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Xie Q, Gao S, Li Y, Xi W, Dong Z, Li Z, Lei M. Effects of 3021 meal replacement powder protect NAFLD via suppressing the ERS, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16154. [PMID: 37868068 PMCID: PMC10586295 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the specific protective mechanism of 3021 meal replacement powder (MRP) against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and Methods C57BL/6J male mice were divided into four groups: control group, 3021 MRP group, model group and test group. The lipid accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins in hepatocytes of mice were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, oil red O staining and Western blotting. Results The expressions of GRP78, GRP94, p-PERK and p-IRE1α were significantly inhibited in test group compared with those in model group. The protein expressions of p-NF-κB, p-JNK, IL-1β, IL-18 and NOX4 in test group were also significantly lower than those in model group. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that the body weight and lipid droplet content, and the expressions of ERS-related proteins (including BIP and XBP-1) in liver tissues all significantly declined in model group compared with those in 3021 MRP group. Conclusion In conclusion, 3021 MRP can greatly reduce lipid accumulation by inhibiting ERS, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- The Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuqing Gao
- The Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanjudi Li
- Shenzhen Anxintang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifang Xi
- Xinchen Biotechnology (Guandong) Company Limited, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhiyun Dong
- Shenzhen Anxintang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zengning Li
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Health, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Lei
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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2
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Mounika A, Ilangovan B, Mandal S, Shraddha Yashwant W, Priya Gali S, Shanmugam A. Prospects of ultrasonically extracted food bioactives in the field of non-invasive biomedical applications - A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 89:106121. [PMID: 35987106 PMCID: PMC9403563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Foods incorporated with bioactive compounds, called nutraceuticals, can fight or prevent or alleviate diseases. The contribution of nutraceuticals or phytochemicals to non-invasive biomedical applications is increasing. Although there are many traditional methods for extracting bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites, these processes come with many disadvantages like lower yield, longer process time, high energy consumption, more usage of solvent, yielding low active principles with low efficacy against diseases, poor quality, poor mass transfer, higher extraction temperature, etc. However, nullifying all these disadvantages of a non-thermal technology, ultrasound has played a significant role in delivering them with higher yield and improved bio-efficacy. The physical and chemical effects of acoustic cavitation are the crux of the output. This review paper primarily discusses the ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) of bioactives in providing non-invasive prevention and cure to diseases and bodily dysfunctions in human and animal models. The outputs of non-invasive bioactive components in terms of yield and the clinical efficacy in either in vitro or in vitro conditions are discussed in detail. The non-invasive biomedical applications of USAE bioactives providing anticancer, antioxidant, cardiovascular health, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial benefits are analyzed in-depth and appraised. This review additionally highlights the improved performance of USAE compounds against conventionally extracted compounds. In addition, an exhaustive analysis is performed on the role and application of the food bioactives in vivo and in vitro systems, mainly for promoting these efficient USAE bioactives in non-invasive biomedical applications. Also, the review explores the recovery of bioactives from the less explored food sources like cactus pear fruit, ash gourd, sweet granadilla, basil, kokum, baobab, and the food processing industrial wastes like peel, pomace, propolis, wine residues, bran, etc., which is rare in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addanki Mounika
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Bhaargavi Ilangovan
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Sushmita Mandal
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Waghaye Shraddha Yashwant
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Swetha Priya Gali
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India
| | - Akalya Shanmugam
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India; Centre of Excellence in Non-Thermal Processing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, India.
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3
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The Potential of Lamiaceae Herbs for Mitigation of Overweight, Obesity, and Fatty Liver: Studies and Perspectives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155043. [PMID: 35956991 PMCID: PMC9370348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous plants, plant extracts, and plant-derived compounds are being explored for their beneficial effects against overweight and liver diseases. Obesity is associated with the increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), becoming the most common liver disease in Western countries. Obesity and NAFLD are closely associated with many other metabolic alternations such as insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Many herbs of the Lamiaceae family are widely employed as food and spices in the Mediterranean area, but also in folk medicine, and their use for the management of metabolic disorders is well documented. Hereby, we summarized the scientific results of the medicinal and nutraceutical potential of plants from the Lamiaceae family for prevention and mitigation of overweight and fatty liver. The evidence indicates that Lamiaceae plants may be a cost-effective source of nutraceuticals and/or phytochemicals to be used in the management of metabolic-related conditions such as obesity and NAFLD. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets.
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Garzón AG, Ferreira MDR, Cian RE, Oliva ME, D'Alessandro ME, Drago SR. Microencapsulated bioactive peptides from brewer's spent grain promotes antihypertensive and antidiabetogenic effects on a hypertensive and insulin-resistant rat model. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14283. [PMID: 35746832 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of microcapsules containing brewer's spent grain (BSG) peptides were evaluated on a hypertensive/insulin-resistant rat model induced by a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) administration. Animals received for 100 days the control diet (CD), SRD, and CD and SRD diets supplemented with microencapsulated peptides (CD-P and SRD-P). During the experimental period, blood pressure was monitored. Glycemia, tissue glycogen content, nitric oxide, and the activity of enzymes related to hypertensive and diabetogenic mechanisms were determined. The consumption of SRD caused hypertensive and hyperglycemic effects compared to CD. However, the SRD-P group presented lower systolic pressure at the middle of ingestion, achieving similar values than the CD. The SRD-P rats decreased all enzymes' activities compared to the SRD reaching the values of CD, except for those of α-amylase in cecal content and DPP-IV in serum. It was possible to corroborate potential antihypertensive and antidiabetogenic in vivo effects of the microencapsulated BSG peptides. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the main waste obtained from brewing industry. Bioactive peptides obtained after an enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins with in vitro antihypertensive and antidiabetogenic activity have been described. However, to corroborate the action of these bioactive peptides, in vivo studies are necessary. In the present work, microcapsules containing bioactive peptides from BSG were administered on the rat model with induced hypertension and insulin-resistance, corroborating an in vivo antihypertensive and antidiabetogenic effects by inhibition of enzymes related with blood pressure regulation and glucose metabolism. This work demonstrated that microcapsules of BSG peptides could be included into functional foods formulations, or used as dietary supplement for improving health and the prevention of non-communicable diseases, adding value to the brewing process by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela G Garzón
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Raul E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia Oliva
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Maria Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, CONICET, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
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5
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Aiassa V, Del Rosario Ferreira M, Villafañe N, Eugenia D'Alessandro M. α-Linolenic acid rich-chia seed modulates visceral adipose tissue collagen deposition, lipolytic enzymes expression, insulin signaling and GLUT-4 levels in a diet-induced adiposity rodent model. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111164. [PMID: 35651030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given obesity and its associated metabolic disorders have reached epidemic proportions, the study of therapeutic strategies targeting white adipose tissue (WAT) are of main research interest. We previously shown that α-linolenic acid-rich chia seed was able to ameliorate a wide range of metabolic disorders including body fat accretion in sucrose-rich diet (SRD)-fed rats, an experimental model of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chia seed administration upon WAT remodeling and key enzymes that controls lipolysis, insulin signaling (tAKT, pAKT), and GLUT-4 levels in different visceral fat pad depots (epididymal -eWAT- and retroperitoneal -rWAT- adipose tissues) of SRD-fed rats. Results showed that chia seed reduces adipocytes hypertrophy, the increased lipid content and collagen deposition in both WAT. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction of HSL and ATGL protein levels in eWAT and HSL protein levels in rWAT. Moreover, chia seed restored the altered expression pattern of the pAKT observed in SRD-fed rats, and modulated GLUT-4 levels. Chia seed could be a dietary intervention of great relevance with potential beneficial effects in the management of body fat excess and WAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Aiassa
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Noelia Villafañe
- Departamento de Morfología. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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6
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Alrefaie Z, Awad H, Alsolami K, Hamed EA. Uncoupling proteins: are they involved in vitamin D3 protective effect against high-fat diet-induced cardiac apoptosis in rats? Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:438-446. [PMID: 31794287 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1690526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiac apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac uncoupling proteins (UCPs) 2&3 expression. Forty rats were fed either (45%) or (10%) fat diet with or without vitamin D3 (500 U/kg/day) for 6 months, then cardiac tissue expression of Bax, Bcl2, Fas, Fas-L (markers for apoptotic pathways), TNF-α, MDA7, GPX1 (inflammatory and oxidative markers) and UCP 2&3 were assessed. Results revealed the enhancement of intrinsic and extrinsic cardiomyocyte apoptosis cascades and increased inflammatory and oxidative burdens on the heart in HFD rats. Downregulation of UCP2 and upregulation of UCP3 gene expression at 6 months. After vitamin D3 supplementation with HFD, cardiac apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative markers were mitigated and expression of UCP3 was downregulated and UCP2 was upregulated. This work highlights the novel cardioprotective effect of vitamin D3 in the experimental model of HFD feeding through the downregulation of UCP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zienab Alrefaie
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Awad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadeejah Alsolami
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas A Hamed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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7
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Gómez-Velázquez HDJ, Aparicio-Fernández X, Mora O, González Davalos ML, de Los Ríos EA, Reynoso-Camacho R. Chia seeds and chemical-elicited sprouts supplementation ameliorates insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in obese rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14136. [PMID: 35322435 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chia seeds (CS) and sprouts are rich in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to assess the effects of germination and chemical elicitation (salicylic acid [SA]; hydrogen peroxide [H2 O2 ]) on proximate chemical, total phenolics compounds (TPC), non-extractable proanthocyanidins (NEPA), and carotenoids content of chia sprouts; besides, the effects of their supplementation on obesity-associated complications in rats fed with high-fat and fructose diet (HFFD) were evaluated. Protein, carbohydrate, TPC, NEPA, and carotenoids content were higher in sprouts than CS; elicitation enhanced TPC and carotenoids compared to non-elicited (NE) sprouts. CS, NE, and elicited chia sprouts ameliorated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia at the same level in HFFD-fed rats. NE and SA-chia sprouts exerted the biggest reduction in hepatic triglycerides, which could be partially related to inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity. In addition, SA elicitation induced the greatest effect on insulin levels and corporal weight. CS and their sprouts decreased obesity and its complication, mainly SA-elicited sprouts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The growing epidemic of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and obesity has led to the search for prevention and treatment through lifestyle changes, including the consumption of foods rich in bioactive compounds, such as seeds and their sprouts. Since sprouts contain higher concentrations of bioactive compounds and nutrients than seed, germination is a natural alternative to produce ready-to-eat functional foods. Chemical elicitation is a strategy to increase even more the bioactivity of sprouts. CS has been recognized for its beneficial health effects ameliorating dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. This study demonstrates that elicitation, with SA and H2 O2 , during germination of CS, increases the nutrient and phytochemical content of sprouts, with beneficial effects on body weight gain, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and prevention of NAFLD progression in diet-induced obese rats. Therefore, chia sprouts, natural and elicited, may be used as potential nutraceutical foods for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiku D J Gómez-Velázquez
- Departamento de la Tierra y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno, Mexico.,Research and Graduate School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Xochitl Aparicio-Fernández
- Departamento de la Tierra y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Lagos de Moreno, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Mora
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional (RuMeN). Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - María Laura González Davalos
- Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional (RuMeN). Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Erika A de Los Ríos
- Instituto de Neurobiologıa, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho
- Research and Graduate School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
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de Paula Dias Moreira L, Enes BN, de São José VPB, Toledo RCL, Ladeira LCM, Cardoso RR, da Silva Duarte V, Hermsdorff HHM, de Barros FAR, Martino HSD. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Flour and Oil Ameliorate Metabolic Disorders in the Liver of Rats Fed a High-Fat and High Fructose Diet. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030285. [PMID: 35159437 PMCID: PMC8834135 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the consumption of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour (CF) and chia oil (CO) improves metabolic disorders in the liver of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus domestica) fed a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet. The animals were fed a HFHF diet (n = 30) or AIN93-M standard diet (n = 10) for eight weeks. After this period, the animals fed HFHF were divided into three groups (n = 10): HFHF diet, HFHF plus 14.7% of CF, and HFHF plus 4% of CO. Histological and biochemical analyses, gene expression, protein levels related to inflammation, and oxidative stress were evaluated in the liver. The HFHF diet caused lipogenesis, liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the animals. The CF and CO intake increased the liver total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, decreased nitric oxide levels and liver steatosis. Furthermore, the CF and CO led to the upregulation of Cpt1a and Adipor2, respectively, whereas CF downregulated Srebf1. CO intake decreased blood glucose, triglycerides, and the animals’ body weight. Chia did not show effects on mitigating liver pro-inflammatory status, which it may indicate occurs later. The addition of chia into an unbalanced diet is a good and relevant strategy to reduce liver metabolic disorders caused by the high consumption of fructose and saturated fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza de Paula Dias Moreira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
| | - Bárbara Nery Enes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
| | | | - Renata Celi Lopes Toledo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
| | | | - Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (R.R.C.); (F.A.R.d.B.)
| | - Vinícius da Silva Duarte
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Live Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
| | | | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (L.d.P.D.M.); (B.N.E.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.); (R.C.L.T.); (H.H.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Laudette M, Sainte-Marie Y, Cousin G, Bergonnier D, Belhabib I, Brun S, Formoso K, Laib L, Tortosa F, Bergoglio C, Marcheix B, Borén J, Lairez O, Fauconnier J, Lucas A, Mialet-Perez J, Moro C, Lezoualc'h F. Cyclic AMP-binding protein Epac1 acts as a metabolic sensor to promote cardiomyocyte lipotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:824. [PMID: 34471096 PMCID: PMC8410846 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a master regulator of mitochondrial metabolism but its precise mechanism of action yet remains unclear. Here, we found that a dietary saturated fatty acid (FA), palmitate increased intracellular cAMP synthesis through the palmitoylation of soluble adenylyl cyclase in cardiomyocytes. cAMP further induced exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP 1 (Epac1) activation, which was upregulated in the myocardium of obese patients. Epac1 enhanced the activity of a key enzyme regulating mitochondrial FA uptake, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1. Consistently, pharmacological or genetic Epac1 inhibition prevented lipid overload, increased FA oxidation (FAO), and protected against mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. In addition, analysis of Epac1 phosphoproteome led us to identify two key mitochondrial enzymes of the the β-oxidation cycle as targets of Epac1, the long-chain FA acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADL) and the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT). Epac1 formed molecular complexes with the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which phosphorylated ACADL and 3-KAT at specific amino acid residues to decrease lipid oxidation. The Epac1-CaMKII axis also interacted with the α subunit of ATP synthase, thereby further impairing mitochondrial energetics. Altogether, these findings indicate that Epac1 disrupts the balance between mitochondrial FA uptake and oxidation leading to lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately cardiomyocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Laudette
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yannis Sainte-Marie
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Grégoire Cousin
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Dorian Bergonnier
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Ismahane Belhabib
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Brun
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Karina Formoso
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Loubna Laib
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Tortosa
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Bergoglio
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Marcheix
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olivier Lairez
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- PHYMEDEXP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Lucas
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Moro
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1297-I2MC, Toulouse, France.
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10
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Mishima MDV, Ladeira LCM, da Silva BP, Toledo RCL, de Oliveira TV, Costa NMB, Martino HSD. Cardioprotective action of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in ovariectomized rats fed a high fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:3069-3082. [PMID: 33720242 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reduction in estrogen levels is associated with the increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease development. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of chia consumption in a standard diet (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) on ovariectomized (OVX) and non-ovariectomized (SHAM) rats, in relation to biometric measurements, oxidative stress, mineral content and ATPase enzymes in the heart. The study was conducted with 80 female Wistar rats, which received a SD or HFD for 18 weeks. During the first 7 weeks, the animals received the SD or HFD. Then, 40 rats were ovariectomized and 40 rats were SHAM operated. After recovery from surgery, the animals were allocated to 8 groups (n = 10) and they received one of the following diets for 8 weeks: SD, SD + chia, HFD and HFD + chia. In the OVX group, HFD increased weight gain, adiposity, cardiac hypertrophy, and nitric oxide (NO) and K concentration and decreased the Na+/K+ATPase activity. In combination with HFD, ovariectomy decreased the catalase activity, Mg, Cu and Zn concentration, total ATPase activity, and Na+/K+ATPase and Mg2 + ATPase activities; this group also presented higher NO, Ca, K, Fe and Mn concentration in the heart. The SHAM group fed chia presented a lower fat content in the heart. In the OVX group fed HFD, chia increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, decreased NO and maintained the content of minerals and ATPase enzymes. Thus, chia improved the biometric parameters of the heart, the antioxidant activity and maintained the content of minerals and ATPase enzymes, showing a cardioprotective action, but without reversing the deleterious effects of ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Duarte Villas Mishima
- Department of Nutrition and Health. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG Zip Code: 36.570-900, Brazil.
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11
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Oliva ME, Ferreira MDR, Vega Joubert MB, D'Alessandro ME. Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed promotes body fat depletion and modulates adipocyte lipid handling in sucrose-rich diet-fed rats. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109842. [PMID: 33509466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed upon metabolic pathways that play a key role in adipose tissue lipid handling which could be involved in visceral adiposity reduction developed in rats fed a sucrose-rich diet (SRD). Male Wistar rats were fed with a reference diet (RD) -6 months- or SRD-3 months. Then, the last group was randomly divided into two subgroups. One subgroup continued receiving the SRD up to 6 months and the other was fed with a SRD where whole chia seed was incorporated as the source of dietary fat for the next 3 months (SRD + CHIA). Results showed that chia seed in the SRD-fed rat reduced the abdominal and thoracic circumferences, carcass fat content, adipose tissue weights, and visceral adiposity index. This was accompanied by an improvement in insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid profile. In epididymal adipose tissue, the decreased fat cell triglyceride content was associated with a reduction in both, FAT/CD 36 plasma membrane levels and the fat synthesis enzyme activities. There were not changes in oxidative CPT enzyme activities. PKCβ and the precursor and mature forms of SREBP-1 protein levels were decreased, while pAMPK was increased. Our findings suggest that chia seed supplementation can modulate essential pathways of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, contributing to reduced visceral fat accumulation in SRD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Oliva
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Michelle Berenice Vega Joubert
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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12
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Russell JS, Griffith TA, Naghipour S, Vider J, Du Toit EF, Patel HH, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Counters Cardioprotective Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice: Unconventional PUFA Protection. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092679. [PMID: 32887376 PMCID: PMC7551050 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether dietary omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) confers cardiac benefit in cardiometabolic disorders is unclear. We test whether dietary -linolenic acid (ALA) enhances myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) and responses to ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in type 2 diabetes (T2D); and involvement of conventional PUFA-dependent mechanisms (caveolins/cavins, kinase signaling, mitochondrial function, and inflammation). Eight-week male C57Bl/6 mice received streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) and 21 weeks high-fat/high-carbohydrate feeding. Half received ALA over six weeks. Responses to I-R/IPC were assessed in perfused hearts. Localization and expression of caveolins/cavins, protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β); mitochondrial function; and inflammatory mediators were assessed. ALA reduced circulating leptin, without affecting body weight, glycemic dysfunction, or cholesterol. While I-R tolerance was unaltered, paradoxical injury with IPC was reversed to cardioprotection with ALA. However, post-ischemic apoptosis (nucleosome content) appeared unchanged. Benefit was not associated with shifts in localization or expression of caveolins/cavins, p-AKT, p-GSK3β, or mitochondrial function. Despite mixed inflammatory mediator changes, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) was markedly reduced. Data collectively reveal a novel impact of ALA on cardioprotective dysfunction in T2D mice, unrelated to caveolins/cavins, mitochondrial, or stress kinase modulation. Although evidence suggests inflammatory involvement, the basis of this "un-conventional" protection remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S. Russell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Tia A. Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Saba Naghipour
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Eugene F. Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Jason N. Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - John P. Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-5552-8292
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13
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Effect of different fractions of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) on glucose metabolism, in vivo and in vitro. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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14
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Mihafu FD, Kiage BN, Okoth JK, Nyerere AK. Nutritional Composition and Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) Grown in East Africa. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666191125105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) is becoming one of the most popular plantbased
foods that contain the greatest amount of nutrients particularly omega-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic
acid. It is therefore considered a functional food with pronounced health benefits.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the proximate composition, minerals, fatty acid
profiles and phytochemical contents of chia seeds grown in East Africa (Kenya and Uganda).
Methods:
Official methods of analysis, 2005 were adopted, minerals determined by Atomic absorption
spectrophotometer, phytochemicals were determined by standard methods and fatty acid profiles
were analyzed by Gas chromatography.
Results:
Proximate composition indicated high contents of protein, fat and fiber. The fatty acid profiles
revealed great amounts of α-linolenic acid (45.29-56.99%) followed by linoleic acid (15.9-
20.28%) and oleic acid (6.88-11.58%). However, the difference in the content of α-linolenic acid between
samples was not significant (p = 0.7391). Mineral determination (mg/100g) showed high contents
of potassium (492.96-862.98), phosphorous (486.45-569.45), calcium (297.47-429.09) and
magnesium (192.22-202.97) while considerable amount was observed for iron, zinc, manganese, and
copper. There was a significant difference (p = 0.0001) in mineral content between black chia Molo
and white chia Bukembo with the exception of phosphorus.
Conclusion:
Both black and white chia seeds grown in East Africa, observed to have high amounts
of α-linolenic acid, proteins, fats, fiber, and minerals. These findings support the evidence that chia is
rich in nutrients that are beneficial to human health. Therefore, we suggest its incorporation in diets
as a healthy food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian D. Mihafu
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, School of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice N. Kiage
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, School of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith K. Okoth
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, School of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andrew K. Nyerere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
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15
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Ferreira MDR, Oliva ME, Aiassa V, D'Alessandro ME. Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed improves skeletal muscle lipotoxicity and insulin sensitivity in rats fed a sucrose-rich diet by modulating intramuscular lipid metabolism. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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16
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Enes BN, Moreira LPD, Silva BP, Grancieri M, Lúcio HG, Venâncio VP, Mertens-Talcott SU, Rosa COB, Martino HSD. Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) effects and their molecular mechanisms on unbalanced diet experimental studies: A systematic review. J Food Sci 2020; 85:226-239. [PMID: 31972052 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to compile evidence and understand chia seed effects on unbalanced diet animal studies and the molecular mechanisms on metabolic biomarker modulation. A systematic review was conducted in electronic databases, following PRISMA recommendations. Risk of bias and quality was assessed using SYRCLE toll and ARRIVE guidelines. Seventeen articles were included. Throughout the studies, chia's main effects are associated with AMPK modulation: improvement of glucose and insulin tolerance, lipogenesis, antioxidant activity, and inflammation. Details about randomization and allocation concealment were insufficient, as well as information about blind protocols. Sample size, chia dose, and number of animals evaluated for each parameter were found to be lacking information among the studies. Based on experimental study data, chia has bioactive potential, and its daily consumption may reduce the risk of chronic disease development, mainly due to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects of the seed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The consumption of chia seeds may improve lipid profile, insulin and glucose tolerance, and reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Whole seed or its oil presents positive effect, but the effects of chia oil can act faster than the seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara N Enes
- Dept. of Nutrition and Health, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza P D Moreira
- Dept. of Nutrition and Health, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Bárbara P Silva
- Dept. of Nutrition and Health, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Grancieri
- Dept. of Nutrition and Health, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Haira G Lúcio
- Dept. of Nutrition and Health, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Vinícius P Venâncio
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | | | - Carla O B Rosa
- Dept. of Nutrition and Health, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Hércia S D Martino
- Dept. of Nutrition and Health, Federal Univ. of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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17
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Creus A, Chicco A, Álvarez SM, Giménez MS, de Lombardo YB. Dietary Salvia hispanica L. reduces cardiac oxidative stress of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:761-768. [PMID: 31935117 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salvia hispanica L., commonly known as chia seed, has beneficial effects upon some signs of metabolic syndrome (MS), such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. However, its action on cardiac oxidative stress associated with MS remains unknown. The goal of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of chia seed (variety Salba) upon the oxidative stress of left ventricle heart muscle (LV) of a well-established dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rat model induced by feeding them a sucrose-rich diet (SRD). Male Wistar rats received an SRD for 3 months. After that, for 3 additional months, half of the animals continued with the SRD, while the other half received the SRD containing chia as the source of dietary fat instead corn oil (SRD+chia). In the LV of SRD-fed rats, chia seed improved/reverted the depleted activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, and ameliorated manganese superoxide dismutase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels increasing the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Improved the glutathione redox estate, reactive oxygen species, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances contents normalizing the p47NOX subunit mRNA level. Furthermore, chia normalized hypertension and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers. The findings show that chia seed intake impacts positively upon oxidative imbalance of LV of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats. Novelty Healthy effects of chia seed involve an improvement of cardiac antioxidant defenses through Nrf2 induction. Chia seed intake reduces cardiac oxidative stress markers of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats. Dietary chia seed restores cardiac unbalanced redox state of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Creus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Adriana Chicco
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina M Álvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Avenida Ejercito de Los Andes 950, and IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - María S Giménez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Avenida Ejercito de Los Andes 950, and IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Bolzón de Lombardo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
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18
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Melo D, Machado TB, Oliveira MBPP. Chia seeds: an ancient grain trending in modern human diets. Food Funct 2019; 10:3068-3089. [PMID: 31086922 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, in order to ensure adequate intake of nutrients to complement the normal diet, the consumption of seeds such as Salvia hispanica L. (commonly known as chia seeds) is increasing. For this reason, investigations concerning the composition and potential health effects of chia seeds are being carried out. Moreover, the recent approval of chia seeds as a Novel Food by the European Parliament allows its consumption and incorporation in a wide range of foods; thus, they have become widely available. Concerning their nutritional aspects, chia seeds are an excellent source of fat (20% to 34%), particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic (60%) and linoleic (20%) acids. Moreover, high levels of protein (16% to 26%), mainly prolamins, and dietary fibre contents (23% to 41%) have been reported. Vitamins (mostly B complex) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, and potassium, among others) have also been described in appreciable amounts. Additionally, due to the absence of gluten, these seeds are appropriate for coeliac patients. Regarding other bioactive compounds, chia seeds are also a source of antioxidants, such as chlorogenic and caffeic acids, quercetin and kaempferol. Due to their described composition, chia seeds have been related to different medicinal effects, particularly anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities and positive effects on cardiovascular disease and hypertension. The aim of this paper is to perform a systematic review of chia seeds to provide an update of the knowledge about their morphology, nutritional and chemical composition, possible human health benefits and role as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Melo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Dep. Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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19
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Grancieri M, Martino HSD, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as a Source of Proteins and Bioactive Peptides with Health Benefits: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:480-499. [PMID: 33336944 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) has increased in recent years due its high content of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber. This seed also has a high concentration of proteins and essential amino acids, becoming a promising source of bioactive peptides. The objective of this review was to identify the composition and the beneficial effects of chia seeds (S. hispanica L.), their proteins, peptides, and their potential impact on human health. The UniProt database was used to identify the chia proteins and their amino acid sequences. The BIOPEP database was used to analyze the peptides's bioactive potential. A total of 20 proteins were cataloged in chia seed, 12 of those were involved in the regular metabolic processes of the plant cells. However, eight proteins were specifically related to production and storage of plant lipids, thus explaining the high concentration of lipids in chia seeds (around 30%), especially omega-3 fatty acids (around 20%). The analyses of amino acid sequences showed peptides with bioactive potential, including dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and antioxidant capacity. These results correlated with the main health benefits of whole chia seed in humans such as antioxidant capacity, and hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and anticholesterolemic effects. Such relation can be associated with chia protein and peptide compositions and therefore needs further investigation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grancieri
- Dept. de Nutrição e Saúde, Univ. Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.,Dept. of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, U.S.A
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20
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Santos-López JA, Garcimartín A, Bastida S, Bautista-Ávila M, González-Muñoz MJ, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Lipoprotein Profile in Aged Rats Fed Chia Oil- or Hydroxytyrosol-Enriched Pork in High Cholesterol/High Saturated Fat Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1830. [PMID: 30486328 PMCID: PMC6316572 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Restructuring pork (RP) by adding new functional ingredients, like Chia oil (one of the richest natural source of α-linolenic acid) or hydroxytyrosol (HxT) (potent antioxidant), both with hypolipidemic activities, is one of the strategies that may help to reduce the potential negative effects of high meat products consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Chia oil- or HxT-enriched-RP effect on the lipoprotein profile of aged rats fed high-fat, high-energy, and cholesterol-enriched diets. RP samples were prepared by mixing lean pork and lard with or without Chia oil (152.2 g/kg fresh matter) or HxT (3.6 g/kg fresh matter). Diets were prepared by mixing a semisynthetic diet with freeze-dried RP. Groups of 1-year male Wistar rats were fed the following experimental diets for 8 weeks: C, control-RP diet; HC, cholesterol-enriched-RP diet; and Chia oil-RP (CHIA) and HxT, Chia oil- or hydroxytyrosol-RP, cholesterol-enriched diet. Plasma lipid, lipoprotein profile, SREBP-1c protein, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) receptor gene (Ldlr) expressions were evaluated. Compared to C diet, the HC diet increased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, total lipids, and SREBP-1c expression, but reduced Ldlr expression and significantly modified the lipoprotein profile, giving rise to the presence of high levels of atherogenic cholesterol-enriched very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles. Compared to the HC diet, the HxT diet did not produce significant changes in feed intake but it reduced the body weight. Chia oil and HxT partially arrested the negative effects of the high-fat, high-energy, and cholesterol-enriched meat-based diets on lipemia and lipoproteinemia, mostly by reducing the amount of cholesterol content in VLDL (60% and 74% less in CHIA and HxT vs. HC, respectively) and the VLDL total mass (59% and 63% less in CHIA and HxT vs. HC, respectively). Free fatty acids (FFA) significantly correlated with adipose tissue weight and VLDL total mass (both p < 0.05), and plasma triglycerides, phospholipids, total lipids, and SREBP-1c (all p < 0.001), suggesting the important role of FFA in lipoprotein metabolism. Results support the recommendation to include these ingredients in pork products addressed to reduce the presence of increased atherogenic particles in aged people at CVD risk consuming large amounts of pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arturo Santos-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Bastida
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mirandeli Bautista-Ávila
- Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex Hacienda la Concepción s/n, Ctra. Pachuca-Tilcuautla, Hidalgo 42060, Mexico.
| | - María José González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad Docente de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km, 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Juana Benedí
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Selenscig D, Ferreira MDR, Chicco A, Lombardo YB. Dietary fish oil ameliorates adipose tissue dysfunction in insulin-resistant rats fed a sucrose-rich diet improving oxidative stress, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and uncoupling protein 2. Food Funct 2018; 9:2496-2507. [PMID: 29645025 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to assess the possible beneficial effects of dietary fish oil (FO) on the pre-existing adipose tissue dysfunction through the improvement or reversion of the mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in dyslipemic insulin-resistant rats. Wistar rats were fed a sucrose rich diet (SRD) for 6 months. After that half of the animals continued with the SRD until month 8 while in the other half corn oil was replaced by FO for 2 months (SRD + FO). A reference group consumed a control diet all the time. In an epididymal fat pad, we analyzed antioxidant and oxidant enzyme activities, ROS content, glutathione redox state, the protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the expression and protein levels of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) as well as oxidative stress biomarkers and TNF-α and IL-6 plasma levels. Besides these, insulin sensitivity and the composition of fatty acid phospholipids of adipose tissue were measured. Compared with the SRD the SRD + FO fed group showed a decrease of fat pad weight and the antioxidant and oxidant enzyme activities and ROS content returned to control values along with normal plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels. FO normalized both the decrease of PPARγ protein and the increase of protein and expression of UCP2. Furthermore, FO increased the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio in the adipose tissue phospholipids and normalized dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Finally, these findings reinforce the view that dietary FO may exert a beneficial effect in ameliorating the dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Selenscig
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242 (3000) Santa Fe and (CONICET) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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22
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Dietary soya protein improves intra-myocardial lipid deposition and altered glucose metabolism in a hypertensive, dyslipidaemic, insulin-resistant rat model. Br J Nutr 2017; 119:131-142. [PMID: 29268800 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700321x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of replacing dietary casein by soya protein on the underlying mechanisms involved in the impaired metabolic fate of glucose and lipid metabolisms in the heart of dyslipidaemic rats chronically fed (8 months) a sucrose-rich (62·5 %) diet (SRD). To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were fed an SRD for 4 months. From months 4 to 8, half the animals continued with the SRD and the other half were fed an SRD in which casein was substituted by soya. The control group received a diet with maize starch as the carbohydrate source. Compared with the SRD-fed group, the following results were obtained. First, soya protein significantly (P<0·001) reduced the plasma NEFA levels and normalised dyslipidaemia and glucose homoeostasis, improving insulin resistance. The protein levels of fatty acid translocase at basal state and under insulin stimulation and the protein levels and activity of muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were normalised. Second, a significant (P<0·001) reduction of TAG, long-chain acyl CoA and diacylglycerol levels was observed in the heart muscle. Third, soya protein significantly increased (P<0·01) GLUT4 protein level under insulin stimulation and normalised glucose phosphorylation and oxidation. A reduction of phosphorylated AMP protein kinase protein level was recorded without changes in uncoupling protein 2 and PPARα. Fourth, hydroxyproline concentration decreased in the left ventricle and hypertension was normalised. The new information provided shows the beneficial effects of soya protein upon the altered pathways of glucose and lipid metabolism in the heart muscle of this rat model.
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23
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Russell J, Du Toit EF, Peart JN, Patel HH, Headrick JP. Myocyte membrane and microdomain modifications in diabetes: determinants of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:155. [PMID: 29202762 PMCID: PMC5716308 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, predominantly ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the leading cause of death in diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to eliciting cardiomyopathy, DM induces a ‘wicked triumvirate’: (i) increasing the risk and incidence of IHD and myocardial ischemia; (ii) decreasing myocardial tolerance to ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury; and (iii) inhibiting or eliminating responses to cardioprotective stimuli. Changes in ischemic tolerance and cardioprotective signaling may contribute to substantially higher mortality and morbidity following ischemic insult in DM patients. Among the diverse mechanisms implicated in diabetic impairment of ischemic tolerance and cardioprotection, changes in sarcolemmal makeup may play an overarching role and are considered in detail in the current review. Observations predominantly in animal models reveal DM-dependent changes in membrane lipid composition (cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation, fatty acid saturation vs. reduced desaturation, phospholipid remodeling) that contribute to modulation of caveolar domains, gap junctions and T-tubules. These modifications influence sarcolemmal biophysical properties, receptor and phospholipid signaling, ion channel and transporter functions, contributing to contractile and electrophysiological dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, ischemic intolerance and suppression of protective signaling. A better understanding of these sarcolemmal abnormalities in types I and II DM (T1DM, T2DM) can inform approaches to limiting cardiomyopathy, associated IHD and their consequences. Key knowledge gaps include details of sarcolemmal changes in models of T2DM, temporal patterns of lipid, microdomain and T-tubule changes during disease development, and the precise impacts of these diverse sarcolemmal modifications. Importantly, exercise, dietary, pharmacological and gene approaches have potential for improving sarcolemmal makeup, and thus myocyte function and stress-resistance in this ubiquitous metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Russell
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4217, Australia.
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24
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Putakala M, Gujjala S, Nukala S, Bongu SBR, Chintakunta N, Desireddy S. Cardioprotective effect of Phyllanthus amarus against high fructose diet induced myocardial and aortic stress in rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1359-1368. [PMID: 28946183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased number of population with heart stroke/attack is attributed to sedentary lifestyle and consumption of high-sugar diets, especially fructose. The objective of this study is to investigate the cardio-protective activity of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus (PAAE) against high-fructose (HF) diet induced cardiac damage in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups of six animals each: Control (C), Control treated with PAAE (C+PAAE), High fructose diet fed (F), High fructose diet fed treated with PAAE (F+PAAE) and High fructose diet fed treated with Pioglitazone (F+Pio). PAAE was orally administered at a dosage of 200mg/kg body weight/day to C+PAAE and F+PAAE group rats for 60days. Pioglitazone (10mg/kg body weight/day) was used to compare the efficacy of PAAE. After 60days, heart and aorta samples were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. Co-administration of PAAE along with HF-diet for 60days prevented the increase in levels of cardiac and aortic lipids i.e., total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol and free fatty acids and decreased phospholipids. Further, enhanced activities of cardiac aldose reductase (15.3%) and sorbital dehydrogenase (6.9%) and decreased activity of creatine kinase (35.6%) in group-F were also prevented by PAAE treatment with the recovery of 126% for AR, 122% for SDH and 118% for CK. PAAE treatment showed protection from HF-diet induced increase in stress markers (LPO and PO), decreased non-enzymatic (GSH and Vit-C) and enzymatic (GR, GPx, GST, SOD, and CAT) antioxidants in the heart and aorta. Histopathological examination of the heart and aorta indicated that PAAE/Pio treatment reduced fat deposition and necrosis. The present study clearly indicates the cardio protection efficacy of PAAE against HF-diet induced oxidative stress in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallaiah Putakala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
| | - Sudhakara Gujjala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
| | - Srinivasulu Nukala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
| | - Sasi Bhusana Rao Bongu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
| | - Nagaraju Chintakunta
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
| | - Saralakumari Desireddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India.
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25
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Creus A, Benmelej A, Villafañe N, Lombardo YB. Dietary Salba (Salvia hispanica L) improves the altered metabolic fate of glucose and reduces increased collagen deposition in the heart of insulin-resistant rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 121:30-39. [PMID: 28651695 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the effects of dietary Salba (chia) seeds on the mechanisms underlying impaired glucose metabolism in the heart of dyslipemic insulin-resistant rats fed a sucrose-rich diet (SRD). Wistar rats were fed a SRD for 3 months. Afterwards, half the animals continued with the SRD; in the other half's diet chia seeds replaced corn oil (CO) for three months (SRD+chia). In the control group, corn starch replaced sucrose. The replacement of CO by chia seeds in the SRD restored the activities of key enzymes involved in heart glucose metabolism decreasing fatty acid oxidation. Chia seeds normalized insulin stimulated GLUT-4 transporter, the abundance of IRS-1 and pAMPK, changed the profile of fatty acid phospholipids, reduced left-ventricle collagen deposition and normalized hypertension and dyslipidemia. New evidence is provided concerning the effects of dietary chia seeds in improving the altered metabolic fate of glucose in the heart of dyslipemic insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Creus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria El Pozo cc 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Adriana Benmelej
- Department of Morphology, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria El Pozo cc 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Noelia Villafañe
- Department of Morphology, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria El Pozo cc 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Yolanda B Lombardo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria El Pozo cc 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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26
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Barbeau PA, Holloway TM, Whitfield J, Baechler BL, Quadrilatero J, van Loon LJC, Chabowski A, Holloway GP. α-Linolenic acid and exercise training independently, and additively, decrease blood pressure and prevent diastolic dysfunction in obese Zucker rats. J Physiol 2017; 595:4351-4364. [PMID: 28345766 DOI: 10.1113/jp274036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS α-linolenic acid (ALA) and exercise training both attenuate hyperlipidaemia-related cardiovascular derangements, however, there is a paucity of information pertaining to their mechanisms of action when combined. We investigated both the independent and combined effects of exercise training and ALA consumption in obese Zucker rats, aiming to determine the potential for additive improvements in cardiovascular function. ALA and exercise training independently improved cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, left ventricular fibrosis and mean blood pressure following a 4 week intervention. Combining ALA and endurance exercise yielded greater improvements in these parameters, independent of changes in markers of oxidative stress or endogenous anti-oxidants. We postulate that divergent mechanisms of action may explain these changes: ALA increases peripheral vasodilation, and exercise training stimulates angiogenesis. ABSTRACT Although α-linolenic acid (ALA) and endurance exercise training independently attenuate hyperlipidaemia-related cardiovascular derangements, there is a paucity of information pertaining to their mechanisms of action and efficacy when combined as a preventative therapeutic approach. Therefore, we used obese Zucker rats to investigate the independent and combined effects of these interventions on cardiovascular disease. Specifically, animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control diet-sedentary, ALA supplemented-sedentary, control diet-exercise trained or ALA supplemented-exercise trained. Following a 4 week intervention, although the independent and combined effects of ALA and exercise reduced (P < 0.05) the serum free/esterified cholesterol ratio, only the ALA supplemented-exercise trained animals displayed a reduction in the content of both serum free and esterified cholesterol. Moreover, although ALA and endurance training individually increased cardiac output, stroke volume and end-diastolic volume, as well as reduced left ventricle fibrosis, mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance, these responses were all greater following the combined intervention (ALA supplemented-exercise trained). These effects occurred independent of changes in oxidative phosphorylation proteins, markers of oxidative stress or endogenous anti-oxidant capacity. We propose that the beneficial effects of a combined intervention occur as a result of divergent mechanisms of action elicited by ALA and endurance exercise because only exercise training increased the capillary content in the left ventricle and skeletal muscle, and tended to decrease protein carbonylation in the left ventricle (P = 0.06). Taken together, our data indicate that combining ALA and endurance exercise provides additional improvements in cardiovascular disease risk reduction compared to singular interventions in the obese Zucker rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Andre Barbeau
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya M Holloway
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Whitfield
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany L Baechler
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Santos-López JA, Garcimartín A, López-Oliva ME, Bautista-Ávila M, González-Muñoz MJ, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Chia Oil-Enriched Restructured Pork Effects on Oxidative and Inflammatory Status of Aged Rats Fed High Cholesterol/High Fat Diets. J Med Food 2017; 20:526-534. [PMID: 28294699 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chia oil has the highest recognized α-linolenic acid (ALA) content. ALA is associated with beneficial changes in plasma lipids and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Present article aims to analyze the effect of Chia oil-enriched restructured pork (RP) on aged rats in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. Groups of six male Wistar rats (1-year old) were fed the experimental diets: control RP diet (C) noncholesterol high saturated; cholesterol-enriched high-saturated fat/high-cholesterol control RP diet (HC) with added cholesterol and cholic acid; and Chia oil- or Hydroxytyrosol RP cholesterol-enriched high-saturated fat/high cholesterol (CHIA and HxT). Total cholesterol, hepatosomatic index, Nrf2, antioxidant, and inflammation markers were determined. CHIA reduced the hypercholesterolemic effect by lowering levels similar to C; also, ameliorated redox index. CHIA, despite high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content, reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and induced the lowest SOD protein synthesis but not a reduction on its activity. Chia oil activated the Nrf2 to arrest the pro-oxidative response to cholesterol and aging. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system was lower in HxT than in CHIA, suggesting its antiatherogenic activity and related protective effect against high PUFA. Increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was partially blocked by CHIA. Chia oil has the ability to prevent oxidative damage and modify the inflammatory response, suggesting adequate regulation of the antioxidant system. Results stress the importance of incorporating ALA into the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- 2 Nutrition and Food Science Department I (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- 3 Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María José González-Muñoz
- 5 Biomedical Sciences Department, Toxicology Teaching Unit, Pharmacy School, Alcala University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- 2 Nutrition and Food Science Department I (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- 1 Pharmacology Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sánchez-Muniz
- 2 Nutrition and Food Science Department I (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Fortino MA, Oliva ME, Rodriguez S, Lombardo YB, Chicco A. Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 116:19-26. [PMID: 28088290 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. At weaning, chia seed (rich in α-linolenic acid) replaced corn oil (rich in linoleic acid) in the SRD. At 150 days of offspring life, anthropometrical parameters, blood pressure, plasma metabolites, hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis were analyzed. Results showed that chia was able to prevent the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fortino
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M E Oliva
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - S Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Y B Lombardo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Chicco
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, El Pozo, CC 242, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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