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Ansari MM, Bisht N, Singh T, Chauhan PS. Symphony of survival: Insights into cross-talk mechanisms in plants, bacteria, and fungi for strengthening plant immune responses. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127762. [PMID: 38763015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Plants coexist with a diverse array of microorganisms, predominantly bacteria and fungi, in both natural and agricultural environments. While some microorganisms positively influence plant development and yield, others can cause harm to the host, leading to significant adverse impacts on the environment and the economy. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), including plant growth-promoting bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), and rhizobia, have been found to increase plant biomass production by synthesizing hormones, fixing nitrogen, and solubilizing phosphate and potassium. Numerous studies have contributed to unraveling the complex process of plant-microbe interactions in recent decades. In light of the increasing global challenges such as population growth, climate change, and resource scarcity, it has become imperative to explore the potential of plant-bacteria-fungi crosstalk in promoting sustainability. This review aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps, providing a roadmap for future research in this dynamic field by synthesizing current knowledge and identifying emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mogees Ansari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nikita Bisht
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Tanya Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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2
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Yang H, Wu X, Sun C, Wang L. Unraveling the metabolic potential of biocontrol fungi through omics data: a key to enhancing large-scaleapplication strategies. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:825-832. [PMID: 38686460 PMCID: PMC11214957 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological control of pests and pathogens has attracted much attention due to its green, safe and effective characteristics. However, it faces the dilemma of insignificant effects in large-scale applications. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the metabolic potential of biocontrol fungi based on big omics data is crucial for a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the specific modes of action operated by various biocontrol fungi. This article analyzes the preferences for extracellular carbon and nitrogen source degradation, secondary metabolites (nonribosomal peptides, polyketide synthases) and their product characteristics and the conversion relationship between extracellular primary metabolism and intracellular secondary metabolism for eight different filamentous fungi with characteristics appropriate for the biological control of bacterial pathogens and phytopathogenic nematodes. Further clarification is provided that Paecilomyces lilacinus, encoding a large number of hydrolase enzymes capable of degrading pathogen protection barrier, can be directly applied in the field as a predatory biocontrol fungus, whereas Trichoderma, as an antibiosis-active biocontrol control fungus, can form dominant strains on preferred substrates and produce a large number of secondary metabolites to achieve antibacterial effects. By clarifying the levels of biological control achievable by different biocontrol fungi, we provide a theoretical foundation for their application to cropping habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyInstitute of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Xiuyun Wu
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyInstitute of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyInstitute of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Lushan Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyInstitute of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
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3
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Karunarathna SC, Patabendige NM, Lu W, Asad S, Hapuarachchi KK. An In-Depth Study of Phytopathogenic Ganoderma: Pathogenicity, Advanced Detection Techniques, Control Strategies, and Sustainable Management. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:414. [PMID: 38921400 PMCID: PMC11204718 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic Ganoderma species pose a significant threat to global plant health, resulting in estimated annual economic losses exceeding USD (US Dollars) 68 billion in the agriculture and forestry sectors worldwide. To combat this pervasive menace effectively, a comprehensive understanding of the biology, ecology, and plant infection mechanisms of these pathogens is imperative. This comprehensive review critically examines various aspects of Ganoderma spp., including their intricate life cycle, their disease mechanisms, and the multifaceted environmental factors influencing their spread. Recent studies have quantified the economic impact of Ganoderma infections, revealing staggering yield losses ranging from 20% to 80% across various crops. In particular, oil palm plantations suffer devastating losses, with an estimated annual reduction in yield exceeding 50 million metric tons. Moreover, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between Ganoderma and host plants, delineating the pathogen's colonization strategies and its elicitation of intricate plant defense responses. This comprehensive analysis underscores the imperative for adopting an integrated approach to Ganoderma disease management. By synergistically harnessing cultural practices, biological control, and chemical treatments and by deploying resistant plant varieties, substantial strides can be made in mitigating Ganoderma infestations. Furthermore, a collaborative effort involving scientists, breeders, and growers is paramount in the development and implementation of sustainable strategies against this pernicious plant pathogen. Through rigorous scientific inquiry and evidence-based practices, we can strive towards safeguarding global plant health and mitigating the dire economic consequences inflicted by Ganoderma infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China;
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantane Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Wenhua Lu
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Suhail Asad
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Pu’er University, Pu’er 665000, China;
| | - Kalani K. Hapuarachchi
- College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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4
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Kredics L, Büchner R, Balázs D, Allaga H, Kedves O, Racić G, Varga A, Nagy VD, Vágvölgyi C, Sipos G. Recent advances in the use of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbial inoculants for pathogen control and plant growth promotion. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:162. [PMID: 38613584 PMCID: PMC11015995 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides and fertilizers are used in agricultural production worldwide to prevent damage from plant pathogenic microorganisms, insects, and nematodes, to minimize crop losses and to preserve crop quality. However, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers can severely pollute soil, water, and air, posing risks to the environment and human health. Consequently, developing new, alternative, environment-friendly microbial soil treatment interventions for plant protection and crop yield increase has become indispensable. Members of the filamentous fungal genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales) have long been known as efficient antagonists of plant pathogenic microorganisms based on various beneficial traits and abilities of these fungi. This minireview aims to discuss the advances in the field of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbiological inoculants based on recent experimental updates. Trichoderma strains can be combined with each other, with other fungi and/or with beneficial bacteria. The development and field performance of such inoculants will be addressed, focusing on the complementarity, synergy, and compatibility of their microbial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
| | - Rita Büchner
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Dóra Balázs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Henrietta Allaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kedves
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Gordana Racić
- Faculty of Ecological Agriculture, Educons University, Vojvode Putnika 87, Sremska Kamenica, 21208, Serbia
| | - András Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Viktor Dávid Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - György Sipos
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Forest and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, 9400, Hungary
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Stummer BE, Zhang X, Moghaddam MJ, Yang H, Harvey PR. Wheat rhizosphere dynamics of Trichoderma gamsii A5MH and suppression of a Pythium root rot-Fusarium crown rot disease complex over two consecutive cropping seasons. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae069. [PMID: 38503567 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Determine the wheat rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma gamsii strain A5MH and in planta suppression of the Pythium root and Fusarium crown rot pathogens Globisporangium irregulare and Fusarium pseudograminearum. METHODS AND RESULTS Wheat was continuously cropped (eight years) at a minimum tillage, low growing season rainfall (GSR ≤ 170 mm) site shown as highly conducive to Pythium root and Fusarium crown rots. Root isolation frequency (RIF) and qPCR were used to determine the rhizosphere dynamics of strain A5MH and the target pathogens at tillering, grain harvest, and in postharvest stubble over the final 2 years. Strain A5MH actively colonized the wheat rhizosphere throughout both growing seasons, had high root abundance at harvest [log 4.5 genome copies (GC) g-1] and persisted in standing stubble for at least 293-d postinoculation. Globisporangium irregulare was most abundant in roots at tillering, whereas F. pseudograminearum was only abundant at harvest and up to 9-fold greater in the drier, second year (GSR 105 mm). Strain A5MH decreased RIF of both pathogens by up to 40%, root abundance of G. irregulare by 100-fold, and F. pseudogaminearum by 700-fold, but was ineffective against crown rot in the second year when pathogen abundance was >log 6.0 GC g-1 root. Strain A5MH increased crop emergence and tillering biomass by up to 40%. CONCLUSIONS Further trials are required to determine if the A5MH-induced pathogen suppression translates to yield improvements in higher rainfall regions where non-cereal rotations reduce crown rot inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103 Shandong, China
| | | | - Hetong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103 Shandong, China
| | - Paul R Harvey
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103 Shandong, China
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Guzmán-Guzmán P, Valencia-Cantero E, Santoyo G. Plant growth-promoting bacteria potentiate antifungal and plant-beneficial responses of Trichoderma atroviride by upregulating its effector functions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301139. [PMID: 38517906 PMCID: PMC10959389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma uses different molecules to establish communication during its interactions with other organisms, such as effector proteins. Effectors modulate plant physiology to colonize plant roots or improve Trichoderma's mycoparasitic capacity. In the soil, these fungi can establish relationships with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs), thus affecting their overall benefits on the plant or its fungal prey, and possibly, the role of effector proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the induction of Trichoderma atroviride gene expression coding for effector proteins during the interaction with different PGPBs, Arabidopsis or the phytopathogen Fusarium brachygibbosum, and to determine whether PGPBs potentiates the beneficial effects of T. atroviride. During the interaction with F. brachygibbosum and PGPBs, the effector coding genes epl1, tatrx2 and tacfem1 increased their expression, especially during the consortia with the bacteria. During the interaction of T. atroviride with the plant and PGPBs, the expression of epl1 and tatrx2 increased, mainly with the consortium formed with Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270, Bacillus velezensis AF12, or B. halotolerans AF23. Additionally, the consortium formed by T. atroviride and R. badensis SER3 stimulated A. thaliana PR1:GUS and LOX2:GUS for SA- and JA-mediated defence responses. Finally, the consortium of T. atroviride with SER3 was better at inhibiting pathogen growth, but the consortium of T. atroviride with UM270 was better at promoting Arabidopsis growth. These results showed that the biocontrol capacity and plant growth-promoting traits of Trichoderma spp. can be potentiated by PGPBs by stimulating its effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Guzmán-Guzmán
- Institute of Chemical and Biological Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Eduardo Valencia-Cantero
- Institute of Chemical and Biological Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Institute of Chemical and Biological Research, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Speckbacher V, Flatschacher D, Martini-Lösch N, Ulbrich L, Baldin C, Bauer I, Ruzsanyi V, Zeilinger S. The histone deacetylase Hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Trichoderma atroviride. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0309723. [PMID: 38334386 PMCID: PMC10913545 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03097-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride is applied in agriculture as a biostimulant and biologic control agent against fungal pathogens that infest crop plants. Secondary metabolites are among the main agents determining the strength and progress of the mycoparasitic attack. However, expression of most secondary metabolism-associated genes requires specific cues, as they are silent under routine laboratory conditions due to their maintenance in an inactive heterochromatin state. Therefore, histone modifications are crucial for the regulation of secondary metabolism. Here, we functionally investigated the role of the class II histone deacetylase encoding gene hda1 of T. atroviride by targeted gene deletion, phenotypic characterization, and multi-omics approaches. Deletion of hda1 did not result in obvious phenotypic alterations but led to an enhanced inhibitory activity of secreted metabolites and reduced mycoparasitic abilities of T. atroviride against the plant-pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani. The ∆hda1 mutants emitted altered amounts of four volatile organic compounds along their development, produced different metabolite profiles upon growth in liquid culture, and showed a higher susceptibility to oxidative and osmotic stress. Moreover, hda1 deletion affected the expression of several notable gene categories such as polyketide synthases, transcription factors, and genes involved in the HOG MAPK pathway.IMPORTANCEHistone deacetylases play crucial roles in regulating chromatin structure and gene transcription. To date, classical-Zn2+ dependent-fungal histone deacetylases are divided into two classes, of which each comprises orthologues of the two sub-groups Rpd3 and Hos2 and Hda1 and Hos3 of yeast, respectively. However, the role of these chromatin remodelers in mycoparasitic fungi is poorly understood. In this study, we provide evidence that Hda1, the class II histone deacetylases of the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride, regulates its mycoparasitic activity, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance. The function of Hda1 in regulating bioactive metabolite production and mycoparasitism reveals the importance of chromatin-dependent regulation in the ability of T. atroviride to successfully control fungal plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Ulbrich
- Umweltmonitoring und Forensische Chemie, Hochschule Hamm-Lippstadt, Hamm, Germany
| | - Clara Baldin
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingo Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Susanne Zeilinger
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Elshahawy IE, Marrez DA. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma asperellum against Fusarium species, chemical profile and their efficacy for management of Fusarium-root rot disease in dry bean. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1153-1167. [PMID: 37874198 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases caused by Fusarium pathogens lead to significant yield losses on many economically important crops. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic capability and chemical profile of the bioagent Trichoderma asperellum against several Fusarium strains. The efficacy of this strain in reducing Fusarium-root rot disease in dry bean was also examined. RESULTS The T. asperellum strain was identified based on sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and tef1 gen regions of ribosomal DNA. Dual cultural assay demonstrated their antagonistic activity against the studied Fusarium strains due to the probable combination of competition, mycoparasitism and antibiosis. This strain was positive for cellulase, chitinase and protease activity. The crude extracts of T. asperellum significantly suppressed the growth of the tested Fusarium strains with inhibition zone values ranging from 7.3 to 19.7 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.15 to 1.42 mg mL-1 . The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of cell free supernatant and mycelial biomass of T. asperellum showed the presence of 27 and 21 compounds, respectively. The main compounds responsible for the bioactivity were butylated hydroxytoluene, hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, ergosterol and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester. Trichoderma asperellum significantly increased plant emergence and reduced root rot caused by Fusarium solani in dry bean grown under glasshouse and field trials. Further, plant biomass and dry bean yield were higher in T. asperellum-treated plants than in control plants. CONCLUSION Trichoderma asperellum was highly effective, through various mechanisms, against Fusarium strains especially F. solani which causes root rot in dry bean. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diaa Attia Marrez
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Benigno A, Aglietti C, Cacciola SO, Moricca S. Trunk Injection Delivery of Biocontrol Strains of Trichoderma spp. Effectively Suppresses Nut Rot by Gnomoniopsis castaneae in Chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.). BIOLOGY 2024; 13:143. [PMID: 38534412 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Gnomoniopsis castaneae is responsible for brown or chalky nut rot in sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), causing heavy reductions in nut production. Controlling it is challenging, due to its inconspicuous infections, erratic colonization of host tissues and endophytic lifestyle. Fungicides are not applicable because they are prohibited in chestnut forests and strongly discouraged in fruit chestnut groves. Trichoderma species are safe and wide-spectrum biocontrol agents (BCAs), with a variety of beneficial effects in plant protection. This study tested selected strains of T. viride, T. harzianum and T. atroviride for their ability to suppress G. castaneae. Field experiments were conducted in four chestnut groves (two test plots plus two controls) at two sites with a different microclimate. As the size of the trees were a major drawback for uniform and effective treatments, the Trichoderma strains were delivered directly by trunk injection, using the BITE® (Blade for Infusion in TrEes) endotherapic tool. The BCA application, repeated twice in two subsequent years, significantly reduced nut rot incidence, with a more marked, presumably cumulative, effect in the second year. Our data showed the tested Trichoderma strains retain great potential for the biological control of G. castaneae in chestnut groves. The exploitation of Trichoderma spp. as biopesticides is a novelty in the forestry sector and proves the benefits of these microbes in plant disease protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Benigno
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Aglietti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Moricca
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
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10
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Zhao Y, Rodić N, Liaskos M, Assimopoulou AN, Lalaymia I, Declerck S. Effects of fungal endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Echium vulgare and alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives production in roots. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1607-1615. [PMID: 38341266 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to stimulate plant growth and production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Here, 10 endophytic fungi isolated from roots of wild Alkanna tinctoria plants and 5 AMF purchased from the Glomeromycota in vitro collection were evaluated, during two successive three-month greenhouse experiments, on the growth of Echium vulgare and alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives (A/Sd) production in the roots. Some of the endophytic fungi tested significantly increased plant growth parameters as compared to the control: Cladosporium allicinum, Cadophora sp., Clonostachys sp., Trichoderma hispanicum and Leptosphaeria ladina increased root volume, Plectosphaerella sp. And T. hispanicum root fresh weight and root water retention and T. hispanicum plant water retention. However, none of these fungi impacted A/Sd production. Conversely, none of the AMF strains tested impacted plant growth parameters, but those inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices MUCL 49410 had a significantly higher concentration of alkannin/shikonin (A/S), acetyl-A/S, β,β- dimethylacryl-A/S, isovaleryl-A/S and total A/Sd, compared to the control plants. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the production of A/Sd in plants associated to specific endophytic fungi/AMF and on the cultivation conditions required for optimal production of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix Du Sud 2, Box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nebojša Rodić
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh, Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Liaskos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreana N Assimopoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of AUTh, Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ismahen Lalaymia
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix Du Sud 2, Box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix Du Sud 2, Box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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11
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Kaushik V, Khanna R, Khanna V, Varma M. Diagnostic insights into disseminated histoplasmosis: a case report highlighting bone marrow analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 16:155-158. [PMID: 38682069 PMCID: PMC11055445 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We present a case of a 43-year-old immunocompromised female patient diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis on bone marrow examination, at clinical laboratory of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India. The patient, presenting with symptoms like weight loss, appetite loss, and pancytopenia, underwent bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The bone marrow studies revealed HIV-associated changes and the yeast form of Histoplasma capsulatum, confirming disseminated histoplasmosis. Bone marrow examination is highlighted as a diagnostic tool with significant sensitivity in such cases. The report stresses on the importance of awareness and early diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients, given its potential lethality and the need for timely therapeutic intervention for better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaanya Kaushik
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchee Khanna
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Muralidhar Varma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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12
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Ferreira NCDF, Ramos MLG, Gatto A. Use of Trichoderma in the Production of Forest Seedlings. Microorganisms 2024; 12:237. [PMID: 38399641 PMCID: PMC10893047 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Forest production has great relevance in the Brazilian economy, characterized by several production sectors, including the production of seedlings. With the focus on maximizing the capacity of survival, development, and adaptation of seedlings, Trichoderma is highlighted as a potentially useful genus of microorganisms for promoting growth and higher product quality. In this sense, this review aims to describe the main mechanisms of fungi action in forest seedlings' production. The different species of the genus Trichoderma have specific mechanisms of action, and the current scenario points to more advances in the number of species. The interaction process mediated by different mechanisms of action begins in the communication with plants, from the colonization process. After the interaction, chemical dialogues allow the plant to develop better because, from colonization, the forest seedlings can maximize height and increase shoot and root development. Fungi promote solubilization and availability of nutrients to seedlings, which show numerous benefits to the development. The use of beneficial microorganisms, such as fungi of the genus Trichoderma, has become a sustainable strategy to enhance seedling development, reducing the use of agrochemicals and industrial fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alcides Gatto
- Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
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13
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Yang H, Cui S, Wei Y, Li H, Hu J, Yang K, Wu Y, Zhao Z, Li J, Wang Y, Yang H. Antagonistic effects of Talaromyces muroii TM28 against Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1292885. [PMID: 38235437 PMCID: PMC10791928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1292885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum is a serious threat to wheat production worldwide. This study aimed to assess the effects of Talaromyces muroii strain TM28 isolated from root of Panax quinquefolius against F. pseudograminearum. The strain of TM28 inhibited mycelial growth of F. pseudograminearum by 87.8% at 72 h, its cell free fermentation filtrate had a strong antagonistic effect on mycelial growth and conidial germination of F. pseudograminearum by destroying the integrity of the cell membrane. In the greenhouse, TM28 significantly increased wheat fresh weight and height in the presence of pathogen Fp, it enhanced the antioxidant defense activity and ameliorated the negative effects of F. pseudograminearum, including disease severity and pathogen abundance in the rhizosphere soil, root and stem base of wheat. RNA-seq of F. pseudograminearum under TM28 antagonistic revealed 2,823 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most DEGs related to cell wall and cell membrane synthesis were significantly downregulated, the culture filtrate of TM28 affected the pathways of fatty acid synthesis, steroid synthesis, glycolysis, and the citrate acid cycle. T. muroii TM28 appears to have significant potential in controlling wheat Fusarium crown rot caused by F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanli Wei
- Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jishun Li
- Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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14
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Yu J, Kong L, Fan S, Li M, Li J. Genomic Characterization of the Mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. Strain cr013 from Cronartium ribicola. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:433-442. [PMID: 38095159 PMCID: PMC10725163 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pestalotiopsis sp. strain cr013 is a mycoparasite of Cronartium ribicola, a potential biocontrol fungus for Armand pine (Pinus armandii) blister rust. A previous study showed that the strain cr013 has great potential to produce new compounds. However, there has been no report of the whole-genome sequence of the mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. In this study, the BGISEQ-500 and Oxford Nanopore GridION X5 sequencing platforms were used to sequence the strain cr013 isolates and assemble the reads to obtain the complete genome. We first report the whole-genome information of the mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. strain cr013 (GenBank accession number: JACFXT010000000, BioProject ID: PRJNA647543, BioSample ID: SAMN15589943), and the genomic components and gene functions related to the mycoparasitism process were analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the lifestyle strategy of the mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. and reveals the mechanisms underlying secondary metabolite diversity in the strain cr013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinde Yu
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Kong
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shichang Fan
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjiao Li
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Wei L, Fan L, Yang C, Jin M, Osei R. Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Produced by Bacillus mojavensis ZA1 and Their Antagonistic Effect on Colletotrichum coccodes by GC-MS. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04771-9. [PMID: 37982968 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The plant disease Colletotrichum coccodes, which lowers potato yields, poses a severe danger to the booming potato industry. Isolated plant endophytic bacteria from highland pasture can produce a variety of metabolites that lessen the risk that the pathogen C. coccodes poses to plant growth and development. Therefore, the objective of our work was to assess substances with antipathogenic properties made by the endophytic bacteria Bacillus mojavensis ZA1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used in our investigation to accomplish a thorough structural elucidation of the antipathogenic compounds produced by the endophytic bacterial strain B. mojavensis ZA1. The results showed that the metabolites extracted from ethyl acetate as an extractant were the most effective in inhibiting the pathogen C. coccodes, with 60.95% inhibition. Thirty-five distinct chemicals, including acids, esters, ketones, alcohols, amino acid ammonium salts, cyclic ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic compounds, were among the metabolites that may inhibit C. coccodes. Further analysis of the chemical groups in the compound structures revealed the potential of driving groups, such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, ester, benzene, carbon-carbon double bonds, and carbon rings, that prevent C. coccodes from performing its function. This study opens up new opportunities for plant protection programs by demonstrating that natural chemicals produced by B. mojavensis ZA1 can be used as candidates for cutting-edge plant disease management treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chengde Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Mengjun Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Richard Osei
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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16
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Aamir M, Shanmugam V, Dubey MK, Husain FM, Adil M, Ansari WA, Rai A, Sah P. Transcriptomic characterization of Trichoderma harzianum T34 primed tomato plants: assessment of biocontrol agent induced host specific gene expression and plant growth promotion. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:552. [PMID: 37940862 PMCID: PMC10631224 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the intricate interplay between Trichoderma and the tomato genome, focusing on the transcriptional and metabolic changes triggered during the late colonization event. Microarray probe set (GSE76332) was utilized to analyze the gene expression profiles changes of the un-inoculated control (tomato) and Trichoderma-tomato interactions for identification of the differentially expressed significant genes. Based on principal component analysis and R-based correlation, we observed a positive correlation between the two cross-comaparable groups, corroborating the existence of transcriptional responses in the host triggered by Trichoderma priming. The statistically significant genes based on different p-value cut-off scores [(padj-values or q-value); padj-value < 0.05], [(pcal-values); pcal-value < 0.05; pcal < 0.01; pcal < 0.001)] were cross compared. Through cross-comparison, we identified 156 common genes that were consistently significant across all probability thresholds, and showing a strong positive corelation between p-value and q-value in the selected probe sets. We reported TD2, CPT1, pectin synthase, EXT-3 (extensin-3), Lox C, and pyruvate kinase (PK), which exhibited upregulated expression, and Glb1 and nitrate reductase (nii), which demonstrated downregulated expression during Trichoderma-tomato interaction. In addition, microbial priming with Trichoderma resulted into differential expression of transcription factors related to systemic defense and flowering including MYB13, MYB78, ERF2, ERF3, ERF5, ERF-1B, NAC, MADS box, ZF3, ZAT10, A20/AN1, polyol sugar transporter like zinc finger proteins, and a novel plant defensin protein. The potential bottleneck and hub genes involved in this dynamic response were also identified. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis based on 25 topmost DEGS (pcal-value < 0.05) and the Weighted Correlation Gene Network Analysis (WGCNA) of the 1786 significant DEGs (pcal-value < 0.05) we reported the hits associated with carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and the nitrogen metabolism. We conclude that the Trichoderma-induced microbial priming re-programmed the host genome for transcriptional response during the late colonization event and were characterized by metabolic shifting and biochemical changes specific to plant growth and development. The work also highlights the relevance of statistical parameters in understanding the gene regulatory dynamics and complex regulatory networks based on differential expression, co-expression, and protein interaction networks orchestrating the host responses to beneficial microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aamir
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110012, Delhi, India.
| | - V Shanmugam
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110012, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adil
- Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N2R9, Canada
| | - Waquar Akhter Ansari
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Ashutosh Rai
- Department of Basic and Social Sciences, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Banda, 210001, India
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Applied Sciences Department, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Muscat, Al Janubyyah Street, PO Box 74, Muscat, 133, Sultanate of Oman
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17
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Kumar S, Chandra R, Behera L, Sudhir I, Meena M, Singh S, Keswani C. Microbial consortium mediated acceleration of the defense response in potato against Alternaria solani through prodigious inflation in phenylpropanoid derivatives and redox homeostasis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22148. [PMID: 38045140 PMCID: PMC10692827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out in a pot experiment to examine the bioefficacy of three biocontrol agents, viz., Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, either alone or in consortium, on plant growth promotion and activation of defense responses in potato against the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. The results demonstrate significant enhancement in growth parameters in plants bioprimed with the triple-microbe consortium compared to other treatments. In potato, the disease incidence percentage was significantly reduced in plants treated with the triple-microbe consortium compared to untreated control plants challenged with A. solani. Potato tubers treated with the consortium and challenged with pathogen showed significant activation of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase (PO) at 96 h after pathogen inoculation (hapi) while, both polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) at 72 hapi, compared to the individual and dual microbial consortia-treated plants. The expression of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were observed to be highest at 72 hapi in the triple microbe consortium as compared to other treatments. HPLC analysis revealed significant induction in polyphenolic compounds in triple-consortium bioprimed plants compared to the control at 72 hapi. Histochemical analysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) clearly showed maximum accumulation of H2O2 in pathogen-inoculated control plants, while the lowest was observed in triple-microbe consortium at 72 hapi. The findings of this study suggest that biopriming with a microbial consortium improved plant growth and triggered defense responses against A. solani through the induction of systemic resistance via modulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and antioxidative network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, B.M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Lopamudra Behera
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ichini Sudhir
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, University Collage of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Shailendra Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, 243123, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
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18
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Khan RAA, Najeeb S, Chen J, Wang R, Zhang J, Hou J, Liu T. Insights into the molecular mechanism of Trichoderma stimulating plant growth and immunity against phytopathogens. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14133. [PMID: 38148197 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma species have received significant interest as beneficial fungi for boosting plant growth and immunity against phytopathogens. By establishing a mutualistic relationship with plants, Trichoderma causes a series of intricate signaling events that eventually promote plant growth and improve disease resistance. The mechanisms contain the indirect or direct involvement of Trichoderma in enhancing plant growth by modulating phytohormones signaling pathways, improving uptake and accumulation of nutrients, and increasing soil bioavailability of nutrients. They contribute to plant resistance by stimulating systemic acquired resistance through salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene signaling. A cascade of signal transduction processes initiated by the interaction of Trichoderma and plants regulate the expression of defense-related genes, resulting in the synthesis of defense hormones and pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs), which collectively improve plant resistance. Additionally, advancements in omics technologies has led to the identification of key pathways, their regulating genes, and molecular interactions in the plant defense and growth promotion responses induced by Trichoderma. Deciphering the molecular mechanism behind Trichoderma's induction of plant defense and immunity is essential for harnessing the full plant beneficial potential of Trichoderma. This review article sheds light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the positive effects of Trichoderma-induced plant immunity and growth and opens new opportunities for developing environmentally friendly and innovative approaches to improve plant immunity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Asad Ali Khan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Saba Najeeb
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Jumei Hou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
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19
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Liu Z, Li Y, Hou J, Liu T. Transboundary milRNAs: Indispensable molecules in the process of Trichoderma breve T069 mycoparasitism of Botrytis cinerea. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105599. [PMID: 37945247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of fungal microRNA-like small RNAs (milRNAs) being identified and reported, profiling of milRNAs in biocontrol fungi and their roles in the mycoparasitism of pathogenic fungi remains limited. Therefore, in this study, we constructed a GFP fluorescence strain to evaluate the critical period of mycoparasitism in the interaction system between T. breve T069 and B. cinerea. The results showed that the early stage of Trichoderma mycoparasitism occurred 12 h after hyphal contact and was characterized by hyphal parallelism, whereas the middle stage lasted 36 h was characterized by wrapping. The late stage of mycoparasitism occurred at 72 h was characterized by the degradation of B. cinerea mycelia. We subsequently identified the sRNAs of T. breve T069 and B. cinerea during the critical period of mycoparasitism using high-throughput sequencing. In ltR1, 45 potential milRNA targets were identified for 243 genes, and 73 milRNAs targeted 733 genes in ltR3. Additionally, to identify potential transboundary miRNAs in T. breve T069, we screened for miRNAs that were exclusively expressed and had precursor structures in the T. breve T069 genome but were absent in the B. cinerea genome. Next, we predicted the target genes of B. cinerea. Our findings showed that 14 potential transboundary milRNAs from T. breve T069 targeted 41 genes in B. cinerea. Notably, cme-MIR164a-p5_1ss17CT can target 15 genes, including Rim15 (BCIN_15g00280), Nop53 (BCIN_12g03770), Skn7 (BCIN_02g08650), and Vel3 (BCIN_03g06410), while ppe-MIR477b-p3_1ss11TC targeted polyketide synthase (BCIN_03g04360, PKS3). The target gene of PC-5p-27397_41 was a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (BCIN_01g03730, Bcnrps6). PC-3p-0029 (Tri-milR29) targeted chitin synthetase 7. These genes play crucial roles in normal mycelial growth and pathogenicity of B. cinerea. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of milRNAs in Trichoderma mycoparasitism of B. cinerea. This discovery provides a new strategy for the application of miRNAs in the prevention and treatment of fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jumei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.
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20
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Hasan M, Hossain M, Jiang D. New endophytic strains of Trichoderma promote growth and reduce clubroot severity of rapeseed (Brassica napus). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287899. [PMID: 37906546 PMCID: PMC10617699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the world's third most important edible oilseed crop after soybean and palm. The clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae poses a significant risk and causes substantial yield losses in rapeseed. In this study, 13 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the healthy roots of rapeseed (B. napus) grown in a clubroot-infested field and molecularly identified. Based on germination inhibition of resting spores of P. brassicae, two endophytic fungal antagonists, Trichoderma spp. ReTk1 and ReTv2 were selected to evaluate their potential for plant growth promotion and biocontrol of P. brassicae. The Trichoderma isolates were applied as a soil drench (1×107 spore/g soil) to a planting mix and field soil, in which plants were grown under non-infested and P. brassicae-infested (2×106 spore/g soil) conditions. The endophytic fungi were able to promote plant growth, significantly increasing shoot and root length, leaf diameter, and biomass production (shoots and root weight) both in the absence or presence of P. brassicae. The single and dual treatments with the endophytes were equally effective in significantly decreasing the root-hair infection, root index, and clubroot severity index. Both ReTk1 and ReTv2 inhibited the germination of resting spores of P. brassicae in root exudates. Moreover, the endophytic fungi colonized the roots of rapeseed extensively and possibly induced host resistance by up-regulated expression of defense-related genes involved in jasmonate (BnOPR2), ethylene (BnACO and BnSAM3), phenylpropanoid (BnOPCL and BnCCR), auxin (BnAAO1) and salicylic acid (BnPR2) pathways. Based on these findings, it is evident that the rapeseed root endophytes Trichoderma spp. ReTk1 and ReTv2 could suppress the gall formation on rapeseed roots via antibiosis, induced systemic resistance (ISR), and/or systemic acquired resistance (SAR). According to our knowledge, this is the first report of the endophytic Trichoderma spp. isolated from root tissues of healthy rapeseed plants (B. napus.), promoting plant growth and reducing clubroot severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmodol Hasan
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Motaher Hossain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Daohong Jiang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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21
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Rieker MEG, Lutz MA, El-Hasan A, Thomas S, Voegele RT. Hyperspectral Imaging and Selected Biological Control Agents for the Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Spring Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3534. [PMID: 37895997 PMCID: PMC10610361 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are important pathogens on cereals, capable of causing considerable yield losses and significantly reducing the quality of harvested grains due to contamination with mycotoxins. The European Union intends to reduce the use of chemical-synthetic plant protection products (csPPP) by up to 50% by the year 2030. To realize this endeavor without significant economic losses for farmers, it is crucial to have both precise early detection of pathogens and effective alternatives for csPPP. To investigate both the early detection of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the efficacy of selected biological control agents (BCAs), a pot experiment with spring wheat (cv. 'Servus') was conducted under semi-field conditions. Spikes were sprayed with different BCAs prior to inoculation with a mixture of F. graminearum and F. culmorum conidia. While early detection of FHB was investigated by hyperspectral imaging (HSI), the efficiency of the fungal (Trichoderma sp. T10, T. harzianum T16, T. asperellum T23 and Clonostachys rosea CRP1104) and bacterial (Bacillus subtilis HG77 and Pseudomonas fluorescens G308) BCAs was assessed by visual monitoring. Evaluation of the hyperspectral images using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) resulted in a pathogen detection nine days post inoculation (dpi) with the pathogen, and thus four days before the first symptoms could be visually detected. Furthermore, support vector machines (SVM) and a combination of LDA and distance classifier (DC) were also able to detect FHB symptoms earlier than manual rating. Scoring the spikes at 13 and 17 dpi with the pathogen showed no significant differences in the FHB incidence among the treatments. Nevertheless, there is a trend suggesting that all BCAs exhibit a diminishing effect against FHB, with fungal isolates demonstrating greater efficacy compared to bacterial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E. G. Rieker
- Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.L.); (A.E.-H.); (S.T.); (R.T.V.)
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22
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Lodi RS, Peng C, Dong X, Deng P, Peng L. Trichoderma hamatum and Its Benefits. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:994. [PMID: 37888250 PMCID: PMC10607699 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma hamatum (Bonord.) Bainier (T. hamatum) belongs to Hypocreaceae family, Trichoderma genus. Trichoderma spp. are prominently known for their biocontrol activities and plant growth promotion. Hence, T. hamatum also possess several beneficial activities, such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, insecticidal activity, herbicidal activity, and plant growth promotion; in addition, it holds several other beneficial properties, such as resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and degradation of DDT by certain enzymes and production of certain polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Hence, the current review discusses the beneficial properties of T. hamatum and describes the gaps that need to be further considered in future studies, such as T. hamatum's potentiality against human pathogens and, in contrast, its role as an opportunistic human pathogen. Moreover, there is a need for substantial study on its antiviral and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lizeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (R.S.L.); (C.P.); (X.D.); (P.D.)
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23
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Esparza-Reynoso S, Ávalos-Rangel A, Pelagio-Flores R, López-Bucio J. Reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase-encoding genes underly the plant growth and developmental responses to Trichoderma. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1257-1269. [PMID: 36877382 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of plant growth and development through reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a hallmark during the interactions with microorganisms, but how fungi and their molecules influence endogenous ROS production in the root remains unknown. In this report, we correlated the biostimulant effect of Trichoderma atroviride with Arabidopsis root development via ROS signaling. T. atroviride enhanced ROS accumulation in primary root tips, lateral root primordia, and emerged lateral roots as revealed by total ROS imaging through the fluorescent probe H2DCF-DA and NBT detection. Acidification of the substrate and emission of the volatile organic compound 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one appear to be major factors by which the fungus triggers ROS accumulation. Besides, the disruption of plant NADPH oxidases, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) including ROBHA, RBOHD, but mainly RBOHE, impaired root and shoot fresh weight and the root branching enhanced by the fungus in vitro. RbohE mutant plants displayed poor lateral root proliferation and lower superoxide levels than wild-type seedlings in both primary and lateral roots, indicating a role for this enzyme for T. atroviride-induced root branching. These data shed light on the roles of ROS as messengers for plant growth and root architectural changes during the plant-Trichoderma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraí Esparza-Reynoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria C. P, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ávalos-Rangel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria C. P, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ramón Pelagio-Flores
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, C. P, 58240, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria C. P, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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24
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Duan X, Zou C, Jiang Y, Yu X, Ye X. Effects of Reduced Phosphate Fertilizer and Increased Trichoderma Application on the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Pepper. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2998. [PMID: 37631209 PMCID: PMC10460083 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus utilization by crop plants is often limited, thereby resulting in large accumulations of residual phosphorus fertilizer in the soil. Trichoderma fungi function as natural decomposition agents that can contribute to increasing decomposition and promoting nutrient absorption in plants. In this study, we developed a novel fertilizer application strategy that reduces phosphate fertilizer and increases Trichoderma and examined its effects on the growth, nutrient absorption, and fruit quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). We compared the efficacies of eight treatments: P100 = standard dose application of phosphorus fertilizer; P85 = 85% dose; P70 = 70% dose; P0 = no phosphorus fertilizer; and the TP100, TP85, TP70, and TP0 treatments, in which a Trichoderma mixture was added to the P100, P85, P70, and P0 treatments, respectively. The combined fertilizer application strategy stimulated plant growth, increased chlorophyll content, improved yield, and enhanced nutrient absorption. Additionally, the strategy improved pepper fruit quality by increasing the contents of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, vitamin C, capsaicin, and capsanthin. A comprehensive analysis indicated that the TP85 treatment was the optimal fertilization regime for pepper. This study provides a novel fertilizer application strategy for pepper that not only ensures good plant growth but also protects soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China (Y.J.); (X.Y.)
| | - Chunlei Zou
- Vegetable Research Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China;
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China (Y.J.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xuejing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China (Y.J.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xueling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design and Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang 110866, China (Y.J.); (X.Y.)
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25
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Pei X, Liu X, Zang C, Yu S, Xie J, Lin Y, Liang B, Wu X, Liang C. Genome Resource of Streptomyces atratus PY-1, a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Strain in Particular Antagonistic Against Plasmopara viticola. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2506-2508. [PMID: 36774571 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-22-2093-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces atratus PY-1 exhibited promising antimicrobial properties; in particular, it is highly inhibitory to Plasmopara viticola, which causes downy mildew of grape. It is very necessary to carry out systematic and in-depth research on the PY-1 strain for the improvement, application, and promotion of biocontrol agents. The PY-1 genome was fully sequenced and assembled. We present the draft genome sequence of PY-1, with a size of 9, 254, and 781 bp. Preliminary analysis on the PY-1 genome sequence shows that at least 35 gene clusters are involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, terpenes, and nonribosomally synthesized peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Pei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Chaoqun Zang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Shuyi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Jinhui Xie
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Bingbing Liang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunhao Liang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
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26
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Missbach K, Flatschacher D, Bueschl C, Samson JM, Leibetseder S, Marchetti-Deschmann M, Zeilinger S, Schuhmacher R. Light-Induced Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production of Trichoderma atroviride. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:785. [PMID: 37623556 PMCID: PMC10456024 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies aim at maximizing fungal secondary metabolite production but the influence of light during cultivation has often been neglected. Here, we combined an untargeted isotope-assisted liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach with standardized cultivation of Trichoderma atroviride under three defined light regimes (darkness (PD), reduced light (RL) exposure, and 12/12 h light/dark cycle (LD)) to systematically determine the effect of light on secondary metabolite production. Comparative analyses revealed a similar metabolite profile upon cultivation in PD and RL, whereas LD treatment had an inhibiting effect on both the number and abundance of metabolites. Additionally, the spatial distribution of the detected metabolites for PD and RL was analyzed. From the more than 500 detected metabolites, only 25 were exclusively produced upon fungal growth in darkness and 85 were significantly more abundant in darkness. The majority were detected under both cultivation conditions and annotation revealed a cluster of substances whose production followed the pattern observed for the well-known T. atroviride metabolite 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone. We conclude that cultivation of T. atroviride under RL can be used to maximize secondary metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Missbach
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (K.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Bueschl
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (K.M.)
| | - Jonathan Matthew Samson
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (K.M.)
| | - Stefan Leibetseder
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (S.L.)
| | | | - Susanne Zeilinger
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 3430 Tulln, Austria; (K.M.)
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27
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Lv B, Guo Y, Zhao X, Li S, Sun M. Glucose-6-phosphate 1-Epimerase CrGlu6 Contributes to Development and Biocontrol Efficiency in Clonostachys chloroleuca. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:764. [PMID: 37504752 PMCID: PMC10381721 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonostachys chloroleuca (formerly classified as C. rosea) is an important mycoparasite active against various plant fungal pathogens. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are vital in mycoparasitic interactions; they participate in responses to diverse stresses and mediate fungal development. In previous studies, the MAPK-encoding gene Crmapk has been proven to be involved in mycoparasitism and the biocontrol processes of C. chloroleuca, but its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Aldose 1-epimerases are key enzymes in filamentous fungi that generate energy for fungal growth and development. By protein-protein interaction assays, the glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase CrGlu6 was found to interact with Crmapk, and expression of the CrGlu6 gene was significantly upregulated when C. chloroleuca colonized Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia. Gene deletion and complementation analyses showed that CrGlu6 deficiency caused abnormal morphology of hyphae and cells, and greatly reduced conidiation. Moreover, deletion mutants presented much lower antifungal activities and mycoparasitic ability, and control efficiency against sclerotinia stem rot was markedly decreased. When the CrGlu6 gene was reinserted, all biological characteristics and biocontrol activities were recovered. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase in mycoparasitism and help to further reveal the regulation of MAPK and its interacting proteins in the biocontrol of C. chloroleuca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binna Lv
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shidong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Manhong Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Giehl A, dos Santos AA, Cadamuro RD, Tadioto V, Guterres IZ, Prá Zuchi ID, Minussi GDA, Fongaro G, Silva IT, Alves SL. Biochemical and Biotechnological Insights into Fungus-Plant Interactions for Enhanced Sustainable Agricultural and Industrial Processes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2688. [PMID: 37514302 PMCID: PMC10385130 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The literature is full of studies reporting environmental and health issues related to using traditional pesticides in food production and storage. Fortunately, alternatives have arisen in the last few decades, showing that organic agriculture is possible and economically feasible. And in this scenario, fungi may be helpful. In the natural environment, when associated with plants, these microorganisms offer plant-growth-promoting molecules, facilitate plant nutrient uptake, and antagonize phytopathogens. It is true that fungi can also be phytopathogenic, but even they can benefit agriculture in some way-since pathogenicity is species-specific, these fungi are shown to be useful against weeds (as bioherbicides). Finally, plant-associated yeasts and molds are natural biofactories, and the metabolites they produce while dwelling in leaves, flowers, roots, or the rhizosphere have the potential to be employed in different industrial activities. By addressing all these subjects, this manuscript comprehensively reviews the biotechnological uses of plant-associated fungi and, in addition, aims to sensitize academics, researchers, and investors to new alternatives for healthier and more environmentally friendly production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Giehl
- Laboratory of Yeast Biochemistry, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Angela Alves dos Santos
- Laboratory of Yeast Biochemistry, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviani Tadioto
- Laboratory of Yeast Biochemistry, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Iara Zanella Guterres
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dai Prá Zuchi
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriel do Amaral Minussi
- Laboratory of Yeast Biochemistry, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Cerro Largo 97900-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Izabella Thais Silva
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luiz Alves
- Laboratory of Yeast Biochemistry, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Environment and Sustainable Technologies, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Cerro Largo 97900-000, RS, Brazil
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Heffernan D, Pilz M, Klein M, Haack M, Race AM, Brück T, Qoura F, Strittmatter N. Screening of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquid fungal cultures using ambient mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04769-6. [PMID: 37389599 PMCID: PMC10329071 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential of fungi for use as biotechnological factories in the production of a range of valuable metabolites, such as enzymes, terpenes, and volatile aroma compounds, is high. Unlike other microorganisms, fungi mostly secrete secondary metabolites into the culture medium, allowing for easy extraction and analysis. To date, the most commonly used technique in the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is gas chromatography, which is time and labour consuming. We propose an alternative ambient screening method that provides rapid chemical information for characterising the VOCs of filamentous fungi in liquid culture using a commercially available ambient dielectric barrier discharge ionisation (DBDI) source connected to a quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The effects of method parameters on measured peak intensities of a series of 8 selected aroma standards were optimised with the best conditions being selected for sample analysis. The developed method was then deployed to the screening of VOCs from samples of 13 fungal strains in three different types of complex growth media showing clear differences in VOC profiles across the different media, enabling determination of best culturing conditions for each compound-strain combination. Our findings underline the applicability of ambient DBDI for the direct detection and comparison of aroma compounds produced by filamentous fungi in liquid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heffernan
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Melania Pilz
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Marco Klein
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Alan M Race
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany.
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Gomes A, Narciso R, Regalado L, Pinheiro MC, Barros F, Sario S, Santos C, Mendes RJ. Disclosing the native blueberry rhizosphere community in Portugal-an integrated metagenomic and isolation approach. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15525. [PMID: 37397024 PMCID: PMC10312161 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgorund The production of red fruits, such as blueberry, has been threatened by several stressors from severe periods of drought, nutrient scarcity, phytopathogens, and costs with fertilization programs with adverse consequences. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase this crop's resilience whilst promoting sustainable agriculture. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) constitute not only a solution to tackle water and nutrient deficits in soils, but also as a control against phytopathogens and as green compounds for agricultural practices. Methods In this study, a metagenomic approach of the local fungal and bacterial community of the rhizosphere of Vaccinium corymbosum plants was performed. At the same time, both epiphytic and endophytic microorganisms were isolated in order to disclose putative beneficial native organisms. Results Results showed a high relative abundance of Archaeorhizomyces and Serendipita genera in the ITS sequencing, and Bradyrhizobium genus in the 16S sequencing. Diversity analysis disclosed that the fungal community presented a higher inter-sample variability than the bacterial community, and beta-diversity analysis further corroborated this result. Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., and Mucor moelleri were isolated from the V. corymbosum plants. Discussion This work revealed a native microbial community capable of establishing mycorrhizal relationships, and with beneficial physiological traits for blueberry production. It was also possible to isolate several naturally-occurring microorganisms that are known to have plant growth-promoting activity and confer tolerance to hydric stress, a serious climate change threat. Future studies should be performed with these isolates to disclose their efficiency in conferring the needed resilience for this and several crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicia Gomes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Narciso
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Regalado
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Cardeano Pinheiro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Barros
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sario
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael J. Mendes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Rojas Moreno MM, González-Pérez E, Rodríguez-Hernandez AA, Ortega-Amaro MA, Becerra-Flora A, Serrano M, Jiménez-Bremont JF. Expression of EPL1 from Trichoderma atroviride in Arabidopsis Confers Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2443. [PMID: 37447005 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
During plant interaction with beneficial microorganisms, fungi secrete a battery of elicitors that trigger plant defenses against pathogenic microorganisms. Among the elicitor molecules secreted by Trichoderma are cerato-platanin proteins, such as EPL1, from Trichoderma atroviride. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana plants that express the TaEPL1 gene were challenged with phytopathogens to evaluate whether expression of EPL1 confers increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Infection assays showed that Arabidopsis EPL1-2, EPL1-3, EPL1-4 expressing lines were more resistant to both pathogens in comparison to WT plants. After Pseudomonas syringae infection, there were reduced disease symptoms (e.g., small chlorotic spots) and low bacterial titers in the three 35S::TaEPL1 expression lines. Similarly; 35S::TaEPL1 expression lines were more resistant to Botrytis cinerea infection, showing smaller lesion size in comparison to WT. Interestingly, an increase in ROS levels was detected in 35S::TaEPL1 expression lines when compared to WT. A higher expression of SA- and JA-response genes occurred in the 35S::TaEPL1 lines, which could explain the resistance of these EPL1 expression lines to both pathogens. We propose that EPL1 is an excellent elicitor, which can be used to generate crops with improved resistance to broad-spectrum diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Montserrat Rojas Moreno
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Enrique González-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Aida Araceli Rodríguez-Hernandez
- CONAHCyT-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI, Km. 6.5 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla Col. San Isidro, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Yautepec 62739, Mexico
| | - María Azucena Ortega-Amaro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano Oeste, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Salinas de Hidalgo 78290, Mexico
| | - Alicia Becerra-Flora
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
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Ghoneem KM, Al-Askar AA, Saber WIA. A Simple Formula of the Endophytic Trichoderma viride, a Case Study for the Management of Rhizoctonia solani on the Common Bean. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1358. [PMID: 37374140 DOI: 10.3390/life13061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of beneficial endophytic microorganisms presents a promising and innovative strategy for attaining environmental sustainability and fostering development. The majority of microbial bioagents are unsuitable for preparation in a suitable granular formula, and few are prepared in complicated formulas. In this work, Trichoderma viride was simply prepared in a marketable granular formula to manage Rhizoctonia solani and improve common bean growth. The GC-MS analysis showed several antimicrobial compounds in the fungal filtrate. T. viride was able to suppress the phytopathogenic R. solani in the laboratory. The formula had up to 6 months of shelf-life viability. Under greenhouse conditions, the formula improved plant resistance against R. solani. Moreover, the vegetative plant growth and physiological performance (peroxidase, polyphenol, total phenols, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and photosynthetic pigments) of the common bean showed obvious promotion. The formula reduced the disease incidence by 82.68% and increased the yield by 69.28%. This work may be considered a step in the right direction for producing simple bioactive products on a large scale. Moreover, the study's findings suggest that this method can be considered a novel approach to enhancing plant growth and protection, in addition to reducing costs, improving handling and application, and maintaining fungal viability for enhancing plant growth and protecting against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Ghoneem
- Seed Pathology Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Askar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - WesamEldin I A Saber
- Microbial Activity Unit, Microbiology Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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Alderete LS, Sauvêtre A, Chiron S, Tadić Đ. Investigating the Transformation Products of Selected Antibiotics and 17 α-Ethinylestradiol under Three In Vitro Biotransformation Models for Anticipating Their Relevance in Bioaugmented Constructed Wetlands. TOXICS 2023; 11:508. [PMID: 37368608 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of three antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ofloxacin) and one synthetic hormone (17 α-ethinylestradiol) was investigated in three in-vitro biotransformation models (i.e., pure enzymes, hairy root, and Trichoderma asperellum cultures) for anticipating the relevance of the formation of transformation products (TPs) in constructed wetlands (CWs) bioaugmented with T. asperellum fungus. The identification of TPs was carried out employing high-resolution mass spectrometry, using databases, or by interpreting MS/MS spectra. An enzymatic reaction with β-glucosidase was also used to confirm the presence of glycosyl-conjugates. The results showed synergies in the transformation mechanisms between these three models. Phase II conjugation reactions and overall glycosylation reactions predominated in hairy root cultures, while phase I metabolization reactions (e.g., hydroxylation and N-dealkylation) predominated in T. asperellum cultures. Following their accumulation/degradation kinetic profiles helped in determining the most relevant TPs. Identified TPs contributed to the overall residual antimicrobial activity because phase I metabolites can be more reactive and glucose-conjugated TPs can be transformed back into parent compounds. Similar to other biological treatments, the formation of TPs in CWs is of concern and deserves to be investigated with simple in vitro models to avoid the complexity of field-scale studies. This paper brings new findings on the emerging pollutants metabolic pathways established between T. asperellum and model plants, including extracellular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sosa Alderete
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology and Health, INBIAS-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Sauvêtre
- HSM, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
- HSM, University Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, CNRS, IRD, 30100 Ales, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- HSM, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Đorđe Tadić
- HSM, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Pasquoto-Stigliani T, Guilger-Casagrande M, Campos EVR, Germano-Costa T, Bilesky-José N, Migliorini BB, Feitosa LO, Sousa BT, de Oliveira HC, Fraceto LF, Lima R. Titanium biogenic nanoparticles to help the growth of Trichoderma harzianum to be used in biological control. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:166. [PMID: 37231443 PMCID: PMC10210372 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a green alternative that reduces the toxicity of this nanomaterials and may enable a synergy between the metallic core and the biomolecules employed in the process enhancing biological activity. The aim of this study was to synthesize biogenic titanium nanoparticles using the filtrate of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum as a stabilizing agent, to obtain a potential biological activity against phytopathogens and mainly stimulate the growth of T. harzianum, enhancing its efficacy for biological control. RESULTS The synthesis was successful and reproductive structures remained in the suspension, showing faster and larger mycelial growth compared to commercial T. harzianum and filtrate. The nanoparticles with residual T. harzianum growth showed inhibitory potential against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth and the formation of new resistant structures. A great chitinolytic activity of the nanoparticles was observed in comparison with T. harzianum. In regard to toxicity evaluation, an absence of cytotoxicity and a protective effect of the nanoparticles was observed through MTT and Trypan blue assay. No genotoxicity was observed on V79-4 and 3T3 cell lines while HaCat showed higher sensitivity. Microorganisms of agricultural importance were not affected by the exposure to the nanoparticles, however a decrease in the number of nitrogen cycling bacteria was observed. In regard to phytotoxicity, the nanoparticles did not cause morphological and biochemical changes on soybean plants. CONCLUSION The production of biogenic nanoparticles was an essential factor in stimulating or maintaining structures that are important for biological control, showing that this may be an essential strategy to stimulate the growth of biocontrol organisms to promote more sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Pasquoto-Stigliani
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Guilger-Casagrande
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estefânia V R Campos
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais Germano-Costa
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Bilesky-José
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca B Migliorini
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro O Feitosa
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno T Sousa
- Departament of Animal and Plant Biology, University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Halley C de Oliveira
- Departament of Animal and Plant Biology, University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Fraceto
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Lima
- Laboratory for Evaluation of the Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Luo N, Li Z, Ling J, Zhao J, Li Y, Yang Y, Mao Z, Xie B, Li H, Jiao Y. Establishment of a CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Efficient Knockout System of Trichoderma hamatum T21 and Pigment Synthesis PKS Gene Knockout. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050595. [PMID: 37233306 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma hamatum is a filamentous fungus that serves as a biological control agent for multiple phytopathogens and as an important resource promising for fungicides. However, the lack of adequate knockout technologies has hindered gene function and biocontrol mechanism research of this species. This study obtained a genome assembly of T. hamatum T21, with a 41.4 Mb genome sequence comprising 8170 genes. Based on genomic information, we established a CRISPR/Cas9 system with dual sgRNAs targets and dual screening markers. CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid and donor DNA recombinant plasmid were constructed for disruption of the Thpyr4 and Thpks1 genes. The result indicates the consistency between phenotypic characterization and molecular identification of the knockout strains. The knockout efficiencies of Thpyr4 and Thpks1 were 100% and 89.1%, respectively. Moreover, sequencing revealed fragment deletions between dual sgRNA target sites or GFP gene insertions presented in knockout strains. The situations were caused by different DNA repair mechanisms, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), and homologous recombination (HR). Overall, we have successfully constructed an efficient and convenient CRISPR/Cas9 system in T. hamatum for the first time, which has important scientific significance and application value for studies on functional genomics of Trichoderma and other filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenchuan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingyan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixia Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Tang W, Gong W, Xiao R, Mao W, Zhao L, Song J, Awais M, Ji X, Li H. Endophytic Fungal Community of Stellera chamaejasme L. and Its Possible Role in Improving Host Plants' Ecological Flexibility in Degraded Grasslands. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040465. [PMID: 37108919 PMCID: PMC10146894 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stellera chamaejasme L. is a widely distributed poisonous plant in Chinese degraded grasslands. To investigate the role of endophytic fungi (EF) in S. chamaejasme's quick spread in grasslands, the endophytic fungal community of S. chamaejasme was studied through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, and the plant-growth-promoting (PGP) traits of some culturable isolates were tested. Further, the growth-promoting effects of 8 isolates which showed better PGP traits were evaluated by pot experiments. The results showed that a total of 546 culturable EF were isolated from 1114 plant tissue segments, and the colonization rate (CR) of EF in roots (33.27%) was significantly higher than that in shoots (22.39%). Consistent with this, the number of specific types of EF was greater in roots (8 genera) than in shoots (1 genus). The same phenomenon was found in culture-independent study. There were 95 specific genera found in roots, while only 18 specific genera were found in shoots. In addition, the dominant EF were different between the two study methods. Cladosporium (18.13%) and Penicillium (15.93%) were the dominant EF in culture-dependent study, while Apiotrichum (13.21%) and Athelopsis (5.62%) were the dominant EF in culture-independent study. PGP trait tests indicated that 91.30% of the tested isolates (69) showed phosphorus solubilization, IAA production, or siderophores production activity. The benefit of 8 isolates on host plants' growth was further studied by pot experiments, and the results indicated that all of the isolates can improve host plants' growth. Among them, STL3G74 (Aspergillus niger) showed the best growth-promotion effect; it can increase the plant's shoot and root dry biomass by 68.44% and 74.50%, respectively, when compared with the controls. Our findings revealed that S. chamaejasme has a wide range of fungal endophytic assemblages, and most of them possess PGP activities, which may play a key role in its quick spread in degraded grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Tang
- Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Weijun Gong
- Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruitong Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenqin Mao
- Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Liangzhou Zhao
- Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jinzhao Song
- Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiuling Ji
- Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Kumar S, Chandra R, Keswani C, Minkina T, Mandzhieva S, Voloshina M, Meena M. Trichoderma viride—Mediated Modulation of Oxidative Stress Network in Potato Challenged with Alternaria solani. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2023; 42:1919-1936. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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A Salt-Tolerant Strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum HL167 Is Effective in Alleviating Salt Stress, Promoting Plant Growth, and Managing Fusarium Wilt Disease in Cowpea. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030304. [PMID: 36983472 PMCID: PMC10052927 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a constraint factor in agricultural production and restricts crops yield and quality. In this study, a salt-tolerant strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum HL167 was obtained from 64 isolates showing significant salt tolerance and antagonistic activity to Fusarium oxysporum. T. longibrachiatum HL167 inhibited F. oxysporum at a rate of 68.08% in 200 mM NaCl, penetrated F. oxysporum under 200 mM NaCl, and eventually induced F. oxysporum hyphae breaking, according to electron microscope observations. In the pot experiment, pretreatment of cowpea seedlings with T. longibrachiatum HL167 reduced the accumulation level of ROS in tissues and the damage caused by salt stress. Furthermore, in the field experiment, it was discovered that treating cowpea with T. longibrachiatum HL167 before root inoculation with F. oxysporum can successfully prevent and control the development of cowpea Fusarium wilt, with the best control effect reaching 61.54%. Moreover, the application of HL 167 also improved the K+/Na+ ratio of cowpea, alleviated the ion toxicity of salt stress on cowpea, and HL167 was found to effectively colonize the cowpea roots. T. longibrachiatum HL167, which normally survives in saline–alkali environments and has the functions of disease prevention and plant growth promotion capabilities, has important research implications for improving the saline–alkali soil environment and for the sustainable development of green agriculture.
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Promotion of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Growth by Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil is an important peanut producer, but despite its high production, there still needs to be an inoculant for the peanut crop. In addition, the use of microorganisms that promote plant growth (PGPM) is not common, and this crop is highly dependent on chemical fertilizers. An excellent alternative to reduce the use of fertilizers and chemical inputs in peanut crops while reducing the production cost and environmental impact is the use of PGPM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and Trichoderma harzianum as single inoculants and co-inoculants on the growth promotion and productivity of peanuts in greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse, the experiment was conducted with 12 treatments with six repetitions. In the field conditions, the experiment was conducted with five treatments with four repetitions. Both experiments were conducted in randomized blocks. In general, all the microorganisms evaluated in the present study promoted increases in root dry mass, shoot dry mass, phosphorus concentrations, and plant height in the greenhouse and under field conditions compared with the control. Interestingly, the mixtures of microorganisms inoculated in peanut plants did not promote greater plant growth and development compared with inoculations of the microorganisms separately. Specifically, in the field, the highest productivity was found for the inoculation of B. japonicum alone. The PGPM evaluated in the present study for peanut crops generally promoted some increases in productivity in greenhouse and field conditions.
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Amanullah F, Khan WUD. Trichoderma asperellum L. Coupled the Effects of Biochar to Enhance the Growth and Physiology of Contrasting Maize Cultivars under Copper and Nickel Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:958. [PMID: 36840307 PMCID: PMC9960312 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop cultivation in heavy metal (HM)-polluted soils is a routine practice in developing countries that causes multiple human health consequences. Hence, two independent studies have been performed to investigate the efficiency of rice husk biochar (BC) and three fungal species, Trichoderma harzianum (F1), Trichoderma asperellum (F2) and Trichoderma viride (F3), to improve the growth and physiology of Zea mays L. plants grown on soil contaminated with Cu and Ni. Initially, a biosorption trial was conducted to test the HM removal efficiency of species F1, F2 and F3. Among them, F2 sp. showed the maximum Cu and Ni removal efficiency. Then, a pot study was conducted with two cultivars (spring corn and footer corn) having eleven treatments with three replicates. The results demonstrated a significant genotypic variation among both cultivars under applied HM stress. The maximum decreases in leaf Chl a. (53%), Chl b. (84%) and protein (63%) were reported in footer corn with applied Cu stress. The combined application of biochar and F2 increased leaf CAT (96%) in spring corn relative to Cu stress. Altogether, it was found that BC + F2 treatment showed the maximum efficiency in combatting Cu and Ni stress in spring corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Amanullah
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Waqas-ud-Din Khan
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia
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41
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Wang S, Wang X, Chen J. Identification of miRNAs Involved in Maize-Induced Systemic Resistance Primed by Trichoderma harzianum T28 against Cochliobolus heterostrophus. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020278. [PMID: 36836392 PMCID: PMC9964586 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in the immune response to pathogen infection in different plants. Further, Trichoderma strains are able to activate plant defense responses against pathogen attacks. However, little is known about the involvement of miRNAs in the defense response primed by Trichoderma strains. To explore the miRNAs sensitive to priming by Trichoderma, we studied the small RNAs and transcriptome changes in maize leaves that were systemically induced by seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum (strain T28) against Cochliobolus heterostrophus (C. heterostrophus) infection in leaves. Through analysis of the sequencing data, 38 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 824 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO and KEGG analyses of DEGs demonstrated that genes involved in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and oxidation-reduction process were significantly enriched. In addition, 15 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified through the combined analysis of DEMs and DEGs. These pairs were supposed to play roles in the maize resistance primed by T. harzianum T28 to C. heterostrophus, in which miR390, miR169j, miR408b, miR395a/p, and novel miRNA (miRn5231) were more involved in the induction of maize resistance. This study provided valuable information for understanding the regulatory role of miRNA in the T. harzianum primed defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence:
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Dos Santos UR, Dos Santos JL. Trichoderma after crossing kingdoms: infections in human populations. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:97-126. [PMID: 36748123 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2172498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma is a saprophytic fungus that is used worldwide as a biocontrol and biofertilizer agent. Although considered nonpathogenic until recently, reports of human infections produced by members of the Trichoderma genus are increasing. Numerous sources of infection were proposed based upon patient data and phylogenetic analysis, including air, agriculture, and healthcare facilities, but the deficit of knowledge concerning Trichoderma infections makes patient treatment difficult. These issues are compounded by isolates that present profiles which exhibit high minimum inhibitory concentration values to available antifungal drugs. The aim of this review is to present the global distribution and sources of infections that affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, clinical features, therapeutic strategies that are used to treat patients, as well as highlighting treatments with the best responses. In addition, the antifungal susceptibility profiles of Trichoderma isolates that have emerged in recent decades were examined and which antifungal drugs need to be further evaluated as potential candidates to treat Trichoderma infections are also indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uener Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Jane Lima Dos Santos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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43
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Miao S, Liang J, Xu Y, Yu G, Shao M. Bacillaene, sharp objects consist in the arsenal of antibiotics produced by Bacillus. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36790954 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species act as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that can produce a large number of bioactive metabolites. Bacillaene, a linear polyketide/nonribosomal peptide produced by Bacillus strains, is synthesized by the trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthetase. The complexity of the chemical structure, particularity of biosynthesis, potent bioactivity, and the important role of competition make Bacillus an ideal antibiotic weapon to resist other microbes and maintain the optimal rhizosphere environment. This review provides an updated view of the structural features, biological activity, biosynthetic regulators of biosynthetic pathways, and the important competitive role of bacillaene during Bacillus survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, XinYang College Of Agriculture And Forestry, Xinyang, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Guzmán-Guzmán P, Kumar A, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Parra-Cota FI, Orozco-Mosqueda MDC, Fadiji AE, Hyder S, Babalola OO, Santoyo G. Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030432. [PMID: 36771517 PMCID: PMC9921048 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biocontrol agents (BCA) have been an important tool in agriculture to prevent crop losses due to plant pathogens infections and to increase plant food production globally, diminishing the necessity for chemical pesticides and fertilizers and offering a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option. Fungi from the genus Trichoderma are among the most used and studied microorganisms as BCA due to the variety of biocontrol traits, such as parasitism, antibiosis, secondary metabolites (SM) production, and plant defense system induction. Several Trichoderma species are well-known mycoparasites. However, some of those species can antagonize other organisms such as nematodes and plant pests, making this fungus a very versatile BCA. Trichoderma has been used in agriculture as part of innovative bioformulations, either just Trichoderma species or in combination with other plant-beneficial microbes, such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Here, we review the most recent literature regarding the biocontrol studies about six of the most used Trichoderma species, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, and T. viride, highlighting their biocontrol traits and the use of these fungal genera in Trichoderma-based formulations to control or prevent plant diseases, and their importance as a substitute for chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Guzmán-Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | | | - Fannie I. Parra-Cota
- Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Ciudad Obregón 85000, Mexico
| | | | - Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico
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Yao X, Guo H, Zhang K, Zhao M, Ruan J, Chen J. Trichoderma and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160551. [PMID: 37206337 PMCID: PMC10189891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma is mainly used to control soil-borne diseases as well as some leaf and panicle diseases of various plants. Trichoderma can not only prevent diseases but also promotes plant growth, improves nutrient utilization efficiency, enhances plant resistance, and improves agrochemical pollution environment. Trichoderma spp. also behaves as a safe, low-cost, effective, eco-friendly biocontrol agent for different crop species. In this study, we introduced the biological control mechanism of Trichoderma in plant fungal and nematode disease, including competition, antibiosis, antagonism, and mycoparasitism, as well as the mechanism of promoting plant growth and inducing plant systemic resistance between Trichoderma and plants, and expounded on the application and control effects of Trichoderma in the control of various plant fungal and nematode diseases. From an applicative point of view, establishing a diversified application technology for Trichoderma is an important development direction for its role in the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hailin Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation Development Center of Bijie City, Bijie, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjun Ruan,
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Jie Chen,
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Wang CY, Gan D, Li CZ, Zhang SQ, Li BX, Zhu L, Liu JQ, Liu H, Tuo GT, Zhang FM, Cai L. A New Highly Oxygenated Polyketide Derivative from Trichoderma sp. and Its Antifungal Activity. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200671. [PMID: 36373236 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new highly oxygenated polyketide derivative, trichodersine (1), together with fourteen known compounds (2-15) were isolated from Trichoderma sp. MWTGP-04. The structure of trichodersine (1) was established based on comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, and biogenesis argument. The results of double culture experiments indicated that the strain exhibited potential antifungal activity. The antifungal activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated, among them compound 1 exhibited remarkable antifungal activities against Fusarium solani, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Alternaria panax, and Aspergillus niger, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4, 4, 16, and 32 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the antifungal experiments of polyketide derivatives (1-3) disclosed that their degree of oxidation was a key factor affecting the antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Dong Gan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Tao Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Mei Zhang
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industry Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650231, P. R., China
| | - Le Cai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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Saberi Riseh R, Hassanisaadi M, Vatankhah M, Soroush F, Varma RS. Nano/microencapsulation of plant biocontrol agents by chitosan, alginate, and other important biopolymers as a novel strategy for alleviating plant biotic stresses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1589-1604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Singh J, Aggarwal R, Bashyal BM, Darshan K, Meena BR, Yadav J, Saharan MS, Hussain Z. Temporal transcriptome of tomato elucidates the signaling pathways of induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance activated by Chaetomium globosum. Front Genet 2022; 13:1048578. [PMID: 36467997 PMCID: PMC9716087 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1048578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C. globosum is an endophytic fungus, which is recorded effective against several fungal and bacterial diseases in plants. The exclusively induce defense as mechanism of biocontrol for C. globosum against phyto-pathogens is reported. Our pervious study states the effectiveness of induced defense by C. globosum (Cg), in tomato against Alternaria solani. In this study the temporal transcriptome analysis of tomato plants after treatment with C. globosum was performed for time points at 0 hpCi, 12 hpCi, 24 hpCi and 96 phCi. The temporal expression analysis of genes belonging to defense signaling pathways indicates the maximum expression of genes at 12 h post Cg inoculation. The sequential progression in JA signaling pathway is marked by upregulation of downstream genes (Solyc10g011660, Solyc01g005440) of JA signaling at 24 hpCi and continued to express at same level upto 96 hpCi. However, the NPR1 (Solyc07g040690), the key regulator of SA signaling is activated at 12 h and repressed in later stages. The sequential expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes (Solyc09g007920, Solyc12g011330, Solyc05g047530) marks the activation of pathway with course of time after Cg treatment that results in lignin formation. The plant defense signaling progresses in sequential manner with time course after Cg treatment. The results revealed the involvement of signaling pathways of ISR and SAR in systemic resistance induced by Cg in tomato, but with temporal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Barnala, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rashmi Aggarwal,
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K. Darshan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-TFRI, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jagdish Yadav
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M. S. Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR- IARI, New Delhi, India
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Alfiky A, L'Haridon F, Abou-Mansour E, Weisskopf L. Disease Inhibiting Effect of Strain Bacillus subtilis EG21 and Its Metabolites Against Potato Pathogens Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2099-2109. [PMID: 35536116 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0530-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Potato production worldwide is plagued by several disease-causing pathogens that result in crop and economic losses estimated to billions of dollars each year. To this day, synthetic chemical applications remain the most widespread control strategy despite their negative effects on human and environmental health. Therefore, obtainment of superior biocontrol agents or their naturally produced metabolites to replace fungicides or to be integrated into practical pest management strategies has become one of the main targets in modern agriculture. Our main focus in the present study was to elucidate the antagonistic potential of a new strain identified as Bacillus subtilis EG21 against potato pathogens Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani using several in vitro screening assays. Microscopic examination of the interaction between EG21 and R. solani showed extended damage in fungal mycelium, while EG21 metabolites displayed strong anti-oomycete and zoosporecidal effect on P. infestans. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed that EG21 produced antifungal and anti-oomycete cyclic lipopeptides surfactins (C12 to C19). Further characterization of EG21 confirmed its ability to produce siderophores and the extracellular lytic enzymes cellulase, pectinase and chitinase. The antifungal activity of EG21 cell-free culture filtrate (CF) was found to be stable at high-temperature/pressure treatment and extreme pH values and was not affected by proteinase K treatment. Disease-inhibiting effect of EG21 CF against P. infestans and R. solani infection was confirmed using potato leaves and tubers, respectively. Biotechnological applications of using microbial agents and their bioproducts for crop protection hold great promise to develop into effective, environment-friendly and sustainable biocontrol strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsayed Alfiky
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert-Gockel 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Floriane L'Haridon
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert-Gockel 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Abou-Mansour
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert-Gockel 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laure Weisskopf
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rue Albert-Gockel 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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50
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Mulatu A, Megersa N, Tolcha T, Alemu T, Vetukuri RR. Antifungal compounds, GC-MS analysis and toxicity assessment of methanolic extracts of Trichoderma species in an animal model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274062. [PMID: 36149851 PMCID: PMC9506656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been marketed for the management of diseases of crops. However, some Trichoderma species may produce toxic secondary metabolites and it should receive due attention to ensure human safety. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antagonistic potential of T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 as microbial biocontrol agents (MBCAs) against Fusarium xylarioides and the associated antagonistic mechanism with bioactive substances. Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate the in vivo toxicity and pathogenicity of T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 methanolic extracts and spore suspensions, respectively, in a preliminary safety assessment for use as biofungicides. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to profile volatile organic metabolites (VOCs) present in the methanolic extracts. The agar diffusion assay of the methanolic extracts from both T. asperellum AU131 and T. longibrachiatum AU158 were effective at a concentration of 200 μg/mL (1×107 spores/mL), causing 62.5%, and 74.3% inhibition, respectively. A GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts from both bioagents identified 23 VOCs which classified as alcohols, acids, sesquiterpenes, ketones and aromatic compounds. The oral administration of methanolic extracts and spore suspensions of each Trichoderma species to female Swiss albino mice over 14 days did not show any significant signs of toxicity, mortality or changes to body weight. It can be concluded that the tested spore suspensions and methanolic extracts were not pathogenic or toxic, respectively, when administered to Swiss albino mice at various doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasa Mulatu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Megersa
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Tolcha
- Department of Chemistry, Kotebe University of Education, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Alemu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ramesh R. Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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