairment, due to their high risk of suicide, the society should provide them with more supportive social networks and improve their life satisfaction. Fourth, it is necessary to balance the rehabilitation resources in various regions in China and provide more high-quality lifelong rehabilitation monitoring and care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- 亚楠 赵
- 中国医学科学院, 北京协和医学院群医学与公共卫生学院, 北京 100730School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- 北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心, 北京 100191China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- 北京大学亚太经合组织健康科学研究院, 北京 100871Peking University Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Health Sciences Academy, Beijing 100871, China
| | - 慧芸 范
- 北京大学亚太经合组织健康科学研究院, 北京 100871Peking University Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Health Sciences Academy, Beijing 100871, China
- 北京大学人口研究所, 北京 100871Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - 翔宇 王
- 北京大学亚太经合组织健康科学研究院, 北京 100871Peking University Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Health Sciences Academy, Beijing 100871, China
- 北京大学人口研究所, 北京 100871Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - 雅楠 罗
- 北京大学亚太经合组织健康科学研究院, 北京 100871Peking University Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Health Sciences Academy, Beijing 100871, China
- 北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生学系, 北京 100191Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 嵘 张
- 北京大学神经科学研究所, 北京大学基础医学院神经生物学系, 神经科学教育部重点实验室, 卫生部神经科学重点实验室, 北京 100191Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of National Health Commission; Beijing 100191, China
- 北京大学医学部孤独症研究中心, 北京 100191Autism Research Centre, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 晓瑛 郑
- 中国医学科学院, 北京协和医学院群医学与公共卫生学院, 北京 100730School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- 北京大学亚太经合组织健康科学研究院, 北京 100871Peking University Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Health Sciences Academy, Beijing 100871, China
- 北京大学医学部孤独症研究中心, 北京 100191Autism Research Centre, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China
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Griffin K, Twynstra J, Gilliland JA, Seabrook JA. Correlates of self-harm in university students: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:959-966. [PMID: 34242122 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1909049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of university students who have ever engaged in self-harm and to examine its correlates. Frequency of thinking about self-harm was explored as a secondary outcome. Participants: Students at Western University in London, Ontario, Canada. Methods: This cross-sectional study was completed via an online questionnaire. Logistic regressions assessed the influence of sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with lifetime self-harm and thoughts about self-harm. Results: The sample consisted of 2626 university students. Almost 25% engaged in self-harm in their lifetime and close to 33% have thought about harming themselves. A non-straight sexual orientation, marijuana use, prescription drugs not prescribed, and mental health problems increased the risk of both outcomes. Females were over two times more likely to engage in self-harm than males. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that is needed for developing effective interventions to reduce the risk of self-harm by targeting university students who are most at-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Griffin
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasna Twynstra
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, Ontario, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lyu S, Li Y. The Roles of Endorsement and Stigma in Suicidal Ideation and Behavior among Chinese College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:877. [PMID: 36613198 PMCID: PMC9820051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that stereotypes towards suicide, including endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide, may contribute to suicidal ideation and behaviors. However, this has not been examined directly. In this study, we examined whether endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide are involved in the pathway from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts among college students. To this end, we used the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS), the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and the Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS) to assess suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, endorsement of suicide, and stigma toward suicide, respectively, in a sample of 944 Chinese college students (mean age, 20.97 years). Using mediation analysis, we found that suicidal ideation partially mediated the relationship between endorsement of suicide and suicide attempts and between stigma toward suicide and suicide attempts. These findings provide novel evidence that endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide are closely associated with suicide attempts, but partially through the influences of suicidal ideation. Future studies should elaborate on their longitudinal relationships. Implications of these findings for clinical practices are discussed with reference to the ideation-to-action framework of suicide, aiming to reduce suicidal behaviors.
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Denche-Zamorano Á, Pereira-Payo D, Franco-García JM, Pastor-Cisneros R, Salazar-Sepúlveda G, Castillo D, Marín-Gil M, Barrios-Fernandez S. Mapping the Scientific Research on Suicide and Physical Activity: A Bibliometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16413. [PMID: 36554291 PMCID: PMC9778543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research provides an overview of the current state of scientific literature related to suicide and physical activity (PA). A bibliometric analysis of studies published between 1996 and 2022 in The Web of Science (WoS) was carried out, applying the traditional bibliometric laws, using Microsoft Excel and the VOSviewer software for data and metadata processing. A total of 368 documents (349 primary research and 19 reviews) were extracted from 70 WoS categories. The results revealed an exponential increase in scientific production from 2017 to 2022 (R2 = 88%), revealing the United States hegemony being the most productive country, with 156 of the publications (42.4%), the most cited (4181 citations) being the centre of a collaborative network with links to 35 countries and having April Smith, from the Miami University, as the most prolific author (eight publications) and Thomas Joiner, from the Florida State University, as the most cited author (513 citations). The Psychiatry WoS category, with 155 papers, had the highest number of publications, and The Journal of Affective Disorders, from Elsevier, had the highest number of published papers within this category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Damián Pereira-Payo
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Franco-García
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education Research Group (HEME), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción 4090940, Chile
| | - Dante Castillo
- Centro de Estudios e Investigación Enzo Faletto, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Miseldra Marín-Gil
- Public Policy Observatory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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13
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Valenciano-Mendoza E, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Mora-Maltas B, Valero-Solís S, Sánchez I, Toro JJD, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Jiménez-Murcia S. Common and differential risk factors behind suicidal behavior in patients with impulsivity-related disorders: The case of bulimic spectrum eating disorders and gambling disorder. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:963-978. [PMID: 36287739 PMCID: PMC9881661 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mental disorders with high levels of impulsivity such as bulimic spectrum eating disorders (BSED) and gambling disorder (GD) are associated with high risk of suicidal behavior. The aim of the present study was to identify the common and differential vulnerability factors behind suicide attempts in a sample of patients with BSED compared to patients with GD. METHODS A total of 6,077 adults who sought treatment and met criteria either for BSED (n = 2,391) or GD (n = 3,686) were assessed at a specialized hospital unit. Personality traits, psychopathological symptomatology, lifetime history of suicide attempts and socio-demographic variables were evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of suicide attempts was higher for BSED patients (26.2%) compared to GD patients (7.1%) being anorexia nervosa (Binge/Purge type) and bulimia nervosa the most affected subtypes. In the predictive model, the transdiagnostic vulnerability factors with the highest contribution to the risk of suicidal behavior both in BSED and GD were unemployment, early age of onset of the disorder, worse psychopathological state, and self-transcendence personality trait. However, specific risk factors for suicidal acts were identified in each disorder: longer duration of the disorder, lower education levels and reward dependence were exclusively associated with BSED while female gender, older age, and higher harm avoidance were associated with GD. DISCUSSION Patients with GD and BSED share certain vulnerability factors although certain factors are exclusive to each disorder. CONCLUSIONS Interventions need to pay special attention to both common and specific vulnerability factors to mitigate the risk of suicidal acts in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Valero-Solís
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Jimenez-de Toro
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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14
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Khan AR, Shimul SMAK, Arendse N. Suicidal behaviour and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: Insights from Durkheim's sociology of suicide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 71:7-21. [PMID: 34230683 PMCID: PMC8251145 DOI: 10.1111/issj.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whilst suicide is well established as a critical global public health burden causing around 800,000 deaths annually along with many more attempts, there is a concern that the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic might intensify suicidality. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the budding correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and suicidality from the theoretical perspective of Emile Durkheim's sociology of suicide. A review of online newspaper databases (1 January to 30 April 2020) that reported suicide cases and attempts triggered as a result of the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic were included and analysed. Out of the 28 identified cases, there were three suicide attempts, one homicide-suicide/pact-suicide, and 24 suicides spanning 10 countries. Durkheim explained the social causation of suicide and provided a four-fold suicide typology. The cases were analysed according to their appropriate typology, and classified as egoistic (9), altruistic (3), anomic (8), and fatalistic (8). Durkheim suggests that the rise and fall of suicide rates will depend on the nature of social change. As society is undergoing massive social disruption resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, suicide rates may increase unless suicide prevention measures align with the current social reconstruction process.
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15
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Busto Miramontes A, Moure-Rodríguez L, Mallah N, Díaz-Geada A, Corral M, Cadaveira F, Caamaño-Isorna F. Alcohol Consumption among Freshman College Students in Spain: Individual and Pooled Analyses of Three Cross-Sectional Surveys (2005, 2012 and 2016). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052548. [PMID: 33806681 PMCID: PMC7967529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate changes in the prevalence of Heavy Episodic Drinking (HED) and Risky Consumption (RC) in freshman college students between 2005, 2012 and 2016; and to identify the explanatory variables of these patterns of consumption using individual and pooled analyses. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 5260 students was carried out in Spain in 2005, 2012 and 2016. HED and RC were determined using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Another questionnaire was used to measure parental education level and alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, age of onset of alcohol use and alcohol-related expectancies. Adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) of RC and HED and their 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated using logistic regression. Results: An increase in the prevalence rates of HED and RC was observed among women during the three-study periods, nonetheless there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence rates among men. High maternal educational level, living away from parental home, initiating drinking before the age of 15 and having positive expectancies about drinking are associated with higher prevalence of RC in both genders. High positive expectancies and early onset of alcohol use are associated with higher rates of HED among men and women. Students recruited in 2012 and 2016 are protected against RC in comparison to those recruited in 2005. Conclusions: The age of alcohol consumption onset is the most influencing factor on HED and RC for both genders in the three-study periods. Alcohol prevention campaigns targeting youth at early ages can reduce risky drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Busto Miramontes
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
| | - Lucía Moure-Rodríguez
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Narmeen Mallah
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainara Díaz-Geada
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corral
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Caamaño-Isorna
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.B.M.); (N.M.); (A.D.-G.); (F.C.-I.)
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (F.C.)
- Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Shekari F, Habibi P, Nadrian H, Mohammadpoorasl A. Health-risk behaviors among Iranian university students, 2019: a web-based survey. Arch Public Health 2020; 78:131. [PMID: 33298189 PMCID: PMC7727248 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk behaviors are among the most serious threats for the physical and mental health of adolescents and young adults. Our aims in this study were to investigate the subgroups of students based on risky behaviors and to identify the prevalence rate of these subgroups. METHODS This cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted from July to August 2019 in Tabriz, Iran. We performed proportional sampling in all nine universities of the city, according to the number of students in each university. Applying an online survey questionnaire, the data were collected from 3649 students and analyzed using Latent Class Analysis. RESULTS For total sample, standardized prevalence rates of cigarette smoking, hookah use, alcohol consumption, substance abuse and unsafe sex were 18.5 (Confidence Interval (CI) 95%: 17.3-19.8), 9.1 (CI 95%: 8.2-10.1), 9.2 (CI 95%: 8.3-10.2), 8.3 (CI 95%: 7.4-9.3) and 14.5 (CI 95%: 13.3-15.7), respectively. Three latent classes of risky behaviors were determined among students: a) low risk b) smoking and c) high risk. About 18% of boys and 1.5% of girls were in the high risk class. Cigarette smoking (18.5%, CI 95%: 17.3-19.8) and substance abuse (8.3%, CI 95%: 7.4-9.3) were the most and the least common risky behaviors among the students. CONCLUSION In this we-based survey, a considerable number of students, particularly boys (18%), was at high-risk class, stressing the need for preventive interventions for this group of youth. Our findings are beneficial for planning and development of risky-behavior preventive strategies to prevent high-risk behaviors among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shekari
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Habibi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haidar Nadrian
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health & Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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17
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Gau SS. Suicidality in Children with Elevated Autistic Traits. Autism Res 2020; 13:1811-1821. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Yeh Chen
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital Taipei City Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang‐Ming University Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration Asia University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Psychology Asia University Taichung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur‐Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
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18
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Pollock NJ, Apok C, Concepcion T, Delgado RA, Rasmus S, Chatwood S, Collins PY. Global goals and suicide prevention in the Circumpolar North. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:7-14. [PMID: 32001925 PMCID: PMC6964448 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_717_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this selective narrative review is to provide an overview of suicide and suicide prevention in the Circumpolar North and the relevance of global strategies and policies to these themes. We conducted a selective review of the English language literature on Arctic Indigenous mental health, suicide, and suicide prevention. We briefly present the social context, epidemiology, and risk and protective factors for suicide in the Arctic, with a focus on Indigenous peoples. We highlight a recent collaborative, intergovernmental response to elevated suicide rates in this region, the Reducing the Incidence of Suicide in Indigenous Groups - Strengths United through Networks Initiative, which used a consensus methodology to identify key outcomes for evaluating suicide prevention interventions in the circumpolar context. In relation to the Sustainable Development Goals, we examine recent policy developments in Indigenous-led suicide prevention and identify opportunities for strengthening policy, community interventions, and research. Globally, suicide prevention is a public health priority, and reducing the number of suicide deaths is a key target for sustainable development. Although overall and country-specific suicide rates have decreased since 1990, there remains wide variation at the regional and local level. This is particularly evident in the Arctic region known as the Circumpolar North, where Indigenous peoples experience marked disparities in suicide risk and suicide deaths compared to non-Indigenous populations. The factors that influence these variations are complex and often rooted in the social and economic consequences of colonization. The integration of science, community-based and Indigenous knowledge, and policies that address upstream risks for suicide will play an important role in suicide prevention alongside the growing number of Indigenous suicide prevention strategies tailored for specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlene Apok
- Indigenous Studies, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Tessa Concepcion
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Roberto A Delgado
- Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | - Stacy Rasmus
- Center for Alaska Native Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Susan Chatwood
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pamela Y Collins
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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19
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Guedria-Tekari A, Missaoui S, Kalai W, Gaddour N, Gaha L. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Tunisian adolescents: prevalence and associated factors. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 34:105. [PMID: 31998428 PMCID: PMC6961937 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.105.19920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies directed on suicidal behavior in North African adolescents are rare. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts among high school students in Tunisia and to determine factors associated with this suicidal behavior. Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study composed of a population containing 821 high school students obtained through cluster sampling. The participants completed a pre-established form related to socio-demographic characteristics and anxiety symptoms, the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, the Beck depression scale, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results The mean age of the adolescents was 17.7±0.97 years. Prevalence of suicidal behavior was 26.9% for brief passing suicidal thoughts, 9.6% for serious suicidal thoughts, and 7.3% for suicide attempts. Six determining factors of suicidal behavior were found: female gender (OR=2.56 (1.32-4.95); p= 0.005), personal history of depression (OR=2.29 (1.38-3.80); p=0.001), tobacco smoking (OR=3.59 (1.61-8.01); p=0.002), current depression symptoms (OR=5.50 (2.14-14.11); p<0.001), history of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (OR= 3.16 (2.05-4.86); p<0.001), and low self-esteem (OR=2.74 (1.71-4.38); p<0.001). Conclusion Suicidal ideation and attempts are frequent among Tunisian adolescents and represent a serious public health problem. An urgent national prevention program is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Guedria-Tekari
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Missaoui
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie, CISSS de Lanaudière, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Naoufel Gaddour
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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20
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Guo L, Luo M, Wang W, Xiao D, Xi C, Wang T, Zhao M, Zhang WH, Lu C. Association between nonmedical use of opioids or sedatives and suicidal behavior among Chinese adolescents: An analysis of sex differences. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2019; 53:559-569. [PMID: 30525916 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418814944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rising rate of suicidal behavior among adolescents is a growing concern, and sex differences may induce differential exposure to prescription drug misuse or suicidal behavior. We estimated, among Chinese adolescents, (1) the prevalence of nonmedical use of prescription drugs, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts; (2) whether nonmedical use of prescription drugs was independently associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts; and (3) whether there were sex differences in the associations. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of the data drawn from the 2015 National School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. A total of 94,911 students completed questionnaires and qualified for our survey (response rate: 93.7%). All analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls. RESULTS There were significant sex differences in the prevalence of opioid or sedative misuse, and the sources and reasons for nonmedical use of prescription drugs ( p < 0.05). The prevalence of suicidal ideation or suicide attempts was significantly higher in girls than in boys (suicidal ideation: 17.9% among girls vs 14.1% among boys; suicide attempts: 3.5% among girls vs 2.7% among boys). Among girls, frequent use of opioids was associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84, 95% confidence interval = [1.57, 2.17]) and suicide attempts (adjusted odds ratio = 2.96, 95% confidence interval = [2.34, 3.74]), and frequent use of sedatives was also positively associated with suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio = 2.23, 95% confidence interval = [1.91, 2.60]) and suicide attempts (adjusted odds ratio = 4.02, 95% confidence interval = [3.25, 4.99]). These associations were also statistically significant in boys, but the magnitudes of adjusted odds ratios for the associations between frequent use of opioids and sedatives and suicidal behavior were greater in girls than boys. CONCLUSION There exist significant sex differences in the prevalence rates of nonmedical use of prescription drugs and suicidal behavior, and the child's sex plays a role in the association between nonmedical use of prescription drugs and suicidal behavior. The significant sex differences found above may provide a basis for early identification of adolescents at high risk of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,2 Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Min Luo
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,2 Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,2 Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Di Xiao
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,2 Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chuhao Xi
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,2 Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,2 Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meijun Zhao
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,2 Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- 3 International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Uro-Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ciyong Lu
- 1 Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,2 Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Kirby AV, Bakian AV, Zhang Y, Bilder DA, Keeshin BR, Coon H. A 20-year study of suicide death in a statewide autism population. Autism Res 2019; 12:658-666. [PMID: 30663277 PMCID: PMC6457664 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Scientific Summary Growing concern about suicide risk among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) necessitates population‐based research to determine rates in representative samples and to inform appropriate prevention efforts. This study used existing surveillance data in Utah to determine incidence of suicide among individuals with ASD over a 20‐year period, and to characterize those who died. Between 1998 and 2017, 49 individuals with ASD died by suicide. Suicide cumulative incidence rates did not significantly differ between 1998 and 2012 across the ASD and non‐ASD populations. Between 2013 and 2017, the cumulative incidence of suicide in the ASD population was 0.17%, which was significantly higher than in the non‐ASD population (0.11%; P < 0.05). During this period, this difference was driven by suicide among females with ASD; suicide risk in females with ASD was over three times higher than in females without ASD (relative risk (RR): 3.42; P < 0.01). Among the individuals with ASD who died by suicide, average age at death and manner of death did not differ significantly between males and females. Ages at death by suicide ranged from 14 to 70 years (M[SD] = 32.41[15.98]). Individuals with ASD were significantly less likely to use firearms as a method of suicide (adjusted odds ratio: 0.33; P < 0.001). Study results expand understanding of suicide risk in ASD and point to the need for additional population‐based research into suicide attempts and ideation, as well as exploration of additional risk factors. Findings also suggest a need for further study of female suicide risk in ASD. Autism Research 2019, 12: 658–666. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study examined suicide risk among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Utah over a 20‐year period. Risk of suicide death in individuals with ASD was found to have increased over time and to be greater than in individuals without ASD between 2013 and 2017. Females with ASD were over three times as likely to die from suicide as females without ASD. Young people with ASD were at over twice the risk of suicide than young people without ASD. Individuals with ASD were less likely than others to die from firearm‐related suicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne V Kirby
- Department of Occupational and Recreational Therapies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Amanda V Bakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Study Design and Biostatistics Center, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Deborah A Bilder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brooks R Keeshin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Center for Safe and Healthy Families, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Bajaj S, Raikes AC, Smith R, Vanuk JR, Killgore WDS. The Role of Prefrontal Cortical Surface Area and Volume in Preclinical Suicidal Ideation in a Non-Clinical Sample. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:445. [PMID: 31312146 PMCID: PMC6613495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicidal ideation (SUI) can occur in the absence of concomitant psychiatric diagnoses, and even normal levels can be problematic among individuals experiencing excess stress or lack of social support. The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroanatomical basis of SUI in non-clinical human populations who are within the normal limits of SUI, after accounting for elevated stress and perceived lack of social support. Neuroanatomical data were collected from 55 healthy individuals (mean age 30.9 ± 8.1 years, 27 females) whose depression severity levels were below the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Measures of SUI, aggression, stress, non-support, and treatment rejection were collected from the treatment-consideration scales (TCS) of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Correlations between standardized SUI scores and three brain morphometry measures, including vertex wise cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (CSA), and cortical volume (CV), were estimated for each participant, controlling for age, sex, intracranial volume, and the remaining TCS measures. We observed a significant negative association between scores on SUI and both CSA and CV (cluster-forming threshold of p < 0.005, clusterwise threshold of p < 0.05, FDR corrected for multiple comparisons) within the left rostral middle frontal gyrus. Our findings suggest that greater CSA and CV within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are associated with reduced SUI in a non-clinical population with mild levels of stress and perceived lack of social support. Because the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been broadly linked to cognitive reappraisal, self-critical thoughts, and emotional regulation, greater CSA and CV within these regions may lead to better mental health by protecting healthy individuals from engaging in SUI during periods of stress and perceived insufficient social support. As our data consisted of only healthy individuals with non-clinical levels of SUI, further investigation will be necessary to explore the neural basis of SUI in populations who may be at greater risk of future suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Bajaj
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (SCAN Lab), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Adam C Raikes
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (SCAN Lab), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ryan Smith
- The Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - John R Vanuk
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (SCAN Lab), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - William D S Killgore
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory (SCAN Lab), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Abstract
AIMS Suicidal behaviours in adolescents are prevalent and multifactorial. This study was conducted to examine the associations between exposure to suicide attempt (ESA) or suicide death (ESD) and suicidal behaviours in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. METHODS Participants included for the analysis were 11 831 adolescent students who participated in the baseline survey of the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort (SABHC). Participants were sampled from five middle and three high schools in three counties of Shandong province, China. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, behavioural and emotional problems, family environment, suicidal behaviours (suicidal thought, plan and attempt), and history of ESA or death of a family member, relative, friend or close acquaintance. Based on the sources of exposure, the participants were divided into four groups: non-exposure, exposure from relatives only, exposure from friends/close acquaintances only (EFO) and exposure from both relatives and friends (ERF). Logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between ESA or ESD and suicidal behaviours. RESULTS Mean age of the participants was 14.97 ± 1.46 years and 50.9% were boys. Of the participants, 9.4% reported having ESA, and 6.6% reported having ESD. The prevalence rates of suicidal behaviours were significantly higher in adolescents who had been exposed to suicide attempt or death than those who had not. Multivariate logistic regressions showed that ESA and ESD were both significantly associated with increased risks of suicidal thought (ESA: OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.66-2.31; ESD: OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.31-1.94), plan (ESA: OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.84-3.05; ESD: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.18-2.23) and attempt (ESA: OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.92-3.89; ESD: OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.18-2.82), respectively. When participants were exposed to suicide attempt, ERF and EFO groups had significantly higher risks of suicidal thought (ERF: OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.28-1.64; EFO: OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.64-2.36), plan (ERF: OR = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.04-6.78; EFO: OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.74-3.01) and attempt (ERF: OR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.30-10.17; EFO: OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.73-3.81), respectively. CONCLUSIONS ESA or ESD was associated with increased risks of suicidal behaviours in adolescents. Exposure to suicidal behaviours of relatives and friends/close acquaintances appeared to have different influence on adolescent suicidal behaviours. Further research is warranted to examine the biological and psychosocial mechanisms between suicidal exposure and subsequent suicidal behaviours in adolescents.
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Xu Y, Wang C, Shi M. Identifying Chinese adolescents with a high suicide attempt risk. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:474-480. [PMID: 30195741 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent suicide has become a serious public health problem in China. Since suicide attempts are considered the strongest predictor of suicide completion, it is valuable to identify adolescents with a high suicide attempt risk. This study aimed to develop a decision tree model for the interactive prediction of high suicide attempt risk in Chinese adolescents. A classification tree analysis was conducted in a sample of senior high school students (N = 6,686) based on the CRUISE program. The results indicated that depression, anxiety, social support, gender, self-esteem, family cohesion and adaptability were significant predictors of high suicide attempt risk, and interactions among these predictors constructed a hierarchical decision tree model. The tree model offered a series of reliable rules to identify Chinese adolescents with high suicide attempt risk, for example, adolescents with high depression scores had the highest probability (69.22%) of having a suicide attempt, female adolescents with low social support and low depression scores had the second highest probability (57.58%), and adolescents with low anxiety, low family adaptability, and medium depression scores had the third highest probability (55.77%). These exploratory findings suggested that different screening criteria are needed to detect at-risk Chinese adolescents with different severities of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Xu
- Department of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chihhuan Wang
- Department of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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Oppenheimer CW, Stone LB, Hankin BL. The influence of family factors on time to suicidal ideation onsets during the adolescent developmental period. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 104:72-77. [PMID: 29990669 PMCID: PMC6414226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Family factors are associated with suicidal behavior in youth, but little is known about how the joint influence of multiple family factors prospectively predicts onsets of suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescence, a developmental period characterized by increases in SI and risk for suicide. This study investigated whether parent history of SI interacted with either positive or negative parent-child relationship quality to longitudinally predict time to SI onsets during the transition into and across adolescence. Specifically, we used a longitudinal, multi-wave design and survival analyses to examine whether the interaction between these family factors prospectively predicted time to emergence of SI onsets (assessed at 6 month intervals over 3 years) in a community sample of youth ages 8 to 15 (N = 238; 57% girls). Results supported an interaction effect, such that more negative relationship quality with parents predicted earlier emergence of SI among those youth whose parents had no history of SI. However, negative parent relationship quality did not amplify risk among youth with parent history of SI; all youth with a parent history of SI were more likely to experience earlier emergence of SI regardless of level of negative relationship quality. Findings did not support an interaction between low levels of parent-child positive relationship quality and parent history of ideation. Implications for the role of family factors in the etiology and prevention of SI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W Oppenheimer
- 3811 O'Hara St., Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Lindsey B Stone
- Avenue of the Arts, Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - Benjamin L Hankin
- 603 East Daniel St., Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
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Heo HA, Park S, Pyo SW. Association of temporomandibular disorder and high frequency of suicide ideation in Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional survey. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:374-379. [PMID: 29771181 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1471517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between psychological factors and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in a representative sample using data from the Korean nationwide survey. METHODS The study included 1337 adolescents. Participants provided demographic, socio-economic and behavioural information, and responses to questionnaires assessing their mental health status including perceived stress, depressed mood and suicidal ideation in the presence of TMD. In univariate analysis, t-test was used to test the association between TMD and risk factors by gender in a complex sampling design. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between TMD and psychological factors. RESULTS Male adolescents with TMD were highly engaged with depressed mood and suicidal ideation (p = .0006, p = .0223), however, no psychological factors were significant in female adolescents (p < .05). Male adolescents with both depressed mood and suicidal ideation had significantly high rates of TMD (p = .0024). The risks for experiencing depressed mood (OR: 3.07) and suicidal ideation (OR: 2.564) were significantly associated with TMD in male adolescents after adjusting confounders. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that the depressed mood and suicidal ideation were associated with TMD in male adolescents. This study has important implications for enhanced screening and evaluation of mental health among patients with TMD according to gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun A. Heo
- Department of Dentistry College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suhyun Park
- Department of Dentistry College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Woon Pyo
- Department of Dentistry College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Sung-Man B. The influence of strain due to individual risk factors and social risk factors on depressive symptoms and suicidality-a population-based study in Korean adults: A STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11358. [PMID: 29979418 PMCID: PMC6076168 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is the outcome of the interaction of biological, personal, and social risk factors. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of strain due to individual risk factors and social risk factors on suicidality, and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms in relationship between strain related to individual risk factors and social risk factors and suicidality. The data from sociopsychological anxiety survey of Korea society conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2015 were used in verifying the model. We analyzed the data of 7000 adults aged 19 to 79 years using Structural Equation Modeling. Strain due to individual risk factors was positively related to depressive symptoms and suicidality. Interestingly, strain induced by social risk factors was positively associated with depressive symptoms and suicidality. Social support is significantly associated with depressive symptoms and suicidality. Depressive symptoms directly affected suicidality. In addition, strain due to individual risk factors and social risk factors indirectly affected suicidality mediating depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that not only individual efforts such as social interaction and depression prevention but also government efforts such as preparation for aging may be needed to decrease suicide rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bae Sung-Man
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Weather and Suicide: A Decade Analysis in the Five Largest Capital Cities of Colombia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071313. [PMID: 29932440 PMCID: PMC6069433 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Historically, seasonal variations in suicide rates were thought to be associated with changes in weather. Most of this evidence however, is based on studies that were conducted in developed countries that are located outside the tropics. As such, it is necessary to examine this association in developing countries, such as Colombia, which do not experience marked seasons. In addition, it is important to adjust for the effect of holidays when analyzing this association as they have been reported to be a relevant confounding factor. Our objective was to estimate the association between daily suicide incidence among men and women in five major Colombian cities (Bogotá, Medellin, Cali, Barranquilla, and Bucaramanga) and daily temperature and rainfall. For this purpose, we conducted a multi-city, multi-temporal ecological study from 2005 to 2015, using data from the suicide mortality registries (provided by the National Administrative Department of Statistics). Daily measurements of the two weather variables were obtained from the official historical registry of the meteorological station at each city airport. We used these data to estimate conditional Poisson models for daily suicide counts, stratifying by sex and adjusting for holidays. Although we found that none of the weather variable estimators could reject the null hypothesis, we uncovered an association between suicide incidence and long weekends in the total suicide model (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04⁻1.23). We found no evidence of association between weather variables and suicide in Colombia. Our study is based on daily observations and it provides evidence of absence of this association in a tropical country that does not experience marked seasons.
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Shekhani SS, Perveen S, Hashmi DES, Akbar K, Bachani S, Khan MM. Suicide and deliberate self-harm in Pakistan: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:44. [PMID: 29433468 PMCID: PMC5809969 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major global public health problem with more than 800,000 incidents worldwide annually. Seventy-five percent of the global suicides occur in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pakistan is a LMIC where information on suicidal behavior is limited. The aim of the review is to map available literature on determinants, risk factors and other variables of suicidal behavior in Pakistan. METHOD This study was based on Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework of scoping review, combining peer reviewed publications with grey literature. Ten databases including Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), Cochrane Trials Register (CRG), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), National Library of Medicine Gateway (NLMG), ExcerptaMedica (EMBASE), National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE (PUBMED), PSYCHINFO, Social Science Citation Index and Science Citation Index (SCI) and Pakmedinet.com were searched from the beginning of their time frames until December 2016 using a combination of key terms. The inclusion criteria included studies of various study designs covering different aspects of suicidal behavior in English language. RESULTS Six hundred and twenty three articles were initially retrieved from all ten databases. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts for relevance. One hundred and eighteen articles were read in full, out of which 11 were excluded because they did not fit the eligibility criteria. One hundred and ten articles, including two student theses and one report, were included in the final review. Most studies were descriptive in nature, with only three that used a case-control design. Majority of the studies were from urban areas, and addressed determinants rather than risk factors. Gender differences and age were predominantly reported, with more males committing suicide. Suicidal behavior was more common among individuals younger than 30 years of age. The three most common methods for suicides were hanging, poisoning and use of firearms. Mental illness as a risk factor for suicides was mentioned in only three studies. CONCLUSIONS This review is the first attempt to synthesize available literature on suicidal behavior in Pakistan. The evidence is limited, and calls for more robust analytical research designs, along with a focus on risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Sara Bachani
- Drexel University College of Medicine/Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Murad M. Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Singer JB, Erbacher TA, Rosen P. School-Based Suicide Prevention: A Framework for Evidence-Based Practice. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-018-9245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Suicide occurs more often in older than in younger people, but is still one of the leading causes of death in late childhood and adolescence worldwide. This not only results in a direct loss of many young lives, but also has disruptive psychosocial and adverse socio-economic effects. From the perspective of public mental health, suicide among young people is a main issue to address. Therefore we need good insight in the risk factors contributing to suicidal behavior in youth. This mini review gives a short overview of the most important risk factors for late school-age children and adolescents, as established by scientific research in this domain. Key risk factors found were: mental disorders, previous suicide attempts, specific personality characteristics, genetic loading and family processes in combination with triggering psychosocial stressors, exposure to inspiring models and availability of means of committing suicide. Further unraveling and knowledge of the complex interplay of these factors is highly relevant with regard to the development of effective prevention strategy plans for youth suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bilsen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Public Mental Health Section, European Public Health Association (EUPHA), Utrecht, Netherlands
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Sohrabivafa M, Tosang MA, Molaei Zadeh SZ, Goodarzi E, Asadi ZS, Alikhani A, Khazaei S, Dehghani SL, Beiranvand R, Khazaei Z. Prevalence of Risky Behaviors and Related Factors among Students of Dezful. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2017; 12:188-193. [PMID: 29062370 PMCID: PMC5640580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: There is a likelihood of risky behaviors such as drug abuse, risky sexual behavior, and adaptability issues in young ages. The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence of risky behaviors among students of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Method: This was a descriptive-analytical cross sectional study, with a random sampling approach. Scale of measuring risky behaviors was used to measure the risky behaviors (high speed driving, maim, drug use, and sexual behaviors) and related factors. The mean, standard deviation, Chi-square tests, t tests, and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The study was conducted on 150 (50%) female and 150 (50%) male students. Most of the participants aged 20 to 24 years. A statistically significant difference was obtained between the average scores of risky behaviors among female and male students (p˂0.05). The results of the present study revealed that the prevalence of risky behaviors, high speed driving, and drug consumption was different among the students of various study fields (p˂0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of risky behaviors among students of Dezful University was relatively low, and the prevalence of these behaviors in female students was far less than in male students. Risky behaviors were associated with background variables, except for mother's occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Sohrabivafa
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Tosang
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zeynab Molaei Zadeh
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Elham Goodarzi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Asadi
- Health Education & Promotion, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Alikhani
- 4 .Deputy of Medical Education Development Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Beiranvand
- Instructor of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shushtar, Iran
| | - Zaher Khazaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Tel: +98 66 42447234, Fax: +98 13 4922400,
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Aggarwal S, Patton G, Reavley N, Sreenivasan SA, Berk M. Youth self-harm in low- and middle-income countries: Systematic review of the risk and protective factors. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:359-375. [PMID: 28351292 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017700175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm (defined here as an act of intentionally causing harm to own self, irrespective of the type, motive or suicidal intent) is one of the strongest antecedents of suicide in youth. While there have been a number of studies of youth self-harm in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is currently no systematic review of studies of prevalence rates and risk and protective factors. AIM To systematically review the evidence relating to the prevalence rates and forms of self-harm in youth in LMICs and its relationship to family economic status, family functioning, relationship with the peer group, social relationships and academic performance. METHODS Electronic searches of three databases, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus, were performed. In total, 27 school-, community- and hospital-based studies evaluating self-harm in LMICs with youth focus (with participants between 12 and 25 years) were included. RESULTS The self-harm was divided into suicidal and non-suicidal depending on the nature of self-harm. The 12-month prevalence rates of non-suicidal self-harm varied from 15.5% to 31.3%, and the range of suicidal behaviour rates was from 3.2% to 4.7%. Banging and hitting were the most common in the community-based studies, followed by cutting, scratching and wound picking. Self-poisoning with pesticides was most commonly reported in hospital-based studies. Risk factors for self-harm were family conflict, peer groups with members indulging in self-harm, truancy and school absenteeism. Protective factors were having an understanding family, having friends and higher school competence. Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and attempts were lack of close friends and history of suicide by a friend. CONCLUSION The 12-month prevalence rates of youth self-harm in LMICs are comparable to high-income countries (HICs). The profile of risk and protective factors suggests that family-based interventions could be useful in treatment and prevention. Future studies should aim for greater consistency in assessment methods and the constructs under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Aggarwal
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - George Patton
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,3 Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Reavley
- 3 Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Michael Berk
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,4 Orygen: The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Golshiri P, Akbari M, Zarei A. Case-control study of risk factors for suicide attempts in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:109-114. [PMID: 28084153 DOI: 10.1177/0020764016685347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is an important, preventable, public health problem worldwide, caused by the interaction of numerous environmental, biological and psychosocial factors. AIMS This study aimed to identify the factors associated with suicidal attempts in Isfahan, Iran, in 2015. METHODS In this case-control study, 175 cases who committed suicide and were admitted to emergency services were compared with 175 controls selected among outpatients from the same hospital without any history of suicide attempt. Demographic, psychosocial, personality traits, religiosity, coping skills, stressful life events, socioeconomic status and psychiatric distress were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for suicide. RESULTS Marital status, education, socioeconomic status, psychological distress, perceived social support, stress coping strategies, personality, religious beliefs, stress life events and general health condition were significantly different between groups. The regression analysis revealed that perceived social support (odds ratio (OR) = 0.962, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94-0.984), religious beliefs (OR = 0.923, 95% CI: 0.867-0.984) and stressful life event (OR = 1.524, 95% CI: 1.251-1.856) were significantly associated with suicide attempts. CONCLUSION Our finding showed that religious beliefs, perceived social support and stressful life events are the main factors associated with suicide attempts. So, positive strategies such as improvements in life skills to control stressful life events, religiosity and perceived social support can be used to control suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Golshiri
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Akbari
- 2 Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Zarei
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Quevedo K, Martin J, Scott H, Smyda G, Pfeifer JH. The neurobiology of self-knowledge in depressed and self-injurious youth. Psychiatry Res 2016; 254:145-55. [PMID: 27442923 PMCID: PMC5737906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information regarding the neurobiology underlying non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in clinically-referred youth. However, the salience of disturbed interpersonal relationships and disrupted self-processing associated with NSSI suggests the neural basis of social processes as a key area for additional study. Adolescent participants (N=123; M=14.75 years, SD=1.64) were divided into three groups: NSSI plus depression diagnosis (NSSI), depression only (DEP), healthy controls (HC). In the scanner, participants completed an Interpersonal Self-Processing task by taking direct (own) and indirect (mothers', best friends', or classmates') perspectives regarding self-characteristics. Across all perspectives, NSSI showed higher BOLD activation in limbic areas, and anterior and posterior cortical midline structures versus DEP and HC, while HC showed greater activity in rostrolateral, frontal pole and occipital cortex than NSSI and DEP youth. Moreover, NSSI youth showed heightened responses in amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampus, and fusiform when taking their mothers' perspective, which were negatively correlated with self-reports of the mother's support of adolescents' emotional distress in the NSSI group. NSSI youth also yielded greater precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex activity during indirect self-processing from their classmates' perspective. Findings suggest a role for disruptions in self- and emotion-processing, and conflicted social relationships in the neurobiology of NSSI among depressed adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Jodi Martin
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hannah Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Garry Smyda
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Brewer-Smyth K. Obesity, traumatic brain injury, childhood abuse, and suicide attempts in females at risk. Rehabil Nurs 2014; 39:183-91. [PMID: 24668743 DOI: 10.1002/rnj.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that obesity is related to history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), severity and frequency of childhood physical (CPA) and sexual abuse (CSA), and suicide attempts, adjusting for related variables in a high risk female population. DESIGN This cross-sectional study of 81 females compared obese to non-obese. METHODS All variables were verified by private interviews, physical examination, and documented evidence, then statistically analyzed with logistic regression. FINDINGS Obesity at the time of interview was related to history of a decreased number of TBIs per person, greater CSA, suicide attempts, and decreased CPA, adjusting for current smoking, depression, currently using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and age. CONCLUSIONS Number of TBIs per person and CPA were inversely related to obesity, adjusting for related variables. Greater CSA frequency and severity, and having attempted suicide were significantly related to greater risk of obesity, adjusting for related variables. Though causes of obesity cannot be determined by this design, and findings should be viewed with caution, this study provides new insight into the obesity epidemic that requires further investigation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Rehabilitation nurses are in ideal settings when patient's conditions are less acute, providing opportunities to address complex serious underlying etiologies of obesity. Obesity has not been alleviated by teaching about diet and exercise because obesity may be the result of dietary self-medication of pain from previous experiences. CSA is a very serious problem that could precipitate suicide attempts, obesity, and multifaceted poor health outcomes throughout the life span; subsequently placing individuals at greater risk of requiring rehabilitation services.
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Shang L, Li J, Li Y, Wang T, Siegrist J. Stressful psychosocial school environment and suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:205-10. [PMID: 23811953 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide is one of the leading causes of death during adolescence worldwide. This study, using a sample of Chinese adolescents, examines associations of a stressful psychosocial school environment with suicidal ideation, which were rarely investigated so far. METHODS A total of 1,004 Chinese students (468 boys and 536 girls) from Grade 7-12 were recruited into our questionnaire survey. Psychosocial school environment was measured by the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire adapted to the school setting, and suicidal ideation was assessed by a standardized question. Multivariate logistic regression was applied, adjusting odds ratios for age, gender, grade, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, family wealth, and self-rated health. RESULTS In school settings, 10.86% students reported suicidal ideation during the last 6 months, which was found to be significantly related to both effort and reward. Remarkably, effort-reward imbalance was associated with elevated risk of suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.34-2.35). CONCLUSIONS This study finds significant associations between a stressful psychosocial school environment in terms of effort-reward imbalance and suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents. Preventive actions aiming at reducing this imbalance may define a promising approach towards a healthy psychosocial school environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Salman S, Idrees J, Hassan F, Idrees F, Arifullah M, Badshah S. Predictive Factors of Suicide Attempt and Non-Suicidal Self-Harm in Emergency Department. EMERGENCY (TEHRAN, IRAN) 2014; 2:166-9. [PMID: 26495374 PMCID: PMC4614564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is the third cause of mortality in America, second leading cause of death in developed countries, and one of the major health problems. Self-harm is self-inflicted damage to one's self with or without suicidal intent. In the present study, the predictive factors of suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-harm were evaluated in patients referred to emergency department (ED) with these problem. METHODS The total number of 45 patients with suicide attempt or self-harm admitted to ED were included. Clinical symptoms, thoughts and behaviors of suicidal, and non-suicidal self-harm in these patients were evaluated at baseline. Suicidality, suicidal intent and ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, social withdrawal, disruptive behavior, and poor family functions were evaluated at admission time. Brief clinical visits were scheduled for the twelfth weeks. In the twelfth week, patients returned for their final visit to determine their maintenance treatment. Finally, data were analyzed using chi-squared and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Forty-five patients were included in the study (56.1% female). The mean age of patients was 23.3±10.2 years (range: 15-75; 33.3% married). Significant association of suicide and self-injury was presented at the baseline and in the month before attempting (p=0.001). The most important predictive factors of suicide and self-harm based on univariate analysis were depression (suicidal and non-suicidal items of Hamilton depression rating scale), anxiety, hopelessness, younger age, history of non-suicidal self-harm and female gender (p<0.05). The participants' quality of life analysis showed a significant higher quality in physical component summary (p=0.002), mental component summary (p=0.001), and general health (p=0.001) at follow up period. CONCLUSION At the time of admission in ED, suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-harm are subsequent clinical markers for the patient attempting suicide again. The most independent predictive factors of suicide attempt and self-harm were poor family function, hopelessness, non-suicidality items of Hamilton depression rating scale, history of non-suicidal self-harm, and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Salman
- Department of Psychiatry and Drug Detoxification Centre, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan,Corresponding Author: Saad Salman; Department of Psychiatry and Drug Detoxification Centre, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Pakistan. Fax/Tel: 091-9222009;
| | - Jawaria Idrees
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Fariha Idrees
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Sareer Badshah
- Department of Statistics, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Shoval G, Shmulewitz D, Wall MM, Aharonovich E, Spivak B, Weizman A, Hasin D. Alcohol dependence and suicide-related ideation/behaviors in an Israeli household sample, with and without major depression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:820-5. [PMID: 24117756 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide-related ideation and behaviors (SRIB) are associated with both alcohol disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of alcohol dependence (AD) and major depression to the risk for lifetime SRIB. METHODS Data from a community-based sample of 1,237 adult Israeli lifetime drinkers assessed with reliable diagnostic measures were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS Lifetime SRIB was reported in 4.7% and was more prevalent among participants with AD (9.0%) than among those without AD (4.1%); p-value = 0.01. Although both AD and major depression were associated with SRIB (AD: OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4; MDD: OR 11.4, 95% CI = 6.4 to 20.4), joint analysis showed that AD without MDD increased risk for SRIB as compared to those without AD or MDD (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 9.1), but AD did not increase risk among those with MDD (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.7). Among those with AD, the severity of subclinical depressive symptoms was associated with increased SRIB. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that AD increases risk for SRIB among individuals without a history of major depression. Suicidal tendencies may be undetected and underdiagnosed in this group because of the absence of major depression and therefore left untreated. These findings should be considered when adopting suicide prevention or treatment strategies for this high-risk subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Shoval
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Giakoumatos CI, Tandon N, Shah J, Mathew IT, Brady RO, Clementz BA, Pearlson GD, Thaker GK, Tamminga CA, Sweeney JA, Keshavan MS. Are structural brain abnormalities associated with suicidal behavior in patients with psychotic disorders? J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:1389-95. [PMID: 23866739 PMCID: PMC4075042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Suicide represents a major health problem world-wide. Nevertheless, the understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of suicidal behavior remains far from complete. We compared suicide attempters to non-attempters, and high vs. low lethality attempters, to identify brain regions associated with suicidal behavior in patients with psychotic disorders. 489 individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic bipolar disorder I and 262 healthy controls enrolled in the B-SNIP study were studied. Groups were compared by attempt history and the highest medical lethality of previous suicide attempts. 97 patients had a history of a high lethality attempt, 51 of a low lethality attempt and 341 had no attempt history. Gray matter volumes were obtained from 3T structural MRI scans using FreeSurfer. ANCOVAs were used to examine differences between groups, followed by Hochberg multiple comparison correction. Compared to non-attempters, attempters had significantly less gray matter volume in bilateral inferior temporal and superior temporal cortices, left superior parietal, thalamus and supramarginal regions, right insula, superior frontal and rostral middle frontal regions. Among attempters, a history of high lethality attempts was associated with significantly smaller volumes in the left lingual gyrus and right cuneus. Compared to non-attempters, low lethality attempters had significant decreases in the left supramarginal gyrus, thalamus and the right insula. Structural brain abnormalities may distinguish suicide attempters from non-attempters and high from low lethality attempters among individuals with psychotic disorders. Regions in which differences were observed are part of neural circuitries that mediate inhibition, impulsivity and emotion, visceral, visual and auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos I Giakoumatos
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
| | - Jai Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,
| | - Ian T Mathew
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
| | - Roscoe O Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital/Institute of Living, Hartford, Connecticut,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,
| | - Gunvant K Thaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas,
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas,
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
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Kim JH, Park EC, Cho WH, Park CY, Park JY, Choi WJ, Chang HS. Association between total sleep duration and suicidal ideation among the Korean general adult population. Sleep 2013; 36:1563-72. [PMID: 24082316 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Examine the association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation in Korean adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Data obtained by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007-2009) using a rolling sampling design involving a complex, stratified, multistage, and probability-cluster survey of civilian non-institutionalized Korean residents. PARTICIPANTS A total of 15,236 subjects (6,638 males and 8,598 females) ≥ 19 years old. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The weighted prevalence of self-reported short sleep duration (≤ 5 h/day) was 11.7% in males and 15% in females, and of long sleep duration (≥ 9 h/day) was 6.7% in males and 8.9% in females. A U-shaped relationship existed, with both short and long sleep durations associated with a higher suicidal ideation risk. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between sleep duration and suicidal ideation, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behavior, and health status. After controlling for covariates, people with short sleep were 38.1% more likely to have suicidal ideation (OR = 1.381, 95% CI 1.156-1.650) than people with sleep duration of 7 h/day. Suicidal ideation was 1.196 times higher (95% CI: 0.950-1.507) in long-sleeping people than people sleeping 7 h/day, although statistically not significant. Inclusion of depressive mood (a potential confounder) in multiple logistic regression models attenuated but did not eliminate the sleep duration/suicidal ideation association. LIMITATIONS Sleep duration and suicidal ideation were assessed only by self-report. CONCLUSIONS The sleep duration/suicidal ideation relationship is U-shaped in the Korean adult population. Self-reported habitual sleep duration may be a useful behavioral indicator for both individual and societal suicidal ideation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei Univeristy, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei Univeristy, Seoul, Korea
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Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Ayubi E, Asadollahi K, Carson KV, Sayehmiri K. Determination of the social related factors of suicide in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:4. [PMID: 23289631 PMCID: PMC3627903 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide, a social phenomenon, is a major health problem in most countries. Yet data relating to the role social factors play in the development of this condition are lacking, with some factors shrouded in greater ambiguity than others. As such, this review aimed to determine the prevalence of social-related factors resulting in suicide and to present these findings through meta-analyses, allowing for causes of heterogeneity to be examined. METHODS Scientific databases including PubMed and Science direct were searched using sensitive keywords. Two researchers reviewed the eligibility of studies and extracted data. Meta-regression with the Mantel-Haenszel method was conducted using a random effect model, in addition to subgroup analysis and Egger's test. RESULTS A total of 2,526 articles were retrieved through the initial search strategy, producing 20 studies from 16 provinces for analysis. The most frequent cause of attempted suicide among the 20 analyzed articles was family conflict with 32% (95% CI: 26-38). Other related factors included marital problems (26%; 95% CI: 20-33), economic constrains (12%; 95% CI: 8-15) and educational failures (5%; 95% CI: 3-8). Results of meta-regression analysis found that sample size significantly affects heterogeneity for the factor 'family conflict'. CONCLUSIONS Social factors such as family conflicts and marital problems have a noticeable role in Iranian suicidology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Nazarzadeh
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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