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Calubag MF, Robbins PD, Lamming DW. A nutrigeroscience approach: Dietary macronutrients and cellular senescence. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1914-1944. [PMID: 39178854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a process in which a cell exits the cell cycle in response to stressors, is one of the hallmarks of aging. Senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-a heterogeneous set of secreted factors that disrupt tissue homeostasis and promote the accumulation of senescent cells-reprogram metabolism and can lead to metabolic dysfunction. Dietary interventions have long been studied as methods to combat age-associated metabolic dysfunction, promote health, and increase lifespan. A growing body of literature suggests that senescence is responsive to diet, both to calories and specific dietary macronutrients, and that the metabolic benefits of dietary interventions may arise in part through reducing senescence. Here, we review what is currently known about dietary macronutrients' effect on senescence and the SASP, the nutrient-responsive molecular mechanisms that may mediate these effects, and the potential for these findings to inform the development of a nutrigeroscience approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah F Calubag
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Huston CA, Milan M, Vance ML, Bickel MA, Miller LR, Negri S, Hibbs C, Vaden H, Hayes L, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A, Tarantini S, Conley SM. The effects of time restricted feeding on age-related changes in the mouse retina. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112510. [PMID: 38964431 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Dietary modifications such as caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) have gained popularity due to their proven health benefits in aged populations. In time restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting, the amount of time for food intake is regulated without restricting the caloric intake. TRF is beneficial for the central nervous system to support brain health in the context of aging. Therefore, we here ask whether TRF also exerts beneficial effects in the aged retina. We compared aged mice (24 months) on a TRF paradigm (access to food for six hours per day) for either 6 or 12 months against young control mice (8 months) and aged control mice on an ad libitum diet. We examined changes in the retina at the functional (electroretinography), structural (histology and fluorescein angiograms) and molecular (gene expression) level. TRF treatment showed amelioration of age-related reductions in both scotopic and photopic b-wave amplitudes suggesting benefits for retinal interneuron signaling. TRF did not affect age-related signs of retinal inflammation or microglial activation at either the molecular or histological level. Our data indicate that TRF helps preserve some aspects of retinal function that are decreased with aging, adding to our understanding of the health benefits that altered feeding patterns may confer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade A Huston
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Madison Milan
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michaela L Vance
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Marisa A Bickel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lauren R Miller
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sharon Negri
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Clara Hibbs
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hannah Vaden
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lindsay Hayes
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Shannon M Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Russo E, Zanetti V, Macciò L, Benizzelli G, Carbone F, La Porta E, Esposito P, Verzola D, Garibotto G, Viazzi F. SGLT2 inhibition to target kidney aging. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae133. [PMID: 38803397 PMCID: PMC11129592 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-aging therapy is the latest frontier in the world of medical science, especially for widespread diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both renal aging and CKD are characterized by increased cellular senescence, inflammation and oxidative stress. A variety of cellular signalling mechanisms are involved in these processes, which provide new potential targets for therapeutic strategies aimed at counteracting the onset and progression of CKD. At the same time, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) continuously demonstrate large beneficial effects at all stages of the cardiorenal metabolic continuum. The broad-spectrum benefits of SGLT2is have led to changes in several treatment guidelines and to growing scientific interest in the underlying working principles. Multiple mechanisms have been studied to explain these great renal benefits, but many things remain to be solved. With this in mind, we provide an overview of the experimental evidence for the effects of SGLT2is on the molecular pathway's ability to modulate senescence, aging and parenchymal damage, especially at the kidney level. We propose to shed some light on the role of SGLT2is in kidney care by focusing on their potential to reduce the progression of kidney disease across the spectrum of aging and dysregulation of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Russo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Macciò
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federico Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo La Porta
- UO Nephrology Dialysis and Transplant, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- UOSD Dialysis IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Waldman HS, Witt CR, Grozier CD, McAllister MJ. A self-selected 16:8 time-restricted eating quasi-experimental intervention improves various markers of cardiovascular health in middle-age male cyclists. Nutrition 2023; 113:112086. [PMID: 37331215 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary intervention that may offer some protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD), while also preserving performance in athletes. To date however, research on TRE in an active population has only been conducted in college-age cohorts and the effects of TRE in an older, trained population are less understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of a 4-wk, 16:8 TRE intervention on markers of CVD risk in middle-age, male cyclists. METHODS Participants (N = 12; age, 51.9 ± 8.6 y; training duration/wk, 375 ± 140 min; peak aerobic capacity, 41.8 ± 5.6 mL/kg/min) reported to the laboratory for two sessions (i.e., at baseline and post-TRE) where blood was drawn from an antecubital vein after an 8-h overnight fast. Dependent variables measured at baseline and post-TRE included insulin, cortisol, brain-derived neurotropic factor, free testosterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, C-reactive protein, advanced oxidative protein products, glutathione, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, glucose, and a full lipid profile. RESULTS Compared with baseline, TRE significantly lowered TNF-α (12.3 ± 3.4 versus 9.2 ± 2.4 pg/mL; P = 0.02) and glucose concentrations (93.4 ± 9.7 versus 87.5 ± 7.9 mg/dL; P = 0.01), as well as significantly elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (45.7 ± 13.7 versus 49.2 ± 12.3 mg/dL; P = 0.04), respectively. No further significant changes were observed between the remaining variables (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that incorporating a 4-wk TRE intervention with habitual endurance training can significantly improve some markers of CVD risk and may compliment the robust health benefits derived from a regular exercise regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter S Waldman
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, United States.
| | - Craig R Witt
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, United States
| | - Corey D Grozier
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama, United States
| | - Matthew J McAllister
- Metabolic and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, United States
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Zhai J, Kongsberg WH, Pan Y, Hao C, Wang X, Sun J. Caloric restriction induced epigenetic effects on aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1079920. [PMID: 36712965 PMCID: PMC9880295 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1079920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the subject of many studies, facilitating the discovery of many interventions. Epigenetic influences numerous life processes by regulating gene expression and also plays a crucial role in aging regulation. Increasing data suggests that dietary changes can alter epigenetic marks associated with aging. Caloric restriction (CR)is considered an intervention to regulate aging and prolong life span. At present, CR has made some progress by regulating signaling pathways associated with aging as well as the mechanism of action of intercellular signaling molecules against aging. In this review, we will focus on autophagy and epigenetic modifications to elaborate the molecular mechanisms by which CR delays aging by triggering autophagy, epigenetic modifications, and the interaction between the two in caloric restriction. In order to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of aging and delaying aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Sun
- *Correspondence: Xiaojing Wang, ; Jie Sun,
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Wagner S, Manickam R, Brotto M, Tipparaju SM. NAD + centric mechanisms and molecular determinants of skeletal muscle disease and aging. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1829-1848. [PMID: 35334034 PMCID: PMC10065019 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential redox cofactor, involved in various physiological and molecular processes, including energy metabolism, epigenetics, aging, and metabolic diseases. NAD+ repletion ameliorates muscular dystrophy and improves the mitochondrial and muscle stem cell function and thereby increase lifespan in mice. Accordingly, NAD+ is considered as an anti-oxidant and anti-aging molecule. NAD+ plays a central role in energy metabolism and the energy produced is used for movements, thermoregulation, and defense against foreign bodies. The dietary precursors of NAD+ synthesis is targeted to improve NAD+ biosynthesis; however, studies have revealed conflicting results regarding skeletal muscle-specific effects. Recent advances in the activation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in the NAD+ salvage pathway and supplementation of NAD+ precursors have led to beneficial effects in skeletal muscle pathophysiology and function during aging and associated metabolic diseases. NAD+ is also involved in the epigenetic regulation and post-translational modifications of proteins that are involved in various cellular processes to maintain tissue homeostasis. This review provides detailed insights into the roles of NAD+ along with molecular mechanisms during aging and disease conditions, such as the impacts of age-related NAD+ deficiencies on NAD+-dependent enzymes, including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs), CD38, and sirtuins within skeletal muscle, and the most recent studies on the potential of nutritional supplementation and distinct modes of exercise to replenish the NAD+ pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ravikumar Manickam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas-Arlington (UTA), Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas M Tipparaju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Colloca A, Balestrieri A, Anastasio C, Balestrieri ML, D’Onofrio N. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Chronic Degenerative Diseases: New Metabolic Targets in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063212. [PMID: 35328633 PMCID: PMC8949044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) consisting of seven members, widely expressed in mammals. SIRTs mainly participate in metabolic homeostasis, DNA damage repair, cell survival, and differentiation, as well as other cancer-related biological processes. Growing evidence shows that SIRTs have pivotal roles in chronic degenerative diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most frequent malignant disease worldwide. Metabolic alterations are gaining attention in the context of CRC development and progression, with mitochondrion representing a crucial point of complex and intricate molecular mechanisms. Mitochondrial SIRTs, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5, control mitochondrial homeostasis and dynamics. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the latest advances on the role of mitochondrial SIRTs in the initiation, promotion and progression of CRC. A deeper understanding of the pathways by which mitochondrial SIRTs control CRC metabolism may provide new molecular targets for future innovative strategies for CRC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Colloca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, U.O.C. Food Control and Food Safety, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Camilla Anastasio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5865
| | - Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
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Association of Sirtuin Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease in a North Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4294008. [PMID: 35224092 PMCID: PMC8881115 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4294008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents the leading cause of death worldwide. Accumulating evidence also suggests that sirtuins (SIRTS) have been associated with CAD. The present study was aimed at investigating the association between 12 gene polymorphisms for SIRTs and the development of CAD in a Chinese population. Materials and Methods 12 SNPs (rs12778366 (T > C), rs3758391 (T > C), rs3740051 (A > G), rs4746720 (C > T), rs7895833 (G > A), rs932658 (A > C) for SIRT1, rs2015 (G > T) for SIRT2, rs28365927 (G > A), rs11246020 (C > T) for SIRT3, rs350844 (G > A), rs350846 (G > C), and rs107251 (C > T) for SIRT6) were selected and assessed in a cohort of 509 CAD patients and 552 matched healthy controls for this study. Genomic DNA from whole blood was extracted, and the SNPs were assessed using MassARRAY method. Results TT genotype for rs3758391 and GG genotype for rs7895833 of SIRT1 were at higher risk of CAD, whereas the CC genotype for rs4746720 of SIRT1 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of CAD. The A allele of the rs28365927 of SIRT3 showed a significant decreased risk association with CAD patient group (P = 0.014). Significant difference in genotypes rs350844 (G > A) (P = 0.004), rs350846 (G > C) (P = 0.002), and rs107251 (C > T) (P ≤ 0.01) for SIRT6 was also found between the CAD patients and the healthy controls. Haplotype CTA significantly increased the risk of CAD (P = 0.000118, OR = 1.497, 95%CI = 1.218–1.840), while haplotype GCG significantly decreases the risk of CAD (P = 0.000414, OR = 1.131, 95%CI = 0.791–1.619). Conclusions The SNP rs28365927 in the SIRT3 gene and SNP rs350844, rs350846, and rs107251 in the SIRT6 gene present significant associations with CAD in a north Chinese population. Haplotype CTA and GCG generated by rs350846/rs107251/rs350844 in the SIRT6 might also increase and decrease the risk of CAD, respectively.
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is gradually attacking the health and life of people all over the world. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common chronic microvascular complications of DM, whose mechanism is complex and still lacks research. Sirtuin family is a class III histone deacetylase with highly conserved NAD+ binding domain and catalytic functional domain, while different N-terminal and C-terminal structures enable them to bind different deacetylated substrates to participate in the cellular NAD+ metabolism. The kidney is an organ rich in NAD+ and database exploration of literature shows that the Sirtuin family has different expression localization in renal, cellular, and subcellular structures. With the progress of modern technology, a variety of animal models and reagents for the Sirtuin family and DKD emerged. Machine learning in the literature shows that the Sirtuin family can regulate pathophysiological injury mainly in the glomerular filtration membrane, renal tubular absorption, and immune inflammation through various mechanisms such as epigenetics, multiple signaling pathways, and mitochondrial function. These mechanisms are the key nodes participating in DKD. Thus, it is of great significance for target therapy to study biological functions of the Sirtuin family and DKD regulation mechanism in-depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Huiwen Ren,
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10
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Zullo A, Guida R, Sciarrillo R, Mancini FP. Redox Homeostasis in Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Mitochondrial Sirtuins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:858330. [PMID: 35370975 PMCID: PMC8971707 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.858330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite successful advances in both pharmacological and lifestyle strategies to fight well-established risk factors, the burden of CVD is still increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to further deepen our knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease for developing novel therapies to limit even more its related morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress has been identified as a common trait of several manifestations of CVD and could be a promising target for innovative treatments. Mitochondria are a major source of oxidative stress and sirtuins are a family of enzymes that generate different post-translational protein modifications, thus regulating important cellular processes, including cell cycle, autophagy, gene expression, and others. In particular, three sirtuins, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are located within the mitochondrial matrix where they regulate energy production and antioxidant pathways. Therefore, these sirtuins are strongly involved in the balance between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the activities of these sirtuins with a special focus on their role in the control of oxidative stress, in relation to energy metabolism, atherosclerosis, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies s.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Guida
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco P. Mancini, ; Rosaria Sciarrillo,
| | - Francesco P. Mancini
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco P. Mancini, ; Rosaria Sciarrillo,
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Chung JY, Kim OY, Song J. Role of ketone bodies in diabetes-induced dementia: sirtuins, insulin resistance, synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotransmitter. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:774-785. [PMID: 34957519 PMCID: PMC8907488 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes can have several neuropathologies, such as memory deficits. Recent studies have focused on the association between metabolic imbalance and neuropathological problems, and the associated molecular pathology. Diabetes triggers neuroinflammation, impaired synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance in the brain. Glucose is a main energy substrate for neurons, but under certain conditions, such as fasting and starvation, ketone bodies can be used as an energy fuel for these cells. Recent evidence has shed new light on the role of ketone bodies in regulating several anti-inflammation cellular pathways and improving glucose metabolism, insulin action, and synaptic plasticity, thereby being neuroprotective. However, very high amount of ketone bodies can be toxic for the brain, such as in ketoacidosis, a dangerous complication that may occur in type 1 diabetes mellitus or alcoholism. Recent findings regarding the relationship between ketone bodies and neuropathogenesis in dementia are reviewed in this article. They suggest that the adequately low amount of ketone bodies can be a potential energy source for the treatment of diabetes-induced dementia neuropathology, considering the multifaceted effects of the ketone bodies in the central nervous system. This review can provide useful information for establishing the therapeutic guidelines of a ketogenic diet for diabetes-induced dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and the Department of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kaushik P, Ahlawat P, Singh K, Singh R. Chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and uses of common ayurvedic medicinal plants: a future source of new drugs. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Graf LG, Vogt R, Blasl AT, Qin C, Schulze S, Zühlke D, Sievers S, Lammers M. Assays to Study Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Protein Lysine Acetylation In Vitro. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e277. [PMID: 34748287 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proteins can be lysine-acetylated both enzymatically, by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs), and non-enzymatically, by acetyl-CoA and/or acetyl-phosphate. Such modification can be reversed by lysine deacetylases classified as NAD+ -dependent sirtuins or by classical Zn2+ -dependent deacetylases (KDACs). The regulation of protein lysine acetylation events by KATs and sirtuins/KDACs, or by non-enzymatic processes, is often assessed only indirectly by mass spectrometry or by mutational studies in cells. Mutational approaches to study lysine acetylation are limited, as these often poorly mimic lysine acetylation. Here, we describe protocols to assess the direct regulation of protein lysine acetylation by both sirtuins/KDACs and KATs, as well as non-enzymatically. We first describe a protocol for the production of site-specific lysine-acetylated proteins using a synthetic biological approach, the genetic code expansion concept (GCEC). These natively folded, lysine-acetylated proteins can then be used as direct substrates for sirtuins and KDACs. This approach addresses various limitations encountered with other methods. First, results from sirtuin/KDAC-catalyzed deacetylation assays obtained using acetylated peptides as substrates can vary considerably compared to experiments using natively folded substrate proteins. In addition, producing lysine-acetylated proteins for deacetylation assays by using recombinantly expressed KATs is difficult, as these often do not yield proteins that are homogeneously and quantitatively lysine acetylated. Moreover, KATs are often huge multi-domain proteins, which are difficult to recombinantly express and purify in soluble form. We also describe protocols to study the direct regulation of protein lysine acetylation, both enzymatically, by sirtuins/KDACs and KATs, and non-enzymatically, by acetyl-CoA and/or acetyl-phosphate. The latter protocol also includes a section that explains how specific lysine acetylation sites can be detected by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The protocols described here can be useful for providing a more detailed understanding of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic regulation of lysine acetylation sites, an important aspect to judge their physiological significance. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of N-(ε)-lysine-acetylated proteins using the genetic code expansion concept (GCEC) Basic Protocol 2: In vitro sirtuin (SIRT)-catalyzed deacetylation of lysine-acetylated proteins prepared by the GCEC Basic Protocol 3: In vitro KDAC/HDAC-catalyzed deacetylation of lysine-acetylated proteins Basic Protocol 4: In vitro lysine acetylation of recombinantly expressed proteins by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) Basic Protocol 5: In vitro non-enzymatic lysine acetylation of proteins by acetyl-CoA and/or acetyl-phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie G Graf
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Vogt
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna-Theresa Blasl
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schulze
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniela Zühlke
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Sievers
- Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Institute for Biochemistry, Greifswald, Germany
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14
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Abdelnabi ALSM, Esmayel IM, Hussein S, Ali RM, AbdelAal AA. Sirtuin-1 in Egyptian patients with coronary artery disease. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents the leading cause of death worldwide. Animal and human studies have demonstrated that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to measure the plasma level of SIRT1 in patients with CAD and explore its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors.
Results
Plasma SIRT1 was significantly lower in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) than in those in the control group and was significantly lower in patients with both acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina than in those in the control group and with CCS. Moreover, plasma SIRT1 was positively correlated with platelet count and negatively correlated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Conclusions
The plasma level of SIRT1 is lower in patients with CAD compared to control and it could be a possible marker for this disease. Multi-center studies with follow-up measurements are recommended for further investigation.
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15
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Shankland SJ, Wang Y, Shaw AS, Vaughan JC, Pippin JW, Wessely O. Podocyte Aging: Why and How Getting Old Matters. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2697-2713. [PMID: 34716239 PMCID: PMC8806106 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of healthy aging on the kidney, and how these effects intersect with superimposed diseases, are highly relevant in the context of the population's increasing longevity. Age-associated changes to podocytes, which are terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells, adversely affect kidney health. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying podocyte aging, how these mechanisms might be augmented by disease in the aged kidney, and approaches to mitigate progressive damage to podocytes. Furthermore, we address how biologic pathways such as those associated with cellular growth confound aging in humans and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrey S. Shaw
- Department of Research Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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16
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Blasl AT, Schulze S, Qin C, Graf LG, Vogt R, Lammers M. Post-translational lysine ac(et)ylation in health, ageing and disease. Biol Chem 2021; 403:151-194. [PMID: 34433238 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The acetylation/acylation (ac(et)ylation) of lysine side chains is a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM) regulating fundamental cellular processes with implications on the organisms' ageing process: metabolism, transcription, translation, cell proliferation, regulation of the cytoskeleton and DNA damage repair. First identified to occur on histones, later studies revealed the presence of lysine ac(et)ylation in organisms of all kingdoms of life, in proteins covering all essential cellular processes. A remarkable finding showed that the NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylase Sir2 has an impact on replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggesting that lysine acetylation has a direct role in the ageing process. Later studies identified sirtuins as mediators for beneficial effects of caloric/dietary restriction on the organisms' health- or lifespan. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are only incompletely understood. Progress in mass-spectrometry, structural biology, synthetic and semi-synthetic biology deepened our understanding of this PTM. This review summarizes recent developments in the research field. It shows how lysine ac(et)ylation regulates protein function, how it is regulated enzymatically and non-enzymatically, how a dysfunction in this post-translational machinery contributes to disease development. A focus is set on sirtuins and lysine acyltransferases as these are direct sensors and mediators of the cellular metabolic state. Finally, this review highlights technological advances to study lysine ac(et)ylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Theresa Blasl
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schulze
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leonie G Graf
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Vogt
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Protective Features of Calorie Restriction on Cuprizone-induced Demyelination via Modulating Microglial Phenotype. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:102013. [PMID: 34391881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) with no definitive treatment, but it can be alleviated by changing life habits. Calorie restriction (CR) is effective in preventing or treating metabolic and autoimmune disorders. CR is one of the helpful approaches to control the progression of MS. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effect of caloric restriction on cuprizone induced-demyelination, a model of multiple sclerosis. To induce acute demyelination in C57/BL6 mice, we added 0.2% Cuprizone (CPZ) to their diet for 6 weeks. To induce calorie restriction, 10% Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was added to the diet as a dietary cellulose fiber for 6 weeks. Remyelination was studied by luxol fast blue (LFB) staining. Microglia activity, M1 and M2 microglial/macrophage phenotypes were assessed by immunohistochemistry of Iba-1, iNOS and Arg-1, respectively. The expression of targeted genes was assessed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining showed that the CR regimen could decrease the cuprizone-induced demyelination process (p < 0.01). Moreover, the CR application could improve balance and motor performance in cuprizone-intoxicated mice by significantly enhancing protein and gene expression of Sirt1, M2 microglial phenotype marker (Arg-1) and Akt1 gene expression, also decreased M1 microglial phenotype marker (iNOS), Akt2 and P53 gene expressions (p < 0.05). Cumulatively, it can be concluded that caloric restriction was able to counteract MS symptoms through alleviating inflammatory responses.
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18
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Castro-Grattoni AL, Suarez-Giron M, Benitez I, Tecchia L, Torres M, Almendros I, Farre R, Targa A, Montserrat JM, Dalmases M, Barbé F, Gozal D, Sánchez-de-la-Torre M. The effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia in cardiovascular gene expression is modulated by age in a mice model of sleep apnea. Sleep 2021; 44:6071377. [PMID: 33417710 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a major determinant in obstructive sleep apnea cardiovascular morbidity and this effect is influenced by age. The objective of the present study was to assess the differential molecular mechanisms at gene-level expression involved in the cardiovascular remodeling induced by CIH according to chronological age. METHODS Two- and 18-month-old mice (N = 8 each) were subjected to CIH or normoxia for 8 weeks. Total messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted from left ventricle myocardium and aortic arch, and gene expression of 46 intermediaries of aging, oxidative stress, and inflammation was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cardiac gene expression of Nrf2 (2.05-fold increase, p < 0.001), Sod2 (1.9-fold increase, p = 0.035), Igf1r (1.4-fold increase, p = 0.028), Mtor (1.8-fold increase, p = 0.06), Foxo3 (1.5-fold increase, p = 0.020), Sirt4, Sirt6, and Sirt7 (1.3-fold increase, p = 0.012; 1.1-fold change, p = 0.031; 1.3-fold change, p = 0.029) was increased after CIH in young mice, but not in old mice. In aortic tissue, endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase was reduced in young mice (p < 0.001), Nrf2 was reduced in 80% (p < 0.001) in young mice and 45% (p = 0.07) in old mice, as its downstream antioxidant target Sod2 (82% reduced, p < 0.001). IL33. CONCLUSIONS CIH effect in gene expression is organ-dependent, and is modulated by age. CIH increased transcriptional expression of genes involved in cardioprotection and cell survival in young, but not in old mice. In aortic tissue, CIH reduced gene expression related to an antioxidant response in both young and old mice, suggesting vascular oxidative stress and a proaging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel L Castro-Grattoni
- Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Department, Hospital University Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Ivan Benitez
- Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Department, Hospital University Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Tecchia
- Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Department, Hospital University Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- Agency for Health Quality and Assessment of Catalonia (AQuAS), Barcelona - CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias - CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriano Targa
- Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Department, Hospital University Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Montserrat
- Laboratori del son, Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Dalmases
- Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Department, Hospital University Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Barbé
- Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Department, Hospital University Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre
- Group of Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Department, Hospital University Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.,Group of Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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19
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Zullo A, Mancini FP, Schleip R, Wearing S, Klingler W. Fibrosis: Sirtuins at the checkpoints of myofibroblast differentiation and profibrotic activity. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:650-666. [PMID: 34077595 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases are still a serious concern for public health, due to their high prevalence, complex etiology and lack of successful treatments. Fibrosis consists of excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. As a result, the structure and function of tissues are impaired, thus potentially leading to organ failure and death in several chronic diseases. Myofibroblasts represent the principal cellular mediators of fibrosis, due to their extracellular matrix producing activity, and originate from different types of precursor cells, such as mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Profibrotic activation of myofibroblasts can be triggered by a variety of mechanisms, including the transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway, which is a major factor driving fibrosis. Interestingly, preclinical and clinical studies showed that fibrotic degeneration can stop and even reverse by using specific antifibrotic treatments. Increasing scientific evidence is being accumulated about the role of sirtuins in modulating the molecular pathways responsible for the onset and development of fibrotic diseases. Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent protein deacetylases that play a crucial role in several molecular pathways within the cells, many of which at the crossroad between health and disease. In this context, we will report the current knowledge supporting the role of sirtuins in the balance between healthy and diseased myofibroblast activity. In particular, we will address the signalling pathways and the molecular targets that trigger the differentiation and profibrotic activation of myofibroblasts and can be modulated by sirtuins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, Benevento, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies s.c.a.r.l. Naples, Italy
| | | | - Robert Schleip
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.,Fascia Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Germany.,Diploma University of Applied Sciences, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
| | - Scott Wearing
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Werner Klingler
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.,Fascia Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Germany.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesiology, SRH Hospital Sigmaringen, Germany
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20
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Khan D, Ara T, Ravi V, Rajagopal R, Tandon H, Parvathy J, Gonzalez EA, Asirvatham-Jeyaraj N, Krishna S, Mishra S, Raghu S, Bhati AS, Tamta AK, Dasgupta S, Kolthur-Seetharam U, Etchegaray JP, Mostoslavsky R, Rao PSM, Srinivasan N, Sundaresan NR. SIRT6 transcriptionally regulates fatty acid transport by suppressing PPARγ. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109190. [PMID: 34077730 PMCID: PMC8190874 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological lipid accumulation is often associated with enhanced uptake of free fatty acids via specific transporters in cardiomyocytes. Here, we identify SIRT6 as a critical transcriptional regulator of fatty acid transporters in cardiomyocytes. We find that SIRT6 deficiency enhances the expression of fatty acid transporters, leading to enhanced fatty acid uptake and lipid accumulation. Interestingly, the haploinsufficiency of SIRT6 is sufficient to induce the expression of fatty acid transporters and cause lipid accumulation in murine hearts. Mechanistically, SIRT6 depletion enhances the occupancy of the transcription factor PPARγ on the promoters of critical fatty acid transporters without modulating the acetylation of histone 3 at Lys 9 and Lys 56. Notably, the binding of SIRT6 to the DNA-binding domain of PPARγ is critical for regulating the expression of fatty acid transporters in cardiomyocytes. Our data suggest exploiting SIRT6 as a potential therapeutic target for protecting the heart from metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Khan
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Tarannum Ara
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raksha Rajagopal
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Himani Tandon
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jayadevan Parvathy
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; IISc-Mathematics Initiative, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Edward A Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ninitha Asirvatham-Jeyaraj
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Swati Krishna
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sneha Mishra
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sukanya Raghu
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arvind Singh Bhati
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Tamta
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Subhajit Dasgupta
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ullas Kolthur-Seetharam
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai, India; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
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21
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Franzka P, Krüger L, Schurig MK, Olecka M, Hoffmann S, Blanchard V, Hübner CA. Altered Glycosylation in the Aging Heart. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:673044. [PMID: 34124155 PMCID: PMC8194361 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. Because the incidence increases exponentially in the aging population, aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation are typical hallmarks of the aged heart. The molecular mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. Because glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational protein modifications and can affect biological properties and functions of proteins, we here provide the first analysis of the cardiac glycoproteome of mice at different ages. Western blot as well as MALDI-TOF based glycome analysis suggest that high-mannose N-glycans increase with age. In agreement, we found an age-related regulation of GMPPB, the enzyme, which facilitates the supply of the sugar-donor GDP-mannose. Glycoprotein pull-downs from heart lysates of young, middle-aged and old mice in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry bolster widespread alterations of the cardiac glycoproteome. Major hits are glycoproteins related to the extracellular matrix and Ca2+-binding proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum. We propose that changes in the heart glycoproteome likely contribute to the age-related functional decline of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Franzka
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Lynn Krüger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mona K Schurig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Maja Olecka
- Hoffmann Research Group, Leibniz-Institute on Aging-Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Hoffmann Research Group, Leibniz-Institute on Aging-Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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22
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Tinkov AA, Nguyen TT, Santamaria A, Bowman AB, Buha Djordjevic A, Paoliello MMB, Skalny AV, Aschner M. Sirtuins as molecular targets, mediators, and protective agents in metal-induced toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2263-2278. [PMID: 34028595 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal dyshomeostasis, and especially overexposure, is known to cause adverse health effects due to modulation of a variety of metabolic pathways. An increasing body of literature has demonstrated that metal exposure may affect SIRT signaling, although the existing data are insufficient. Therefore, in this review we discuss the available data (PubMed-Medline, Google Scholar) on the influence of metal overload on sirtuin (SIRT) signaling and its association with other mechanisms involved in metal-induced toxicity. The existing data demonstrate that cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), hexavalent chromium (CrVI), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) can inhibit SIRT1 activity. In addition, an inhibitory effect of Cd, Pb, As, and Fe on SIRT3 has been demonstrated. In turn, metal-induced inhibition of SIRT was shown to affect deacetylation of target proteins including FOXO, PGC1α, p53 and NF-kB. Increased acetylation downregulates PGC1α signaling pathway, resulting in cellular altered redox status and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, as well as decreased mitochondrial biogenesis. Lower rates of LKB1 deacetylation may be responsible for metal-induced decreases in AMPK activity and subsequent metabolic disturbances. A shift to the acetylated FOXO results in increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes which upregulates apoptosis together with increased p53 signaling. Correspondingly, decreased NF-kB deacetylation results in upregulation of target genes of proinflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and cellular adhesion molecules thus promoting inflammation. Therefore, alterations in sirtuin activity may at least partially mediate metal-induced metabolic disturbances that have been implicated in neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and other toxic effects of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Monica Maria Bastos Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Junior AG, de Almeida TL, Tolouei SEL, Dos Santos AF, Dos Reis Lívero FA. Predictive Value of Sirtuins in Acute Myocardial Infarction - Bridging the Bench to the Clinical Practice. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:206-216. [PMID: 33019924 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201005153848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a non-transmissible condition with high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Different strategies for the management of AMI are employed worldwide, but its early diagnosis remains a major challenge. Many molecules have been proposed in recent years as predictive agents in the early detection of AMI, including troponin (C, T, and I), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, myoglobin, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, and a family of histone deacetylases with enzymatic activities named sirtuins. Sirtuins may be used as predictive or complementary treatment strategies and the results of recent preclinical studies are promising. However, human clinical trials and data are scarce, and many issues have been raised regarding the predictive values of sirtuins. The present review summarizes research on the predictive value of sirtuins in AMI. We also briefly summarize relevant clinical trials and discuss future perspectives and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arquimedes G Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Thiago L de Almeida
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Sara E L Tolouei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andreia F Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Francislaine A Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
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Rymarchyk S, Kang W, Cen Y. Substrate-Dependent Sensitivity of SIRT1 to Nicotinamide Inhibition. Biomolecules 2021; 11:312. [PMID: 33670751 PMCID: PMC7922766 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is the most extensively studied human sirtuin with a broad spectrum of endogenous targets. It has been implicated in the regulation of a myriad of cellular events, such as gene transcription, mitochondria biogenesis, insulin secretion as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. From a mechanistic perspective, nicotinamide (NAM), a byproduct of a sirtuin-catalyzed reaction, reverses a reaction intermediate to regenerate NAD+ through "base exchange", leading to the inhibition of the forward deacetylation. NAM has been suggested as a universal sirtuin negative regulator. Sirtuins have evolved different strategies in response to NAM regulation. Here, we report the detailed kinetic analysis of SIRT1-catalyzed reactions using endogenous substrate-based synthetic peptides. A novel substrate-dependent sensitivity of SIRT1 to NAM inhibition was observed. Additionally, SIRT1 demonstrated pH-dependent deacetylation with normal solvent isotope effects (SIEs), consistent with proton transfer in the rate-limiting step. Base exchange, in contrast, was insensitive to pH changes with no apparent SIEs, indicative of lack of proton transfer in the rate-limiting step. Consequently, NAM inhibition was attenuated at a high pH in proteated buffers. Our study provides new evidence for "activation by de-repression" as an effective sirtuin activation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacia Rymarchyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA;
| | - Wenjia Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA;
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA;
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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25
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Komleva Y, Chernykh A, Lopatina O, Gorina Y, Lokteva I, Salmina A, Gollasch M. Inflamm-Aging and Brain Insulin Resistance: New Insights and Role of Life-style Strategies on Cognitive and Social Determinants in Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:618395. [PMID: 33519369 PMCID: PMC7841337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.618395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the human life span has dramatically increased, and therefore, a steady increase in diseases associated with age (such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) is expected. In these neurodegenerative diseases, there is a cognitive decline and memory loss, which accompany increased systemic inflammation, the inflamm-aging, and the insulin resistance. Despite numerous studies of age-related pathologies, data on the contribution of brain insulin resistance and innate immunity components to aging are insufficient. Recently, much research has been focused on the consequences of nutrients and adiposity- and nutrient-related signals in brain aging and cognitive decline. Moreover, given the role of metainflammation in neurodegeneration, lifestyle interventions such as calorie restriction may be an effective way to break the vicious cycle of metainflammation and have a role in social behavior. The various effects of calorie restriction on metainflammation, insulin resistance, and neurodegeneration have been described. Less attention has been paid to the social determinants of aging and the possible mechanism by which calorie restriction might influence social behavior. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge in the interdisciplinary field of geroscience-immunosenescence, inflamm-aging, and metainflammation-which makes a significant contribution to aging. A substantial part of the review is devoted to frontiers in the brain insulin resistance in relation to neuroinflammation. In addition, we summarize new data on potential mechanisms of calorie restriction that influence as a lifestyle intervention on the social brain. This knowledge can be used to initiate successful aging and slow the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Komleva
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anatoly Chernykh
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yana Gorina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Irina Lokteva
- Medical Center “Private Practice”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla Salmina
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Greifswald Medical School, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Wolgast Hospital, Wolgast, Germany
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Alam F, Khan TA, Ali R, Tariq F, Rehman R. SIRTI and cortisol in unexplained infertile females; a cross sectional study, in Karachi Pakistan. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 59:189-194. [PMID: 32127136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore a disparity in anti-oxidants (SIRT1) and pro-oxidants (cortisol) levels as a plausible cause of unexplained infertility in females. METHODOLOGY It was a cross sectional study in which 342 females with unexplained infertility were recruited from ACIMC outpatient clinic: 135 infertile cases and 207 fertile controls. Biochemical estimation of serum cortisol and SIRT1 was performed using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student-t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Associations between circulating hormone levels and infertility were determined using Spearman's rank correlation. Associations were considered significant where value of p was less than 0.05. RESULTS The stress hormones profile of case and control demonstrated that the antioxidant SIRT1 was significantly lower in infertile females when compared with the fertile (p =< 0.001) while (the oxidant) Cortisol showed a contrast of results with higher values of in infertile females when compared with fertile counterparts (p =< 0.01). There was a strong negative association observed between SIRT1 and cortisol serum level (r = 0.244, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Chronic stress causes oxidative stress that is depicted by a decrease in antioxidant levels in infertile females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Alam
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rabiya Ali
- Department of Physiology, Bahria University of Medical and Dental College, Karachi Campus (BUMDC), Pakistan
| | | | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences (BBS), Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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27
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Conti V, Corbi G, Polito MV, Ciccarelli M, Manzo V, Torsiello M, De Bellis E, D’Auria F, Vitulano G, Piscione F, Carrizzo A, Di Pietro P, Vecchione C, Ferrara N, Filippelli A. Sirt1 Activity in PBMCs as a Biomarker of Different Heart Failure Phenotypes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111590. [PMID: 33238655 PMCID: PMC7700185 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) is a syndrome, which implies the existence of different phenotypes. The new categorization includes patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), mid-range EF (HFmrEF), and reduced EF (HFrEF) but the molecular mechanisms involved in these HF phenotypes have not yet been exhaustively investigated. Sirt1 plays a crucial role in biological processes strongly related to HF. This study aimed to evaluate whether Sirt1 activity was correlated with EF and other parameters in HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF. Seventy patients, HFpEF (n = 23), HFmrEF (n = 23) and HFrEF (n = 24), were enrolled at the Cardiology Unit of the University Hospital of Salerno. Sirt1 activity was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) levels were quantified in plasma. HFpEF showed lower Sirt1 and ACE2 activities than both HFmrEF and HFrEF (p < 0.0001), without difference compared to No HF controls. In HFmrEF and HFrEF a very strong correlation was found between Sirt1 activity and EF (r2 = 0.899 and r2 = 0.909, respectively), and between ACE2 activity and Sirt1 (r2 = 0.801 and r2 = 0.802, respectively). HFrEF showed the highest TNF-α levels without reaching statistical significance. Significant differences in BNP were found among the groups, with the highest levels in the HFrEF. Determining Sirt1 activity in PBMCs is useful to distinguish the HF patients’ phenotypes from each other, especially HFmrEF/HFrEF from HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Maria Vincenza Polito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Valentina Manzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-672-424
| | - Martina Torsiello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Emanuela De Bellis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Federica D’Auria
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Gennaro Vitulano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Federico Piscione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA-Società Benefit, IRCCS, 82037 Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.P.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (E.D.B.); (F.D.); (G.V.); (F.P.); (A.C.); (P.D.P.); (C.V.); (A.F.)
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Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly-An Epigenetic Connection? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113366. [PMID: 33139626 PMCID: PMC7692262 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous increase in life expectancy results in a steady increase of cancer risk, which consequently increases the population of older adults with cancer. Older adults have their age-related nutritional needs and often suffer from comorbidities that may affect cancer therapy. They frequently are malnourished and present advanced-stage cancer. Therefore, this group of patients requires a special multidisciplinary approach to optimize their therapy and increase quality of life impaired by aging, cancer, and the side effects of therapy. Evaluation strategies, taking advantage of comprehensive geriatric assessment tools, including the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), can help individualize treatment. As epigenetics, an emerging element of the regulation of gene expression, is involved in both aging and cancer and the epigenetic profile can be modulated by the diet, it seems to be a candidate to assist with planning a nutritional intervention in elderly populations with cancer. In this review, we present problems associated with the diet and nutrition in the elderly undergoing active cancer therapy and provide some information on epigenetic aspects of aging and cancer transformation. Nutritional interventions modulating the epigenetic profile, including caloric restriction and basal diet with modifications (elimination diet, supplementary diet) are discussed as the ways to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and maintain the quality of life of older adults with cancer.
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Zemel MB. Modulation of Energy Sensing by Leucine Synergy with Natural Sirtuin Activators: Effects on Health Span. J Med Food 2020; 23:1129-1135. [PMID: 32758058 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirt1 and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are energy-sensing systems that work cooperatively and regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and fuel metabolism, and mediate, in part, the salutary effects of caloric restriction on lifespan and healthspan. We have shown that leucine activates Sirt1 and enables synergy with sirtuin co-activators. Resveratrol is a widely recognized activator of Sirt1; however, poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism limit effective clinical translation of promising animal data. However, we found that combining low resveratrol doses with leucine increased skeletal muscle and adipocyte Sirt1 activity, mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation; these effects result in increased lifespan and marked reductions in insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, body weight, and visceral adiposity in preclinical models. To translate these data to humans, we assessed the effects of resveratrol (50 mg)/leucine (1.11 g) on glucose dynamics in a 4-week placebo-controlled trial of 36 prediabetic subjects. Leucine-resveratrol reduced insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) 33% with corresponding reductions in glucose and insulin area under the curve in oral glucose tolerance tests. We extended these concepts in preclinical studies using both direct Sirt1 activators and Sirt1 pathway activators. Low-dose (10 nM) NAD+ precursors (nicotinic acid, nicotinamide mononucleotide, and nicotinamide riboside) synergized with leucine to increase Sirt1 activity in adipocytes, hepatocytes, and muscle cells (30-100%, P < .01) and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (25%, P = .025) and to significantly regress atherosclerotic lesion size and macrophage infiltration in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Thus, synergistic activation of Sirt1 using leucine and a co-activator exerts pleiotropic effects impacting cardiometabolic endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Zemel
- NuSirt Biopharma, Research and Development, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Dave DT, Patel BM. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer Cachexia: Novel Drug Target. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1141-1153. [PMID: 31418657 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190816162658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome prevalent in the majority of the advanced cancers and is associated with complications such as anorexia, early satiety, weakness, anaemia, and edema, thereby reducing performance and impairing quality of life. Skeletal muscle wasting is a characteristic feature of cancer-cachexia and mitochondria is responsible for regulating total protein turnover in skeletal muscle tissue. METHODS We carried out exhaustive search for cancer cachexia and role of mitochondria in the same in various databases. All the relevant articles were gathered and the pertinent information was extracted out and compiled which was further structured into different sub-sections. RESULTS Various findings on the mitochondrial alterations in connection to its disturbed normal physiology in various models of cancer-cachexia have been recently reported, suggesting a significant role of the organelle in the pathogenesis of the complications involved in the disorder. It has also been reported that reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity is due to reduced mitochondrial biogenesis as well as altered balance between fusion and fission protein activities. Moreover, autophagy in mitochondria (termed as mitophagy) is reported to play an important role in cancer cachexia. CONCLUSION The present review aims to put forth the changes occurring in mitochondria and hence explore possible targets which can be exploited in cancer-induced cachexia for treatment of such a debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani T Dave
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
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Huang H, Xu Z, Qi Y, Zhang W, Zhang C, Jiang M, Deng S, Wang H. Exosomes from SIRT1-Overexpressing ADSCs Restore Cardiac Function by Improving Angiogenic Function of EPCs. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:737-750. [PMID: 32771925 PMCID: PMC7412761 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of mortality in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exosomes from Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-overexpressing adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) had a protective effect on AMI. The expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7) was significantly downregulated in peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from AMI patients (AMI-EPCs) compared with that in healthy donors, which coincided with impaired tube formation. The exosomes from SIRT1 overexpression in ADSCs (ADSCs-SIRT1-Exos) increased the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) in AMI-EPCs, which promoted migration and tube formation of AMI-EPCs, and overexpression of CXCR7 helped AMI-EPCs to restore the function of cell migration and tube formation. Moreover, CXCR7 was downregulated in the myocardium of AMI mice, and knockout of CXCR7 exacerbated AMI-induced impairment of cardiovascular function. Injection of ADSCs-SIRT1-Exos increased the survival and promoted the recovery of myocardial function with reduced infarct size and post-AMI left ventricular remodeling, induced vasculogenesis, and decreased AMI-induced myocardial inflammation. These findings showed that ADSCs-SIRT1-Exos may recruit EPCs to the repair area and that this recruitment may be mediated by Nrf2/CXCL12/CXCR7 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Chenjun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Shengqiong Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China.
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Badreh F, Joukar S, Badavi M, Rashno M, Dehesh T. The Effects of Age and Fasting Models on Blood Pressure, Insulin/Glucose Profile, and Expression of Longevity Proteins in Male Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 23:224-236. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Firuzeh Badreh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashno
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tania Dehesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Arenas-Jal M, Suñé-Negre JM, García-Montoya E. Therapeutic potential of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 879:173158. [PMID: 32360833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD) is a small ubiquitous hydrophilic cofactor that participates in several aspects of cellular metabolism. As a coenzyme it has an essential role in the regulation of energetic metabolism, but it is also a cosubstrate for enzymes that regulate fundamental biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, signaling and DNA repairing among others. The fluctuation and oxidative state of NAD levels regulate the activity of these enzymes, which is translated into marked effects on cellular function. While alterations in NAD homeostasis are a common feature of different conditions and age-associated diseases, in general, increased NAD levels have been associated with beneficial health effects. Due to its therapeutic potential, the interest in this molecule has been renewed, and the regulation of NAD metabolism has become an attractive target for drug discovery. In fact, different approaches to replenish or increase NAD levels have been tested, including enhancement of biosynthesis and inhibition of NAD breakdown. Despite further research is needed, this review provides an overview and update on NAD metabolism, including the therapeutic potential of its regulation, as well as pharmacokinetics, safety, precautions and formulation challenges of NAD supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arenas-Jal
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department (Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ICN2 - Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (Autonomous University of Barcelona), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - J M Suñé-Negre
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department (Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarna García-Montoya
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department (Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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NoxO1 Knockout Promotes Longevity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030226. [PMID: 32164269 PMCID: PMC7139303 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the free radical theory of aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to be a major cause of aging for a long time. Meanwhile, it became clear that ROS have diverse functions in a healthy organism. They act as second messengers, and as transient inhibitors of phosphatases and others. In fact, their detrimental role is highly dependent on the context of their production. NADPH oxidases (Nox) have been discovered as a controllable source of ROS. NoxO1 enables constitutive ROS formation by Nox1 by acting as a constitutively active cytosolic subunit of the complex. We previously found that both Nox1 and NoxO1 were highly expressed in the colon, and that NoxO1-/- deficiency reduces colon health. We hypothesized that a healthy colon potentially contributes to longevity and NoxO1 deficiency would reduce lifetime, at least in mouse. In contrast, here we provide evidence that the knockout of NoxO1 results in an elongated life expectancy of mice. No better endothelial function, nor an improved expression of genes related to longevity, such as Sirt1, were found, and therefore may not serve as an explanation for a longer life in NoxO1 deficiency. Rather minor systemic differences, such as lower body weight occur. As a potential reason for longer life, we suggest better DNA repair capacity in NoxO1 deficient mice. Although final fatal DNA damage appears similar between wildtype and NoxO1 knockout animals, we identified less intermediate DNA damage in colon cells of NoxO1-/- mice, while the number of cells with intact DNA is elevated in NoxO1-/- colons. We conclude that NoxO1 deficiency prolongs lifetime of mice, which correlates with less intermediate and potentially fixable DNA damage at least in colon cells.
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Luo J, Mills K, le Cessie S, Noordam R, van Heemst D. Ageing, age-related diseases and oxidative stress: What to do next? Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100982. [PMID: 31733333 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among other mechanisms, oxidative stress has been postulated to play an important role in the rate of ageing. Oxidative damage contributes to the hallmarks of ageing and essential components in pathological pathways which are thought to drive multiple age-related diseases. Nonetheless, results from studies testing the hypothesis of oxidative stress in ageing and diseases showed controversial results. While observational studies mainly found detrimental effects of high oxidative stress levels on disease status, randomized clinical trials examining the effect of antioxidant supplementation on disease status generally showed null effects. However, re-evaluations of these counterinitiative observations are required considering the lack of reliability and specificity of traditionally used biomarkers for measuring oxidative stress. To facilitate these re-evaluations, this review summarizes the basic knowledge of oxidative stress and the present findings regarding the role of oxidative damage in ageing and age-related diseases. Meanwhile, two approaches are highlighted, namely proper participants selection, together with the development of reliable biomarkers. We propose that oxidized vitamin E metabolites may be used to accurately monitor individual functional antioxidant level, which might serve as promising key solutions for future elucidating the impact of oxidative stress on ageing and age-related diseases.
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Schmeer C, Kretz A, Wengerodt D, Stojiljkovic M, Witte OW. Dissecting Aging and Senescence-Current Concepts and Open Lessons. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111446. [PMID: 31731770 PMCID: PMC6912776 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the programmed nature of development, it is still a matter of debate whether aging is an adaptive and regulated process, or merely a consequence arising from a stochastic accumulation of harmful events that culminate in a global state of reduced fitness, risk for disease acquisition, and death. Similarly unanswered are the questions of whether aging is reversible and can be turned into rejuvenation as well as how aging is distinguishable from and influenced by cellular senescence. With the discovery of beneficial aspects of cellular senescence and evidence of senescence being not limited to replicative cellular states, a redefinition of our comprehension of aging and senescence appears scientifically overdue. Here, we provide a factor-based comparison of current knowledge on aging and senescence, which we converge on four suggested concepts, thereby implementing the newly emerging cellular and molecular aspects of geroconversion and amitosenescence, and the signatures of a genetic state termed genosenium. We also address the possibility of an aging-associated secretory phenotype in analogy to the well-characterized senescence-associated secretory phenotype and delineate the impact of epigenetic regulation in aging and senescence. Future advances will elucidate the biological and molecular fingerprints intrinsic to either process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmeer
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany; (A.K.); (D.W.); (M.S.); (O.W.W.)
- Jena Center for Healthy Ageing, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandra Kretz
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany; (A.K.); (D.W.); (M.S.); (O.W.W.)
- Jena Center for Healthy Ageing, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Diane Wengerodt
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany; (A.K.); (D.W.); (M.S.); (O.W.W.)
| | - Milan Stojiljkovic
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany; (A.K.); (D.W.); (M.S.); (O.W.W.)
- Jena Center for Healthy Ageing, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany; (A.K.); (D.W.); (M.S.); (O.W.W.)
- Jena Center for Healthy Ageing, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany
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Cerovic M, Forloni G, Balducci C. Neuroinflammation and the Gut Microbiota: Possible Alternative Therapeutic Targets to Counteract Alzheimer's Disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:284. [PMID: 31680937 PMCID: PMC6813195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multi-factorial disease affecting various brain systems. This complexity implies that successful therapies must be directed against several core neuropathological targets rather than single ones. The scientific community has made great efforts to identify the right AD targets beside the historic amyloid-β (Aβ). Neuroinflammation is re-emerging as determinant in the neuropathological process of AD. A new theory, still in its infancy, highlights the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the control of brain development, but also in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous systems, called gut-brain axes, is largely influenced by GM and the immune system is a potential key mediator of this interaction. Growing evidence points to the role of GM in the maturation and activation of host microglia and peripheral immune cells. Several recent studies have found abnormalities in GM (dysbiosis) in AD populations. These observations raise the intriguing question whether and how GM dysbiosis could contribute to AD development through action on the immune system and whether, in a therapeutic prospective, the development of strategies preserving a healthy GM might become a valuable approach to prevent AD. Here, we review the evidence from animal models and humans of the role of GM in neuroinflammation and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Cerovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Madkour MI, T El-Serafi A, Jahrami HA, Sherif NM, Hassan RE, Awadallah S, Faris MAIE. Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting modulates SOD2, TFAM, Nrf2, and sirtuins (SIRT1, SIRT3) gene expressions in subjects with overweight and obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 155:107801. [PMID: 31356832 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM A growing body of evidence supports the impact of intermittent fasting on normalizing body metabolism and lowering oxidative stress and inflammation. Mounting evidence confirms that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation trigger the way for the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on the expression of cellular metabolism (SIRT1 and SIRT3) and antioxidant genes (TFAM, SOD2, and Nrf2). METHODS Fifty-six (34 males and 22 females) overweight and obese subjects and six healthy body weight controls were recruited and monitored before and after Ramadan. RESULTS Results showed that the relative gene expressions in obese subjects in comparison to counterpart expressions of controls for the antioxidant genes (TFAM, SOD2, and Nrf2) were significantly increased at the end of Ramadan, with percent increments of 90.5%, 54.1% and 411.5% for the three genes, respectively. However, the metabolism-controlling gene (SIRT3) showed a highly significant (P < 0.001) downregulation accompanied with a trend for reduction in SIRT1 gene at the end of Ramadan month, with percent decrements of 61.8% and 10.4%, respectively. Binary regression analysis revealed significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between high energy intake (>2000 Kcal/day vs. <2000 Kcal/day) and expressions of SOD2 and TFAM (r = 0.84 and r = 0.9, respectively). CONCLUSION Results suggest that RIF ameliorates the genetic expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory genes. Thus, RIF presumably may entail a protective impact against oxidative stress and its adverse metabolic-related derangements in non-diabetic obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Madkour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed T El-Serafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates and Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Haitham A Jahrami
- Rehabilitation Services, Periphery Hospitals, Ministry of Health, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Naglaa M Sherif
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mo'ez Al-Islam E Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Altered Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Arrhythmogenesis in the Aged Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102386. [PMID: 31091723 PMCID: PMC6566636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the heart is associated with a blunted response to sympathetic stimulation, reduced contractility, and increased propensity for arrhythmias, with the risk of sudden cardiac death significantly increased in the elderly population. The altered cardiac structural and functional phenotype, as well as age-associated prevalent comorbidities including hypertension and atherosclerosis, predispose the heart to atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. At the cellular level, perturbations in mitochondrial function, excitation-contraction coupling, and calcium homeostasis contribute to this electrical and contractile dysfunction. Major determinants of cardiac contractility are the intracellular release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by the ryanodine receptors (RyR2), and the following sequestration of Ca2+ by the sarco/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a). Activity of RyR2 and SERCa2a in myocytes is not only dependent on expression levels and interacting accessory proteins, but on fine-tuned regulation via post-translational modifications. In this paper, we review how aberrant changes in intracellular Ca2+ cycling via these proteins contributes to arrhythmogenesis in the aged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Kabiljo J, Murko C, Pusch O, Zupkovitz G. Spatio-temporal expression profile of sirtuins during aging of the annual fish Nothobranchius furzeri. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 33:11-19. [PMID: 31075496 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The founding member of the sirtuin family, yeast Sir2, was the first evolutionarily conserved gene to be identified as a regulator of longevity. Sirtuins constitute a protein family of metabolic sensors, translating changes in NAD + levels into adaptive responses, thereby acting as crucial regulators of the network that controls energy homeostasis and as such determines healthspan. In mammals the sirtuin family comprises seven proteins, SIRT1-SIRT7, which vary in tissue specificity, subcellular localization, enzymatic activity and targets. Here, we report the identification and a detailed spatio-temporal expression profile of sirtuin genes in the short-lived fish Nothobranchius furzeri, from embryogenesis to late adulthood, mapping its entire life cycle. Database exploration of the recently published N. furzeri genome revealed eight orthologues corresponding to the seven known mammalian sirtuins, including two copies of the sirt5 gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed high cross species similarity of individual sirtuins in both their overall amino acid sequence and catalytic domain, suggesting a high degree of functional conservation. Moreover, we show that N. furzeri sirtuins exhibit ubiquitous and wide tissue distribution with a unique spatial expression pattern for each individual member of this enzyme family. Specifically, we observed a transcriptional down-regulation of several sirtuin genes with age, most significantly sirt1, sirt5a, sirt6 and sirt7 in a wide range of functionally distinct tissues. Overall, this spatio-temporal expression analysis provides the foundation for future research, both into genetic and pharmacological manipulation of this important group of enzymes in Nothobranchius furzeri, an emerging model organism for aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julijan Kabiljo
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Christina Murko
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Oliver Pusch
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Gordin Zupkovitz
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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Borji M, Nourbakhsh M, Shafiee SM, Owji AA, Abdolvahabi Z, Hesari Z, Ilbeigi D, Seiri P, Yousefi Z. Down-Regulation of SIRT1 Expression by mir-23b Contributes to Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Cells. Biochem Genet 2019; 57:507-521. [PMID: 30697640 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease and therefore is currently considered a major public health problem. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD-dependent deacetylase enzyme that contributes in the regulation of metabolic processes and protects against lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Its expression is potentially regulated by microRNAs which attach to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of their target mRNA. HepG2 cells were incubated by glucose to induce lipid accumulation and were subsequently transfected with mir-23b mimic and inhibitor. Real-time PCR was used for measuring the expression of mir-23b and SIRT1 mRNA. Cell survival assay and intracellular triglyceride measurement were performed using colorimetric methods. Determination of SIRT1 protein level and activity were done by western blot and fluorometric analysis, respectively. The interaction of miR-23b with 3'-UTR of SIRT1 mRNA was confirmed by dual luciferase. miR-23b mimic inhibited gene and protein expression of SIRT1, while the inhibitor of miR-23b significantly elevated the expression levels of SIRT1 mRNA and protein. The results showed that the 3'-UTR of SIRT1 mRNA is a direct target for miR-23b. The intracellular triglyceride level was increased following the inhibition of SIRT1 in transfected HepG2 cell by miR-23b mimic. Cell viability was decreased in response to miR-23b upregulation compared to control cells. miR-23b reduces the expression and activity of SIRT1 and therefore may be a causative factor in the enhancement of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Borji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Owji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Abdolvahabi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hesari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Davod Ilbeigi
- Neuroscience Researcher Center, Torbat Heydarieh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Seiri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeynab Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
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Sun W, Qiao W, Zhou B, Hu Z, Yan Q, Wu J, Wang R, Zhang Q, Miao D. Overexpression of Sirt1 in mesenchymal stem cells protects against bone loss in mice by FOXO3a deacetylation and oxidative stress inhibition. Metabolism 2018; 88:61-71. [PMID: 30318050 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) deficiency (Bmi-1-/-) leads to an osteoporotic phenotype with a significant downregulation of Sirt1 protein expression. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) haploinsufficiency results in a bone loss by decreased bone formation; however, it is unclear whether Sirt1 overexpression in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays an anti-osteoporotic role. The aim of the study is to identify whether the overexpression of Sirt1 in MSCs could restore skeletal growth retardation and osteoporosis in Bmi-1 deficient mice. METHODS We used our new generated transgenic mouse model that overexpresses Sirt1 in its MSCs (Sirt1TG) to cross with Bmi-1-/- mice to generate Bmi-1-/- mice with Sirt1 overexpression in MSCs, and compared their skeletal metabolism with those of their Bmi-1-/- and wild-type (WT) littermates (6 mice for each genotype) at 4 weeks of age using imaging, histopathological, immunohistochemical, histomorphometric, cellular, and molecular methods. RESULTS The levels of expression for Sirt1 were noticeably higher in the skeletal tissue of Sirt1TG mice than in those of WT mice. In Comparison to WT mice, the body weight and size, skeletal size, bone volume, osteoblast number, alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen positive areas, osteogenic related gene expression levels were all significantly increased in the Sirt1TG mice. Overexpression of Sirt1 in Bmi-1-/- mouse MSCs resulted in a longer lifespan, improved skeletal growth and significantly increased bone mass by stimulating osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption in the Bmi-1-/- mice, although the defects were not completely restored. Furthermore, Sirt1 overexpression in MSCs reduced the acetylation level of FOXO3a (Forkhead box O3a), increasing levels of expression for FOXO3a and SOD2 (Superoxide dismutase 2) in bony tissue, enhanced osteogenesis and reduced osteogenic cell senescence. We also demonstrated that nicotinamide, a Sirt1 inhibitor, blocks the effect of overexpression of Sirt1 in MSCs on osteogenesis and osteogenic cell senescence. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that Sirt1 overexpression in MSCs increased the osteoblastic bone formation and partially restores the defects in skeletal growth and osteogenesis in Bmi-1-/- mice by FOXO3a deacetylation and oxidative stress inhibition. Our data support the proposal that Sirt1 is a target for promoting bone formation as an anabolic approach for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanxin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanquan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Shanghai Lida Polytechnic Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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