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Hatami M, Haghighat N, Sohrabi Z, Javanbakht MH, Pazouki A, Farsani GM. Association Between Dietary Intake After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery and Antioxidant/inflammatory Status: A 6-Month Pilot Prospective Cohort Study. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2499-2507. [PMID: 38848028 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Adipose tissue can increase levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, which explains the relationship between obesity and many chronic diseases. Weight loss, changes in adipose tissue metabolism, and dietary nutrient intake changes following bariatric surgery could affect a number of oxidative- and inflammation-related factors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential relationship between dietary intake and inflammatory/antioxidant markers in the 6 months following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). MATERIAL AND METHODS This pilot prospective cohort study included 45 patients with severe obesity who underwent RYGB. The patients were assessed at three different time points: baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-surgery. Throughout the study, dietary intake data, levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), NF-κB, and serum levels of certain micronutrients were measured three times. Dietary macro- and micronutrient intake data were obtained three times throughout the study using the 24-h food recall questionnaire. RESULTS The analysis of dietary indices in the present study found a significant positive correlation between the dietary intake of zinc, copper, MUFA, and serum TAC levels. It also revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum levels of NF-κB with vitamin E and PUFA intake. Additionally, there was a significant positive association between the amount of dietary carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids intake and the levels of NF-κB. Furthermore, within 3 to 6 months after the surgery, patients experienced an increase in serum levels of TAC, ferritin, vitamin D3, vitamin B12, and folate. However, there was a decrease in serum levels of NF-κB, zinc, and copper. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss and nutritional status may potentially impact oxidative stress and inflammation levels within 6 months following RYGB surgery. Further research is necessary to comprehensively investigate the different facets of this correlation and elucidate the precise underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Hatami
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Haghighat
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Pazouki
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center of Excellence of International Federation for Surgery of Obesity, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mohammadi Farsani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Anam A, Liu C, Tong L, Liu YC. Blood-Derived Eye Drops for the Treatment of Corneal Neuropathic Pain. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024; 40:281-292. [PMID: 38648544 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood-derived preparations, including autologous or allogenic serum, umbilical cord serum/plasma, and platelet-rich plasma eye drops, contain various growth factors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins that resemble natural tears. These components play important roles in corneal cell migration, proliferation, and wound healing. Blood-derived eye drops have demonstrated clinical effectiveness across a spectrum of ocular surface conditions, encompassing dry eye disease, Sjögren's syndrome, graft-versus-host disease, and neuropathic corneal pain (NCP). Currently, management of NCP remains challenging. The emergence of blood-derived eye drops represents a promising therapeutic approach. In this review, we discuss the benefits and limitations of different blood-derived eye drops, their mechanisms of action, and treatment efficacy in patients with NCP. Several studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of autologous serum eye drops in relieving pain and pain-like symptoms, such as allodynia and photoallodynia. Corneal nerve parameters were also significantly improved, as evidenced by increased nerve fiber density, length, nerve reflectivity, and tortuosity, as well as a decreased occurrence of beading and neuromas after the treatment. The extent of nerve regeneration correlated with improvement in patient-reported photoallodynia. Cord plasma eye drops also show potential for symptom alleviation and corneal nerve regeneration. Future directions for clinical practice and research involve standardizing preparation protocols, establishing treatment guidelines, elucidating underlying mechanisms, conducting long-term clinical trials, and implementing cost-effective measures such as scaling up manufacturing. With ongoing advancements, blood-derived eye drops hold promise as a valuable therapeutic option for patients suffering from NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansa Anam
- Department of Ophthalmology, MTI Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Chang Liu
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Department of Corneal and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Ocular Surface Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Corneal and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Li L, Bai S, Zhao H, Tan J, Wang Y, Zhang A, Jiang L, Zhao Y. Dietary Supplementation with Naringin Improves Systemic Metabolic Status and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Transition Cows via Modulating Adipose Tissue Function: A Lipid Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:638. [PMID: 38929076 PMCID: PMC11200899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows face metabolic challenges around the time of calving, leading to a negative energy balance and various postpartum health issues. Adipose tissue is crucial for cows during this period, as it regulates energy metabolism and supports immune function. Naringin, one of the main flavonoids in citrus fruit and their byproducts, is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituent. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplemental naringin on performance, systemic inflammation, oxidative status, and adipose tissue metabolic status. A total of 36 multiparous Holstein cows (from ~21 d prepartum through 35 d postpartum) were provided a basal control (CON) diet or a CON diet containing naringin (NAR) at 30 g/d per cow. Supplemental NAR increased the yield of raw milk and milk protein, without affecting dry matter intake. Cows fed NAR showed significantly lower levels (p < 0.05) of serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-6, malonaldehyde, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, but increased (p < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity relative to those fed CON. Supplemental NAR increased (p < 0.05) adipose tissue adiponectin abundance, decreased inflammatory responses, and reduced oxidative stress. Lipidomic analysis showed that cows fed NAR had lower concentrations of ceramide species (p < 0.05) in the serum and adipose tissue than did the CON-fed cows. Adipose tissue proteomics showed that proteins related to lipolysis, ceramide biosynthesis, inflammation, and heat stress were downregulated (p < 0.05), while those related to glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and the extracellular matrix were upregulated (p < 0.05). Feeding NAR to cows may reduce the accumulation of ceramide by lowering serum levels of NEFA and LPS and increasing adiponectin expression, thereby decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, ultimately improving their systemic metabolic status. Including NAR in periparturient cows' diets improves lactational performance, reduces excessive lipolysis in adipose tissue, and decreases systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. Integrating lipidomic and proteomic data revealed that reduced ceramide and increased glycerophospholipids may alleviate metabolic dysregulations in adipose tissue, which in turn benefits systemic metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Sarula Bai
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100076, China;
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Jian Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
| | - Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (L.L.); (H.Z.); (J.T.); (Y.W.); (A.Z.)
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Gong J. Oxylipins biosynthesis and the regulation of bovine postpartum inflammation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 171:106814. [PMID: 38280540 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Uncontrolled or dysregulated inflammation has adverse effects on the reproduction, production and health of animals, and is a major pathological cause of increased incidence and severity of infectious and metabolic diseases. To achieve successful transition from a non-lactation pregnant state to a non-pregnant lactation state, drastic metabolic and endocrine alteration have taken place in dairy cows during the periparturient period. These physiological changes, coupled with decreased dry matter intake near calving and sudden change of diet composition after calving, have the potential to disrupt the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammation, resulting in a disordered or excessive inflammatory response. In addition to cytokines and other immunoregulatory factors, most oxylipins formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxygenation pathways have pro- or anti-inflammatory properties and play a pivotal role in the onset, development and resolution of inflammation. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility that oxylipins could function as endogenous immunomodulating agents. This review will provide a detailed overview of the main oxylipins derived from different PUFAs and discuss the regulatory role that oxylipins play in the postpartum inflammatory response in dairy cows. Based on the current research, much remains to be illuminated in this emerging field. Understanding the role that oxylipins play in the control of postpartum inflammation and inflammatory-based disease may improve our ability to prevent transition disorders via Management, pharmacological, genetic selection and dietary intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, 81 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010022, China.
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5
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Hosseini SH, Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Mansouryar M, Vazirigohar M, Rezamand P, Mahjoubi E, Ramezankhani J, Aschenbach JR. Response to Incremental Replacement of Palm Oil with Fish Oil in Starter Diet on Growth Performance, Plasma Metabolites, Ruminal Fermentation, and Behavior of Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1061. [PMID: 38612300 PMCID: PMC11010903 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the incremental levels of n-3 fatty acids (FA) in starter feed (SF) on growth and metabolic performance of milk-fed calves. From day 3 of age, 30 female calves (39.4 ± 3.1 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: (1) SF supplemented with 3.3% palm fatty acids (PO), (2) SF supplemented with 1.7% of PO and 1.9% fish oil (PFO), or (3) SF supplemented with 3.9% fish oil (FO). Chopped straw (7.5% of DM) was included in the SF of all treatments as total mixed ration (TMR). Diets had similar energy and protein contents. Total n-3 FA (% of total FA) and n-6/n-3 of PO, PFO, and FO were 1.90, 6.80, and 11.8 and 15.5, 4.50, and 2.70, respectively. The BW was greater for calves receiving FO (60.2 ± 0.3 kg) compared with PFO (58.7 ± 0.3 kg; p = 0.007) and tended to be greater for calves receiving FO vs. PO (59.0 ± 0.3 kg; p = 0.050). Because there was no interaction effect between diet × week of experiment, the greater BW of FO could not be attributed to the dietary treatment. Accordingly, average daily gain, total dry matter intake (DMI), starter DMI, and gain to intake ratio (G:FI) did not differ among dietary treatments during the entire period of the study (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments did not impact body size parameters such as body length, body girth, withers height, heart girth, hip height, and width (p > 0.05). Neither ruminal fermentation parameters nor blood variables were influenced by supplementing the types of oil at different time points. Calves' behavioral parameters, such as standing, lying, eating, and ruminating, were not influenced by different dietary treatments (p > 0.05). The number of days with abnormal fecal score was not different among dietary groups (p > 0.05). Overall, our findings suggest that changing the n-6/n-3 ratio in starter feed by incremental replacement of palm fatty acid with fish oil at a moderate supplemental level of ~3% of DM may not affect the growth and metabolic performance of young calves under non-challenged conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hadi Hosseini
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38111, Iran; (S.H.H.)
| | - Hamidreza Mirzaei-Alamouti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38111, Iran; (S.H.H.)
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Morteza Mansouryar
- Zist Dam Group, University Incubator Center, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Mina Vazirigohar
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Zist Dam Group, University Incubator Center, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Pedram Rezamand
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2330, USA
| | - Ehsan Mahjoubi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38111, Iran; (S.H.H.)
| | - Jafar Ramezankhani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38111, Iran; (S.H.H.)
| | - Jörg R. Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
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6
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Wang W, Chen H, Zhang W, Fan D, Deng J, Yang H. Ginsenoside Rk3 Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Colitis by Modulating Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2997-3007. [PMID: 38300824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is closely related to obesity and its complications. Our previous study found that ginsenoside Rk3 (Rk3), a natural bioactive substance derived from ginseng, can effectively alleviate obesity-induced colitis, while its impact on the improvement of the lipid metabolism disorder remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Rk3 significantly alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid dysregulation in high-fat diet-induced colitis C57BL/6 mice. The potential mechanism by which Rk3 mitigated colon inflammation in the context of obesity may involve the modulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism with specific attention to n-6 fatty acids, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid. Rk3 intervention markedly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory factors (PGE2, PGD2, TXB2, HETE, and HODE) by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, while enhancing the production of anti-inflammatory factors (EET and diHOME) via cytochrome P450 pathways. Our findings suggest that Rk3 is a potential anti-inflammatory natural drug that can improve obesity-induced intestinal inflammation by regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhao H, Tang C, Wang M, Zhao H, Zhu Y. Ferroptosis as an emerging target in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260839. [PMID: 37928554 PMCID: PMC10620966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Due to the rise in the incidence rate of RA and the limitations of existing therapies, the search for new treatment strategies for RA has become a global focus. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, with distinct differences from apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. Under the conditions of iron accumulation and the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity loss, the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxide is the direct cause of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis mediates inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid oxidative damage processes, and also participates in the occurrence and pathological progression of inflammatory joint diseases including RA. This review provides insight into the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in RA and discusses the potential and challenges of ferroptosis as a new therapeutic strategy for RA, with an effort to provide new targets for RA prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- The Geriatrics, Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Wang
- The Geriatrics, Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfang Zhao
- The Geriatrics, Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- The Geriatrics, Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- The Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Yang RJ, Zou J, Liu JY, Dai JK, Wan JB. Click chemistry-based enrichment strategy for tracing cellular fatty acid metabolism by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1221-1231. [PMID: 38024853 PMCID: PMC10657974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs), which were initially recognized as energy sources and essential building blocks of biomembranes, serve as the precursors of important signaling molecules. Tracing FA metabolism is essential to understanding the biochemical activity and role of FAs in physiological and pathological events. Inspired by the advances in click chemistry for protein enrichment, we herein established a click chemistry-based enrichment (CCBE) strategy for tracing the cellular metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) in neural cells. Terminal alkyne-labeled EPA (EPAA) used as a surrogate was incubated with N2a, mouse neuroblastoma cells, and alkyne-labeled metabolites (ALMs) were selectively captured by an azide-modified resin via a Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction for enrichment. After removing unlabeled metabolites, ALMs containing a triazole moiety were cleaved from solid-phase resins and subjected to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The proposed CCBE strategy is highly selective for capturing and enriching alkyne-labeled metabolites from the complicated matrices. In addition, this method can overcome current detection limits by enhancing MS sensitivity of targets, improving the chromatographic separation of sn-position glycerophospholipid regioisomers, facilitating structural characterization of ALMs by a specific MS/MS fragmentation signature, and providing versatile fluorescence detection of ALMs for cellular distribution. This CCBE strategy might be expanded to trace the metabolism of other FAs, small molecules, or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jia-Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jiang-Kun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
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Arab A, Karimi E, Nazari M, Tabibi H, As’habi A. Association between the dietary inflammatory index and markers of endothelial and systemic inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1230747. [PMID: 37781127 PMCID: PMC10538634 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1230747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The current survey aimed to investigate the link between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and risk factors for CVD including markers of endothelial and systemic inflammation in Iranian hemodialysis patients. Methods Patients on hemodialysis for at least 6 months prior to enrollment were considered eligible in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intakes of the hemodialysis individuals were examined through 4 non-consecutive days including 2 dialysis days and 2 non-dialysis days using a 24-h recall approach to calculate E-DII. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to investigate the link between E-DII and selected biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress including high-sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), serum vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM), malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide (NO), sE-selectin, and endothelin-1, and beta (β) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. Value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Overall, 291 hemodialysis patients make up our study population. In the crude model, the E-DII score was positively associated with a higher sVCAM-1 (β = 177.39; 95% CI: 60.51, 294.26; ptrend = 0.003). Further adjustment for potential confounders attenuated the findings in a way that an increase of 128.72 in the sVCAM-1 was observed when the E-DII score increased from -2.68 to -1.14 (95% CI: 13.50, 243.94). After controlling for potential confounders, E-DII was associated with sE-selectin in hemodialysis patients in the highest category of E-DII as compared to the lowest category (β = 4.11; 95% CI: 0.22, 8.00; ptrend = 0.039). Conclusion The present findings suggest that adherence to a pro-inflammatory diet among hemodialysis patients is associated with a higher inflammatory status as evidenced by sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin; however, bidirectionality may exist and the role of residual confounders should be taken into account. Therefore, more longitudinal investigations are needed to elucidate the role of diet on the inflammatory status of hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Development Center, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hadi Tabibi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh As’habi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Mendanha D, Gimondi S, Costa BM, Ferreira H, Neves NM. Microfluidic-derived docosahexaenoic acid liposomes for glioblastoma therapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 53:102704. [PMID: 37582426 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant primary brain tumor and currently lacks an effective treatment. In this study, we utilized a microfluidic system to synthesize docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) liposomes for GBM therapy. DHA is an omega-3 (ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acid commonly found in human dietary consumption that has demonstrated potential in mitigating cancer development. The microfluidic device employed allowed for precise fine-tuning of the physicochemical properties of liposomes by adjusting the flow rate ratios, flow rates, and lipid concentrations. Three distinct-sized liposomes, ranging from 80 nm and 130 nm, were successfully internalized by GBM cells, and demonstrated the ability to reduce the viability of these cells. Furthermore, DHA liposomes proved significantly more efficient in triggering apoptotic pathways, through caspase-3-dependent mechanisms, in comparison to free DHA. Thus, the nanomedicine platform established in this study presents new opportunities in the development of liposome formulations incorporating ω3 fatty acids for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mendanha
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S Gimondi
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - B M Costa
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - H Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - N M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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11
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Sigh S, Lauritzen L, Wieringa FT, Laillou A, Chamnan C, Stark KD, Roos N. Changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids during treatment of malnourished children may be insufficient to reach required essential fatty acid levels - A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1778-1787. [PMID: 37572581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a global concern. Studies on the impact of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are almost non-existent. The aim was to investigate the change in whole-blood PUFA and nutrition and health markers among Cambodian children with SAM after treatment with RUTFs. METHODS The trial was an 8-week randomised clinical trial of the effectiveness of locally produced fish-based RUTF (L-RUTF) vs standard milk-based RUFT (S-RUTF). Whole-blood fatty acids were analysed using dried blood spots. Nutrition and health markers were assessed using anthropometric assessment and blood samples for markers of inflammation. The trial was conducted at the National Pediatric Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, with one hundred and twenty-one 6-59-month-old children in treatment for SAM. RESULTS L-RUTF had a higher content of n-3 PUFA and a higher content of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while S-RUTF had the highest content of n-6 PUFA. At baseline, the children presented with a Mead acid level in whole-blood of around 0.08% of total fatty acids (FA%) and an omega-3 index of ∼0.91 ± 0.44. After eight weeks of S-RUTF treatment, linoleic acid (LA), AA, n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, and Mead acid levels were increased. The L-RUTF intervention did not change the whole-blood PUFAs from baseline. At discharge, the children in the L-RUTF group had a lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio than the children in the S-RUTF group, driven by a lower alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (0.20 vs 0.27 FA%, p = 0.004) and lower LA (15.77 vs 14.21 FA%, p = 0.018) with no significant differences in AA or DHA levels. Weight-for-height z-score at discharge was negatively associated with total PUFA (β -1.4 FA%, 95%CI. -2.7; -0.1), n-6 LCPUFA (β -1.3 FA%, 95%CI. -1.3; -0.3), and AA (β -0.6 FA%, 95%CI. -1.0; -0.2). Age-adjusted height was negatively associated with the Mead acid:AA ratio (β -1.2 FA%, 95%CI. -2.2; -0.2). No significant change was seen in inflammation markers within groups or between groups during treatment, and n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were not associated with markers of inflammation or haemoglobin status at discharge. CONCLUSION The trial found that whole-blood markers of PUFA status were low in children at admission and discharge from SAM treatment, indicating that the currently recommended composition of RUTFs are not able to correct their compromised essential fatty acid status. The higher content of DHA and AA in L-RUTF did not give rise to any improvement in PUFA status. No changes in health markers or associations between PUFA and health markers were found. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02907424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Sigh
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality Control, Fisheries Administration, #186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, 12101 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Frank T Wieringa
- UMR QualiSud, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France; Qualisud, University of Montpellier, Avignon University, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Arnaud Laillou
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF West and Central Africa Region, Dakar 29720, Senegal.
| | - Chhoun Chamnan
- Department of Fisheries Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality Control, Fisheries Administration, #186 Preah Norodom Boulevard, 12101 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Ken D Stark
- University of Waterloo, Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Nanna Roos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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12
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Chandrasekaran R, Morris CR, Butzirus IM, Mark ZF, Kumar A, Souza De Lima D, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, Poynter ME, Anathy V, Dixon AE. Obesity exacerbates influenza-induced respiratory disease via the arachidonic acid-p38 MAPK pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1248873. [PMID: 37680710 PMCID: PMC10482034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1248873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for severe influenza, and asthma exacerbations caused by respiratory viral infections. We investigated mechanisms that increase the severity of airway disease related to influenza in obesity using cells derived from obese and lean individuals, and in vitro and in vivo models. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (pHNECs) derived from obese compared with lean individuals developed increased inflammation and injury in response to influenza A virus (IAV). Obese mice infected with influenza developed increased airway inflammation, lung injury and elastance, but had a decreased interferon response, compared with lean mice. Lung arachidonic acid (AA) levels increased in obese mice infected with IAV; arachidonic acid increased inflammatory cytokines and injury markers in response to IAV in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Obesity in mice, and AA in HBE cells, increased activation of p38 MAPK signaling following IAV infection; inhibiting this pathway attenuated inflammation, injury and tissue elastance responses, and improved survival. In summary, obesity increases disease severity in response to influenza infection through activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in response to altered arachidonic acid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravishankar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Morris
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Isabella M. Butzirus
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Zoe F. Mark
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Dhemerson Souza De Lima
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Anne E. Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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13
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Magen-Rimon R, Day AS, Shaoul R. Nutritional aspects of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:731-740. [PMID: 37384423 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2231340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of people diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to increase in most parts of the world. Although the exact etiology of this chronic intestinal disease is not fully understood, nutritional factors appear to play key roles. Furthermore, individuals with IBD are at increased risk of adverse nutritional impacts, including micronutrient deficiencies. AREAS COVERED This review aims to summarize recent reports focusing on nutritional factors relevant to the development of IBD and to also review data on nutritional deficiencies seen in individuals with IBD. EXPERT OPINION The typical western diet, characterized by high-fat/high-sugar foods, along with food additives, appears to contribute to the etiopathogenesis of IBD. In contrast, some reports indicate that some foods are likely protective. However, there are inconsistencies in the currently available data, reflecting study design and other confounding factors. Furthermore, some of the conclusions are inferred from animal or in vitro studies. The presence of IBD can compromise the nutrition of individuals with one of these disorders: ongoing monitoring is critical. Nutrition and diet in the setting of IBD remain key areas for further and ongoing study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramit Magen-Rimon
- Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition Institute, Ruth Children's Hospital of Haifa, Rambam Health Care Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ron Shaoul
- Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition Institute, Ruth Children's Hospital of Haifa, Rambam Health Care Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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14
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Khoury S, Soubeyre V, Cabaret S, Grégoire S, Mézière E, Masson E, Grosmaitre X, Bretillon L, Berdeaux O, Acar N, Le Bon AM. Impact of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during the perinatal and post-weaning periods on the phospholipid and ganglioside composition of olfactory tissues. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 191:102556. [PMID: 36870298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory mucosa (OM) and olfactory bulb (OB) are neuronal tissues that contribute to the early processing of olfactory information. They contain significant amounts of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are crucial for neuronal tissue development. In this study, we evaluated the impact of feeding mice diets that are either deficient in α-linolenic acid (ALA) or supplemented with n-3 long-chain PUFAs from gestation to adolescence on the phospholipid and ganglioside composition of these tissues. Both diets modified the levels of some phospholipid classes, notably the phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine levels. In addition, the low-ALA diet enriched n-6 PUFAs in the main phospholipid classes of both tissues, while the diet supplemented with n-3 PUFAs enhanced the n-3 PUFA-containing phospholipid species level, mainly in OM. The diets also modulated the levels and profiles of several ganglioside classes in OM and OB. These modifications may have repercussions on the olfactory sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiro Khoury
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Vanessa Soubeyre
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabaret
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Esther Mézière
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Elodie Masson
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Xavier Grosmaitre
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Marie Le Bon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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15
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Fiore E, Lisuzzo A, Laghi L, Harvatine KJ, Mazzotta E, Alterisio MC, Ciaramella P, Zhu C, Contiero B, Faillace V, Guccione J. Serum metabolomics assessment of etiological processes predisposing ketosis in water buffalo during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3465-3476. [PMID: 36935234 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders as ketosis are manifestations of the animal's inability to manage the increase in energy requirement during early lactation. Generally, buffaloes show a different response to higher metabolic demands than other ruminants with a lower incidence of metabolic problems, although ketosis is one of the major diseases that may decrease the productivity in buffaloes. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolic profile of Mediterranean buffaloes (MB) associated with 2 different levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Sixty-two MB within 50 days in milk (DIM) were enrolled and divided into 2 groups according to serum BHB concentration: healthy group (37 MB; BHB <0.70 mmol/L; body condition score: 5.00; parity: 3.78; and DIM: 30.70) and group at risk of hyperketonemia (25 MB; BHB ≥0.70 mmol/L; body condition score: 4.50; parity: 3.76; and DIM: 33.20). The statistical analysis was conducted by one-way ANOVA and unpaired 2-sample Wilcoxon tests. Fifty-seven metabolites were identified and among them, 12 were significant or tended to be significant. These metabolites were related to different metabolic changes such as mobilization of body resources, ruminal fermentations, urea cycle, thyroid hormone synthesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress status. These findings are suggestive of metabolic changes related to subclinical ketosis status that should be further investigated to better characterize this disease in the MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - A Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - L Laghi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - K J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College 16801
| | - E Mazzotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - M C Alterisio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II," Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
| | - P Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II," Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - B Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - V Faillace
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padua, Italy
| | - J Guccione
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli "Federico II," Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
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16
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Gitta S, Márk L, Szentpéteri JL, Szabó É. Lipid Changes in the Peri-Implantation Period with Mass Spectrometry Imaging: A Systematic Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010169. [PMID: 36676119 PMCID: PMC9866151 DOI: 10.3390/life13010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging is a sensitive method for detecting molecules in tissues in their native form. Lipids mainly act as energy stores and membrane constituents, but they also play a role in lipid signaling. Previous studies have suggested an important role of lipids in implantation; therefore, our aim was to investigate the lipid changes during this period based on the available literature. The systematic literature search was performed on Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and LILACS. We included studies about lipid changes in the early embryonal stage of healthy mammalian development published as mass spectrometry imaging. The search retrieved 917 articles without duplicates, and five articles were included in the narrative synthesis of the results. Two articles found a different spatial distribution of lipids in the early bovine embryo and receptive uterus. Three articles investigated lipids in mice in the peri-implantation period and found a different spatial distribution of several glycerophospholipids in both embryonic and maternal tissues. Although only five studies from three different research groups were included in this systematic review, it is clear that the spatial distribution of lipids is diverse in different tissues and their distribution varies from day to day. This may be a key factor in successful implantation, but further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefánia Gitta
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Márk
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Human Reproduction Laboratory, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - József L. Szentpéteri
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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17
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Deng L, He S, Guo N, Tian W, Zhang W, Luo L. Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and relevance to inflammation. Inflamm Res 2022; 72:281-299. [PMID: 36536250 PMCID: PMC9762665 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a defensive response of the organism to irritation which is manifested by redness, swelling, heat, pain and dysfunction. The inflammatory response underlies the role of various diseases. Ferroptosis, a unique modality of cell death, driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is regulated by multifarious cellular metabolic pathways, including redox homeostasis, iron processing and metabolism of lipids, as well as various signaling pathways associated with diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ferroptosis is involved in inflammatory response, and targeting ferroptosis has great prospects in preventing and treating inflammatory diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literatures on ferroptosis, inflammation, inflammatory factors and inflammatory diseases published from January 1, 2010 to now were searched in PubMed database. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms associated with ferroptosis, discuss the interaction between ferroptosis and inflammation, the role of mitochondria in inflammatory ferroptosis, and the role of targeting ferroptosis in inflammatory diseases. As more and more studies have confirmed the relationship between ferroptosis and inflammation in a wide range of organ damage and degeneration, drug induction and inhibition of ferroptosis has great potential in the treatment of immune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Deng
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 Guangdong China
| | - Shasha He
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Nuoqing Guo
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 Guangdong China
| | - Wen Tian
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023 Guangdong China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China. .,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Petkevicius K, Palmgren H, Glover MS, Ahnmark A, Andréasson AC, Madeyski-Bengtson K, Kawana H, Allman EL, Kaper D, Uhrbom M, Andersson L, Aasehaug L, Forsström J, Wallin S, Ahlstedt I, Leke R, Karlsson D, González-King H, Löfgren L, Nilsson R, Pellegrini G, Kono N, Aoki J, Hess S, Sienski G, Pilon M, Bohlooly-Y M, Maresca M, Peng XR. TLCD1 and TLCD2 regulate cellular phosphatidylethanolamine composition and promote the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6020. [PMID: 36241646 PMCID: PMC9568529 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) determines cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, our understanding of how cells regulate PE composition is limited. Here, we identify a genetic locus on mouse chromosome 11, containing two poorly characterized genes Tlcd1 and Tlcd2, that strongly influences PE composition. We generated Tlcd1/2 double-knockout (DKO) mice and found that they have reduced levels of hepatic monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-containing PE species. Mechanistically, TLCD1/2 proteins act cell intrinsically to promote the incorporation of MUFAs into PEs. Furthermore, TLCD1/2 interact with the mitochondria in an evolutionarily conserved manner and regulate mitochondrial PE composition. Lastly, we demonstrate the biological relevance of our findings in dietary models of metabolic disease, where Tlcd1/2 DKO mice display attenuated development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared to controls. Overall, we identify TLCD1/2 proteins as key regulators of cellular PE composition, with our findings having broad implications in understanding and treating disease. The regulation of cellular phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) acyl chain composition is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that TLCD1 and TLCD2 proteins mediate the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid-containing PE species and promote the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasparas Petkevicius
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Palmgren
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew S Glover
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Ahnmark
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne-Christine Andréasson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-LEAP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erik L Allman
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Delaney Kaper
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Uhrbom
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Andersson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Aasehaug
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Forsström
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simonetta Wallin
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingela Ahlstedt
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Renata Leke
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Karlsson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hernán González-King
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Löfgren
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralf Nilsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-LEAP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonja Hess
- Dynamic Omics, Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Grzegorz Sienski
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Pilon
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Marcello Maresca
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Rong Peng
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Changes in plasma fatty acids profile in hyperketonemic ewes during early lactation: a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17017. [PMID: 36220846 PMCID: PMC9553884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from late pregnancy to early lactation is characterized by marked changes in energy balance of dairy ruminants. The mobilization of adipose tissue led to an increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). The aim of this study was to analyze the total plasma fatty acids of healthy and hyperketonemic dairy ewes in early lactation through gas chromatography (GC) to evaluate metabolic alterations. An observational study was used with a cross-sectional experimental design. Forty-six Sarda dairy ewes were enrolled in the immediate post-partum (7 ± 3 days in milk) and divided into two groups according to serum BHB concentration: non-hyperketonemic group (n = 28; BHB < 0.86 mmol/L) and hyperketonemic group (n = 18; BHB ≥ 0.86 mmol/L). A two-way ANOVA included the effect of group and parity was used to evaluate differences in fatty acids (FA) concentrations. A total of 34 plasma FA was assessed using GC. 12 out of 34 FA showed a significant different between groups and 3 out of 34 were tended to significance. Only NEFA concentration and stearic acid were influenced by parity. The results may suggest possible links with lipid metabolism, inflammatory and immune responses in hyperketonemic group. In conclusion, GC represents a useful tool in the study of hyperketonemia and primiparous dairy ewes might show a greater risk to develop this condition.
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20
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Kra G, Daddam JR, Moallem U, Kamer H, Kočvarová R, Nemirovski A, Contreras GA, Tam J, Zachut M. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on components of the endocannabinoid system and metabolic and inflammatory responses in adipose and liver of peripartum dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:114. [PMID: 36183098 PMCID: PMC9526899 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) by decreasing the availability of arachidonic acid, thus lowering endocannabinoids (eCBs) levels. The ECS is a modulator of energy metabolism, stress response and inflammation in mammals, yet there is little information on the roles of the ECS in transition dairy cows. During the periparturient period, the adipose tissue and liver are the main metabolic organs that participate in the adaptations of dairy cows to onset of lactation; however, exceeded adipose tissue lipolysis and accumulation of lipids in the liver have adverse effects on cows’ physiology. Here we aimed to examine whether omega-3 supplementation during the transition period will modulate ECS activation and affect metabolic and inflammatory indices in postpartum dairy cows, by supplementing twenty-eight transition Holstein dairy cows with either saturated fat (CTL) or encapsulated flaxseed oil (FLX). Components of the ECS, metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured in blood, liver, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results FLX supplementation reduced feed intake by 8.1% (P < 0.01) and reduced plasma levels of arachidonic acid (by 44.2%; P = 0.02) and anandamide (by 49.7%; P = 0.03) postpartum compared to CTL. The mRNA transcription levels of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1/CB1) tended to be lower (2.5 folds) in white blood cells of FLX than in CTL (P = 0.10), and protein abundance of ECS enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase was higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of FLX than in CTL (P = 0.04). In adipose tissue, palmitoylethanolamide levels were lower in FLX than in CTL (by 61.5%; P = 0.02), relative mRNA transcription of lipogenic genes were higher, and the protein abundance of cannabinoid receptor 2 (P = 0.08) and monoacylglycerol lipase (P = 0.10) tended to be higher in FLX compared to CTL. Hepatic 2-arachidonoylglycerol tended to be higher (by 73.1%; P = 0.07), and interlukin-6 mRNA transcription level was 1.5 folds lower in liver of FLX than in CTL (P = 0.03). Conclusions Nutritional supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids seems to partly modulate ECS activation, which could be related to lower feed intake. The altered ECS components in blood, adipose tissue and liver are associated with moderate modulations in lipid metabolism in the adipose and inflammation in liver of peripartum dairy cows. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00761-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitit Kra
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.,Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hadar Kamer
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Radka Kočvarová
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Zachut
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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21
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Association between inflammatory potential of diet and markers of malnutrition in haemodialysis patients. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1820-1826. [PMID: 35942864 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and a comprehensive profile of malnutrition in Iranian haemodialysis (HD) patients. In this cross-sectional study, 291 participants on HD for at least 6 months before enrollment were included. The current dietary intakes of participants were assessed using a 4-d diet diary-assisted recall, including 2 non-dialysis days and 2 dialysis days to calculate E-DII. To determine the malnutrition status of HD patients, BMI, subjective global assessment (SGA), dialysis malnutrition score (DMS) and malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) were used. Overall, 291 HD patients comprised our study population. After controlling for potential confounders, E-DII was associated with a higher risk of malnutrition, as evidenced by SGA (OR = 2·23; 95 % CI: 1·11, 4·49), DMS (OR = 2·31; 95 % CI: 1·16, 4·60) and MIS (OR = 2·50; 95 % CI: 1·28, 4·88). No significant association was detected between E-DII and BMI either before (OR = 1·78; 95 % CI: 0·83, 3·81) or after adjustment for possible confounders (OR = 1·43; 95 % CI: 0·58, 3·54). This study showed that E-DII was significantly associated with reliable malnutrition markers including SGA, DMS and MIS in HD patients. However, further longitudinal studies are warranted to infer a cause-and-effect relationship between DII and malnutrition.
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22
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Ciampi F, Gandy J, Ciliberti MG, Sevi A, Albenzio M, Santillo A. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) By-Product Extract Influences the Oxylipids Profile in Primary Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in a Model of Oxidative Stress. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.837279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic metabolism produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a natural by-product that can play a significant role in cell signaling and homeostasis. Excessive and uncontrolled production of ROS, however, can lead to oxidative stress that causes damage to immune cells and is related to several diseases in dairy cattle. Endothelial cells are essential for optimal immune and inflammatory responses but are especially sensitive to the damaging effects of ROS. Accordingly, investigating antioxidant strategies that can mitigate the detrimental impact of ROS on endothelial functions could impact compromised host defenses that lead to increased disease susceptibility. The objective of this study was to test the antioxidant effect of different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 μg/ml) of pomegranate by-product extract (PBE) on bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). A model of oxidative stress was developed using in vitro exposure of BAEC to 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) to induce the formation of ROS. The BAEC were then analyzed for cell viability, ROS production, fatty acids profile, and oxylipids formation. The BAECs viability did not change after different concentrations of PBE and remained up to 80% over control; whereas, intracellular ROS showed a reduction passing from 20 to 50% with increasing PBE concentration from 20 to 80 μg/ml, respectively. The PBE extract clearly demonstrated efficacy in reducing the concentrations of pro-inflammatory oxylipids with a concomitant enhancement of anti-inflammatory oxylipids. In particular, the pro-inflammatory 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and its derived anti-inflammatory 13-hydroperoxoctadecaienoic acid were found lower and higher, respectively, in PBE+AAPH treated cells than AAPH treatment. Data from the present study support in vivo future experimental use of pomegranate by-product extract to study its potential beneficial effect against oxidative stress conditions in dairy cattle.
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23
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Liu X, Xiao K, Zhang A, Zhu W, Zhang H, Tan F, Huang Q, Wu X, Zha D. Metabolomic Analysis, Combined with Enzymatic and Transcriptome Assays, to Reveal the Browning Resistance Mechanism of Fresh-Cut Eggplant. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081174. [PMID: 35454761 PMCID: PMC9031582 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Browning has been the primary limitation in eggplant processing. This study investigates the molecular mechanism underlying fresh-cut eggplant fruit browning by observing the physicochemical characteristics of browning-resistant (‘F’) and browning-sensitive (‘36′) eggplant cultivars. Browning-related enzyme activity and gene expression (PPO, LOX, and PLD) were significantly higher in the ‘36′ eggplant, thereby enhancing the degree of browning, compared to the ‘F’ eggplant. The MDA content and O2− production rate progressively increased as browning increased, while the antioxidant capacity of the fruit decreased. The cutting injury significantly activated the expression of PAL, thereby inducing the accumulation of phenolic acids, while the PPO gene was significantly upregulated, which activated the activity of polyphenol oxidase. Our results showed that the oxidation of chlorogenic acids to chlorogenic quinones resulted in the occurrence of browning, which suggests chlorogenic acid as the main browning substrate in fresh-cut eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.X.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (F.T.); (Q.H.); (D.Z.)
- College of Food Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.X.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (F.T.); (Q.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Aidong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.X.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (F.T.); (Q.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.X.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (F.T.); (Q.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.X.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (F.T.); (Q.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Feng Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.X.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (F.T.); (Q.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Qianru Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.X.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (F.T.); (Q.H.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xuexia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.X.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (F.T.); (Q.H.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-37195817
| | - Dingshi Zha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.L.); (K.X.); (A.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.Z.); (F.T.); (Q.H.); (D.Z.)
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24
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Li F, Yu R, Sun X, Chen X, Xu P, Huang Y, Huang S, Xue Y, Fu T, Liu J, Li Z. Autonomic nervous system receptor-mediated regulation of mast cell degranulation modulates the inflammation after corneal epithelial abrasion. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109065. [PMID: 35421396 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) regulate wound healing and are influenced by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, the underlying mechanisms affecting wound healing outcomes remain elusive. Here, we explored the specific role of the ANS by regulating MC degranulation following corneal epithelium abrasion. A mouse model of corneal abrasion was established by mechanically removing a 2-mm central epithelium. Wound closure, neutrophil infiltration, and transcription of injured corneas were investigated using whole-mount immunostaining, flow cytometry, and RNA-sequencing analysis, respectively. Inhibition of MC degranulation by the MC stabilizers cromolyn sodium and lodoxamide tromethamine increased the infiltration of neutrophils and delayed healing of abraded corneas. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling analysis showed that purified MCs from the limbus expressed adrenergic and cholinergic receptors. Pharmacological manipulation and sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine confirmed that sympathetic nervous system signaling inhibited MC degranulation after corneal abrasion, whereas parasympathetic nervous system signaling enhanced MC degranulation. We conclude that normal degranulation of MCs in the corneal limbus and crosstalk between the ANS and MCs are crucial for the appropriate control of inflammation and the repair progress of wounded corneas. This suggests a potential approach for improving defective corneal wound healing by the administration of clinically available autonomic activity-modulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanying Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxun Yu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyang Xu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Huang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuoya Huang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Rocchetti G, Vitali M, Zappaterra M, Righetti L, Sirri R, Lucini L, Dall’Asta C, Davoli R, Galaverna G. A molecular insight into the lipid changes of pig Longissimus thoracis muscle following dietary supplementation with functional ingredients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264953. [PMID: 35324931 PMCID: PMC8947141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the Longissimus thoracis pig skeletal muscle was used as a model to investigate the impact of two different diets, supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from extruded linseed (L) and polyphenols from grape skin and oregano extracts (L+P), on the lipidomic profile of meat. A standard diet for growing-finishing pigs (CTRL) was used as a control. Changes in lipids profile were investigated through an untargeted lipidomics and transcriptomics combined investigation. The lipidomics identified 1507 compounds, with 195 compounds fitting with the MS/MS spectra of LipidBlast database. When compared with the CTRL group, the L+P diet significantly increased 15 glycerophospholipids and 8 sphingolipids, while the L diet determined a marked up-accumulation of glycerolipids. According to the correlations outlined between discriminant lipids and genes, the L diet may act preventing adipogenesis and the related inflammation processes, while the L+P diet promoted the expression of genes involved in lipids' biosynthesis and adipogenic extracellular matrix formation and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marika Vitali
- Interdepartmental centre for Industrial Agrifood research (CIRI-AGRO)—Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Rubina Sirri
- Interdepartmental centre for Industrial Agrifood research (CIRI-AGRO)—Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Interdepartmental centre for Industrial Agrifood research (CIRI-AGRO)—Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
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26
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Ulu A, Velazquez JV, Burr A, Sveiven SN, Yang J, Bravo C, Hammock BD, Nordgren TM. Sex-Specific Differences in Resolution of Airway Inflammation in Fat-1 Transgenic Mice Following Repetitive Agricultural Dust Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785193. [PMID: 35095496 PMCID: PMC8793679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In agriculture industries, workers are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases due to inhalation of agricultural dusts, particularly when working in enclosed confinement facilities. Agricultural dusts inhalation leads to unresolved airway inflammation that precedes the development and progression of lung disease. We have previously shown beneficial effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) DHA in protecting against the negative inflammatory effects of repetitive dust exposure in the lung. Dietary manipulation of pulmonary disease risk is an attractive and timely approach given the contribution of an increased ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio to low grade inflammation and chronic disease in the Western diet. To prevent any confounding factors that comes with dietary supplementation of ω-3 PUFA (different sources, purity, dose, and duration), we employed a Fat-1 transgenic mouse model that convert ω-6 PUFA to ω-3 PUFA, leading to a tissue ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio of approximately 1:1. Building on our initial findings, we hypothesized that attaining elevated tissue levels of ω-3 PUFA would attenuate agricultural dust-induced lung inflammation and its resolution. To test this hypothesis, we compared wild-type (WT) and Fat-1 transgenic mice in their response to aqueous extracts of agricultural dust (DE). We also used a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEH) to potentiate the effects of ω-3 PUFA, since sEH inhibitors have been shown to stabilize the anti-inflammatory P450 metabolites derived from both ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA and promote generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators from ω-3 PUFA. Over a three-week period, mice were exposed to a total of 15 intranasal instillations of DE obtained from swine confinement buildings in the Midwest. We observed genotype and sex-specific differences between the WT vs. Fat-1 transgenic mice in response to repetitive dust exposure, where three-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of treatment, genotype, and sex. Also, Fat-1 transgenic mice displayed reduced lymphoid aggregates in the lung following DE exposure as compared to WT animals exposed to DE, suggesting improved resilience to the DE-induced inflammatory effects. Overall, our data implicate a protective role of ω-3 FA in the lung following repetitive dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jalene V Velazquez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Stefanie N Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carissa Bravo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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27
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Lisuzzo A, Bonelli F, Sgorbini M, Nocera I, Cento G, Mazzotta E, Turini L, Martini M, Salari F, Morgante M, Badon T, Fiore E. Differences of the Plasma Total Lipid Fraction from Pre-Foaling to Post-Foaling Period in Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030304. [PMID: 35158628 PMCID: PMC8833319 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An association between increased metabolic demands and reduced dry matter intake is observed from late gestation to early lactation in donkeys. Furthermore, little is known about the nutritional and energy requirements of this period in animals. Changes in energy metabolism make donkeys more susceptible to metabolic diseases such as hyperlipemia, which is characterized by the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. A better knowledge of this period could improve animal husbandry, well-being, and health. The aim of this study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction, to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling to post-foaling periods, using the gas chromatography technique. Our findings reveal a greater risk of metabolic disease in late gestation to early lactation in donkeys. Abstract The period from late gestation to early lactation is characterized by changes in energy metabolism. The aim of the current study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction using gas chromatography (GC) analysis, in order to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling to post-foaling periods. Eleven pluriparous dairy jennies (mean age of 11.88 ± 3.79 years) belonging to the Amiata donkey breed were enrolled. Blood sampling was performed at 15 days before foaling (T0), and 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), and 90 (T4) days after foaling, for biochemical and GC analysis. A total of 37 fatty acids were identified in plasma samples: 4 medium chain (MCFA), 24 long chain (LCFA), and 9 very-long chain (VLCFA) fatty acids. Among them, 20 fatty acids changed significantly, and two fatty acid showed a trend toward significance. Furthermore, the LCFA, saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids changed significantly during the study period. The main alterations were between T0 and the other time points and appeared to be related to lipid metabolism, cellular structure and function, and inflammatory and immune responses. Our findings reveal greater energy requirements at the end of gestation compared to early lactation in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Francesca Bonelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Irene Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Giulia Cento
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Elisa Mazzotta
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Luca Turini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Mina Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (I.N.); (L.T.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Tamara Badon
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Panda C, Varadharaj S, Voruganti VS. PUFA, genotypes and risk for cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 176:102377. [PMID: 34915303 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long chain fatty acids that are characterized by the presence of more than one double bond. These include fatty acids such as ꞷ-3-α-linolenic acid (ALA) and ꞷ-6 -linoleic acid (LA) which can only be obtained from dietary sources and are therefore termed essential fatty acids. They contain the building blocks for dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid in the ꞷ-6 family as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the ꞷ-3 family. Both ALA and LA are important constituents of animal and plant cell membranes and are important components of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory hormones and therefore, often modulate cellular immunity under chronic inflammatory states. The variation in physiological PUFA levels is under significant genetic influence, the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes being key regulators of PUFA metabolism. These genetic variants have been shown to alter fatty acid metabolism and influence the onset and progression of various metabolic conditions. This detailed review discusses the role of PUFAs, diet and genotypes in risk for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Panda
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Standard Process Inc, United States
| | | | - Venkata Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
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Changes in the Spectrum of Free Fatty Acids in Blood Serum of Dairy Cows during a Prolonged Summer Heat Wave. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123391. [PMID: 34944168 PMCID: PMC8698168 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress leads to poor welfare, decreased productivity, and poor product quality. It is known that the content of fatty acids in the blood can reflect the physiological state of the body under normal and pathological conditions. They can be biomarkers for the state of biomembranes associated with inflammation and indicate the state of energy imbalance during chronic heat stress. They perform various functions in the body; therefore, the determination of the spectrum of free fatty acids can be used as biomarkers of these processes. The changes in the spectrum of free fatty acids in the blood serum of dairy cows revealed in our study will make it possible to better understand the physiological state of the organism and possibly indicate ways to maintain the health and milk productivity of animals under conditions of prolonged hyperthermia. Abstract This experiment was conducted to study the effect of a prolonged hot period on the fatty acid (FA) composition in blood serum of dairy cows. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to the hyperthermia group (HYP, n = 8) in August (summer season) and the control group (CON, n = 10) in October (autumn season). Blood from animals of the HYP group was collected in one heat wave, which was preceded by a long period of heat stress (HS, temperature-humidity index (THI ≥ 72)). Blood from cows of the CON group was collected under thermal comfort conditions (THI < 68). The spectrum of free fatty acids (FFA) in the blood serum was analyzed by gas chromatography. The concentration of FFA increased, including saturated FAs and monounsaturated FAs, in the blood serum of cows under conditions of prolonged HS. This was associated with the mobilization of FA into the bloodstream from adipose tissue, as a consequence of negative energy balance. An increase in the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FAs may indicate biomembrane dysfunction and adversely affect dairy cows. This study showed that prolonged periods of heat can affect the FA composition of blood. How much this leads to changes in the FA composition of milk and the quality of food products remains to be seen in further research.
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Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols Profiles from Sicilian (Cold Pressed vs. Soxhlet) Grape Seed Oils. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132313038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the Sicilian economic productive sectors, that of wine production has today a considerable economic value. However, with the growth of this sector, notable was the increase in the production of waste, which to date is not only an economic damage for companies, but also a threat to the environment. It is known that waste from wine production has properties (e.g., antioxidants) which have potential reuse at cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutritional levels to obtain economically sustainable applications. A new goal is given by the recovery of added value compounds from agri-food wastes and by-products. Grape seed oil is a promising vegetable fat and cold pressing does not involve the use of chemicals, which are harmful to health. It implies that cold-pressed seed oils may contain phytochemicals, as well as natural antioxidants, more than refined oils. In this context, this works aims at studying the chemical characterization (triglycerides profile and composition in fatty acids) of grape seed oils obtained from Soxhlet and cold pressed extraction from Sicilian red grape seeds and white grape seeds. The possibility of obtaining high yields of triglycerides and fatty acids from the waste of wine production through new extraction methods would open up new perspectives for the reuse of waste in a human and animal food context. The results of this work allow the opening up of new perspectives to reuse and then reduce these wastes, helping not only to reduce the damage to the environment and costs for companies but also to create a new product that is environmentally sustainable and with an important economic value.
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Brain K, Burrows TL, Bruggink L, Malfliet A, Hayes C, Hodson FJ, Collins CE. Diet and Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: The State of the Art and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5203. [PMID: 34768723 PMCID: PMC8584994 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in pain management. Healthy eating patterns are associated with reduced systemic inflammation, as well as lower risk and severity of chronic non-cancer pain and associated comorbidities. The role of nutrition in chronic non-cancer pain management is an emerging field with increasing interest from clinicians and patients. Evidence from a number of recent systematic reviews shows that optimising diet quality and incorporating foods containing anti-inflammatory nutrients such as fruits, vegetables, long chain and monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and fibre leads to reduction in pain severity and interference. This review describes the current state of the art and highlights why nutrition is critical within a person-centred approach to pain management. Recommendations are made to guide clinicians and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Brain
- School of Health Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.B.); (T.L.B.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Integrated Pain Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (L.B.); (C.H.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Tracy L. Burrows
- School of Health Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.B.); (T.L.B.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Laura Bruggink
- Hunter Integrated Pain Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (L.B.); (C.H.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Anneleen Malfliet
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Hayes
- Hunter Integrated Pain Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (L.B.); (C.H.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Fiona J. Hodson
- Hunter Integrated Pain Service, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; (L.B.); (C.H.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Clare E. Collins
- School of Health Science, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (K.B.); (T.L.B.)
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Yang C, Shang K, Lin C, Wang C, Shi X, Wang H, Li H. Processing technologies, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of grape seed oil (GSO): A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yan L, Gu MQ, Yang ZY, Xia J, Li P, Vasar E, Tian L, Song C. Endogenous n-3 PUFAs attenuated olfactory bulbectomy-induced behavioral and metabolomic abnormalities in Fat-1 mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:143-153. [PMID: 34052364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, and omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can effectively treat depression. However, mechanism of lipid metabolism involved in the depressive attenuation remains poorly understood. Olfactory bulbectomy (OB)-induced changes in animal behavior and physiological functions are similar to those observed in depressed patients. Therefore, the present study used wild type (WT) and Fat-1 mice with or without OB to explore whether endogenous n-3 PUFA treatment of depression was through rectifying lipid metabolism, and to discover the possible lipid metabolic pathways. In WT mice, OB enhanced locomotor activity associated with up-regulation of lipid metabolites in the serum, such as phosphatidylcholines, L-a-glutamyl-L-Lysine and coproporphyrinogen III (Cop), which were involved in anti-inflammatory lipid metabolic pathways. OB also increased microglia activation marker CD11b and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. In one of the lipid pathways, increased Cop was significantly correlated with the hyper-activity of the OB mice. These OB-induced changes were markedly attenuated by endogenous n-3 PUFAs in Fat-1 mice. Additionally, increased expressions of anti-inflammatory lipid genes, such as fatty acid desaturase (Fads) and phospholipase A2 group VI (Pla2g6), were found in the hippocampus of Fat-1 mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, Cop administration increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in a microglial cell line BV2. In conclusion, endogenous n-3 PUFAs in Fat-1 mice attenuated abnormal behavior in the depression model through restoration of lipid metabolism and suppression of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Min-Qing Gu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-You Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China.
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Kra G, Nemes-Navon N, Daddam JR, Livshits L, Jacoby S, Levin Y, Zachut M, Moallem U. Proteomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and inflammatory status in postpartum dairy cows supplemented with different sources of omega-3 fatty acids. J Proteomics 2021; 246:104313. [PMID: 34216809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on the proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in transition dairy cows. Forty-two dry cows were divided into three groups supplemented with: saturated fat (CTL); flaxseed oil (FLX); or fish oil (FO). PBMC were collected from five cows per group at week 1 postpartum for proteomic analysis. The n-3 fatty acid content in plasma and PBMC was higher in FLX and FO than in CTL cows. In PBMC, 3807 proteins were quantified and 44, 42 and 65 were differently abundant in FLX vs. CTL, FO vs. CTL and FLX vs. FO, respectively. In FLX vs. CTL, the abundance of the p65-subunit-of-transcription-factor NF-κB was higher, whereas albumin, C4b-binding protein and complement factor H levels were lower. In FLX vs. FO, complement factors B and H and hemopexin were higher. The top canonical pathway enriched in FLX compared to other groups was acute-phase-response signaling. The percentage of CD25+ blood cells was lower in FLX and FO at 1 week postpartum, and gene expression of NF-κB in white blood cells was lower in FLX than in CTL. Dietary sources of n-3 fatty acids differentially affected the proteome of PBMC, possibly altering the inflammatory status. SIGNIFICANCE: The transition dairy cow experiences a variable degree of systemic subacute inflammation, and proteomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) may contribute to obtain insight into this process. Omega-3 fatty acids can moderate the immunological effect, and therefore we examined the effects of these fatty acids from flaxseed (FLX) or fish oils (FO) on the proteome of PBMC at week 1 postpartum. More than 3800 proteins were quantified, and in cows supplemented with FLX, enrichment of the acute-phase-signaling and complement systems were apparent in the PBMC compared to CTL and FO PBMC. This information may be useful to further explore the mechanism by which dietary omega-3 fatty acids affect the immune system in postpartum dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitit Kra
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel; Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nataly Nemes-Navon
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel; Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel
| | - Lilya Livshits
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel
| | - Shamay Jacoby
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya Zachut
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel.
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Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Bovine Immunology: Implications for Dairy Cattle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643206. [PMID: 34267745 PMCID: PMC8276037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing world population (7.8 billion) exerts an increased pressure on the cattle industry amongst others. Intensification and expansion of milk and beef production inevitably leads to increased risk of infectious disease spread and exacerbation. This indicates that improved understanding of cattle immune function is needed to provide optimal tools to combat the existing and future pathogens and improve food security. While dairy and beef cattle production is easily the world's most important agricultural industry, there are few current comprehensive reviews of bovine immunobiology. High-yielding dairy cattle and their calves are more vulnerable to various diseases leading to shorter life expectancy and reduced environmental fitness. In this manuscript, we seek to fill this paucity of knowledge and provide an up-to-date overview of immune function in cattle emphasizing the unresolved challenges and most urgent needs in rearing dairy calves. We will also discuss how the combination of available preventative and treatment strategies and herd management practices can maintain optimal health in dairy cows during the transition (periparturient) period and in neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Lawrence GD. Perspective: The Saturated Fat-Unsaturated Oil Dilemma: Relations of Dietary Fatty Acids and Serum Cholesterol, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:647-656. [PMID: 33693484 PMCID: PMC8166560 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PUFAs are known to regulate cholesterol synthesis and cellular uptake by multiple mechanisms that do not involve SFAs. Polymorphisms in any of the numerous proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis, as a result of genetic variation, could lead to higher or lower serum cholesterol. PUFAs are susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cancer, and disorders associated with inflammation, such as insulin resistance, arthritis, and numerous inflammatory syndromes. Eicosanoids from arachidonic acid are among the most powerful mediators that initiate an immune response, and a wide range of PUFA metabolites regulate numerous physiological processes. There is a misconception that dietary SFAs can cause inflammation, although endogenous palmitic acid is converted to ceramides and other cell constituents involved in an inflammatory response after it is initiated by lipid mediators derived from PUFAs. This article will discuss the many misconceptions regarding how dietary lipids regulate serum cholesterol, the fact that all-cause death rate is higher in humans with low compared with normal or moderately elevated serum total cholesterol, the numerous adverse effects of increasing dietary PUFAs or carbohydrate relative to SFAs, as well as metabolic conversion of PUFAs to SFAs and MUFAs as a protective mechanism. Consequently, dietary saturated fats seem to be less harmful than the proposed alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen D Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Fiore E, Lisuzzo A, Tessari R, Spissu N, Moscati L, Morgante M, Gianesella M, Badon T, Mazzotta E, Berlanda M, Contiero B, Fiore F. Milk Fatty Acids Composition Changes According to β-Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations in Ewes during Early Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051371. [PMID: 34065915 PMCID: PMC8150806 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ketosis can occur during the last six weeks of gestation and continue to the early weeks of lactation due to an increase in energy requirement. This condition can cause substantial economic issues because of the decrease in production, the cost of medical management, the loss of the mothers and the lambs. A better knowledge of this disorder and its early diagnosis could make treatment more effective and optimize productivity. The aims of this study were to understand the metabolic status of the early-lactating ewes and to identify biomarkers for precocious diagnosis of subclinical ketosis using gas chromatographic technique. Different relationships were found between milk fatty acids and metabolic status of the ewes. Furthermore, 8 potential biomarkers were determined. Abstract Ketosis is a metabolic disease of pregnant and lactating ewes linked to a negative energy balance which can cause different economic losses. The aims of this study were to understand the metabolic status of the early-lactating ewes and to identify biomarkers for early diagnosis of subclinical ketosis. Forty-six Sarda ewes were selected in the immediate post-partum for the collection of the biological samples. A blood sample from the jugular vein was used to determine β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations. Animals were divided into two groups: BHB 0 or healthy group (n = 28) with BHB concentration < 0.86 mmol/L; and BHB 1 or subclinical ketosis (n = 18) with a BHB concentration ≥ 0.86 mmol/L. Ten mL of pool milk were collected at the morning milking for the analyses. The concentration of 34 milk fatty acids was evaluated using gas chromatography. Two biochemical parameters and 11 milk fatty acids of the total lipid fraction presented a p-value ≤ 0.05. The study revealed different relationships with tricarboxylic acid cycle, blood flows, immune and nervous systems, cell functions, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress status. Eight parameters were significant for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with an area under the curve greater than 0.70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasia Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Rossella Tessari
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Nicoletta Spissu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (N.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Livia Moscati
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Matteo Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Tamara Badon
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Elisa Mazzotta
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Michele Berlanda
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.L.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (M.G.); (T.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Filippo Fiore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (N.S.); (F.F.)
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38
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Allam VSRR, Chellappan DK, Jha NK, Shastri MD, Gupta G, Shukla SD, Singh SK, Sunkara K, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Wich PR, MacLoughlin R, Oliver BGG, Wernersson S, Pejler G, Dua K. Treatment of chronic airway diseases using nutraceuticals: Mechanistic insight. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7576-7590. [PMID: 33977840 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, both acute and chronic, are reported to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of people globally, leading to high socio-economic burden for the society in the recent decades. Chronic inflammation and decline in lung function are the common symptoms of respiratory diseases. The current treatment strategies revolve around using appropriate anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. A range of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators are currently available in the market; however, the usage of such medications is limited due to the potential for various adverse effects. To cope with this issue, researchers have been exploring various novel, alternative therapeutic strategies that are safe and effective to treat respiratory diseases. Several studies have been reported on the possible links between food and food-derived products in combating various chronic inflammatory diseases. Nutraceuticals are examples of such food-derived products which are gaining much interest in terms of its usage for the well-being and better human health. As a consequence, intensive research is currently aimed at identifying novel nutraceuticals, and there is an emerging notion that nutraceuticals can have a positive impact in various respiratory diseases. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of nutraceuticals in altering the various cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mitigating the symptoms of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Sita Rama Raju Allam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhur D Shastri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sachin K Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Krishna Sunkara
- Emergency Clinical Management, Intensive Care Unit, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter R Wich
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sara Wernersson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Basson AR, Ahmed S, Almutairi R, Seo B, Cominelli F. Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Soybean and Soy-Derived Compounds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040774. [PMID: 33916612 PMCID: PMC8066255 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, particularly diet, are considered central to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In particular, the Westernization of diet, characterized by high intake of animal protein, saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates, has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of IBD. During the last decade, soybean, as well as soy-derived bioactive compounds (e.g., isoflavones, phytosterols, Bowman-Birk inhibitors) have been increasingly investigated because of their anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of IBD. Herein we provide a scoping review of the most studied disease mechanisms associated with disease induction and progression in IBD rodent models after feeding of either the whole food or a bioactive present in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Raffner Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saleh Ahmed
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Rawan Almutairi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Brian Seo
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
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40
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Choi GM, Lee B, Hong R, Park SY, Cho DE, Yeom M, Park HJ, Bae H, Hahm DH. Bee venom phospholipase A2 alleviates collagen-induced polyarthritis by inducing Foxp3 + regulatory T cell polarization in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3511. [PMID: 33568685 PMCID: PMC7876016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying bee venom (BV) therapy is still controversial, with opinions ranging from constituent-based pharmacological action to homeopathic-like activity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether BV phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2), an enzymatic component of BV, is a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic mediator capable of stimulating CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) polarization in a mouse model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An experimental model of RA was established in male DBA/1 mouse by 2-week-interval injections of 100 μg type II collagen emulsified in complete (first injection) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (second injection) at the base of the tail. During arthritis development, bvPLA2 (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) and/or Treg inhibitors such as anti-CD25 antibodies and peptide 60 (P60) were injected intraperitoneally for 5 weeks. Arthritic symptoms and the expansion of Tregs were then assessed by behavioral assessments, histological and micro-CT imaging, and flow cytometry. bvPLA2 injections significantly alleviated arthritic behaviors such as squeaking and joint swelling, consistent with changes seen on both histological and micro-CT images. The anti-arthritic effects of bvPLA2 were blocked by intraperitoneal injections of 0.25 mg/kg anti-CD25 antibody and 10 μg/kg P60, as determined by behavioral assessments. Flow cytometric analysis of dendritic cells, B cells, and major T cell subsets from spleens revealed a significant depletion of Tregs following anti-CD25 antibody, but not P60, treatment. bvPLA2 treatment exerted significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities in a mouse model of RA via the induction of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Muk Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Riwon Hong
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Auclair N, Sané AT, Delvin E, Spahis S, Levy E. Phospholipase D as a Potential Modulator of Metabolic Syndrome: Impact of Functional Foods. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:252-278. [PMID: 32586106 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) are composed of a plethora of metabolic dysfunctions such as dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and hypertension. The development of these disorders is highly linked to inflammation and oxidative stress (OxS), two metabolic states closely related to physiological and pathological conditions. Given the drastically rising CMD prevalence, the discovery of new therapeutic targets/novel nutritional approaches is of utmost importance. Recent Advances: The tremendous progress in methods/technologies and animal modeling has allowed the clarification of phospholipase D (PLD) critical roles in multiple cellular processes, whether directly or indirectly via phosphatidic acid, the lipid product mediating signaling functions. In view of its multiple features and implications in various diseases, PLD has emerged as a drug target. Critical Issues: Although insulin stimulates PLD activity and, in turn, PLD regulates insulin signaling, the impact of the two important PLD isoforms on the metabolic syndrome components remains vague. Therefore, after outlining PLD1/PLD2 characteristics and functions, their role in inflammation, OxS, and CMD has been analyzed and critically reported in the present exhaustive review. The influence of functional foods and nutrients in the regulation of PLD has also been examined. Future Directions: Available evidence supports the implication of PLD in CMD, but only few studies emphasize its mechanisms of action and specific regulation by nutraceutical compounds. Therefore, additional investigations are first needed to clarify the functional role of nutraceutics and, second, to elucidate whether targeting PLDs with food compounds represents an appropriate therapeutic strategy to treat CMD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 252-278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Auclair
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain T Sané
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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42
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Clark AR, Randall EC, Lopez BGC, Regan MS, Agar JN, Andreone BJ, Gu C, Agar NYR. Spatial Distribution of Transcytosis Relevant Phospholipids in Response to Omega-3 Dietary Deprivation. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:106-115. [PMID: 33315366 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane of brain endothelial cells is enriched in omega-3 phospholipid species. Numerous omega-3 phospholipid species were recently proposed to be important for maintaining the low rate of transcytosis and, thus, could be important for regulating one of the mechanisms of the blood brain barrier (BBB). However, the spatial distribution of these phospholipid species within the brain was previously unknown. Here, we combined advanced mass spectrometry imaging techniques to generate a map of these phospholipids in the brain at near single cell resolution. Furthermore, we explored the effects of omega-3 dietary deprivation on both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing phospholipids and the global brain phospholipid profile. We demonstrate the unique spatial distribution of individual DHA-containing phospholipids, which may be important for the regiospecific properties of the BBB. Finally, 24 diet discriminative phospholipids were identified and showed an increase in saturated phospholipid species and ceramide containing phospholipid species under omega-3 dietary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Clark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
- Chemical Biology PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Therapeutic Graduate Program, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard University and Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Randall
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
| | - Begoña G. C. Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
| | - Michael S. Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
| | - Jeffrey N. Agar
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Andreone
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
| | - Chenghua Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
| | - Nathalie Y. R. Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
- Chemical Biology PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Therapeutic Graduate Program, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard University and Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6195, United States
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43
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AlFaris NA, Alshammari GM, AlTamimi JZ, AlMousa LA, AlKehayez NM, Aljabryn DH, Alagal RI, Yahya MA. The protective effect of shrimp cooked in different methods on high-cholesterol- induced fatty liver in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:170-182. [PMID: 33424294 PMCID: PMC7783650 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of different cooking methods on fatty acid (FAs) composition of shrimp meat and the ability of these foods to protect against high cholesterol (HC) diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. Shrimp were cooked for 10 min boiled, grilled, or fried in sunflower oil. Rats (n = 6/group) were fed a normal diet (ND)or high-cholesterol diet (HC) each containing boiled, grilled or fried shrimp powder (15% w/w) (NDBS, NDFS, NDGS for ND or HCBS, HCFS, HCDGS for HC diet). Frying alone significantly reduced total levels of saturated FAs (SFA) and increased total mono- and polyunsaturated FAs (MSFA, and PUFAs, respectively) in shrimp meat. It also increased levels of n-6 PUFAs and linoleic acid (LA) and decreased levels of n-3 PUFAs including eicosapentaenoic FAs (EPA) and docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA). When fed to HC rats, only diets containing the grilled and boiled shrimp powders significantly prevented the weight loss, lowered fasting and glucose levels, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and prevented the increase in serum liver markers, ALT and AST. They also reduced hepatic fat accumulation, reduced serum levels and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs), reduced hepatic levels of MDA, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6, and increased those of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). No alterations in all these parameters were observed in HC-fed rats which fed fried shrimp. In conclusion, boiling and grilling but not frying are the best method to cook shrimp to preserve their fatty acid content and its nutritional value in ameliorating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jozaa Z AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain A AlMousa
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora M AlKehayez
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal H Aljabryn
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I Alagal
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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44
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He M, Tan CP, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine-N-oxide: A bridge between dietary fatty acid and cardiovascular disease? Food Res Int 2020; 138:109812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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45
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Armstrong M, Manke J, Nkrumah-Elie Y, Shaikh SR, Reisdorph N. Improved quantification of lipid mediators in plasma and tissues by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry demonstrates mouse strain specific differences. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 151:106483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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46
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The effects of omega-3 α-linolenic acid from flaxseed oil supplemented to high-yielding dairy cows on production, health, and fertility. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Opgenorth J, Sordillo LM, Lock AL, Gandy JC, VandeHaar MJ. Colostrum supplementation with n-3 fatty acids alters plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediators in newborn calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11676-11688. [PMID: 33041038 PMCID: PMC7544567 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calves may experience increased oxidative stress at birth through activation of metabolic and respiratory processes. Reducing oxidative stress may enhance calf viability in early life. Our objective was to determine the dose response to fish and flaxseed oil when supplemented in colostrum on concentrations of plasma fatty acid (FA), FA metabolites, and index of oxidative stress during the critical first week of life in calves to understand how supplementing n-3 FA may decrease oxidative stress. We hypothesized that n-3 FA supplemented in colostrum in a linear dose-dependent fashion would associate with increased plasma n-3 FA concentrations and decreased oxidative stress. Twenty-four male and female Holstein calves were randomly assigned to receive 0, 30, 60, or 120 mL of a 1:1 fish to flaxseed oil supplement in colostrum. All calves received 2.8 L of previously frozen colostrum (≥22% Brix) with their respective treatment within 6 h after birth. Blood was sampled before first feeding after birth and on d 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 d of age to assess oxidant status and plasma free PUFA, phospholipid FA, and oxylipid concentrations. Health indicators were observed daily. Indicators of general health and growth were unaffected by treatment. Supplemented calves exhibited greater concentrations of n-3 FA in plasma as free and phospholipid FA and some n-3 and n-6 FA-derived oxylipids in the first week of life in a linear fashion with increasing supplemental dose. Fish and flaxseed oil treatments did not alter oxidant status but overall decreased isoprostane concentrations in plasma, indicating oxidative stress was decreased. Together, these responses indicate that the fish and flaxseed oil supplement was antiinflammatory. In conclusion, supplementing colostrum with 30, 60, and 120 mL of a 1:1 mixture of fish and flaxseed oil linearly increased plasma concentrations of n-3 FA and metabolites and decreased biomarkers of oxidative stress, but did not alter oxidant status or affect health or growth. Our findings suggest neonatal calves may benefit from n-3 FA supplementation in colostrum to encourage a greater antiinflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Adam L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Jeff C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Michael J VandeHaar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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48
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Li Q, Cui K, Wu M, Xu D, Mai K, Ai Q. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Influence LPS-Induced Inflammation of Fish Macrophages Through Differential Modulation of Pathogen Recognition and p38 MAPK/NF-κB Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:559332. [PMID: 33123132 PMCID: PMC7572853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) not only serve as essential nutrients but also function as modulators of the immune response in marine fish. However, their immunomodulatory mechanism is poorly understood given that the underlying regulation of the innate immune response in fish has not been fully elucidated. Hence, study of the innate immunity of fish could help elucidate the mechanism by which PUFAs affect the fish immune response. Here, we used combined transcriptome analysis and in vitro experimentation to study the mechanism of LPS-induced inflammation. Transcriptome profiling indicated that LPS elicited strong pro-inflammatory responses featuring high expression levels of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and cytokines along with the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The transcription factor p65 alone could increase the transcription of IL1β by binding to the promoter of IL1β, and this promoting effect disappeared after mutation or deletion of its binding sites. We then examined the effects of PUFAs on the levels of gene expression and the abundance of proteins of critical kinases associated with LPS-induced inflammation. We found that LA exerts pro-inflammatory response while ALA, EPA, and DHA induced anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the expression of PRRs, phosphorylation of IKK and p38, and the nuclear translocation of p65. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which PUFAs regulate LPS-induced inflammation in a non-model fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Sumarmi S. Kerja Harmoni Zat Gizi dalam Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh Terhadap Covid-19: Mini Review. AMERTA NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v4i3.2020.250-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has been running since March 2020. Efforts to break the chain of transmission of the disease caused by the new SARS-CoV 2 coronavirus are by avoiding contact by practicing social & physical distancing and improving personal hygiene, and increase immunity or body defense against the corona virus.Purpose: This article discusses the role of macro nutrients and micronutrients that have the potential to increase immunity such as omega-3 fatty acids, several water soluble vitamins such as vitamin B6, vitamin C, as well as fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E. as well as several minerals such as Fe, Zn, Se. The mechanisms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity that involve these nutrients will be discussed in depth, as well as how the cellular mechanism fights the corona virus.Discussion: The mechanism for the entry of the corona virus into the cell is through a mechanism called endocytosis, in which the virus is captured by the receptors on the surface of the cell, then drawn into the cell. Spike protein (protein S) facilitates the entry of viruses into target cells, especially lung cells.Conclusion The body's defense mechanisms against the corona virus are: 1) strengthening the body's frontline defenses or innate immunity; 2) stimulates the production of IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in the circulation; 3) blocking the virus from binding to the ACE-2 receptor; 4) reduce the intensity of cytokine storms; 5) reduce the speed of virus replication. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia telah berjalan sejak bulan Maret 2020. Upaya untuk memutus rantai penularan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus corona jenis baru SARS-CoV 2 adalah dengan menghidari kontak dengan cara mempraktekkan social & physical distancing dan meningkatkan kebersihan diri, serta meningkatkan imunitas atau pertahanan tubuh terhadap virus corona. Tujuan: Artikel ini membahas peran zat gizi makro dan zat gizi mikro yang berpotensi untuk meningkatkan imunitas seperti asam lemak omega-3, beberapa vitamin larut air seperti vitamin B6, vitamin C, juga vitamin larut lemak seperti vitamin A, vitamin D dan vitamin E, serta beberapa mineral seperti Fe, Zn, Se. Mekanisme innate immunity dan adaptive immunity yang melibatkan zat gizi tersebut akan dibahas secara mendalam, serta bagaimana mekanisme selular melawan virus corona. Ulasan: Mekanisme masuknya virus corona ke dalam sel adalah melalui mekanisme yang disebut endositosis, yaitu virus ditangkap oleh reseptor yang terdapat di permukaan sel, kemudian ditarik masuk ke dalam sel. Spike protein (protein S) bertugas memfasilitasi masuknya virus ke dalam sel target, terutama sel paru.Kesimpulan Mekanisme pertahanan tubuh melawan virus corona adalah: 1) menguatkan pertahanan tubuh garis depan atau innate immunity; 2) menstimulasi produksi immunoglobulin IgM dan IgG di dalam sirkulasi; 3) memblokir agar virus tidak terikat oleh receptor ACE-2; 4) menurunkan intensitas badai sitokin; 5) menurunkan kecepatan replikasi virus.
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Grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil: A Functional Food from the Winemaking Industry. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101360. [PMID: 32992712 PMCID: PMC7599587 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine production is an ancient human activity that generates several by-products, which include some constituents known for their potential in health care and for their role in the food or cosmetic industries. Any variety of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds available from their juice or solid parts. Grape seed extract has demonstrated many activities in disease prevention, such as antioxidant effects, which make it a potential source of nutraceuticals. Grape seed is a remarkable winery industry by-product due to the bioactivity of its constituents. Methods for recovery of oil from grape seeds have evolved to improve both the quantity and quality of the yield. Both the lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals present in the oil of V. vinifera L. make this wine by-product a source of natural nutraceuticals. Food and non-food industries are becoming novel targets of oil obtained from grape seeds given its various properties. This review focuses on the advantages of grape seed oil intake in our diet regarding its chemical composition in industries not related to wine production and the economic and environmental impact of oil production.
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