1
|
Stoica VC, Apostol D, Diculescu MM, Gârdan IP, Gârdan DA, Mărunțelu I, Constantinescu I. Time for micro-RNAs in steatotic liver disease: a case-control study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1349524. [PMID: 38549763 PMCID: PMC10972903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1349524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges of modern-day living is to resist the temptation of overfeeding and sedentariness and maintain a healthy body and mind. On a favorable genetic and epigenetic background, a high-fat diet combined with lack of physical exercise constitutes the foundation for severe metabolic disturbances including steatotic liver disease. In our case-control study, we had the aim of establishing the role of selected micro-RNAs-miR-122, miR-192, miR-33a, and miR-33b-as superior biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of steatotic liver in a 36-patient cohort compared to 12 healthy controls. Initial results confirmed the decline in miR-122 expression as fatty liver is progressing. However, combinations of ΔmiRs, such as ΔmiR33a_192, ΔmiR33a_122, and ΔmiR33b_122, correlate with ultrasound steatosis grade (R 2 = 0.78) while others such as ΔmiR33b_122 provide a high specificity and sensitivity in fatty liver disease with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85. Compared to classical biomarkers, micro-RNAs can be used for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes as their diminished expression in severe cases of steatosis is associated with higher risk of emerging hepatocellular carcinoma. Manipulating micro-RNAs through agomirs or antagomirs can be the answer to the yet unsolved problem of efficient therapy in MAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Constantin Stoica
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dimitri Apostol
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Mircea Diculescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy”, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Ion Mărunțelu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu B, Wu H, Li KS, Eisa-Beygi S, Singh B, Bielenberg DR, Huang W, Chen H. Two sides of the same coin: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107249. [PMID: 38070759 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis remain high, which is primarily due to widespread adoption of a western diet and sedentary lifestyle. NAFLD, together with advanced forms of this disease such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, are closely associated with atherosclerotic-cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this review, we discussed the association between NAFLD and atherosclerosis and expounded on the common molecular biomarkers underpinning the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we have summarized the mode of function and potential clinical utility of existing drugs in the context of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn S Li
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Bandana Singh
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Diane R Bielenberg
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li YJ, Baumert BO, Stratakis N, Goodrich JA, Wu HT, He JX, Zhao YQ, Aung MT, Wang HX, Eckel SP, Walker DI, Valvi D, La Merrill MA, Ryder JR, Inge TH, Jenkins T, Sisley S, Kohli R, Xanthakos SA, Baccarelli AA, McConnell R, Conti DV, Chatzi L. Circulating microRNA expression and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents with severe obesity. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:332-345. [PMID: 38313232 PMCID: PMC10835537 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i4.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in children and adolescents. NAFLD ranges in severity from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), wherein hepatocellular inflammation and/or fibrosis coexist with steatosis. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels have been suggested to be altered in NAFLD, but the extent to which miRNA are related to NAFLD features remains unknown. This analysis tested the hypothesis that plasma miRNAs are significantly associated with histological features of NAFLD in adolescents. AIM To investigate the relationship between plasma miRNA expression and NAFLD features among adolescents with NAFLD. METHODS This study included 81 adolescents diagnosed with NAFLD and 54 adolescents without NAFLD from the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery study. Intra-operative core liver biopsies were collected from participants and used to characterize histological features of NAFLD. Plasma samples were collected during surgery for miRNA profiling. A total of 843 plasma miRNAs were profiled using the HTG EdgeSeq platform. We examined associations of plasma miRNAs and NAFLD features using logistic regression after adjusting for age, sex, race, and other key covariates. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis was used to identify biological functions of miRNAs that were associated with multiple histological features of NAFLD. RESULTS We identified 16 upregulated plasma miRNAs, including miR-193a-5p and miR-193b-5p, and 22 downregulated plasma miRNAs, including miR-1282 and miR-6734-5p, in adolescents with NAFLD. Moreover, 52, 16, 15, and 9 plasma miRNAs were associated with NASH, fibrosis, ballooning degeneration, and lobular inflammation, respectively. Collectively, 16 miRNAs were associated with two or more histological features of NAFLD. Among those miRNAs, miR-411-5p was downregulated in NASH, ballooning, and fibrosis, while miR-122-5p, miR-1343-5p, miR-193a-5p, miR-193b-5p, and miR-7845-5p were consistently and positively associated with all histological features of NAFLD. Pathway analysis revealed that most common pathways of miRNAs associated with multiple NAFLD features have been associated with tumor progression, while we also identified linkages between miR-122-5p and hepatitis C virus and between miR-199b-5p and chronic hepatitis B. CONCLUSION Plasma miRNAs were associated with NAFLD features in adolescent with severe obesity. Larger studies with more heterogeneous NAFLD phenotypes are needed to evaluate miRNAs as potential biomarkers of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Hao-Tian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Jing-Xuan He
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Yin-Qi Zhao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Hong-Xu Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Justin R Ryder
- Department of Surgery, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Department of Surgery, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Todd Jenkins
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nutrition Research Center USDA/ARS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | - Stavra A Xanthakos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Motazedian N, Azarpira N, Falamarzi K, Dehghani SM, Ataollahi M, Esfandiari E, Dara M, Toobafard R, Sayadi M, Shekarforoush SA, Owji SH, Malekhosseini SA. Comparison of Mir122 expression in children with biliary atresia and healthy group. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 13:147-154. [PMID: 38915454 PMCID: PMC11194029 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2024.49649.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is the primary cause of neonatal jaundice with various pathological mechanisms. Many BA patients may experience progressive liver dysfunction and eventually need a liver transplant. Therefore, identifying potential non-invasive biomarkers for BA is crucial. miR-122, the most abundant microRNA in the liver, plays significant roles in different liver diseases. This study aimed to assess miR-122 levels in BA patients. Eighteen patients with biliary atresia were selected at random from the Shiraz Pediatric Liver Cirrhosis Cohort Study (SPLCCS), along with 18 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected, and biochemical parameters (such as liver function tests) were measured. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was conducted on serum samples from both the case and control groups to analyze miR-122 levels. The study results indicated that serum miR-122 expression in BA patients was elevated compared to the control group, although it did not reach statistical significance. Additionally, no correlation was found between miR-122 expression and serum levels of liver enzymes or other laboratory findings in BA cases. miR-122 could be a potential target for diagnosing BA; however, further research with a larger population is necessary to determine if miR-122 could serve as a useful biomarker for diagnosing BA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Motazedian
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Falamarzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Ataollahi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Esfandiari
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahintaj Dara
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Toobafard
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrab Sayadi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hossein Owji
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aggeletopoulou I, Kalafateli M, Tsounis EP, Triantos C. Epigenetic Regulation in Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12864. [PMID: 37629043 PMCID: PMC10454848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prominent cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is a rapidly growing epidemic. It consists of a wide range of liver diseases, from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and predisposes patients to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is strongly correlated with obesity; however, it has been extensively reported among lean/nonobese individuals in recent years. Although lean patients demonstrate a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus, central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, a percentage of these patients may develop steatohepatitis, advanced liver fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease, and have increased all-cause mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms of lean NAFLD remain vague. Studies have reported that lean NAFLD demonstrates a close association with environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and epigenetic modifications. In this review, we aim to discuss and summarize the epigenetic mechanisms involved in lean NAFLD and to introduce the interaction between epigenetic patterns and genetic or non genetic factors. Several epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in the regulation of lean NAFLD. These include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding-RNA-mediated gene regulation. Epigenetics is an area of special interest in the setting of lean NAFLD as it could provide new insights into the therapeutic options and noninvasive biomarkers that target this under-recognized and challenging disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
| | - Maria Kalafateli
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Patras, 26332 Patras, Greece;
| | - Efthymios P. Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (E.P.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hattori Y, Yamada H, Munetsuna E, Fujii R, Ando Y, Yamazaki M, Mizuno G, Tsuboi Y, Ishihara Y, Ichino N, Sugimoto K, Osakabe K, Ishikawa H, Ohashi K, Suzuki K. The Ratio of miR-122 to miR-20a (miR-122/miR-20a) Is a Useful Minimally Invasive Biomarker for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Detection. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:239-247. [PMID: 37643325 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global health problem. NAFLD has few initial symptoms and may be difficult to detect early, so there is need for a minimally invasive early detection marker. We hypothesized that miR-122 and miR-20a levels combined, as the miR-122/miR-20a ratio might detect NAFLD more sensitively. Methods: This study involved 167 participants with low alcohol intake. Those who had an increase in echogenicity of the liver parenchyma and hepato-renal contrast on ultrasonography were classified as the NAFLD group (n = 44), which was further classified into mild (n = 26) and severe (n = 18) groups based on echogenic intensity and hepatic vessel and diaphragm visualization. Participants without fatty liver were included in the normal group, except for those with an abnormal body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, and systolic blood pressure (n = 123) values. Serum miR-122 and miR-20a expression levels in participants were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the miR-122/miR-20a was calculated. Results: In the NAFLD group, miR-122 expression was significantly higher and the miR-20a was significantly lower than in the normal group, in agreement with previous studies. miR-122/miR-20a was also significantly higher in the NAFLD group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed with miR-122/miR-20a as an NAFLD detection marker, and the area under the curve of miR-122/miR-20a was significantly larger than that of miR-122 or miR-20a alone. Conclusions: The miR-122/miR-20a ratio, combined with miR-122 and miR-20a levels, is a useful biomarker to detect NAFLD with high sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hattori
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene and Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Science, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Genki Mizuno
- Department of Medical Technology, Tokyo University of Technology School of Health Sciences, Ota, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuboi
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuya Ishihara
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naohiro Ichino
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Keisuke Osakabe
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Science, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Science, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miyagawa S, Horie T, Nishino T, Koyama S, Watanabe T, Baba O, Yamasaki T, Sowa N, Otani C, Matsushita K, Kojima H, Kimura M, Nakashima Y, Obika S, Kasahara Y, Kotera J, Oka K, Fujita R, Sasaki T, Takemiya A, Hasegawa K, Kimura T, Ono K. Inhibition of microRNA-33b in humanized mice ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301902. [PMID: 37263777 PMCID: PMC10235800 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in their advanced stages; however, there are currently no approved therapies. Here, we show that microRNA (miR)-33b in hepatocytes is critical for the development of NASH. miR-33b is located in the intron of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 and is abundantly expressed in humans, but absent in rodents. miR-33b knock-in (KI) mice, which have a miR-33b sequence in the same intron of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 as humans and express miR-33b similar to humans, exhibit NASH under high-fat diet feeding. This condition is ameliorated by hepatocyte-specific miR-33b deficiency but unaffected by macrophage-specific miR-33b deficiency. Anti-miR-33b oligonucleotide improves the phenotype of NASH in miR-33b KI mice fed a Gubra Amylin NASH diet, which induces miR-33b and worsens NASH more than a high-fat diet. Anti-miR-33b treatment reduces hepatic free cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation through up-regulation of the lipid metabolism-related target genes. Furthermore, it decreases the expression of fibrosis marker genes in cultured hepatic stellate cells. Thus, inhibition of miR-33b using nucleic acid medicine is a promising treatment for NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawa Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Sowa
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiharu Otani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuuya Kasahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kotera
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, Fujisawa-shi, Japan
| | - Kozo Oka
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, Fujisawa-shi, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujita
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, Fujisawa-shi, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, Fujisawa-shi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takemiya
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Shonan Health Innovation Park, Fujisawa-shi, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rana M, Saini M, Das R, Gupta S, Joshi T, Mehta DK. Circulating MicroRNAs: Diagnostic Value as Biomarkers in the Detection of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Microrna 2023; 12:99-113. [PMID: 37005546 DOI: 10.2174/2211536612666230330083146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic-related disorder, is the most common cause of chronic liver disease which, if left untreated, can progress from simple steatosis to advanced fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, which is the leading cause of hepatic damage globally. Currently available diagnostic modalities for NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma are mostly invasive and of limited precision. A liver biopsy is the most widely used diagnostic tool for hepatic disease. But due to its invasive procedure, it is not practicable for mass screening. Thus, noninvasive biomarkers are needed to diagnose NAFLD and HCC, monitor disease progression, and determine treatment response. Various studies indicated that serum miRNAs could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for both NAFLD and HCC diagnosis because of their association with different histological features of the disease. Although microRNAs are promising and clinically useful biomarkers for hepatic diseases, larger standardization procedures and studies are still required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Rana
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Rina Das
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Tanishq Joshi
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guha S, Sesili S, Mir IH, Thirunavukkarasu C. Epigenetics and mitochondrial dysfunction insights into the impact of the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:4-19. [PMID: 36330539 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A metabolic problem occurs when regular functions of the body are disrupted due to an undesirable imbalance. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common in this category. NAFLD is subclassified and progresses from lipid accumulation to cirrhosis before advancing to hepatocellular cancer. In spite of being a critical concern, the standard treatment is inadequate. Metformin, silymarin, and other nonspecific medications are used in the management of NAFLD. Aside from this available medicine, maintaining a healthy lifestyle has been emphasized as a means of combating this. Epigenetics, which has been attributed to NAFLD, is another essential feature of this disease that has emerged as a result of several sorts of research. The mechanisms by which DNA methylation, noncoding RNA, and histone modification promote NAFLD have been extensively researched. Another organelle, mitochondria, which play a pivotal role in biological processes, contributes to the global threat. Individuals with NAFLD have been documented to have a multitude of alterations and malfunctioning. Mitochondria are mainly concerned with the process of energy production and regulation of the signaling pathway on which the fate of a cell relies. Modulation of mitochondria leads to elevated lipid deposition in the liver. Further, changes in oxidation states result in an impaired balance between the antioxidant system and reactive oxygen species directly linked to mitochondria. Hence mitochondria have a definite role in potentiating NAFLD. In this regard, it is essential to consider the role of epigenetics as well as mitochondrial contribution while developing a medication or therapy with the desired accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyoshi Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Selvam Sesili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Ishfaq Hassan Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Konings MCJM, Baumgartner S, Mensink RP, Plat J. Investigating microRNAs to Explain the Link between Cholesterol Metabolism and NAFLD in Humans: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234946. [PMID: 36500981 PMCID: PMC9738374 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic free cholesterol accumulation. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) might be involved in NAFLD development. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature to examine the link between miRNAs and cholesterol metabolism in NAFLD. Nineteen studies were retrieved by a systematic search in September 2022. From these papers, we evaluated associations between 13 miRNAs with NAFLD and cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, their diagnostic potential was examined. Four miRNAs (miR122, 34a, 132 and 21) were associated with cholesterol metabolism and markers for NAFLD. MiR122 was upregulated in serum of NAFLD patients, increased with disease severity and correlated with HDL-C, TAG, VLDL-C, AST, ALT, ALP, lobular inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning and NAFLD score. Serum and hepatic levels also correlated. Serum and hepatic miR34a levels were increased in NAFLD, and correlated with VLDL-C and TAG. Serum miR379 was also higher in NAFLD, especially in early stages, while miR21 gave ambiguous results. The diagnostic properties of these miRNAs were comparable to those of existing biomarkers. However, serum miR122 levels appeared to be elevated before increases in ALT and AST were evident. In conclusion, miR122, miR34a, miR21 and miR132 may play a role in the development of NAFLD via effects on cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, it needs to be explored if miRNAs 122, 34a and 379 could be used as part of a panel in addition to established biomarkers in early detection of NAFLD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang YH, Xie HL, Yang YW, Wen J, Liu RR, Zhao GP, Tan XD, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Zhang JB. miR-375 upregulates lipid metabolism and inhibits cell proliferation involved in chicken fatty liver formation and inheritance via targeting recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ). Poult Sci 2022; 102:102218. [PMID: 36410068 PMCID: PMC9678763 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is susceptible to fatty liver which lead to decrease egg production and increase mortality. But the potential molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the current study, in combination with transcriptome sequencing and miRNA sequencing data analysis from F1 generation of the normal liver and fatty liver tissues, the differentially expressed miR-375 and its target gene RBPJ were screened and verified. The expression levels of miR-375 and RBPJ gene in the liver between control and fatty liver groups of F0-F3 generation for Jingxing-Huang (JXH) chicken are different significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). And downregulated RBPJ expression can promote TG content and lipid droplets in primary hepatocytes cultured in vitro (P < 0.01). Cell proliferation-related genes, including PMP22, IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFBP-5, increased or decreased significantly after overexpression or knock-down RBPJ (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), respectively. This study uniquely revealed that miR-375 induced lipid synthesis and inhibited cell proliferation may partly due to regulation of RBPJ expression, thereby involving in fatty liver formation and inheritance in chicken. The results could be useful in identifying candidate genes and revealing the pathogenesis of fatty liver that may be used for disease-resistance selective breeding in chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Li Xie
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Ran-Ran Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Tan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China,Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohamed AA, Abo-Elmatty DM, Ezzat O, Mesbah NM, Ali NS, Abd El Fatah AS, Alsayed E, Hamada M, Hassnine AA, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelghani A, Hassan MB, Fattah SA. Pro-Neurotensin as a Potential Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Detection of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1935-1943. [PMID: 35769889 PMCID: PMC9234179 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s365147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard method for diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver severity. It is critical to develop non-invasive diagnostic method to diagnose nonalcoholic fatty liver rather than invasive techniques. Our case-control study was to address the value of circulating miRNA-122 and serum pro-neurotensin as a potential non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty acid diseases. Methods Clinical assessment, laboratory investigations, and anthropometric measurements were reported for 157 patients with proven NAFLD. Apparently, healthy participants (n=100) were enrolled as a control group. Serum samples were tested for micro-RNAs-122 and pro-neurotensin. Results Compared with the control subjects, both mi-RNA-122 and serum proneurotensin levels were increased in NAFLD (p<0.001) and at a cut-off ≥6.83, mi-RNA-122 had 51.0% sensitivity, 70.0% specificity to differentiate NAFLD from healthy controls, while serum proneurotensin had 80.0% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity at a cutoff ≥108. Conclusion The circulating pro-neurotensin might be used as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of patients with NAFLD, wherefore the integration of a circulating mi-RNA-122 and serum pro-neurotensin could be beneficial to diagnose NAFLD cases. Large-scale studies are needed to investigate the possible role of mi-RNA-122 and pro-neurotensin in the development, progression, and prognosis of NAFLD and NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Mohamed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina M Abo-Elmatty
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Omnia Ezzat
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Mesbah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nada S Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Minia University Hospital, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamada
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Alshymaa A Hassnine
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Abdelghani
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badr Hassan
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Fattah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Advances of microRNAs in regulating mitochondrial function: new potential application in NAFLD treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9841-9853. [PMID: 35612781 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic diseases and closely associated with lipid disorder. Mitochondrion has been recognized to play a key role in lipid metabolism as the main site of energy metabolism in cells, and its dysfunction is involved in the progression of NAFLD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), one of regulators in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, are discovered to modulate mitochondrial function by targeting mitochondrial proteins or mitochondrial-related factors, thereby improving or deteriorating NAFLD-associated pathologies. This review summarizes the differentially expressed miRNAs from clinical and experimental models of NAFLD with abilities in regulating mitochondrial function, expounds their underlying molecular mechanism and discusses their prospect and future research direction.
Collapse
|
14
|
Circulating MicroRNAs as a Tool for Diagnosis of Liver Disease Progression in People Living with HIV-1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061118. [PMID: 35746590 PMCID: PMC9227922 DOI: 10.3390/v14061118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding specific cell mRNA targets, preventing their translation. miRNAs are implicated in the regulation of important physiological and pathological pathways. Liver disease, including injury, fibrosis, metabolism dysregulation, and tumor development disrupts liver-associated miRNAs. In addition to their effect in the originating tissue, miRNAs can also circulate in body fluids. miRNA release is an important form of intercellular communication that plays a role in the physiological and pathological processes underlying multiple diseases. Circulating plasma levels of miRNAs have been identified as potential disease biomarkers. One of the main challenges clinics face is the lack of available noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the different stages of liver disease (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), particularly among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Liver disease is a leading cause of death unrelated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Here, we review and discuss the utility of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of liver disease in PLWH. Remarkably, the identification of dysregulated miRNA expression may also identify targets for new therapeutics.
Collapse
|
15
|
Factors influencing circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for liver diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4999-5016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease, worldwide. The molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, involving numerous signalling molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs). Dysregulation of miRNA expression is associated with hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although miRNAs are also critical to the cellular response to vitamin D, mediating regulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D’s anticancer effects, a role for vitamin D regulated miRNAs in NAFLD pathogenesis has been relatively unexplored. Therefore, this review aimed to critically assess the evidence for a potential subset of miRNAs that are both dysregulated in NAFLD and modulated by vitamin D. Comprehensive review of 89 human studies identified 25 miRNAs found dysregulated in more than one NAFLD study. In contrast, only 17 studies, including a protocol for a trial in NAFLD, had examined miRNAs in relation to vitamin D status, response to supplementation, or vitamin D in the context of the liver. This paper summarises these data and reviews the biological roles of six miRNAs (miR-21, miR-30, miR-34, miR-122, miR-146, miR-200) found dysregulated in multiple independent NAFLD studies. While modulation of miRNAs by vitamin D has been understudied, integrating the data suggests seven vitamin D modulated miRNAs (miR-27, miR-125, miR-155, miR-192, miR-223, miR-375, miR-378) potentially relevant to NAFLD pathogenesis. Our summary tables provide a significant resource to underpin future hypothesis-driven research, and we conclude that the measurement of serum and hepatic miRNAs in response to vitamin D supplementation in larger trials is warranted.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li W, Liu J, Cai J, Zhang XJ, Zhang P, She ZG, Chen S, Li H. NAFLD as a continuous driver in the whole spectrum of vascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:118-132. [PMID: 34737121 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular disease is the prime determinant to cardiovascular morbidities and mortalities, which comprises the early vascular damage and subsequent cardiovascular events. Non-alcohol Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a systemic metabolic disorder that drives the progression of vascular disease through complex interactions. Although a causal relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been established, a growing number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated an independent association between NAFLD and early vascular disease and subsequent cardiovascular events. In addition, mechanistic studies suggest that NAFLD initiates and accelerates vascular injury by increasing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, impairing insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, and modulating epigenetics, the intestinal flora and hepatic autonomic nervous system; thus, NAFLD is a putative driving force for CVD progression. In this review, we summarize the clinical evidence supporting the association of NAFLD with subclinical vascular disease and cardiovascular events and discuss the potential mechanisms by which NAFLD promotes the progression of vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shaoze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China; Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu B, Chan SL, Li J, Li K, Wu H, Cui K, Chen H. Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:742382. [PMID: 34557535 PMCID: PMC8452937 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.742382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a rise in the prevalence of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to the popularity of western diets and sedentary lifestyles. One quarter of NAFLD patients is diagnosed with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), with histological evidence not only of fat accumulation in hepatocytes but also of liver cell injury and death due to long-term inflammation. Severe NASH patients have increased risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis and current methods of diagnosis for NASH, and current status of drug development for this life-threatening liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siu-Lung Chan
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jack Li
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn Li
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kui Cui
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Merve Bayram H, Eren F, Esra Gunes F. The relationship between polyphenols and miRNAs: A novel therapeutic strategy for metabolic associated fatty liver disease. HEPATOLOGY FORUM 2021; 2:128-136. [PMID: 35784906 PMCID: PMC9138948 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2021.2021.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a public health problem that is increasingly recognized, currently affecting up to a quarter of the world's adult population. Although a biopsy is the current gold standard to diagnose MAFLD, there are potentially serious complications, making it inadequate. Thus far, noninvasive methods have not been able to determine the stage and the subtype of MAFLD. The development and prognosis of MAFLD are modulated by epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which may be potential biomarkers for MAFLD. Polyphenols, found in many fruits and vegetables, may be useful, as they alter gene expression with epigenetic factors, such as miRNAs. This review presents an overview of the relationship between polyphenols and miRNAs in MAFLD. The literature suggests that miRNAs could be used as a diagnostic method for MAFLD, especially miRNA-122 and miRNA-34a. However, though it has been demonstrated that polyphenols may contribute to improving MAFLD, to our knowledge, no study to date has shown the relationship between polyphenols and miRNAs in MAFLD. The exact mechanisms of polyphenols on miRNAs in MAFLD remain unclear. Future studies may provide hope for diet therapy for MAFLD patients as well as the development of polyphenol-related foods or drugs that target miRNAs to treat MAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Merve Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Eren
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Esra Gunes
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Marmara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Formichi C, Nigi L, Grieco GE, Maccora C, Fignani D, Brusco N, Licata G, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Non-Coding RNAs: Novel Players in Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7716. [PMID: 34299336 PMCID: PMC8306942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of metabolic diseases related to insulin resistance (IR) have stressed the urgent need of accurate and applicable tools for early diagnosis and treatment. In the last decade, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained growing interest because of their potential role in IR modulation. NcRNAs are variable-length transcripts which are not translated into proteins but are involved in gene expression regulation. Thanks to their stability and easy detection in biological fluids, ncRNAs have been investigated as promising diagnostic and therapeutic markers in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we review the emerging role of ncRNAs in the development of IR and related diseases such as obesity, T2D and NAFLD, and summarize current evidence concerning their potential clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Maccora
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.F.); (L.N.); (G.E.G.); (D.F.); (N.B.); (G.L.); (G.S.)
- Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Villar B, Bertran L, Aguilar C, Binetti J, Martínez S, Sabench F, Real M, Riesco D, París M, Del Castillo D, Richart C, Auguet T. Circulating Levels of Pro-Neurotensin and Its Relationship with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 11:373. [PMID: 34200577 PMCID: PMC8226510 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a link between pro-neurotensin (pro-NT) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the published data are conflicting. Thus, we aimed to analyze pro-NT levels in women with morbid obesity (MO) and NAFLD to investigate if this molecule is involved in NAFLD and liver lipid metabolism. Plasma levels of pro-NT were determined in 56 subjects with MO and 18 with normal weight (NW). All patients with MO were subclassified according to their liver histology into the normal liver (NL, n = 20) and NAFLD (n = 36) groups. The NAFLD group had 17 subjects with simple steatosis (SS) and 19 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We used a chemiluminescence sandwich immunoassay to quantify pro-NT in plasma and RT-qPCR to evaluate the hepatic mRNA levels of several lipid metabolism-related genes. We reported that pro-NT levels were significantly higher in MO with NAFLD than in MO without NAFLD. Additionally, pro-NT levels were higher in NASH patients than in NL. The hepatic expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was found to be altered in NAFLD, as previously reported. Additionally, although pro-NT levels correlated with LDL, there was no association with the main lipid metabolism-related genes. These findings suggest that pro-NT could be related to NAFLD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Villar
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.V.); (J.B.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Laia Bertran
- Grup d’Estudi de Malalties Metabòliques associades a Insulino Resistència (GEMMAIR)–AGAUR, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grup d’Estudi de Malalties Metabòliques associades a Insulino Resistència (GEMMAIR)–AGAUR, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Jessica Binetti
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.V.); (J.B.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili. Avinguda, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (F.S.); (M.P.); (D.D.C.)
| | - Monica Real
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.V.); (J.B.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - David Riesco
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.V.); (J.B.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
| | - Marta París
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili. Avinguda, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (F.S.); (M.P.); (D.D.C.)
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili. Avinguda, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (F.S.); (M.P.); (D.D.C.)
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Grup d’Estudi de Malalties Metabòliques associades a Insulino Resistència (GEMMAIR)–AGAUR, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.A.); (C.R.)
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (B.V.); (J.B.); (M.R.); (D.R.)
- Grup d’Estudi de Malalties Metabòliques associades a Insulino Resistència (GEMMAIR)–AGAUR, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.A.); (C.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hegazy MA, Abd ALgwad I, Abuel Fadl S, Sayed Hassan M, Ahmed Rashed L, Hussein MA. Serum Micro-RNA-122 Level as a Simple Noninvasive Marker of MAFLD Severity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2247-2254. [PMID: 34040409 PMCID: PMC8142686 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s291595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common disease worldwide. Micro-RNA-122 is known to be the most abundant micro-RNA expressed in the liver. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of micro-RNA-122 and the degree of steatosis and fibrosis in obese patients with MAFLD. METHODS The study included 120 obese Egyptian patients with MAFLD, which were diagnosed and classified according to ultra-sonographic liver findings. All patients enrolled in the study were subjected to thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations (serum micro-RNA-122 levels by PCR, lipid profile, liver biochemistry, and functions). Fibro-scan was used to assess the level of fibrosis. RESULTS There was a significant increase in levels of micro-RNA-122 in obese patients with MAFLD compared to controls (p<0.001). Micro-RNA-122 level was lower in patients with mild liver steatosis than patients with moderate or severe steatosis (p<0.001). It was lower in patients with a mild degree of fibrosis than those with mild or moderate fibrosis (p<0.001). Micro-RNA-122 was significantly positively correlated with low-density cholesterol and triglycerides level, and liver enzymes, and negatively correlated to high-density cholesterol (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Serum micro-RNA-122 could be a useful predictor of assessing MAFLD severity regarding level of steatosis or fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Hegazy
- Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Al-Aini Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Abd ALgwad
- Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Al-Aini Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir Abuel Fadl
- Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Al-Aini Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sayed Hassan
- Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Al-Aini Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Biochemistry Department, Kasr Al-Aini Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Hussein
- Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Al-Aini Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lischka J, Schanzer A, Hojreh A, Ba-Ssalamah A, de Gier C, Valent I, Item CB, Greber-Platzer S, Zeyda M. Circulating microRNAs 34a, 122, and 192 are linked to obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic disease in pediatric patients. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1763-1772. [PMID: 33986456 PMCID: PMC8310785 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation leads to dysregulation of central lipid and glucose metabolism pathways leading to metabolic disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to control regulators of metabolic homeostasis. We aimed to assess the relationship of circulating miRNAs with inflammatory modulators and metabolic disorders in pediatric obesity. METHODS From a pediatric cohort with severe obesity (n = 109), clinically thoroughly characterized including diverse routine blood parameters, oral glucose tolerance test, and liver MRI, a panel of 16 circulating miRNAs was quantified using qRT-PCR. Additionally, markers of inflammation TNFα, IL1 receptor antagonist, procalcitonin, CRP, and IL-6 were measured. RESULTS Markers of obesity-associated inflammation, TNFα, IL-1Ra, and procalcitonin, all significantly correlated with concentrations of miRNAs 122 and 192. Concentrations of these miRNAs negatively correlated with serum adiponectin and were among those strongly linked to parameters of dyslipidemia and liver function. Moreover, miRNA122 concentrations correlated with HOMA-IR. Several miRNA levels including miRNAs 34a, 93, 122, and 192 were statistically significantly differing between individuals with prediabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease compared to the respective controls. Additionally, miRNA 192 was significantly elevated in metabolically unhealthy obesity. CONCLUSIONS A miRNA pattern associated with obesity-associated inflammation and comorbidities may be used to distinguish metabolically healthy from unhealthy pediatric patients with obesity. Moreover, these changes in epigenetic regulation could potentially be involved in the etiology of obesity-linked metabolic disease in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lischka
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Schanzer
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Azadeh Hojreh
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte de Gier
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Valent
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chike Bellarmine Item
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang X, Asllanaj E, Amiri M, Portilla-Fernandez E, Bramer WM, Nano J, Voortman T, Pan Q, Ghanbari M. Deciphering the role of epigenetic modifications in fatty liver disease: A systematic review. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13479. [PMID: 33350463 PMCID: PMC8243926 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver disease (FLD), primarily nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most common liver disorder that affects a quarter of the global population. NAFLD is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which is associated with increased risk of developing liver cancer. Given that the pathogenic mechanisms of fatty liver remain largely elusive, it is important to further investigate potential underlying mechanisms including epigenetic modifications. Here, we performed a systematic review of human epigenetic studies on FLD presence. METHODS Five bibliographic databases were screened until 28 August 2020. We included cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies in humans that examined the association of epigenetic modifications including global, candidate or epigenome-wide methylation of DNA, noncoding RNAs and histone modifications with FLD. RESULTS In total 36 articles, based on 33 unique studies, consisting of 12 112 participants met the inclusion criteria. Among these, two recent epigenome-wide association studies conducted among large population-based cohorts have reported the association between cg06690548 (SLC7A11) and FLD. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated the association between microRNAs (miRNAs) and FLD, in which miR-122, miR-34a and miR-192 were recognized as the most relevant miRNAs as biomarkers for FLD. We did not find any studies examining histone modifications in relation to FLD. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative evidence suggests a link between epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation and miRNAs, and FLD. Further efforts should investigate the molecular pathways by which these epigenetic markers may regulate FLD and also the potential role of histone modifications in FLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eralda Asllanaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Masoud Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eliana Portilla-Fernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Diabetes Center, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Combination of Berberine, Tocotrienols and Coffee Extracts Improves Metabolic Profile and Liver Steatosis by the Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Hepatic miR-122 and miR-34a Expression in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041281. [PMID: 33924725 PMCID: PMC8069822 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic-fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is spreading worldwide. Specific drugs for NAFLD are not yet available, even if some plant extracts show beneficial properties. We evaluated the effects of a combination, composed by Berberis Aristata, Elaeis Guineensis and Coffea Canephora, on the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, insulin-resistance and on the modulation of hepatic microRNAs (miRNA) levels and microbiota composition in a mouse model of liver damage. C57BL/6 mice were fed with standard diet (SD, n = 8), high fat diet (HFD, n = 8) or HFD plus plant extracts (HFD+E, n = 8) for 24 weeks. Liver expression of miR-122 and miR-34a was evaluated by quantitativePCR. Microbiome analysis was performed on cecal content by 16S rRNA sequencing. HFD+E-mice showed lower body weight (p < 0.01), amelioration of insulin-sensitivity (p = 0.021), total cholesterol (p = 0.014), low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (p < 0.001), alanine-aminotransferase (p = 0.038) and hepatic steatosis compared to HFD-mice. While a decrease of hepatic miR-122 and increase of miR-34a were observed in HFD-mice compared to SD-mice, both these miRNAs had similar levels to SD-mice in HFD+E-mice. Moreover, a different microbial composition was found between SD- and HFD-mice, with a partial rescue of dysbiosis in HFD+E-mice. This combination of plant extracts had a beneficial effect on HFD-induced NAFLD by the modulation of miR-122, miR-34a and gut microbiome.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang X, Mens MMJ, Abozaid YJ, Bos D, Darwish Murad S, de Knegt RJ, Ikram MA, Pan Q, Ghanbari M. Circulatory microRNAs as potential biomarkers for fatty liver disease: the Rotterdam study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 53:432-442. [PMID: 33244812 PMCID: PMC7839694 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver disease (FLD) is the most common cause of liver dysfunction in developed countries. There is great interest in developing clinically valid and minimally invasive biomarkers to enhance early diagnosis of FLD. AIM To investigate the potential of circulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of FLD at the population level. METHODS Plasma levels of 2083 miRNAs were measured by RNA sequencing in 1999 participants from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. The Hounsfield Unit (HU) attenuation of liver was measured using non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan. Logistic and linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders were used to examine the association of circulatory miRNAs with liver enzymes (n = 1991) and CT-based FLD (n = 954). Moreover, the association of miRNAs with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis was assessed longitudinally in individuals who underwent abdominal ultrasound (n = 1211) and transient elastography (n = 777) after a median follow-up of >6 years. RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis showed 61 miRNAs significantly associated with serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and/or alkaline phosphatase levels (Bonferroni-corrected P < 8.46 × 10-5 ). Moreover, 17 miRNAs were significantly associated with CT-based FLD (P < 8.46 × 10-5 ); 14 were among miRNAs associated with liver enzymes. Longitudinal analysis showed that 4 of these 14 miRNAs (miR-193a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-378d and miR-187-3p) were significantly associated with hepatic steatosis (P < 3.57 × 10-3 ) and three (miR-193a-5p, miR-122-5p and miR-193b-3p) were nominally associated with liver fibrosis (P < 0.05). Nine of the 14 identified miRNAs were involved in pathways underlying liver diseases. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of several miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of FLD, laying the groundwork for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Michelle M. J. Mens
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Yasir J. Abozaid
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sarwa Darwish Murad
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Robert J. de Knegt
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Puckett DL, Alquraishi M, Chowanadisai W, Bettaieb A. The Role of PKM2 in Metabolic Reprogramming: Insights into the Regulatory Roles of Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1171. [PMID: 33503959 PMCID: PMC7865720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase is a key regulator in glycolysis through the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate. Pyruvate kinase exists in various isoforms that can exhibit diverse biological functions and outcomes. The pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2) controls cell progression and survival through the regulation of key signaling pathways. In cancer cells, the dimer form of PKM2 predominates and plays an integral role in cancer metabolism. This predominance of the inactive dimeric form promotes the accumulation of phosphometabolites, allowing cancer cells to engage in high levels of synthetic processing to enhance their proliferative capacity. PKM2 has been recognized for its role in regulating gene expression and transcription factors critical for health and disease. This role enables PKM2 to exert profound regulatory effects that promote cancer cell metabolism, proliferation, and migration. In addition to its role in cancer, PKM2 regulates aspects essential to cellular homeostasis in non-cancer tissues and, in some cases, promotes tissue-specific pathways in health and diseases. In pursuit of understanding the diverse tissue-specific roles of PKM2, investigations targeting tissues such as the kidney, liver, adipose, and pancreas have been conducted. Findings from these studies enhance our understanding of PKM2 functions in various diseases beyond cancer. Therefore, there is substantial interest in PKM2 modulation as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple conditions. Indeed, a vast plethora of research has focused on identifying therapeutic strategies for targeting PKM2. Recently, targeting PKM2 through its regulatory microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) has gathered increasing interest. Thus, the goal of this review is to highlight recent advancements in PKM2 research, with a focus on PKM2 regulatory microRNAs and lncRNAs and their subsequent physiological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexter L. Puckett
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.L.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alquraishi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.L.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Winyoo Chowanadisai
- Department of Nutrition, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (D.L.P.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pillai SS, Lakhani HV, Zehra M, Wang J, Dilip A, Puri N, O’Hanlon K, Sodhi K. Predicting Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through a Panel of Plasma Biomarkers and MicroRNAs in Female West Virginia Population. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186698. [PMID: 32933141 PMCID: PMC7554851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is primarily characterized by the presence of fatty liver, hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis eventually leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or cirrhosis. Obesity and diabetes are common risk factors associated with the development and progression of NAFLD, with one of the highest prevalence of these diseased conditions in the West Virginia population. Currently, the diagnosis of NAFLD is limited to radiologic studies and biopsies, which are not cost-effective and highly invasive. Hence, this study aimed to develop a panel and assess the progressive levels of circulatory biomarkers and miRNA expression in patients at risk for progression to NASH to allow early intervention strategies. (2) Methods: In total, 62 female patients were enrolled and blood samples were collected after 8–10 h of fasting. Computed tomography was performed on abdomen/pelvis following IV contrast administration. The patients were divided into the following groups: Healthy subjects with normal BMI and normal fasting blood glucose (Control, n = 20), Obese with high BMI and normal fasting blood glucose (Obese, n = 20) and Obese with high fasting blood glucose (Obese + DM, n = 22). Based on findings from CT, another subset was created from Obese + DM group with patients who showed signs of fatty liver infiltration (Obese + DM(FI), n = 10). ELISA was performed for measurement of plasma biomarkers and RT-PCR was performed for circulating miRNA expression. (3) Results: Our results show significantly increased levels of plasma IL-6, Leptin and FABP-1, while significantly decreased level of adiponectin in Obese, Obese + DM and Obese + DM(FI) group, as compared to healthy controls. The level of CK-18 was significantly increased in Obese + DM(FI) group as compared to control. Subsequently, the expression of miR-122, miR-34a, miR-375, miR-16 and miR-21 was significantly increased in Obese + DM and Obese + DM(FI) group as compared to healthy control. Our results also show distinct correlation of IL-6, FABP-1 and adiponectin levels with the expression of miRNAs in relation to the extent of NAFLD progression. (4) Conclusion: Our results support the clinical application of these biomarkers and miRNAs in monitoring the progression of NAFLD, suggesting a more advanced diagnostic potential of this panel than conventional methods. This panel may provide an appropriate method for early prognosis and management of NAFLD and subsequent adverse hepatic pathophysiology, potentially reducing the disease burden on the West Virginia population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha S. Pillai
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (S.S.P.); (H.V.L.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Hari Vishal Lakhani
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (S.S.P.); (H.V.L.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Mishghan Zehra
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (S.S.P.); (H.V.L.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Jiayan Wang
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (S.S.P.); (H.V.L.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Anum Dilip
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (S.S.P.); (H.V.L.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Nitin Puri
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Education, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA;
| | - Kathleen O’Hanlon
- Departments of Family Medicine, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA;
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (S.S.P.); (H.V.L.); (M.Z.); (J.W.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(304)-691-1704; Fax: +1-(914)-347-4956
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xin S, Zhan Q, Chen X, Xu J, Yu Y. Efficacy of serum miRNA test as a non-invasive method to diagnose nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:186. [PMID: 32532204 PMCID: PMC7291448 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a key turning point during the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies have shown that serum miRNA tests may be effective in the diagnosis of NAFLD. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the evidence for the diagnostic efficacy of serum miRNAs in patients with NAFLD and its subtype, NASH, in particular. Methods After a systematic review, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) were pooled to determine the efficacy of serum miRNA test for the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH. Clinical utility was evaluated by Fagan’s nomogram and likelihood ratio scattergram. Heterogeneity was evaluated by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Publication bias was detected by Deeks’ funnel plot. Results We included 27 trials containing 1775 NAFLD patients (including simple steatosis and NASH) and 586 NASH patients. For NAFLD vs NASH, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUROC were (0.71 vs. 0.74), (0.76 vs. 0.85) and (0.80 vs. 0.86), respectively. Serum miRNA had high accuracy for distinguishing NASH from simple steatosis, with an AUROC of 0.91. Among the most commonly studied serum miRNAs, miRNA-34a showed moderate diagnostic accuracy for NAFLD and the lowest heterogeneity (sensitivity I2 = 5.73%, specificity I2 = 33.16%, AUROC = 0.85). According to subgroup analysis and meta-regression, a lower BMI (< 30 kg/m2) might be a crucial source of heterogeneity. Conclusions As a novel non-invasive method, serum miRNA test exhibited robust diagnostic efficacy for NASH. Among these well-studied miRNAs, miRNA-34a was more available for diagnosis. Diagnosis of NAFLD by serum miRNA is more likely to be accurate in patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Xin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Circulating microRNAs overexpressed in macrosomia: an experimental and bioinformatic approach. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:464-472. [PMID: 32452339 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) and macrosomia have been associated with later-in-life metabolic alterations. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the expression levels of circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) associated with adult metabolic diseases are also dysregulated in newborns with LBW or macrosomia. The expression levels of five microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with metabolic diseases were quantified in dried blood spots of newborns with adequate birth weight, LBW and macrosomia by stem-loop real-time polymerase chain reaction. miR-29a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-486-5p were significantly overexpressed in newborns with macrosomia and showed no significant change in the LBW group compared to normal weight controls. miR-320a showed no statistical difference among groups. We predicted the putative target genes and pathways of the overexpressed miRNAs with bioinformatic tools. Bioinformatic analyses of overexpressed miRNAs predicted target genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, participate in FoxO and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and are associated with diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. The overexpression of circulating miR-29a-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-221-3p, and miR-486-5p may explain the increased risk of obesity and diabetes associated with macrosomia. The use of dried blood spots from newborn screening cards to quantify miRNAs expression levels could be an early and minimally invasive predictive tool for these metabolic alterations.
Collapse
|
31
|
The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in NAFLD: Highlight of MicroRNA-29a in Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Beyond. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041041. [PMID: 32331364 PMCID: PMC7226429 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease and ranges from steatosis to steatohepatitis and to liver fibrosis. Lipotoxicity in hepatocytes, elevated oxidative stress and the activation of proinflammatory mediators of Kupffer cells, and fibrogenic pathways of activated hepatic stellate cells can contribute to the development of NAFLD. MicroRNAs (miRs) play a crucial role in the dysregulated metabolism and inflammatory signaling connected with NAFLD and its progression towards more severe stages. Of note, the protective effect of non-coding miR-29a on liver damage and its versatile action on epigenetic activity, mitochondrial homeostasis and immunomodulation may improve our perception of the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Herein, we review the biological functions of critical miRs in NAFLD, as well as highlight the emerging role of miR-29a in therapeutic application and the recent advances in molecular mechanisms underlying its liver protective effect.
Collapse
|
32
|
Bayoumi A, Grønbæk H, George J, Eslam M. The Epigenetic Drug Discovery Landscape for Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease. Trends Genet 2020; 36:429-441. [PMID: 32396836 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, effective therapies for metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) are lacking. An increasing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic dysregulation is frequent in MAFLD, and orchestrates many aspects of its development and progression. Furthermore, the high plasticity of epigenetic modifications in response to environmental cues renders epigenetics a novel area for therapeutic drug discovery. Over recent years, several epigenetics-based drugs and diagnostic biomarkers have entered clinical development and/or obtained regulatory approval. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of epigenetic regulation and programming during MAFLD, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodelling, transcriptional control, and noncoding (nc)RNAs. We also discuss the potential translational implications and challenges of epigenetics in the context of MAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bayoumi
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gjorgjieva M, Sobolewski C, Dolicka D, Correia de Sousa M, Foti M. miRNAs and NAFLD: from pathophysiology to therapy. Gut 2019; 68:2065-2079. [PMID: 31300518 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a thorough reprogramming of hepatic metabolism. Epigenetic mechanisms, in particular those associated with deregulation of the expressions and activities of microRNAs (miRNAs), play a major role in metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD and their progression towards more severe stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the recent progress addressing the role of the many facets of complex miRNA regulatory networks in the development and progression of NAFLD. The basic concepts and mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation as well as the various setbacks encountered in basic and translational research in this field are debated. miRNAs identified so far, whose expressions/activities are deregulated in NAFLD, and which contribute to the outcomes of this pathology are further reviewed. Finally, the potential therapeutic usages in a short to medium term of miRNA-based strategies in NAFLD, in particular to identify non-invasive biomarkers, or to design pharmacological analogues/inhibitors having a broad range of actions on hepatic metabolism, are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Circulating miRNAs as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 2019:2096161. [PMID: 31531307 PMCID: PMC6720843 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2096161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent studies have indicated that circulating miRNAs could serve as accurate biomarkers for diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to assess the evidence on the probability of circulating miRNAs as new diagnostic biomarkers in patients with NAFLD. METHODS We comprehensively retrieved relevant English literature from the databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 2000 to 1 January 2019. The diagnostic accuracy of circulating miRNAs as markers for NAFLD was analyzed. Moreover, we evaluated the methodological quality of the included article. STATA was applied to perform statistical analyses. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, 17 studies that enrolled 1408 patients of NAFLD and 926 healthy people from 6 articles were analyzed. We constructed a summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curve of all circulating miRNAs, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.83, with the pooled sensitivity (SEN) 0.70 and the pooled specificity (SPE) 0.82 in distinguishing patients with NAFLD from healthy controls. Among them, miR-122 showed high diagnostic accuracy, with the diagnostic index of pooled SEN, SPE, and AUC being 0.88, 0.66, and 0.86, respectively. We then performed subgroup analyses based on the mode of miRNA regulation, countries, miRNA profiling, sample size, and male proportion. We then did a regression analysis and found the cause of heterogeneity might be miRNA profiling. Finally, publication bias was not found, and Fagan's nomogram showed valuable clinical utility. CONCLUSION Circulating miRNAs, especially miR-122, might be promising diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD with high-accuracy, and more large-sample studies are required to support the above findings in the future.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ortiz-Dosal A, Rodil-García P, Salazar-Olivo LA. Circulating microRNAs in human obesity: a systematic review. Biomarkers 2019; 24:499-509. [PMID: 30990364 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1606279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Differential expression profiles of microRNAs have been reported in human obesity suggesting a miRNAs role in the development of obesity and associated disorders. Objective: To review circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) dysregulated in human obesity and to predict their possible target genes. Methods: We performed a systematic review on PubMed database (PROSPERO, CRD42017077742) for original works on c-miRNAs and human obesity and recorded c-miRNAs with differential expression profiles. Potential target genes and metabolic pathways for dysregulated miRNAs with at least two independent reports were searched using bioinformatic tools. Results: Twenty-two c-miRNAs are overexpressed, nine underexpressed and two c-miRNAs dysregulated in both directions in people with obesity compared to lean controls. Bioinformatic analyses suggest these c-miRNAs target on genes associated with fatty acid metabolism and PI3k/Akt pathway. Conclusion: Literature records 33 c-miRNAs confirmedly dysregulated in human obesity. Their predicted target genes are involved in pathways that could explain the development of obesity and its comorbidities. Further research will clarify the role of these miRNAs on metabolic diseases and their usefulness for the prognosis, prevention and treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ortiz-Dosal
- a Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Potosino of Scientific and Technological Research , San Luis Potosí , México
| | - Patricia Rodil-García
- a Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Potosino of Scientific and Technological Research , San Luis Potosí , México
| | - Luis A Salazar-Olivo
- a Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Potosino of Scientific and Technological Research , San Luis Potosí , México
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Role of Noncoding RNA in Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8690592. [PMID: 30931332 PMCID: PMC6413411 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8690592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in prevalence globally, but little is known about its specific molecular mechanisms. During the past decade, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been linked to NAFLD initiation and progression. They are a class of RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression despite not encoding proteins. This review summarizes recent research on the relationship between ncRNAs and NAFLD. We discussed the potential applicability of ncRNAs as a biomarker for early NAFLD diagnosis and assessment of disease severity. With further study, ncRNAs should prove to be valuable new targets for NAFLD treatment and benefit the development of noninvasive diagnostic methods.
Collapse
|
37
|
A New Insight into the Roles of MiRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7372636. [PMID: 30648107 PMCID: PMC6311798 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7372636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which includes several clinical components such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, hypertension, proinflammatory state, and oxidative stress (OS), has become a global epidemic health issue contributing to a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs), used as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy, have aroused global interest in complex processes in health and diseases, including MetS and its components. MiRNAs can exist stably in serum, liver, skeletal muscle (SM), heart muscle, adipose tissue (AT), and βcells, because of their ability to escape the digestion of RNase. Here we first present an overall review on recent findings of the relationship between miRNAs and several main components of MetS, such as IR, obesity, diabetes, lipid metabolism, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and stress, to illustrate the targeting proteins or relevant pathways that are involved in the progress of MetS and also help us find promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu CH, Ampuero J, Gil-Gómez A, Montero-Vallejo R, Rojas Á, Muñoz-Hernández R, Gallego-Durán R, Romero-Gómez M. miRNAs in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2018; 69:1335-1348. [PMID: 30142428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS microRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and have been proposed as useful markers for the diagnosis and stratification of disease severity. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify the potential usefulness of miRNA biomarkers in the diagnosis and stratification of NAFLD severity. METHODS After a systematic review, circulating miRNA expression consistency and mean fold-changes were analysed using a vote-counting strategy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were pooled using a bivariate meta-analysis. Deeks' funnel plot was used to assess the publication bias. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies of miRNA expression profiles and six studies of diagnostic accuracy were ultimately included in the quantitative analysis. miRNA-122 and miRNA-192 showed consistent upregulation. miRNA-122 was upregulated in every scenario used to distinguish NAFLD severity. The miRNA expression correlation between the serum and liver tissue was inconsistent across studies. miRNA-122 distinguished NAFLD from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.89), and miRNA-34a distinguished non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.88). CONCLUSION miRNA-34a, miRNA-122 and miRNA-192 were identified as potential diagnostic markers to segregate NAFL from NASH. Both miRNA-122, in distinguishing NAFLD from healthy controls, and miRNA-34a, in distinguishing NASH from NAFL, showed moderate diagnostic accuracy. miRNA-122 was upregulated in every scenario of NAFL, NASH and fibrosis. LAY SUMMARY: microRNAs are deregulated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The microRNAs, miRNA-34a, miRNA-122 and miRNA-192, were identified as potential biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, at different stages of disease severity. The correlation between miRNA expression in the serum and in liver tissue was inconsistent, or even inverse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hai Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; Unit of Digestive Diseases and Ciberehd, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Montero-Vallejo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ángela Rojas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; Unit of Digestive Diseases and Ciberehd, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
López-Riera M, Conde I, Quintas G, Pedrola L, Zaragoza Á, Perez-Rojas J, Salcedo M, Benlloch S, Castell JV, Jover R. Non-invasive prediction of NAFLD severity: a comprehensive, independent validation of previously postulated serum microRNA biomarkers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10606. [PMID: 30006517 PMCID: PMC6045608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver biopsy is currently the only reliable method to establish nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity. However, this technique is invasive and occasionally associated with severe complications. Thus, non-invasive diagnostic markers for NAFLD are needed. Former studies have postulated 18 different serum microRNA biomarkers with altered levels in NAFLD patients. In the present study, we have re-examined the predictive value of these serum microRNAs and found that 9 of them (miR-34a, -192, -27b, -122, -22, -21, -197, -30c and -16) associated to NAFLD severity in our independent cohort. Moreover, miR-192, -27b, -22, -197 and -30c appeared specific for NAFLD, when compared with patients with drug-induced liver injury. Preliminary serum RNAseq analysis allowed identifying novel potential miRNA biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The classification performance of validated miRNAs (and their ratios) for NASH was better than that reached by AST, whereas for advanced fibrosis prediction miRNAs did not perform better than the FIB-4 algorithm. Cross-validated models combining both clinical and miRNA variables showed enhanced predictivity. In conclusion, the circulating microRNAs validated demonstrate a better diagnostic potential than conventional serum markers to identify NASH patients and could complement and improve current fibrosis prediction algorithms. The research in this field is still open.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Conde
- Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Medicina Digestiva, Sección Hepatología, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintas
- Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Pedrola
- Unidad de Genómica, Servicio de Secuenciación, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela Zaragoza
- Medicina Digestiva, Sección Hepatología, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Judith Perez-Rojas
- Anatomía Patológica, Sección Hepatología, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Benlloch
- Medicina Digestiva, Sección Hepatología, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José V Castell
- Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Miao C, Xie Z, Chang J. Critical Roles of microRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Fatty Liver: New Advances, Challenges, and Potential Directions. Biochem Genet 2018; 56:423-449. [PMID: 29951838 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current understanding of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated modulation of the gene expression in the fatty liver as well as related signaling pathways. Because of the breadth and diversity of miRNAs, miRNAs may have a very wide variety of biological functions, and much evidence has confirmed that miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. In the pathophysiological mechanism of fatty liver, miRNAs may be regulated by upstream regulators, and have their own regulatory targets. miRNAs display important roles in the pathological mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. At present, most of the miRNA studies are focused on cell and tissue levels, and in vivo studies will help us elucidate the regulation of miRNAs and help us evaluate the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, there is evidence that miRNAs are involved in the mechanism of natural medicine treatment in fatty liver. Given the important roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of fatty liver, we predict that studies of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of fatty liver will contribute to the elucidation of fatty liver pathology and the treatment of fatty liver patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science and Technology of Tea and Food, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Chang
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhu M, Wang Q, Zhou W, Liu T, Yang L, Zheng P, Zhang L, Ji G. Integrated analysis of hepatic mRNA and miRNA profiles identified molecular networks and potential biomarkers of NAFLD. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7628. [PMID: 29769539 PMCID: PMC5955949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance our understanding of molecular mechanisms and mine novel biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), RNA sequencing was performed to gain hepatic expression profiles of mRNAs and miRNAs in NAFLD and normal rats. Using DESeq with thresholds of a two-fold change and a false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.05, 336 mRNAs and 21 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed. Among those, 17 miRNAs (e.g., miR-144-3p, miR-99a-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-200c-3p, etc.) might serve as novel biomarkers of NAFLD. MiRNA target genes (13565) were predicted by the miRWalk database. Using DAVID 6.8, the intersection (195 genes) of differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNA-predicted target genes were enriched in 47 gene ontology (GO) terms and 28 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Using Cytoscape, pathway interaction and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed, and hub genes (e.g., Abcg8, Cyp1a1, Cyp51, Hmgcr, etc.) associated with NAFLD were obtained. Moreover, 673 miRNA-mRNA negative regulatory pairs were obtained, and networks were constructed. Finally, several representative miRNAs and mRNAs were validated by real-time qPCR. In conclusion, potential molecular mechanisms of NAFLD could be inferred from integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA profiles, which may indicate novel biomarkers of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Zhu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qianlei Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang T, Pan W, Hu J, Zhang Z, Li G, Liang Y. Circular RNAs in Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1087:275-285. [PMID: 30259374 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases include diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circular RNA is a new type of RNA that is different from traditional linear RNA and has a closed loop structure. However, the function of circular RNA is not yet well elucidated in metabolic diseases. Only a few studies have reported about the relationship between circular RNA and metabolic diseases such as DM and NAFLD. This chapter presents a brief review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, or treatment of DM and NAFLD and then discusses the relationship between circular RNA and DM or NAFLD. Besides, this chapter further provides an updated discussion of the most relevant discoveries regarding circular RNA and their potential applications in molecular diagnostics, nucleic acid therapy, and biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongrong Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yajun Liang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Systematic integrative analysis of gene expression identifies HNF4A as the central gene in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189223. [PMID: 29216278 PMCID: PMC5720788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the Western world, and encompasses a spectrum from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). There is currently no approved pharmacologic therapy against NASH, partly due to an incomplete understanding of its molecular basis. The goal of this study was to determine the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as those genes and pathways central to its pathogenesis. We performed an integrative computational analysis of publicly available gene expression data in NASH from GEO (GSE17470, GSE24807, GSE37031, GSE89632). The DEGs were identified using GEOquery, and only the genes present in at least three of the studies, to a total of 190 DEGs, were considered for further analyses. The pathways, networks, molecular interactions, functional analyses were generated through the use of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). For selected networks, we computed the centrality using igraph package in R. Among the statistically significant predicted networks (p-val < 0.05), three were of most biological interest: the first is involved in antimicrobial response, inflammatory response and immunological disease, the second in cancer, organismal injury and development and the third in metabolic diseases. We discovered that HNF4A is the central gene in the network of NASH connected to metabolic diseases and that it regulates HNF1A, an additional transcription regulator also involved in lipid metabolism. Therefore, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that HNF4A is central to the pathogenesis of NASH. This adds to previous literature demonstrating that HNF4A regulates the transcription of genes involved in the progression of NAFLD, and that HNF4A genetic variants play a potential role in NASH progression.
Collapse
|
44
|
Auguet T, Aragonès G, Berlanga A, Martínez S, Sabench F, Binetti J, Aguilar C, Porras JA, Molina A, Del Castillo D, Richart C. Hepcidin in morbidly obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187065. [PMID: 29065180 PMCID: PMC5655438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries. Both iron and lipid metabolism seem to be involved in its pathogenesis. We aimed to assess the relationship between levels of hepcidin, the master iron-regulatory protein, in plasma and the presence of NAFLD in morbidly obese (MO) patients, and to investigate the association between the hepatic expression of the main iron and lipid metabolism -related genes. Materials and methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure plasma hepcidin levels in 49 normal-weight control women, 23 MO women with normal liver (NL) histology and 46 MO women with NAFLD. The mRNA expression of hepcidin, the main iron metabolism-related genes, and the main lipid-metabolism genes was quantified by qRT-PCR in liver biopsies from members of the MO group undergoing bariatric surgery. Results Circulating hepcidin levels were significantly greater in MO than in normal-weight control women. However, there were no significant differences between MO women with NL and those with NAFLD. PCR analysis showed increased expression of hepcidin, FPN1, TfR1 and TfR2 in the liver of MO NAFLD women compared to those with NL. Moreover, a positive association of hepatic hepcidin mRNA expression and the iron metabolism-related genes was found with some key genes involved in the lipid metabolism. Conclusion These findings suggest that circulating hepcidin levels are associated with obesity but not with the presence of NAFLD. However, the hepatic expression of hepcidin and the iron metabolism-related genes seem to play a role in regulating lipid metabolism pathways in liver, which has implications for NAFLD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Auguet
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
- * E-mail: (TA); (CR)
| | - Gemma Aragonès
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alba Berlanga
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Servei d’ Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Jessica Binetti
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Porras
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alicia Molina
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
- * E-mail: (TA); (CR)
| |
Collapse
|