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Jones AJ, Novinger LJ, Bonetto A, Davis KP, Giuliano MM, Mantravadi AV, Sim MW, Moore MG, Yesensky JA. Histopathologic Features of Mucosal Head and Neck Cancer Cachexia. Int J Surg Oncol 2024; 2024:5339292. [PMID: 38966634 PMCID: PMC11223910 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5339292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Determine the histopathologic features that correlate with head and neck cancer (HNC) cachexia. Methods A single-institution, retrospective study was performed on adults with HPV-negative, mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the aerodigestive tract undergoing resection and free flap reconstruction from 2014 to 2019. Patients with distant metastases were excluded. Demographics, comorbidities, preoperative nutrition, and surgical pathology reports were collected. Comparisons of histopathologic features and cachexia severity were made. Results The study included 222 predominantly male (64.9%) patients aged 61.3 ± 11.8 years. Cachexia was identified in 57.2% patients, and 18.5% were severe (≥15% weight loss). No differences in demographics were identified between the groups. Compared to control, patients with severe cachexia had lower serum hemoglobin (p=0.048) and albumin (p < 0.001), larger tumor diameter (p < 0.001), greater depth of invasion (p < 0.001), and elevated proportions of pT4 disease (p < 0.001), pN2-N3 disease (p=0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.009), and extranodal extension (p=0.014). Multivariate logistic regression identified tumor size (OR [95% CI] = 1.36 [1.08-1.73]), oral cavity tumor (OR [95% CI] = 0.30 [0.11-0.84]), and nodal burden (OR [95% CI] = 1.16 [0.98-1.38]) as significant histopathologic contributors of cancer cachexia. Conclusions Larger, more invasive tumors with nodal metastases and aggressive histologic features are associated with greater cachexia severity in mucosal HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Jones
- Indiana University School of MedicineDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leah J. Novinger
- University of Colorado AnschutzDepartment of Pathology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- University of Colorado AnschutzDepartment of Pathology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kyle P. Davis
- St. Louis University School of MedicineDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marelle M. Giuliano
- Indiana University School of MedicineDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Avinash V. Mantravadi
- Indiana University School of MedicineDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael W. Sim
- Indiana University School of MedicineDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael G. Moore
- Indiana University School of MedicineDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jessica A. Yesensky
- Indiana University School of MedicineDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Arends J. Malnutrition in cancer patients: Causes, consequences and treatment options. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:107074. [PMID: 37783594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients are at a high risk of malnutrition and disease-associated catabolic derangements. It is important to differentiate between 'simple' - voluntary or involuntary - caloric restriction with protein-sparing ketogenic metabolic adaptation and cachexia, characterized by the combination of weight loss and dysmetabolism, most prominently systemic inflammation. While both conditions result in the sacrifice of fat and protein stores and thus impact on treatment tolerance, complication rates and survival, the presence of metabolic derangements is especially dangerous by straining multiple organ functions. To avoid underdiagnosing and undertreating malnutrition, all cancer patients should be routinely screened for nutritional risk. At-risk patients require comprehensive assessment for contributing and treatable causes and, if available, multi-professional efforts to improve food intake, support anabolism, alleviate distress and antagonize pro-inflammatory processes. In curative settings, anabolic support should accompany or even precede anticancer treatments. Prehabilitation before major surgery, has been studied extensively, including muscle training as well as nutritional and/or psychological support. Recent meta-analyses report a consistent benefit on functional capacity and possible improvement in postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. In palliative settings, prevailing catabolic derangements require careful assessment of the individual constellation of disturbed functions and an empathic evaluation of benefits and risks of nutritional interventions. This is of special relevance in patients with an expected survival of less than a few months. Due to the complex interactions of mechanical, metabolic and psychological factors, multi-professional teams should be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Arends
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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3
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Loyala JV, Down B, Wong E, Tan B. Treatment of Cachexia in Gastric Cancer: Exploring the Use of Anti-Inflammatory Natural Products and Their Derivatives. Nutrients 2024; 16:1246. [PMID: 38674936 PMCID: PMC11053965 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Gastric cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Weight loss and malnutrition associated with cancer are linked with increased mortality rates and reduced quality of life. Cancer cachexia, characterised by the loss of skeletal muscle, is associated with approximately 20% of cancer-related deaths and differs from malnutrition in that it cannot be fully reversed by nutritional support alone. It is now recognised that the primary pathophysiological process underlying cancer cachexia is chronic inflammation leading to increased calorie consumption. Current treatments that focus on nutritional supplementation, psychological counselling, appetite stimulation and reducing inflammation are lacking in efficacy. This review focuses on the evidence supporting the potential roles of natural anti-inflammatory products and their derivatives including fatty acids, probiotics, amino acids, curcumin, fucoidan, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ginger, resveratrol and Boswellia serrata in the management of gastric cancer cachexia. (2) Results: While natural anti-inflammatory products show promise in a number of in vitro and in vivo studies, there are only a small number of human studies available. Where present, the evidence base is heterogeneous, with varying study methodologies and outcomes. (3) Conclusions: Natural anti-inflammatory products represent a potential adjunctive therapy for gastric cancer cachexia. Further research, particularly well-designed clinical trials, is needed to elucidate their optimal role, dosing and safety profiles in the management of gastric cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerocin Vishani Loyala
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Billy Down
- High Wycombe Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, High Wycombe HP11 2TT, UK;
| | - Enoch Wong
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Benjamin Tan
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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Byerley LO, Lorenzen B, Chang HM, Hartman WG, Keenan MJ, Page R, Luo M, Dowd SE, Taylor CM. Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Differs in Two Distinct Cachectic Tumor-Bearing Models Consuming the Same Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:1076. [PMID: 38613109 PMCID: PMC11013133 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of cancer cachexia on the colonic microbiota is poorly characterized. This study assessed the effect of two cachectic-producing tumor types on the gut microbiota to determine if a similar dysbiosis could be found. In addition, it was determined if a diet containing an immunonutrient-rich food (walnuts) known to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria in the colon could alter the dysbiosis and slow cachexia. Male Fisher 344 rats were randomly assigned to a semi-purified diet with or without walnuts. Then, within each diet group, rats were further assigned randomly to a treatment group: tumor-bearing ad libitum fed (TB), non-tumor-bearing ad libitum fed (NTB-AL), and non-tumor-bearing group pair-fed to the TB (NTB-PF). The TB group was implanted either with the Ward colon carcinoma or MCA-induced sarcoma, both transplantable tumor lines. Fecal samples were collected after the development of cachexia, and bacteria species were identified using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Both TB groups developed cachexia but had a differently altered gut microbiome. Beta diversity was unaffected by treatment (NTB-AL, TB, and NTB-PF) regardless of tumor type but was affected by diet. Also, diet consistently changed the relative abundance of several bacteria taxa, while treatment and tumor type did not. The control diet increased the abundance of A. Anaeroplasma, while the walnut diet increased the genus Ruminococcus. There were no common fecal bacterial changes characteristic of cachexia found. Diet consistently changed the gut microbiota, but these changes were insufficient to slow the progression of cachexia, suggesting cancer cachexia is more complex than a few gut microbiota shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri O. Byerley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - Brittany Lorenzen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - Hsiao-Man Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - William G. Hartman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - Michael J. Keenan
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, 297 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.J.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Ryan Page
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, 297 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.J.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.L.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, 503 Clovis Rd., Shallowater, TX 79363, USA;
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.L.); (C.M.T.)
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Tian Z, Qiao X, Wang Z, Li X, Pan Y, Wei X, Lv Z, Li P, Du Q, Wei W, Yan L, Chen S, Xu C, Feng Y, Zhou R. Cisplatin and doxorubicin chemotherapy alters gut microbiota in a murine osteosarcoma model. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1336-1351. [PMID: 38231481 PMCID: PMC10866425 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely associated with tumor progression and treatment in a variety of cancers. However, the alteration of the gut microbiota during the progression and chemotherapy of osteosarcoma remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the relationship between dysbiosis in the gut microbiota during osteosarcoma growth and chemotherapy treatment. We used BALB/c nude mice to establish osteosarcoma xenograft tumor models and administered cisplatin (CDDP) or doxorubicin (DOX) intraperitonially once every 2 days for a total of 5 times to establish effective chemotherapy models. Fecal samples were collected and processed for 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota. We observed that the abundances of Colidextribacter, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Lachnoclostridium decreased, and the abundances of Alloprevotella and Enterorhabdus increased in the osteosarcoma mouse model group compared to those in the control group. In addition, genera, such as Lachnoclostridium and Faecalibacterium were more abundant in chemotherapy-treated mice than those in saline-treated mice. Additionally, we observed that alterations in some genera, including Lachnoclostridium and Colidextribacter in the osteosarcoma animal model group returned to normal after CDDP or DOX treatment. Furthermore, the function of the gut microbiota was inferred through PICRUSt2 (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States), which indicated that metabolism-related microbiota was highly enriched and significantly different in each group. These results indicate correlations between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and osteosarcoma growth and chemotherapy treatment with CDDP or DOX and may provide novel avenues for the development of potential adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tian
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Qiao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, JinZhong Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third People’s Hospital of Datong City, Datong, Shanxi 037006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qiujing Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Wei
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Song Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Chaojian Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ruhao Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Jiang X, Yang Y, Yang L, Lu B, Ji Y, Guo L, Zhang F, Xue J, Zhi X. Peptidome analysis reveals critical roles for peptides in a rat model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:12852-12872. [PMID: 37955663 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IIRI) has the potential to be life threatening and is associated with significant morbidity and serious damage to distant sites in the body on account of disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier. In the present study, we have explored this line of research by comparing and identifying peptides that originated from the intestinal segments of IIRI model rats by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We also analyzed the basic characteristics, cleavage patterns, and functional domains of differentially expressed peptides (DEPs) between the IIRI model rats and control (sham-operated) rats and identified bioactive peptides that are potentially associated with ischemia reperfusion injury. We also performed bioinformatics analyses in order to identify the biological roles of the DEPs based on their precursor proteins. Enrichment analysis demonstrated the role of several DEPs in impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier caused by IIRI. Based on the results of comprehensive ingenuity pathway analysis, we identified the DEPs that were significantly correlated with IIRI. We identified a candidate precursor protein (Actg2) and seven of its peptides, and we found that Actg2-6 had a more significant difference in its expression, a longer half-life, and better lipophilicity, hydrophobicity, and stability than the other candidate Actg2 peptides examined. Furthermore, we observed that Actg2-6 might play critical roles in the protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier during IIRI. In summary, our study provides a better understanding of the peptidomics profile of IIRI, and the results indicate that Actg2-6 could be a useful target in the treatment of IIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Zhang
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Clinical Biobank and Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Clinical Biobank and Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yannan Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Leijun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianhua Xue
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Seymour-Jackson E, Laird BJ, Sayers J, Fallon M, Solheim TS, Skipworth R. Cannabinoids in the treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia: Where have we been, where are we going? Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100292. [PMID: 38197037 PMCID: PMC10772158 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cachexia-anorexia cancer syndrome remains an unmet clinical need with a dearth of treatment and no standard of care. Acting through the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoids are one potential cancer cachexia treatment. Herein, the potential mechanisms for cannabinoids for cancer cachexia are discussed as are previous and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry J.A. Laird
- St Columba's Hospice, Boswall Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith Sayers
- St Columba's Hospice, Boswall Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Clinical Surgery University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie Fallon
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tora S. Solheim
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Cancer Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard Skipworth
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Halle-Smith JM, Hall LA, Powell-Brett SF, Merali N, Frampton AE, Beggs AD, Moss P, Roberts KJ. Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency and the Gut Microbiome in Pancreatic Cancer: A Target for Future Diagnostic Tests and Therapies? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5140. [PMID: 37958314 PMCID: PMC10649877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is common amongst pancreatic cancer patients and is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is known to improve outcomes in pancreatic cancer, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this narrative literature review is to summarise the current evidence linking PEI with microbiome dysbiosis, assess how microbiome composition may be impacted by PERT treatment, and look towards possible future diagnostic and therapeutic targets in this area. Early evidence in the literature reveals that there are complex mechanisms by which pancreatic secretions modulate the gut microbiome, so when these are disturbed, as in PEI, gut microbiome dysbiosis occurs. PERT has been shown to return the gut microbiome towards normal, so called rebiosis, in animal studies. Gut microbiome dysbiosis has multiple downstream effects in pancreatic cancer such as modulation of the immune response and the response to chemotherapeutic agents. It therefore represents a possible future target for future therapies. In conclusion, it is likely that the gut microbiome of pancreatic cancer patients with PEI exhibits dysbiosis and that this may potentially be reversible with PERT. However, further human studies are required to determine if this is indeed the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Halle-Smith
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK (K.J.R.)
- Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
| | - Lewis A. Hall
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK (K.J.R.)
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah F. Powell-Brett
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK (K.J.R.)
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nabeel Merali
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK (A.E.F.); (P.M.)
- Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit (MATTU), Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK (A.E.F.); (P.M.)
- Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit (MATTU), Leggett Building, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Andrew D. Beggs
- Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK;
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK (A.E.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Keith J. Roberts
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK (K.J.R.)
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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9
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Liu L, Chen X, Zhang C, Deng J, Xiao H, Rao Y. Lactiplantibacillus biofilm and planktonic cells ameliorate ulcerative colitis in mice via immunoregulatory activity, gut metabolism and microbiota modulation. Food Funct 2023; 14:9181-9193. [PMID: 37772319 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02733c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Since ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global concern, Lactiplantibacillus is considered an effective, safe strategy for alleviating intestinal inflammation in UC patients. The most advanced fourth-generation probiotics involve beneficial bacteria enclosed in biofilms with multiple advantages. However, the difference between the effect of probiotic biofilm and planktonic cells on UC remains unclear. This study indicated that the biofilm cells of Lactiplantibacillus LR-1 were more successful in increasing the colon length, relieving intestinal inflammation, and repairing colon damage, regulating the host immunity than the planktonic cells. Furthermore, the LR-1 biofilm cells helped prevent a decline in the Eubacterium hallii and Salinimicrobium levels and increased Kocuria and Candidatus Bacilloplasma abundance. Untargeted metabolomics analysis results suggested that the LR-1 biofilm was more successful in promoting the intestinal metabolism recovery of the UC mice than the planktonic cells. Finally, the phenotype-microbiota-metabolism network was conducted to reveal the relationship between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Chengyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Jia Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.
| | - Yu Rao
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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10
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Takahashi S, Matsumoto K, Ohba K, Nakano Y, Miyazawa Y, Kawaguchi T. The Incidence and Management of Cancer-Related Anorexia During Treatment with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:1033-1046. [PMID: 37771675 PMCID: PMC10522463 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s417238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related anorexia is a common complication and frequently occurs in cancer patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs). Anorexia contributes to malnutrition, body weight loss, and cachexia in affected patients. Furthermore, patients who experience anorexia have worse outcomes than those who maintain their appetite, highlighting the importance of managing anorexia and related symptoms. However, as the causes of anorexia are both diverse and interconnected, there have been challenges in evaluating and implementing effective interventions. In this review, we described the contributing factors to cancer-related anorexia and reviewed recent literature for the frequency of anorexia symptoms in patients treated with VEGFR-TKIs. Additionally, we evaluated the evidence for current interventions and the potential benefits of multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches to care. The frequency of anorexia symptoms in patients who received VEGFR-TKIs ranged from 14%-58% for all-grade anorexia and 0%-6% for grade 3 or 4 anorexia. While many of the interventions for cancer-related anorexia have minimal benefit or adverse events, recent advances in our understanding of cancer-related anorexia suggest that multimodal therapy with multidisciplinary care is a promising avenue of investigation. Several studies currently underway are anticipated to further assess the effectiveness of multimodal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- The Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyazawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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11
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He X, Hao P, Wang Y, Wu C, Yin W, Shahid MA, Wu S, Nawaz S, Du W, Xu Y, Yu Y, Wu Y, Ye Y, Fan J, Mehmood K, Li K, Ju J. Swertia bimaculata moderated liver damage in mice by regulating intestine microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115223. [PMID: 37418941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Swertia bimaculata (SB) is a medicinal herb in China having an array of therapeutic and biological properties. This study aimed to explore the attenuating effect of SB on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepato-toxicity by regulation of gut microbiome in ICR mice. For this purpose, CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally in different mice groups (B, C, D and E) every 4th day for a period of 47 days. Additionally, C, D, and E groups received a daily dose (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg respectively) of Ether extract of SB via gavage for the whole study period. The results of serum biochemistry analysis, ELISA, H&E staining, and sequencing of the gut microbiome, indicated that SB significantly alleviates the CCl4-induced liver damage and hepatocyte degeneration. The serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly lower in SB treated groups compared to control while levels of glutathione peroxidase were raised. Also, the sequencing data indicate that supplementation with SB could restore the microbiome and its function in CCl4-induced variations in intestinal microbiome of mice by significantly downregulating the abundances of pathogenic intestinal bacteria species including Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium while upregulating the levels of beneficial bacteria like Christensenella in the gut. In conclusion, we revealed that SB depicts a beneficial effect against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in mice through the remission of hepatic inflammation and injury, through regulation of oxidative stress, and by restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei He
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ping Hao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Muhammad Akbar Shahid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Shengbo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 32000, Pakistan
| | - Weiming Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanling Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Jianming Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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12
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Yoon SL, Grundmann O. Relevance of Dietary Supplement Use in Gastrointestinal-Cancer-Associated Cachexia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3391. [PMID: 37571328 PMCID: PMC10421404 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome with unintentional weight loss, sarcopenia, and systemic inflammation. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients are more susceptible to cachexia development due to impaired nutrient absorption and digestion. Given the widespread availability and relatively low cost of dietary supplements, we examined the evidence and effects of fish oil (omega-3 fatty acids), melatonin, probiotics, and green tea for managing symptoms of GI cancer cachexia. A literature review of four specific supplements was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL without a date restriction. Of 4621 available literature references, 26 articles were eligible for review. Fish oil decreased C-reactive protein and maintained CD4+ cell count, while melatonin indicated inconsistent findings on managing cachexia, but was well-tolerated. Probiotics decreased serum pro-inflammatory biomarkers and increased the tolerability of chemotherapy by reducing side effects. Green tea preparations and extracts showed a decreased risk of developing various cancers and did not impact tumor growth, survival, or adverse effects. Among these four supplements, probiotics are most promising for further research in preventing systemic inflammation and maintaining adequate absorption of nutrients to prevent the progression of cancer cachexia. Supplements may benefit treatment outcomes in cancer cachexia without side effects while supporting nutritional and therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saunjoo L. Yoon
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Oliver Grundmann
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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13
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Ray A, Moore TF, Pandit R, Burke AD, Borsch DM. An Overview of Selected Bacterial Infections in Cancer, Their Virulence Factors, and Some Aspects of Infection Management. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:963. [PMID: 37508393 PMCID: PMC10376897 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In cancer development and its clinical course, bacteria can be involved in etiology and secondary infection. Regarding etiology, various epidemiological studies have revealed that Helicobacter pylori can directly impact gastric carcinogenesis. The Helicobacter pylori-associated virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A perhaps plays an important role through different mechanisms such as aberrant DNA methylation, activation of nuclear factor kappa B, and modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Many other bacteria, including Salmonella and Pseudomonas, can also affect Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although Helicobacter pylori is involved in both gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, its role in the latter disease is more complicated. Among other bacterial species, Chlamydia is linked with a diverse range of diseases including cancers of different sites. The cellular organizations of Chlamydia are highly complex. Interestingly, Escherichia coli is believed to be associated with colon cancer development. Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently isolated from secondary infections in cancer patients. In these patients, the common sites of infection are the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts. There is an alarming rise in infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria and the scarcity of suitable antimicrobial agents adversely influences prognosis. Therefore, effective implementation of antimicrobial stewardship strategies is important in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- College of Medical Science, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Thomas F Moore
- College of Medical Science, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel M Borsch
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, PA 15601, USA
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14
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Niño-Narvión J, Rojo-López MI, Martinez-Santos P, Rossell J, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Alonso N, Ramos-Molina B, Mauricio D, Julve J. NAD+ Precursors and Intestinal Inflammation: Therapeutic Insights Involving Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:2992. [PMID: 37447318 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical metabolite for living cells. NAD+ may act either as a cofactor for many cellular reactions as well as a coenzyme for different NAD+-consuming enzymes involved in the physiological homeostasis of different organs and systems. In mammals, NAD+ is synthesized from either tryptophan or other vitamin B3 intermediates that act as NAD+ precursors. Recent research suggests that NAD+ precursors play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier. Indeed, its deficiency has been associated with enhanced gut inflammation and leakage, and dysbiosis. Conversely, NAD+-increasing therapies may confer protection against intestinal inflammation in experimental conditions and human patients, with accumulating evidence indicating that such favorable effects could be, at least in part, mediated by concomitant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, the mechanisms by which NAD+-based treatments affect the microbiota are still poorly understood. In this context, we have focused specifically on the impact of NAD+ deficiency on intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis in animal and human models. We have further explored the relationship between NAD+ and improved host intestinal metabolism and immunity and the composition of microbiota in vivo. Overall, this comprehensive review aims to provide a new perspective on the effect of NAD+-increasing strategies on host intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Niño-Narvión
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Obesidad y Metabolismo, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia (UMU), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Joana Rossell
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia (UMU), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Grupo de Obesidad y Metabolismo, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic/Central University of Catalonia (UVIC/UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Gong J, Osipov A, Lorber J, Tighiouart M, Kwan AK, Muranaka H, Akinsola R, Billet S, Levi A, Abbas A, Davelaar J, Bhowmick N, Hendifar AE. Combination L-Glutamine with Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Treatment-Naïve Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: The Phase I GlutaPanc Study Protocol. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1392. [PMID: 37239063 PMCID: PMC10216251 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced pancreatic cancer is underscored by progressive therapeutic resistance and a dismal 5-year survival rate of 3%. Preclinical data demonstrated glutamine supplementation, not deprivation, elicited antitumor effects against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) alone and in combination with gemcitabine in a dose-dependent manner. The GlutaPanc phase I trial is a single-arm, open-label clinical trial investigating the safety of combination L-glutamine, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel in subjects (n = 16) with untreated, locally advanced unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Following a 7-day lead-in phase with L-glutamine, the dose-finding phase via Bayesian design begins with treatment cycles lasting 28 days until disease progression, intolerance, or withdrawal. The primary objective is to establish the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of combination L-glutamine, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel. Secondary objectives include safety of the combination across all dose levels and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity. Exploratory objectives include evaluating changes in plasma metabolites across multiple time points and changes in the stool microbiome pre and post L-glutamine supplementation. If this phase I clinical trial demonstrates the feasibility of L-glutamine in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, we would advance the development of this combination as a first-line systemic option in subjects with metastatic pancreatic cancer, a high-risk subgroup desperately in need of additional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Arsen Osipov
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jeremy Lorber
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mourad Tighiouart
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Albert K. Kwan
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hayato Muranaka
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rasaq Akinsola
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Sandrine Billet
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Abrahm Levi
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anser Abbas
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - John Davelaar
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Neil Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrew E. Hendifar
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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16
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Kim Y, Jung S, Park G, Shin H, Heo SC, Kim Y. β-Carotene suppresses cancer cachexia by regulating the adipose tissue metabolism and gut microbiota dysregulation. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109248. [PMID: 36503110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic disease affecting multiple organs and characterized by loss adipose and muscle tissues. Metabolic dysregulated of adipose tissue has a crucial role in cancer cachexia. β-Carotene (BC) is stored in adipose tissues and increases muscle mass and differentiation. However, its regulatory effects on adipose tissues in cancer cachexia have not been investigated yet. In this study, we found that BC supplementations could inhibit several cancer cachexia-related changes, including decreased carcass-tumor (carcass weight after tumor removal), adipose weights, and muscle weights in CT26-induced cancer cachexia mice. Moreover, BC supplementations suppressed cancer cachexia-induced lipolysis, fat browning, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and systemic inflammation. Altered diversity and composition of gut microbiota in cancer cachexia were restored by the BC supplementations. BC treatments could reverse the down-regulated adipogenesis and dysregulated mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in adipocytes and colon cancer organoid co-culture systems. Taken together, these results suggest that BC can be a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Jung
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakdong Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government (SNU-SMG) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Toh MR, Wong EYT, Wong SH, Ng AWT, Loo LH, Chow PKH, Ngeow JYY. Global Epidemiology and Genetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:766-782. [PMID: 36738977 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Classically, HCC develops in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to risk factors, especially in the presence of liver cirrhosis. Significant temporal and geographic variations exist for HCC and its etiologies. Over time, the burden of HCC has shifted from the low-moderate to the high sociodemographic index regions, reflecting the transition from viral to nonviral causes. Geographically, the hepatitis viruses predominate as the causes of HCC in Asia and Africa. Although there are genetic conditions that confer increased risk for HCC, these diagnoses are rarely recognized outside North America and Europe. In this review, we will evaluate the epidemiologic trends and risk factors of HCC, and discuss the genetics of HCC, including monogenic diseases, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, gut microbiome, and somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ren Toh
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alvin Wei Tian Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lit-Hsin Loo
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pierce Kah-Hoe Chow
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, National Cancer Center Singapore and Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Yuen Yie Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Are intratumoral microbiota involved in the progression of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas? Surgery 2023; 173:503-510. [PMID: 36404180 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiota have been reported to influence the development of various gastrointestinal neoplasms through the mechanism of sustained inflammation; however, few data are available regarding their influence on intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. The aim of this study was to assess the association between specific microbiota and the clinicopathologic characteristics of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. METHODS DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of 30 patients who underwent pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and polymerase chain reaction was used to create sequence libraries using the primer set for the V3 and V4 region of 16S recombinant DNA. Filtered sequence reads were then processed into operational taxonomic units with a 97% identity threshold and the relative abundance of bacteria compared between the 2 groups using operational taxonomic units. RESULTS There was a trend toward fewer Firmicutes and more Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in the relative abundance of main duct operational taxonomic units than in branch duct operational taxonomic units. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes (P < .01) and Fusobacteria (P = .04) were significantly higher in invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms than in noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. The relative abundance of the intestinal type was significantly lower in Firmicutes than the relative abundance of the nonintestinal type (P = .04). Notably, main duct operational taxonomic units with the intestinal subtype were affected by increased proportions of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, and Fusobacteria were abundant in the intestinal type of invasive main duct operational taxonomic units. CONCLUSION Intratumoral microbiota may be involved in the progression of operational taxonomic units.
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19
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Panebianco C, Villani A, Potenza A, Favaro E, Finocchiaro C, Perri F, Pazienza V. Targeting Gut Microbiota in Cancer Cachexia: Towards New Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031849. [PMID: 36768173 PMCID: PMC9916111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome whose hallmarks are weight loss due to the wasting of muscle tissue with or without the loss of adipose tissue, anorexia, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ metabolic alterations, which negatively impact patients' response to anticancer treatments, quality of life, and overall survival. Despite its clinical relevance, cancer cachexia often remains an underestimated complication due to the lack of rigorous diagnostic and therapeutic pathways. A number of studies have shown alterations in gut microbiota diversity and composition in association with cancer cachexia markers and symptoms, thus supporting a central role for dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Different tools of microbiota manipulation, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been investigated, demonstrating encouraging improvements in cachexia outcomes. Albeit pioneering, these studies pave the way for future research with the aim of exploring the role of gut microbiota in cancer cachexia more deeply and setting up effective microbiota-targeting interventions to be translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Panebianco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Annacandida Villani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Adele Potenza
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Enrica Favaro
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Concetta Finocchiaro
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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20
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Li X, Holtrop T, Jansen FAC, Olson B, Levasseur P, Zhu X, Poland M, Schalwijk W, Witkamp RF, Marks DL, van Norren K. Lipopolysaccharide-induced hypothalamic inflammation in cancer cachexia-anorexia is amplified by tumour-derived prostaglandin E2. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:3014-3027. [PMID: 36303458 PMCID: PMC9745464 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia-anorexia syndrome is a complex metabolic condition characterized by skeletal muscle wasting, reduced food intake and prominent involvement of systemic and central inflammation. Here, the gut barrier function was investigated in pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia mouse models by relating intestinal permeability to the degree of cachexia. We further investigated the involvement of the gut-brain axis and the crosstalk between tumour, gut and hypothalamus in vitro. METHODS Two distinct mouse models of pancreatic cancer cachexia (KPC and 4662) were used. Intestinal inflammation and permeability were assessed through fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and hypothalamic and systemic inflammation through mRNA expression and plasma cytokines, respectively. To simulate the tumour-gut-brain crosstalk, hypothalamic (HypoE-N46) cells were incubated with cachexia-inducing tumour secretomes and LPS. A synthetic mimic of C26 secretome was produced based on its secreted inflammatory mediators. Each component of the mimic was systematically omitted to narrow down the key mediator(s) with an amplifying inflammation. To substantiate its contribution, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor was used. RESULTS In vivo experiments showed FITC-dextran was enhanced in the KPC group (362.3 vs. sham 111.4 ng/mL, P < 0.001). LPS was increased to 140.9 ng/mL in the KPC group, compared with sham and 4662 groups (115.8 and 115.8 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression of Ccl2 was up-regulated in the KPC group (6.3 vs. sham 1, P < 0.0001, 4662 1.3, P < 0.001), which significantly correlated with LPS concentration (r = 0.4948, P = 0.0226). These data suggest that intestinal permeability is positively related to the cachexic degree. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was confirmed to be present in the plasma and PGE2 concentration (log10) in the KPC group was much higher than in 4662 group (1.85 and 0.56 ng/mL, P < 0.001), indicating a role for PGE2 in pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia. Parallel to in vivo findings, in vitro experiments revealed that the cachexia-inducing tumour secretomes (C26, LLC, KPC and 4662) amplified LPS-induced hypothalamic IL-6 secretion (419%, 321%, 294%, 160%). COX-2 inhibitor to the tumour cells reduced PGE2 content (from 105 to 102 pg/mL) in the secretomes and eliminated the amplified hypothalamic IL-6 production. Moreover, results could be reproduced by addition of PGE2 alone, indicating that the increased hypothalamic inflammation is directly related to the PGE2 from tumour. CONCLUSIONS PGE2 secreted by the tumour may play a role in amplifying the effects of bacteria-derived LPS on the inflammatory hypothalamic response. The cachexia-inducing potential of tumour mice models parallels the loss of intestinal barrier function. Tumour-derived PGE2 might play a key role in cancer-related cachexia-anorexia syndrome via tumour-gut-brain crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tosca Holtrop
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fleur A C Jansen
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brennan Olson
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pete Levasseur
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xinxia Zhu
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mieke Poland
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Winni Schalwijk
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renger F Witkamp
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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From Mouth to Muscle: Exploring the Potential Relationship between the Oral Microbiome and Cancer-Related Cachexia. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112291. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome associated with skeletal muscle and adipose tissue loss, as well as decreased appetite. It affects approximately half of all cancer patients and leads to a decrease in treatment efficacy, quality of life, and survival. The human microbiota has been implicated in the onset and propagation of cancer cachexia. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance of the microbial communities, may lead to chronic systemic inflammation and contribute to the clinical phenotype of cachexia. Though the relationship between the gut microbiome, inflammation, and cachexia has been previously studied, the oral microbiome remains largely unexplored. As the initial point of digestion, the oral microbiome plays an important role in regulating systemic health. Oral dysbiosis leads to the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an imbalance in natural flora, which in turn may contribute to muscle wasting associated with cachexia. Reinstating this equilibrium with the use of prebiotics and probiotics has the potential to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from cancer-related cachexia.
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22
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Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215262. [PMID: 36358681 PMCID: PMC9657920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a common complication of cancer and is associated with poor quality of life and a decrease in survival. Many patients with cancer cachexia suffer from inflammation associated with elevated cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Single-agent trials to treat cancer cachexia have not led to substantial benefit as the type of cytokine which is elevated has rarely been specified and targeted. Cachexia may also be multifactorial, involving inflammation, anorexia, catabolism, depression, and pain, and targeting the multiple causes will likely be necessary to achieve improvement in weight and appetite. A PUBMED search revealed over 3000 articles on cancer cachexia in the past ten years. We attempted to review any studies related to inflammation and cancer cachexia identified by Google Scholar and PUBMED and further search for articles listed in their references. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines do not provide any suggestion for managing cancer cachexia except a dietary consult. A more targeted approach to developing therapies for cancer cachexia might lead to more personalized and effective therapy.
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23
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Ferrara M, Samaden M, Ruggieri E, Vénéreau E. Cancer cachexia as a multiorgan failure: Reconstruction of the crime scene. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:960341. [PMID: 36158184 PMCID: PMC9493094 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.960341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a devastating syndrome associated with the end-stage of several diseases, including cancer, and characterized by body weight loss and severe muscle and adipose tissue wasting. Although different cancer types are affected to diverse extents by cachexia, about 80% of all cancer patients experience this comorbidity, which highly reduces quality of life and response to therapy, and worsens prognosis, accounting for more than 25% of all cancer deaths. Cachexia represents an urgent medical need because, despite several molecular mechanisms have been identified, no effective therapy is currently available for this devastating syndrome. Most studies focus on skeletal muscle, which is indeed the main affected and clinically relevant organ, but cancer cachexia is characterized by a multiorgan failure. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on the multiple tissues affected by cachexia and on the biomarkers with the attempt to define a chronological pathway, which might be useful for the early identification of patients who will undergo cachexia. Indeed, it is likely that the inefficiency of current therapies might be attributed, at least in part, to their administration in patients at the late stages of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ferrara
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Samaden
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ruggieri
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilie Vénéreau
- Tissue Regeneration and Homeostasis Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Emilie Vénéreau,
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24
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Anti-Tumor Effect of Parasitic Protozoans. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080395. [PMID: 36004920 PMCID: PMC9405343 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system may aberrantly silence when against “altered self”, which consequently may develop into malignancies. With the development of tumor immunology and molecular biology, the deepened understanding of the relationship between parasites and tumors shifts the attitude towards parasitic pathogens from elimination to utilization. In recent years, the antitumor impact implemented by protozoan parasites and the derived products has been confirmed. The immune system is activated and enhanced by some protozoan parasites, thereby inhibiting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in many animal models. In this work, we reviewed the available information on the antitumor effect of parasitic infection or induced by parasitic antigen, as well as the involved immune mechanisms that modulate cancer progression. Despite the fact that clinical trials of the protozoan parasites against tumors are limited and the specific mechanisms of the effect on tumors are not totally clear, the use of genetically modified protozoan parasites and derived molecules combined with chemotherapy could be an important element for promoting antitumor treatment in the future.
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25
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Jones AJ, Davis KP, Novinger LJ, Bonetto A, Mantravadi AV, Sim MW, Yesensky JA, Moore MG. Postoperative consequences of cancer cachexia after head and neck free flap reconstruction. Head Neck 2022; 44:1665-1677. [PMID: 35488469 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is detrimental for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). However, postoperative consequences of HNC cachexia remain unknown. METHODS A 2014-2019 retrospective review was performed of adults undergoing aerodigestive HNC resection with free tissue reconstruction. Propensity score matching using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) of cachectic and control groups was employed to adjust for covariate imbalances followed by binary logistic regression on postoperative outcomes. RESULTS Out of 252 total patients, 135 (53.6%) had cancer cachexia. The cohort was predominantly white (94.4%) males (65.1%) aged 61.5 ± 11.5 years with stage III-IV (84.1%) malignancy of the oral cavity (66.3%). After matching cohort pre- and intra-operative covariates using IPTW, cancer cachexia remained a strong, significant predictor of serious National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) complications (OR [95%CI] = 3.84 [1.80-8.21]) and major Clavien-Dindo complications (OR [95%CI] = 3.00 [1.18-7.60]). CONCLUSIONS Cancer cachexia is associated with worse HNC free flap reconstruction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Joseph Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kyle Patrick Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Leah J Novinger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Avinash V Mantravadi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael W Sim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jessica A Yesensky
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael G Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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26
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Chen D, Bai R, Yong H, Zong S, Jin C, Liu J. Improving the digestive stability and prebiotic effect of carboxymethyl chitosan by grafting with gallic acid: In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:685-696. [PMID: 35779653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is a useful polysaccharide with potential applications in food, cosmetic and biomedical industries. Nonetheless, CMCS is unfavorable for maintaining intestinal flora balance. In this study, gallic acid (GA) was grafted with CMCS through ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide initiated graft copolymerization reaction, producing GA grafted CMCS (GA-g-CMCS). The digestive and fermentative behavior of CMCS and GA-g-CMCS were investigated by using in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation models. Results showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of CMCS gradually decreased during saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion, changing from original sheet-like morphology to porous and rod-like fragments. However, the Mw and morphology of GA-g-CMCS were almost unchanged under saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion. Meanwhile, the grafted GA moiety was not released from GA-g-CMCS during saliva-gastro-intestinal digestion. As compared with CMCS fermentation, GA-g-CMCS fermentation significantly suppressed the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Paeniclostridium, Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, UBA1819 and Butyricimonas, while facilitated the relative abundance of Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium and Lachnospira. In addition, GA-g-CMCS fermentation significantly enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids. These findings suggested that the digestive stability and prebiotic effect of CMCS were improved by grafting with GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruyu Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Yong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Milenkovic D, Capel F, Combaret L, Comte B, Dardevet D, Evrard B, Guillet C, Monfoulet LE, Pinel A, Polakof S, Pujos-Guillot E, Rémond D, Wittrant Y, Savary-Auzeloux I. Targeting the gut to prevent and counteract metabolic disorders and pathologies during aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11185-11210. [PMID: 35730212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2089870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of gut function is one of the explanatory mechanisms of health status decline in elderly population. These impairments involve a decline in gut digestive physiology, metabolism and immune status, and associated to that, changes in composition and function of the microbiota it harbors. Continuous deteriorations are generally associated with the development of systemic dysregulations and ultimately pathologies that can worsen the initial health status of individuals. All these alterations observed at the gut level can then constitute a wide range of potential targets for development of nutritional strategies that can impact gut tissue or associated microbiota pattern. This can be key, in a preventive manner, to limit gut functionality decline, or in a curative way to help maintaining optimum nutrients bioavailability in a context on increased requirements, as frequently observed in pathological situations. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the alterations that can occur in the gut during aging and lead to the development of altered function in other tissues and organs, ultimately leading to the development of pathologies. Subsequently is discussed how nutritional strategies that target gut tissue and gut microbiota can help to avoid or delay the occurrence of aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Herremans KM, Riner AN, Cameron ME, McKinley KL, Triplett EW, Hughes SJ, Trevino JG. The oral microbiome, pancreatic cancer and human diversity in the age of precision medicine. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:93. [PMID: 35701831 PMCID: PMC9199224 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with limited diagnostic and treatment options. Not all populations are affected equally, as disparities exist in pancreatic cancer prevalence, treatment and outcomes. Recently, next-generation sequencing has facilitated a more comprehensive analysis of the human oral microbiome creating opportunity for its application in precision medicine. Oral microbial shifts occur in patients with pancreatic cancer, which may be appreciated years prior to their diagnosis. In addition, pathogenic bacteria common in the oral cavity have been found within pancreatic tumors. Despite these findings, much remains unknown about how or why the oral microbiome differs in patients with pancreatic cancer. As individuals develop, their oral microbiome reflects both their genotype and environmental influences. Genetics, race/ethnicity, smoking, socioeconomics and age affect the composition of the oral microbiota, which may ultimately play a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the oral dysbiosis found in patients with pancreatic cancer though they have yet to be confirmed. With a better understanding of the interplay between the oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer, improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches may be implemented to reduce healthcare disparities. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Herremans
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Andrea N. Riner
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Miles E. Cameron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Kelley L. McKinley
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700 USA
| | - Eric W. Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700 USA
| | - Steven J. Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100286, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E Broad St, Richmond, VA 23298-0645 USA
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29
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Wu X, Dai Y, Nie K. Research Progress of Liujunzi Decoction in the Treatment of Tumor-Associated Anorexia. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1731-1741. [PMID: 35698654 PMCID: PMC9188393 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s365292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xipei Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhao Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Nie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ke Nie, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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30
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Cai S, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Cheng B, Zhang A, Sun J, Li M, Su Y, Bao Q, Zhang Y, Ma S, Zhu P, Wang S. Association of the Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index With Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:894686. [PMID: 35694172 PMCID: PMC9174751 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.894686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and the risk of all-cause mortality in one urban community-dwelling population in China. Methods This is a prospective cohort study with a sample of 1,863 older adults aged 60 years or over in Beijing who completed baseline examinations in 2009-2010 and a 10-year follow-up in 2020. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of weight (kg). Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the significance of the association of WWI with all-cause mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the ability of each obesity index to predict mortality. Results During a median follow-up of 10.8 years (1.0 to 11.3 years), 339 deaths occurred. After adjusted for covariates, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality progressively increased across the tertile of WWI. Compared with the lowest WWI category (tertile1 <10.68 cm/√kg), with WWI 10.68 to 11.24cm/√kg, and≥11.25 cm/√kg, the HRs (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for all-cause mortality were 1.58 (1.12-2.22), and 2.66 (1.80-3.92), respectively. In stratified analyses, the relationship between WWI and the risk of all-cause mortality persisted. The area under ROC for WWI was higher for all-cause mortality than BMI, WHtR, and WC. Conclusion WWI was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality, and the association was more robust with the highest WWI category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLAl, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bokai Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLAl, Beijing, China
| | - Anhang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLAl, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLAl, Beijing, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLAl, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkang Su
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLAl, Beijing, China
| | - Qiligeer Bao
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLAl, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Outpatient, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shouyuan Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLAl, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLAl, Beijing, China
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Barandouzi ZA, Rowcliffe C, Schrogin J, Meador R, Bruner DW. Exploring the links among inflammation and gut microbiome with psychoneurological symptoms and gastrointestinal toxicities in gynecologic cancers: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:6497-6513. [PMID: 35396962 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging evidence highlights the roles the gut microbiome and the immune system, integral parts of the gut-brain axis, play in developing various symptoms in cancer patients. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the roles of inflammatory markers and the gut microbiome, as well as to describe their associations with psychoneurological symptoms and gastrointestinal toxicities in women with gynecologic cancers. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from January 2000 to February 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were utilized to screen the found articles. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Method Assessment Tool. In the included studies, various inflammatory markers and gut microbiome diversity and patterns were measured. RESULTS Sixteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. While there were discrepancies in the associations between various inflammatory markers and symptoms, most of the studies showed positive correlations between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cancer-related psychoneurological symptoms and gastrointestinal toxicities in gynecologic cancer patients. Although there was no consensus in alpha diversity, studies showed significant dissimilarity in the microbial communities (beta diversity) in patients with gastrointestinal toxicities compared with patients without symptoms or healthy controls. Studies also reported inconsistent findings in the abundance of bacteria at different taxonomic levels. Radiation enteritis-derived microbiota could stimulate TNF-α and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) secretion. CONCLUSIONS Alteration of inflammatory markers, the gut microbiome, and their associations show emerging evidence in the development of psychoneurological symptoms and gastrointestinal toxicities in women with gynecologic cancers. More studies on the interactions between the immune system and the gut microbiome, two integral parts of the gut-brain axis, are required to shed light on the roles they play in symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Rowcliffe
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Julia Schrogin
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rebecca Meador
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Deborah Watkins Bruner
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Reis SK, Socca EAR, de Souza BR, Genaro SC, Durán N, Fávaro WJ. Effects of combined OncoTherad immunotherapy and probiotic supplementation on modulating the chronic inflammatory process in colorectal carcinogenesis. Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101747. [PMID: 35149440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of combined OncoTherad immunotherapy and probiotic supplementation on colorectal carcinogenesis chemically induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in mice. The animals were randomly allocated in five groups: Control, DMH: did not receive any treatment; DMH + OncoTherad: received weekly I.P. (intraperitoneal) dose of OncoTherad; DMH + Probiotic: received daily administrations via gavage of the functional food (Lactobacillus: acidophilus and paracasei, Bifidobacterium: lactis and bifidum) and DMH + Probiotic + OncoTherad: received the same treatment than the previous groups. After ten weeks of treatment, the large intestine was collected for immunohistochemical analysis of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, IL-6, TLR2, TRIF, IRF-3, IFN-γ, Ki-67, KRAS, IL-10, and TGF-β. For the statistical analysis, the variance tests (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis were used and significance set at p < 0.05. Probiotic supplementation associated with the OncoTherad were able to modulate weight loss, stimulate the canonical signaling pathway TLR2/TLR4 (MyD88-dependent), reduce the non-canonical signaling pathway (TRIF-dependent), attenuate the proliferative pathway mediated by Ki-67 and KRAS oncogene, and stimulate the production of IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. Thus, the association of OncoTherad and probiotic supplementation has shown important immudomulatory effects and could be considered a potential new therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer after further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Karen Reis
- Faculty Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center for Immunotherapy and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Augusto Rabelo Socca
- Center for Immunotherapy and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Ribeiro de Souza
- Center for Immunotherapy and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Nelson Durán
- Center for Immunotherapy and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Faculty Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Center for Immunotherapy and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Understanding the molecular basis of anorexia and tissue wasting in cancer cachexia. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:426-432. [PMID: 35388147 PMCID: PMC9076846 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients in the advanced stage. It is a devastating disorder characterized by nutritional impairment, weakness, and wasting, and it affects treatment success and quality of life. Two major symptoms of cancer cachexia are anorexia and weight loss. Weight loss in cachexia is not reversed through increased food intake, suggesting that anorexia and weight loss in cancer patients are regulated by independent molecular mechanisms. Although the wasting phenotype mostly occurs in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, other organs, such as the brain, liver, pancreas, heart, and gut, are also involved in cachexia. Thus, cachexia is a multiorgan syndrome. Although the molecular basis of cancer cachexia-induced weight loss is known, the mechanism underlying anorexia is poorly understood. Here, we highlight our recent discovery of a new anorexia mechanism by which a tumor-derived humoral factor induces cancer anorexia by regulating feeding-related neuropeptide hormones in the brain. Furthermore, we elucidated the process through which anorexia precedes tissue wasting in cachexia. This review article aims to provide an overview of the key molecular mechanisms of anorexia and tissue wasting caused by cancer cachexia. Tumors can release factors that cause anorexia and weight loss in cancer patients, negatively impacting quality of life and treatment success. Patients with this condition, known as cachexia, can lose their appetite and be unable to gain weight even if they eat more. Although cancer cachexia directly causes the death of up to 20% of cancer patients, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Eunbyul Yeom and Kweon Yu at The Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejon, South Korea have reviewed the causes of cancer cachexia, highlighting their recent discovery that tumors produce a signaling molecule that induces anorexia by disrupting hunger signaling in the brain. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia may help in development of treatments.
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Pagani IS, Poudel G, Wardill HR. A Gut Instinct on Leukaemia: A New Mechanistic Hypothesis for Microbiota-Immune Crosstalk in Disease Progression and Relapse. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040713. [PMID: 35456764 PMCID: PMC9029211 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of Chronic Myeloid and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (CML and ALL, respectively), disease progression and relapse remain a major problem. Growing evidence indicates the loss of immune surveillance of residual leukaemic cells as one of the main contributors to disease recurrence and relapse. More recently, there was an appreciation for how the host’s gut microbiota predisposes to relapse given its potent immunomodulatory capacity. This is especially compelling in haematological malignancies where changes in the gut microbiota have been identified after treatment, persisting in some patients for years after the completion of treatment. In this hypothesis-generating review, we discuss the interaction between the gut microbiota and treatment responses, and its capacity to influence the risk of relapse in both CML and ALL We hypothesize that the gut microbiota contributes to the creation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which promotes tumour progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria S. Pagani
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (G.P.); (H.R.W.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Govinda Poudel
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (G.P.); (H.R.W.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (G.P.); (H.R.W.)
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Review of Mechanisms and Treatment of Cancer-Induced Cardiac Cachexia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061040. [PMID: 35326491 PMCID: PMC8947347 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial, paraneoplastic syndrome that impacts roughly half of all cancer patients. It can negatively impact patient quality of life and prognosis by causing physical impairment, reducing chemotherapy tolerance, and precluding them as surgical candidates. While there is substantial research on cancer-induced skeletal muscle cachexia, there are comparatively fewer studies and therapies regarding cardiac cachexia in the setting of malignancy. A literature review was performed using the PubMed database to identify original articles pertaining to cancer-induced cardiac cachexia, including its mechanisms and potential therapeutic modalities. Seventy studies were identified by two independent reviewers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. While there are multiple studies addressing the pathophysiology of cardiac-induced cancer cachexia, there are no studies evaluating therapeutic options in the clinical setting. Many treatment modalities including nutrition, heart failure medication, cancer drugs, exercise, and gene therapy have been explored in in vitro and mice models with varying degrees of success. While these may be beneficial in cancer patients, further prospective studies specifically focusing on the assessment and treatment of the cardiac component of cachexia are needed.
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Bhat SA, Kaur R, Chauhan A, Pal A. The microbiome and precision oncology: an emerging paradigm in anticancer therapy. Crit Rev Microbiol 2022; 48:770-783. [PMID: 35164642 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2035313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the host-microbiome interactions has emerged as an essential factor in improving human health and disease. Recent advances in understanding the intimate relationship of microbes with the host have uncovered various previously unknown underlying causes of disease development, progression, and treatment failure. The dynamic behaviour of the microbiome confers the heterogeneity in treatment response by modulating the immune response and inflammation in various diseases, including cancer. The growing insights into the microbial modulation of cancer through immunoregulation, xenometabolism, and increase in toxicity open a new era of personalised medicine. In the current review, we discuss the essential roles played by the microbiome in modulating the efficacy and toxicity of anticancer therapies (immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy). We also outline the current state of personalised medicine in the context of cancer and microbiome modulation. The knowledge about the role of cancer-microbiome communication will lead to designing other precise microbial modulation strategies for cancer treatment through enhanced efficacy and decreased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajandeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshika Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, PostGraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Curcumin Targeting NF-κB/Ubiquitin-Proteasome-System Axis Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cachexia Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2567150. [PMID: 35132306 PMCID: PMC8817892 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2567150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin is a polyphenol plant-derived compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant stress, and anticancer properties that make it have the potential to treat cancer cachexia. However, the role of it in breast cancer cachexia remains unclear. Methods The 4T1 cells were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice to induce breast cancer cachexia. After tumor formation, the animals were divided into groups and given curcumin or saline interventions. The therapeutic effect of curcumin on breast cancer cachexia was characterized by tumor growth, changes in body mass and gastrocnemius mass, muscle function test, histopathology, and serum nutrition indexes. Mitochondrial function in muscle tissue was observed by transmission electron microscopy and ATP detection, muscle inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA, muscle differential metabolites were detected by 1HNMR metabolomics, and the muscle tissue ubiquitination levels and NF-KB expression were also analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results Dynamic in vivo bioluminescence imaging find that curcumin inhibited the growth of tumor in triple-negative breast cancer- (TNBC-) bearing mice, slowed down the loss of body weight and gastrocnemius weight, corrected the mitochondrial dysfunction and malnutrition status, and also significantly improved skeletal muscle function. ELISA analysis found that the level of inflammatory factors in muscle tissue was reduced. 1HNMR metabolomics analysis suggested that curcumin could regulate energy metabolism pathways. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis found that the expression of myogenic factor myogenin was increased and the expression of myodegradation factor myostatin was decreased in the gastrocnemius; the level of ubiquitination and activation of the NF-κB pathway were also declined. Conclusions Curcumin reduces ubiquitination, inflammation in skeletal muscle by regulating the NF-KB/UPS axis and improves muscle malignant metabolic phenotype and mitochondrial dysfunction, to alleviate muscle atrophy and loss of function in mice with breast cancer cachexia.
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Exercise. Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Boscaini S, Leigh SJ, Lavelle A, García-Cabrerizo R, Lipuma T, Clarke G, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within? Mol Metab 2021; 57:101427. [PMID: 34973469 PMCID: PMC8829807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite several decades of research, managing body weight remains an unsolved clinical problem. Health problems associated with dysregulated body weight, such as obesity and cachexia, exhibit several gut microbiota alterations. There is an increased interest in utilising the gut microbiota for body weight control, as it responds to intervention and plays an important role in energy extraction from food, as well as biotransformation of nutrients. Scope of the review This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in the physiological and metabolic alterations observed in two body weight dysregulation-related disorders, namely obesity and cachexia. Second, we assess the available evidence for different strategies, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, bariatric surgery, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, high-fibre diet, and fermented foods – effects on body weight and gut microbiota composition. This approach was used to give insights into the possible link between body weight control and gut microbiota configuration. Major conclusions Despite extensive associations between body weight and gut microbiota composition, limited success could be achieved in the translation of microbiota-related interventions for body weight control in humans. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight and future research is needed with a combination of strategies to enhance the effects of lifestyle interventions. The gut microbiota is involved in the control of nutrient availability, appetite, and body weight. Both obesity and cachexia are associated with altered gut microbiota. Specific dietary and surgical approaches positively impact body weight and gut microbiota. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boscaini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Timothy Lipuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Schepis T, De Lucia SS, Nista EC, Manilla V, Pignataro G, Ojetti V, Piccioni A, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F, Candelli M. Microbiota in Pancreatic Diseases: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245920. [PMID: 34945216 PMCID: PMC8704740 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a critical element in the balance between human health and disease. Its impairment, defined as dysbiosis, is associated with gastroenterological and systemic diseases. Pancreatic secretions are involved in the composition and changes of the gut microbiota, and the gut microbiota may colonize the pancreatic parenchyma and be associated with the occurrence of diseases. The gut microbiota and the pancreas influence each other, resulting in a "gut microbiota-pancreas axis". Moreover, the gut microbiota may be involved in pancreatic diseases, both through direct bacterial colonization and an indirect effect of small molecules and toxins derived from dysbiosis. Pancreatic diseases such as acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer are common gastroenterological diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. The involvement of the microbiota in pancreatic diseases is increasingly recognized. Therefore, modifying the intestinal bacterial flora could have important therapeutic implications on these pathologies. The aim of this study is to review the literature to evaluate the alterations of the gut microbiota in pancreatic diseases, and the role of the microbiota in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schepis
- Medical and Surgical Science Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (T.S.); (S.S.D.L.); (E.C.N.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Sara S. De Lucia
- Medical and Surgical Science Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (T.S.); (S.S.D.L.); (E.C.N.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Enrico C. Nista
- Medical and Surgical Science Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (T.S.); (S.S.D.L.); (E.C.N.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Vittoria Manilla
- Medical and Surgical Science Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (T.S.); (S.S.D.L.); (E.C.N.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giulia Pignataro
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.O.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.O.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.O.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Medical and Surgical Science Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (T.S.); (S.S.D.L.); (E.C.N.); (V.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.O.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Emergency Medicine Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli—IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Roma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.O.); (A.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-063-0153-188
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Jiang L, Yang M, He S, Li Z, Li H, Niu T, Xie D, Mei Y, He X, Wei L, Huang P, Huang M, Zhang R, Wang L, Li J. MMP12 knockout prevents weight and muscle loss in tumor-bearing mice. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1297. [PMID: 34863141 PMCID: PMC8642861 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a malignant gastrointestinal cancer, in which some advanced patients would develop cancer cachexia (CAC). CAC is defined as a multi-factorial syndrome characterized by weight loss and muscle loss (with or without fat mass), leading to progressive dysfunction, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. ApcMin/+ mice develop spontaneous intestinal adenoma, which provides an established model of colorectal cancer for CAC study. Upon studying the ApcMin/+ mouse model, we observed a marked decrease in weight gain beginning around week 15. Such a reduction in weight gain was rescued when ApcMin/+ mice were crossed with MMP12-/- mice, indicating that MMP12 has a role in age-related ApcMin/+-associated weight loss. As a control, the weight of MMP12-/- mice on a weekly basis, their weight were not significantly different from those of WT mice. METHODS ApcMin/+; MMP12-/- mice were obtained by crossing ApcMin/+ mice with MMP12 knockout (MMP12 -/-) mice. Histological scores were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. MMP12 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA, protein microarrays and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) were used to investigate whether tumor could up-regulate IL-6. Cell-based assays and western blot were used to verify the regulatory relationship between IL-6 and MMP12. Fluorescence intensity was measured to determine whether MMP12 is associated with insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in vitro. MMP12 inhibitors were used to explore whether MMP12 could affect the body weight of ApcMin/+ mice. RESULTS MMP12 knockout led to weight gain and expansion of muscle fiber cross-sectional area (all mice had C57BL/6 background) in ApcMin/+ mice, while inhibiting MMP12 could suppress weight loss in ApcMin/+ mice. MMP12 was up-regulated in muscle tissues and peritoneal macrophages of ApcMin/+ mice. IL-6 in tumor cells and colorectal cancer patients is up-regulation. IL-6 stimulated MMP12 secretion of macrophage. CONCLUSIONS MMP12 is essential for controlling body weight of Apc Min/+ mice. Our study shows that it exists the crosstalk between cancer cells and macrophages in muscle tissues that tumor cells secrete IL-6 inducing macrophages to up-regulate MMP12. This study may provide a new perspective of MMP12 in the treatment for weight loss induced by CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbi Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shihui He
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haobin Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dehuan Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan Mei
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lili Wei
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Pinzhu Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mingzhe Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Bian Y, Chen X, Cao H, Xie D, Zhu M, Yuan N, Lu L, Lu B, Wu C, Bahaji Azami NL, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Li K, Ye G, Sun M. A correlational study of Weifuchun and its clinical effect on intestinal flora in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. Chin Med 2021; 16:120. [PMID: 34801051 PMCID: PMC8605594 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weifuchun (WFC), a Chinese herbal prescription consisting of Red Ginseng, Isodon amethystoides and Fructus Aurantii, is commonly used in China to treat a variety of chronic stomach disorders. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) patients. Methods PLGC patients of H. pylori negative were randomly divided into two groups and received either WFC tablets for a dose of 1.44 g three times a day or vitacoenzyme (Vit) tablets for a dose of 0.8 g three times a day. All patients were treated for 6 months consecutively. Gastroscopy and histopathology were used to assess the histopathological changes in gastric tissues before and after treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out to assess the effects WFC on intestinal microbiota changes in PLGC patients. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of different intestinal microbiota in distinguishing between PLGC patients and healthy control group. Results Gastroscopy and histopathological results indicated that WFC could improve the pathological condition of PLGC patients, especially in the case of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that WFC could regulate microbial diversity, microbial composition, and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of PLGC patients. Following WFC treatment, the relative abundance of Parabacteroides decreased in WFC group when compared with the Vit group. ROC analysis found that the Parabacteroides could effectively distinguish PLGC patients from healthy individuals with sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.8. Conclusions WFC could slow down the progression of PLGC by regulating intestinal microbiota abundance. Trial registration NCT03814629. Name of registry: Randomized Clinical Trial: Weifuchun Treatment on Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer. Registered 3 August 2018-Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/ NCT03814629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Infectious Disease and Gastroenterology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Department of Infectious Disease and Gastroenterology, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Meiping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nisma Lena Bahaji Azami
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 4, No. 898, Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yeqing Zhang
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 4, No. 898, Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kun Li
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 4, No. 898, Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guan Ye
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Building 4, No. 898, Halei Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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de Maria YNLF, Aciole Barbosa D, Menegidio FB, Santos KBNH, Humberto AC, Alencar VC, Silva JFS, Costa de Oliveira R, Batista ML, Nunes LR, Jabes DL. Analysis of mouse faecal dysbiosis, during the development of cachexia, induced by transplantation with Lewis lung carcinoma cells. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2021; 167. [PMID: 34596506 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia (CC) is a complex wasting syndrome that significantly affects life quality and life expectancy among cancer patients. Original studies, in which CC was induced in mouse models through inoculation with BaF and C26 tumour cells, demonstrated that CC development correlates with bacterial gut dysbiosis in these animals. In both cases, a common microbial signature was observed, based on the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae in the gut of CC animals. However, these two types of tumours induce unique microbial profiles, suggesting that different CC induction mechanisms significantly impact the outcome of gut dysbiosis. The present study sought to expand the scope of such analyses by characterizing the CC-associated dysbiosis that develops when mice are inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, which constitutes one of the most widely employed mechanisms for CC induction. Interestingly, Enterobacteriaceae expansion is also observed in LLC-induced CC. However, the dysbiosis identified herein displays a more complex pattern, involving representatives from seven different bacterial phyla, which were consistently identified across successive levels of taxonomic hierarchy. These results are supported by a predictive analysis of gene content, which identified a series of functional/structural changes that potentially occur in the gut bacterial population of these animals, providing a complementary and alternative approach to microbiome analyses based solely on taxonomic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara N L F de Maria
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Brazil
| | - David Aciole Barbosa
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Brazil
| | - Fabiano B Menegidio
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Brazil
| | | | | | - Valquíria C Alencar
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | - Juliana F S Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | | | - Miguel L Batista
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Luiz R Nunes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | - Daniela L Jabes
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Brazil
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation to Prevent and Treat Chronic Disease: Implications for Dietetics Practice. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:33-37. [PMID: 34487914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xu Y, Wang Y, Li H, Dai Y, Chen D, Wang M, Jiang X, Huang Z, Yu H, Huang J, Xiong Z. Altered Fecal Microbiota Composition in Older Adults With Frailty. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:696186. [PMID: 34485176 PMCID: PMC8415883 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.696186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome that is diagnosed and staged based mainly on symptoms. We aimed to evaluate frailty-related alterations of the intestinal permeability and profile fecal microbiota of healthy and frail older adults to identify microbial biomarkers of this syndrome. Methods We collected serum and fecal samples from 94 community-dwelling older adults, along with anthropometric, medical, mental health, and lifestyle data. Serum inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and HGMB1 and the intestinal permeability biomarker zonulin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing method was performed to determine the fecal composition of fecal microbiota. We analyzed the diversity and composition differences of the gut microbiota in the two groups and assessed the relationship between the changes in microbiota structure and clinical biomarkers. Results Older adults with frailty showed higher concentrations of IL-6, HGMB1, and zonulin. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the diversity index and evenness indices or species richness of fecal microbiota between the two groups, we found significant microbiota structure differences. Compared with the control group, fecal samples from the frail group had higher levels of Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, and Klebsiella and lower levels of the commensal genera Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Roseburia, Megamonas, and Blautia. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the intergenus interactions were more common in healthy controls than older adults with frailty. Escherichia/Shigella, Pyramidobacter, Alistipes, and Akkermansia were positively correlated with IL-6, while Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Roseburia were negatively correlated with IL-6. Alistipes were found to be positively correlated with HGMB1. Akkermansia and Alistipes were linked to the increased serum level of inflammatory factors and intestinal permeability. Conclusions Frailty is associated with differences in the composition of fecal microbiota. These findings might aid in the development of probiotics or microbial-based therapies for frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuShuang Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - YiHua Wang
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - HeWei Li
- Yangchunhu Community Hospital, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Liyuan Community Health Service Center of HongShan District, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - MengMeng Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - ZaoZao Huang
- Yangchunhu Community Hospital, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - HongLu Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - JuanJuan Huang
- Yangchunhu Community Hospital, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - ZhiFan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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de Clercq NC, van den Ende T, Prodan A, Hemke R, Davids M, Pedersen HK, Nielsen HB, Groen AK, de Vos WM, van Laarhoven HWM, Nieuwdorp M. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Overweight or Obese Donors in Cachectic Patients with Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3784-3792. [PMID: 33883174 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome, associated with poor survival in patients with cancer, and is influenced by the gut microbiota. We investigated the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on cachexia and treatment response in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in the Amsterdam University Medical Center, we assigned 24 cachectic patients with metastatic HER2-negative gastroesophageal cancer to either allogenic FMT (healthy obese donor) or autologous FMT, prior to palliative chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin). Primary objective was to assess the effect of allogenic FMT on satiety. Secondary outcomes were other features of cachexia, along with disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. Finally, exploratory analyses were performed on the effect of FMT on gut microbiota composition (metagenomic sequencing) and metabolites (untargeted metabolomics). RESULTS Allogenic FMT did not improve any of the cachexia outcomes. Patients in the allogenic group (n = 12) had a higher DCR at 12 weeks (P = 0.035) compared with the autologous group (n = 12), longer median OS of 365 versus 227 days [HR = 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-1.05; P = 0.057] and PFS of 204 versus 93 days (HR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.21-1.20; P = 0.092). Patients in the allogenic group showed a significant shift in fecal microbiota composition after FMT (P = 0.010) indicating proper engraftment of the donor microbiota. CONCLUSIONS FMT from a healthy obese donor prior to first-line chemotherapy did not affect cachexia, but may have improved response and survival in patients with metastatic gastroesophageal cancer. These results provide a rational for larger FMT trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolien C de Clercq
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tom van den Ende
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Hemke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - A K Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Targeting the Activin Receptor Signaling to Counteract the Multi-Systemic Complications of Cancer and Its Treatments. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030516. [PMID: 33671024 PMCID: PMC7997313 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting, i.e., cachexia, frequently occurs in cancer and associates with poor prognosis and increased morbidity and mortality. Anticancer treatments have also been shown to contribute to sustainment or exacerbation of cachexia, thus affecting quality of life and overall survival in cancer patients. Pre-clinical studies have shown that blocking activin receptor type 2 (ACVR2) or its ligands and their downstream signaling can preserve muscle mass in rodents bearing experimental cancers, as well as in chemotherapy-treated animals. In tumor-bearing mice, the prevention of skeletal and respiratory muscle wasting was also associated with improved survival. However, the definitive proof that improved survival directly results from muscle preservation following blockade of ACVR2 signaling is still lacking, especially considering that concurrent beneficial effects in organs other than skeletal muscle have also been described in the presence of cancer or following chemotherapy treatments paired with counteraction of ACVR2 signaling. Hence, here, we aim to provide an up-to-date literature review on the multifaceted anti-cachectic effects of ACVR2 blockade in preclinical models of cancer, as well as in combination with anticancer treatments.
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Gut Microbiota and Depressive Symptoms at the End of CRT for Rectal Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2021; 2021:7967552. [PMID: 35003805 PMCID: PMC8731300 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7967552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of alterations in gut microbiota composition (termed dysbiosis) has been implicated in the pathobiology of depressive symptoms; however, evidence remains limited. This cross-sectional pilot study is aimed at exploring whether depressive symptom scores changed during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy to treat rectal cancer, and if gut microbial taxa abundances and predicted functional pathways correlate with depressive symptoms at the end of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. METHODS 40 newly diagnosed rectal cancer patients (ages 28-81; 23 males) were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and provided stool samples for 16S rRNA sequencing. Gut microbiome data were analyzed using QIIME2, and correlations and regression analyses were performed in R. RESULTS Participants had significantly higher depressive symptoms at the end as compared to before CRT. The relative abundances of Gemella, Bacillales Family XI, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Weissella, and Leuconostocaceae were positively correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.42 to 0.32), while Coprobacter, Intestinibacter, Intestimonas, Lachnospiraceae, Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminiclostridium, Ruminococcaceae (UCG-005 and uncultured), Tyzzerella, and Parasutterella (Spearman's rho = -0.43 to - 0.31) were negatively correlated with HAM-D scores. Of the 14 predicted MetaCyc pathways that correlated with depressive symptom scores at the end of CRT, 11 (79%) were associated with biosynthetic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Significant bacterial taxa and predicted functional pathways correlated with depressive symptoms at the end of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for rectal cancer which warrants further examination and replication of our findings.
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Dolly A, Dumas JF, Servais S. Cancer cachexia and skeletal muscle atrophy in clinical studies: what do we really know? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1413-1428. [PMID: 33053604 PMCID: PMC7749617 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research investigators have shown a growing interest in investigating alterations underlying skeletal muscle wasting in patients with cancer. However, skeletal muscle dysfunctions associated with cancer cachexia have mainly been studied in preclinical models. In the present review, we summarize the results of clinical studies in which skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from cachectic vs. non-cachectic cancer patients. Most of these studies suggest the presence of significant physiological alterations in skeletal muscle from cachectic cancer patients. We suggest a hypothesis, which connects structural and metabolic parameters that may, at least in part, be responsible for the skeletal muscle atrophy characteristic of cancer cachexia. Finally, we discuss the importance of a better standardization of the diagnostic criteria for cancer cachexia, as well as the requirement for additional clinical studies to improve the robustness of these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Dolly
- INSERM UMR 1069, Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Dumas
- INSERM UMR 1069, Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Servais
- INSERM UMR 1069, Nutrition Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Mravec B, Horvathova L, Hunakova L. Neurobiology of Cancer: the Role of β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Various Tumor Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217958. [PMID: 33114769 PMCID: PMC7662752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of cancer depends on both tumor micro- and macroenvironments. In addition, psychosocial and spiritual “environments” might also affect cancer. It has been found that the nervous system, via neural and humoral pathways, significantly modulates processes related to cancer at the level of the tumor micro- and macroenvironments. The nervous system also mediates the effects of psychosocial and noetic factors on cancer. Importantly, data accumulated in the last two decades have clearly shown that effects of the nervous system on cancer initiation, progression, and the development of metastases are mediated by the sympathoadrenal system mainly via β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Here, we provide a new complex view of the role of β-adrenergic receptor signaling within the tumor micro- and macroenvironments as well as in mediating the effects of the psychosocial and spiritual environments. In addition, we describe potential preventive and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Mravec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 39 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-(2)-59357527; Fax: +421-(2)-59357601
| | - Lubica Horvathova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 39 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Luba Hunakova
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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