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Bordini M, Wang Z, Soglia F, Petracci M, Schmidt CJ, Abasht B. RNA-sequencing revisited data shed new light on wooden breast myopathy. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103902. [PMID: 38908127 PMCID: PMC11246058 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Wooden Breast (WB) abnormality represents one of the major challenges that the poultry industry has faced in the last 10 years. Despite the enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying WB, the precise initial causes remain to be clarified. In this scenario, the present research is intended to characterize the gene expression profiles of broiler Pectoralis major muscles affected by WB, comparing them to the unaffected counterpart, to provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying this defect and potentially identifying novel genes likely involved in its occurrence. To this purpose, data obtained in a previous study through the RNA-sequencing technology have been used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 6 affected and 5 unaffected broilers' breast muscles, by using the newest reference genome assembly for Gallus gallus (GRCg7b). Also, to deeply investigate molecular and biological pathways involved in the WB progression, pathways analyses have been performed. The results achieved through the differential gene expression analysis mainly evidenced the downregulation of glycogen metabolic processes, gluconeogenesis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle in WB muscles, thus corroborating the evidence of a dysregulated energy metabolism characterizing breasts affected by this abnormality. Also, genes related to hypertrophic muscle growth have been identified as differentially expressed (e.g., WFIKKN1). Together with that, a downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and functionality has been detected. Among them, PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B chicken genes are particularly noteworthy. These genes not only have essential roles in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis but also play pivotal roles in maintaining glucose and energy homeostasis. In view of that, their downregulation in WB-affected muscle may be considered as potentially related to both the mitochondrial dysfunction and altered glucose metabolism in WB muscles, and their key involvement in the molecular alterations characterizing this muscular abnormality might be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bordini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Francesca Soglia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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2
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Jiang YC, Dou JY, Xuan MY, Gao C, Li ZX, Lian LH, Cui ZY, Nan JX, Wu YL. Raspberry Ketone Attenuates Hepatic Fibrogenesis and Inflammation via Regulating the Crosstalk of FXR and PGC-1α Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15740-15754. [PMID: 38970822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a compensatory response to chronic liver injury and inflammation, and dietary intervention is recommended as one of the fundamental prevention strategies. Raspberry ketone (RK) is an aromatic compound first isolated from raspberry and widely used to prepare food flavors. The current study investigated the hepatoprotection and potential mechanism of RK against hepatic fibrosis. In vitro, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation was stimulated with TGF-β and cultured with RK, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) agonist or inhibitor, respectively. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with thioacetamide (TAA) at 100/200 mg/kg from the first to the fifth week. Mice were intragastrically administrated with RK or Cur once a day from the second to the fifth week. In activated HSCs, RK inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, inflammation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. RK both activated FXR/PGC-1α and regulated their crosstalk, which were verified by their inhibitors and agonists. Deficiency of FXR or PGC-1α also attenuated the effect of RK on the reverse of activated HSCs. RK also decreased serum ALT/AST levels, liver histopathological change, ECM accumulation, inflammation, and EMT in mice caused by TAA. Double activation of FXR/PGC-1α might be the key targets for RK against hepatic fibrosis. Above all, these discoveries supported the potential of RK as a novel candidate for the dietary intervention of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (State Ethnic Affairs), College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jia-Yi Dou
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (State Ethnic Affairs), College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Mei-Yan Xuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Chong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (State Ethnic Affairs), College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhao-Xu Li
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (State Ethnic Affairs), College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (State Ethnic Affairs), College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (State Ethnic Affairs), College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
- Jilin Vocational and Technical College, Longjing, Jilin Province 133400, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (State Ethnic Affairs), College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (State Ethnic Affairs), College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
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3
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Kim B, Lee Y, Lee C, Jung ES, Kang H, Holzapfel WH. Comprehensive Amelioration of Metabolic Dysfunction through Administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 (GTB1™) in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Foods 2024; 13:2227. [PMID: 39063311 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of probiotics for the improvement of metabolic disorders have been studied intensively; however, these effects are evident in a probiotic strain-specific and disease-specific manner. Thus, it is still essential to evaluate the efficacy of each strain against a target disease. Here, we present an anti-obese and anti-diabetic probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc331261 (GTB1™), which was isolated from green tea and tested for safety previously. In high-fat-diet-induced obese mice, GTB1™ exerted multiple beneficial effects, including significant reductions in adiposity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, which were further supported by improvements in levels of circulating hormones and adipokines. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissues was restored through the activation of PPAR/PGC1α signaling by GTB1™ treatment, which was facilitated by intestinal microbiota composition changes and short-chain fatty acid production. Our findings provide evidence to suggest that GTB1™ is a potential candidate for probiotic supplementation for comprehensive improvement in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobae Kim
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungho Lee
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Multi-Omics Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
- Global Green Research Institute, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhou C, Hu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Wei S, Liu Z. Disruption of the peripheral biological clock may play a role in sleep deprivation-induced dysregulation of lipid metabolism in both the daytime and nighttime phases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159530. [PMID: 38964437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on lipid metabolism or lipid metabolism regulation in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) during the light and dark phases and explored the possible mechanisms underlying the diurnal effect of SD on lipid metabolism associated with clock genes. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice aged 2 months were deprived of sleep daily for 20 h for ten consecutive days with weakly forced locomotion. The body weights and food consumption levels of the SD and control mice were recorded, and the mice were then sacrificed at ZT (zeitgeber time) 2 and ZT 14. The peripheral clock genes, enzymes involved in fat synthesis and catabolism in the WAT, and melatonin signalling pathway-mediated lipid metabolism in the liver were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics and tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics were used to identify differential lipid metabolism pathways in the liver. RESULTS Bodyweight gain and daily food consumption were dramatically elevated after SD. Profound disruptions in the diurnal regulation of the hepatic peripheral clock and enzymes involved in fat synthesis and catabolism in the WAT were observed, with a strong emphasis on hepatic lipid metabolic pathways, while melatonin signalling pathway-mediated lipid metabolism exhibited moderate changes. CONCLUSIONS In mice, ten consecutive days of SD increased body weight gain and daily food consumption. In addition, SD profoundly disrupted lipid metabolism in the WAT and liver during the light and dark periods. These diurnal changes may be related to disorders of the peripheral biological clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufan Zhou
- Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China; Nanjing Children's Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziping Hu
- Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shougang Wei
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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George M, Reddy AP, Reddy PH, Kshirsagar S. Unraveling the NRF2 confusion: Distinguishing nuclear respiratory factor 2 from nuclear erythroid factor 2. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102353. [PMID: 38815934 PMCID: PMC11176867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the acronym NRF2 has garnered significant attention in scientific discourse. However, this attention has occasionally led to confusion due to the existence of two distinct proteins sharing the same acronym: Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF2), also known as GA-binding protein transcription factor subunit alpha (GABPA), and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2). This confusion has been highlighted in various scientific forums, including PubPeer and anonymous reader comments, where the confusion between the two proteins has been expressed. In this article, we aim to elucidate the disparities between these two proteins. Both are transcription factors that play pivotal roles in cellular homeostasis and response to stress, with some overlapping functional aspects. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NFE2L2) is a key regulator of the antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. It functions by binding to antioxidant response elements in the promoters of target genes, thereby orchestrating the expression of various cytoprotective enzymes and proteins involved in detoxification, redox balance, and cellular defense against oxidative stress. Conversely, Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (GABPA) is primarily associated with the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, in relation to PGC1α, and maintaining cellular energy metabolism. It is important to recognize and differentiate between these two proteins to avoid misconceptions and misinterpretations in scientific literature and discussions. Our laboratories (Arubala P Reddy and P. Hemachandra Reddy) focued on Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF2), but not on Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NFE2L2). We hope that the facts, figures, and discussions presented in this article will clarify the current controversy regarding the sizes, structural features, and functional aspects of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA 5. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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6
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Locke B, Campbell E, Lu R. CREB3 mediates the transcriptional regulation of PGC-1α, a master regulator of energy homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1730-1739. [PMID: 38697949 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism hinges on a balance between lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Disruptions in this balance can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) and contribute to metabolic diseases. The UPR protein, Luman or CREB3, has recently been implicated in metabolic regulation-CREB3 knockout mice exhibit resistance to diet-induced obesity and altered insulin sensitivity. Here, we show that CREB3 activated PPARGC1A transcription from a 1 kb promoter region. An increase in CREB3 expression correlated inversely with endogenous PPARGC1A mRNA levels and genes involved in FAO. As PGC-1α encoded by PPARGC1A is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy homeostasis, these findings demonstrate that CREB3 is a transcriptional regulator of PGC-1α, underlining the potential role of CREB3 in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Locke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Elena Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Ray Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Canada
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7
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Hong W, Zeng X, Wang H, Tan X, Tian Y, Hu H, Ashrafizadeh M, Sethi G, Huang H, Duan C. PGC-1α loss promotes mitochondrial protein lactylation in acetaminophen-induced liver injury via the LDHB-lactate axis. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107228. [PMID: 38810904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected people worldwide, and fever is one of the major symptoms of this disease. Although Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common fever-reducing medication, it can also mediate liver injury. However, the role of PGC-1α in regulating mitochondrial quality control by lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), a vital enzyme catalyzing the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, is unclear. Here, gene expression omnibus data of patients with APAP-induced liver injury were used to explore gene expression profiles. AML12 cells and C57/BL6 mice were used to establish models of APAP-induced acute liver injury. SIRT1 and PGC-1α were overexpressed in vitro via lentiviral transfection to establish stable cell lines. The results showed that APAP treatment decreased SIRT1/PGC-1α/LDHB expression and increased protein lactylation, mitochondrial lactate levels, and pathological damage in liver mitochondria. PGC-1α upregulation or activation ameliorated APAP-induced damage in the cells and liver. Furthermore, PGC-1α overexpression increased LDHB synthesis, reduced lactylation, and induced a switch from lactate to pyruvate production. These results suggest that PGC-1α and LDHB play a role in APAP-induced liver injury by regulating mitochondrial quality control and lactate metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, the PGC-1α/LDHB axis is a potential therapeutic target for APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China; Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Houping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Xuxin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Yu Tian
- Research Center, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou 516008, PR China
| | - Hongtao Hu
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical Univerisity, Weifang, Shandong 261000, PR China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
| | - Chenyang Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China.
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8
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Mesarosova L, Scheper M, Iyer A, Anink JJ, Mills JD, Aronica E. miR-193b-3p/ PGC-1α pathway regulates an insulin dependent anti-inflammatory response in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106587. [PMID: 38950713 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that many miRNAs, including miR-193b-3p, are differentially expressed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dysregulation of miR-193b-3p/PGC-1α axis may alter homeostasis in cells and can induce an inflammatory response commonly accompanied by metabolic disturbances. The aim of the present study is to investigate if dysregulation of the miR-193-3p/PGC-1α axis may contribute to the pathological changes observed in the PD brain. Brain tissue were obtained from middle frontal gyrus of non-demented controls and individuals with a PD diagnosis. RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of miR-193b-3p and in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunological analysis were employed to establish the cellular distribution of miR-193b-3p. Functional assays were performed using SH-SY5Y cells, including transfection and knock-down of miR-193b-3p. We found significantly lower expression of miR-193b-3p in the early stages of PD (PD4) which increased throughout disease progression. Furthermore, altered expression of PGC-1α suggested a direct inhibitory effect of miR-193b-3p in the brain of individuals with PD. Moreover, we observed changes in expression of insulin after transfection of SH-SY5Y cells with miR-193b-3p, which led to dysregulation in the expression of several pro- or anti - inflammatory genes. Our findings indicate that the miR-193b-3p/PGC-1α axis is involved in the regulation of insulin signaling. This regulation is crucial, since insulin induced inflammatory response may serve as a protective mechanism during acute situations but potentially evolve into a pathological process in chronic conditions. This novel regulatory mechanism may represent an interesting therapeutic target with potential benefits for various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mesarosova
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirte Scheper
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anand Iyer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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9
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Xu Q, Liu H, Ding Shiwen Fan X, Lv W, Jiang Y, Liang Y, Xu H, Dai J. PGC-1α regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in IPF-derived fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112514. [PMID: 38943974 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is considered to be associated with aging. Both ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) have been associated with pulmonary fibrosis via key mechanisms including AEC apoptosis, EMT, altered myofibroblast differentiation, and M2 macrophage polarization. A relationship between ER stress and aging has also been demonstrated in vitro, with increased p16 and p21 levels seen in lung epithelial cells of older IPF patients. The mechanism underlying ER stress regulation of IPF fibroblasts is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to delineate ER stress regulation in IPF-derived fibroblasts. Here, we found that ER stress markers (p-eIF2α, p-IREα, ATF6) and fibrosis markers (α-SMA and Collagen-I) were significantly increased in lung tissues of IPF patients and bleomycin-induced mouse models. Notably, the expression of PGC-1α was decreased in fibroblasts. In vivo experiments were designed using an AAV-6 vector mediated conditional PGC-1α knockout driven by a specific α-SMA promoter. Ablation of PGC-1α expression in fibroblasts promoted ER stress and supported the development of pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced mouse model. In another experimental group, mice with conditional knockout of PGC-1α in fibroblasts and injected intraperitoneally with 4-PBA (an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor) were protected from lung fibrosis. We further constructed an AAV-6 vector mediated PGC-1α overexpression model driven by a specific Collagen-I promoter. Overexpression of PGC-1α in fibroblasts suppressed ER stress and attenuated development of pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-induced mouse models. Taken together, this study identified PGC-1α as a promising target for developing novel therapeutic options for the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Lung Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huarui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Lung Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorui Ding Shiwen Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Lung Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenting Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Lung Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxian Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Lung Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Lung Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyang Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Lung Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Lung Transplant Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Martemucci G, Khalil M, Di Luca A, Abdallah H, D’Alessandro AG. Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38921462 PMCID: PMC11206163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Yang S, Liu Y, Wu X, Zhu R, Sun Y, Zou S, Zhang D, Yang X. Molecular Regulation of Thermogenic Mechanisms in Beige Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6303. [PMID: 38928011 PMCID: PMC11203837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is conventionally recognized as a metabolic organ responsible for storing energy. However, a proportion of adipose tissue also functions as a thermogenic organ, contributing to the inhibition of weight gain and prevention of metabolic diseases. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of thermogenic fats, particularly brown adipose tissue (BAT). Despite this progress, the mechanism underlying thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue remains highly controversial. It is widely acknowledged that beige adipose tissue has three additional thermogenic mechanisms in addition to the conventional UCP1-dependent thermogenesis: Ca2+ cycling thermogenesis, creatine substrate cycling thermogenesis, and triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycling thermogenesis. This paper delves into these three mechanisms and reviews the latest advancements in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis from the molecular genetic perspective. The objective of this review is to provide readers with a foundation of knowledge regarding the beige fats and a foundation for future research into the mechanisms of this process, which may lead to the development of new strategies for maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yingke Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Rongru Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yuanlu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuoya Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
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Desmet SJ, Thommis J, Vanderhaeghen T, Vandenboorn EMF, Clarisse D, Li Y, Timmermans S, Fijalkowska D, Ratman D, Van Hamme E, De Cauwer L, Staels B, Brunsveld L, Peelman F, Libert C, Tavernier J, De Bosscher K. Crosstalk interactions between transcription factors ERRα and PPARα assist PPARα-mediated gene expression. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101938. [PMID: 38631478 PMCID: PMC11059514 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a transcription factor driving target genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. To what extent various PPARα interacting proteins may assist its function as a transcription factor is incompletely understood. An ORFeome-wide unbiased mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT) using PPARα as bait revealed a PPARα-ligand-dependent interaction with the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). The goal of this study was to characterize the nature of the interaction in depth and to explore whether it was of physiological relevance. METHODS We used orthogonal protein-protein interaction assays and pharmacological inhibitors of ERRα in various systems to confirm a functional interaction and study the impact of crosstalk mechanisms. To characterize the interaction surfaces and contact points we applied a random mutagenesis screen and structural overlays. We pinpointed the extent of reciprocal ligand effects of both nuclear receptors via coregulator peptide recruitment assays. On PPARα targets revealed from a genome-wide transcriptome analysis, we performed an ERRα chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis on both fast and fed mouse livers. RESULTS Random mutagenesis scanning of PPARα's ligand-binding domain and coregulator profiling experiments supported the involvement of (a) bridging coregulator(s), while recapitulation of the interaction in vitro indicated the possibility of a trimeric interaction with RXRα. The PPARα·ERRα interaction depends on 3 C-terminal residues within helix 12 of ERRα and is strengthened by both PGC1α and serum deprivation. Pharmacological inhibition of ERRα decreased the interaction of ERRα to ligand-activated PPARα and revealed a transcriptome in line with enhanced mRNA expression of prototypical PPARα target genes, suggesting a role for ERRα as a transcriptional repressor. Strikingly, on other PPARα targets, including the isolated PDK4 enhancer, ERRα behaved oppositely. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrate a PPARα ligand-dependent ERRα recruitment onto chromatin at PPARα-binding regions, which is lost following ERRα inhibition in fed mouse livers. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the coexistence of multiple layers of transcriptional crosstalk mechanisms between PPARα and ERRα, which may serve to finetune the activity of PPARα as a nutrient-sensing transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie J Desmet
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Thommis
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tineke Vanderhaeghen
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edmee M F Vandenboorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien Clarisse
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yunkun Li
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Timmermans
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daria Fijalkowska
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dariusz Ratman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Lode De Cauwer
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Peelman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Topsakal S, Ozmen O, Karakuyu NF, Bedir M, Sancer O. Cannabidiol Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pancreatic Pathology: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:809-818. [PMID: 37903028 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are a component of certain types of bacteria and can induce an inflammatory response in the body, including in the pancreas. Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive compound found in cannabis, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and may offer potential therapeutic benefits for conditions involving inflammation and damage. The aim of this study was to investigate any potential preventative effects of CBD on experimental LPS-induced pancreatic pathology in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, LPS (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]), LPS+CBD, and CBD (5 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. Six hours after administering LPS, the rats were euthanized, and blood and pancreatic tissue samples were taken for biochemical, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. Results: The results indicated that LPS decreased serum glucose levels and increased lipase levels. It also caused severe hyperemia, increased vacuolization in endocrine cells, edema, and slight inflammatory cell infiltrations at the histopathological examination. Insulin and amylin expressions decreased during immunohistochemical analyses. At the PCR analysis, Silent Information Regulator 2 homolog 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha expressions decreased and tumor protein p53 expressions increased in the LPS group. CBD improved the biochemical, PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemical results. Conclusions: The findings of the current investigation demonstrated that LPS damages both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. However, CBD demonstrated marked ameliorative effects in the pancreas in LPS induced rat model pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Topsakal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Nasif Fatih Karakuyu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bedir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Okan Sancer
- Genetic Research Unit, Innovative Technologies Application and Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Aguilar EC, Fernandes-Braga W, Santos EA, Leocádio PCL, Dos Santos Aggum Capettini L, Orellano LAA, Campos PP, Lemos VS, Soares FLP, Navia-Pelaez JM, Alvarez-Leite JI. Gluten worsens non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by affecting lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in diet-induced obese apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1335-1347. [PMID: 37402020 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and hepatocyte injury. Preclinical studies have shown exacerbated weight gain associated with an obesogenic gluten-containing diet. However, whether gluten affects obesity-induced hepatic lipid accumulation still remains unclear. We hypothesized that gluten intake could affect fatty liver development in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of gluten intake on NAFLD in HFD-induced obese mice. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice were fed with a HFD containing (GD) or not (GFD) vital wheat gluten (4.5%) for 10 weeks. Blood and liver were collected for further analysis. We found that gluten exacerbated weight gain, hepatic fat deposition, and hyperglycemia without affecting the serum lipid profile. Livers of the GD group showed a larger area of fibrosis, associated with the expression of collagen and MMP9, and higher expression of apoptosis-related factors, p53, p21, and caspase-3. The expression of lipogenic factors, such as PPARγ and Acc1, was more elevated and factors related to beta-oxidation, such as PPARα and Cpt1, were lower in the GD group compared to the GFD. Further, gluten intake induced a more significant expression of Cd36, suggesting higher uptake of free fatty acids. Finally, we found lower protein expression of PGC1α followed by lower activation of AMPK. Our data show that gluten-containing high-fat diet exacerbated NAFLD by affecting lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in obese Apoe-/- mice through a mechanism involving lower activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil.
- Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
- Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elandia Aparecida Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Maria Navia-Pelaez
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, ICB - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, 30161-970, Brazil
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Golubnitschaja O, Kapinova A, Sargheini N, Bojkova B, Kapalla M, Heinrich L, Gkika E, Kubatka P. Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation. EPMA J 2024; 15:163-205. [PMID: 38841620 PMCID: PMC11148002 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite their subordination in humans, to a great extent, mitochondria maintain their independent status but tightly cooperate with the "host" on protecting the joint life quality and minimizing health risks. Under oxidative stress conditions, healthy mitochondria promptly increase mitophagy level to remove damaged "fellows" rejuvenating the mitochondrial population and sending fragments of mtDNA as SOS signals to all systems in the human body. As long as metabolic pathways are under systemic control and well-concerted together, adaptive mechanisms become triggered increasing systemic protection, activating antioxidant defense and repair machinery. Contextually, all attributes of mitochondrial patho-/physiology are instrumental for predictive medical approach and cost-effective treatments tailored to individualized patient profiles in primary (to protect vulnerable individuals again the health-to-disease transition) and secondary (to protect affected individuals again disease progression) care. Nutraceuticals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds demonstrating health-promoting, illness-preventing, and other health-related benefits. Keeping in mind health-promoting properties of nutraceuticals along with their great therapeutic potential and safety profile, there is a permanently growing demand on the application of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals. Application of nutraceuticals is beneficial only if meeting needs at individual level. Therefore, health risk assessment and creation of individualized patient profiles are of pivotal importance followed by adapted nutraceutical sets meeting individual needs. Based on the scientific evidence available for mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals, this article presents examples of frequent medical conditions, which require protective measures targeted on mitochondria as a holistic approach following advanced concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) in primary and secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nafiseh Sargheini
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-Von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bianka Bojkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marko Kapalla
- Negentropic Systems, Ružomberok, Slovakia
- PPPM Centre, s.r.o., Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - Luisa Heinrich
- Institute of General Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eleni Gkika
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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Zhou S, Taskintuna K, Hum J, Gulati J, Olaya S, Steinman J, Golestaneh N. PGC-1α repression dysregulates lipid metabolism and induces lipid droplet accumulation in retinal pigment epithelium. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:385. [PMID: 38824126 PMCID: PMC11144268 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Drusen, the yellow deposits under the retina, are composed of lipids and proteins, and represent a hallmark of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lipid droplets are also reported in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from AMD donor eyes. However, the mechanisms underlying these disease phenotypes remain elusive. Previously, we showed that Pgc-1α repression, combined with a high-fat diet (HFD), induce drastic AMD-like phenotypes in mice. We also reported increased PGC-1α acetylation and subsequent deactivation in the RPE derived from AMD donor eyes. Here, through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which PGC-1α repression could influence RPE and retinal function. We show that PGC-1α plays an important role in RPE and retinal lipid metabolism and function. In mice, repression of Pgc-1α alone induced RPE and retinal degeneration and drusen-like deposits. In vitro inhibition of PGC1A by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human RPE (ARPE19- PGC1A KO) affected the expression of genes responsible for lipid metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), fatty acid transport, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, cholesterol esterification, cholesterol biosynthesis, and cholesterol efflux. Moreover, inhibition of PGC1A in RPE cells caused lipid droplet accumulation and lipid peroxidation. ARPE19-PGC1A KO cells also showed reduced mitochondrial biosynthesis, impaired mitochondrial dynamics and activity, reduced antioxidant enzymes, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, loss of cardiolipin, and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Our data demonstrate the crucial role of PGC-1α in regulating lipid metabolism. They provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in lipid and drusen accumulation in the RPE and retina during aging and AMD, which may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Kaan Taskintuna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Jacob Hum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Jasmine Gulati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Stephanie Olaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Jeremy Steinman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Nady Golestaneh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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Kook E, Kim DH. Elucidating the Role of Lipid-Metabolism-Related Signal Transduction and Inhibitors in Skin Cancer. Metabolites 2024; 14:309. [PMID: 38921444 PMCID: PMC11205519 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids, as multifunctional molecules, play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes. These include regulating membrane glycoprotein functions, controlling membrane trafficking, influencing apoptotic pathways, and affecting drug transport. In addition, lipid metabolites can alter the surrounding microenvironment in ways that might encourage tumor progression. The reprogramming of lipid metabolism is pivotal in promoting tumorigenesis and cancer progression, with tumors often displaying significant changes in lipid profiles. This review concentrates on the essential factors that drive lipid metabolic reprogramming, which contributes to the advancement and drug resistance in melanoma. Moreover, we discuss recent advances and current therapeutic strategies that employ small-molecule inhibitors to target lipid metabolism in skin cancers, particularly those associated with inflammation and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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18
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Burghardt KJ, Burghardt PR, Howlett BH, Dass SE, Zahn B, Imam AA, Mallisho A, Msallaty Z, Seyoum B, Yi Z. Alterations in Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling DNA Methylation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Olanzapine in Healthy Volunteers. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1057. [PMID: 38791018 PMCID: PMC11117943 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics are associated with severe metabolic side effects including insulin resistance; however, the mechanisms underlying this side effect are not fully understood. The skeletal muscle plays a critical role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and changes in skeletal muscle DNA methylation by antipsychotics may play a role in the development of insulin resistance. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine was performed in healthy volunteers. Twelve healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 10 mg/day of olanzapine for 7 days. Participants underwent skeletal muscle biopsies to analyze DNA methylation changes using a candidate gene approach for the insulin signaling pathway. Ninety-seven methylation sites were statistically significant (false discovery rate < 0.05 and beta difference between the groups of ≥10%). Fifty-five sites had increased methylation in the skeletal muscle of olanzapine-treated participants while 42 were decreased. The largest methylation change occurred at a site in the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha (PPARGC1A) gene, which had 52% lower methylation in the olanzapine group. Antipsychotic treatment in healthy volunteers causes significant changes in skeletal muscle DNA methylation in the insulin signaling pathway. Future work will need to expand on these findings with expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (B.H.H.); (S.E.D.)
| | - Paul R. Burghardt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Bradley H. Howlett
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (B.H.H.); (S.E.D.)
| | - Sabrina E. Dass
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (B.H.H.); (S.E.D.)
| | - Brent Zahn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Ahmad A. Imam
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Mallisho
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.M.); (Z.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Zaher Msallaty
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.M.); (Z.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Berhane Seyoum
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.M.); (Z.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
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D’Elia JA, Weinrauch LA. Lipid Toxicity in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKMS). Biomedicines 2024; 12:978. [PMID: 38790940 PMCID: PMC11118768 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKMS) indicate that elevated concentrations of derivatives of phospholipids (ceramide, sphingosine), oxidized LDL, and lipoproteins (a, b) are toxic to kidney and heart function. Energy production for renal proximal tubule resorption of critical fuels and electrolytes is required for homeostasis. Cardiac energy for ventricular contraction/relaxation is preferentially supplied by long chain fatty acids. Metabolism of long chain fatty acids is accomplished within the cardiomyocyte cytoplasm and mitochondria by means of the glycolytic, tricarboxylic acid, and electron transport cycles. Toxic lipids and excessive lipid concentrations may inhibit cardiac function. Cardiac contraction requires calcium movement from the sarcoplasmic reticulum from a high to a low concentration at relatively low energy cost. Cardiac relaxation involves calcium return to the sarcoplasmic reticulum from a lower to a higher concentration and requires more energy consumption. Diastolic cardiac dysfunction occurs when cardiomyocyte energy conversion is inadequate. Diastolic dysfunction from diminished ATP availability occurs in the presence of inadequate blood pressure, glycemia, or lipid control and may lead to heart failure. Similar disruption of renal proximal tubular resorption of fuels/electrolytes has been found to be associated with phospholipid (sphingolipid) accumulation. Elevated concentrations of tissue oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterols are associated with loss of filtration efficiency at the level of the renal glomerular podocyte. Macroscopically excessive deposits of epicardial and intra-nephric adipose are associated with vascular pathology, fibrosis, and inhibition of essential functions in both heart and kidney. Chronic triglyceride accumulation is associated with fibrosis of the liver, cardiac and renal structures. Successful liver, kidney, or cardiac allograft of these vital organs does not eliminate the risk of lipid toxicity. Lipid lowering therapy may assist in protecting vital organ function before and after allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry A. Weinrauch
- Kidney and Hypertension Section, E P Joslin Research Laboratory, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Guerrini V, Prideaux B, Khan R, Subbian S, Wang Y, Sadimin E, Pawar S, Ukey R, Singer EA, Xue C, Gennaro ML. Heterogeneity of foam cell biogenesis across diseases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.08.542766. [PMID: 37333211 PMCID: PMC10274805 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.542766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Foam cells are dysfunctional, lipid-laden macrophages associated with chronic inflammation of diverse origin. The long-standing paradigm that foam cells are cholesterol-laden derives from atherosclerosis research. We previously showed that, in tuberculosis, foam cells surprisingly accumulate triglycerides. Here, we utilized bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), fungal (Cryptococcus neoformans), and human papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) models. We applied mass spectrometry-based imaging to assess the spatial distribution of storage lipids relative to foam-cell-rich areas in lesional tissues, and characterized lipid-laden macrophages generated under corresponding in vitro conditions. The in vivo data were consistent with in vitro findings showing that cryptococcus-infected macrophages accumulated triglycerides, while macrophages exposed to pRCC-conditioned-medium accumulated both triglycerides and cholesterol. Moreover, cryptococcus- and mycobacterium-infected macrophages accumulated triglycerides by different mechanisms. Collectively, our data indicate that the mechanisms of foam cell formation are disease-microenvironment-specific. Since foam cells are potential therapeutic targets, recognizing that their formation is disease-specific opens new biomedical research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Rehan Khan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Yina Wang
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Evita Sadimin
- Section of Urologic Pathology and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Siddhi Pawar
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Eric A. Singer
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Chaoyang Xue
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Microbiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ 07103
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You J, Li Y, Chong W. The role and therapeutic potential of SIRTs in sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394925. [PMID: 38690282 PMCID: PMC11058839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's dysfunctional response to infection. Abnormal activation of the immune system and disturbance of energy metabolism play a key role in the development of sepsis. In recent years, the Sirtuins (SIRTs) family has been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. SIRTs, as a class of histone deacetylases (HDACs), are widely involved in cellular inflammation regulation, energy metabolism and oxidative stress. The effects of SIRTs on immune cells are mainly reflected in the regulation of inflammatory pathways. This regulation helps balance the inflammatory response and may lessen cell damage and organ dysfunction in sepsis. In terms of energy metabolism, SIRTs can play a role in immunophenotypic transformation by regulating cell metabolism, improve mitochondrial function, increase energy production, and maintain cell energy balance. SIRTs also regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting cells from oxidative stress damage by activating antioxidant defense pathways and maintaining a balance between oxidants and reducing agents. Current studies have shown that several potential drugs, such as Resveratrol and melatonin, can enhance the activity of SIRT. It can help to reduce inflammatory response, improve energy metabolism and reduce oxidative stress, showing potential clinical application prospects for the treatment of sepsis. This review focuses on the regulation of SIRT on inflammatory response, energy metabolism and oxidative stress of immune cells, as well as its important influence on multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis, and discusses and summarizes the effects of related drugs and compounds on reducing multiple organ damage in sepsis through the pathway involving SIRTs. SIRTs may become a new target for the treatment of sepsis and its resulting organ dysfunction, providing new ideas and possibilities for the treatment of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi You
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jia Y, Yang Y, Qu J, Yin L, Wang X. Chemerin affects blood lipid profile of high-fat diet male mice in sedentary and exercise states via glucose and lipid metabolism enzymes. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230484. [PMID: 38323605 PMCID: PMC10959035 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Adipokine chemerin plays important roles in disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism of obesity and obesity-related diseases, and exercise-induced improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism is closely related to the decrease of chemerin, but the mechanisms by which chemerin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism remain unclarified. Hypotestosterone induces male obesity and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism through androgen receptor (AR) and its target genes: glucose and lipid metabolism-related molecules (including FOXO1, PEPCK, PGC-1α, and SCD1). Recently, the link between them has been reported that chemerin modulated the secretion of androgen. In this study, global chemerin knockout (chemerin (-/-)) mice were established to demonstrate the roles of chemerin in regulating blood glucose and blood lipid of mice under diet (high-fat (HFD) and normal diet) and exercise interventions and then to explore its mechanisms (AR - glucose and lipid metabolism enzymes). We found that the blood lipid and adipocyte size were low accompanied by the improvements in the levels of serum testosterone, gastrocnemius AR, and gastrocnemius FOXO1, SCD1, and PGC-1α in HFD chemerin (-/-) mice, but exercise-induced improvements of these indicators in HFD WT mice were attenuated or abolished in HFD chemerin (-/-) mice. In conclusion, the decrease of chemerin improved the blood lipid profile of HFD male mice at sedentary and exercise states, mediated partly by the increases of testosterone and AR to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism enzymes. To our knowledge, it is the first report that chemerin's regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism might be mediated by testosterone and AR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Qu
- School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Health and Exercise, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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de Sousa É, de Mendonça M, Bolin AP, de Oliveira NP, Real CC, Hu X, Huang ZP, Wang DZ, Rodrigues AC. Sex-specific regulation of miR-22 and ERα in white adipose tissue of obese dam's female offspring impairs the early postnatal development of functional beige adipocytes in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167057. [PMID: 38331111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
During inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) ontogenesis, beige adipocytes spontaneously appear between postnatal 10 (P10) and P20 and their ablation impairs iWAT browning capacity in adulthood. Since maternal obesity has deleterious effects on offspring iWAT function, we aimed to investigate its effect in spontaneous iWAT browning in offspring. Female C57BL/6 J mice were fed a control or obesogenic diet six weeks before mating. Male and female offspring were euthanized at P10 and P20 or weaned at P21 and fed chow diet until P60. At P50, mice were treated with saline or CL316,243, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, for ten days. Maternal obesity induced insulin resistance at P60, and CL316,243 treatment effectively restored insulin sensitivity in male but not female offspring. This discrepancy occurred due to female offspring severe browning impairment. During development, the spontaneous iWAT browning and sympathetic nerve branching at P20 were severely impaired in female obese dam's offspring but occurred normally in males. Additionally, maternal obesity increased miR-22 expression in the iWAT of male and female offspring during development. ERα, a target and regulator of miR-22, was concomitantly upregulated in the male's iWAT. Next, we evaluated miR-22 knockout (KO) offspring at P10 and P20. The miR-22 deficiency does not affect spontaneous iWAT browning in females and, surprisingly, anticipates iWAT browning in males. In conclusion, maternal obesity impairs functional iWAT development in the offspring in a sex-specific way that seems to be driven by miR-22 levels and ERα signaling. This impacts adult browning capacity and glucose homeostasis, especially in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica de Sousa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Mendonça
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anaysa Paola Bolin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nayara Preste de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Cristina Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Gebreyesus LH, Choi S, Neequaye P, Mahmoud M, Mahmoud M, Ofosu-Boateng M, Twum E, Nnamani DO, Wang L, Yadak N, Ghosh S, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Pregnane X receptor knockout mitigates weight gain and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 J mice on a long-term high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116341. [PMID: 38428309 PMCID: PMC10983615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases. However, pre-menopausal females are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its adverse effects. The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, promotes short-term obesity-associated liver disease only in male mice but not in females. Therefore, the current study investigated the metabolic and pathophysiological effects of a long-term 52-week HFD in female wild-type (WT) and PXR-KO mice and characterized the PXR-dependent molecular pathways involved. After 52 weeks of HFD ingestion, the body and liver weights and several markers of hepatotoxicity were significantly higher in WT mice than in their PXR-KO counterparts. The HFD-induced liver injury in WT female mice was also associated with upregulation of the hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), its target genes, fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27), and the liver-specific Fsp27b involved in lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Notably, PXR-KO mice displayed elevated hepatic Cyp2a5 (anti-obesity gene), aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7), glutathione-S-transferase M3 (Gstm3) (antioxidant gene), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels, contributing to protection against long-term HFD-induced obesity and inflammation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a general blunting of the transcriptomic response to HFD in PXR-KO compared to WT mice. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated enrichment by HFD for several pathways, including oxidative stress and redox pathway, cholesterol biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in WT but not PXR-KO mice. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which PXR deficiency protects against long-term HFD-induced severe obesity and its adverse effects in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya H Gebreyesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sora Choi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Prince Neequaye
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mattia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mia Mahmoud
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Malvin Ofosu-Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Elizabeth Twum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Daniel O Nnamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lijin Wang
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | - Nour Yadak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maxwell A Gyamfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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25
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Han G, Yu J, He J, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu B. Subtherapeutic Kitasamycin Promoted Fat Accumulation in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle in Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1057. [PMID: 38612296 PMCID: PMC11010921 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Kitasamycin (KM), a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic, has implications for growth performance and residue in animals and humans. This study aimed to explore the effects of different KM doses on intramuscular fat accumulation, cecal microflora, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using a growing-finishing pig model. Forty-two pigs were divided into three groups: control, subtherapeutic KM (50 mg/kg, KM50), and therapeutic KM (200 mg/kg, KM200) diets over 8 weeks. KM50 led to increased back fat thickness, fat content in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), and elevated plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels (p < 0.05), supported by upregulated lipid synthesis gene expression (Acc1, Fas, Scd1) (p < 0.05) in the LM. KM50 altered cecal microflora, reducing Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. abundance, while increasing SCFA concentrations (acetic acid, propionic acid, total SCFAs) (p < 0.05). KM200 had minimal effects on intestinal weight and density, with increased apparent digestibility of nutrients. These findings highlight the dose-dependent impact of KM on intramuscular fat deposition. Subtherapeutic KM induced ectopic fat deposition, emphasizing potential risks in disease treatment for humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (G.H.); (J.Y.); (J.H.); (P.Z.)
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Song H, Hao Z, Feng H, Li R, Zhang R, Limesand SW, Zhao Y, Chen X. Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in low-birth-weight goat kids. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1370640. [PMID: 38596462 PMCID: PMC11002208 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1370640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) impairs the development and health of livestock by affecting postnatal growth performance and metabolic health in adulthood. Previous studies on indigenous goats in southwest China showed that LBW goat kids had higher mortality and morbidity rates, including hepatic dyslipidemia and liver damage. However, the mechanism of insulin resistance affecting lipid metabolism under LBW conditions remains unclear. In this study, we conducted in vivo glucose-insulin metabolic studies, measured biochemical parameters, and analyzed related regulatory pathways. Both glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests indicated insulin resistance in LBW goat kids compared to controls (p < 0.05). The marker of insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), was 2.85-fold higher in LBW than in control goats (p < 0.01). Additionally, elevated levels of free fatty acids in both plasma and skeletal muscle were observed in LBW goats compared to normal birth weight (NBW) goats (p < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed impairments in lipid metabolism and insulin signaling in LBW goats. The observed lipid accumulation was associated with the upregulation of genes linked to fatty acid uptake and transport (FABP3), fatty acid oxidation (PPARA), triacylglycerol synthesis (LPIN1 and DGAT1), oxidative stress (ANKRD2), and insulin resistance (PGC1α). Furthermore, the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) was lower in the liver of LBW goat kids (p < 0.05). While there was no change in insulin function in skeletal muscle, LBW may lead to lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle by interfering with insulin function in the liver. These findings collectively impact the health and growth performance of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuohang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Hehan Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Yunnan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sean W. Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, China
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Yang Y, Qiu W, Xiao J, Sun J, Ren X, Jiang L. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance via AMPK/PGC-1α and PPARα-mediated autophagy pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:309. [PMID: 38532480 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a flavonoid compound of natural origin, has been identified in high concentrations in ampelopsis grossedentata and has a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological functions, particularly in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. The objective of this research was to examine how DHM affected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its underlying mechanisms involved in the progression of NAFLD in a rat model subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD). Additionally, the study examines the underlying mechanisms in a cellular model of steatohepatitis using palmitic acid (PA)-treated HepG2 cells, with a focus on the potential correlation between autophagy and hepatic insulin resistance (IR) in the progress of NAFLD. METHODS SD rats were exposed to a HFD for a period of eight weeks, followed by a treatment with DHM (at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg·kg-1·d-1) for additional six weeks. The HepG2 cells received a 0.5 mM PA treatment for 24 h, either alone or in conjunction with DHM (10 µM). The histopathological alterations were assessed by the use of Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The quantification of glycogen content and lipid buildup in the liver was conducted by the use of PAS and Oil Red O staining techniques. Serum lipid and liver enzyme levels were also measured. Autophagic vesicle and autolysosome morphology was studied using electron microscopy. RT-qPCR and/or western blotting techniques were used to measure IR- and autophagy-related factors levels. RESULTS The administration of DHM demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating hepatic steatosis, as seen in both in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Moreover, DHM administration significantly increased GLUT2 expression, decreased G6Pase and PEPCK expression, and improved IR in the hepatic tissue of rats fed a HFD and in cells exhibiting steatosis. DHM treatment elevated Beclin 1, ATG 5, and LC3-II levels in hepatic steatosis models, correlating with autolysosome formation. The expression of AMPK levels and its downstream target PGC-1α, and PPARα were decreased in HFD-fed rats and PA-treated hepatocytes, which were reversed through DHM treatment. AMPK/ PGC-1α and PPARα knockdown reduced the impact of DHM on hepatic autophagy, IR and accumulation of hepatic lipid. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that AMPK/ PGC-1α, PPARα-dependent autophagy pathways in the pathophysiology of IR and hepatic steatosis has been shown, suggesting that DHM might potentially serve as a promising treatment option for addressing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Luxia Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery ICU, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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28
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Tang J, Dong W, Wang D, Deng Q, Guo H, Xiao G. Upregulation of PGC-1α expression by pioglitazone mediates prevention of sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13235. [PMID: 38511769 PMCID: PMC10946242 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) may modulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype by altering mitochondrial activity. This study aimed to investigate the role of the PGC-1α agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) in modulating sepsis-induced ALI. A mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI was established using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). An in vitro model was created by stimulating MH-S cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). qRT-PCR was used to measure mRNA levels of M1 markers iNOS and MHC-II and M2 markers Arg1 and CD206 to evaluate macrophage polarization. Western blotting detected expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) PGC-1α, and mitochondrial biogenesis proteins NRF1, NRF2, and mtTFA. To assess mitochondrial content and function, reactive oxygen species levels were detected by dihydroethidium staining, and mitochondrial DNA copy number was measured by qRT-PCR. In the CLP-induced ALI mouse model, lung tissues exhibited reduced PGC-1α expression. PGZ treatment rescued PGC-1α expression and alleviated lung injury, as evidenced by decreased lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), and enhanced M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PGZ activated the PPARγ/PGC-1α/mitochondrial protection pathway to prevent sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. These results may provide new insights and evidence for developing PGZ as a potential ALI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Wenzhu Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Honggang Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guibao Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang, China
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Hoseini Z, Behpour N, Hoseini R. Aerobic training with moderate or high doses of vitamin D improve liver enzymes, LXRα and PGC-1α levels in rats with T2DM. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6409. [PMID: 38494538 PMCID: PMC10944841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of key transcription factors involved in hepatic energy metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), has been observed in T2DM. The present study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on liver enzyme levels and the levels of PGC-1α and LXRα proteins in hepatocytes, in a rat model of T2DM. The study involved 56 male Wistar rats, divided into two groups: one was non-diabetic and acted as a control group (n = 8), and the other had induced diabetes (n = 48). The diabetic rats were then split into six subgroups: two groups received high or moderate doses of vitamin D and aerobic training (D + AT + HD and D + AT + MD); two groups received high or moderate doses of vitamin D alone (D + HD and D + MD); one group underwent aerobic training with vehicle (sesame oil; D + AT + oil), and one group was a diabetic control receiving only sesame oil (oil-receiving). The D + AT + HD and D + HD groups received 10,000 IU of vitamin D, while the D + AT + MD and D + MD groups received 5000 IU of vitamin D once a week by injection. The D + AT + oil group and the sham group received sesame oil. After eight weeks of treatment, body weight, BMI, food intake, serum insulin, glucose, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ALT, AST, and visceral fat were measured. The levels of PGC-1α and LXRα proteins in the liver was assessed by western blotting. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey post hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05. Body weight, food intake, and BMI decreased significantly in the D + AT + HD, D + AT + MD, D + AT + oil, D + HD, and D + MD groups with the highest reduction being observed in body weight and BMI in the D + AT + HD group. The D + AT + HD group exhibited the lowest levels of insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR while the D + C group exhibited the highest levels among the diabetic groups. The D + AT + HD and D + AT + MD groups had lower levels of ALT and AST enzymes compared to the other groups with no significant difference between D + AT + HD and D + AT + MD. D + AT + HD (p = 0.001), D + AT + MD (p = 0.001), D + HD (p = 0.023), D + MD (p = 0.029), and D + AT + oil (p = 0.011) upregulated LXRα compared to D + C. Among these groups, D + AT + HD exhibited a more profound upregulation of LXRα than D + AT + MD, D + AT + oil, D + HD, and D + MD (p = 0.005; p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). Similarly, D + AT + HD showed a more notable upregulation of PGC-1α compared to D + AT + oil, D + HD, and D + MD (p = 0.002; p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). Pearson correlation tests showed significant and negative correlations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin levels and both visceral fat (r = - 0.365; p = 0.005) and HOMA-IR (r = - 0.118; p = 0.009); while positive and significant correlations between the liver-to-bodyweight ratio with both ALT and AST enzymes and also between QUICKI levels with LXRα (r = 0.578; p = 0.001) and PGC-1α (r = 0.628; p = 0.001). Combined administration of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation potentially improves liver enzymes in type-2 diabetic rats that were simultaneous with upregulating the levels of PGC-1α and LXRα proteins in hepatocytes. These improvements were more significant when combining exercise with high-dose vitamin D supplementation. This study highlights the potential of this combination therapy as a new diabetes treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasser Behpour
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O.Box. 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran
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Zhu Y, Wang F, Ma Z, Hou S, Deng W, Zhang Y, Wu Q. Anti-proliferation and apoptosis induced via the mTOR/PGC-1α signaling pathway in trophoblast cells of miscarriage. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113959. [PMID: 38395376 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Miscarriage is a common complication during early pregnancy and affects approximately 10%-15% of all pregnant women. Several studies have reported that the abnormal expression of mitochondrial oxidative stress-related genes might be involved in the occurrence and progression of miscarriage. The present study attempted to uncover the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in miscarriage chorionic villous tissue. The hypothesis that PGC-1α is crucial for glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during early pregnancy was tested. The results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1α were significantly increased in the miscarriage chorionic villous tissues compared with the artificial selective abortion group, and that the expression was regulated by mTOR in knockdown and overexpression of mTOR in HTR8 cell lines. PGC-1α also promoted mitochondrion oxidative phosphorylation but inhibited glycolysis process. In addition, PGC-1α could drive ROS production, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and block NADPH synthesis, resulting in cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, eventually leading to miscarriage. These results suggested that the aberrant expression of PGC-1α is involved in the etiology of early miscarriage, providing new perspectives regarding the mechanisms of miscarriage and a potential therapeutic target for miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchang Zhu
- Fertility Center, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Fertility Center, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuanghong Ma
- Fertility Center, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sumei Hou
- Fertility Center, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifen Deng
- Fertility Center, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiongfang Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China.
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31
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Zhang Y, Luo C, Huang P, Cheng Y, Ma Y, Gao J, Ding H. Diosmetin Ameliorates HFD-induced Cognitive Impairments via Inhibiting Metabolic Disorders, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Male SD Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04083-x. [PMID: 38460078 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Currently, accumulating evidence has indicated that overnutrition-associated obesity may result in not only metabolic dysregulations, but also cognitive impairments. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Diosmetin, a bioflavonoid compound with multiple biological functions, on cognitive deficits induced by a high fat diet (HFD) and the potential mechanisms. In the present study, oral administration of Diosmetin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks significantly reduced the body weight, restored glucose tolerance and normalized lipid profiles in the serum and liver in HFD-induced obese rats. Diosmetin also significantly ameliorated depression-like behaviors and impaired spatial memory in multiple behavioral tests, including the open field test, elevated plus-maze and Morris water maze, which was in accordance with the decreased pathological changes and neuronal damage in different regions of hippocampus as suggested by H&E and Nissl staining. Notably, our results also indicated that Diosmetin could significantly improve mitochondrial dysfunction induced by HFD through upregulating genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, increasing mitochondrial ATP levels and inhibiting oxidative stress. Moreover, the levels of key enzymes involved in the TCA cycle were also significantly increased upon Diosmetin treatment. Meanwhile, Diosmetin inhibited HFD-induced microglial overactivation and down-regulated inflammatory cytokines both in the serum and hippocampus. In conclusion, these results indicated that Diosmetin might be a novel nutritional intervention to prevent the occurrence and development of obesity-associated cognitive dysfunction via metabolic regulation and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyun Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Puxin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahong Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiefang Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China.
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Yu S, Lee HM, Lee J, Hwang JT, Choi HK, Lee YG. Pennogenin 3- O-β-Chacotrioside Attenuates Hypertrophied Lipid Accumulation by Enhancing Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2970. [PMID: 38474216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes is a primary contributor to the development of metabolic disorders, including obesity. The consumption of bioactive compounds derived from natural sources has been recognized as being safe and effective in preventing and alleviating obesity. Therefore, we aimed to explore the antilipidemic effects of pennogenin 3-O-β-chacotrioside (P3C), a steroid glycoside, on hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oil Red O and Nile red staining demonstrated a P3C-induced reduction in lipid droplet accumulation. Additionally, the increased expression of adipogenic and lipogenic factors, including PPARγ and C/EBPα, during the differentiation process was significantly decreased by P3C treatment at both the protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, P3C treatment upregulated the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes such as PGC1α and CPT1a. Moreover, mitochondrial respiration and ATP generation increased following P3C treatment, as determined using the Seahorse XF analyzer. P3C treatment also increased the protein expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in hypertrophied adipocytes. Our findings suggest that P3C could serve as a natural lipid-lowering agent, reducing lipogenesis and enhancing mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Therefore, P3C may be a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent for obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Yu
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Lee
- Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Lee
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Geon Lee
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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Seo CH, Na GH, Lee D, Park JH, Hong TH, Kim OH, Lee SC, Kim KH, Choi HJ, Kim SJ. Pioneering PGC-1α-boosted secretome: a novel approach to combating liver fibrosis. Ann Surg Treat Res 2024; 106:155-168. [PMID: 38435492 PMCID: PMC10902621 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2024.106.3.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Liver fibrosis is a critical health issue with limited treatment options. This study investigates the potential of PGC-Sec, a secretome derived from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)-overexpressing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), as a novel therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis. Methods Upon achieving a cellular confluence of 70%-80%, ASCs were transfected with pcDNA-PGC-1α. PGC-Sec, obtained through concentration of conditioned media using ultrafiltration units with a 3-kDa cutoff, was assessed through in vitro assays and in vitro mouse models. Results In vitro, PGC-Sec significantly reduced LX2 human hepatic stellate cell proliferation and mitigated mitochondrial oxidative stress compared to the control-secretome. In an in vivo mouse model, PGC-Sec treatment led to notable reductions in hepatic enzyme activity, serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations, and fibrosis-related marker expression. Histological analysis demonstrated improved liver histology and reduced fibrosis severity in PGC-Sec-treated mice. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed enhanced expression of PGC-1α, optic atrophy 1 (a mitochondrial function marker), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (an antifibrogenic marker) in the PGC-Sec-treated group, along with reduced collagen type 1A expression (a profibrogenic marker). Conclusion These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PGC-Sec in combating liver fibrosis by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and promoting antifibrotic processes. PGC-Sec holds promise as a novel treatment strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun Hyung Na
- Department of Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dosang Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Translational Research Team, Surginex Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Translational Research Team, Surginex Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Ziqubu K, Muvhulawa N, Marcheggiani F, Cirilli I, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Potential regulatory role of PGC-1α within the skeletal muscle during metabolic adaptations in response to high-fat diet feeding in animal models. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:283-293. [PMID: 38044359 PMCID: PMC10847180 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) feeding in rodents has become an essential tool to critically analyze and study the pathological effects of obesity, including mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) regulates cellular energy metabolism to influence insulin sensitivity, beyond its active role in stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to facilitate skeletal muscle adaptations in response to HFD feeding. Here, some of the major electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were accessed to update and critically discuss information on the potential role of PGC-1α during metabolic adaptations within the skeletal muscle in response to HFD feeding in rodents. In fact, available evidence suggests that partial exposure to HFD feeding (potentially during the early stages of disease development) is associated with impaired metabolic adaptations within the skeletal muscle, including mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced insulin sensitivity. In terms of implicated molecular mechanisms, these negative effects are partially associated with reduced activity of PGC-1α, together with the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and altered expression of genes involving nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A within the skeletal muscle. Notably, metabolic abnormalities observed with chronic exposure to HFD (likely during the late stages of disease development) may potentially occur independently of PGC-1α regulation within the muscle of rodents. Summarized evidence suggests the causal relationship between PGC-1α regulation and effective modulations of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic flexibility during the different stages of disease development. It further indicates that prominent interventions like caloric restriction and physical exercise may affect PGC-1α regulation during effective modulation of metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa.
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
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35
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Jernfors T, Lavrinienko A, Vareniuk I, Landberg R, Fristedt R, Tkachenko O, Taskinen S, Tukalenko E, Mappes T, Watts PC. Association between gut health and gut microbiota in a polluted environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169804. [PMID: 38184263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Animals host complex bacterial communities in their gastrointestinal tracts, with which they share a mutualistic interaction. The numerous effects these interactions grant to the host include regulation of the immune system, defense against pathogen invasion, digestion of otherwise undigestible foodstuffs, and impacts on host behaviour. Exposure to stressors, such as environmental pollution, parasites, and/or predators, can alter the composition of the gut microbiome, potentially affecting host-microbiome interactions that can be manifest in the host as, for example, metabolic dysfunction or inflammation. However, whether a change in gut microbiota in wild animals associates with a change in host condition is seldom examined. Thus, we quantified whether wild bank voles inhabiting a polluted environment, areas where there are environmental radionuclides, exhibited a change in gut microbiota (using 16S amplicon sequencing) and concomitant change in host health using a combined approach of transcriptomics, histological staining analyses of colon tissue, and quantification of short-chain fatty acids in faeces and blood. Concomitant with a change in gut microbiota in animals inhabiting contaminated areas, we found evidence of poor gut health in the host, such as hypotrophy of goblet cells and likely weakened mucus layer and related changes in Clca1 and Agr2 gene expression, but no visible inflammation in colon tissue. Through this case study we show that inhabiting a polluted environment can have wide reaching effects on the gut health of affected animals, and that gut health and other host health parameters should be examined together with gut microbiota in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Jernfors
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland; Laboratory of Food Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Igor Vareniuk
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Reproductive Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Fristedt
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olena Tkachenko
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Reproductive Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Sara Taskinen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Research of NAS of Ukraine, 020000, Ukraine
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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Shi S, Wang J, Gong H, Huang X, Mu B, Cheng X, Feng B, Jia L, Luo Q, Liu W, Chen Z, Huang C. PGC-1α-Coordinated Hypothalamic Antioxidant Defense Is Linked to SP1-LanCL1 Axis during High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:252. [PMID: 38397850 PMCID: PMC10885970 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity parallels hypothalamic inflammation and oxidative stress, but the correlations between them are not well-defined. Here, with mouse models targeting the antioxidant gene LanCL1 in the hypothalamus, we demonstrate that impaired hypothalamic antioxidant defense aggravates HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation and obesity progress, and these could be improved in mice with elevated hypothalamic antioxidant defense. We also show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a critical transcriptional coactivator, is implicated in regulating hypothalamic LanCL1 transcription, in collaboration with SP1 through a direct interaction, in response to HFD-induced palmitic acid (PA) accumulation. According to our results, when exposed to HFD, mice undergo a process of overwhelming hypothalamic antioxidant defense; short-time HFD exposure induces ROS production to activate PGC-1α and elevate LanCL1-mediated antioxidant defense, while long-time exposure promotes ubiquitin-mediated PGC-1α degradation and suppresses LanCL1 expression. Our findings show the critical importance of the hypothalamic PGC-1α-SP1-LanCL1 axis in regulating HFD-induced obesity, and provide new insights describing the correlations of hypothalamic inflammation and oxidative stress during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jichen Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huan Gong
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Bin Mu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangyu Cheng
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.H.); (B.F.)
| | - Lanlan Jia
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.S.); (J.W.); (H.G.); (B.M.); (X.C.); (L.J.); (Q.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Chen H, Gong S, Zhang H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Hao J, Liu H, Li X. From the regulatory mechanism of TFEB to its therapeutic implications. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:84. [PMID: 38365838 PMCID: PMC10873368 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB), known as a major transcriptional regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, regulates target gene expression by binding to coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) elements. TFEB are regulated by multiple links, such as transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, translational-level regulation, post-translational modification (PTM), and nuclear competitive regulation. Targeted regulation of TFEB has been victoriously used as a treatment strategy in several disease models such as ischemic injury, lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), cancer, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of TFEB and its applications in several disease models by targeting the regulation of TFEB as a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Siqiao Gong
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhan-jiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yonghan Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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Li L, Lai X, Ni Y, Chen S, Qu Y, Hu Z, Sun J. The role of GPR81-cAMP-PKA pathway in endurance training-induced intramuscular triglyceride accumulation and mitochondrial content changes in rats. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:8. [PMID: 38331728 PMCID: PMC10851531 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The athlete's paradox phenomenon involves the accumulation of intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) in both insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive endurance athletes. Nevertheless, a complete understanding of this phenomenon is yet to be achieved. Recent research indicates that lactate, a common byproduct of physical activity, may increase the accumulation of IMTG in skeletal muscle. This is achieved through the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) leads to the suppression of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) pathway. The mechanism accountable for the increase in mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle triggered by lactate remains incomprehensible. Based on current research, our objective is to explore the role of the GPR81-inhibited cAMP-PKA pathway in the aggregation of IMTG and the increase in mitochondrial content as a result of prolonged exercise. The GPR81-cAMP-PKA-signaling pathway regulates the buildup of IMTG caused by extended periods of endurance training (ET). This is likely due to a decrease in proteins related to fat breakdown and an increase in proteins responsible for fat production. It is possible that the GPR81-cAMP-PKA pathway does not contribute to the long-term increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and content, which is induced by chronic ET. Additional investigation is required to explore the possible hindrance of the mitochondrial biogenesis and content process during physical activity by the GPR81-cAMP-PKA signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdeng Lai
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Ni
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Qu
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Sun
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physical Education, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Yu HY, Kim KK, Baek SH, Park CI, Jeon HJ, Song AR, Park HJ, Park IB, Kang JS, Kim JM, Kim TW, Jang SM, Cha JY, Kim J. Effect of YC-1102 on the Improvement of Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1437-1450. [PMID: 38392211 PMCID: PMC10887656 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major risk factors for metabolic diseases worldwide. This study examined the effects of YC-1102, an extract derived from the roots of Rosa multiflora, on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. In vivo experiments involved the oral administration of YC-1102 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) daily to mice for eight weeks. YC-1102 was found to downregulate the expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα during adipogenesis, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and upregulating the expression of PGC-1α for energy metabolism to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. It has been shown that daily administration of YC-1102 to mice receiving a HFD prevented an increase in body weight and the accumulation of body fat. YC-1102 administration also reduced TG, TC, and LDL cholesterol levels, as well as glucose and leptin levels, and increased adiponectin levels, thus effectively inhibiting the metabolism of lipids. YC-1102-treated mice showed significant reductions in the mRNA expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. The levels of PGC-1α involved in energy metabolism increased significantly in the YC-1102-treated mice when compared to the HFD-treated mice. According to the findings of this study, YC-1102 has a dual mechanism that reduces transcription factors that promote the differentiation of adipocytes and increases transcription factors that promote energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Kon Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Hwa Baek
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho I Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeon
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ri Song
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Bum Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Kang
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Seoul 07335, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Jang
- Newgen Healthcare Co., Ltd., 56 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Cha
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin-si 17084, Republic of Korea
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong-si 36618, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 57907, Republic of Korea
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Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen R. The Role of Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1882. [PMID: 38339160 PMCID: PMC10855901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity or excessive weight gain is identified as the most important and significant risk factor in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in all age groups. It has reached pandemic dimensions, making the treatment of obesity crucial in the prevention and management of type 2 DM worldwide. Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated that moderate and sustained weight loss can improve blood glucose levels, insulin action and reduce the need for diabetic medications. A combined approach of diet, exercise and lifestyle modifications can successfully reduce obesity and subsequently ameliorate the ill effects and deadly complications of DM. This approach also helps largely in the prevention, control and remission of DM. Obesity and DM are chronic diseases that are increasing globally, requiring new approaches to manage and prevent diabetes in obese individuals. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanistic link between the two and design a comprehensive approach to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life in patients with type 2 DM and obesity. This literature review provides explicit information on the clinical definitions of obesity and type 2 DM, the incidence and prevalence of type 2 DM in obese individuals, the indispensable role of obesity in the pathophysiology of type 2 DM and their mechanistic link. It also discusses clinical studies and outlines the recent management approaches for the treatment of these associated conditions. Additionally, in vivo studies on obesity and type 2 DM are discussed here as they pave the way for more rigorous development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Chandrasekaran
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. ND10.504, Dallas, TX 75390-9014, USA
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Naja K, Anwardeen N, Malki AM, Elrayess MA. Metformin increases 3-hydroxy medium chain fatty acids in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional pharmacometabolomic study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1313597. [PMID: 38370354 PMCID: PMC10869496 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1313597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin is a drug with a long history of providing benefits in diabetes management and beyond. The mechanisms of action of metformin are complex, and continue to be actively debated and investigated. The aim of this study is to identify metabolic signatures associated with metformin treatment, which may explain the pleiotropic mechanisms by which metformin works, and could lead to an improved treatment and expanded use. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, in which clinical and metabolomic data for 146 patients with type 2 diabetes were retrieved from Qatar Biobank. Patients were categorized into: Metformin-treated, treatment naïve, and non-metformin treated. Orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis and linear models were used to analyze differences in the level of metabolites between the metformin treated group with each of the other two groups. Results Patients on metformin therapy showed, among other metabolites, a significant increase in 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxydecanoate, which may have substantial effects on metabolism. Conclusions This is the first study to report an association between 3-hydroxy medium chain fatty acids with metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. This opens up new directions towards repurposing metformin by comprehensively understanding the role of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Naja
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed M. Malki
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Science Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Behrooz AB, Cordani M, Fiore A, Donadelli M, Gordon JW, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. The obesity-autophagy-cancer axis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 99:24-44. [PMID: 38309540 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a self-degradative process vital for cellular homeostasis, plays a significant role in adipose tissue metabolism and tumorigenesis. This review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between autophagy, obesity, and cancer development, with a specific emphasis on how obesity-driven changes affect the regulation of autophagy and subsequent implications for cancer risk. The burgeoning epidemic of obesity underscores the relevance of this research, particularly given the established links between obesity, autophagy, and various cancers. Our exploration delves into hormonal influence, notably INS (insulin) and LEP (leptin), on obesity and autophagy interactions. Further, we draw attention to the latest findings on molecular factors linking obesity to cancer, including hormonal changes, altered metabolism, and secretory autophagy. We posit that targeting autophagy modulation may offer a potent therapeutic approach for obesity-associated cancer, pointing to promising advancements in nanocarrier-based targeted therapies for autophagy modulation. However, we also recognize the challenges inherent to these approaches, particularly concerning their precision, control, and the dual roles autophagy can play in cancer. Future research directions include identifying novel biomarkers, refining targeted therapies, and harmonizing these approaches with precision medicine principles, thereby contributing to a more personalized, effective treatment paradigm for obesity-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Chen C, Wang J, Zhu X, Hu J, Liu C, Liu L. Energy metabolism and redox balance: How phytochemicals influence heart failure treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116136. [PMID: 38215694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) epitomizes a formidable global health quandary characterized by marked morbidity and mortality. It has been established that severe derangements in energy metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of HF, culminating in an inadequate cardiac energy milieu, which, in turn, precipitates cardiac pump dysfunction and systemic energy metabolic failure, thereby steering the trajectory and potential recuperation of HF. The conventional therapeutic paradigms for HF predominantly target amelioration of heart rate, and cardiac preload and afterload, proffering symptomatic palliation or decelerating the disease progression. However, the realm of therapeutics targeting the cardiac energy metabolism remains largely uncharted. This review delineates the quintessential characteristics of cardiac energy metabolism in healthy hearts, and the metabolic aberrations observed during HF, alongside the associated metabolic pathways and targets. Furthermore, we delve into the potential of phytochemicals in rectifying the redox disequilibrium and the perturbations in energy metabolism observed in HF. Through an exhaustive analysis of recent advancements, we underscore the promise of phytochemicals in modulating these pathways, thereby unfurling a novel vista on HF therapeutics. Given their potential in orchestrating cardiac energy metabolism, phytochemicals are emerging as a burgeoning frontier for HF treatment. The review accentuates the imperative for deeper exploration into how these phytochemicals specifically intervene in cardiac energy metabolism, and the subsequent translation of these findings into clinical applications, thereby broadening the horizon for HF treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xueying Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lanchun Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Meng M, Wang J, Wang C, Zhao J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Sun H, Liu M. Coenzyme Q10 Protects Against Hyperlipidemia-Induced Osteoporosis by Improving Mitochondrial Function via Modulating miR-130b-3p/PGC-1α Pathway. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:182-199. [PMID: 38055044 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiate into more adipocytes than osteoblasts, leading to decreased bone formation. It is vital to elucidate the effects of hyperlipidemia on bone metabolism and seek new agents that regulate adipocyte-osteoblast lineage allocation. CoQ10, a rate-limiting coenzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, has been reported to decrease oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by functioning as a mitochondrial antioxidant. However, its effect on hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the therapeutic mechanisms of CoQ10 on hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis by using high-fat diet (HFD)-treated ApoE-/- mice or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated BMSCs. The serum lipid levels were elevated and bone formation-related markers were decreased in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-treated BMSCs, which could be reversed by CoQ10. Additionally, PGC-1α protein expression was decreased in HFD-treated ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-treated BMSCs, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased ATP content and overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could also be antagonized by CoQ10. Furthermore, PGC-1α knockdown in vitro promoted ROS generation, BMSC apoptosis, and adipogenic differentiation while attenuating osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Mechanistically, it suggested that the expression of PGC1-α protein was increased with miR-130b-3p inhibitor treatment in osteoporosis under hyperlipidemia conditions to improve mitochondrial function. Collectively, CoQ10 alleviates hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis in ApoE-/- mice and regulates adipocyte-osteoblast lineage allocation. The possible underlying mechanism may involve the improvement of mitochondrial function by modulating the miR-130b-3p/PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China.
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Wang W, Chen S, Xu S, Liao G, Li W, Yang X, Li T, Zhang H, Huang H, Zhou Y, Pan H, Lin C. Jianpi Shengqing Huazhuo Formula improves abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117102. [PMID: 37660955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jianpi Shengqing Huazhuo Formula (JSH) is a modified prescription based on traditional Chinese medicine theory and classic prescriptions (Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Yuye Decoction). It has been found that JSH has a good effect on obese patients with early abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to study its clinical efficacy and pharmacological effect. AIM OF THE STUDY To observe the clinical efficacy of JSH and explore the mechanism of the formula to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. CLINICAL OBSERVATION 10 overweight/obese patients with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism were selected to observe the indicators of serum glucose, serum lipids and liver damage of the patients before and after treatment with JSH. 2. Animal experiments: Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, Metformin group (120 mg/kg/day), JSH-L group (5 g/kg/day) and JSH-H group (20 g/kg/day), with 10 rats in each group. The obese SD rat model was produced by feeding 60% high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and the drug group was given prophylactic administration for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weight, abdominal fat, plasma glucose, plasma lipids, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in plasma were detected by Elisa, and the changes of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in plasma and liver tissue were detected by kits. The pathological changes and lipid deposition in liver were observed by HE staining and oil red O staining, and the changes in the number of mitochondria in liver cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. RT-qPCR and Western Blot (WB) were used to detect the mitochondrial regulation-related indicators PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, MFN2, DRP1 and apoptosis-related indicators Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 8 in liver tissue. RESULTS 1. CLINICAL OBSERVATION After one month administration, the patient's body weight, BMI, 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly, and the indicators of liver damage AST and ALT also decreased significantly. 2. Animal experiments: JSH can significantly reduce body weight and abdominal fat area, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and also reduce plasma IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α content in obese rats, and improve oxidative stress; HE staining and oil red O staining also showed that JSH can alleviate liver damage and lipid deposition in the liver. Further observations of liver cell ultrastructure showed that JSH can ameliorate the reduction of liver mitochondria caused by a high-fat diet and promote the expression of indicators of mitochondrial biogenesis related to PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. Moreover, JSH could promote the expression of MFN2 and DRP1, decrease Bcl-2 and increase Bax in the liver. CONCLUSIONS 1. CLINICAL OBSERVATION JSH can reduce body weight, serum glucose, serum lipid, and liver injury in overweight/obese patients. 2. Animal experiments: JSH regulates PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM signaling pathway promotes liver mitochondrial biogenesis, improves glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats, and regulates mitochondrial dependent apoptosis indicators Bcl-2/Bax to reduce liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shuting Xu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Guangyi Liao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Weihao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Huifen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Chuanquan Lin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Rao Y, Su R, Wu C, Yang G, Fu R, Wu J, Liang J, Liu J, Jiang Z, Xu C, Huang L. Marine fungus Aspergillus c1. sp metabolite activates the HSF1/PGC-1α axis, inducing a thermogenic program for treating obesity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1320040. [PMID: 38333010 PMCID: PMC10851286 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1320040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Obesity is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide with less ideal approved agents in clinic. Activating the HSF1/PGC-1α axis in adipose tissues has been reported to induce thermogenesis in mice, which presents a promising therapeutic avenue for obesity treatment. The present study aimed to identified novel natural HSF1 activator and evaluated the therapeutic effects of the newly discovered compound on obesity-associated metabolic disorders and the molecular mechanisms of these effects. Methods: Our previous reported HSF1/PGC-1α activator screening system was used to identify novel natural HSF1 activator. The PGC-1α luciferase activity, immunoblot, protein nuclear-translocation, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to evaluate the activity of compound HN-001 in activating HSF1. The experiments of mitochondrial number measurement, TG assay and imaging, cellular metabolic assay, gene assays, and CRISPR/Cas 9 were applied for investigating the metabolic effect of HN-001 in C3H10-T1/2 adipocytes. The in vivo anti-obesity efficacies and beneficial metabolic effects of HN-001 were evaluated by performing body and fat mass quantification, plasma chemical analysis, GTT, ITT, cold tolerance test, thermogenesis analysis. Results: HN-001 dose- and time-dependently activated HSF1 and induced HSF1 nuclear translocation, resulting in an enhancement in binding with the gene Pgc-1α. This improvement induced activation of adipose thermogenesis and enhancement of mitochondrial oxidation capacity, thus inhibiting adipocyte maturation. Deletion of HSF1 in adipocytes impaired mitochondrial oxidation and abolished the above beneficial metabolic effects of HN-001, including adipocyte browning induction, improvements in mitogenesis and oxidation capacity, and lipid-lowering ability. In mice, HN-001 treatment efficiently alleviated diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders. These changes were associated with increased body temperature in mice and activation of the HSF1/PGC-1α axis in adipose tissues. UCP1 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis were increased in both white and brown adipose tissues of HN-001-treated mice. Conclusion: These data indicate that HN-001 may have therapeutic potential for obesity-related metabolic diseases by increasing the capacity of energy expenditure in adipose tissues through a mechanism involving the HSF1/PGC-1α axis, which shed new light on the development of novel anti-obesity agents derived from marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Rao
- *Correspondence: Yong Rao, ; Ling Huang,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Zakic T, Kalezic A, Drvendzija Z, Udicki M, Ivkovic Kapicl T, Srdic Galic B, Korac A, Jankovic A, Korac B. Breast Cancer: Mitochondria-Centered Metabolic Alterations in Tumor and Associated Adipose Tissue. Cells 2024; 13:155. [PMID: 38247846 PMCID: PMC10814287 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The close cooperation between breast cancer and cancer-associated adipose tissue (CAAT) shapes the malignant phenotype, but the role of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and obesity in breast cancer remains undecided, especially in premenopausal women. Here, we examined mitochondrial metabolic dynamics in paired biopsies of malignant versus benign breast tumor tissue and CAAT in normal-weight and overweight/obese premenopausal women. Lower protein level of pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase in malignant tumor tissue indicated decreased carbon flux from glucose into the Krebs cycle, whereas the trend was just the opposite in malignant CAAT. Simultaneously, stimulated lipolysis in CAAT of obese women was followed by upregulated β-oxidation, as well as fatty acid synthesis enzymes in both tumor tissue and CAAT of women with malignant tumors, corroborating their physical association. Further, protein level of electron transport chain complexes was generally increased in tumor tissue and CAAT from women with malignant tumors, respective to obesity. Preserved mitochondrial structure in malignant tumor tissue was also observed. However, mitochondrial DNA copy number and protein levels of PGC-1α were dependent on both malignancy and obesity in tumor tissue and CAAT. In conclusion, metabolic cooperation between breast cancer and CAAT in premenopausal women involves obesity-related, synchronized changes in mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zakic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Z.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Z.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Zorka Drvendzija
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.D.); (M.U.); (B.S.G.)
| | - Mirjana Udicki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.D.); (M.U.); (B.S.G.)
| | - Tatjana Ivkovic Kapicl
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.D.); (M.U.); (B.S.G.)
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Srdic Galic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (Z.D.); (M.U.); (B.S.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Z.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.Z.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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48
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Dörmann N, Hammer E, Struckmann K, Rüdebusch J, Bartels K, Wenzel K, Schulz J, Gross S, Schwanz S, Martin E, Fielitz B, Pablo Tortola C, Hahn A, Benkner A, Völker U, Felix SB, Fielitz J. Metabolic remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction occurs independent of transcription factor EB in mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1323760. [PMID: 38259303 PMCID: PMC10800928 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1323760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A metabolic shift from fatty acid (FAO) to glucose oxidation (GO) occurs during cardiac hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), which is mediated by PGC-1α and PPARα. While the transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates the expression of both PPARGC1A/PGC-1α and PPARA/PPARα, its contribution to metabolic remodeling is uncertain. Methods Luciferase assays were performed to verify that TFEB regulates PPARGC1A expression. Cardiomyocyte-specific Tfeb knockout (cKO) and wildtype (WT) male mice were subjected to 27G transverse aortic constriction or sham surgery for 21 and 56 days, respectively, to induce LVH and HFrEF. Echocardiographic, morphological, and histological analyses were performed. Changes in markers of cardiac stress and remodeling, metabolic shift and oxidative phosphorylation were investigated by Western blot analyses, mass spectrometry, qRT-PCR, and citrate synthase and complex II activity measurements. Results Luciferase assays revealed that TFEB increases PPARGC1A/PGC-1α expression, which was inhibited by class IIa histone deacetylases and derepressed by protein kinase D. At baseline, cKO mice exhibited a reduced cardiac function, elevated stress markers and a decrease in FAO and GO gene expression compared to WT mice. LVH resulted in increased cardiac remodeling and a decreased expression of FAO and GO genes, but a comparable decline in cardiac function in cKO compared to WT mice. In HFrEF, cKO mice showed an improved cardiac function, lower heart weights, smaller myocytes and a reduction in cardiac remodeling compared to WT mice. Proteomic analysis revealed a comparable decrease in FAO- and increase in GO-related proteins in both genotypes. A significant reduction in mitochondrial quality control genes and a decreased citrate synthase and complex II activities was observed in hearts of WT but not cKO HFrEF mice. Conclusions TFEB affects the baseline expression of metabolic and mitochondrial quality control genes in the heart, but has only minor effects on the metabolic shift in LVH and HFrEF in mice. Deletion of TFEB plays a protective role in HFrEF but does not affect the course of LVH. Further studies are needed to elucidate if TFEB affects the metabolic flux in stressed cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Dörmann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karlotta Struckmann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Rüdebusch
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bartels
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristin Wenzel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Schulz
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Gross
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwanz
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elisa Martin
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Britta Fielitz
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cristina Pablo Tortola
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hahn
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Benkner
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Fielitz
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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49
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Eslami Z, Aghili SS, Ghafi AG. Atorvastatin on Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients. Chonnam Med J 2024; 60:13-20. [PMID: 38304133 PMCID: PMC10828082 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2024.60.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excess fat builds up in the liver, often related to obesity and insulin resistance, which can lead to inflammation and scarring of the liver tissue. While efforts have been made to develop effective treatments for NAFLD, the need for pharmaceutical interventions remains unmet. Large clinical trials investigating the association between statin use and NAFLD are scarce, leading to contradictory results. Statins play a crucial role in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Several studies have demonstrated that statins possess anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-fibrotic properties. These properties make statins potentially useful in preventing the progression of NAFLD from simple steatosis to more severe forms like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. The results indicate that statin use is associated with a lower prevalence of NASH and fibrosis and may have a preventive effect on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Eslami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Ghaleh Ghafi
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Damghan Branch, Semnan, Iran
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50
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Chiang CH, Lin YH, Kao YC, Weng SC, Chen CM, Liou YM. Mechanistic study of the Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 in regulating mesenchymal stem cell fate decision toward adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Life Sci 2024; 336:122336. [PMID: 38092142 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Akr1A1 is a glycolytic enzyme catalyzing the reduction of aldehyde to alcohol. This study aims to delineate the role of Akr1A1 in regulating the adipo-osteogenic lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MAIN METHODS MSCs derived from human bone marrow and Wharton Jelly together with gain- and loss-of-function analysis as well as supplementation with the S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor N6022 were used to study the function of Akr1A1 in controlling MSC lineage differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes. KEY FINDINGS Akr1A1 expression, PKM2 activity, and lactate production were found to be decreased in osteoblast-committed MSCs, but PGC-1α increased to induce mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Increased Akr1A1 inhibited the SIRT1-dependent pathway for decreasing the expressions of PGC-1α and TAZ but increasing PPAR γ in adipocyte-committed MSCs, hence promoting glycolysis in adipogenesis. In contrast, Akr1A1 expression, PKM2 activity and lactate production were all increased in adipocyte-differentiated cells with decreased PGC-1α for switching energy utilization to glycolytic metabolism. Reduced Akr1A1 expression in osteoblast-committed cells relieves its inhibition of SIRT1-mediated activation of PGC-1α and TAZ for facilitating osteogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE Several metabolism-involved regulators including Akr1A1, SIRT1, PPARγ, PGC-1α and TAZ were differentially expressed in osteoblast- and adipocyte-committed MSCs. More importantly, Akr1A1 was identified as a new key regulator for controlling the MSC lineage commitment in favor of adipogenesis but detrimental to osteogenesis. Such information should be useful to develop perspective new therapeutic agents to reverse the adipo-osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, in a way to increase in osteogenesis but decrease in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hao Chiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cuieh Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Chun Weng
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ming Liou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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