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Donovan MK, Abdel-Rahman AA. Ethanol-induced lung and cardiac right ventricular inflammation and remodeling underlie progression to pulmonary arterial hypertension. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1250-1260. [PMID: 38710650 PMCID: PMC11236493 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research on ethanol-induced cardiovascular anomalies has focused on left ventricular (LV) function and blood pressure. To extend this area of research, we sought to determine whether ethanol-induced alterations in the structure and function of the right cardiac ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA) lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats received a balanced liquid diet containing 5% ethanol (w/v) or a pair-fed isocaloric liquid diet for 8 weeks. Weekly echocardiography was conducted to evaluate cardiopulmonary function, and lung and RV tissues were collected for ex vivo histological and molecular studies. RESULTS The ethanol-treated rats exhibited: (1) Elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure and decreased pulmonary artery acceleration time/ejection time; (2) Pulmonary vascular remodeling comprising intrapulmonary artery medial layer thickening; and (3) RV hypertrophy along with increased RV/LV + septum, RV diameter, RV cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and LV mass/body weight ratio. These responses were associated with increased lung and RV pro-inflammatory markers, endothelin-1 (ET-1), TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and higher ET-1, ET-1 type A/B receptor ratio, and downregulation of the cytoprotective protein, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), in the lungs. CONCLUSION These findings show that moderate ethanol-induced cardiopulmonary changes underlie progression to PAH via an upregulated proinflammatory ET1-TNFα-IL6 pathway and suppression of the anti-inflammatory BMPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Katherine Donovan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Darlami O, Pun R, Ahn SH, Kim SH, Shin D. Macrocyclization strategy for improving candidate profiles in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116501. [PMID: 38754142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Macrocycles are defined as cyclic compounds with 12 or more members. In medicinal chemistry, they are categorized based on their core chemistry into cyclic peptides and macrocycles. Macrocycles are advantageous because of their structural diversity and ability to achieve high affinity and selectivity towards challenging targets that are often not addressable by conventional small molecules. The potential of macrocyclization to optimize drug-like properties while maintaining adequate bioavailability and permeability has been emphasized as a key innovation in medicinal chemistry. This review provides a detailed case study of the application of macrocyclization over the past 5 years, starting from the initial analysis of acyclic active compounds to optimization of the resulting macrocycles for improved efficacy and drug-like properties. Additionally, it illustrates the strategic value of macrocyclization in contemporary drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Darlami
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon, 21935, Republic of Korea
| | - Rabin Pun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon, 21935, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Gangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Gangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon, 21935, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Correale M, Chirivì F, Bevere EML, Tricarico L, D’Alto M, Badagliacca R, Brunetti ND, Vizza CD, Ghio S. Endothelial Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Bench to Bedside. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2444. [PMID: 38673717 PMCID: PMC11051060 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a complex pathology whose etiology is still not completely well clarified. The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension involves different molecular mechanisms, with endothelial dysfunction playing a central role in disease progression. Both individual genetic predispositions and environmental factors seem to contribute to its onset. To further understand the complex relationship between endothelial and pulmonary hypertension and try to contribute to the development of future therapies, we report a comprehensive and updated review on endothelial function in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Correale
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Chirivì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Ester Maria Lucia Bevere
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Lucia Tricarico
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Michele D’Alto
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania L. ‘Vanvitelli’, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Natale D. Brunetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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4
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Nahalka J. 1-L Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4440. [PMID: 38674024 PMCID: PMC11049929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid research on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Consequently, new data can be used to advance the molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present bioinformatics study discusses the "spikeopathy" at the molecular level and focuses on the possible post-transcriptional regulation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit in the host cell/tissue. A theoretical protein-RNA recognition code was used to check the compatibility of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit with mRNAs in the human transcriptome (1-L transcription). The principle for this method is elucidated on the defined RNA binding protein GEMIN5 (gem nuclear organelle-associated protein 5) and RNU2-1 (U2 spliceosomal RNA). Using the method described here, it was shown that 45% of the genes/proteins identified by 1-L transcription of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit are directly linked to COVID-19, 39% are indirectly linked to COVID-19, and 16% cannot currently be associated with COVID-19. The identified genes/proteins are associated with stroke, diabetes, and cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Nahalka
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84538 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for White-Green Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, SK-94976 Nitra, Slovakia
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5
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Aravamudhan A, Dieffenbach PB, Choi KM, Link PA, Meridew JA, Haak AJ, Fredenburgh LE, Tschumperlin DJ. Non-canonical IKB kinases regulate YAP/TAZ and pathological vascular remodeling behaviors in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15999. [PMID: 38610069 PMCID: PMC11014870 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) causes pulmonary vascular remodeling, increasing pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and leading to right heart failure and death. Matrix stiffening early in the disease promotes remodeling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), contributing to PAH pathogenesis. Our research identified YAP and TAZ as key drivers of the mechanobiological feedback loop in PASMCs, suggesting targeting them could mitigate remodeling. However, YAP/TAZ are ubiquitously expressed and carry out diverse functions, necessitating a cell-specific approach. Our previous work demonstrated that targeting non-canonical IKB kinase TBK1 reduced YAP/TAZ activation in human lung fibroblasts. Here, we investigate non-canonical IKB kinases TBK1 and IKKε in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and their potential to modulate PASMC pathogenic remodeling by regulating YAP/TAZ. We show that TBK1 and IKKε are activated in PASMCs in a rat PH model. Inflammatory cytokines, elevated in PAH, activate these kinases in human PASMCs. Inhibiting TBK1/IKKε expression/activity significantly reduces PAH-associated PASMC remodeling, with longer-lasting effects on YAP/TAZ than treprostinil, an approved PAH therapy. These results show that non-canonical IKB kinases regulate YAP/TAZ in PASMCs and may offer a novel approach for reducing vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja Aravamudhan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Paul B. Dieffenbach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Patrick A. Link
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meridew
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Andrew J. Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Laura E. Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
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6
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Zhao H, Song J, Li X, Xia Z, Wang Q, Fu J, Miao Y, Wang D, Wang X. The role of immune cells and inflammation in pulmonary hypertension: mechanisms and implications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374506. [PMID: 38529271 PMCID: PMC10962924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a malignant disease with progressive increase of pulmonary vascular pressure, which eventually leads to right heart failure. More and more evidences show that immune cells and inflammation play an important role in the occurrence and development of PH. In the context of pulmonary vascular diseases, immune cells migrate into the walls of the pulmonary vascular system. This leads to an increase in the levels of cytokines and chemokines in both the bloodstream and the surrounding tissues of the pulmonary vessels. As a result, new approaches such as immunotherapy and anti-inflammatory treatments are being considered as potential strategies to halt or potentially reverse the progression of PH. We reviewed the potential mechanisms of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines in PH development. The potential relationship of vascular cells or bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) in immune regulation was also expounded. The clinical application and future prospect of immunotherapy were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Department of Limb Trauma, Wendeng Orthopaedic Hospital of Shandong Province, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Medicine, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhaoyi Xia
- Department of Library, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Library, Jinan Children's Hospital, Shandong, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- Department of Limb Trauma, Wendeng Orthopaedic Hospital of Shandong Province, Weihai, Shandong, China
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7
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Weible MW, Lovelace MD, Mundell HD, Pang TWR, Chan-Ling T. BMPRII + neural precursor cells isolated and characterized from organotypic neurospheres: an in vitro model of human fetal spinal cord development. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:447-457. [PMID: 37488910 PMCID: PMC10503628 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development, including the formation of the ascending sensory columns, though their biology is not well understood. Type-II BMP receptor (BMPRII), the cognate receptor, is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis; however, an in vitro method of enriching BMPRII+ human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) from the fetal spinal cord is absent. Immunofluorescence was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BMPRII and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Regions of highest BMPRII+ immunofluorescence localized to sensory columns. Parenchymal and meningeal-associated BMPRII+ vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers, CD34/CD39. LIF immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons, mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/CD118. A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages, while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified, cytoarchitecture. These neurospheres were characterized by BMPRII+/MAP2ab+/-/βIII-tubulin+/nestin-/vimentin-/GFAP-/NeuN- surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core of βIII-tubulin+/nestin+/vimentin+/GFAP+/MAP2ab-/NeuN- multipotent precursors. Dissociated cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal (βIII-tubulin+), astrocytic (GFAP+), and oligodendrocytic (O4+) lineage cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-sorted BMPRII+ hNPCs were MAP2ab+/-/βIII-tubulin+/GFAP-/O4- in culture. This is the first isolation of BMPRII+ hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal cords. Our data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres, characterized by surface BMPRII+ hNPCs. Our study has provided a new methodology for an in vitro model capable of amplifying human fetal spinal cord cell numbers for > 10 passages. Investigations of the role BMPRII plays in spinal cord development have primarily relied upon mouse and rat models, with interpolations to human development being derived through inference. Because of significant species differences between murine biology and human, including anatomical dissimilarities in central nervous system (CNS) structure, the findings made in murine models cannot be presumed to apply to human spinal cord development. For these reasons, our human in vitro model offers a novel tool to better understand neurodevelopmental pathways, including BMP signaling, as well as spinal cord injury research and testing drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Weible
- Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology (F13), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael D. Lovelace
- Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology (F13), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamish D. Mundell
- Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology (F13), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tsz Wai Rosita Pang
- Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology (F13), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tailoi Chan-Ling
- Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology (F13), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Jankowski K, Jagana V, Bisserier M, Hadri L. Switch-Independent 3A: An Epigenetic Regulator in Cancer with New Implications for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2023; 12:10. [PMID: 38275371 PMCID: PMC10813728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression and are pivotal in biological processes like apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. SIN3a serves as a scaffold protein and facilitates interactions with transcriptional epigenetic partners and specific DNA-binding transcription factors to modulate gene expression by adding or removing epigenetic marks. However, the activation or repression of gene expression depends on the factors that interact with SIN3a, as it can recruit both transcriptional activators and repressors. The role of SIN3a has been extensively investigated in the context of cancer, including melanoma, lung, and breast cancer. Our group is interested in defining the roles of SIN3a and its partners in pulmonary vascular disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial disease often described as a cancer-like disease and characterized by disrupted cellular metabolism, sustained vascular cell proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. Molecularly, PAH shares many common signaling pathways with cancer cells, offering the opportunity to further consider therapeutic strategies used for cancer. As a result, many signaling pathways observed in cancer were studied in PAH and have encouraged new research studying SIN3a's role in PAH due to its impact on cancer growth. This comparison offers new therapeutic options. In this review, we delineate the SIN3a-associated epigenetic mechanisms in cancer and PAH cells and highlight their impact on cell survival and proliferation. Furthermore, we explore in detail the role of SIN3a in cancer to provide new insights into its emerging role in PAH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Jankowski
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vineeta Jagana
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Physiology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, BSB 131A, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (V.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Malik Bisserier
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Physiology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, BSB 131A, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (V.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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9
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Sánchez-Duffhues G, Hiepen C. Human iPSCs as Model Systems for BMP-Related Rare Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2200. [PMID: 37681932 PMCID: PMC10487005 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling contribute to onset and development of a number of rare genetic diseases, including Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). After decades of animal research to build a solid foundation in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms, the progressive implementation of iPSC-based patient-derived models will improve drug development by addressing drug efficacy, specificity, and toxicity in a complex humanized environment. We will review the current state of literature on iPSC-derived model systems in this field, with special emphasis on the access to patient source material and the complications that may come with it. Given the essential role of BMPs during embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, gain- or loss-of-function mutations in the BMP signalling pathway may compromise iPSC generation, maintenance, and differentiation procedures. This review highlights the need for careful optimization of the protocols used. Finally, we will discuss recent developments towards complex in vitro culture models aiming to resemble specific tissue microenvironments with multi-faceted cellular inputs, such as cell mechanics and ECM together with organoids, organ-on-chip, and microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), ISPA-HUCA, Avda. de Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, August-Schmidt-Ring 10, 45665 Recklinghausen, Germany
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10
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Yoh Y, Shiohama T, Uchida T, Ebata R, Kobayashi H, Okunushi K, Kato M, Watanabe K, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Hamada H. Case report: Progressive pulmonary artery hypertension in a case of megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1221745. [PMID: 37614820 PMCID: PMC10442816 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1221745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome (MCAP, OMIM # 602501) is caused by hyperactivity of the thephosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-Vakt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which results in megalencephaly, capillary malformations, asymmetrical overgrowth, and connective tissue dysplasia. Herein, we report the case of a 7-month-old girl with MCAP due to a PIK3CA somatic mosaic variant who presented with atrial tachycardia, finally diagnosed as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Oxygen therapy and sildenafil decreased pulmonary blood pressure and improved atrial tachycardia. Previous studies reported an association between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and abnormal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation, which may be associated with PAH. PAH should be considered a potentially lethal complication in MCAP patients, even when no structural cardiac abnormalities are identified in the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Ebata
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Okunushi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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11
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Pokharel MD, Marciano DP, Fu P, Franco MC, Unwalla H, Tieu K, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Metabolic reprogramming, oxidative stress, and pulmonary hypertension. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102797. [PMID: 37392518 PMCID: PMC10363484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles essential for cell metabolism, growth, and function. It is becoming increasingly clear that endothelial cell dysfunction significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and vascular remodeling of various lung diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and that mitochondria are at the center of this dysfunction. The more we uncover the role mitochondria play in pulmonary vascular disease, the more apparent it becomes that multiple pathways are involved. To achieve effective treatments, we must understand how these pathways are dysregulated to be able to intervene therapeutically. We know that nitric oxide signaling, glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA cycle are abnormal in PAH, along with alterations in the mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, these pathways are incompletely characterized in PAH, especially in endothelial cells, highlighting the urgent need for further research. This review summarizes what is currently known about how mitochondrial metabolism facilitates a metabolic shift in endothelial cells that induces vascular remodeling during PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - David P Marciano
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Maria Clara Franco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Hoshang Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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12
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Bonjoch L, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Alvarez-Barona M, Lopez-Novo A, Herrera-Pariente C, Amigo J, Bujanda L, Remedios D, Dacal A, Cubiella J, Balaguer F, Fernández-Bañares F, Carracedo A, Jover R, Castellvi-Bel S, Ruiz-Ponte C. BMPR2 as a Novel Predisposition Gene for Hereditary Colorectal Polyposis. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:162-172.e5. [PMID: 36907526 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide, with incidence quickly increasing (particularly in the context of early-onset cases), despite important prevention efforts, mainly in the form of population-wide screening programs. Although many cases present a clear familial component, the current list of hereditary CRC genes leaves a considerable proportion of the cases unexplained. METHODS In this work, we used whole-exome sequencing approaches on 19 unrelated patients with unexplained colonic polyposis to identify candidate CRC predisposition genes. The candidate genes were then validated in an additional series of 365 patients. CRISPR-Cas9 models were used to validate BMPR2 as a potential candidate for CRC risk. RESULTS We found 8 individuals carrying 6 different variants in the BMPR2 gene (approximately 2% of our cohort of patients with unexplained colonic polyposis). CRISPR-Cas9 models of 3 of these variants showed that the p.(Asn442Thrfs∗32) truncating variant completely abrogated BMP pathway function in a similar way to the BMPR2 knockout. Missense variants p.(Asn565Ser), p.(Ser967Pro) had varying effects on cell proliferation levels, with the former impairing cell control inhibition via noncanonical pathways. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results support loss-of-function BMPR2 variants as candidates to be involved in CRC germline predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miriam Alvarez-Barona
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anael Lopez-Novo
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Herrera-Pariente
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Amigo
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Hospital Universitario de Donostia, Instituto Biodonostia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Remedios
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Andrés Dacal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Bañares
- Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Digestive Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Amrhein J, Wang G, Berger BT, Berger LM, Kalampaliki AD, Krämer A, Knapp S, Hanke T. Design and Synthesis of Pyrazole-Based Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors Targeting BMPR2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:833-840. [PMID: 37312836 PMCID: PMC10258821 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is mediated by transmembrane protein kinases that form heterotetramers consisting of type-I and type-II receptors. Upon BMP binding, the constitutively active type-II receptors activate specific type-I receptors by transphosphorylation, resulting in the phosphorylation of SMAD effector proteins. Drug discovery in the receptor tyrosine kinase-like (TKL) family has largely focused on type-I receptors, with few inhibitors that have been published targeting type-II receptors. BMPR2 is involved in several diseases, most notably pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also contributes to Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Here, we report that macrocyclization of the promiscuous inhibitor 1, based on a 3-amino-1H-pyrazole hinge binding moiety, led to a selective and potent BMPR2 inhibitor 8a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
A. Amrhein
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structure
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guiqun Wang
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structure
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer
Research Center (DKFZ), DKTK Site Frankfurt-Mainz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structure
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lena M. Berger
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structure
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amalia D. Kalampaliki
- Department
of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structure
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer
Research Center (DKFZ), DKTK Site Frankfurt-Mainz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structure
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer
Research Center (DKFZ), DKTK Site Frankfurt-Mainz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structure
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Toyama T, Kudryashova TV, Ichihara A, Lenna S, Looney A, Shen Y, Jiang L, Teos L, Avolio T, Lin D, Kaplan U, Marden G, Dambal V, Goncharov D, Delisser H, Lafyatis R, Seta F, Goncharova EA, Trojanowska M. GATA6 coordinates cross-talk between BMP10 and oxidative stress axis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6593. [PMID: 37087509 PMCID: PMC10122657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and often death. Here we report that deficiency of transcription factor GATA6 is a shared pathological feature of PA endothelial (PAEC) and smooth muscle cells (PASMC) in human PAH and experimental PH, which is responsible for maintenance of hyper-proliferative cellular phenotypes, pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. We further show that GATA6 acts as a transcription factor and direct positive regulator of anti-oxidant enzymes, and its deficiency in PAH/PH pulmonary vascular cells induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We demonstrate that GATA6 is regulated by the BMP10/BMP receptors axis and its loss in PAECs and PASMC in PAH supports BMPR deficiency. In addition, we have established that GATA6-deficient PAEC, acting in a paracrine manner, increase proliferation and induce other pathological changes in PASMC, supporting the importance of GATA6 in pulmonary vascular cell communication. Treatment with dimethyl fumarate resolved oxidative stress and BMPR deficiency, reversed hemodynamic changes caused by endothelial Gata6 loss in mice, and inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in human PAH PASMC, strongly suggesting that targeting GATA6 deficiency may provide a therapeutic advance for patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Toyama
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Tatiana V Kudryashova
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Asako Ichihara
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Stefania Lenna
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Agnieszka Looney
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yuanjun Shen
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leyla Teos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Avolio
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Derek Lin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ulas Kaplan
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Grace Marden
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Vrinda Dambal
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dmitry Goncharov
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Horace Delisser
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francesca Seta
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Elena A Goncharova
- Pittsburgh Lung, Blood and Heart Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- The Genome and Biomedical Science Facility (GBSF), Rm 6523, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 75 E. Newton St. Evans Building, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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15
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Körbelin J, Klein J, Matuszcak C, Runge J, Harbaum L, Klose H, Hennigs JK. Transcription factors in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension-Current knowledge and therapeutic potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1036096. [PMID: 36684555 PMCID: PMC9853303 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1036096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure. Mortality remains high in severe cases despite significant advances in management and pharmacotherapy. Since currently approved PAH therapies are unable to significantly reverse pathological vessel remodeling, novel disease-modifying, targeted therapeutics are needed. Pathogenetically, PAH is characterized by vessel wall cell dysfunction with consecutive remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and the right heart. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the process of transcribing DNA into RNA and, in the pulmonary circulation, control the response of pulmonary vascular cells to macro- and microenvironmental stimuli. Often, TFs form complex protein interaction networks with other TFs or co-factors to allow for fine-tuning of gene expression. Therefore, identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms of TF (dys-)function is essential to develop tailored modulation strategies in PAH. This current review provides a compendium-style overview of TFs and TF complexes associated with PAH pathogenesis and highlights their potential as targets for vasculoregenerative or reverse remodeling therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Jakob Körbelin,
| | - Julius Klein
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Runge
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Harbaum
- Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Klose
- Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Jan K. Hennigs,
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16
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Kumar R, Aktay-Cetin Ö, Craddock V, Morales-Cano D, Kosanovic D, Cogolludo A, Perez-Vizcaino F, Avdeev S, Kumar A, Ram AK, Agarwal S, Chakraborty A, Savai R, de Jesus Perez V, Graham BB, Butrous G, Dhillon NK. Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: Multilayered cross-talks in the setting of coinfections and comorbidities. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011063. [PMID: 36634048 PMCID: PMC9836319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its sublineages pose a new challenge to healthcare systems worldwide due to its ability to efficiently spread in immunized populations and its resistance to currently available therapies. COVID-19, although targeting primarily the respiratory system, is also now well established that later affects every organ in the body. Most importantly, despite the available therapy and vaccine-elicited protection, the long-term consequences of viral infection in breakthrough and asymptomatic individuals are areas of concern. In the past two years, investigators accumulated evidence on how the virus triggers our immune system and the molecular signals involved in the cross-talk between immune cells and structural cells in the pulmonary vasculature to drive pathological lung complications such as endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis. In the review, we emphasize recent updates on the pathophysiological inflammatory and immune responses associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential long-term consequences that may consequently lead to the development of pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Öznur Aktay-Cetin
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vaughn Craddock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Anil Kumar Ram
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Giessen, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ghazwan Butrous
- Cardiopulmonary Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Navneet K. Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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17
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Olivencia MA, Esquivel-Ruiz S, Callejo M, Mondéjar-Parreño G, Quintana-Villamandos B, Barreira B, Sacedón R, Cogolludo Á, Perros F, Mendes-Ferreira P, Pérez Vizcaíno F. Cardiac and Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunction in Vitamin D-Deficient Bmpr2-Mutant Rats. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:402-405. [PMID: 36047774 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0001le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Olivencia
- Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón Madrid, Spain
| | - María Callejo
- Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Bianca Barreira
- Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Cogolludo
- Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Perros
- INSERM Le Plessis Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pedro Mendes-Ferreira
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Université Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pérez Vizcaíno
- Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón Madrid, Spain
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18
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Zheng Q, Zhang W, Rao GW. Protein Lysine Methyltransferase SMYD2: A Promising Small Molecule Target for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10119-10132. [PMID: 35914250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In epigenetic research, the abnormality of protein methylation modification is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, which stimulates the interest of researchers in protein methyltransferase research and the efforts to develop corresponding specific small molecule inhibitors. Currently, the protein lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 has been identified as a promising new small molecule target for cancer therapy. But its biological functions have not been fully studied and relatively few inhibitors have been reported, thus this field needs to be further explored. This perspective provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the available resources in this field, including its research status, biological structure, related substrates and methylation mechanisms, and research status of inhibitors. In addition, this perspective elaborates in detail the current challenges in this field, our insights into what needs to be done next, rational drug design of novel SMYD2 inhibitors, and foreseeable development directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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19
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Kabwe JC, Sawada H, Mitani Y, Oshita H, Tsuboya N, Zhang E, Maruyama J, Miyasaka Y, Ko H, Oya K, Ito H, Yodoya N, Otsuki S, Ohashi H, Okamoto R, Dohi K, Nishimura Y, Mashimo T, Hirayama M, Maruyama K. CRISPR-mediated Bmpr2 point mutation exacerbates late pulmonary vasculopathy and reduces survival in rats with experimental pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2022; 23:87. [PMID: 35395852 PMCID: PMC8994407 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) carrying bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (Bmpr2) mutations present earlier with severe hemodynamic compromise and have poorer survival outcomes than those without mutation. The mechanism underlying the worsening clinical phenotype of PAH with Bmpr2 mutations has been largely unaddressed in rat models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) because of the difficulty in reproducing progressive PH in mice and genetic modification in rats. We tested whether a clinically-relevant Bmpr2 mutation affects the progressive features of monocrotaline (MCT) induced-PH in rats. Methods A monoallelic single nucleotide insertion in exon 1 of Bmpr2 (+/44insG) was generated in rats using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9, then PH, pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) and survival after MCT injection with or without a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, tadalafil, administration were assessed. Results The +/44insG rats had reduced BMPR2 signalling in the lungs compared with wild-type. PH and PVD assessed at 3-weeks after MCT injection were similar in wild-type and +/44insG rats. However, survival at 4-weeks after MCT injection was significantly reduced in +/44insG rats. Among the rats surviving at 4-weeks after MCT administration, +/44insG rats had increased weight ratio of right ventricle to left ventricle plus septum (RV/[LV + S]) and % medial wall thickness (MWT) in pulmonary arteries (PAs). Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased vessels with Ki67-positive cells in the lungs, decreased mature and increased immature smooth muscle cell phenotype markers in the PAs in +/44insG rats compared with wild-type at 3-weeks after MCT injection. Contraction of PA in response to prostaglandin-F2α and endothelin-1 were significantly reduced in the +/44insG rats. The +/44insG rats that had received tadalafil had a worse survival with a significant increase in RV/(LV + S), %MWT in distal PAs and RV myocardial fibrosis compared with wild-type. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the Bmpr2 mutation promotes dedifferentiation of PA smooth muscle cells, late PVD and RV myocardial fibrosis and adversely impacts both the natural and post-treatment courses of MCT-PH in rats with significant effects only in the late stages and warrants preclinical studies using this new genetic model to optimize treatment outcomes of heritable PAH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02005-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Chanda Kabwe
- The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu city, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawada
- The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu city, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. .,The Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
| | - Yoshihide Mitani
- The Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hironori Oshita
- The Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.,The Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya City University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsuboya
- The Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Erquan Zhang
- The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu city, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.,The Department of Neonatology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Junko Maruyama
- The Department of Clinical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyasaka
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Ko
- The Department of Clinical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Oya
- The Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ito
- The Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Noriko Yodoya
- The Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Otsuki
- The Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohashi
- The Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Ryuji Okamoto
- The Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dohi
- The Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- The Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirayama
- The Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu city, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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20
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Bisserier M, Sun XQ, Fazal S, Turnbull IC, Bonnet S, Hadri L. Novel Insights into the Therapeutic Potential of Lung-Targeted Gene Transfer in the Most Common Respiratory Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:984. [PMID: 35326434 PMCID: PMC8947048 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, a better understanding of the genetic and molecular alterations underlying several respiratory diseases has encouraged the development of new therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy offers new therapeutic alternatives for inherited and acquired diseases by delivering exogenous genetic materials into cells or tissues to restore physiological protein expression and/or activity. In this review, we review (1) different types of viral and non-viral vectors as well as gene-editing techniques; and (2) the application of gene therapy for the treatment of respiratory diseases and disorders, including pulmonary arterial hypertension, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-small-cell lung cancer, and COVID-19. Further, we also provide specific examples of lung-targeted therapies and discuss the major limitations of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.B.); (S.F.); (I.C.T.)
| | - Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Shahood Fazal
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.B.); (S.F.); (I.C.T.)
| | - Irene C. Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.B.); (S.F.); (I.C.T.)
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec, QC G1V4G5, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V4G5, Canada
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.B.); (S.F.); (I.C.T.)
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21
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Perez C, Felty Q. Molecular basis of the association between transcription regulators nuclear respiratory factor 1 and inhibitor of DNA binding protein 3 and the development of microvascular lesions. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104337. [PMID: 35143811 PMCID: PMC8923910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with microvascular lesions remains poor because vascular remodeling eventually obliterates the lumen. Here we have focused our efforts on vessel dysfunction in two different organs, the lung and brain. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the importance of blood vessel integrity, gaps remain in our knowledge of the underlying molecular factors contributing to vessel injury, including microvascular lesions. Most of the ongoing research on these lesions have focused on oxidative stress but have not found major molecular targets for the discovery of new treatment or early diagnosis. Herein, we have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanism(s) based on two new emerging molecules NRF1 and ID3, and how they may contribute to microvascular lesions in the lung and brain. Redox sensitive transcriptional activation of target genes depends on not only NRF1, but the recruitment of co-activators such as ID3 to the target gene promoter. Our review highlights the fact that targeting NRF1 and ID3 could be a promising therapeutic approach as they are major players in influencing cell growth, cell repair, senescence, and apoptotic cell death which contribute to vascular lesions. Knowledge about the molecular biology of these processes will be relevant for future therapeutic approaches to not only PAH but cerebral angiopathy and other vascular disorders. Therapies targeting transcription regulators NRF1 or ID3 have the potential for vascular disease-modification because they will address the root causes such as genomic instability and epigenetic changes in vascular lesions. We hope that our findings will serve as a stimulus for further research towards an effective treatment of microvascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Quentin Felty
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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22
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Andre P, Joshi SR, Briscoe SD, Alexander MJ, Li G, Kumar R. Therapeutic Approaches for Treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Correcting Imbalanced TGF-β Superfamily Signaling. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:814222. [PMID: 35141256 PMCID: PMC8818880 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.814222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation driven by pathological remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries, leading typically to death by right ventricular failure. Available treatments improve physical activity and slow disease progression, but they act primarily as vasodilators and have limited effects on the biological cause of the disease—the uncontrolled proliferation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Imbalanced signaling by the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily contributes extensively to dysregulated vascular cell proliferation in PAH, with overactive pro-proliferative SMAD2/3 signaling occurring alongside deficient anti-proliferative SMAD1/5/8 signaling. We review the TGF-β superfamily mechanisms underlying PAH pathogenesis, superfamily interactions with inflammation and mechanobiological forces, and therapeutic strategies under development that aim to restore SMAD signaling balance in the diseased pulmonary arterial vessels. These strategies could potentially reverse pulmonary arterial remodeling in PAH by targeting causative mechanisms and therefore hold significant promise for the PAH patient population.
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23
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Ali S, Wani JA, Amir S, Tabassum S, Majid S, Eachkoti R, Ali S, Rashid N. Covid-19: a novel challenge to human immune genetic machinery. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF IMMUNOGENETICS 2022. [PMCID: PMC8988284 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90250-2.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 also called corona virus emerged in China in December 2019. This turned into a global pandemic in a short period of time. Covid-19 is a novel strain of corona virus that was not seen earlier in human beings. It is important to study the molecular structure of Covid-19 so as to aid in the development of therapeutic measures. Existing Covid-19 pandemic poses an extraordinary risk to health and healthcare systems worldwide. Corona viruses are made of single stranded RNA present within the coat proteins. The virus has a diameter of nearly 80–120 nm. Usually, Covid-19 presents with the signs and symptoms of respiratory illness. Cough commonly dry cough, fever, associated with myalgias and sometimes breathing difficulties due to decrease in oxygen saturation rates are also present in these patients. Some people show fever with body aches, while some are relatively asymptomatic. Corona virus is primarily transmitted in humans through respiratory route and is highly contagious. Mostly old people and those having comorbid illnesses suffer most. After invading into the human body, the virus may lead to a sequence of processes such as viral invasion, replication, and programmed cell death, that is, apoptosis. To control and prevent this viral infection, we need to study the molecular aspects of Covid-19 in detail so as to design therapeutic agents as well as for vaccine formation. The micro-RNA is defined as the single-stranded noncoding RNA molecule. They have a length of about 22 nucleotides approximately and help in the post transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Micro RNAs regulate many types of cancers in addition to Covid-19 and other infections. Viral micro RNA is a newer type of mi-RNA and controls the host cell expression and viral target genes. This was completed by inducing micro-RNA cleavage, breakdown, translation, inhibition, or other mechanisms. The micro-RNAs of Covid-19 are explained to give an authoritative means to study this novel coronavirus. These control the host cell expression and also viral target genes by inducing micro-RNA cleavage, breakdown, translation, inhibition, and also other mechanisms.
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24
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Kelly NJ, Chan SY. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Emerging Principles of Precision Medicine across Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:378. [PMID: 36875282 PMCID: PMC9980296 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2311378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an enigmatic and deadly vascular disease with no known cure. Recent years have seen rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of PAH, with an expanding knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and systems-level drivers of disease that are being translated into novel therapeutic modalities. Simultaneous advances in clinical technology have led to a growing list of tools with potential application to diagnosis and phenotyping. Guided by fundamental biology, these developments hold the potential to usher in a new era of personalized medicine in PAH with broad implications for patient management and great promise for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Kelly
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute; Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute; Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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25
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King NE, Brittain E. Emerging therapies: The potential roles SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 agonists, and ARNI therapy for ARNI pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12028. [PMID: 35506082 PMCID: PMC9052991 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a highly morbid condition. PH due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) has no specific therapies and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has substantial residual risk despite several approved therapies. Multiple lines of experimental evidence link metabolic dysfunction to the pathogenesis and outcomes in PH-LHD and PAH, and novel metabolic agents hold promise to improve outcomes in these populations. The antidiabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) agonists targeting metabolic dysfunction and improve outcomes in patients with LHD but have not been tested specifically in patients with PH. The angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) produce significant improvements in cardiac hemodynamics and may improve metabolic dysfunction that could benefit the pulmonary circulation and right ventricle function. On the basis of promising preclinical work with these medications and clinical rationale, we explore the potential of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 agonists, and ARNIs as therapies for both PH-LHD and PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan Brittain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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26
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Moreira A, Müller M, Costa PF, Kohl Y. Advanced In Vitro Lung Models for Drug and Toxicity Screening: The Promising Role of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2101139. [PMID: 34962104 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The substantial socioeconomic burden of lung diseases, recently highlighted by the disastrous impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accentuates the need for interventive treatments capable of decelerating disease progression, limiting organ damage, and contributing to a functional tissue recovery. However, this is hampered by the lack of accurate human lung research models, which currently fail to reproduce the human pulmonary architecture and biochemical environment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and organ-on-chip (OOC) technologies possess suitable characteristics for the generation of physiologically relevant in vitro lung models, allowing for developmental studies, disease modeling, and toxicological screening. Importantly, these platforms represent potential alternatives for animal testing, according to the 3Rs (replace, reduce, refine) principle, and hold promise for the identification and approval of new chemicals under the European REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals) framework. As such, this review aims to summarize recent progress made in human iPSC- and OOC-based in vitro lung models. A general overview of the present applications of in vitro lung models is presented, followed by a summary of currently used protocols to generate different lung cell types from iPSCs. Lastly, recently developed iPSC-based lung models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Müller
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Pedro F Costa
- BIOFABICS, Rua Alfredo Allen 455, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany.,Postgraduate Course for Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 28, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Liu H, Cai X, Liu J, Zhang F, He A, Li R. The MEG3 lncRNA promotes trophoblastic cell growth and invasiveness in preeclampsia by acting as a sponge for miR-21, which regulates BMPR2 levels. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65:3323. [PMID: 34818876 PMCID: PMC8636837 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact and regulatory mechanisms of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) on the progression of PE. We obtained placental tissues from pregnant women with PE and normal pregnant women, and the results showed that BMPR2 was expressed at low levels in the tissue from PE women. Genetic knockdown of BMPR2 increased the proliferation and invasion of cultured trophoblast cells, whereas its overexpression reduced these characteristics. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that BMPR2 is a direct target of miR-21. Overexpression of a miR-21 inhibitor promoted the growth and invasiveness of trophoblast cells, whereas the opposite results were observed for the miR-21 mimic. Furthermore, miR-21 was sponged by the lncRNA MEG3, and shRNA inhibition of MEG3 reduced trophoblast cell growth and invasiveness. miR-21 was upregulated in the tissues from PE women, whereas MEG3 was downregulated, and the two were negatively correlated. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the lncRNA MEG3 acts as a sponge for miR-21, which regulates BMPR2 expression and promotes trophoblast cell proliferation and invasiveness, thereby preventing the development of PE. These findings provide novel insight into a targeted therapy that could be used to treat or prevent the development of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Xiangdao Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Clinic, Zhongshan People's Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan.
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Andong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
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28
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Condon DF, Agarwal S, Chakraborty A, Auer N, Vazquez R, Patel H, Zamanian RT, de Jesus Perez VA, Condon DF. "NOVEL MECHANISMS TARGETED BY DRUG TRIALS IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION". Chest 2021; 161:1060-1072. [PMID: 34655569 PMCID: PMC9005865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease associated with abnormally elevated pulmonary pressures and right heart failure resulting in high morbidity and mortality. While PAH prognosis has improved with the introduction of pulmonary vasodilators, disease progression remains a major problem. Given that available therapies are inadequate for preventing small vessel loss and obstruction, there is an active interest in identifying drugs capable of targeting angiogenesis and mechanisms involved in regulation of cell growth and fibrosis. Among the mechanisms linked to PAH pathogenesis, recent preclinical studies have identified promising compounds that are currently being tested in clinical trials. These drugs target seven of the major mechanisms associated with PAH pathogenesis: BMP signaling, tyrosine kinase receptors, estrogen metabolism, extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, epigenetics, and serotonin metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the preclinical studies that led to prioritization of these mechanisms and will discuss recently completed and ongoing phase 2/3 trials using novel interventions such as sotatercept, anastrozole, rodatristat ethyl, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and endothelial progenitor cells among others. We anticipate that the next generation of compounds will build upon the success of the current standard of care and improve clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients afflicted with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Condon
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Cardiopulmonary Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Cardiopulmonary Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Cardiopulmonary Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Natasha Auer
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Cardiopulmonary Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Rocio Vazquez
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Cardiopulmonary Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Hiral Patel
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Cardiopulmonary Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Roham T Zamanian
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Cardiopulmonary Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Vinicio A de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Wall Center for Cardiopulmonary Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
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29
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Tian W, Jiang SY, Jiang X, Tamosiuniene R, Kim D, Guan T, Arsalane S, Pasupneti S, Voelkel NF, Tang Q, Nicolls MR. The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684657. [PMID: 34489935 PMCID: PMC8418274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, incurable condition characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, perivascular inflammation, and right heart failure. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) stave off autoimmunity, and there is increasing evidence for their compromised activity in the inflammatory milieu of PAH. Abnormal Treg function is strongly correlated with a predisposition to PAH in animals and patients. Athymic Treg-depleted rats treated with SU5416, an agent causing pulmonary vascular injury, develop PAH, which is prevented by infusing missing CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs. Abnormal Treg activity may also explain why PAH disproportionately affects women more than men. This mini review focuses on the role of Tregs in PAH with a special view to sexual dimorphism and the future promise of Treg therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shirley Y Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rasa Tamosiuniene
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Dongeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Torrey Guan
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Siham Arsalane
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shravani Pasupneti
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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30
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Bisserier M, Katz MG, Bueno-Beti C, Brojakowska A, Zhang S, Gubara S, Kohlbrenner E, Fazal S, Fargnoli A, Dorfmuller P, Humbert M, Hata A, Goukassian DA, Sassi Y, Hadri L. Combination Therapy with STAT3 Inhibitor Enhances SERCA2a-Induced BMPR2 Expression and Inhibits Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179105. [PMID: 34502015 PMCID: PMC8431626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating lung disease characterized by the progressive obstruction of the distal pulmonary arteries (PA). Structural and functional alteration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) contributes to PA wall remodeling and vascular resistance, which may lead to maladaptive right ventricular (RV) failure and, ultimately, death. Here, we found that decreased expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) in the lung samples of PAH patients was associated with the down-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) and the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Our results showed that the antiproliferative properties of SERCA2a are mediated through the STAT3/BMPR2 pathway. At the molecular level, transcriptome analysis of PASMCs co-overexpressing SERCA2a and BMPR2 identified STAT3 amongst the most highly regulated transcription factors. Using a specific siRNA and a potent pharmacological STAT3 inhibitor (STAT3i, HJC0152), we found that SERCA2a potentiated BMPR2 expression by repressing STAT3 activity in PASMCs and PAECs. In vivo, we used a validated and efficient model of severe PAH induced by unilateral left pneumonectomy combined with monocrotaline (PNT/MCT) to further evaluate the therapeutic potential of single and combination therapies using adeno-associated virus (AAV) technology and a STAT3i. We found that intratracheal delivery of AAV1 encoding SERCA2 or BMPR2 alone or STAT3i was sufficient to reduce the mean PA pressure and vascular remodeling while improving RV systolic pressures, RV ejection fraction, and cardiac remodeling. Interestingly, we found that combined therapy of AAV1.hSERCA2a with AAV1.hBMPR2 or STAT3i enhanced the beneficial effects of SERCA2a. Finally, we used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to measure RV function and found that therapies using AAV1.hSERCA2a alone or combined with STAT3i significantly inhibited RV structural and functional changes in PNT/MCT-induced PAH. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that combination therapies using SERCA2a gene transfer with a STAT3 inhibitor could represent a new promising therapeutic alternative to inhibit PAH and to restore BMPR2 expression by limiting STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (L.H.)
| | - Michael G. Katz
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Carlos Bueno-Beti
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Brojakowska
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Sarah Gubara
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shahood Fazal
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Anthony Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Peter Dorfmuller
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Langhansstrasse 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Marc Humbert
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - David A. Goukassian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yassine Sassi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (L.H.)
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Mukherjee D, Konduri GG. Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: Definitions, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2135-2190. [PMID: 34190343 PMCID: PMC8289457 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a multifactorial disease with diverse etiologies and presenting features. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined as elevated pulmonary artery pressure, is the presenting feature for several pulmonary vascular diseases. It is often a hidden component of other lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Alterations in lung development and genetic conditions are an important contributor to pediatric pulmonary hypertensive disease, which is a distinct entity from adult PH. Many of the causes of pediatric PH have prenatal onset with altered lung development due to maternal and fetal conditions. Since lung growth is altered in several conditions that lead to PPH, therapy for PPH includes both pulmonary vasodilators and strategies to restore lung growth. These strategies include optimal alveolar recruitment, maintaining physiologic blood gas tension, nutritional support, and addressing contributing factors, such as airway disease and gastroesophageal reflux. The outcome for infants and children with PH is highly variable and largely dependent on the underlying cause. The best outcomes are for neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) and reversible lung diseases, while some genetic conditions such as alveolar capillary dysplasia are lethal. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2135-2190, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashis Mukherjee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226 USA
| | - Girija G. Konduri
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226 USA
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Zhang Y, Michelakis ED. A Phase-2 NIH-sponsored Randomized Clinical Trial of Rituximab in Scleroderma-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Did Not Reach Significance for Its Endpoints: End of Story? Not So Fast! Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:123-125. [PMID: 33856964 PMCID: PMC8650784 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0612ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongneng Zhang
- Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ryanto GRT, Ikeda K, Miyagawa K, Tu L, Guignabert C, Humbert M, Fujiyama T, Yanagisawa M, Hirata KI, Emoto N. An endothelial activin A-bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 link is overdriven in pulmonary hypertension. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1720. [PMID: 33741934 PMCID: PMC7979873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive fatal disease that is characterized by pathological pulmonary artery remodeling, in which endothelial cell dysfunction is critically involved. We herein describe a previously unknown role of endothelial angiocrine in pulmonary hypertension. By searching for genes highly expressed in lung microvascular endothelial cells, we identify inhibin-β-A as an angiocrine factor produced by pulmonary capillaries. We find that excess production of inhibin-β-A by endothelial cells impairs the endothelial function in an autocrine manner by functioning as activin-A. Mechanistically, activin-A induces bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 internalization and targeting to lysosomes for degradation, resulting in the signal deficiency in endothelial cells. Of note, endothelial cells isolated from the lung of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension show higher inhibin-β-A expression and produce more activin-A compared to endothelial cells isolated from the lung of normal control subjects. When endothelial activin-A-bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 link is overdriven in mice, hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension was exacerbated, whereas conditional knockout of inhibin-β-A in endothelial cells prevents the progression of pulmonary hypertension. These data collectively indicate a critical role for the dysregulated endothelial activin-A-bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 link in the progression of pulmonary hypertension, and thus endothelial inhibin-β-A/activin-A might be a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gusty R T Ryanto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan.
- Department of Epidemiology for Longevity and Regional Health, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyou, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Tomoyuki Fujiyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe, Japan
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van Uden D, Koudstaal T, van Hulst JAC, Bergen IM, Gootjes C, Morrell NW, van Loo G, von der Thüsen JH, van den Bosch TPP, Ghigna MR, Perros F, Montani D, Kool M, Boomars KA, Hendriks RW. Central Role of Dendritic Cells in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Human and Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041756. [PMID: 33578743 PMCID: PMC7916474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is not fully understood, but evidence is accumulating that immune dysfunction plays a significant role. We previously reported that 31-week-old Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice develop pulmonary hypertension (PH) symptoms. These mice harbor a targeted deletion of the TNFα-induced protein-3 (Tnfaip3) gene, encoding the NF-κB regulatory protein A20, specifically in type I conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s). Here, we studied the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) in PH in more detail. We found various immune cells, including DCs, in the hearts of Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice, particularly in the right ventricle (RV). Secondly, in young Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice, innate immune activation through airway exposure to toll-like receptor ligands essentially did not result in elevated RV pressures, although we did observe significant RV hypertrophy. Thirdly, PH symptoms in Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice were not enhanced by concomitant mutation of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (Bmpr2), which is the most affected gene in PAH patients. Finally, in human IPAH lung tissue we found co-localization of DCs and CD8+ T cells, representing the main cell type activated by cDC1s. Taken together, these findings support a unique role of cDC1s in PAH pathogenesis, independent of general immune activation or a mutation in the Bmpr2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise van Uden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.U.); (T.K.); (J.A.C.v.H.); (I.M.B.); (C.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas Koudstaal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.U.); (T.K.); (J.A.C.v.H.); (I.M.B.); (C.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Jennifer A. C. van Hulst
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.U.); (T.K.); (J.A.C.v.H.); (I.M.B.); (C.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Ingrid M. Bergen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.U.); (T.K.); (J.A.C.v.H.); (I.M.B.); (C.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Chelsea Gootjes
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.U.); (T.K.); (J.A.C.v.H.); (I.M.B.); (C.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge & NIHR BioResource for Translational Research & Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan H. von der Thüsen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (J.H.v.d.T.); (T.P.P.v.d.B.)
| | - Thierry P. P. van den Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (J.H.v.d.T.); (T.P.P.v.d.B.)
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.-R.G.); (F.P.); (D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Division of Pathology, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.-R.G.); (F.P.); (D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (M.-R.G.); (F.P.); (D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.U.); (T.K.); (J.A.C.v.H.); (I.M.B.); (C.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Karin A. Boomars
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.U.); (T.K.); (J.A.C.v.H.); (I.M.B.); (C.G.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.B.); (R.W.H.); Tel.: +316-50031911 (K.A.B.); +31-10-7043700 (R.W.H.)
| | - Rudi W. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.U.); (T.K.); (J.A.C.v.H.); (I.M.B.); (C.G.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.B.); (R.W.H.); Tel.: +316-50031911 (K.A.B.); +31-10-7043700 (R.W.H.)
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Kurakula K, Smolders VFED, Tura-Ceide O, Jukema JW, Quax PHA, Goumans MJ. Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension: Cause or Consequence? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010057. [PMID: 33435311 PMCID: PMC7827874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, complex, and progressive disease that is characterized by the abnormal remodeling of the pulmonary arteries that leads to right ventricular failure and death. Although our understanding of the causes for abnormal vascular remodeling in PAH is limited, accumulating evidence indicates that endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is one of the first triggers initiating this process. EC dysfunction leads to the activation of several cellular signalling pathways in the endothelium, resulting in the uncontrolled proliferation of ECs, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, and eventually leads to vascular remodelling and the occlusion of the pulmonary blood vessels. Other factors that are related to EC dysfunction in PAH are an increase in endothelial to mesenchymal transition, inflammation, apoptosis, and thrombus formation. In this review, we outline the latest advances on the role of EC dysfunction in PAH and other forms of pulmonary hypertension. We also elaborate on the molecular signals that orchestrate EC dysfunction in PAH. Understanding the role and mechanisms of EC dysfunction will unravel the therapeutic potential of targeting this process in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for CardioVascular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Valérie F. E. D. Smolders
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.F.E.D.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (V.F.E.D.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Laboratory for CardioVascular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Jiao ZJ, Jin JY, Fan LL, Yuan ZZ, Dong Y, Xiang R, Bi DD. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel mutation of BMPR2 in a Chinese family with pulmonary arterial hypertension. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1978560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Jiao
- Department of cardiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yuan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of cardiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dong Bi
- Department of cardiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Potential therapeutic approaches of microRNAs for COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 11:132-137. [PMID: 33398242 PMCID: PMC7772998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerges as current outbreak cause by Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This infection affects respiratory system and provides uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response as cytokine storm. The main concern about SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is high viral pathogenicity with no specific drugs. MicroRNAs (miRs) as small non-coding RNAs (21–25 nt) regulate gene expression. The SARS-CoV-2 encoded-miRs affect human genes that involved in transcription, translation, apoptosis, immune response and inflammation. Also, they alter self-gene regulation and hijacked host miRs that provide protective environment to maintain its latency. On the other hand, Host miRs play critical role in viral gene expression to restrict infection. Over expression/inhibition of miRs might result in cell cycle irregularity, impaired immune response or cancer. In this manner, exact role of each miR should be specified. Mimic encoded-miRs like antagomirs showed successful result in phases of clinical trial prevent from negative effects of viral encoded-miRs. Products of mimic miRs are inexpensive corresponds to synthesis of primer; they are short and nanoscale in size. Although SARS-CoV-2 genome is undergoing evaluation, detection of exact molecular pathogenesis open up opportunities to for vaccine development. Salivaomics can evaluate SARS-CoV-2 genome, transcriptome, proteome and biomarkers like miRs in oral related and cancer disease. In this review, we studied the challenge and opportunities of miRs in therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 infection, then overviewed the role of miRs in saliva droplet during SARS-CoV-2 infection and related cancer.
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Dannewitz Prosseda S, Ali MK, Spiekerkoetter E. Novel Advances in Modifying BMPR2 Signaling in PAH. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010008. [PMID: 33374819 PMCID: PMC7824173 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a disease of the pulmonary arteries, that is characterized by progressive narrowing of the pulmonary arterial lumen and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately leading to right ventricular dysfunction, heart failure and premature death. Current treatments mainly target pulmonary vasodilation and leave the progressive vascular remodeling unchecked resulting in persistent high morbidity and mortality in PAH even with treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Loss of function mutations of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2 (BMPR2) are the most common genetic factor in hereditary forms of PAH, suggesting that the BMPR2 pathway is fundamentally important in the pathogenesis. Dysfunctional BMPR2 signaling recapitulates the cellular abnormalities in PAH as well as the pathobiology in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). Approaches to restore BMPR2 signaling by increasing the expression of BMPR2 or its downstream signaling targets are currently actively explored as novel ways to prevent and improve experimental PH as well as PAH in patients. Here, we summarize existing as well as novel potential treatment strategies for PAH that activate the BMPR2 receptor pharmaceutically or genetically, increase the receptor availability at the cell surface, or reconstitute downstream BMPR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Dannewitz Prosseda
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.D.P.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Md Khadem Ali
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.D.P.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.D.P.); (M.K.A.)
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
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At the X-Roads of Sex and Genetics in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111371. [PMID: 33233517 PMCID: PMC7699559 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary arterial hypertension; PAH) is a rare disease characterized by remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries leading to progressive elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately leading to right ventricular failure and death. Deleterious mutations in the serine-threonine receptor bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2; a central mediator of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling) and female sex are known risk factors for the development of PAH in humans. In this narrative review, we explore the complex interplay between the BMP and estrogen signaling pathways, and the potentially synergistic mechanisms by which these signaling cascades increase the risk of developing PAH. A comprehensive understanding of these tangled pathways may reveal therapeutic targets to prevent or slow the progression of PAH.
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40
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Ruffenach G, Hong J, Vaillancourt M, Medzikovic L, Eghbali M. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary fibrosis: clinical data, histopathology and molecular insights. Respir Res 2020; 21:303. [PMID: 33208169 PMCID: PMC7677848 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) developing secondarily in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) patients (PF-PH) is a frequent co-morbidity. The high prevalence of PH in PF patients is very concerning since the presence of PH is a strong predictor of mortality in PF patients. Until recently, PH was thought to arise solely from fibrotic destruction of the lung parenchyma, leading to hypoxic vasoconstriction and loss of vascular bed density. Thus, potential cellular and molecular dysregulation of vascular remodeling as a driver of PF-PH has been under-investigated. The recent demonstrations that there is no correlation between the severity of the fibrosis and development of PH, along with the finding that significant vascular histological and molecular differences exist between patients with and without PH have shifted the etiological paradigm of PF-PH. This review aims to provide a comprehensive translational overview of PH in PF patients from clinical diagnosis and outcome to the latest understanding of the histology and molecular pathophysiology of PF-PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Ruffenach
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperiative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, BH-550CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA
| | - Jason Hong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperiative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, BH-550CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mylène Vaillancourt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lejla Medzikovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperiative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, BH-550CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperiative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, BH-550CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7115, USA.
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Swietlik EM, Ghataorhe P, Zalewska KI, Wharton J, Howard LS, Taboada D, Cannon JE, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Toshner M, Pepke-Zaba J, Rhodes CJ. Plasma metabolomics exhibit response to therapy in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2020; 57:13993003.03201-2020. [PMID: 33060150 PMCID: PMC8012591 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03201-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a condition with limited effective treatment options. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a notable exception, with pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) often proving curative. This study investigated the plasma metabolome of CTEPH patients, estimated reversibility to an effective treatment and explored the source of metabolic perturbations.We performed untargeted analysis of plasma metabolites in CTEPH patients compared to healthy controls and disease comparators. Changes in metabolic profile were evaluated in response to PEA. A subset of patients were sampled at three anatomical locations and plasma metabolite gradients calculated.We defined and validated altered plasma metabolite profiles in patients with CTEPH. 12 metabolites were confirmed by receiver operating characteristic analysis to distinguish CTEPH and both healthy (area under the curve (AUC) 0.64-0.94, all p<2×10-5) and disease controls (AUC 0.58-0.77, all p<0.05). Many of the metabolic changes were notably similar to those observed in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Only five metabolites (5-methylthioadenosine, N1-methyladenosine, N1-methylinosine, 7-methylguanine, N-formylmethionine) distinguished CTEPH from chronic thromboembolic disease or IPAH. Significant corrections (15-100% of perturbation) in response to PEA were observed in some, but not all metabolites. Anatomical sampling identified 188 plasma metabolites, with significant gradients in tryptophan, sphingomyelin, methionine and Krebs cycle metabolites. In addition, metabolites associated with CTEPH and gradients showed significant associations with clinical measures of disease severity.We identified a specific metabolic profile that distinguishes CTEPH from controls and disease comparators, despite the observation that most metabolic changes were common to both CTEPH and IPAH patients. Plasma metabolite gradients implicate cardiopulmonary tissue metabolism of metabolites associated with pulmonary hypertension and metabolites that respond to PEA surgery could be a suitable noninvasive marker for evaluating future targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M Swietlik
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pavandeep Ghataorhe
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kasia I Zalewska
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Respiratory Unit, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff, UK
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and NHLI, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dolores Taboada
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - John E Cannon
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Toshner
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Andruska A, Ali MK, Spiekerkoetter E. Targeting BMPR2 Trafficking with Chaperones: An Important Step toward Precision Medicine in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:137-138. [PMID: 32339467 PMCID: PMC7397766 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0130ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Andruska
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareStanford Medical SchoolStanford, Californiaand.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular DiseaseStanford UniversityStanford, California
| | - Mohammed Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareStanford Medical SchoolStanford, Californiaand.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular DiseaseStanford UniversityStanford, California
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareStanford Medical SchoolStanford, Californiaand.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular DiseaseStanford UniversityStanford, California
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Yang J, Ueharu H, Mishina Y. Energy metabolism: A newly emerging target of BMP signaling in bone homeostasis. Bone 2020; 138:115467. [PMID: 32512164 PMCID: PMC7423769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is the process of generating energy (i.e. ATP) from nutrients. This process is indispensable for cell homeostasis maintenance and responses to varying conditions. Cells require energy for growth and maintenance and have evolved to have multiple pathways to produce energy. Both genetic and functional studies have demonstrated that energy metabolism, such as glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism, plays important roles in the formation and function of bone cells including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Dysregulation of energy metabolism in bone cells consequently disturbs the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Metabolic diseases have also been reported to affect bone homeostasis. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling plays critical roles in regulating the formation and function of bone cells, thus affecting bone development and homeostasis. Mutations of BMP signaling-related genes in mice have been reported to show abnormalities in energy metabolism in many tissues, including bone. In addition, BMP signaling correlates with critical signaling pathways such as mTOR, HIF, Wnt, and self-degradative process autophagy to coordinate energy metabolism and bone homeostasis. These findings will provide a newly emerging target of BMP signaling and potential therapeutic strategies and the improved management of bone diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of (1) energy metabolism in regulating the formation and function of bone cells, (2) function of BMP signaling in whole body energy metabolism, and (3) mechanistic interaction of BMP signaling with other signaling pathways and biological processes critical for energy metabolism and bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Hiroki Ueharu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Gomez-Puerto MC, Sun XQ, Schalij I, Orriols M, Pan X, Szulcek R, Goumans MJ, Bogaard HJ, Zhou Q, ten Dijke P. MnTBAP Reverses Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function in Experimentally Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4130. [PMID: 32531895 PMCID: PMC7312610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by obstructed pulmonary vasculatures. Current therapies for PAH are limited and only alleviate symptoms. Reduced levels of BMPR2 are associated with PAH pathophysiology. Moreover, reactive oxygen species, inflammation and autophagy have been shown to be hallmarks in PAH. We previously demonstrated that MnTBAP, a synthetic metalloporphyrin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits the turn-over of BMPR2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that MnTBAP might be used to treat PAH. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), as well as pulmonary microvascular endothelial (MVECs) and smooth muscle cells (MVSMCs) from PAH patients, were treated with MnTBAP. In vivo, either saline or MnTBAP was given to PAH rats induced by Sugen 5416 and hypoxia (SuHx). On PAECs, MnTBAP was found to increase BMPR2 protein levels by blocking autophagy. Moreover, MnTBAP increased BMPR2 levels in pulmonary MVECs and MVSMCs isolated from PAH patients. In SuHx rats, MnTBAP reduced right ventricular (RV) afterload by reversing pulmonary vascular remodeling, including both intima and media layers. Furthermore, MnTBAP improved RV function and reversed RV dilation in SuHx rats. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of MnTBAP as a potential therapeutic treatment for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Catalina Gomez-Puerto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.-P.); (M.O.); (M.-J.G.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.-Q.S.); (I.S.); (X.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Ingrid Schalij
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.-Q.S.); (I.S.); (X.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Mar Orriols
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.-P.); (M.O.); (M.-J.G.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Xiaoke Pan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.-Q.S.); (I.S.); (X.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.-Q.S.); (I.S.); (X.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.-P.); (M.O.); (M.-J.G.); (P.t.D.)
| | - Harm-Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.-Q.S.); (I.S.); (X.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.C.G.-P.); (M.O.); (M.-J.G.); (P.t.D.)
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Cool CD, Kuebler WM, Bogaard HJ, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR, Voelkel NF. The hallmarks of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension: the cancer hypothesis-ten years later. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1115-L1130. [PMID: 32023082 PMCID: PMC9847334 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00476.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are most frequently the consequence of a lumen-obliterating angiopathy. One pathobiological model is that the initial pulmonary vascular endothelial cell injury and apoptosis is followed by the evolution of phenotypically altered, apoptosis-resistant, proliferating cells and an inflammatory vascular immune response. Although there may be a vasoconstrictive disease component, the increased pulmonary vascular shear stress in established PAH is caused largely by the vascular wall pathology. In this review, we revisit the "quasi-malignancy concept" of severe PAH and examine to what extent the hallmarks of PAH can be compared with the hallmarks of cancer. The cancer model of severe PAH, based on the growth of abnormal vascular and bone marrow-derived cells, may enable the emergence of novel cell-based PAH treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschuetz Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Saini S, Saini A, Thakur CJ, Kumar V, Gupta RD, Sharma JK. Genome-wide computational prediction of miRNAs in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed target genes involved in pulmonary vasculature and antiviral innate immunity. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 9:83-91. [PMID: 32802902 PMCID: PMC7382400 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2020.36507.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China threatened humankind worldwide. The coronaviruses contains the largest RNA genome among all other known RNA viruses, therefore the disease etiology can be understood by analyzing the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we used an ab-intio based computational tool VMir to scan the complete genome of SARS-CoV-2 to predict pre-miRNAs. The potential pre-miRNAs were identified by ViralMir and mature miRNAs were recognized by Mature Bayes. Additionally, predicted mature miRNAs were analysed against human genome by miRDB server to retrieve target genes. Besides that we also retrieved GO (Gene Ontology) terms for pathways, functions and cellular components. We predicted 26 mature miRNAs from genome of SARS-CoV-2 that targets human genes involved in pathways like EGF receptor signaling, apoptosis signaling, VEGF signaling, FGF receptor signaling. Gene enrichment tool analysis and substantial literature evidences suggests role of genes like BMPR2 and p53 in pulmonary vasculature and antiviral innate immunity respectively. Our findings may help research community to understand virus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Saini
- Department of Bioinformatics, GGDSD College, Sector 32-C, 160030, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Avneet Saini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector 25, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chander Jyoti Thakur
- Department of Bioinformatics, GGDSD College, Sector 32-C, 160030, Chandigarh, India
| | - Varinder Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, GGDSD College, Sector 32-C, 160030, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rishabh Dilip Gupta
- Department of Bioinformatics, GGDSD College, Sector 32-C, 160030, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jogesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, GGDSD College, Sector 32-C, 160030, Chandigarh, India
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Olguntürk FR. An update on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1253-1268. [PMID: 32401622 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1757071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous disease that mainly affects the pulmonary arterioles, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary hypertension in children from birth to adolescence presents important differences from that of adults. The majority of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) cases are idiopathic or associated with congenital heart disease. However, the management of pediatric PAH mainly depends on the results of evidence-based adult studies and the clinical experiences of pediatric experts. AREAS COVERED This article briefly reviews the recent updates on the definition, classification, and diagnostic evaluation of pediatric PAH and their impact on treatment strategies. The main purpose of this review is to discuss the current pediatric therapies, as well as the prospective therapies, in terms of therapeutic targets, actions, side effects, and dosages. EXPERT OPINION Although there is no cure for PAH, recent advances in the form of new treatment options have improved the quality of life and survival rates of PAH patients. PAH-targeted drugs and treatment strategies for adult PAH have not been sufficiently studied in children. However, the growing scientific activity in that field will surely change the treatment option recommendations in pediatric PH from experience-based to evidence-based in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rana Olguntürk
- Professor of Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology, PhD in medical physiology, Former Head of Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology in Gazi University Faculty of Medicine. Founder of Pediatric Cardiology and PAH center in Gazi University. Former President of Turkish Association of Pediatric Cardiology and Surgery, Gazi University , Ankara, Turkiye
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Hiepen C, Jatzlau J, Hildebrandt S, Kampfrath B, Goktas M, Murgai A, Cuellar Camacho JL, Haag R, Ruppert C, Sengle G, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Blank KG, Knaus P. BMPR2 acts as a gatekeeper to protect endothelial cells from increased TGFβ responses and altered cell mechanics. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000557. [PMID: 31826007 PMCID: PMC6927666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanced transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling is essential for tissue formation and homeostasis. While gain in TGFβ signaling is often found in diseases, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we show that the receptor BMP type 2 (BMPR2) serves as a central gatekeeper of this balance, highlighted by its deregulation in diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We show that BMPR2 deficiency in endothelial cells (ECs) does not abolish pan-BMP-SMAD1/5 responses but instead favors the formation of mixed-heteromeric receptor complexes comprising BMPR1/TGFβR1/TGFβR2 that enable enhanced cellular responses toward TGFβ. These include canonical TGFβ-SMAD2/3 and lateral TGFβ-SMAD1/5 signaling as well as formation of mixed SMAD complexes. Moreover, BMPR2-deficient cells express genes indicative of altered biophysical properties, including up-regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and of integrins. As such, we identified accumulation of ectopic FBN1 fibers remodeled with fibronectin (FN) in junctions of BMPR2-deficient ECs. Ectopic FBN1 deposits were also found in proximity to contractile intimal cells in pulmonary artery lesions of BMPR2-deficient heritable PAH (HPAH) patients. In BMPR2-deficient cells, we show that ectopic FBN1 is accompanied by active β1-integrin highly abundant in integrin-linked kinase (ILK) mechano-complexes at cell junctions. Increased integrin-dependent adhesion, spreading, and actomyosin-dependent contractility facilitates the retrieval of active TGFβ from its latent fibrillin-bound depots. We propose that loss of BMPR2 favors endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) allowing cells of myo-fibroblastic character to create a vicious feed-forward process leading to hyperactivated TGFβ signaling. In summary, our findings highlight a crucial role for BMPR2 as a gatekeeper of endothelial homeostasis protecting cells from increased TGFβ responses and integrin-mediated mechano-transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hiepen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hildebrandt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Branka Kampfrath
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melis Goktas
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Mechano(bio)chemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arunima Murgai
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Clinic II, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- University of Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin G. Blank
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Mechano(bio)chemistry, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
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Fernández AI, Yotti R, González-Mansilla A, Mombiela T, Gutiérrez-Ibanes E, Pérez del Villar C, Navas-Tejedor P, Chazo C, Martínez-Legazpi P, Fernández-Avilés F, Bermejo J. The Biological Bases of Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235884. [PMID: 31771195 PMCID: PMC6928720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a potentially fatal condition with a prevalence of around 1% in the world population and most commonly caused by left heart disease (PH-LHD). Usually, in PH-LHD, the increase of pulmonary pressure is only conditioned by the retrograde transmission of the left atrial pressure. However, in some cases, the long-term retrograde pressure overload may trigger complex and irreversible biomechanical and biological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. This latter clinical entity, designated as combined pre- and post-capillary PH, is associated with very poor outcomes. The underlying mechanisms of this progression are poorly understood, and most of the current knowledge comes from the field of Group 1-PAH. Treatment is also an unsolved issue in patients with PH-LHD. Targeting the molecular pathways that regulate pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular remodeling has provided excellent results in other forms of PH but has a neutral or detrimental result in patients with PH-LHD. Therefore, a deep and comprehensive biological characterization of PH-LHD is essential to improve the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients and, eventually, identify new therapeutic targets. Ongoing research is aimed at identify candidate genes, variants, non-coding RNAs, and other biomarkers with potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art cellular, molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms potentially involved in PH-LHD. Signaling and effective pathways are particularly emphasized, as well as the current knowledge on -omic biomarkers. Our final aim is to provide readers with the biological foundations on which to ground both clinical and pre-clinical research in the field of PH-LHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Fernández
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Yotti
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana González-Mansilla
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Mombiela
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-Ibanes
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Candelas Pérez del Villar
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Navas-Tejedor
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Chazo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Legazpi
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bermejo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.I.F.); (R.Y.); (A.G.-M.); (T.M.); (E.G.-I.); (C.P.d.V.); (P.N.-T.); (C.C.); (P.M.-L.); (F.F.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28026 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-586-8279
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Guo L, Wang R, Zhang K, Yuan J, Wang J, Wang X, Ma J, Wu C. A PINCH-1-Smurf1 signaling axis mediates mechano-regulation of BMPR2 and stem cell differentiation. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3773-3794. [PMID: 31578224 PMCID: PMC6829670 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues from extracellular matrix exert strong effects on stem cell differentiation. This study finds that a signaling axis consisting of PINCH-1, Smurf1, and BMPR2 senses mechanical signals from extracellular matrix and regulates BMP signaling and mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Mechano-environment plays multiple critical roles in the control of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate decision, but the underlying signaling mechanisms remain undefined. We report here a signaling axis consisting of PINCH-1, SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Smurf1), and bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) that links mechano-environment to MSC fate decision. PINCH-1 interacts with Smurf1, which inhibits the latter from interacting with BMPR2 and consequently suppresses BMPR2 degradation, resulting in augmented BMP signaling and MSC osteogenic differentiation (OD). Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening increases PINCH-1 level and consequently activates this signaling axis. Depletion of PINCH-1 blocks stiff ECM-induced BMP signaling and OD, whereas overexpression of PINCH-1 overrides signals from soft ECM and promotes OD. Finally, perturbation of either Smurf1 or BMPR2 expression is sufficient to block the effects of PINCH-1 on BMP signaling and MSC fate decision. Our findings delineate a key signaling mechanism through which mechano-environment controls BMPR2 level and MSC fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jifan Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfei Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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