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Zhou W, Chai Y, Lu S, Yang Q, Tang L, Zhou D. Advances in the study of tissue-engineered retinal pigment epithelial cell sheets. Regen Ther 2024; 27:419-433. [PMID: 38694444 PMCID: PMC11062139 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Regarded as the most promising treatment modality for retinal degenerative diseases, retinal pigment epithelium cell replacement therapy holds significant potential. Common retinal degenerative diseases, including Age-related Macular Degeneration, are frequently characterized by damage to the unit comprising photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and Bruch's membrane. The selection of appropriate tissue engineering materials, in conjunction with retinal pigment epithelial cells, for graft preparation, can offer an effective treatment for retinal degenerative diseases. This article presents an overview of the research conducted on retinal pigment epithelial cell tissue engineering, outlining the challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Yujiao Chai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
- Hunan Guangxiu Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiaohui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Liying Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
| | - Di Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- National Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
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Liao C, Chen S, Chen X, Yi W, Fan Y, Chen Y, Ye T, Chen Y. Inhibition of JNK ameliorates rod photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 39010325 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited eye disease that causes progressive vision loss. Microglial activation and inflammation play essential roles in photoreceptor degeneration in RP, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the progressive degeneration of photoreceptors in rd1 mice, a mouse model of RP. We investigated the molecular changes in various retinal cells in rd1 mice using single-cell RNA sequencing and found that potentiation of JNK signaling is associated with photoreceptor degeneration in RP. Moreover, inflammation-related molecules, which function downstream of JNK, are elevated in RP. Furthermore, inhibiting JNK alleviates microglial activation and rescues photoreceptor degeneration in rd1 mice. Thus, our findings suggest that targeting JNK is a promising approach for slowing RP progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuxu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, China
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Chen X, Zhang S, Yang L, Kong Q, Zhang W, Zhang J, Hao X, So KF, Xu Y. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate-enriched wolfberry extract improves vision in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302742. [PMID: 38768144 PMCID: PMC11104671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) is a chemical extracted from wolfberry that protects degenerated photoreceptors in mouse retina. However, the pure ZD is expensive and hard to produce. In this study, we developed a method to enrich ZD from wolfberry on a production line and examined whether it may also protect the degenerated mouse retina. The ZD-enriched wolfberry extract (ZDE) was extracted from wolfberry by organic solvent method, and the concentration of ZD was identified by HPLC. The adult C57BL/6 mice were treated with ZDE or solvent by daily gavage for 2 weeks, at the end of the first week the animals were intraperitoneally injected with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to induce photoreceptor degeneration. Then optomotor, electroretinogram, and immunostaining were used to test the visual behavior, retinal light responses, and structure. The final ZDE product contained ~30mg/g ZD, which was over 9 times higher than that from the dry fruit of wolfberry. Feeding degenerated mice with ZDE significantly improved the survival of photoreceptors, enhanced the retinal light responses and the visual acuity. Therefore, our ZDE product successfully alleviated retinal morphological and functional degeneration in mouse retina, which may provide a basis for further animal studies for possible applying ZDE as a supplement to treat degenerated photoreceptor in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongmin Chen
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Qihang Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Jinhong Zhang
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Xiangfeng Hao
- Bairuiyuan Gouqi Corp., Yinchuan, Ningxia Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University)-Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Basyal D, Lee S, Kim HJ. Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:568. [PMID: 38790673 PMCID: PMC11117704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severely affects central vision due to progressive macular degeneration and its staggering prevalence is rising globally, especially in the elderly population above 55 years. Increased oxidative stress with aging is considered an important contributor to AMD pathogenesis despite multifaceted risk factors including genetic predisposition and environmental agents. Wet AMD can be managed with routine intra-vitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors, but no satisfactory medicine has been approved for the successful management of the dry form. The toxic carbonyls due to photo-oxidative degradation of accumulated bisretinoids within lysosomes initiate a series of events including protein adduct formation, impaired autophagy flux, complement activation, and chronic inflammation, which is implicated in dry AMD. Therapy based on antioxidants has been extensively studied for its promising effect in reducing the impact of oxidative stress. This paper reviews the dry AMD pathogenesis, delineates the effectiveness of dietary and nutrition supplements in clinical studies, and explores pre-clinical studies of antioxidant molecules, extracts, and formulations with their mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dauge 42601, Republic of Korea
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Rabe F, Smigielski L, Georgiadis F, Kallen N, Omlor W, Kirschner M, Cathomas F, Grünblatt E, Silverstein S, Blose B, Barthelmes D, Schaal K, Rubio J, Lencz T, Homan P. Genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia through neuroinflammatory pathways is associated with retinal thinning: Findings from the UK-Biobank. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.05.24305387. [PMID: 38633770 PMCID: PMC11023639 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.24305387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The human retina is part of the central nervous system and can be easily and non-invasively imaged with optical coherence tomography. While imaging the retina may provide insights on central nervous system-related disorders such as schizophrenia, a typical challenge are confounders often present in schizophrenia which may negatively impact retinal health. Here, we therefore aimed to investigate retinal changes in the context of common genetic variations conveying a risk of schizophrenia as measured by polygenic risk scores. We used population data from the UK Biobank, including White British and Irish individuals without diagnosed schizophrenia, and estimated a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia based on the newest genome-wide association study (PGC release 2022). We hypothesized that greater genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia is associated with retinal thinning, especially within the macula. To gain additional mechanistic insights, we conducted pathway-specific polygenic risk score associations analyses, focusing on gene pathways that are related to schizophrenia. Of 65484 individuals recruited, 48208 participants with available matching imaging-genetic data were included in the analysis of whom 22427 (53.48%) were female and 25781 (46.52%) were male. Our robust principal component regression results showed that polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia were associated with retinal thinning while controlling for confounding factors (b = -0.03, p = 0.007, pFWER = 0.01). Similarly, we found that polygenic risk for schizophrenia specific to neuroinflammation gene sets revealed significant associations with retinal thinning (b = -0.03, self-contained p = 0.041 (reflecting the level of association), competitive p = 0.05 (reflecting the level of enrichment)). These results go beyond previous studies suggesting a relationship between manifested schizophrenia and retinal phenotypes. They indicate that the retina is a mirror reflecting the genetic complexities of schizophrenia and that alterations observed in the retina of individuals with schizophrenia may be connected to an inherent genetic predisposition to neurodegenerative aspects of the condition. These associations also suggest the potential involvement of the neuroinflammatory pathway, with indications of genetic overlap with specific retinal phenotypes. The findings further indicate that this gene pathway in individuals with a high polygenic risk for schizophrenia could contribute through acute-phase proteins to structural changes in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Rabe
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukasz Smigielski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Foivos Georgiadis
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Kallen
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Omlor
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Cathomas
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brittany Blose
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Barthelmes
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen Schaal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jose Rubio
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Homan
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wu Z, Zang Y, Li C, He Z, Liu J, Du Z, Ma X, Jing L, Duan H, Feng J, Yan X. CD146, a therapeutic target involved in cell plasticity. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2521-x. [PMID: 38613742 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Since its identification as a marker for advanced melanoma in the 1980s, CD146 has been found to have multiple functions in both physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration, tumor progression, fibrosis disease, and inflammations. Subsequent research has revealed that CD146 is involved in various signaling pathways as a receptor or co-receptor in these processes. This correlation between CD146 and multiple diseases has sparked interest in its potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. To better comprehend the versatile roles of CD146, we have summarized its research history and synthesized findings from numerous reports, proposing that cell plasticity serves as the underlying mechanism through which CD146 contributes to development, regeneration, and various diseases. Targeting CD146 would consequently halt cell state shifting during the onset and progression of these related diseases. Therefore, the development of therapy targeting CD146 holds significant practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuzhe Zang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuyi Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiheng He
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqi Du
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Jing
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, China.
| | - Jing Feng
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, 451163, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Llorián-Salvador M, de Fuente AG, McMurran CE, Dashwood A, Dooley J, Liston A, Penalva R, Dombrowski Y, Stitt AW, Fitzgerald DC. Regulatory T cells limit age-associated retinal inflammation and neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:32. [PMID: 38581053 PMCID: PMC10996107 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is the principal risk factor for retinal degenerative diseases, which are the commonest cause of blindness in the developed countries. These conditions include age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy. Regulatory T cells play a vital role in immunoregulation of the nervous system by limiting inflammation and tissue damage in health and disease. Because the retina was long-considered an immunoprivileged site, the precise contribution of regulatory T cells in retinal homeostasis and in age-related retinal diseases remains unknown. METHODS Regulatory T cells were selectively depleted in both young (2-4 months) and aged (18-23 months) FoxP3-DTR mice. We evaluated neuroretinal degeneration, gliosis, subretinal space phagocyte infiltration, and retinal pigmented epithelium morphology through immunofluorescence analysis. Subsequently, aged Treg depleted animals underwent adoptive transfer of both young and aged regulatory T cells from wild-type mice, and the resulting impact on neurodegeneration was assessed. Statistical analyses employed included the U-Mann Whitney test, and for comparisons involving more than two groups, 1-way ANOVA analysis followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test. RESULTS Our study shows that regulatory T cell elimination leads to retinal pigment epithelium cell dysmorphology and accumulation of phagocytes in the subretinal space of young and aged mice. However, only aged mice experience retinal neurodegeneration and gliosis. Surprisingly, adoptive transfer of young but not aged regulatory T cells reverse these changes. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate an essential role for regulatory T cells in maintaining age retinal homeostasis and preventing age-related neurodegeneration. This previously undescribed role of regulatory T cells in limiting retinal inflammation, RPE/choroid epithelium damage and subsequently photoreceptor loss with age, opens novel avenues to explore regulatory T cell neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties as potential therapeutic approaches for age-related retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Llorián-Salvador
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alerie G de Fuente
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante (ISABIAL) Alicante, 03010, Alicante, Spain.
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Christopher E McMurran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Dashwood
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosana Penalva
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Yvonne Dombrowski
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Denise C Fitzgerald
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
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Hernández-Zulueta J, Bolaños-Chang AJ, Santa Cruz-Pavlovich FJ, Valero Rodríguez AD, Lizárraga Madrigal A, Del Rio-Murillo XI, Navarro-Partida J, Gonzalez-De la Rosa A. Microbial Dynamics in Ophthalmic Health: Exploring the Interplay between Human Microbiota and Glaucoma Pathogenesis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:592. [PMID: 38674238 PMCID: PMC11051970 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome has a crucial role in the homeostasis and health of the host. These microorganisms along with their genes are involved in various processes, among these are neurological signaling, the maturation of the immune system, and the inhibition of opportunistic pathogens. In this sense, it has been shown that a healthy ocular microbiota acts as a barrier against the entry of pathogens, contributing to the prevention of infections. In recent years, a relationship has been suggested between microbiota dysbiosis and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In patients with glaucoma, it has been observed that the microbiota of the ocular surface, intraocular cavity, oral cavity, stomach, and gut differ from those observed in healthy patients, which may suggest a role in pathology development, although the evidence remains limited. The mechanisms involved in the relationship of the human microbiome and this neurodegenerative disease remain largely unknown. For this reason, the present review aims to show a broad overview of the influence of the structure and composition of the human oral and gut microbiota and relate its dysbiosis to neurodegenerative diseases, especially glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joicye Hernández-Zulueta
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez, Zapopan 45200, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andres J. Bolaños-Chang
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Ximena I. Del Rio-Murillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - José Navarro-Partida
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirúrgica, S.C., Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-De la Rosa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirúrgica, S.C., Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico
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9
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Li H, Zhang H, Chen L, Shen Y, Cao Y, Li X, Yao J. Indirubin alleviates retinal neurodegeneration through the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:256-268. [PMID: 38387889 PMCID: PMC11144936 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurodegenerative disease is a leading cause of blindness among the elderly in developed countries, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, traumatic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis, etc. The current clinical treatment is not very effective. We investigated indirubin, one of the main bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Danggui Longhui Pill, in the present study for its role in retinal neurodegeneration. Indirubin exhibited no detectable tissue toxicity in vivo or cytotoxicity in vitro. Moreover, indirubin improved visual function and ameliorated retinal neurodegeneration in mice after optic nerve crush injury in vivo. Furthermore, indirubin reduced the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells induced by oxidative stress in vitro. In addition, indirubin significantly suppressed the increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase induced by oxidative stress. Mechanically, indirubin played a neuroprotective role by regulating the PI3K/AKT/BAD/BCL-2 signaling. In conclusion, indirubin protected retinal ganglion cells from oxidative damage and alleviated retinal neurodegeneration induced by optic nerve crush injury. The present study provides a potential therapeutic medicine for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lushu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yaming Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiumiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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10
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Bighinati A, Adani E, Stanzani A, D’Alessandro S, Marigo V. Molecular mechanisms underlying inherited photoreceptor degeneration as targets for therapeutic intervention. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1343544. [PMID: 38370034 PMCID: PMC10869517 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1343544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a form of retinal degeneration characterized by primary degeneration of rod photoreceptors followed by a secondary cone loss that leads to vision impairment and finally blindness. This is a rare disease with mutations in several genes and high genetic heterogeneity. A challenging effort has been the characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying photoreceptor cell death during the progression of the disease. Some of the cell death pathways have been identified and comprise stress events found in several neurodegenerative diseases such as oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium imbalance and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Other cell death mechanisms appear more relevant to photoreceptor cells, such as high levels of cGMP and metabolic changes. Here we review some of the cell death pathways characterized in the RP mutant retina and discuss preclinical studies of therapeutic approaches targeting the molecular outcomes that lead to photoreceptor cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bighinati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Adani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Agnese Stanzani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara D’Alessandro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Marigo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Modena, Italy
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11
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Peña JS, Ramanujam RK, Risman RA, Tutwiler V, Berthiaume F, Vazquez M. Neurovascular Relationships in AGEs-Based Models of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:63. [PMID: 38247940 PMCID: PMC10813697 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy affects more than 100 million people worldwide and is projected to increase by 50% within 20 years. Increased blood glucose leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which cause cellular and molecular dysfunction across neurovascular systems. These molecules initiate the slow breakdown of the retinal vasculature and the inner blood retinal barrier (iBRB), resulting in ischemia and abnormal angiogenesis. This project examined the impact of AGEs in altering the morphology of healthy cells that comprise the iBRB, as well as the effects of AGEs on thrombi formation, in vitro. Our results illustrate that AGEs significantly alter cellular areas and increase the formation of blood clots via elevated levels of tissue factor. Likewise, AGEs upregulate the expression of cell receptors (RAGE) on both endothelial and glial cells, a hallmark biomarker of inflammation in diabetic cells. Examining the effects of AGEs stimulation on cellular functions that work to diminish iBRB integrity will greatly help to advance therapies that target vision loss in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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12
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
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13
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Marino R, Sappington R, Feligioni M. Retinoprotective compounds, current efficacy, and future prospective. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2619-2622. [PMID: 37449599 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal dysfunction is the most common cause of vision loss in several retinal disorders. It has been estimated a great increase in these pathologies that are becoming more globally widespread and numerous over time, also supported by the life expectancy increment. Among different types of retinopathies, we can account some that share causes, symptoms, and treatment including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and retinitis pigmentosa. Molecular changes, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition might be some of the main causes that drive retinal tissue to chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration in these retinopathies. The treatments available on the market contain compounds that efficiently ameliorate some of the important clinical features of these pathologies like stabilization of the intraocular pressure, reduction of eye inflammation, control of eye oxidative stress which are considered the major molecular mechanisms related to retinal dysfunction. Indeed, the most commonly used drugs are anti-inflammatories, such as corticosteroids, antioxidant, hypotonic molecules and natural neuroprotective compounds. Unfortunately, these drugs, which are fundamental to treating disease symptoms, are not capable to cure the pathologies and so they are not life-changing for patients. This review provided an overview of current treatments on the market, but more interestingly, wants to be a quick window on the new treatments that are now in clinical trials. Additionally, it has been here highlighted that the recent technical enhancement of the investigation methods to identify the various retinopathies causes might be used as a sort of "precise medicine" approach to tailor the identification of molecular pathways involved and potentially study a dedicated treatment for each patient. This approach includes the use of cutting-edge technologies like gene therapy and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Marino
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca Sappington
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center; Department of Ophthalmology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Igea, Milan, Italy
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Boccaccini A, Cavaterra D, Carnevale C, Tanga L, Marini S, Bocedi A, Lacal PM, Manni G, Graziani G, Sbardella D, Tundo GR. Novel frontiers in neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma: Molecular and clinical aspects. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101225. [PMID: 38000334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, neuroprotective therapies have attracted the researcher interests as modern and challenging approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, aimed at protecting the nervous system from injuries. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive excavation of the optic nerve head, retinal axonal injury and corresponding vision loss that affects millions of people on a global scale. The molecular basis of the pathology is largely uncharacterized yet, and the therapeutic approaches available do not change the natural course of the disease. Therefore, in accordance with the therapeutic regimens proposed for other neurodegenerative diseases, a modern strategy to treat glaucoma includes prescription of drugs with neuroprotective activities. With respect to this, several preclinical and clinical investigations on a plethora of different drugs are currently ongoing. In this review, first, the conceptualization of the rationale for the adoption of neuroprotective strategies for retina is summarized. Second, the molecular aspects highlighting glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease are reported. In conclusion, the molecular and pharmacological properties of most promising direct neuroprotective drugs used to delay glaucoma progression are examined, including: neurotrophic factors, NMDA receptor antagonists, the α2-adrenergic agonist, brimonidine, calcium channel blockers, antioxidant agents, nicotinamide and statins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dario Cavaterra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Raffaella Tundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy.
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15
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Jing H, Nie M, Wang X, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Zhang G, Li D, Dai Z. Lutein combined with EGCG improved retinitis pigmentosa against N-methyl- N nitrosourea-induced. Food Funct 2023; 14:9554-9566. [PMID: 37822286 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02716c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the synergistic improving effect of lutein (LUT) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) treatment on retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mouse model was conducted in the present study. Compared to the LUT alone treatment group, in the LUT combined with EGCG (LUT-EGCG) treatment group, the accumulation content of LUT was significantly increased by 50.24% in the liver. The morphological results indicated that LUT-EGCG treatment significantly improved the retina structure with the thickness of the outer nuclear layer restored to 185.28 ± 0.29 μm, showing no significant difference compared to the control group. The LUT-EGCG treatment also increased the production of short-chain fatty acids, such as acetic and propionic acids. Compared with the LUT alone treatment, the LUT-EGCG treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Helicobacteraceae. RT-qPCR results indicated that LUT-EGCG treatment significantly increased the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 expression. In addition, the expression of IL-6 was significantly down-regulated in the LUT-EGCG group, while there was no significance in NF-κβ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 compared with the LUT group. Correlation analysis supported the conclusion that LUT combined with EGCG may improve RP by modulating antiapoptotic gene expression and regulating the abundance of gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanism still needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Jing
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Meimei Nie
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yayuan Xu
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Jiangsu Aland Nutrition Co., Ltd, Taizhou 214500, China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhuqing Dai
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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16
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Li D, Xu J, Chang J, Wang Y, Du X, Wu H, Cui J, Wang P, Zhang T, Chen Y. Hyperoside protects against oxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor degeneration: therapeutic potentials for photoreceptor degenerative diseases. J Transl Med 2023; 21:569. [PMID: 37620913 PMCID: PMC10463396 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoreceptor degeneration underpinned by oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death leads to progressive and irreversible vision impairment. Drug treatments that protect against photoreceptor degeneration are currently available in the clinical settings. It has been shown that hyperoside, a flavonol glycoside, protects against neuronal loss in part by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining the functional integrity of mitochondria. However, whether hyperoside protects against photoreceptor degeneration remains unknown. METHODS To address the pharmacological potentials of hyperoside against oxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor degeneration on molecular, cellular, structural and functional levels, multiple in vitro and in vivo methodologies were employed in the current study, including live-cell imaging, optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, histological/immunohistochemical examinations, transmission electron microscopy, RNA-sequencing and real-time qPCR. RESULTS The in vitro results demonstrate that hyperoside suppresses oxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor cell death in part by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction. The in vivo results reveal that hyperoside protects against photooxidative stress-induced photoreceptor morphological, functional and ultrastructural degeneration. Meanwhile, hyperoside treatment offsets the deleterious impact of photooxidative stress on multiple molecular pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of photoreceptor degeneration. Lastly, hyperoside attenuates photoreceptor degeneration-associated microglial inflammatory activation and reactive Müller cell gliosis. CONCLUSIONS All things considered, the present study demonstrates for the first time that hyperoside attenuates oxidative stress-induced photoreceptor mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The photoreceptor-intrinsic protective effects of hyperoside are corroborated by hyperoside-conferred protection against photooxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor degeneration and perturbation in retinal homeostasis, warranting further evaluation of hyperoside as a photoreceptor protective agent for the treatment of related photoreceptor degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijin Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiaoye Du
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Hanhan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Peiwei Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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17
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Liu Z, Yoon CS, Lee H, Lee HK, Lee DS. Linderone Isolated from Lindera erythrocarpa Exerts Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects via NF-κB and Nrf2 Pathways in BV2 and HT22 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087569. [PMID: 37108731 PMCID: PMC10141370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Linderone is a major compound in Lindera erythrocarpa and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 cells. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of linderone action in BV2 and HT22 cells. Linderone suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and prostaglandin E-2) in BV2 cells. Linderone treatment also inhibited the LPS-induced activation of p65 nuclear factor-kappa B, protecting against oxidative stress in glutamate-stimulated HT22 cells. Furthermore, linderone activated the translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1. These findings provided a mechanistic explanation of the antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of linderone. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of linderone in neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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18
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Yang M, Peng GH. The molecular mechanism of human stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in retinal repair and regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:84. [PMID: 37046324 PMCID: PMC10100447 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, play a critical role in metabolic regulation and intracellular communication. Stem cell-derived EVs are considered to have the potential for regeneration, like stem cells, while simultaneously avoiding the risk of immune rejection or tumour formation. The therapeutic effect of stem cell-derived EVs has been proven in many diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of stem cell-derived EVs in retinal repair and regeneration has not been fully clarified. In this review, we described the biological characteristics of stem cell-derived EVs, summarized the current research on stem cell-derived EV treatment in retinal repair and regeneration, and discussed the potential and challenges of stem cell-derived EVs in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guang-Hua Peng
- Laboratory of Visual Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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19
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Fikret CZ, Ucgun NI, Karaca EE, Kemer OE. Corneal characteristics in patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103554. [PMID: 37030435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate corneal topography and specular microscopic findings in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS One hundred and two eyes of 51 patients with retinitis pigmentosa and 60 eyes of 30 healty subjects were included in our study. A detailed ophthalmological examination involving best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was performed. A rotating Scheimpflug imaging system, was used to evaluate all eyes for topographic and aberrometrics parameters. Specular microscopy measurements were also noted. RESULTS The retinitis pigmentosa group consisted of 51 patients (29 male and 22 female, mean age of 35.61±13.55 (18-65) years and the control group also consisted of 30 healty subjects (29 male and 22 female, mean age of 33.67±9.92 (20-58) years. There was no difference between the groups in terms of age (p=0.624) and gender (p=0.375). Spherical equivalents were higher in the RP group (p<0.001). Central keratoconus index (CKI) (p<0.001), Belin Ambrosio enhanced ectasia display total deviation value (BAD-D) (p=0.003), index of surface variance (ISV) (p<0.001), index of vertical asymmetry (IVA) (p<0.001), Ambrosio related thickness (ART max) (p=0.018), index of height asymmetry (IHA) (p=0.009), index of height decentration (IHD) (p<0.001), maximum anterior elevation (p<0.001), front elevation in thin location (p=0.05), progression index average (p=0.015), root mean square (RMS) total (p=0.010) and RMS-higher order aberration (RMS-HOA) (p<0.001) values were higher in RP group. There was a weak negative correlation between BCVA and ART max measurements (r=-0.256, p=0.009) in RP group. We detected keratoconus-suspect in 6 eyes and clinically manifest keratoconus in one eye in the RP group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with retinitis pigmentosa may have corneal morphological disorders that may affect vision. In our study, corneal topographic pathologies including keratoconus and possible keratoconus were detected in RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Zeki Fikret
- Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Department of Ophthalmology.
| | - Nil Irem Ucgun
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Department of Ophthalmology.
| | | | - Ozlem Evren Kemer
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Department of Ophthalmology.
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Epiretinal Amniotic Membrane in Complicated Retinal Detachment: a Clinical and In Vitro Safety Assessment. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1635-1648. [PMID: 36905569 PMCID: PMC10164220 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amniotic membrane (AM) is a popular treatment for external ocular diseases. First intraocular implantations in other diseases reported promising results. Here, we review three cases of intravitreal epiretinal human AM (iehAM) transplantation as an adjunct treatment for complicated retinal detachment and analyze clinical safety. Possible cellular rejection reactions against the explanted iehAM were evaluated and its influence was assessed on three retinal cell lines in vitro. METHODS Three patients with complicated retinal detachment and implanted iehAM during pars plana vitrectomy are retrospectively presented. After removal of the iehAM at subsequent surgery, tissue-specific cellular responses were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. We investigated the influence of AM in vitro on retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), Müller cells (Mio-M1), and differentiated retinal neuroblasts (661W) . An anti-histone DNA ELISA for cell apoptosis, a BrdU ELISA for cell proliferation, a WST-1 assay for cell viability, and a live/dead assay for cell death were performed. RESULTS Despite the severity of the retinal detachment, stable clinical outcomes were obtained in all three cases. Immunostaining of the explanted iehAM showed no evidence of cellular immunological rejection. In vitro, there was no statistical significant change in cell death or cell viability nor were proliferative effects detected on ARPE-19, Müller cells, and retinal neuroblasts exposed to AM. CONCLUSION iehAM was a viable adjuvant with many potential benefits for treatment of complicated retinal detachment. Our investigations could not detect any signs of rejection reactions or toxicity. Further studies are needed to evaluate this potential in more detail.
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Neroev VV, Chesnokova NB, Neroeva NV, Beznos OV, Pavlenko TA, Okhotsimskaya TD, Utkina OA. [Pathogenetic role of multifunctional protein alpha-2-macroglobulin and its activity in tears and serum in age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:26-32. [PMID: 38235627 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202313906126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) is a multifunctional protein involved in neurodegeneration, inflammation and neovascularization, which are key processes in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). AMD and PDR are two of the main causes of vision loss and blindness, are difficult to treat, and are generally diagnosed at the stage of irreversible changes. PURPOSE This study estimates the activity of α2-MG in the blood serum and tears of patients with AMD and PDR in order to reveal the relation of its levels with the intensity of the pathological process in the retina. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 17 patients (34 eyes) with AMD, 15 patients (30 eyes) with PDR, and 15 healthy adults (30 eyes) of the similar age. The activity of α2-MG in serum and tears was measured enzymatically using the specific substrate N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). RESULTS The activity of α2-MG in tears of patients with AMD was on the average 3.5 times higher than in healthy controls, and in patients with PDR - 1.5 times higher. Patients with AMD at the submacular fibrosis stage showed decreased α2-MG activity in tears. The activity of α2-MG in serum of patients with AMD and PDR was on the average 25% higher than in healthy persons. No correlation was revealed between serum and tear levels of α2-MG activity. CONCLUSION This study revealed for the first time that in AMD and PDR the activity of α2-MG in tears is increased, and that in AMD the increase is higher than in PDR. An increase of α2-MG activity in serum confirms the presence of systemic inflammation. Absence of correlation between the serum and tear activity of α2-MG confirms its local origin. The high level of α2-MG activity in tears reflects the presence of an active destructive process in the retina, justifying its further investigation as a predictor of AMD and PDR course, as well as an indicator of therapy effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Neroev
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N B Chesnokova
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Neroeva
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Beznos
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Pavlenko
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - T D Okhotsimskaya
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Utkina
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Peripheral high levels of CRP predict progression from normal cognition to dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 107:54-63. [PMID: 36502782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several cross-sectional studies have demonstrated a relationship between inflammation and dementia. Uncertainty exists over the ability of C-reactive protein (CRP), one of the most investigated markers of inflammation, to predict the progression of normal cognition to dementia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess whether high peripheral levels of CRP are associated with cognitive impairment and whether CRP is a risk factor for predicting progression from normal cognition to cognitive decline or dementia. METHODS Literature published before November 2022 was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Prospective cohort studies that employed recognized evaluation instruments to assess global cognitive function or used accepted diagnostic criteria to ascertain dementia were selected. Subgroup analysis was conducted on specific cognitive domains and causes of dementia (i.e., Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia). Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were extracted and merged to facilitate data analysis. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis and a descriptive analysis of the data that could not be merged was conducted. RESULTS A total of 13 articles (14 cohort studies) were included for meta-analysis and six articles were included for descriptive analysis. The results showed that high CRP levels were not related to future cognitive decline (OR = 1.115; 95 % CI: 0.830-1.497; p = 0.469) but were associated with an increased risk of conversion to dementia. (HR = 1.473; 95 % CI: 1.037-2.090; p = 0.0394). This association persisted after full adjustment for potential covariates, with an OR of 1.044 (95 % CI:0.767-1.421, p = 0.785) for cognitive decline and an HR of 1.429 (95 % CI:1.088-1.876, p = 0.010) for dementia. The subgroup analysis showed that a higher level of CRP was related to a decline in visual-spatial ability (OR = 1.402, 95 % CI: 1.045-1.882, p = 0.024) and the risk of conversion to vascular dementia (total effect size of OR and HR = 2.769, 95 % CI: 1.586-4.83, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Higher CRP levels as an indicator of chronic systemic inflammation cannot predict future cognitive decline but may indicate a higher risk of conversion to dementia.
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Wang X, Fan W, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Li N, Li R, Wang G, He S, Li W, Liao D, Zhang Z, Shu N, Huang J, Zhao C, Hou S. SOX2-positive retinal stem cells are identified in adult human pars plicata by single-cell transcriptomic analyses. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 4:e198. [PMID: 36582303 PMCID: PMC9790047 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy to rescue visual impairment caused by retinal degeneration. Previous studies have proposed controversial theories about whether in situ retinal stem cells (RSCs) are present in adult human eye tissue. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as one of the most powerful tools to reveal the heterogeneity of tissue cells. By using scRNA-seq, we explored the cell heterogeneity of different subregions of adult human eyes, including pars plicata, pars plana, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), iris, and neural retina (NR). We identified one subpopulation expressing SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) as RSCs, which were present in the pars plicata of the adult human eye. Further analysis showed the identified subpopulation of RSCs expressed specific markers aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12). We, therefore, isolated this subpopulation using these two markers by flow sorting and found that the isolated RSCs could proliferate and differentiate into some retinal cell types, including photoreceptors, neurons, RPE cells, microglia, astrocytes, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells; whereas, AQP1- TSPAN12- cells did not have this differentiation potential. In conclusion, our results showed that SOX2-positive RSCs are present in the pars plicata and may be valuable for treating human retinal diseases due to their proliferation and differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Wei Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Zongren Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Na Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Basic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ruonan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Guoqing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Siyuan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Wanqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Dan Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Zhi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Nan Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina,Chongqing Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyChongqingChina,Chongqing Eye InstituteChongqingChina,Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesChongqingChina
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A review of chemical constituents from Ajuga nipponensis and their anti-inflammatory activities analysis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liu F, Zhang M, Xiong G, Han X, Lee VWH, So KF, Chiu K, Xu Y. Trans-Sclera Electrical Stimulation Improves Retinal Function in a Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111917. [PMID: 36431052 PMCID: PMC9693292 DOI: 10.3390/life12111917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a photoreceptor-degenerating disease with no effective treatment. Trans-corneal electrical stimulation has neuroprotective effects in degenerating retinas, but repeated applications cause corneal injury. To avoid the risk of corneal damage, here we tested whether repetitive trans-sclera electrical stimulation (TsES) protects degenerating retinas in rd10 mice, a model of RP. At postnatal day 20 (P20), the right eyes of rd10 mice were exposed to 30 min of TsES daily or every other day till P25, at the amplitude of 50 or 100 μA, with zero current as the sham. Immunostaining, multi-electrode-array (MEA) recording, and a black-and-white transition box were applied to examine the morphological and functional changes of the treated retina. Functionally, TsES modified the retinal light responses. It also reduced the high spontaneous firing of retinal ganglion cells. TsES at 100 μA but not 50 μA increased the light sensitivities of ganglion cells as well as their signal-to-noise ratios. TsES at 100 μA increased the survival of photoreceptors without improving the visual behavior of rd10 mice. Our data suggest that repetitive TsES improves the retinal function of rd10 mice at the early degenerating stage, therefore, it might be an effective long-term strategy to delay retinal degeneration in RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Ave., Guangzhou 510632, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mengrong Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Ave., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guoyin Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiu Han
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Ave., Guangzhou 510632, China
| | | | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Ave., Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +852-28315356 (K.C.); +86-20-85227086 (Y.X.); Fax: +852-28170491 (K.C.); +86-20-85223563 (Y.X.)
| | - Ying Xu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Ave., Guangzhou 510632, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +852-28315356 (K.C.); +86-20-85227086 (Y.X.); Fax: +852-28170491 (K.C.); +86-20-85223563 (Y.X.)
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26
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Onohuean H, Akiyode AO, Akiyode O, Igbinoba SI, Alagbonsi AI. Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the East African region: A meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1024004. [PMID: 36468051 PMCID: PMC9718573 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1024004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a scarcity of epidemiological data on neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) in East Africa. This meta-analysis provides the regional prevalence of NDs, their contributing factors, and evidence of change over time concerning gender per age or year. METHODS Articles were retrieved from electronic databases following the PRISMA standard. RESULTS Forty-two studies were reviewed, and 25 were meta-analyzed with a random-effects model. The pool estimate proportion of 15.27%, 95% CI (0.09-0.23) (I2 = 98.25%), (Q = 1,369.15, p < 0.0001) among a population of 15,813 male/female and 1,257 with NDs. Epidemiological characteristics associated with NDs include Dyskinesias prevalence 55.4%, 95% CI (13.5; 90.9), I2 (96%) and subsistence farming prevalence 11.3%, 95% CI (5.8; 20.9), I2 (99%). Publication bias by Egger test was (z = 4.1913, p < 0.0001), while rank correlation test using Kendall's model was (tau = 0.1237, p = 0.3873). Heterogeneity (R2 design = 5.23%, p design < 0.0001; R2 size = 52.163%, p size < 0.001; and R2 period = 48.13, p period < 0.0001. Covariates (R2 design + size + period = 48.41%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of NDs in the East African region, which could impact life expectancy, morbidity, and quality of life. Thus, early screening and regular surveillance could assist in management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda
- Biomolecules, Metagenomics, Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG), Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda
| | - Abraham Olutumininu Akiyode
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Texas of the Permian Odessa, TX, United States
| | - Oluwole Akiyode
- Biomolecules, Metagenomics, Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG), Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sharon Iyobor Igbinoba
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda
- Biomolecules, Metagenomics, Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG), Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi
- Department of Clinical Biology (Physiology Unit), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
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Bernardo-Colón A, Lerner M, Becerra SP. Pigment epithelium-derived factor is an interleukin-6 antagonist in the RPE: Insight of structure-function relationships. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1045613. [PMID: 36467689 PMCID: PMC9709256 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1045613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal and choroidal inflammatory lesions increase the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has anti-inflammatory properties, but it is not known if it can prevent the production of IL-6 by the retinal pigment epithelium. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of PEDF in the RPE, we used human ARPE-19 cells stimulated with human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to induce overexpression of the IL6 gene. We found that the viability of ARPE-19 cells decreased by 22% with TNF-α at 10 ng/ml, being drastically decreased at ≥50 ng/ml. TNF-α at 5-100 ng/ml elevated the production and secretion of IL-6 protein, as measured by ELISA. To challenge the TNF-α-mediated stimulation of IL-6, we used recombinant human PEDF protein. PEDF at 100 nM recovered the TNF-α-mediated loss of cell viability and repressed IL-6 gene expression as determined by RT-PCR. PEDF at 10-100 nM attenuated the IL-6 protein secretion in a dose dependent fashion (IC50 = 65 nM), being abolished with 100 nM PEDF. To map the region that confers the IL-6 blocking effect to the PEDF polypeptide, we used chemically synthesized peptides designed from its biologically active domains, pro-death 34-mer, and pro-survival 44-mer and 17-mer (H105A), to challenge the IL-6 overproduction. The pro-survival peptides recovered the TNF-α-mediated cell viability loss, and inhibited IL-6 secretion, while the 34-mer did not have an effect, suggesting a role for the pro-survival domain in blocking TNF-α-mediated cell death and IL-6 stimulation. Our findings position PEDF as a novel antagonistic agent of IL-6 production in RPE cells, underscoring its use for the management of retinal disease-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Patricia Becerra
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, Section of Protein Structure and Function, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Therapeutic Potential of d-MAPPS™ for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases and Regeneration of Injured Corneal and Retinal Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113528. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion of microbial pathogens and/or sterile inflammation caused by physical/chemical injuries, increased ocular pressure, oxidative stress, and ischemia could lead to the generation of detrimental immune responses in the eyes, which result in excessive tissue injury and vision loss. The bioavailability of eye drops that are enriched with immunoregulatory and trophic factors which may concurrently suppress intraocular inflammation and promote tissue repair and regeneration is generally low. We recently developed “derived- Multiple Allogeneic Proteins Paracrine Signaling regenerative biologics platform technology d-MAPPS™”, a bioengineered biological product which is enriched with immunomodulatory and trophic factors that can efficiently suppress detrimental immune responses in the eye and promote the repair and regeneration of injured corneal and retinal tissues. The results obtained in preclinical and clinical studies showed that d-MAPPS™ increased the viability of injured corneal cells, inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in immune cells, alleviated inflammation, and restored vision loss in patients suffering from meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye disease. Herewith, we emphasized molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of d-MAPPS™ and we presented the main beneficial effects of d-MAPPS™ in clinical settings, indicating that the topical administration of d-MAPPS™ could be considered a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases and for the repair and regeneration of injured corneal and retinal tissues.
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Research Trends and Hotspots of Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography: A 31-Year Bibliometric Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195604. [PMID: 36233468 PMCID: PMC9572389 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of optical coherence tomography (OCT) over the past three decades has sparked great interest in retinal research. However, a comprehensive analysis of the trends and hotspots in retinal OCT research is currently lacking. We searched the publications on retinal OCT in the Web of Science database from 1991 to 2021 and performed the co-occurrence keyword analysis and co-cited reference network using bibliometric tools. A total of 25,175 publications were included. There has been a progressive increase in the number of publications. The keyword co-occurrence network revealed five clusters of hotspots: (1) thickness measurements; (2) therapies for macular degeneration and macular edema; (3) degenerative retinal diseases; (4) OCT angiography (OCTA); and (5) vitrectomy for macular hole and epiretinal membrane. The co-citation analysis displayed 26 highly credible clusters (S = 0.9387) with a well-structured network (Q = 0.879). The major trends of research were: (1) thickness measurements; (2) therapies for macular degeneration and macular edema; and (3) OCTA. Recent emerging frontiers showed a growing interest in OCTA, vessel density, choriocapillaris, central serous chorioretinopathy, Alzheimer’s disease, and deep learning. This review summarized 31 years of retinal OCT research, shedding light on the hotspots, main themes, and emerging frontiers to assist in future research.
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Catalani E, Cherubini A, Del Quondam S, Cervia D. Regenerative Strategies for Retinal Neurons: Novel Insights in Non-Mammalian Model Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158180. [PMID: 35897754 PMCID: PMC9331597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed knowledge of the status of the retina in neurodegenerative conditions is a crucial point for the development of therapeutics in retinal pathologies and to translate eye research to CNS disease. In this context, manipulating signaling pathways that lead to neuronal regeneration offers an excellent opportunity to substitute damaged cells and, thus, restore the tissue functionality. Alternative systems and methods are increasingly being considered to replace/reduce in vivo approaches in the study of retina pathophysiology. Herein, we present recent data obtained from the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that bring promising advantages into studying and modeling, at a preclinical level, neurodegeneration and regenerative approaches in retinal diseases. Indeed, the regenerative ability of vertebrate model zebrafish is particularly appealing. In addition, the fruit fly is ideal for regenerative studies due to its high degree of conservation with vertebrates and the broad spectrum of genetic variants achievable. Furthermore, a large part of the drosophila brain is dedicated to sight, thus offering the possibility of studying common mechanisms of the visual system and the brain at once. The knowledge acquired from these alternative models may help to investigate specific well-conserved factors of interest in human neuroregeneration after injuries or during pathologies.
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Deletion of the Pedf gene leads to inflammation, photoreceptor loss and vascular disturbances in the retina. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109171. [PMID: 35809620 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinal diseases are often accompanied by inflammation, vascular abnormalities, and neurodegeneration that decrease vision. Treatment with exogenous PEDF is widely shown to alleviate these conditions leading us to hypothesize that loss of function of the PEDF gene disrupts these pathways and leads to visual loss. Measurements were carried out by detailed phenotyping of PEDF null mice to assess expression of immunomodulators, glia activation, systemic inflammation, vascular disturbances, and visual sensitivity often associated with retinal pathologies. With a deletion of the Pedf gene, there was increased expression of several immune modulators in Pedf-/- retinas and serum with IL-2 and GM-CSF upregulated in both. Increases in retina glia activation and macrophage infiltration, levels of serum c-reactive protein (CRP), numbers of white and red blood cells and platelets and decreased blood glucose levels were all features associated with PEDF null mice. With PEDF gene deletion, there was also a notable increase in apoptosis in early developing retinas (PN3), reduced thickness of the photoreceptor layer, swelling of the inner plexiform layer, reduced retinal sensitivity and steady-state reduced activation of Erk and Akt, two signaling pathways used by PEDF. There is a substantial body of animal data emphasizing utility of PEDF treatment in homeostatic regulation of retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration but there is little agreement or evidence on the role of endogenous PEDF in retinal diseases. Our findings strongly support the concept that a deletion of the PEDF gene makes the retina vulnerable to diseases, and argue that endogenous PEDF plays a critical role in limiting pathological events in the retina.
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Pinilla I, Maneu V, Campello L, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N. Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061086. [PMID: 35739983 PMCID: PMC9219848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, ultimately leading to loss of visual function. Oxidative stress and inflammation play fundamental roles in the physiopathology of these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state in the retina. The activation of several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses to injury, including the activation of microglia to eliminate debris and recruit inflammatory cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs are currently limited, although a small number of patients have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies are being pursued to mitigate the deleterious effects of IRDs associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, including inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation and inflammatory responses, and blocking autophagy. Several compounds are being tested in clinical trials, generating great expectations for their implementation. The present review discusses the main death mechanisms that occur in IRDs and the latest therapies that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
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Napoli D, Strettoi E. Structural abnormalities of retinal pigment epithelial cells in a light‐inducible, rhodopsin mutant mouse. J Anat 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/joa.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Napoli
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council, CNR Pisa Italy
- Regional Doctorate School of Neuroscience University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Enrica Strettoi
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council, CNR Pisa Italy
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