1
|
Guo Y, Liu W, Xiao D, Zhang S, Li Z, Luo K, Luo G, Tan H. A novel multitrophic biofloc technology for duckweed and Megalobrama amblycephala integrated culture: Improving nutrient utilization and animal welfare. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173239. [PMID: 38750742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Biofloc technology (BFT) is an eco-friendly aquaculture model that utilizes zero-exchange water. In this study, we investigated the integration of duckweed into BFT in an effort to enhance nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon utilization and to improve animal welfare for cultivating Megalobrama amblycephala. The experiment spanned 75 days, comparing a group of M. amblycephala supplemented with duckweed (DM) to a control group (CG) with no supplementation, where duckweed consumption relied solely on the feeding behavior of the fish. The concentrations of nitrate, total nitrogen, and phosphorus accumulation were lower in the DM than in the CG from day 45 onwards, with differences of 16.19, 26.90, and 1.45 mg/L, respectively, at the end of the experiment. The DM showed simultaneous increases of 5.77, 11.20, and 5.07 % in the absolute utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon, respectively. The abundance of TM7a (10.27 %), linked to nitrate absorption, became the dominant genus in the water of the DM. Additionally, the abundance of Cetobacterium, associated with carbohydrate digestion, was significantly higher in gut of the DM (23.83 %) than in the gut of CG (1.24 %, P < 0.05). Supplementing the diet of M. amblycephala with duckweed improved digestion and antioxidant enzyme activity. Transcriptome data showed that duckweed supplementation resulted in an increase in the expression of genes related to protein digestion and absorption and carbohydrate metabolism in M. amblycephala, and analysis of the significantly enriched pathways further supported improved antioxidant capacity. Based on the above results, we concluded that as M. amblycephala consumes more duckweed, the differences in nitrogen and phosphorus levels between the DM and CG would continue to increase, along with a simultaneous increase in fixed carbon. Thus, this study achieved the goal of recycling BFT resources and improving animal welfare by integrating duckweed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Guo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchang Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China; China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, 201306 Shanghai, China,.
| | - Dingdong Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifan Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Kunfeng Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Guozhi Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China; China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxin Tan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China; China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals, 201306 Shanghai, China,.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Xiong F, Zhang S, Liu J, Gao G, Xie J, Wang Y. Oligonucleotide therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102184. [PMID: 38665220 PMCID: PMC11044058 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a severe disease subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is thought to be highly associated with systemic metabolic abnormalities. It is characterized by a series of substantial liver damage, including hepatocellular steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The end stage of NASH, in some cases, may result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nowadays a large number of investigations are actively under way to test various therapeutic strategies, including emerging oligonucleotide drugs (e.g., antisense oligonucleotide, small interfering RNA, microRNA, mimic/inhibitor RNA, and small activating RNA) that have shown high potential in treating this fatal liver disease. This article systematically reviews the pathogenesis of NASH/NAFLD, the promising druggable targets proven by current studies in chemical compounds or biological drug development, and the feasibility and limitations of oligonucleotide-based therapeutic approaches under clinical or pre-clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Songbo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mostosi D, Molinaro M, Saccone S, Torrente Y, Villa C, Farini A. Exploring the Gut Microbiota-Muscle Axis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5589. [PMID: 38891777 PMCID: PMC11171690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining the dynamic balance of intestinal epithelial and immune cells, crucial for overall organ homeostasis. Dysfunctions in these intricate relationships can lead to inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recent findings uncovered the existence of a gut-muscle axis, revealing how alterations in the gut microbiota can disrupt regulatory mechanisms in muscular and adipose tissues, triggering immune-mediated inflammation. In the context of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), alterations in intestinal permeability stand as a potential origin of molecules that could trigger muscle degeneration via various pathways. Metabolites produced by gut bacteria, or fragments of bacteria themselves, may have the ability to migrate from the gut into the bloodstream and ultimately infiltrate distant muscle tissues, exacerbating localized pathologies. These insights highlight alternative pathological pathways in DMD beyond the musculoskeletal system, paving the way for nutraceutical supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy. Understanding the complex interplay between the gut microbiota, immune system, and muscular health offers new perspectives for therapeutic interventions beyond conventional approaches to efficiently counteract the multifaceted nature of DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Mostosi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Monica Molinaro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabrina Saccone
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Andrea Farini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Díaz-Guerra A, Villena-Gutiérrez R, Clemente-Moragón A, Gómez M, Oliver E, Fernández-Tocino M, Galán-Arriola C, Cádiz L, Ibáñez B. Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity Induces Progressive Changes in Myocardial Metabolism and Mitochondrial Quality Control: Novel Therapeutic Target. JACC CardioOncol 2024; 6:217-232. [PMID: 38774018 PMCID: PMC11103041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) debilitates quality of life in cancer survivors. Serial characterizations are lacking of the molecular processes occurring with AIC. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize AIC progression in a mouse model from early (subclinical) to advanced heart failure stages, with an emphasis on cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial structure and function. Methods CD1 mice received 5 weekly intraperitoneal doxorubicin injections (5 mg/kg) and were followed by serial echocardiography for 15 weeks. At 1, 9, and 15 weeks after the doxorubicin injections, mice underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and hearts were extracted for microscopy and molecular analysis. Results Cardiac atrophy was evident at 1 week post-doxorubicin (left ventricular [LV] mass 117 ± 26 mg vs 97 ± 25 mg at baseline and 1 week, respectively; P < 0.001). Cardiac mass nadir was observed at week 3 post-doxorubicin (79 ± 16 mg; P = 0.002 vs baseline), remaining unchanged thereafter. Histology confirmed significantly reduced cardiomyocyte area (167 ± 19 μm2 in doxorubicin-treated mice vs 211 ± 26 μm2 in controls; P = 0.004). LV ejection fraction declined from week 6 post-doxorubicin (49% ± 9% vs 61% ± 9% at baseline; P < 0.001) until the end of follow-up at 15 weeks (43% ± 8%; P < 0.001 vs baseline). At 1 week post-doxorubicin, when LV ejection fraction remained normal, reduced cardiac metabolism was evident from down-regulated markers of fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis. Metabolic impairment continued to the end of follow-up in parallel with reduced mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. A transient early up-regulation of nutrient-sensing and mitophagy markers were observed, which was associated with mitochondrial enlargement. Later stages, when mitophagy was exhausted, were characterized by overt mitochondrial fragmentation. Conclusions Cardiac atrophy, global hypometabolism, early transient-enhanced mitophagy, biogenesis, and nutrient sensing constitute candidate targets for AIC prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Díaz-Guerra
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Agustín Clemente-Moragón
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Tocino
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Galán-Arriola
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cádiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ke Q, Xiao Y, Liu D, Shi C, Shen R, Qin S, Jiang L, Yang J, Zhou Y. PPARα/δ dual agonist H11 alleviates diabetic kidney injury by improving the metabolic disorders of tubular epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116076. [PMID: 38387308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is responsible for nearly half of all end-stage kidney disease and kidney failure is a major driver of mortality among patients with diabetes. To date, few safe and effective drugs are available to reverse the decline of kidney function. Kidney tubules producing energy by fatty acid metabolism are pivotal in development and deterioration of DKD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), comprising PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ play a senior role in the pathogenesis of DKD for their functions in glycemic control and lipid metabolism; whereas systemic activation of PPARγ causes serious side-effects in clinical settings. Compound H11 was a potent PPARα and PPARδ (PPARα/δ) dual agonist with potent and well-balanced PPARα/δ agonistic activity and a high selectivity over PPARγ. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of compound H11 were determined in a db/db mouse model of diabetes. Expressions of PPARα and PPARδ in nuclei of tubules were markedly reduced in diabetes. Transcriptional changes of tubular cells showed that H11 was an effective PPARα/δ dual agonist taking effects both in vivo and in vitro. Systemic administration of H11 showed glucose tolerance and lipid metabolic benefits in db/db mice. Moreover, H11 treatment exerted protective effects on diabetic kidney injury. In addition to fatty acid metabolism, H11 also regulated diabetes-induced metabolic alternations of branch chain amino acid degradation and glycolysis. The present study demonstrated a crucial role of H11 in regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism in glucose-treated tubular cells. Overall, compound H11 holds therapeutic promise for DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ke
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Caifeng Shi
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Songyan Qin
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
García A, Vila L, Duplan I, Schiel MA, Enriz RD, Hennuyer N, Staels B, Cabedo N, Cortes D. Benzopyran hydrazones with dual PPARα/γ or PPARα/δ agonism and an anti-inflammatory effect on human THP-1 macrophages. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116125. [PMID: 38185055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a major role in regulating inflammatory processes, and dual or pan-PPAR agonists with PPARγ partial activation have been recognised to be useful to manage both metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Previous works have demonstrated the capacity of 2-prenylated benzopyrans as PPAR ligands. Herein, we have replaced the isoprenoid bond by hydrazone, a highly attractive functional group in medicinal chemistry. In an attempt to discover novel and safety PPAR activators, we efficiently prepared benzopyran hydrazone/hydrazine derivatives containing benzothiazole (series 1) or 5-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridine moiety (series 2) with a 3- or 7-carbon side chain at the 2-position of the benzopyran nucleus. Benzopyran hydrazones 4 and 5 showed dual hPPARα/γ agonism, while hydrazone 14 exerted dual hPPARα/δ agonism. These three hydrazones greatly attenuated inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and MCP-1 on the THP-1 macrophages via NF-κB activation. Therefore, we have discovered novel hits (4, 5 and 14), containing a hydrazone framework with dual PPARα/γ or PPARα/δ partial agonism, depending on the length of the side chain. Benzopyran hydrazones emerge as potential lead compounds which could be useful for treating metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa García
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Vila
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabelle Duplan
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - María Ayelén Schiel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET, Chacabuco, 917-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET, Chacabuco, 917-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nuria Cabedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Diego Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Choi YJ, Johnson JD, Lee JJ, Song J, Matthews M, Hellerstein MK, McWherter CA. Seladelpar combined with complementary therapies improves fibrosis, inflammation, and liver injury in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G120-G132. [PMID: 38014444 PMCID: PMC11208022 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00158.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Seladelpar, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) agonist, improves markers of hepatic injury in human liver diseases, but histological improvement of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis has been challenging with any single agent. To discover how complementary agents could work with seladelpar to achieve optimal outcomes, this study evaluated a variety of therapeutics (alone and in combination) in a mouse model of NASH. Mice on a high-fat amylin liver NASH (AMLN) diet were treated for 12 wk with seladelpar, GLP-1-R (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor) agonist liraglutide, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor selonsertib, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist obeticholic acid, and with seladelpar in combination with liraglutide or selonsertib. Seladelpar treatment markedly improved plasma markers of liver function. Seladelpar alone or in combination resulted in stark reductions in liver fibrosis (hydroxyproline, new collagen synthesis rate, mRNA indices of fibrosis, and fibrosis staining) compared with vehicle and the other single agents. Robust reductions in liver steatosis were also observed. Seladelpar produced a reorganization of metabolic gene expression, particularly for those genes promoting peroxisomal and mitochondrial lipid oxidation. In summary, substantial improvements in NASH and NASH-induced fibrosis were observed with seladelpar alone and in combination with liraglutide in this model. Broad gene expression analysis suggests seladelpar should be effective in concert with diverse mechanisms of action.NEW & NOTEWORTHY NASH is a chronic, progressive, and increasingly problematic liver disease that has been resistant to treatment with individual therapeutics. In this study using a diet-induced mouse model of NASH, we found that the PPARδ agonist seladelpar reduced fibrosis and NASH pathology alone and in combinations with a GLP-1-R agonist (liraglutide) or an ASK1 inhibitor (selonsertib). Liver transcriptome analysis comparing each agent and coadministration suggests seladelpar should be effective in combination with a variety of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Choi
- CymaBay Therapeutics, Inc., Fremont, California, United States
| | - Jeff D Johnson
- CymaBay Therapeutics, Inc., Fremont, California, United States
| | - Jin-Ju Lee
- CymaBay Therapeutics, Inc., Fremont, California, United States
| | - Jiangao Song
- CymaBay Therapeutics, Inc., Fremont, California, United States
| | - Marcy Matthews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Pan Y, Zhao X, Wu S, Li F, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Zhou H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A key link between lipid metabolism and cancer progression. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:332-345. [PMID: 38142478 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipids represent the essential components of membranes, serve as fuels for high-energy processes, and play crucial roles in signaling and cellular function. One of the key hallmarks of cancer is the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, especially abnormal lipid metabolism. Alterations in lipid uptake, lipid desaturation, de novo lipogenesis, lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells all contribute to cell survival in a changing microenvironment by regulating feedforward oncogenic signals, key oncogenic functions, oxidative and other stresses, immune responses, or intercellular communication. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors activated by fatty acids and act as core lipid sensors involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and cell fate. In addition to regulating whole-body energy homeostasis in physiological states, PPARs play a key role in lipid metabolism in cancer, which is receiving increasing research attention, especially the fundamental molecular mechanisms and cancer therapies targeting PPARs. In this review, we discuss how cancer cells alter metabolic patterns and regulate lipid metabolism to promote their own survival and progression through PPARs. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting PPARs in cancer based on recent studies from the last five years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao T, Ma A, Huang Z, Liu Z, Sun Z, Zhu L, Chang H. pparβ regulates lipid catabolism by mediating acox and cpt-1 genes in Scophthalmus maximus under heat stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:295-305. [PMID: 38386263 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (pparβ) is a key gene-regulating lipid metabolism pathway, but its function in turbot remains unclear. In this study, the CDS of pparβ was cloned from kidney for the first time. The CDS sequence length was 1533 bp encoding 510 amino acids. Structural analysis showed that the pparβ protein contained a C4 zinc finger and HOLI domain, suggesting that the pparβ gene of turbot has high homology with the PPAR gene of other species. The high expression patterns of pparβ, acox, and cpt-1 at high temperatures, as shown through qPCR, indicated that high temperatures activated the transcriptional activity of pparβ and increased the activity of the acox and cpt-1 genes. The expression of acox and cpt-1 was significantly inhibited when pparβ was downregulated using RNAi technology and inhibitor treatments, suggesting that pparβ positively regulated acox and cpt-1 expression at high temperatures and, thus, modulates lipid catabolism activity. These results demonstrate that pparβ is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism at high temperatures and expand a new perspective for studying the regulation of lipid metabolism in stress environments of teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhibin Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liguang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Haowen Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amirinejad A, Khayyatzadeh SS, Rezaeivandchali N, Gheibihayat SM. Efferocytosis and Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:751-757. [PMID: 37431902 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230710120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is distinguished by the simultaneous presence of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity, is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVDs), mortality, and illness burden. Eliminating about one million cells per second in the human body, apoptosis conserves homeostasis and regulates the life cycle of organisms. In the physiological condition, the apoptotic cells internalize to the phagocytes by a multistep process named efferocytosis. Any impairment in the clearance of these apoptotic cells results in conditions related to chronic inflammation, such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. On the other hand, insulin resistance and MetS can disturb the efferocytosis process. Since no study investigated the relationship between efferocytosis and MetS, we decided to explore the different steps of efferocytosis and describe how inefficient dead cell clearance is associated with the progression of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amirinejad
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Noushin Rezaeivandchali
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Changizi Z, Kajbaf F, Moslehi A. An Overview of the Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors in Liver Diseases. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1542-1552. [PMID: 38161499 PMCID: PMC10752810 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a superfamily of nuclear transcription receptors, consisting of PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, which are highly expressed in the liver. They control and modulate the expression of a large number of genes involved in metabolism and energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and even apoptosis in the liver. Therefore, they have critical roles in the pathophysiology of hepatic diseases. This review provides a general insight into the role of PPARs in liver diseases and some of their agonists in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Changizi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Forough Kajbaf
- Veterinary Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang XF, Shang DJ. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in lipid metabolism and inflammation in atherosclerosis. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1469-1487. [PMID: 37369936 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease events are the result of functional and structural abnormalities in the arteries and heart. Atherosclerosis is the main cause and pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease associated with dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, among which dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation occur in all processes. Under the influence of lipoproteins, the arterial intima causes inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, and calcification, leading to plaque formation in specific parts of the artery, which further develops into plaque rupture and secondary thrombosis. Foam cell formation from macrophages is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. Lipid uptake causes a vascular inflammatory response, and persistent inflammatory infiltration in the lesion area further promotes the development of the disease. Inhibition of macrophage differentiation into foam cell and reduction of the level of proinflammatory factors in macrophages can effectively alleviate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that plays an important antiatherosclerotic role by regulating triglyceride metabolism, lipid uptake, cholesterol efflux, macrophage polarity, and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, PPARγ shifts its binding to ligands and co-activators or co-repressors of transcription of target genes through posttranslational modification, thereby affecting the regulation of its downstream target genes. Many ligand agonists have also been developed targeting PPARγ. In this review, we summarized the role of PPARγ in lipid metabolism and inflammation in development of atherosclerosis, the posttranslational regulatory mechanism of PPARγ, and further discusses the value of PPARγ as an antiatherosclerosis target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Yang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - De-Jing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He H, Zhong Y, Wang H, Tang PMK, Xue VW, Chen X, Chen J, Huang X, Wang C, Lan H. Smad3 Mediates Diabetic Dyslipidemia and Fatty Liver in db/db Mice by Targeting PPARδ. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11396. [PMID: 37511155 PMCID: PMC10380492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling has been shown to play important roles in fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Smad3 in dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes remains unclear, and whether targeting Smad3 has a therapeutic effect on these metabolic abnormalities remains unexplored. These topics were investigated in this study in Smad3 knockout (KO)-db/db mice and by treating db/db mice with a Smad3-specific inhibitor SIS3. Compared to Smad3 wild-type (WT)-db/db mice, Smad3 KO-db/db mice were protected against dyslipidemia and NAFLD. Similarly, treatment of db/db mice with SIS3 at week 4 before the onset of type 2 diabetes until week 12 was capable of lowering blood glucose levels and improving diabetic dyslipidemia and NAFLD. In addition, using RNA-sequencing, the potential Smad3-target genes related to lipid metabolism was identified in the liver tissues of Smad3 KO/WT mice, and the regulatory mechanisms were investigated. Mechanistically, we uncovered that Smad3 targeted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) to induce dyslipidemia and NAFLD in db/db mice, which was improved by genetically deleting and pharmacologically inhibiting Smad3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijun He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Honglian Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Vivian Weiwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jiaoyi Chen
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaoru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Huiyao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen HX, Wang XC, Hou HT, Wang J, Yang Q, Chen YL, Chen HZ, He GW. Lysine crotonylation of SERCA2a correlates to cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmia in Sirt1 cardiac-specific knockout mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125151. [PMID: 37270127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important regulators of protein functions and produce proteome complexity. SIRT1 has NAD+-dependent deacylation of acyl-lysine residues. The present study aimed to explore the correlation between lysine crotonylation (Kcr) on cardiac function and rhythm in Sirt1 cardiac-specific knockout (ScKO) mice and related mechanism. Quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of Kcr were performed in the heart tissue of ScKO mice established with a tamoxifen-inducible Cre-loxP system. The expression and enzyme activity of crotonylated protein were assessed by western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and cell biology experiment. Echocardiography and electrophysiology were performed to investigate the influence of decrotonylation on cardiac function and rhythm in ScKO mice. The Kcr of SERCA2a was significantly increased on Lys120 (1.973 folds). The activity of SERCA2a decreased due to lower binding energy of crotonylated SERCA2a and ATP. Changes in expression of PPAR-related proteins suggest abnormal energy metabolism in the heart. ScKO mice had cardiac hypertrophy, impaired cardiac function, and abnormal ultrastructure and electrophysiological activities. We conclude that knockout of SIRT1 alters the ultrastructure of cardiac myocytes, induces cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, causes arrhythmia, and changes energy metabolism by regulating Kcr of SERCA2a. These findings provide new insight into the role of PTMs in heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xin Chen
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiang-Chong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qin Yang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuan-Lu Chen
- Department of Electrophysiology, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China; Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao L, Zhang M, Liu YW, Tan Y, Yin J, Chen Y, Chen D, Ni B. Sinomenine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via a PPARβ/δ-dependent mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175838. [PMID: 37307937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that sinomenine and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) are effective against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) via anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is unknown whether PPARβ/δ plays a role in the protective effect of sinomenine on ALI. Here, we initially observed that preemptive administration of sinomenine markedly alleviated lung pathological changes, pulmonary edema and neutrophil infiltration, accompanied by inhibition of the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which were largely reversed following the addition of a PPARβ/δ antagonist. Subsequently, we also noticed that sinomenine upregulated adenosine A2A receptor expression in a PPARβ/δ-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Further investigation indicated that PPARβ/δ directly bound to the functional peroxisome proliferator responsive element (PPRE) in the adenosine A2A receptor gene promoter region to enhance the expression of the adenosine A2A receptor. Sinomenine was identified as a PPARβ/δ agonist. It could bind with PPARβ/δ, and promote the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of PPARβ/δ. In addition, combined treatment with sinomenine and an adenosine A2A receptor agonist exhibited synergistic effects and better protective roles than their single use against ALI. Taken together, our results reveal that sinomenine exerts advantageous effects on ALI by activating of PPARβ/δ, with the subsequent upregulation of adenosine A2A receptor expression, and provide a novel and potential therapeutic application for ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang-Wuyue Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Dewei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China; Department of High Altitude Physiology & Biology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Feng Z, Xiang J, Sun G, Liu H, Wang Y, Liu X, Feng J, Xu Q, Wen X, Yuan H, Sun H, Dai L. Discovery of the First Subnanomolar PPARα/δ Dual Agonist for the Treatment of Cholestatic Liver Diseases. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37243609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors α/δ (PPARα/δ) are considered as potential drug targets for cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) via ameliorating hepatic cholestasis, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this work, we developed a series of hydantoin derivatives as potent PPARα/δ dual agonists. Representative compound V1 exhibited PPARα/δ dual agonistic activity at the subnanomolar level (PPARα EC50 = 0.7 nM; PPARδ EC50 = 0.4 nM) and showed excellent selectivity over other related nuclear receptors. The crystal structure revealed the binding mode of V1 and PPARδ at 2.1 Å resolution. Importantly, V1 demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and a good safety profile. Notably, V1 showed potent anti-CLD and antifibrotic effects in preclinical models at very low doses (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg). Collectively, this work provides a promising drug candidate for treating CLD and other hepatic fibrosis diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiehao Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing 401135, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marques P, Villarroel-Vicente C, Collado A, García A, Vila L, Duplan I, Hennuyer N, Garibotto F, Enriz RD, Dacquet C, Staels B, Piqueras L, Cortes D, Sanz MJ, Cabedo N. Anti-inflammatory effects and improved metabolic derangements in ob/ob mice by a newly synthesized prenylated benzopyran with pan-PPAR activity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106638. [PMID: 36586645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are widely used to treat metabolic complications; however, the limited effect of PPARα agonists on glucose metabolism and the adverse effects associated with selective PPARγ activators have stimulated the development of novel pan-PPAR agonists to treat metabolic disorders. Here, we synthesized a new prenylated benzopyran (BP-2) and evaluated its PPAR-activating properties, anti-inflammatory effects and impact on metabolic derangements. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH BP-2 was used in transactivation assays to evaluate its agonism to PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. A parallel-plate flow chamber was employed to investigate its effect on TNFα-induced leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to determine its effects on the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and chemokines and p38-MAPK/NF-κB activation. PPARs/RXRα interactions were determined using a gene silencing approach. Analysis of its impact on metabolic abnormalities and inflammation was performed in ob/ob mice. KEY RESULTS BP-2 displayed strong PPARα activity, with moderate and weak activity against PPARβ/δ and PPARγ, respectively. In vitro, BP-2 reduced TNFα-induced endothelial ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and fractalkine/CX3CL1 expression, suppressed mononuclear cell arrest via PPARβ/δ-RXRα interactions and decreased p38-MAPK/NF-κB activation. In vivo, BP-2 improved the circulating levels of glucose and triglycerides in ob/ob mice, suppressed T-lymphocyte/macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory markers in the liver and white adipose tissue, but increased the expression of the M2-like macrophage marker CD206. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS BP-2 emerges as a novel pan-PPAR lead candidate to normalize glycemia/triglyceridemia and minimize inflammation in metabolic disorders, likely preventing the development of further cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Villarroel-Vicente
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aida Collado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ainhoa García
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Vila
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabelle Duplan
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Francisco Garibotto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET, Chacabuco 917-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET, Chacabuco 917-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | | | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María-Jesús Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Cabedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Katturajan R, Kannampuzha S, Murali R, Namachivayam A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Prince SE. Exploring the Regulatory Role of ncRNA in NAFLD: A Particular Focus on PPARs. Cells 2022; 11:3959. [PMID: 36552725 PMCID: PMC9777112 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are responsible for global mortality and morbidity and are a significant cause of death worldwide. Consequently, the advancement of new liver disease targets is of great interest. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and long ncRNA (lncRNA), has been proven to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of virtually all acute and chronic liver disorders. Recent studies demonstrated the medical applications of miRNA in various phases of hepatic pathology. PPARs play a major role in regulating many signaling pathways involved in various metabolic disorders. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease in the world, encompassing a spectrum spanning from mild steatosis to severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). PPARs were found to be one of the major regulators in the progression of NAFLD. There is no recognized treatment for NAFLD, even though numerous clinical trials are now underway. NAFLD is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its frequency increases as obesity and diabetes become more prevalent. Reprogramming anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drugs is an effective therapy option for NAFLD and NASH. Several studies have also focused on the role of ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The regulatory effects of these ncRNAs make them a primary target for treatments and as early biomarkers. In this study, the main focus will be to understand the regulation of PPARs through ncRNAs and their role in NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramkumar Katturajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM, Karami N, Savardashtaki A, Butler AE, Rizzo M, Sahebkar A. The regulation of efferocytosis signaling pathways and adipose tissue homeostasis in physiological conditions and obesity: Current understanding and treatment options. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13487. [PMID: 35765849 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in the resolution of acute inflammation that contribute to the clinical complications. The exact mechanisms underlying unresolved inflammation in obesity are not fully understood. Adipocyte death leads to pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages, stimulating additional adipocyte apoptosis. Thus, a complex and tightly regulated process to inhibit inflammation and maintain homeostasis after adipocyte apoptosis is needed to maintain health. In normal condition, a specialized phagocytic process (efferocytosis) performs this function, clearing necrotic and apoptotic cells (ACs) and controlling inflammation. For efficient and continued efferocytosis, phagocytes must internalize multiple ACs in physiological conditions and handle the excess metabolic burden in adipose tissue. In obesity, this control is lost and can be an important hallmark of the disease. In this regard, the deficiency of efferocytosis leads to delayed resolution of acute inflammation and can result in ongoing inflammation, immune system dysfunction, and insulin resistance in obesity. Hence, efficient clearance of ACs by M2 macrophages could limit long-term inflammation and ensue clinical complications, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review elaborates upon the molecular mechanisms to identify efferocytosis regulators in obesity, and the mechanisms that can improve efferocytosis and reduce obesity-related complications, such as the use of pharmacological agents and regular exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Neda Karami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Espinosa-Jiménez T, Busquets O, Cano A, Sánchez-López E, Verdaguer E, Parcerisas A, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Folch J, Wahli W, Vázquez-Carrera M, Camins A, Ettcheto M. Peroxisomal Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ Deficiency Induces Cognitive Alterations. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902047. [PMID: 35899125 PMCID: PMC9310104 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ), the most PPAR abundant isotype in the central nervous system, is involved in microglial homeostasis and metabolism, whose disturbances have been demonstrated to play a key role in memory impairment. Although PPARβ/δ function is well-established in metabolism, its contribution to neuronal and specifically memory process is underexplored. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the role of PPARβ/δ in the neuropathological pathways involved in memory impairment and as to whether a risk factor implicated in memory loss such as obesity modulates neuropathological markers. To carry out this study, 6-month-old total knock-out for the Ppard gene male mice with C57BL/6X129/SV background (PPARβ/δ-/-) and wild-type (WT) littermates with the same genetic background were used. Animals were fed, after the weaning (at 21 days old), and throughout their growth, either conventional chow (CT) or a palmitic acid-enriched diet (HFD). Thus, four groups were defined: WT CT, WT HFD, PPARβ/δ-/- CT, and PPARβ/δ-/- HFD. Before sacrifice, novel object recognition test (NORT) and glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. After that, animals were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion or cervical dislocation. Different techniques, such as GolgiStain kit or immunofluorescence, were used to evaluate the role of PPARβ/δ in memory dysfunction. Our results showed a decrease in dendritic spine density and synaptic markers in PPARβ/δ-/- mice, which were corroborated in the NORT. Likewise, our study demonstrated that the lack of PPARβ/δ receptor enhances gliosis in the hippocampus, contributing to astrocyte and microglial activation and to the increase in neuroinflammatory biomarkers. Additionally, alterations in the hippocampal insulin receptor pathway were found. Interestingly, while some of the disturbances caused by the lack of PPARβ/δ were not affected by feeding the HFD, others were exacerbated or required the combination of both factors. Taken together, the loss of PPARβ/δ-/- affects neuronal and synaptic structure, contributing to memory dysfunction, and they also present this receptor as a possible new target for the treatment of memory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Triana Espinosa-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades—International University of Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Departament of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Folch
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Miren Ettcheto,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Natural PPARs agonists for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113127. [PMID: 35598367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a general term for a series of liver diseases including simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, which is closely related to metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is relatively complex, which has gradually changed from the previous 'two-hit' hypothesis to the current "multiple hits" hypothesis. However, there is currently no approved treatment for NAFLD in clinic, highlighting the urgent need for drug development. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, whose different subtypes have been proved to regulate different stages of NAFLD, thus becoming promising drug targets for NAFLD. As important sources of drug development, natural products have been proven to treat NAFLD through multiple pathways and multiple targets. In this paper, we outline the regulatory role of PPARs in NAFLD, and summarize some natural products that target PPARs to ameliorate NAFLD, in order to provide reference for drug development of NAFLD.
Collapse
|
23
|
Structural and functional characterization of turbot pparγ: Activation during high temperature and regulation of lipid metabolism. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Lange NF, Graf V, Caussy C, Dufour JF. PPAR-Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084305. [PMID: 35457120 PMCID: PMC9028563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, have been identified as key metabolic regulators in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, among others. As a leading cause of liver disease worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cause a significant burden worldwide and therapeutic strategies are needed. This review provides an overview of the evidence on PPAR-targeted treatment of NAFLD and NASH in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We considered current evidence from clinical trials and observational studies as well as the impact of treatment on comorbid metabolic conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Future areas of research, such as possible sexually dimorphic effects of PPAR-targeted therapies, are briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi F. Lange
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (N.F.L.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Vanessa Graf
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition, and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Cyrielle Caussy
- Univ Lyon, CarMen Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France;
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Centre des Maladies Digestives, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss NASH Foundation, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (N.F.L.); (J.-F.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou Z, Cai Z, Zhang C, Yang B, Chen L, He Y, Zhang L, Li Z. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dual FFA1 and PPARδ agonists possessing phenoxyacetic acid scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 56:116615. [PMID: 35051813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) have been widely considered as promising targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their respective roles in promoting insulin secretion and improving insulin sensitivity. Hence, the dual FFA1/PPARδ agonists may exert synergistic effects by simultaneously activating FFA1 and PPARδ. The present study performed systematic exploration around previously reported FFA1 agonist 2-(2-fluoro-4-((2'-methyl-4'-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methoxy)phenoxy)acetic acid (lead compound), leading to the identification of a novel dual FFA1/PPARδ agonist 2-(2-fluoro-4-((3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)benzyl)oxy)phenoxy)acetic acid (the optimal compound), which displayed high selectivity over PPARα and PPARγ. In addition, the docking study provided us with detailed binding modes of the optimal compound in FFA1 and PPARδ. Furthermore, the optimal compound exhibited greater glucose-lowering effects than lead compound, which might attribute to its synergistic effects by simultaneously modulating insulin secretion and resistance. Moreover, the optimal compound has an acceptable safety profile in the acute toxicity study at a high dose of 500 mg/kg Therefore, our results provided a novel dual FFA1/PPARδ agonist with excellent glucose-lowering effects in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Congzi Zhang
- Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University Of Science And Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China
| | - Benhui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lianru Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yepu He
- Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University Of Science And Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National Key Clinical Department (Clinical Pharmacy), The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Feng Z, Xiang J, Liu H, Li J, Xu X, Sun G, Zheng R, Zhang S, Liu J, Yang S, Xu Q, Wen X, Yuan H, Sun H, Dai L. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Triazolone Derivatives as Potent PPARα/δ Dual Agonists for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2571-2592. [PMID: 35060744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors α/δ (PPARα/δ) are regarded as potential therapeutic targets for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, PPARα/δ dual agonist GFT-505 exhibited poor anti-NASH effects in a phase III clinical trial, probably due to its weak PPARα/δ agonistic activity and poor metabolic stability. Other reported PPARα/δ dual agonists either exhibited limited potency or had unbalanced PPARα/δ agonistic activity. Herein, we report a series of novel triazolone derivatives as PPARα/δ dual agonists. Among them, compound H11 exhibited potent and well-balanced PPARα/δ agonistic activity (PPARα EC50 = 7.0 nM; PPARδ EC50 = 8.4 nM) and a high selectivity over PPARγ (PPARγ EC50 = 1316.1 nM) in PPAR transactivation assays. The crystal structure of PPARδ in complex with H11 revealed a unique PPARδ-agonist interaction. H11, which had excellent PK properties and a good safety profile, showed potent in vivo anti-NASH effects in preclinical models. Together, H11 holds a great promise for treating NASH or other inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiehao Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangrui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shangran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junlong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoliang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yarmohammadi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Targeting PPARs Signaling Pathways in Cardiotoxicity by Natural Compounds. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:281-291. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
28
|
Diagnostic value of PPARδ and miRNA-17 expression levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24136. [PMID: 34921177 PMCID: PMC8683395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PPARδ gene codes protein that belongs to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family engaged in a variety of biological processes, including carcinogenesis. Specific biological and clinical roles of PPARδ in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not fully explained. The association of PPARα with miRNA regulators (e.g. miRNA-17) has been documented, suggesting the existence of a functional relationship of all PPARs with epigenetic regulation. The aim of the study was to determine the PPARδ and miR-17 expression profiles in NSCLC and to assess their diagnostic value in lung carcinogenesis. PPARδ and miR-17 expressions was assessed by qPCR in NSCLC tissue samples (n = 26) and corresponding macroscopically unchanged lung tissue samples adjacent to the primary lesions served as control (n = 26). PPARδ and miR-17 expression were significantly lower in NSCLC than in the control (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0178; respectively). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the diagnostic potential in discriminating NSCLC from the control with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.914 for PPARδ and 0.692 for miR-17. Significant increase in PPARδ expression in the control for current smokers vs. former smokers (p = 0.0200) and increase in miR-17 expression in control tissue adjacent to adenocarcinoma subtype (p = 0.0422) were observed. Overexpression of miR-17 was observed at an early stage of lung carcinogenesis, which may suggest that it acts as a putative oncomiR. PPARδ and miR-17 may be markers differentiating tumour tissue from surgical margin and miR-17 may have diagnostic role in NSCLC histotypes differentiation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ma Y, Tan Z, Li Q, Fan W, Chen G, Bin Y, Zhou Y, Yi J, Luo X, Tan J, Si Z, Li J. Combined Analysis of Expression Profiles in a Mouse Model and Patients Identified BHMT2 as a New Regulator of Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:741710. [PMID: 34869329 PMCID: PMC8636031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.741710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic syndromes. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) plays a prominent role in hepatic lipid metabolism. This study combined the expression of liver genes in FXR knockout (KO) mice and MAFLD patients to identify new pathogenic pathways for MAFLD based on genome-wide transcriptional profiling. In addition, the roles of new target genes in the MAFLD pathogenic pathway were also explored. Two groups of differentially expressed genes were obtained from FXR-KO mice and MAFLD patients by transcriptional analysis of liver tissue samples. The similarities and differences between the two groups of differentially expressed genes were analyzed to identify novel pathogenic pathways and target genes. After the integration analysis of differentially expressed genes, we identified 134 overlapping genes, many of which have been reported to play an important role in lipid metabolism. Our unique analysis method of comparing differential gene expression between FXR-KO mice and patients with MAFLD is useful to identify target genes and pathways that may be strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. The overlapping genes with high specificity were screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through comparison and analysis with the GEO database, we determined that BHMT2 and PKLR could be highly correlated with MAFLD. Clinical data analysis and RNA interference testing in vitro confirmed that BHMT2 may a new regulator of lipid metabolism in MAFLD pathogenesis. These results may provide new ideas for understanding the pathogenesis of MAFLD and thus provide new targets for the treatment of MAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Ma
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenling Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Guangshun Chen
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangyang Bin
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junfang Yi
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongzhou Si
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiequn Li
- Department of Liver Transplant, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Transplant Medical Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Z, Ren Q, Zhou Z, Cai Z, Wang B, Han J, Zhang L. Discovery of the first-in-class dual PPARδ/γ partial agonist for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113807. [PMID: 34455359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) exert vital function in the regulation of energy metabolism, which were considered as promising targets of metabolic syndrome. Until now, PPARδ/γ dual agonist is rarely reported, and thereby the pharmacologic action of PPARδ/γ dual agonist is still unclear. In this study, we identified a dual PPARδ/γ partial agonist 6 (ZLY06) based on the cyclization strategy of PPARα/δ dual agonist GFT505. ZLY06 revealed excellent pharmacokinetic profiles suitable for oral medication. Moreover, ZLY06 markedly improved glucolipid metabolism without weight gain, and alleviated fatty liver by promoting the β-oxidation of fatty acid and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis. In contrast, weight gain and hepatic steatosis were observed in Rosiglitazone, a widely used PPARγ full agonist. All of these results indicated that ZLY06 exhibits potential benefits on metabolic syndrome, while no adverse effects related to PPARγ full agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zongtao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Orabi D, Berger NA, Brown JM. Abnormal Metabolism in the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Insights to Chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3473. [PMID: 34298687 PMCID: PMC8307710 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise and becoming a major contributor to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reasons for this include the rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome in contrast to the marked advances in prevention and treatment strategies of viral HCC. These shifts are expected to rapidly propel this trend even further in the coming decades, with NAFLD on course to become the leading etiology of end-stage liver disease and HCC. No Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications are currently available for the treatment of NAFLD, and advances are desperately needed. Numerous medications with varying mechanisms of action targeting liver steatosis and fibrosis are being investigated including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists. Additionally, drugs targeting components of metabolic syndrome, such as antihyperglycemics, have been found to affect NAFLD progression and are now being considered in the treatment of these patients. As NAFLD drug discovery continues, special attention should be given to their relationship to HCC. Several mechanisms in the pathogenesis of NAFLD have been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, and therapies aimed at NAFLD may additionally harbor independent antitumorigenic potential. This approach may provide novel prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nathan A. Berger
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Blunder S, Pavel P, Minzaghi D, Dubrac S. PPARdelta in Affected Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: A Possible Role in Metabolic Reprograming. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7354. [PMID: 34298981 PMCID: PMC8303290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors expressed in the skin. Three PPAR isotypes, α (NRC1C1), β or δ (NRC1C2) and γ (NRC1C3), have been identified. After activation through ligand binding, PPARs heterodimerize with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR), another nuclear hormone receptor, to bind to specific PPAR-responsive elements in regulatory regions of target genes mainly involved in organogenesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, inflammation and metabolism of lipids or carbohydrates. Endogenous PPAR ligands are fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. In past years, much emphasis has been given to PPARα and γ in skin diseases. PPARβ/δ is the least studied PPAR family member in the skin despite its key role in several important pathways regulating inflammation, keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, metabolism and the oxidative stress response. This review focuses on the role of PPARβ/δ in keratinocytes and its involvement in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, the relevance of targeting PPARβ/δ to alleviate skin inflammation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Epidermal Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.); (P.P.); (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Escandon P, Vasini B, Whelchel AE, Nicholas SE, Matlock HG, Ma JX, Karamichos D. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in healthy and diseased eyes. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108617. [PMID: 34010603 PMCID: PMC8594540 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that play essential roles in modulating cell differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha (PPARα), PPAR-gamma (PPARγ), and PPAR-beta/delta (PPARβ/δ). PPARα activation reduces lipid levels and regulates energy homeostasis, activation of PPARγ results in regulation of adipogenesis, and PPARβ/δ activation increases fatty acid metabolism and lipolysis. PPARs are linked to various diseases, including but not limited to diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glaucoma and atherosclerosis. In the past decade, numerous studies have assessed the functional properties of PPARs in the eye and key PPAR mechanisms have been discovered, particularly regarding the retina and cornea. PPARγ and PPARα are well established in their functions in ocular homeostasis regarding neuroprotection, neovascularization, and inflammation, whereas PPARβ/δ isoform function remains understudied. Naturally, studies on PPAR agonists and antagonists, associated with ocular pathology, have also gained traction with the development of PPAR synthetic ligands. Studies on PPARs has significantly influenced novel therapeutics for diabetic eye disease, ocular neuropathy, dry eye, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this review, therapeutic potentials and implications will be highlighted, as well as reported adverse effects. Further investigations are necessary before any of the PPARs ligands can be utilized, in the clinics, to treat eye diseases. Future research on the prominent role of PPARs will help unravel the complex mechanisms involved in order to prevent and treat ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Brenda Vasini
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Amy E Whelchel
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah E Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - H Greg Matlock
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, 1000 N Lincoln Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Eftekhari A, Arjmand A, Asheghvatan A, Švajdlenková H, Šauša O, Abiyev H, Ahmadian E, Smutok O, Khalilov R, Kavetskyy T, Cucchiarini M. The Potential Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Liver Fibrosis Theranostics. Front Chem 2021; 9:674786. [PMID: 34055744 PMCID: PMC8161198 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.674786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to chronic liver damage and leading to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. To date, there is no effective and specific therapy for patients with hepatic fibrosis. As a result of their various advantages such as biocompatibility, imaging contrast ability, improved tissue penetration, and superparamagnetic properties, magnetic nanoparticles have a great potential for diagnosis and therapy in various liver diseases including fibrosis. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and important factors for hepatic fibrosis and on potential magnetic nanoparticles-based therapeutics. New strategies for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis are also discussed, with a summary of the challenges and perspectives in the translational application of magnetic nanoparticles from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Eftekhari
- Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Surface Engineering, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Ondrej Šauša
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Huseyn Abiyev
- Department of Biochemistry, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Oleh Smutok
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Institute of Radiation Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Taras Kavetskyy
- Department of Surface Engineering, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mulica P, Grünewald A, Pereira SL. Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration: A Mitochondrial Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:668517. [PMID: 34025580 PMCID: PMC8138625 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.668517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence made clear that declining brain energetics contribute to aging and are implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Indeed, both pathologies involve instances of hypometabolism of glucose and oxygen in the brain causing mitochondrial dysfunction, energetic failure and oxidative stress. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that astrocytes, which play a key role in supporting neuronal function and metabolism, might contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, exploring how the neuro-supportive role of astrocytes may be impaired in the context of these disorders has great therapeutic potential. In the following, we will discuss some of the so far identified features underlining the astrocyte-neuron metabolic crosstalk. Thereby, special focus will be given to the role of mitochondria. Furthermore, we will report on recent advancements concerning iPSC-derived models used to unravel the metabolic contribution of astrocytes to neuronal demise. Finally, we discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes could contribute to inflammatory signaling in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mulica
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandro L. Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mazuecos L, Pintado C, Rubio B, Guisantes-Batán E, Andrés A, Gallardo N. Leptin, Acting at Central Level, Increases FGF21 Expression in White Adipose Tissue via PPARβ/δ. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4624. [PMID: 33924880 PMCID: PMC8124190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The altered function of adipose tissue can result in obesity, insulin resistance, and its metabolic complications. Leptin, acting on the central nervous system, modifies the composition and function of adipose tissue. To date, the molecular changes that occur in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) during chronic leptin treatment are not fully understood. Herein we aimed to address whether PPARβ/δ could mediate the metabolic actions induced by leptin in eWAT. To this end, male 3-month-old Wistar rats, infused intracerebroventricularly (icv) with leptin (0.2 μg/day) for 7 days, were daily co-treated intraperitoneally (ip) without or with the specific PPARβ/δ receptor antagonist GSK0660 (1 mg/kg/day). In parallel, we also administered GSK0660 to control rats fed ad libitum without leptin infusion. Leptin, acting at central level, prevented the starvation-induced increase in circulating levels of FGF21, while induced markedly the endogenous expression of FGF21 and browning markers of eWAT. Interestingly, GSK0660 abolished the anorectic effects induced by icv leptin leading to increased visceral fat mass and reduced browning capacity. In addition, the pharmacological inhibition of PPARβ/δ alters the immunomodulatory actions of central leptin on eWAT. In summary, our results demonstrate that PPARβ/δ is involved in the up-regulation of FGF21 expression induced by leptin in visceral adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mazuecos
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Pintado
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Blanca Rubio
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Eduardo Guisantes-Batán
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Antonio Andrés
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Nilda Gallardo
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lack of PPAR β/ δ-Inactivated SGK-1 Is Implicated in Liver Carcinogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9563851. [PMID: 33083492 PMCID: PMC7556072 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9563851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study examined the role of PPARβ/δ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The effect of PPARβ/δ on HCC development was analyzed using PPARβ/δ-overexpressed liver cancer cells and PPARβ/δ-knockout mouse models. Results PPARβ/δ(-/-) mice were susceptible to diethylnitrosamine- (DEN-) induced HCC (87.5% vs. 37.5%, p < 0.05). In addition, PPARβ/δ-overexpressed HepG2 cells had reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities accompanied by increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, differential gene expression profiling uncovered that the levels of serine/threonine-protein kinase (SGK-1) mRNA and its encoded protein were reduced in PPARβ/δ-overexpressed HepG2 cells. Consistently, elevated SGK-1 levels were found in PPARβ/δ(-/-) mouse livers as well as PPARβ/δ-knockdown human SMMC-7721 HCC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays followed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays further revealed the binding of PPARβ/δ to the SGK-1 regulatory region in HepG2 cells. Conclusions Due to the known tumor-promoting effect of SGK1, the present data suggest that PPARβ/δ-deactivated SGK1 is a novel pathway for inhibiting liver carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ren Q, Deng L, Zhou Z, Wang X, Hu L, Xie R, Li Z. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dual PPARα/δ agonists for the treatment of T2DM. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
39
|
Terraza-Aguirre C, Campos-Mora M, Elizondo-Vega R, Contreras-López RA, Luz-Crawford P, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Mechanisms behind the Immunoregulatory Dialogue between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Th17 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071660. [PMID: 32664207 PMCID: PMC7408034 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit potent immunoregulatory abilities by interacting with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. In vitro, MSCs inhibit the differentiation of T cells into T helper 17 (Th17) cells and repress their proliferation. In vivo, the administration of MSCs to treat various experimental inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bowel disease showed promising therapeutic results. These therapeutic properties mediated by MSCs are associated with an attenuated immune response characterized by a reduced frequency of Th17 cells and the generation of regulatory T cells. In this manuscript, we review how MSC and Th17 cells interact, communicate, and exchange information through different ways such as cell-to-cell contact, secretion of soluble factors, and organelle transfer. Moreover, we discuss the consequences of this dynamic dialogue between MSC and Th17 well described by their phenotypic and functional plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Terraza-Aguirre
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
| | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | | | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- CHU Montpellier, F-34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nakashima KI, Yamaguchi E, Noritake C, Mitsugi Y, Goto M, Hirai T, Abe N, Sakai E, Oyama M, Itoh A, Inoue M. Discovery and SAR of Natural-Product-Inspired RXR Agonists with Heterodimer Selectivity to PPARδ-RXR. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1526-1534. [PMID: 32374156 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A known natural product, magnaldehyde B, was identified as an agonist of retinoid X receptor (RXR) α. Magnaldehyde B was isolated from Magnolia obovata (Magnoliaceae) and synthesized along with more potent analogs for screening of their RXRα agonistic activities. Structural optimization of magnaldehyde B resulted in the development of a candidate molecule that displayed a 440-fold increase in potency. Receptor-ligand docking simulations indicated that this molecule has the highest affinity with the ligand binding domain of RXRα among the analogs synthesized in this study. Furthermore, the selective activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ-RXR heterodimer with a stronger efficacy compared to those of PPARα-RXR and PPARγ-RXR was achieved in luciferase reporter assays using the PPAR response element driven reporter (PPRE-Luc). The PPARδ activity of the molecule was significantly inhibited by the antagonists of both RXR and PPARδ, whereas the activity of GW501516 was not affected by the RXR antagonist. Furthermore, the molecule exhibited a particularly weak PPARδ agonistic activity in reporter gene assays using the Gal4 hybrid system. The obtained data therefore suggest that the weak PPARδ agonistic activity of the optimized molecule is synergistically enhanced by its own RXR agonistic activity, indicating the potent agonistic activity of the PPARδ-RXR heterodimer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Nakashima
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | | | - Chihaya Noritake
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | | | | | - Takao Hirai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Makoto Inoue
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Z, Zhou Z, Hu L, Deng L, Ren Q, Zhang L. ZLY032, the first-in-class dual FFA1/PPARδ agonist, improves glucolipid metabolism and alleviates hepatic fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105035. [PMID: 32562818 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) are considered as anti-diabetic targets based on their role in improving insulin secretion and resistance. Based on their synergetic mechanisms, we have previously identified the first-in-class dual FFA1/PPARδ agonist ZLY032. After long-term treatment, ZLY032 significantly improved glucolipid metabolism and alleviated fatty liver in ob/ob mice and methionine choline-deficient diet-fed db/db mice, mainly by regulating triglyceride metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, lipid synthesis, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Notably, ZLY032 exhibited greater advantages on lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function than TAK-875, the most advanced candidate of FFA1 agonists. Moreover, ZLY032 prevented CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by reducing the expressions of genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis development. These results suggest that the dual FFA1/PPARδ agonists such as ZLY032 may be useful for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zongtao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lijun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liming Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lai N, Fealy CE, Kummitha CM, Cabras S, Kirwan JP, Hoppel CL. Mitochondrial Utilization of Competing Fuels Is Altered in Insulin Resistant Skeletal Muscle of Non-obese Rats (Goto-Kakizaki). Front Physiol 2020; 11:677. [PMID: 32612543 PMCID: PMC7308651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Insulin-resistant skeletal muscle is characterized by metabolic inflexibility with associated alterations in substrate selection, mediated by peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Although it is established that PPARδ contributes to the alteration of energy metabolism, it is not clear whether it plays a role in mitochondrial fuel competition. While nutrient overload may impair metabolic flexibility by fuel congestion within mitochondria, in absence of obesity defects at a mitochondrial level have not yet been excluded. We sought to determine whether reduced PPARδ content in insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle of a non-obese rat model of T2DM (Goto-Kakizaki, GK) ameliorate the inhibitory effect of fatty acid (i.e., palmitoylcarnitine) on mitochondrial carbohydrate oxidization (i.e., pyruvate) in muscle fibers. Methods Bioenergetic function was characterized in oxidative soleus (S) and glycolytic white gastrocnemius (WG) muscles with measurement of respiration rates in permeabilized fibers in the presence of complex I, II, IV, and fatty acid substrates. Mitochondrial content was measured by citrate synthase (CS) and succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH). Western blot was used to determine protein expression of PPARδ, PDK isoform 2 and 4. Results CS and SDH activity, key markers of mitochondrial content, were reduced by ∼10-30% in diabetic vs. control, and the effect was evident in both oxidative and glycolytic muscles. PPARδ (p < 0.01), PDK2 (p < 0.01), and PDK4 (p = 0.06) protein content was reduced in GK animals compared to Wistar rats (N = 6 per group). Ex vivo respiration rates in permeabilized muscle fibers determined in the presence of complex I, II, IV, and fatty acid substrates, suggested unaltered mitochondrial bioenergetic function in T2DM muscle. Respiration in the presence of pyruvate was higher compared to palmitoylcarnitine in both animal groups and fiber types. Moreover, respiration rates in the presence of both palmitoylcarnitine and pyruvate were reduced by 25 ± 6% (S), 37 ± 6% (WG) and 63 ± 6% (S), 57 ± 8% (WG) compared to pyruvate for both controls and GK, respectively. The inhibitory effect of palmitoylcarnitine on respiration was significantly greater in GK than controls (p < 10-3). Conclusion With competing fuels, the presence of fatty acids diminishes mitochondria ability to utilize carbohydrate derived substrates in insulin-resistant muscle despite reduced PPARδ content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ciarán E Fealy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chinna M Kummitha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Silvia Cabras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - John P Kirwan
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kadayat TM, Shrestha A, Jeon YH, An H, Kim J, Cho SJ, Chin J. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10109-10134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Man Kadayat
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Z, Xu Y, Cai Z, Wang X, Ren Q, Zhou Z, Xie R. Discovery of novel dual PPARα/δ agonists based on benzimidazole scaffold for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
45
|
Barbosa JE, Stockler-Pinto MB, Cruz BOD, Silva ACTD, Anjos JS, Mesquita CT, Mafra D, Cardozo LFMF. Nrf2, NF-κB and PPARβ/δ mRNA Expression Profile in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 113:1121-1127. [PMID: 31340238 PMCID: PMC7021271 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are present in coronary artery disease (CAD) and are linked to the activation of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). To attenuate these complications, transcription factors like nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) can be activated to inhibit NF-κB. However, the available data on expression of NF-κB, Nrf2 and PPARβ/δ in CAD patients are limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of the transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2 and PPAR𝛽/𝛿 in CAD patients. METHODS Thirty-five patients (17 men, mean age 62.4 ? 7.55 years) with CAD and twelve patients (5 men, mean age 63.50 ? 11.46 years) without CAD were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and processed for mRNA expression of Nrf2, NF-κB, NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and PPARβ/δ mRNAs using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was no difference in the mRNA expressions of Nrf2 (1.35 ? 0.57), NF-κB (1.08 ? 0.50) or in the antioxidant enzyme NQO1 (1.05 ? 0.88) in the CAD group compared to the group without CAD (1.16 ? 0.76, 0.95 ? 0.33, 0.81 ? 0.55, respectively). However, PPARβ/δ was highest expressed in the CAD group (1.17 ? 0.86 vs. 0.56 ? 0.34, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION The main finding of this study was the PPARβ/δ being more expressed in the PBMC of patients with CAD compared to the control group, whereas no differences were observed in Nrf2 or NF-κB mRNA expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Ermida Barbosa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Oliveira da Cruz
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Tavares da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Juliana Saraiva Anjos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Claudio Tinoco Mesquita
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares, Niterói, RJ - Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen Y, Ren Q, Zhou Z, Deng L, Hu L, Zhang L, Li Z. HWL-088, a new potent free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) agonist, improves glucolipid metabolism and acts additively with metformin in ob/ob diabetic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2286-2302. [PMID: 31971610 PMCID: PMC7174891 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) plays an important role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion making it an attractive anti-diabetic target. This study characterizes the pharmacological profile of HWL-088 (2-(2-fluoro-4-((2'-methyl-[1,1'- biphenyl]-3-yl)methoxy)phenoxy)acetic acid), a novel highly potent FFAR1 agonist in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we investigated the long-term effects of HWL-088 alone and in combination with metformin in diabetic mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro effects of HWL-088 on FFAR1 and PPARα/γ/δ were studied in cell-based assays. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic effects were evaluated in MIN6 cell line and in rats. Long-term effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated in ob/ob mice. KEY RESULTS HWL-088 is a highly potent FFAR1 agonist (EC50 = 18.9 nM) with moderate PPARδ activity (EC50 = 570.9 nM) and promotes glucose-dependent insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. Long-term administration of HWL-088 exhibited better glucose control and plasma lipid profiles than those of another FFAR1 agonist, TAK-875, and synergistic improvements were observed when combined with metformin. Moreover, HWL-088 and combination therapy improved β-cell function by up-regulation of pancreas duodenum homeobox-1, reduced fat accumulation in adipose tissue and alleviated fatty liver in ob/ob mice. The effect of HWL-088 involves a reduction in hepatic lipogenesis and oxidative stress, increased lipoprotein lipolysis, glucose uptake, mitochondrial function and fatty acid β-oxidation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data indicate that long-term treatment with HWL-088, a highly potent FFAR1 agonist, improves glucose and lipid metabolism and may be useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus by mono-therapy or combination with metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Chen
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zongtao Zhou
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liming Deng
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lijun Hu
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Luyong Zhang
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model SystemsGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug ScreeningChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zheng Li
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong ProvinceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
PPARs as Metabolic Regulators in the Liver: Lessons from Liver-Specific PPAR-Null Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062061. [PMID: 32192216 PMCID: PMC7139552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, β/δ, and γ modulate lipid homeostasis. PPARα regulates lipid metabolism in the liver, the organ that largely controls whole-body nutrient/energy homeostasis, and its abnormalities may lead to hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, steatofibrosis, and liver cancer. PPARβ/δ promotes fatty acid β-oxidation largely in extrahepatic organs, and PPARγ stores triacylglycerol in adipocytes. Investigations using liver-specific PPAR-disrupted mice have revealed major but distinct contributions of the three PPARs in the liver. This review summarizes the findings of liver-specific PPAR-null mice and discusses the role of PPARs in the liver.
Collapse
|
48
|
Li Z, Liu C, Zhou Z, Hu L, Deng L, Ren Q, Qian H. A novel FFA1 agonist, CPU025, improves glucose-lipid metabolism and alleviates fatty liver in obese-diabetic (ob/ob) mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
49
|
da Cruz BO, Cardozo LFMDF, Magliano DC, Stockler-Pinto MB. Nutritional strategies to modulate inflammation pathways via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:207-214. [PMID: 31584650 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ has an important role in multiple inflammatory conditions, including obesity, hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune diseases. PPARβ/δ forms a heterodimer with the retinoic acid receptor and binds to peroxisome proliferator response elements to initiate transcription of its target genes. PPARβ/δ is also able to suppress the activities of several transcription factors, including nuclear factor κB, and activator protein 1, thus regulating anti-inflammatory cellular responses and playing a protective role in several diseases. Recent studies have shown that nutritional compounds, including nutrients and bioactive compounds, can regulate PPARβ/δ expression. This review discusses key nutritional compounds that are known to modulate PPARβ/δ and are likely to affect human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz O da Cruz
- B.O. da Cruz, L.F.M. de F. Cardozo, D.C. Magliano, and M.B. Stockler-Pinto are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M de França Cardozo
- B.O. da Cruz, L.F.M. de F. Cardozo, D.C. Magliano, and M.B. Stockler-Pinto are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo C Magliano
- B.O. da Cruz, L.F.M. de F. Cardozo, D.C. Magliano, and M.B. Stockler-Pinto are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil.,D.C. Magliano is with Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Milena B Stockler-Pinto
- B.O. da Cruz, L.F.M. de F. Cardozo, D.C. Magliano, and M.B. Stockler-Pinto are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil.,M.B. Stockler-Pinto is with the Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Silva OA, Ribeiro-Filho HV, Avelino TM, Tittanegro TH, Figueira ACM, Rabelo LA, Pitta IDR, Lahlou S, Duarte GP. GQ-130, a novel analogue of thiazolidinedione, improves obesity-induced metabolic alterations in rats: Evidence for the involvement of PPARβ/δ pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:798-808. [PMID: 31909493 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to characterize the effect of a short-time treatment with a new thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivative, GQ-130, on metabolic alterations in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We investigated whether metabolic alterations induced by GQ-130 were mediated though a mechanism that involves PPARβ/δ transactivation. Potential binding and transactivation of PPARα, PPARβ/δ or PPARγ by GQ-130 were examined through cell transactivation, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence quenching assays and thermal shift assay. For in vivo experiments, male 8-week-old Wistar rats were divided into three groups fed for 6 weeks with: (a) a standard rat chow (14% fat) (control group), (b) a HFD (57.8% fat) alone (HFD group), or (c) a HFD associated with an oral treatment with GQ-130 (10 mg/kg/d) during the last week (HFD-GQ group). In 293T cells, unlike rosiglitazone, GQ-130 did not cause significant transactivation of PPARγ but was able to activate PPARβ/δ by 153.9 folds in comparison with control values (DMSO). Surprisingly, ANS fluorescence quenching assay reveals that GQ-130 does not bind directly to PPARβ/δ binding site, a finding that was further corroborated by thermal shift assay which evaluates the thermal stability of PPARβ/δ in the presence of GQ-130. Compared to the control group, rats of the HFD group showed obesity, increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin resistance, impaired glucose intolerance, hyperglycaemia, and dyslipidaemia. GQ-130 treatment abolished the increased SBP and improved all metabolic dysfunctions observed in the HFD group. Oral treatment with GQ-130 was effective in improving HFD-induced metabolic alterations probably through a mechanism that involves PPARβ/δ activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odair Alves Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Helder Veras Ribeiro-Filho
- National Institute of Biosciences, Brazilian Association for Synchrotron Light Technology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayna Mendonca Avelino
- National Institute of Biosciences, Brazilian Association for Synchrotron Light Technology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Helena Tittanegro
- National Institute of Biosciences, Brazilian Association for Synchrotron Light Technology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Antas Rabelo
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Core of Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Saad Lahlou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Glória Pinto Duarte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|