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Huang JJ, Xu W, Lin S, Cheung PCK. The bioactivities and biotechnological production approaches of carotenoids derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-29. [PMID: 39038957 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2359966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are a rich source of carotenoids that are well known for their potent bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. Recently, many interests have also been focused on the biological activities of these microalgae/cyanobacteria-derived carotenoids, such as fucoxanthin and β-carotene potential to be the salutary nutraceuticals, on treating or preventing human common diseases (e.g., cancers). This is due to their special chemical structures that demonstrate unique bioactive functions, in which the biologically active discrepancies might attribute to the different spatial configurations of their molecules. In addition, their abundance and bioaccessibilities make them more popularly applied in food and pharmaceutical industries, as compared to the macroalgal/fungal-derived ones. This review is focused on the recent studies on the bioactivities of fucoxanthin and some carotenoids derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria in relationship with human health and diseases, with emphasis on their potential applications as natural antioxidants. Various biotechnological approaches employed to induce the production of these specific carotenoids from the culture of microalgae/cyanobacteria are also critically reviewed. These well-developed and emerging biotechnologies present promise to be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries to facilitate the efficient manufacture of the bioactive carotenoid products derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Junhui Huang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
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Kim DY, Park HJ, Eom JI, Han CH, Pan CH, Lee JK. Ethanol Extract of the Microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Shows Hepatoprotective Effects against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6247. [PMID: 38892435 PMCID: PMC11172906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure is an infrequent yet fatal condition marked by rapid liver function decline, leading to abnormalities in blood clotting and cognitive impairment among individuals without prior liver ailments. The primary reasons for liver failure are infection with hepatitis virus or overdose of certain medicines, such as acetaminophen. Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT), a type of microalgae known as a diatom species, has been reported to contain an active ingredient with anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects. In this study, we evaluated the preventive and therapeutic activities of PT extract in acute liver failure. To achieve our purpose, we used two different acute liver failure models: acetaminophen- and D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure. PT extract showed protective activity against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure through attenuation of the inflammatory response. However, we failed to demonstrate the protective effects of PT against acute liver injury in the D-GalN/LPS model. Although the PT extract did not show protective activity against two different acute liver failure animal models, this study clearly demonstrates the importance of considering the differences among animal models when selecting an acute liver failure model for evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hui Jin Park
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-In Eom
- Microalgae Ask Us Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea; (J.-I.E.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Cheol-Ho Han
- Microalgae Ask Us Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea; (J.-I.E.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Microalgae Ask Us Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea; (J.-I.E.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Jae Kwon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
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Yang S, Li J, Yan L, Wu Y, Zhang L, Li B, Tong H, Lin X. Molecular Mechanisms of Fucoxanthin in Alleviating Lipid Deposition in Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10391-10405. [PMID: 38669300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is witnessing a global surge; however, it still lacks effective pharmacological interventions. Fucoxanthin, a natural bioactive metabolite derived from marine brown algae, exhibits promising pharmacological functions, particularly in ameliorating metabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic efficacy in addressing MAFLD remain elusive. Our present findings indicated that fucoxanthin significantly alleviated palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatic lipid deposition in vitro and obesity-induced hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice. Moreover, at both the protein and transcriptional levels, fucoxanthin effectively increased the expression of PPARα and CPT1 (involved in fatty acid oxidation) and suppressed FASN and SREBP1c (associated with lipogenesis) in both PA-induced HepG2 cells and hepatic tissues in ob/ob mice. This modulation was accompanied by the activation of AMPK. The capacity of fucoxanthin to improve hepatic lipid deposition was significantly attenuated when utilizing the AMPK inhibitor or siRNA-mediated AMPK silencing. Mechanistically, fucoxanthin activates AMPK, subsequently regulating the KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway to exert antioxidative effects and stimulating the PGC1α/NRF1 axis to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis. These collective actions contribute to fucoxanthin's amelioration of hepatic steatosis induced by metabolic perturbations. These findings offer valuable insights into the prospective utilization of fucoxanthin as a therapeutic strategy for managing MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jinhai Li
- Department of Liver and Gall Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, P.R. China
| | - Liping Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, P.R. China
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Im ST, Kang H, Kim J, Kim SR, Kim KN, Lee SH. Narirutin-Rich Celluclast Extract from Mandarin ( Citrus unshiu) Peel Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Promotes Energy Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4475. [PMID: 38674060 PMCID: PMC11049868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mandarin peel, a main by-product from the processing of citrus juice, has been highlighted for its various bioactivities and functional ingredients. Our previous study proved the inhibitory effects of Celluclast extract from mandarin peel (MPCE) on lipid accumulation and differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of MPCE in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis exhibited that narirutin and hesperidin are the main active components of MPCE. Our current results showed that MPCE supplementation decreased adiposity by reducing body and organ weights in HFD-induced obese mice. MPCE also reduced triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and leptin contents in the serum of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, MPCE significantly inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating the expression levels of proteins associated with lipid metabolism, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Furthermore, MPCE administration significantly inhibited both adipogenesis and lipogenesis, with modulation of energy metabolism by activating 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and lipolytic enzymes such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the white adipose tissue (WAT). Altogether, our findings indicate that MPCE improves HFD-induced obesity and can be used as a curative agent in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals to alleviate obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tae Im
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heejoo Kang
- ILHAE Co., Ltd., Jeju 695962, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jusang Kim
- ILHAE Co., Ltd., Jeju 695962, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Song-Rae Kim
- Metropolitan Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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Hao J, Zhang J, Wu T. Fucoxanthin extract ameliorates obesity associated with modulation of bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet fed mice. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:231-242. [PMID: 37831134 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fucoxanthin extract (FX) is a type of carotenoid with a beneficial effect against obesity. The purpose of this study was to explore its precise action mechanism of losing weight. METHODS A high-fat diet induced obesity mouse model was established to study the effects of different doses of FX on C57BL/6J male mice for 12 weeks. Following intervention, serum indices, tissue sections, liver gene expression, and intestinal microorganisms were analyzed. RESULTS FX at low, medium, and high dosages (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg/day, respectively) for 12 weeks was associated with the lower body weight of mice when compared to that of high-fat-diet fed mice. It also improved glucose tolerance as well as serum lipid levels, and reduced fat accumulation. Significant regulation of bile acid metabolism and intestinal microbiota may contribute to the above effects. The bile acids in the FXH group were significantly increased. A low-dose and a medium-dose FX increased the level of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5); a low-dose and high-dose FX increased the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression, and a medium-dose had no effect. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that the Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae contributed to the beneficial effects of FX. CONCLUSION Our study sheds light on mechanisms behind the weight-lowering of FX, and manifested that bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota may be potential therapies. These results support that FX is a valuable candidate for promoting health and alleviating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jinxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Seo S, Chang KS, Choi MS, Jin E. Overexpression of PtVDL1 in Phaeodactylum tricornutum Increases Fucoxanthin Content under Red Light. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:198-206. [PMID: 37957112 PMCID: PMC10840463 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom with significant biotechnological applications, including enhancing biomass, biofuel, and carotenoid production. Specifically, owing to the capacity of this organism to serve as a valuable source of essential raw materials for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, ongoing research is actively focused on enhancing its productivity. One of the genes involved in various stages of fucoxanthin (Fx) biosynthesis, violaxanthin de-epoxidase like 1 (VDL1), has recently been identified. To validate the intracellular function of this gene and boost Fx production through overexpression, we established and examined three transgenic P. tricornutum lines characterized by elevated P. tricortunum VDL1 ( PtVDL1) expression and evaluate their cell growth and Fx productivity. These transgenic lines exhibited substantially increased PtVDL1 mRNA and protein levels compared to the wild type (WT). Notably, the enzyme substrate violaxanthin was entirely depleted and could not be detected in the transformants, whereas it remained at constant levels in the WT. Interestingly, under standard white light conditions, Fx productivity in the transformants remained unchanged; however, but after 48 h of exposure to red light, it increased by up to 15%. These results indicate that PtVDL1-overexpressing P. tricornutum has industrial potential, particularly for enhancing Fx production under red light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbeom Seo
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Chang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Choi
- Korea Radio-Isotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Fernandes V, Mamatha BS. Fucoxanthin, a Functional Food Ingredient: Challenges in Bioavailability. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:567-580. [PMID: 37642932 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fucoxanthin is an orange-red xanthophyll carotenoid found in brown seaweeds and known for its many bioactive properties. In recent years, the bioactive properties of fucoxanthin have been widely explored, making it a compound of immense interest for various health applications like anti-cancer, anti-tumour, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. However, the poor bioavailability and instability of fucoxanthin in the gastrointestinal tract have major limitations. Encapsulation is a promising approach to overcome these challenges by enclosing fucoxanthin in a protective layer, such as liposomes or nano-particles. Encapsulation can improve the stability of fucoxanthin by protecting it from exposure to heat, pH, illumination, gastric acids and enzymes that can accelerate its degradation. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have shown that lipid-based encapsulation systems such as liposomes or nano-structured lipid carriers may solubilise fucoxanthin and enhance its bioavailability (from 25 to 61.2%). In addition, encapsulation can also improve the solubility of hydrophobic fucoxanthin, which is important for its absorption and bioavailability. This review highlights the challenges involved in the absorption of fucoxanthin in the living system, role of micro- and nano-encapsulation of fucoxanthin and their potential to enhance intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fernandes
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, Karnataka, India
| | - Bangera Sheshappa Mamatha
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, Karnataka, India.
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Arrari F, Jabri MA, Ayari A, Dakhli N, Ben Fayala C, Boubaker S, Sebai H. Chromatographic Analyses of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Mechanism of Its Protective Effects against Experimental Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1823. [PMID: 37893541 PMCID: PMC10608300 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity is currently a major health problem due to fatty acid accumulation and excess intake of energy, which leads to an increase in oxidative stress, particularly in the liver. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of spirulina (SP) against cafeteria diet (CD)-induced obesity, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into four groups and received daily treatments for eight weeks as follows: control group fed a standard diet (SD 360 g/d); cafeteria diet group (CD 360 g/d); spirulina group (SP 500 mg/kg); and CD + SP group (500 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) according to body weight (b.w.) per oral (p.o.). Results: Our results show that treatment with a CD increased the weights of the body, liver, and abdominal fat. Additionally, severe hepatic alteration, disturbances in the metabolic parameters of serum, and lipotoxicity associated with oxidative stress in response to the CD-induced obesity were observed. However, SP treatment significantly reduced the liver alteration of CD feed and lipid profile disorder associated with obesity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that spirulina has a marked potential therapeutic effect against obesity and mitigates disturbances in liver function parameters, histological alterations, and oxidative stress status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arrari
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
| | - Mohamed-Amine Jabri
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
| | - Ala Ayari
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
| | - Nouha Dakhli
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathological Anatomy, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathological Anatomy, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia; (M.-A.J.); (H.S.)
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Tejero Pérez A, Kapravelou G, Porres Foulquie JM, López Jurado Romero de la Cruz M, Martínez Martínez R. Potential benefits of microalgae intake against metabolic diseases: beyond spirulina-a systematic review of animal studies. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad098. [PMID: 37643736 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Microalgae are a diverse source of bioactive molecules, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and omega-3 fatty acids, with beneficial properties in biomarkers of metabolic diseases. Unlike the rest of the microalgae genera, Arthrospira sp., commonly called spirulina, has been widely studied. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the current knowledge about microalgae, besides spirulina, focusing on their beneficial properties against metabolic diseases. DATA SOURCES A systematic research of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane, and Scopus databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published after January 2012. In vivo animal studies including microalgae consumption, except for spirulina, that significantly improved altered biomarkers related to metabolic diseases were included. These biomarkers included body weight/composition, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, oxidative damage, inflammation markers, and gut microbiota. DATA EXTRACTION After the literature search and the implementation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 studies were included in the revision out of the 132 results originally obtained after the application of the equation on the different databases. DATA ANALYSIS Data containing 15 microalgae genera were included reporting on a wide range of beneficial results at different levels, including a decrease in body weight and changes in plasma levels of glucose and lipoproteins due to molecular alterations such as those related to gene expression regulation. The most reported beneficial effects were related to gut microbiota and inflammation followed by lipid and glucose metabolism and body weight/composition. CONCLUSIONS Microalgae intake improved different altered biomarkers due to metabolic diseases and seem to have potential in the design of enriched foodstuffs or novel nutraceuticals. Nevertheless, to advance to clinical trials, more thorough/detailed studies should be performed on some of the microalgae genera included in this review to collect more information on their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tejero Pérez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús María Porres Foulquie
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María López Jurado Romero de la Cruz
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Martínez Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Instituto Mixto Universitario Deporte y Salud (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Chini Zittelli G, Lauceri R, Faraloni C, Silva Benavides AM, Torzillo G. Valuable pigments from microalgae: phycobiliproteins, primary carotenoids, and fucoxanthin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1733-1789. [PMID: 37036620 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins, carotenoids and fucoxanthin are photosynthetic pigments extracted from microalgae and cyanobacteria with great potential biotechnological applications, as healthy food colorants and cosmetics. Phycocyanin possesses a brilliant blue color, with fluorescent properties making it useful as a reagent for immunological essays. The most important source of phycocyanin is the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, however, recently, the Rhodophyta Galdieria sulphuraria has also been identified as such. The main obstacle to the commercialization of phycocyanin is represented by its chemical instability, strongly reducing its shelf-life. Moreover, the high level of purity needed for pharmaceutical applications requires several steps which increase both the production time and cost. Microalgae (Chlorella, Dunaliella, Nannochloropsis, Scenedesmus) produce several light harvesting carotenoids, and are able to manage with oxidative stress, due to their free radical scavenging properties, which makes them suitable for use as source of natural antioxidants. Many studies focused on the selection of the most promising strains producing valuable carotenoids and on their extraction and purification. Among carotenoids produced by marine microalgae, fucoxanthin is the most abundant, representing more than 10% of total carotenoids. Despite the abundance and diversity of fucoxanthin producing microalgae only a few species have been studied for commercial production, the most relevant being Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Due to its antioxidant activity, fucoxanthin can bring various potential benefits to the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases. In this review, we update the main results achieved in the production, extraction, purification, and commercialization of these important pigments, motivating the cultivation of microalgae as a source of natural pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Chini Zittelli
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lauceri
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, CNR, Sede Di Verbania, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Margarita Silva Benavides
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar Y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Giuseppe Torzillo
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar Y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
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Winarto J, Song DG, Pan CH. The Role of Fucoxanthin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098203. [PMID: 37175909 PMCID: PMC10179653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) has emerged as a leading cause of human deaths. It caused 1.32 million deaths in 2017, which affected men more than women by a two-to-one ratio. There are various causes of CLD, including obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and viral infection. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of obesity-induced liver diseases, is the major cause, representing the cause of more than 50% of cases. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid mainly found in brown seaweed, exhibits various biological activities against NAFLD. Its role in NAFLD appears in several mechanisms, such as inducing thermogenesis in mitochondrial homeostasis, altering lipid metabolism, and promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. The corresponding altered signaling pathways are the β3-adorenarine receptor (β3Ad), proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (AKT), SMAD2/3, and P13K/Akt pathways. Fucoxanthin also exhibits anti-fibrogenic activity that prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Winarto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Microalgae Ask US Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea
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12
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Koo SY, Hwang KT, Hwang S, Choi KY, Park YJ, Choi JH, Truong TQ, Kim SM. Nanoencapsulation enhances the bioavailability of fucoxanthin in microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum extract. Food Chem 2023; 403:134348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Effects of Microalgae on Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020449. [PMID: 36830009 PMCID: PMC9952430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disturbances, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hyperglycemia. Adopting a healthier lifestyle and multiple drug-based therapies are current ways to manage MetS, but they have limited efficacy, albeit the prevalence of MetS is rising. Microalgae is a part of the human diet and has also been consumed as a health supplement to improve insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and several components of MetS. These therapeutic effects of microalgae are attributed to the bioactive compounds present in them that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, studies investigating the potential of microalgae in alleviating MetS are becoming more popular, but a review on this topic remains scarce. In this review, we discuss the effects of microalgae, specifically on MetS, by reviewing the evidence from scientific literature covering in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, we also discuss the underlying mechanisms that modulate the effects of microalgae on MetS, and the limitations and future perspectives of developing microalgae as a health supplement for MetS. Microalgae supplementation is becoming a viable approach in alleviating metabolic disturbances and as a unique addition to the management of MetS.
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14
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Doolaanea AA, Alfatama M, Alkhatib H, Mawazi SM. Fucoxanthin. HANDBOOK OF FOOD BIOACTIVE INGREDIENTS 2023:1-27. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81404-5_55-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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15
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Chen S, Zhu L, Li J. Fucoxanthin ameliorates oxidative injury and inflammation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by cigarette smoke extract via the PPARγ/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:69. [PMID: 36605523 PMCID: PMC9798150 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent and long-term airway disease. It has been reported that fucoxanthin (FX) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the underlying mechanism of FX in COPD remains unknown. Therefore, to investigate the effect of FX on COPD, BEAS-2B cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The viability of BEAS-2B cells treated with increasing doses of FX was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured using a corresponding kit. In addition, ELISA was carried out to detect the content of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Additionally, a TUNEL assay and western blot analysis were performed to assess the cell apoptosis rate. Furthermore, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was used to measure reactive oxygen species levels, while the contents of oxidative stress-associated indexes were determined using the corresponding kits. Bioinformatics analysis using the search tool for interactions of chemicals database predicted that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) may be a target of FX. The binding capacity of FTX with PPARγ was confirmed by molecular docking. The protein expression levels of the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling-associated factors were detected by western blot analysis. Finally, the regulatory mechanism of FX in COPD was revealed following cell treatment with the PPARγ inhibitor, T0070907. The results demonstrated that FX enhanced CSE-induced BEAS-2B cell viability and attenuated CSE-induced BEAS-2B cell inflammation and oxidative damage, possibly via triggering PPARγ/NF-κB signaling. Pre-treatment of BEAS-2B cells with the PPARγ inhibitor, T0070907, could reverse the protective effects of FX on CSE-induced BEAS-2B cells. Overall, the present study suggested that FX could ameliorate oxidative damage as well as inflammation in CSE-treated human bronchial epithelial in patients with COPD via modulating the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Chen
- Department of Nursing, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264199, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264199, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of General Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Jun Li, Department of General Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 60 Qingnian Middle Road, Nangtong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
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16
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Taroncher M, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Barba FJ, Ruiz MJ. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, analysis of metals and cumulative risk assessment in microalgae. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2152514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Taroncher
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Guan B, Chen K, Tong Z, Chen L, Chen Q, Su J. Advances in Fucoxanthin Research for the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammation-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224768. [PMID: 36432455 PMCID: PMC9694790 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its unique structure and properties, fucoxanthin (FX), a carotenoid, has attracted significant attention. There have been numerous studies that demonstrate FX's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-obesity properties against inflammation-related diseases. There is no consensus, however, regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. In this review, we summarize the potential health benefits of FX in inflammatory-related diseases, from the perspective of animal and cellular experiments, to provide insights for future research on FX. Previous work in our lab has demonstrated that FX remarkably decreased LPS-induced inflammation and improved survival in septic mice. Further investigation of the activity of FX against a wide range of diseases will require new approaches to uncover its molecular mechanism. This review will provide an outline of the current state of knowledge regarding FX application in the clinical setting and suggest future directions to implement FX as a therapeutic ingredient in pharmaceutical sciences in order to develop it into a treatment strategy against inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Guan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Kunsen Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhiyong Tong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (J.S.); Tel./Fax: +86-0591-22868190 (Q.C.); +86-0591-22868830 (J.S.)
| | - Jingqian Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (J.S.); Tel./Fax: +86-0591-22868190 (Q.C.); +86-0591-22868830 (J.S.)
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18
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Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism by Phytochemicals Derived from Algae and Edible Mushrooms in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213667. [PMID: 36430146 PMCID: PMC9697193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis occurs in almost all cells, but mainly in hepatocytes in the liver. Cholesterol is garnering increasing attention for its central role in various metabolic diseases. In addition, cholesterol is one of the most essential elements for cells as both a structural source and a player participating in various metabolic pathways. Accurate regulation of cholesterol is necessary for the proper metabolism of fats in the body. Disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to various metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For many years, the use of synthetic chemical drugs has been effective against many health conditions. Furthermore, from ancient to modern times, various plant-based drugs have been considered local medicines, playing important roles in human health. Phytochemicals are bioactive natural compounds that are derived from medicinal plants, fruit, vegetables, roots, leaves, and flowers and are used to treat a variety of diseases. They include flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and more. Many of these compounds have been proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity and antihypercholesteremic activity. The multifaceted role of phytochemicals may provide health benefits to humans with regard to the treatment and control of cholesterol metabolism and the diseases associated with this disorder, such as NAFLD. In recent years, global environmental climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, the current war in Europe, and other conflicts have threatened food security and human nutrition worldwide. This further emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable sources of functional phytochemicals to be included in the food industry and dietary habits. This review summarizes the latest findings on selected phytochemicals from sustainable sources-algae and edible mushrooms-that affect the synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol and improve or prevent NAFLD.
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19
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Mumu M, Das A, Emran TB, Mitra S, Islam F, Roy A, Karim MM, Das R, Park MN, Chandran D, Sharma R, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Kim B. Fucoxanthin: A Promising Phytochemical on Diverse Pharmacological Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929442. [PMID: 35983376 PMCID: PMC9379326 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a special carotenoid having an allenic bond in its structure. FX is extracted from a variety of algae and edible seaweeds. It has been proved to contain numerous health benefits and preventive effects against diseases like diabetes, obesity, liver cirrhosis, malignant cancer, etc. Thus, FX can be used as a potent source of both pharmacological and nutritional ingredient to prevent infectious diseases. In this review, we gathered the information regarding the current findings on antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin protective, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and other properties of FX including its bioavailability and stability characteristics. This review aims to assist further biochemical studies in order to develop further pharmaceutical assets and nutritional products in combination with FX and its various metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaza Mumu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ayan Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Talha Bin Emran, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Md. Mobarak Karim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Talha Bin Emran, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Talha Bin Emran, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Bonglee Kim,
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20
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Fang X, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Li Q, Fan L, Li X, Jiang D, Lin J, Zou L, Ren J, Huang Z, Ye H, Liu Y. Fucoxanthin Inactivates the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway to Mediate Malignant Biological Behaviors of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3747-3760. [PMID: 35838029 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2091149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although lung cancer treatment strategies have improved in recent years, the 5-year overall survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains less than 15%. Chemotherapy is considered the most promising option in the comprehensive treatment of NSCLC. Fucoxanthin (FX) is a natural product derived from brown algae and has extensive applications in medicine. Previous studies reported that FX effectively inhibits the growth of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying the anti-NSCLC effect of FX remains unknown. In this study, NSCLC cell lines and a xenograft nude mouse model were used to examine the anti-NSCLC activities of FX in vitro and in vivo. Network pharmacology analysis and inhibitors or activators of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were used to explore the anti-NSCLC mechanisms of FX. The results indicated that FX could inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion, arrest cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro. Additionally, FX suppressed tumor growth in vivo. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was found to be involved in the anti-NSCLC activity of FX. In conclusion, FX inhibits malignant biological behaviors of NSCLC by suppressing the phosphorylation of both PI3K and AKT, and subsequently inactivating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Taomin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Lvhua Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Daishun Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyi Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., LTD, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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21
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Yang Y, Ge S, Chen Q, Lin S, Zeng S, Tan BK, Hu J. Chlorella unsaturated fatty acids suppress high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57/BL6J mice. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3644-3658. [PMID: 35822300 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella has been identified as a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids. Since the antiobesity effects of unsaturated fatty acids have been well documented; therefore, we explored the antiobesity actions of chlorella unsaturated fatty acids (C.UFAs) in the current study. The obtained results demonstrated C.UFAs, which contain abundant linoleic acid, could retard body weight gain (reducing body weigh by 13.93% after 16 weeks of treatment), improve blood glucose (19.29% lower) and lipid profile (23.45% lower in TG, 8.76% lower in TC) compared to high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. The possible underlying mechanisms might involve reducing hepatic lipid accumulation via down-regulation of lipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, aP2, FAS, and SREBP-1c) and up-regulation of lipolytic gene (adiponectin). We also demonstrate C.UFAs could reduce HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy via activation of AMPK signaling pathway in adipose tissue and liver. In summary, our study highlights the potential of C.UFAs as a functional food for obesity management. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chlorella has already been commercialized as a functional food antiobesity function. In the current study, the unsaturated fatty acids isolated from chlorella were found to exert beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and adipocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet-fed mice. This may provide theoretical foundation for developing novel chlorella-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shenhan Ge
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China.,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiao Zeng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bee K Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Yang W, Zhou L, Wang J, Wang L, Gao S, Wang G. Knockout of a diatom cryptochrome by CRISPR/Cas9 causes an increase in light-harvesting protein levels and accumulation of fucoxanthin. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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23
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Co-activating the AMPK signaling axis by low molecular weight fucoidan LF2 and fucoxanthin improves the HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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24
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Mohibbullah M, Haque MN, Sohag AAM, Hossain MT, Zahan MS, Uddin MJ, Hannan MA, Moon IS, Choi JS. A Systematic Review on Marine Algae-Derived Fucoxanthin: An Update of Pharmacological Insights. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:279. [PMID: 35621930 PMCID: PMC9146768 DOI: 10.3390/md20050279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, belonging to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids, is a natural antioxidant pigment of marine algae, including brown macroalgae and diatoms. It represents 10% of the total carotenoids in nature. The plethora of scientific evidence supports the potential benefits of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical uses of fucoxanthin for boosting human health and disease management. Due to its unique chemical structure and action as a single compound with multi-targets of health effects, it has attracted mounting attention from the scientific community, resulting in an escalated number of scientific publications from January 2017 to February 2022. Fucoxanthin has remained the most popular option for anti-cancer and anti-tumor activity, followed by protection against inflammatory, oxidative stress-related, nervous system, obesity, hepatic, diabetic, kidney, cardiac, skin, respiratory and microbial diseases, in a variety of model systems. Despite much pharmacological evidence from in vitro and in vivo findings, fucoxanthin in clinical research is still not satisfactory, because only one clinical study on obesity management was reported in the last five years. Additionally, pharmacokinetics, safety, toxicity, functional stability, and clinical perspective of fucoxanthin are substantially addressed. Nevertheless, fucoxanthin and its derivatives are shown to be safe, non-toxic, and readily available upon administration. This review will provide pharmacological insights into fucoxanthin, underlying the diverse molecular mechanisms of health benefits. However, it requires more activity-oriented translational research in humans before it can be used as a multi-target drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
- Seafood Research Center, Silla University, #605, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49277, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Md. Nazmul Haque
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.N.H.); (I.S.M.)
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.A.M.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Md. Tahmeed Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.A.M.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Md. Sarwar Zahan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.S.Z.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Md. Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.S.Z.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.A.M.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.N.H.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Seafood Research Center, Silla University, #605, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49277, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
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Fucoxanthin Loaded in Palm Stearin- and Cholesterol-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-Microcapsules, with Improved Stability and Bioavailability In Vivo. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040237. [PMID: 35447909 PMCID: PMC9032552 DOI: 10.3390/md20040237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a marine carotenoid that has proven to be a promising marine drug due to the multiple bioactivities it possesses. However, the instability and poor bioavailability of FX greatly limit its application in pharmaceuticals or functional foods. In this study, the creative construction of a solid lipid nanoparticle-microcapsule delivery system using mixed lipids of palm stearin and cholesterol wrapped with gelatin/Arabic gum to load lipophilic FX was fabricated, aiming to improve the stability and bioavailability of FX. The results showed that the encapsulated efficiency (EE) and drug loading capacity (LC) of optimized FX microcapsules (FX-MCs) obtained were as high as 96.24 ± 4.60% and 0.85 ± 0.04%, respectively, after single-factor experiments. The average particle size was 1154 ± 54 nm with negative Zeta potential (−20.71 ± 0.93 mV) as depicted with size-zeta potential spectrometer. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) results indicated that FX-MC has a higher Tg and slower weight loss than FX monomers (FX crystal) and blank MCs. Besides, The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) confirmed the good double encapsulation of FX into the solid lipid and composite coacervate. Moreover, the encapsulated FX showed higher storage stability, sustained release (55.02 ± 2.80% release in 8 h), and significantly improved bioavailability (712.33%) when compared to free FX. The research results can provide a principle theoretical basis for the development and application of FX in pharmaceuticals or functional foods.
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Pajot A, Hao Huynh G, Picot L, Marchal L, Nicolau E. Fucoxanthin from Algae to Human, an Extraordinary Bioresource: Insights and Advances in up and Downstream Processes. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040222. [PMID: 35447895 PMCID: PMC9027613 DOI: 10.3390/md20040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a brown-colored pigment from algae, with great potential as a bioactive molecule due to its numerous properties. This review aims to present current knowledge on this high added-value pigment. An accurate analysis of the biological function of fucoxanthin explains its wide photon absorption capacities in golden-brown algae. The specific chemical structure of this pigment also leads to many functional activities in human health. They are outlined in this work and are supported by the latest studies in the literature. The scientific and industrial interest in fucoxanthin is correlated with great improvements in the development of algae cultures and downstream processes. The best fucoxanthin producing algae and their associated culture parameters are described. The light intensity is a major influencing factor, as it has to enable both a high biomass growth and a high fucoxanthin content. This review also insists on the most eco-friendly and innovative extraction methods and their perspective within the next years. The use of bio-based solvents, aqueous two-phase systems and the centrifugal partition chromatography are the most promising processes. The analysis of the global market and multiple applications of fucoxanthin revealed that Asian companies are major actors in the market with macroalgae. In addition, fucoxanthin from microalgae are currently produced in Israel and France, and are mostly authorized in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pajot
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gia Hao Huynh
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Laurent Picot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7266 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), Université La Rochelle, F-17042 La Rochelle, France;
| | - Luc Marchal
- Génie des Procédés Environnement (GEPEA), Université Nantes, F-44000 Saint Nazaire, France;
| | - Elodie Nicolau
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
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27
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Ha Y, Lee WH, Kim JK, Jeon HK, Lee J, Kim YJ. Polyopes affinis Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061836. [PMID: 35335198 PMCID: PMC8954520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyopes affinis is a red algal species commonly found on the South coast and near Jeju Island, Korea. This study aimed to determine whether P. affinis extracts can inhibit the pathogenesis of T-helper-2 (Th2)-mediated inflammation in a human keratinocyte cell line of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and 10 ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at various concentrations of PAB (10, 30, and 60 µg/mL) and PAA (100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) extracts. A gene-ontology (GO)-enrichment analysis revealed that PAB significantly enriched the genes associated with biological processes such as cell adhesion, immune response, inflammation, and chemokine-mediated pathways. PAB suppressed the expression of the secretory proteins and mRNAs that are associated with the thymus and the production of activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC/CCL22). The effect of the extract on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was related to its inhibition of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production by blocking NF-κB and STAT1 activation. These results suggest that seaweed extract may improve AD by regulating pro-inflammatory chemokines. In conclusion, we first confirmed the existence of phloroglucinol, a polyphenol formed from a precursor called phlorotannin, which is present in PAB, and this result proved the possibility of PAB being used as a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Ha
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Won-Hwi Lee
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jang Kyun Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Jeon
- Advanced Energy Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 46938, Korea;
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8861 (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8861 (Y.-J.K.)
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Liang D, Su W, Zhao X, Li J, Hua Z, Miao S, Tan M. Microfluidic Fabrication of pH-Responsive Nanoparticles for Encapsulation and Colon-Target Release of Fucoxanthin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:124-135. [PMID: 34963047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improving the stability of fucoxanthin in the gastrointestinal tract is an important approach to enhance its oral bioavailability. The study proposed a new microfluidic device allowing for the synthesis of a structurally well-defined nanoscale delivery system with a uniform size for encapsulation and colon-target release of fucoxanthin. The rapid mixing in the microfluidic channel ensured that the mixing time was shorter than the aggregation time, thus realizing the controllable control of the coprecipitation of fucoxanthin and shellac polymer. In vitro digestion tests showed that a pH stimulus-responsive release of fucoxanthin from FX/SH NPs was observed under alkaline pH conditions. The fluorescence colocalization imaging indicated that FX/SH NPs did not affect the intestine function and had a protective effect on Caco-2 cells damaged by H2O2 by enhancing their antioxidant capacity. Overall, this work illustrated the promise of using a microfluidic approach to fabricate the biomimetic nanodelivery system for better biocompatibility and targeting efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Liang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Su
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng Hua
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
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Comparative Study Highlights the Potential of Spectral Deconvolution for Fucoxanthin Screening in Live Phaeodactylum tricornutum Cultures. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010019. [PMID: 35049875 PMCID: PMC8780081 DOI: 10.3390/md20010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnology shows considerable promise as a sustainable contributor to a broad range of industrial avenues. The field is however limited by processing methods that have commonly hindered the progress of high throughput screening, and consequently development of improved microalgal strains. We tested various microplate reader and flow cytometer methods for monitoring the commercially relevant pigment fucoxanthin in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Based on accuracy and flexibility, we chose one described previously to adapt to live culture samples using a microplate reader and achieved a high correlation to HPLC (R2 = 0.849), effectively removing the need for solvent extraction. This was achieved by using new absorbance spectra inputs, reducing the detectable pigment library and changing pathlength values for the spectral deconvolution method in microplate reader format. Adaptation to 384-well microplates and removal of the need to equalize cultures by density further increased the screening rate. This work is of primary interest to projects requiring detection of biological pigments, and could theoretically be extended to other organisms and pigments of interest, improving the viability of microalgae biotechnology as a contributor to sustainable industry.
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30
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Rushdi MI, Abdel-Rahman IAM, Saber H, Attia EZ, Abdelraheem WM, Madkour HA, Abdelmohsen UR. The genus Turbinaria: chemical and pharmacological diversity. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:4560-4578. [PMID: 32091241 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1731741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Genus Turbinaria is still chemically and pharmacologically underexplored. These brown algae belong to the family Sargassaceae. Therapeutic potentials of pure compounds isolated from the Genus Turbinaria are extraordinarily promising as antiproliferative, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory immunostimulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, antiviral, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic. Those activities are represented by diverse classes of compounds including sterols, amino acids, fatty acids, alcohols, halocarbons, hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, esters and cyclic tetrapyrrole compounds. This review focuses on the Genus Turbinaria during the period 1972 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Rushdi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Iman A M Abdel-Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hani Saber
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Eman Zekry Attia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Wedad M Abdelraheem
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hashem A Madkour
- Department of Marine and Environmental Geology, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
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31
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Begum R, Howlader S, Mamun-Or-Rashid ANM, Rafiquzzaman SM, Ashraf GM, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Peluso I, Abdel-Daim MM, Uddin MS. Antioxidant and Signal-Modulating Effects of Brown Seaweed-Derived Compounds against Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9974890. [PMID: 34336128 PMCID: PMC8289617 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9974890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biological and therapeutic properties of seaweeds have already been well known. Several studies showed that among the various natural marine sources of antioxidants, seaweeds have become a potential source of antioxidants because of their bioactive compounds. Most of the metabolic diseases are caused by oxidative stress. It is very well known that antioxidants have a pivotal role in the treatment of those diseases. Recent researches have revealed the potential activity of seaweeds as complementary medicine, which have therapeutic properties for health and disease management. Among the seaweeds, brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) and their derived bioactive substances showed excellent antioxidant properties than other seaweeds. This review focuses on brown seaweeds and their derived major bioactive compounds such as sulfated polysaccharide, polyphenol, carotenoid, and sterol antioxidant effects and molecular mechanisms in the case of the oxidative stress-originated disease. Antioxidants have a potential role in the modification of stress-induced signaling pathways along with the activation of the oxidative defensive pathways. This review would help to provide the basis for further studies to researchers on the potential antioxidant role in the field of medical health care and future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima Begum
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Howlader
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaco Genomics Research Centre (PGRC), Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - A. N. M. Mamun-Or-Rashid
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center and Glycative Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - S. M. Rafiquzzaman
- Department of Fisheries Biology & Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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32
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Validation of Fucoxanthin from Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum for the Detection of Amyloid Burden in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The visualization of misfolded Aβ peptides by using fluorescence chemical dyes is very important in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis. Here, we describe the fluorescent substance, fucoxanthin, which detects Aβ aggregates in the brain of AD transgenic mouse models. We found that fucoxanthin from the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum has fluorescent excitation and emission wavelengths without any interference for Aβ interaction. Thus, we applied it to monitor Aβ aggregation in AD transgenic mouse models. Aβ plaques were visualized using fucoxanthin in the brain tissue of APP/PS1 and 5×FAD mice by histological staining with different staining methods. By comparing fucoxanthin-positive and thioflavin S-positive stained regions in the brains, we found that they are colocalized and that fucoxanthin can detect Aβ aggregates. Our finding suggests that fucoxanthin from P. tricornutum can be a new Aβ fluorescent imaging reagent in AD diagnosis.
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李 国, 常 秀, 罗 小, 赵 映, 王 为, 康 新. [Fucoxanthin induces prostate cancer PC-3 cell apoptosis by causing mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:953-959. [PMID: 34238751 PMCID: PMC8267986 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the apoptosis- inducing effect of fucoxanthin in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells and the underlying mechanism. OBJECTIVE The viability and apoptosis of PC-3 cells treated with fucoxanthin were analyzed using commercial kits, and the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial superoxide were detected using fluorescence probe staining. The contents of ATP, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide and the total antioxidant capacity of PC-3 cells were determined. The protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c were detected with Western blotting, and the activity of caspase-9 and caspase- 3/7 was detected using corresponding kits. OBJECTIVE Fucoxanthin significantly inhibited the viability of PC-3 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and dose-dependently induced apoptosis of the cells (P < 0.05). Fucoxanthin-treated PC-3 cells showed significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial fragmentation and increased superoxide level in the mitochondria (P < 0.05), and these effects of fucoxanthin were dose- dependent. Fucoxanthin dose-dependently decreased ATP level and the total antioxidant capacity of PC-3 cells, increased the contents of H2O2, MDA and superoxide (all P < 0.05), enhanced the protein expressions of Bax and cytochrome c in the cytoplasm, and lowered the protein expressions of Bcl-2 and cytochromes in the mitochondria (P < 0.05). OBJECTIVE Fucoxanthin induces apoptosis of PC-3 cells by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction to cause oxidative stress and by activating mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathways, suggesting its potential in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- 国平 李
- 海南省人民医院//海南医学院附属海南医院泌尿外科,海南 海口 570311Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - 秀亭 常
- 海南省食品检验检测中心//海南省实验动物中心,海南 海口 570314Hainan Institute for Food Control(Hainan Experimental Animal Center), Haikou 570314, China
| | - 小菊 罗
- 海南省食品检验检测中心//海南省实验动物中心,海南 海口 570314Hainan Institute for Food Control(Hainan Experimental Animal Center), Haikou 570314, China
| | - 映淑 赵
- 海南省药品检验所//海南省药物研究重点实验室,海南 海口 570216Hainan Institute for Drug Control, Hainan Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Haikou, 570216, China
| | - 为服 王
- 海南省人民医院//海南医学院附属海南医院泌尿外科,海南 海口 570311Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - 新立 康
- 海南省人民医院//海南医学院附属海南医院泌尿外科,海南 海口 570311Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
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Lee MK, Lee B, Kim CY. Natural Extracts That Stimulate Adipocyte Browning and Their Underlying Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020308. [PMID: 33671335 PMCID: PMC7922619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding the developmental lineage and transcriptional factors regulating brown and beige adipocytes, the role of environmental modifiers, such as food components and natural extracts, remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, the undesirable pleiotropic effects produced by synthetic drugs targeting adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis necessitate research into alternative natural sources to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. The current review, therefore, focused on the effects of various extracts from foods, plants, and marine products on adipose tissue browning and obesity. In particular, the recent findings of food components and marine products on adipose tissue browning will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Daeyeon Dong, Busan 608737, Korea;
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Daeyeon Dong, Busan 608737, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (C.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5852 (B.L.); +82-53-810-2871 (C.Y.K.)
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (C.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5852 (B.L.); +82-53-810-2871 (C.Y.K.)
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Xiao H, Zhao J, Fang C, Cao Q, Xing M, Li X, Hou J, Ji A, Song S. Advances in Studies on the Pharmacological Activities of Fucoxanthin. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E634. [PMID: 33322296 PMCID: PMC7763821 DOI: 10.3390/md18120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a natural carotenoid derived mostly from many species of marine brown algae. It is characterized by small molecular weight, is chemically active, can be easily oxidized, and has diverse biological activities, thus protecting cell components from ROS. Fucoxanthin inhibits the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, promotes weight loss, acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, interacts with the intestinal flora to protect intestinal health, prevents organ fibrosis, and exerts a multitude of other beneficial effects. Thus, fucoxanthin has a wide range of applications and broad prospects. This review focuses primarily on the latest progress in research on its pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Chang Fang
- Test Center for Agri‐Products Quality of Jinan, Jinan 250316, China;
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Junfeng Hou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.C.); (M.X.); (X.L.); (J.H.)
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Guvatova Z, Dalina A, Marusich E, Pudova E, Snezhkina A, Krasnov G, Kudryavtseva A, Leonov S, Moskalev A. Protective effects of carotenoid fucoxanthin in fibroblasts cellular senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Effect of Carotenoids from Phaeodactylum tricornutum on Palmitate-Treated HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122845. [PMID: 32575640 PMCID: PMC7356161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents the most common liver disease and is characterized by an excess of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, mainly stored as triglycerides. Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine microalga, which is rich in bioactive molecules known to be hepatoprotective, such as n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and fucoxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a carotenoid extract from P. tricornutum in a cellular model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by palmitate treatment. The combined effects of carotenoids and lipids, especially n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, were also investigated by using a total lipophilic extract. HepG2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 250 µM palmitate with or without the addition of carotenoid extract (6 μg/mL) or total lipophilic extract (100 μg/mL). The addition of carotenoid extract or total lipophilic extract prevented the accumulation of triglycerides, total cholesterol and cholesterol esters. The carotenoid extract and total lipophilic extract also decreased the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis (ACACA, FASN, SCD and DGAT1) and cholesterol esterification (ACAT1/SOAT1). In addition, the total lipophilic extract also downregulated the LXR/NR1H3 and SREBF1 genes, which are involved in lipogenesis regulation. By contrast, the carotenoid extract increased the mRNA level of CPT1A, a β-oxidation related gene, and reduced the lipid droplet accumulation. In conclusion, this study highlights the preventive effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of the two microalga extracts.
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Liu M, Li W, Chen Y, Wan X, Wang J. Fucoxanthin: A promising compound for human inflammation-related diseases. Life Sci 2020; 255:117850. [PMID: 32470447 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, a natural product of carotenoids, is a potential drug source obtained from marine algae. The special chemical structure of fucoxanthin has equipped it with a variety of biological activities. Several studies have indicated that fucoxanthin has a potential protective effect on a variety of inflammation-related diseases. This mechanism may be related to fucoxanthin's strong antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota regulation. The key molecules that require consideration include nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Akt serine/threonine kinase/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent protein kinase, cAMP response element binding protein, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α. The study summarizes the recent progress in the research based on the protective effect of fucoxanthin and its related molecular mechanism, in addition to the potential use of fucoxanthin as a promising compound for human inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Xianyao Wan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China.
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39
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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products in adipose tissue biology and obesity: Pre-clinical and human studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158676. [PMID: 32120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiobesity activities of carotenoids and carotenoid conversion products (CCPs) have been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies, and mechanisms behind have begun to be unveiled, thus suggesting these compounds may help obesity prevention and management. The antiobesity action of carotenoids and CCPs can be traced to effects in multiple tissues, notably the adipose tissues. Key aspects of the biology of adipose tissues appear to be affected by carotenoid and CCPs, including adipogenesis, metabolic capacities for energy storage, release and inefficient oxidation, secretory function, and modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Here, we review the connections of carotenoids and CCPs with adipose tissue biology and obesity as revealed by cell and animal intervention studies, studies addressing the role of endogenous retinoid metabolism, and human epidemiological and intervention studies. We also consider human genetic variability influencing carotenoid and vitamin A metabolism, particularly in adipose tissues, as a potentially relevant aspect towards personalization of dietary recommendations to prevent or manage obesity and optimize metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | | | - Francisca Serra
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
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Su X, Weng S, Peng D. New Insights into Apolipoprotein A5 and the Modulation of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Adipogenesis. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:144-156. [PMID: 31560287 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190927155702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The hallmark of obesity is the excessive accumulation of
triglyceride (TG) in adipose tissue. Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) has been shown to
influence the prevalence and pathogenesis of obesity. However, the underlying
mechanisms remain to be clarified.
Methods:
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were treated with
600 ng/ml human recombinant ApoA5 protein. The effect of ApoA5 on intracellular TG
content and adipogenic related factors expression were determined. Furthermore, the
effect of ApoA5 on CIDE-C expression was also observed.
Results:
During the process of adipogenesis, ApoA5 treatment reduced the intracellular
accumulation of lipid droplets and the TG levels; meanwhile, ApoA5 down-regulated the
expression levels of adipogenic related factors, including CCAAT enhancer-binding
proteins α/β (C/EBPα/β), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4
(FABP4). Furthermore, the suppression of adipogenesis by ApoA5 was mediated
through the inhibition of CIDE-C expression, an important factor which promotes the
process of adipogenesis. However, over-expressing intracellular CIDE-C could lead to
the loss-of-function of ApoA5 in inhibiting AMSCs adipogenesis.
Conclusions:
In conclusion, ApoA5 inhibits the adipogenic process of AMSCs through,
at least partly, down-regulating CIDE-C expression. The present study provides novel
mechanisms whereby ApoA5 prevents obesity via AMSCs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuwei Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Anti-Obesity Effects of Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010041. [PMID: 31861663 PMCID: PMC6981891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microalgae have attracted great interest for their potential applications in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry as an interesting source of bioactive medicinal products and food ingredients with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. One potential application for bioactive microalgae compounds is obesity treatment. This review gathers together in vitro and in vivo studies which address the anti-obesity effects of microalgae extracts. The scientific literature supplies evidence supporting an anti-obesity effect of several microalgae: Euglena gracilis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Spirulina maxima, Spirulina platensis, or Nitzschia laevis. Regarding the mechanisms of action, microalgae can inhibit pre-adipocyte differentiation and reduce de novo lipogenesis and triglyceride (TG) assembly, thus limiting TG accumulation. Increased lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation can also be observed. Finally, microalgae can induce increased energy expenditure via thermogenesis activation in brown adipose tissue, and browning in white adipose tissue. Along with the reduction in body fat accumulation, other hallmarks of individuals with obesity, such as enhanced plasma lipid levels, insulin resistance, diabetes, or systemic low-grade inflammation are also improved by microalgae treatment. Not only the anti-obesity effect of microalgae but also the improvement of several comorbidities, previously observed in preclinical studies, has been confirmed in clinical trials.
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Šudomová M, Shariati MA, Echeverría J, Berindan-Neagoe I, Nabavi SM, Hassan STS. A Microbiological, Toxicological, and Biochemical Study of the Effects of Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid, on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Enzymes Implicated in Its Cell Wall: A Link Between Mycobacterial Infection and Autoimmune Diseases. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110641. [PMID: 31739453 PMCID: PMC6891772 DOI: 10.3390/md17110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the antitubercular properties of fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid, against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Two vital enzymes involved in Mtb cell wall biosynthesis, UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) and arylamine-N-acetyltransferase (TBNAT), were selected as drug targets to reveal the mechanism underlying the antitubercular effect of fucoxanthin. The obtained results showed that fucoxanthin showed a clear bacteriostatic action against the all Mtb strains tested, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 2.8 to 4.1 µM, along with a good degree of selectivity index (ranging from 6.1 to 8.9) based on cellular toxicity evaluation compared with standard drug isoniazid (INH). The potent inhibitory actions of fucoxanthin and standard uridine-5’-diphosphate against UGM were recorded to be 98.2% and 99.2%, respectively. TBNAT was potently inactivated by fucoxanthin (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 4.8 µM; 99.1% inhibition) as compared to INH (IC50 = 5.9 µM; 97.4% inhibition). Further, molecular docking approaches were achieved to endorse and rationalize the biological findings along with envisaging structure-activity relationships. Since the clinical evidence of the last decade has confirmed the correlation between bacterial infections and autoimmune diseases, in this study we have discussed the linkage between infection with Mtb and autoimmune diseases based on previous clinical observations and animal studies. In conclusion, we propose that fucoxanthin could demonstrate great therapeutic value for the treatment of tuberculosis by acting on multiple targets through a bacteriostatic effect as well as by inhibiting UGM and TBNAT. Such outcomes may lead to avoiding or decreasing the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases associated with Mtb infection in a genetically susceptible host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 664 61 Rajhrad, Czech Republic;
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry (Semey Branch), Semey 071410, Kazakhstan;
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu-Hatieganu”, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu-Hatieganu”, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.); (S.T.S.H.); Tel.: +420-774-630-604 (S.T.S.H.)
| | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.M.N.); (S.T.S.H.); Tel.: +420-774-630-604 (S.T.S.H.)
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Fucoxanthin-An Antibacterial Carotenoid. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080239. [PMID: 31344844 PMCID: PMC6720875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid produced by brown algae and diatoms. This compound has several biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Unfortunately, until now the latter effect has been poorly confirmed. The aim of this study was an evaluation of fucoxanthin activity against 20 bacterial species. Antimicrobial effect of fucoxanthin was determined by using the agar disc-diffusion and micro-dilution methods. The studied carotenoid acted against 13 bacteria growing in aerobic conditions. It was observed to have a significantly stronger impact on Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria. Mean zones of growth inhibition (ZOIs) for Gram-positive bacteria ranged between 9.0 and 12.2 mm, while for Gram-negative were from 7.2 to 10.2 mm. According to the agar disc-diffusion method, the highest activity of fucoxanthin was exhibited against Streptococcus agalactiae (mean ZOI 12.2 mm), Staphylococcus epidermidis (mean ZOI 11.2 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus (mean ZOI 11.0 mm), and in the microdilution test towards Streptococcus agalactiae with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 µg/mL. On the other hand, fucoxanthin was not active against strict anaerobic bacteria.
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