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Huang JJ, Xu W, Lin S, Cheung PCK. The bioactivities and biotechnological production approaches of carotenoids derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-29. [PMID: 39038957 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2359966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are a rich source of carotenoids that are well known for their potent bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. Recently, many interests have also been focused on the biological activities of these microalgae/cyanobacteria-derived carotenoids, such as fucoxanthin and β-carotene potential to be the salutary nutraceuticals, on treating or preventing human common diseases (e.g., cancers). This is due to their special chemical structures that demonstrate unique bioactive functions, in which the biologically active discrepancies might attribute to the different spatial configurations of their molecules. In addition, their abundance and bioaccessibilities make them more popularly applied in food and pharmaceutical industries, as compared to the macroalgal/fungal-derived ones. This review is focused on the recent studies on the bioactivities of fucoxanthin and some carotenoids derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria in relationship with human health and diseases, with emphasis on their potential applications as natural antioxidants. Various biotechnological approaches employed to induce the production of these specific carotenoids from the culture of microalgae/cyanobacteria are also critically reviewed. These well-developed and emerging biotechnologies present promise to be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries to facilitate the efficient manufacture of the bioactive carotenoid products derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Junhui Huang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
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2
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Bas TG. Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Carotenoids Applied in Human Health: Technological Advances and Innovation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7603. [PMID: 39062844 PMCID: PMC11277215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This article presents a groundbreaking perspective on carotenoids, focusing on their innovative applications and transformative potential in human health and medicine. Research jointly delves deeper into the bioactivity and bioavailability of carotenoids, revealing therapeutic uses and technological advances that have the potential to revolutionize medical treatments. We explore pioneering therapeutic applications in which carotenoids are used to treat chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration, offering novel protective mechanisms and innovative therapeutic benefits. Our study also shows cutting-edge technological innovations in carotenoid extraction and bioavailability, including the development of supramolecular carriers and advanced nanotechnology, which dramatically improve the absorption and efficacy of these compounds. These technological advances not only ensure consistent quality but also tailor carotenoid therapies to each patient's health needs, paving the way for personalized medicine. By integrating the latest scientific discoveries and innovative techniques, this research provides a prospective perspective on the clinical applications of carotenoids, establishing a new benchmark for future studies in this field. Our findings underscore the importance of optimizing carotenoid extraction, administration, bioactivity, and bioavailability methods to develop more effective, targeted, and personalized treatments, thus offering visionary insight into their potential in modern medical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gabriel Bas
- Escuela de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
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3
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Kumaree KK, Anthikapalli NVA, Prasansuklab A. In silico screening for potential inhibitors from the phytocompounds of Carica papaya against Zika virus NS5 protein. F1000Res 2024; 12:655. [PMID: 39132582 PMCID: PMC11310656 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.134956.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has emerged as a global health threat. The causal reasoning is that Zika infection is linked to the development of microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. With no clinically approved antiviral treatment for ZIKV, the need for the development of potential inhibitors against the virus is essential. In this study, we aimed to screen phytochemicals from papaya ( Carica papaya L.) against NS5 protein domains of ZIKV. Methods Approximately 193 phytochemicals from an online database (IMPACT) were subjected to molecular docking using AutoDock Vina against the NS5-MTase protein domain (5WXB) and -RdRp domain (5U04). Results Our results showed that β-sitosterol, carpaine, violaxanthin, pseudocarpaine, Δ7-avenasterols, Rutin, and cis-β-carotene had the highest binding affinity to both protein domains, with β-sitosterol having the most favorable binding energy. Furthermore, ADMET analysis revealed that selected compounds had good pharmacokinetic properties and were nontoxic. Conclusions Our findings suggest that papaya-derived phytochemicals could be potential candidates for developing antiviral drugs against ZIKV. However, further experimental studies using cell lines and in vivo models are needed to validate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Krishna Kumaree
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Anchalee Prasansuklab
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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4
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Baldisserotto C, Gessi S, Ferraretto E, Merighi S, Ardondi L, Giacò P, Ferroni L, Nigro M, Travagli A, Pancaldi S. Cultivation modes affect the morphology, biochemical composition, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the green microalga Neochloris oleoabundans. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7. [PMID: 38864933 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered promising sustainable sources of natural bioactive compounds to be used in biotechnological sectors. In recent years, attention is increasingly given to the search of microalgae-derived compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties for nutraceutical or pharmacological issues. In this context, attention is usually focused on the composition and bioactivity of algae or their extracts, while less interest is driven to their biological features, for example, those related to morphology and cultivation conditions. In addition, specific studies on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of microalgae mainly concern Chlorella or Spirulina. The present work was focused on the characterization of the Chlorophyta Neochloris oleoabundans under two combinations of cultivation modes: autotrophy and glucose-induced mixotrophy, each followed by starvation. Biomass for morphological and biochemical characterization, as well as for extract preparation, was harvested at the end of each cultivation phase. Analyses indicated a different content of the most important classes of bioactive compounds with antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties (lipids, exo-polysaccharides, pigments, total phenolics, and proteins). In particular, the most promising condition able to prompt the production of antioxidant algal biomass with anti-inflammatory properties was the mixotrophic one. Under mixotrophy, beside an elevated algal biomass production, a strong photosynthetic metabolism with high appression of thylakoid membranes and characteristics of high photo-protection from oxidative damage was observed and linked to the overproduction of exo-polysaccharides and lipids rather than pigments. Overall, mixotrophy appears a good choice to produce natural bioactive extracts, potentially well tolerated by human metabolism and environmentally sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Ferraretto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ardondi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Giacò
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.So Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Huang Q, Peng Z, Li S, Nan W, He B. Association between carotenoids and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United States. Heart Lung 2024; 65:93-100. [PMID: 38457968 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies mainly concentrated on examining the correlation between single carotenoids and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, these findings have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate both the individual and overall associations of carotenoids with the prevalence of COPD. METHODS This study comprised 2,939 participants chosen from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. The logistic regression, quantile-based G-computation regression (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were employed to explore the association between carotenoids and the prevalence of COPD. Mediation analyses were also conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of carotenoids on COPD. RESULTS Individuals diagnosed with COPD had significantly lower serum carotenoid concentrations than those without COPD. We found a negative relationship between combined carotenoids and the prevalence of COPD, and lutein and zeaxanthin and alpha cryptoxanthin were identified as the main contributors to this negative association. Moreover, eosinophil acted as a mediator in the relationship between lutein and zeaxanthin, alpha cryptoxanthin, and the prevalence of COPD, with mediating proportions of 2.75 % and 3.67 %. CONCLUSION A negative association was observed between combined carotenoids and COPD prevalence, with lutein and zeaxanthin, and alpha cryptoxanthin identified as the main contributors. Eosinophils could potentially mediate the association between carotenoids and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Huang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhenyu Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenbin Nan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Baimei He
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Wang X, Yang C, Zhang X, Ye C, Liu W, Wang C. Marine natural products: potential agents for depression treatment. Acta Biochim Pol 2024; 71:12569. [PMID: 38812493 PMCID: PMC11135343 DOI: 10.3389/abp.2024.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder. Due to the disadvantages of current clinical drugs, including poor efficacy and unnecessary side effects, research has shifted to novel natural products with minimal or no adverse effects as therapeutic alternatives. The ocean is a vast ecological home, with a wide variety of organisms that can produce a large number of natural products with unique structures, some of which have neuroprotective effects and are a valuable source for the development of new drugs for depression. In this review, we analyzed preclinical and clinical studies of natural products derived from marine organisms with antidepressant potential, including the effects on the pathophysiology of depression, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects. It is expected to provide a reference for the development of new antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chengmin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Longgang Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
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Tyczyńska M, Hunek G, Szczasny M, Brachet A, Januszewski J, Forma A, Portincasa P, Flieger J, Baj J. Supplementation of Micro- and Macronutrients-A Role of Nutritional Status in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4916. [PMID: 38732128 PMCID: PMC11085010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which the pathological cumulation of fat with coexisting inflammation and damage of hepatic cells leads to progressive dysfunctions of the liver. Except for the commonly well-known major causes of NAFLD such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, or diabetes, an unbalanced diet and imbalanced nutritional status should also be taken into consideration. In this narrative review, we summarized the current knowledge regarding the micro- and macronutrient status of patients suffering from NAFLD considering various diets and supplementation of chosen supplements. We aimed to summarize the knowledge indicating which nutritional impairments may be associated with the onset and progression of NAFLD at the same time evaluating the potential therapy targets that could facilitate the healing process. Except for the above-mentioned objectives, one of the most important aspects of this review was to highlight the possible strategies for taking care of NAFLD patients taking into account the challenges and opportunities associated with the micronutrient status of the patients. The current research indicates that a supplementation of chosen vitamins (e.g., vitamin A, B complex, C, or D) as well as chosen elements such as zinc may alleviate the symptoms of NAFLD. However, there is still a lack of sufficient data regarding healthy ranges of dosages; thus, further research is of high importance in this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Gabriela Hunek
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Martyna Szczasny
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Adam Brachet
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Jacek Januszewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (J.J.)
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Græsholt C, Brembu T, Volpe C, Bartosova Z, Serif M, Winge P, Nymark M. Zeaxanthin epoxidase 3 Knockout Mutants of the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Enable Commercial Production of the Bioactive Carotenoid Diatoxanthin. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:185. [PMID: 38667802 PMCID: PMC11051370 DOI: 10.3390/md22040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are pigments that have a range of functions in human health. The carotenoid diatoxanthin is suggested to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemo-preventive properties. Diatoxanthin is only produced by a few groups of microalgae, where it functions in photoprotection. Its large-scale production in microalgae is currently not feasible. In fact, rapid conversion into the inactive pigment diadinoxanthin is triggered when cells are removed from a high-intensity light source, which is the case during large-scale harvesting of microalgae biomass. Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) 2 and/or ZEP3 have been suggested to be responsible for the back-conversion of high-light accumulated diatoxanthin to diadinoxanthin in low-light in diatoms. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we knocked out the ZEP2 and ZEP3 genes in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to investigate their role in the diadinoxanthin-diatoxanthin cycle and determine if one of the mutant strains could function as a diatoxanthin production line. Light-shift experiments proved that ZEP3 encodes the enzyme converting diatoxanthin to diadinoxanthin in low light. Loss of ZEP3 caused the high-light-accumulated diatoxanthin to be stable for several hours after the cultures had been returned to low light, suggesting that zep3 mutant strains could be suitable as commercial production lines of diatoxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Græsholt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Tore Brembu
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Charlotte Volpe
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Manuel Serif
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Per Winge
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Marianne Nymark
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway (T.B.); (Z.B.); (M.S.); (P.W.)
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway;
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Zhang J, Zhong H, Xuan N, Mushtaq R, Shao Y, Cao X, Wang P, Chen G. The Na + /Ca 2+ antiporter slr0681 affects carotenoid production in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under high-light stress. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3147-3155. [PMID: 38072645 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids play key roles in photosynthesis and are widely used in foods as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Enhancing carotenoid production in microalgae via biotechnology has become an important area of research. RESULTS We knocked out the Na+ /Ca2+ antiporter gene slr0681 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 via homologous recombination and evaluated the effects on carotenoid production under normal (NL) and high-light (HL) conditions. On day 7 of NL treatment in calcium ion (Ca2+ )-free medium, the cell density of Δslr0681 decreased by 29% compared to the wild type (WT). After 8 days of HL treatment, the total carotenoid contents decreased by 35% in Δslr0681, and the contents of individual carotenoids were altered: myxoxanthophyll, echinenone, and β-carotene contents increased by 10%, 50%, and 40%, respectively, while zeaxanthin contents decreased by ~40% in Δslr0681 versus the WT. The expression patterns of carotenoid metabolic pathway genes also differed: ipi expression increased by 1.2- to 8.5-fold, whereas crtO and crtR expression decreased by ~90% and 60%, respectively, in ∆slr0681 versus the WT. In addition, in ∆slr0681, the expression level of psaB (encoding a photosystem I structural protein) doubled, whereas the expression levels of the photosystem II genes psbA2 and psbD decreased by ~53% and 84%, respectively, compared to the WT. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that slr0681 plays important roles in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and structuring of the photosystems in Synechocystis sp. This study provides a theoretical basis for the genetic engineering of microalgae photosystems to increase their economic benefits and lays the foundation for developing microalgae germplasm resources with high carotenoid contents. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Zhang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Huairong Zhong
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Xuan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Rubina Mushtaq
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yahui Shao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengchong Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, China
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10
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Montuori E, Lima S, Marchese A, Scargiali F, Lauritano C. Lutein Production and Extraction from Microalgae: Recent Insights and Bioactive Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2892. [PMID: 38474137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been reported to be excellent producers of bioactive molecules. Lutein is a pigment reported to have various beneficial effects for humans, and especially for eye well-being. In the current review, we summarize various methods that have been developed to optimize its extraction and bioactivities reported for human health. Several protective effects have been reported for lutein, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective activity. This review also reports attempts to increase lutein production by microalgae by changing culturing parameters or by using pilot-scale systems. Genetic engineering lutein production is also discussed. Considering the increasing aging of the worldwide population will create an increased need for lutein, a viable economic and eco-sustainable method to produce lutein is needed to face this market demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Montuori
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Lima
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Arima Marchese
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Scargiali
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
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11
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Pillai U J, Cherian L, Taunk K, Iype E, Dutta M. Identification of antiviral phytochemicals from cranberry as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129655. [PMID: 38266830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cranberry phytochemicals are known to possess antiviral activities. In the current study, we explored the therapeutic potential of cranberry against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting its main protease (Mpro) enzyme. Firstly, phytochemicals of cranberry origin were identified from three independent databases. Subsequently, virtual screening, using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches, led to the identification of three lead phytochemicals namely, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, β-carotene and epicatechin. Furthermore, in vitro enzymatic assays revealed that cyanidin 3-O-galactoside had the highest inhibitory potential with IC50 of 9.98 μM compared to the other two phytochemicals. Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside belongs to the class of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins extracted from frozen cranberry also exhibited the highest inhibitory potential with IC50 of 23.58 μg/ml compared to the extracts of carotenoids and flavanols, the class for β-carotene and epicatechin, respectively. Finally, we confirm the presence of the phytochemicals in the cranberry extracts using targeted LC-MS/MS analysis. Our results, therefore, indicate that the identified cranberry-derived bioactive compounds as well as cranberry could be used for therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Pillai U
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani-Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lucy Cherian
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani-Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khushman Taunk
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eldhose Iype
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Mainak Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani-Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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12
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Nagy NS, Essawy AE, Al-Sherif SS, Ali MM, Alsawy ES, Helal M. Characterization and biological applications of gonadal extract of Paracentrotus lividus collected along the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria, Egypt. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296312. [PMID: 38166099 PMCID: PMC10760885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates represent a valuable reservoir of pharmaceutical bioactive compounds with potential relevance to various medical applications. These compounds exhibit notable advantages when compared to their terrestrial counterparts, in terms of their potency, activity, and mechanism of action. Within this context, the present work aimed to extract, chemically characterize, and investigate the bioactivity of the gonadal extract of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (P. lividus) collected along the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria, Egypt. Fractions of the gonadal extract were characterized by Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their bioactivities were investigated in vitro. The analysis supported the extract richness of carotenoids and bioactive compounds. The extract showed promising anticancer activity against three different breast cancer cell lines with different levels of aggressiveness and causative factors, namely MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, and HCC-1954. Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR showed that P. lividus extract inhibited the expression of crucial factors involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In addition, the extract significantly inhibited the lipo-polysaccharides (LPS) induced inflammation in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line and exerted anti-bacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Collectively, these results demonstrated the chemical richness and the wide-scale applicability of P. lividus gonadal extract as an anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory natural extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Shawky Nagy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amina Essawy Essawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamad Moustafa Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eman Sheta Alsawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Helal
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Deng MG, Liu F, Wang K, Liang Y, Nie JQ, Liu J. Relationship between dietary carotenoid intake and sleep duration in American adults: a population-based study. Nutr J 2023; 22:68. [PMID: 38062512 PMCID: PMC10704834 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between dietary carotenoid intake and sleep duration. METHODS Adults enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 without missing information on dietary carotenoid intake (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin), sleep duration, and covariates were included. Participants' carotenoid consumption was divided into three groups by quartiles and sleep duration was grouped as short (< 7 h/night), optimal (7-8 h/night), and long (> 8 h/night). Multinominal logistic regression was constructed to examine the association between dietary carotenoid intake and sleep duration. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was further utilized to explore their dose-response relationship. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) model was adopted to calculate the mixed and individual effect of 5 carotenoid sub-types on sleep duration. RESULTS Multinominal logistic regression presented that people with higher intakes of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin were less likely to sleep too short or too long. Consistent with the findings from multinominal logistic regression, the RCS models suggested a reverse U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and carotenoid intakes. The mixed effects were also significant, where β-cryptoxanthin and lutein + zeaxanthin were the top 2 contributors associated with the decreased risks of short sleep duration, while β-carotene, α-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin were the main factors related to the lower risk of long sleep duration. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that the American adults with optimal sleep duration were associated with more dietary carotenoid intake, in comparison to short or long sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, 430012, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Public Health, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Qi Nie
- Xiaogan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiaogan, 432000, Hubei, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, 430012, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei, China.
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14
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Terzo S, Calvi P, Giardina M, Gallizzi G, Di Carlo M, Nuzzo D, Picone P, Puleio R, Mulè F, Scoglio S, Amato A. Positive Impacts of Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae Extract on Obesity-Related Dysmetabolism in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:2706. [PMID: 38067134 PMCID: PMC10705513 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ability of KlamExtra®, an Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) extract, to counteract metabolic dysfunctions due to a high fat diet (HFD) or to accelerate their reversion induced by switching an HFD to a normocaloric diet in mice with diet-induced obesity. A group of HFD mice was fed with an HFD supplemented with AFA (HFD-AFA) and another one was fed with regular chow (standard diet-STD) alone or supplemented with AFA (STD-AFA). AFA was able to significantly reduce body weight, hypertriglyceridemia, liver fat accumulation and adipocyte size in HFD mice. AFA also reduced hyperglycaemia, insulinaemia, HOMA-IR and ameliorated the glucose tolerance and the insulin response of obese mice. Furthermore, in obese mice AFA normalised the gene and the protein expression of factors involved in lipid metabolism (FAS, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c and FAT-P mRNA), inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, NFkB and IL-10 proteins) and oxidative stress (ROS levels and SOD activity). Interestingly, AFA accelerated the STD-induced reversion of glucose dysmetabolism, hepatic and VAT inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, AFA supplementation prevents HFD-induced dysmetabolism and accelerates the STD-dependent recovery of glucose dysmetabolism by positively modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and the expression of the genes linked to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Terzo
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Calvi
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Giardina
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacoma Gallizzi
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Carlo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Picone
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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15
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Burcher JT, DeLiberto LK, Allen AM, Kilpatrick KL, Bishayee A. Bioactive phytocompounds for oral cancer prevention and treatment: A comprehensive and critical evaluation. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2025-2085. [PMID: 37143373 DOI: 10.1002/med.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence of oral cancer combined with excessive treatment cost underscores the need for novel oral cancer preventive and therapeutic options. The value of natural agents, including plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), in preventing carcinogenesis and representing expansive source of anticancer drugs have been established. While fragmentary research data are available on antioral cancer effects of phytochemicals, a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the potential of these agents for the prevention and intervention of human oral malignancies has not been conducted according to our knowledge. This study presents a complete and critical analysis of current preclinical and clinical results on the prevention and treatment of oral cancer using phytochemicals. Our in-depth analysis highlights anticancer effects of various phytochemicals, such as phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds, against numerous oral cancer cells and/or in vivo oral cancer models by antiproliferative, proapoptotic, cell cycle-regulatory, antiinvasive, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic effects. Bioactive phytochemicals exert their antineoplastic effects by modulating various signaling pathways, specifically involving the epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokine receptors, toll-like receptors, and tumor necrosis factor receptor and consequently alter the expression of downstream genes and proteins. Interestingly, phytochemicals demonstrate encouraging effects in clinical trials, such as reduction of oral lesion size, cell growth, pain score, and development of new lesions. While most phytochemicals displayed minimal toxicity, concerns with bioavailability may limit their clinical application. Future directions for research include more in-depth mechanistic in vivo studies, administration of phytochemicals using novel formulations, investigation of phytocompounds as adjuvants to conventional treatment, and randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsay K DeLiberto
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea M Allen
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Kaitlyn L Kilpatrick
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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16
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Su M, Bastiaens L, Verspreet J, Hayes M. Applications of Microalgae in Foods, Pharma and Feeds and Their Use as Fertilizers and Biostimulants: Legislation and Regulatory Aspects for Consideration. Foods 2023; 12:3878. [PMID: 37893770 PMCID: PMC10606004 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a rich resource of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and pigments with nutritional and health benefits. They increasingly find use as ingredients in functional foods and feeds as well as in cosmetics and agricultural products including biostimulants. One of their distinct advantages is their ability to grow on wastewaters and other waste streams, and they are considered an environmentally friendly and cheap method to recover nutrients and remove pollutants from the environment. However, there are limits concerning their applications if grown on certain waste streams. Within, we collate an overview of existing algal applications and current market scenarios for microalgal products as foods and feeds along with relevant legislative requirements concerning their use in Europe and the United States. Microalgal compounds of interest and their extraction and processing methodologies are summarized, and the benefits and caveats of microalgae cultivated in various waste streams and their applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- The Food BioSciences Department Ashtown, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 15D05 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Leen Bastiaens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Joran Verspreet
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Maria Hayes
- The Food BioSciences Department Ashtown, Teagasc Food Research Centre, 15D05 Dublin, Ireland;
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17
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Chekuri S, Vyshnava SS, Somisetti SL, Cheniya SBK, Gandu C, Anupalli RR. Isolation and anticancer activity of quercetin from Acalypha indica L. against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:289. [PMID: 37547624 PMCID: PMC10397153 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the active components of the plant were carefully extracted and identified using three solvent systems. After extraction, we used solvent systems to further purify the main flavonoid chemical constituent. As a result of our analytical strategy, which included HPLC analysis, MS/MS spectroscopic analysis, and NMR data-based constructions, quercetin was determined to be the main chemical constituent. Our study suggests the potential therapeutic advantages of quercetin, a compound found in the leaves of Acalypha indica, for treating breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Our comparison of Quercetin to the regularly prescribed medicine Doxorubicin shows that it has the capacity to inhibit MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Measurements of apoptosis and cell cycle phase showed this to be the case. Furthermore, a ladder that formed as a result of cellular damage brought on by ROS provided further proof of the drug's impact on DNA integrity. Notably, pro-apoptotic proteins displayed increased apoptosis activity in cells treated with quercetin. Given that it is extracted from plants and has less adverse effects than other compounds, quercetin is a viable option for further clinical study. The objective is to fight breast cancer, one of the most prevalent diseases in the world and a main cause of death for women. Thus, our research makes a significant addition to the ongoing search for potent, plant-based breast cancer treatments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03705-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Chekuri
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Satyanarayana Swamy Vyshnava
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Science, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh 515003 India
- Department of Microbiology, Keshav Memorial Institute of Commerce and Sciences, Narayanguda, Hyderabad, Telangana 500029 India
| | - Swarupa Lakshmi Somisetti
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and General Hospital, Suryapet, Telangana 508213 India
| | - Sai Bindu Karamthote Cheniya
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Chakradhar Gandu
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Taras Shevchenko Blvd 13, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Roja Rani Anupalli
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
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18
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Gouvarchinghaleh HE, Kiany F, Parastouei K, Alishiri G, Jafari NJ, Fooladi AAI, Pargar A, Ghazvini A, Mirnejad R, Raei M, Olounabadi AS, Babaei M, Heydari S, Rostami H, Shahriary A, Farnoosh G, Sobhani V, Mazhari MM, NajjarAsiabani F. The effects of functional foods mixture on inflammatory cytokines and biochemical findings in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:442. [PMID: 37408032 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been shown to affect nutritional recommendations. Some functional foods have been demonstrated to be useful in the treatment of people with COVID-19. However, little is known about the impact of combining functional foods on disease control. This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional foods mixture on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and biochemical findings in patients with COVID-19. METHODS A randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted in Baqiyatallah Al-Azam hospital in Tehran, Iran. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either a soup containing functional foods (n = 30) or a usual soup (control group) (n = 30). Participants' sociodemographic information was gathered using a general questionnaire. Blood levels of inflammatory markers and biochemical findings were assessed using standard protocols. RESULTS The results showed that soup containing functional foods was more effective in controlling serum levels of D-dimer, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine than the control group (P < 0.05). Also, more significant improvement was found in the intervention group vs control group in terms of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, and tumor necrose factor-α (P < 0.05). In contrast, the control intervention more efficiently controlled potassium levels and reduced quantitative C-reactive protein than the intervention group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a soup containing functional foods could alleviate biomarkers of inflammation in patients with COVID-19. However, its effectiveness on biochemical findings remained inconclusive which warranted further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT, IRCT20180201038585N11. Registered 23 August 2021, https://www.irct.ir/trial/57338.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fateme Kiany
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamhosein Alishiri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematollah Jonaidi Jafari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Pargar
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghazvini
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Babaei
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soleyman Heydari
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Rostami
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Mazhari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad NajjarAsiabani
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Croley CR, Pumarol J, Delgadillo BE, Cook AC, Day F, Kaceli T, Ward CC, Husain I, Husain A, Banerjee S, Bishayee A. Signaling pathways driving ocular malignancies and their targeting by bioactive phytochemicals. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108479. [PMID: 37330112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ocular cancers represent a rare pathology. The American Cancer Society estimates that 3,360 cases of ocular cancer occur annually in the United States. The major types of cancers of the eye include ocular melanoma (also known as uveal melanoma), ocular lymphoma, retinoblastoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. While uveal melanoma is one of the primary intraocular cancers with the highest occurrence in adults, retinoblastoma remains the most common primary intraocular cancer in children, and squamous cell carcinoma presents as the most common conjunctival cancer. The pathophysiology of these diseases involves specific cell signaling pathways. Oncogene mutations, tumor suppressor mutations, chromosome deletions/translocations and altered proteins are all described as causal events in developing ocular cancer. Without proper identification and treatment of these cancers, vision loss, cancer spread, and even death can occur. The current treatments for these cancers involve enucleation, radiation, excision, laser treatment, cryotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. These treatments present a significant burden to the patient that includes a possible loss of vision and a myriad of side effects. Therefore, alternatives to traditional therapy are urgently needed. Intercepting the signaling pathways for these cancers with the use of naturally occurring phytochemicals could be a way to relieve both cancer burden and perhaps even prevent cancer occurrence. This research aims to present a comprehensive review of the signaling pathways involved in various ocular cancers, discuss current therapeutic options, and examine the potential of bioactive phytocompounds in the prevention and targeted treatment of ocular neoplasms. The current limitations, challenges, pitfalls, and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Croley
- Healthcare Corporation of America, Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Hudson, FL 34667, USA
| | - Joshua Pumarol
- Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, FL 33027, USA
| | - Blake E Delgadillo
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Andrew C Cook
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Faith Day
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Tea Kaceli
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Caroline C Ward
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Imran Husain
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA
| | - Ali Husain
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA 16509, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713 301, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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20
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Kuo CM, Yang YC, Zhang WX, Wu JX, Chen YT, Lin CH, Lin MW, Lin CS. A Low-Cost Fertilizer Medium Supplemented with Urea for the Lutein Production of Chlorella sp. and the Ability of the Lutein to Protect Cells against Blue Light Irradiation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050594. [PMID: 37237664 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the use of organic fertilizers instead of modified f/2 medium for Chlorella sp. cultivation, and the extracted lutein of the microalga to protect mammal cells against blue-light irradiation. The biomass productivity and lutein content of Chlorella sp. cultured in 20 g/L fertilizer medium for 6 days were 1.04 g/L/d and 4.41 mg/g, respectively. These values are approximately 1.3- and 1.4-fold higher than those achieved with the modified f/2 medium, respectively. The cost of medium per gram of microalgal biomass reduced by about 97%. The microalgal lutein content was further increased to 6.03 mg/g in 20 g/L fertilizer medium when supplemented with 20 mM urea, and the cost of medium per gram lutein reduced by about 96%. When doses of ≥1 μM microalgal lutein were used to protect mammal NIH/3T3 cells, there was a significant reduction in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the cells in the following blue-light irradiation treatments. The results show that microalgal lutein produced by fertilizers with urea supplements has the potential to develop anti-blue-light oxidation products and reduce the economic challenges of microalgal biomass applied to carbon biofixation and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Mei Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Xin Zhang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Xun Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tso Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
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21
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Ávila-Román J, Gómez-Villegas P, de Carvalho CCCR, Vigara J, Motilva V, León R, Talero E. Up-Regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Antioxidant Pathway in Macrophages by an Extract from a New Halophilic Archaea Isolated in Odiel Saltworks. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051080. [PMID: 37237946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the progression of many inflammatory diseases. The search for antioxidants with the ability for scavenging free radicals from the body cells that reduce oxidative damage is essential to prevent and treat these pathologies. Haloarchaea are extremely halophilic microorganisms that inhabit hypersaline environments, such as saltworks or salt lakes, where they have to tolerate high salinity, and elevated ultraviolet (UV) and infrared radiations. To cope with these extreme conditions, haloarchaea have developed singular mechanisms to maintain an osmotic balance with the medium, and are endowed with unique compounds, not found in other species, with bioactive properties that have not been fully explored. This study aims to assess the potential of haloarchaea as a new source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. A carotenoid-producing haloarchaea was isolated from Odiel Saltworks (OS) and identified on the basis of its 16S rRNA coding gene sequence as a new strain belonging to the genus Haloarcula. The Haloarcula sp. OS acetone extract (HAE) obtained from the biomass contained bacterioruberin and mainly C18 fatty acids, and showed potent antioxidant capacity using ABTS assay. This study further demonstrates, for the first time, that pretreatment with HAE of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages results in a reduction in ROS production, a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and up-regulation of the factor Nrf2 and its target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), supporting the potential of the HAE as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of oxidative stress-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González Street, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health, and Environment, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla C C R de Carvalho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health, and Environment, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González Street, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Center for Natural Resources, Health, and Environment, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González Street, 41012 Seville, Spain
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22
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Thiviyanathan VA, Ker PJ, Amin EPP, Tang SGH, Yee W, Jamaludin MZ. Quantifying Microalgae Growth by the Optical Detection of Glucose in the NIR Waveband. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031318. [PMID: 36770982 PMCID: PMC9921349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have become a popular area of research over the past few decades due to their enormous benefits to various sectors, such as pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and food and feed. Nevertheless, the benefits of microalgae cannot be fully exploited without the optimization of their upstream production. The growth of microalgae is commonly measured based on the optical density of the sample. However, the presence of debris in the culture and the optical absorption of the intercellular components affect the accuracy of this measurement. As a solution, this paper introduces the direct optical detection of glucose molecules at 940-960 nm to accurately measure the growth of microalgae. In addition, this paper also discusses the effects of the presence of glucose on the absorption of free water molecules in the culture. The potential of the optical detection of glucose as a complement to the commonly used optical density measurement at 680 nm is discussed in this paper. Lastly, a few recommendations for future works are presented to further verify the credibility of glucose detection for the accurate determination of microalgae's growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pin Jern Ker
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (P.J.K.); (S.G.H.T.)
| | - Eric P. P. Amin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shirley Gee Hoon Tang
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (P.J.K.); (S.G.H.T.)
| | - Willy Yee
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - M. Z. Jamaludin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
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23
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Zhang Z, Han T, Sui J, Wang H. Cryptochrome-mediated blue-light signal contributes to carotenoids biosynthesis in microalgae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1083387. [PMID: 36620041 PMCID: PMC9813510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1083387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered as ideal cell factories for producing natural carotenoids which display favorable biological activities. As the most important abiotic factor, light not only provides energy for photosynthetic metabolism, but also regulates numerous biological processes. Blue light is the main wavelength of light that can travel through water. Previous studies have shown that blue light triggered carotenoid accumulation in several microalgae species, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Cryptochromes were blue-light-absorbing photoreceptors that have been found in all studied algal genomes. In this study, several different types of cryptochrome genes were cloned from Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Among them, cryptochrome genes HpCRY4 from H. pluvialis and PtCPF1 from P. tricornutum were upregulated under blue light treatment, in correlation with the increase of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin contents. Besides, heterologous expression and gene knockout was performed to verify the function of HpCRY4 and PtCPF1 in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in microalgae. These results indicate that carotenoid biosynthesis in microalgae promoted by blue light was mediated by cryptochromes as photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zhang
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Tianli Han
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Jikang Sui
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China,Shandong Energy Research Institute, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Hui Wang,
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24
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Are South African Wild Foods the Answer to Rising Rates of Cardiovascular Disease? DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rising burden of cardiovascular disease in South Africa gives impetus to managerial changes, particularly to the available foods in the market. Since there are many economically disadvantaged groups in urban societies who are at the forefront of the CVD burden, initiatives to make healthier foods available should focus on affordability in conjunction with improved phytochemical diversity to incentivize change. The modern obesogenic diet is deficient in phytochemicals that are protective against the metabolic products of sugar metabolism, i.e., inflammation, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial fatigue, whereas traditional southern African food species have high phytochemical diversity and are also higher in soluble dietary fibres that modulate the release of sugars from starches, nurture the microbiome and produce digestive artefacts that are prophylactic against cardiovascular disease. The examples of indigenous southern African food species with high horticultural potential that can be harvested sustainably to feed a large market of consumers include: Aloe marlothii, Acanthosicyos horridus, Adansonia digitata, Aloe ferox, Amaranthus hybridus, Annesorhiza nuda, Aponogeton distachyos, Bulbine frutescens, Carpobrotus edulis, Citrullus lanatus, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dovyalis caffra, Eleusine coracana, Lagenaria siceraria, Mentha longifolia, Momordica balsamina, Pelargonium crispum, Pelargonium sidoides, Pennisetum glaucum, Plectranthus esculentus, Schinziophyton rautanenii, Sclerocarya birrea, Solenostemon rotundifolius, Talinum caffrum, Tylosema esculentum, Vigna unguiculata and Vigna subterranea. The current review explains the importance of phytochemical diversity in the human diet, it gives a lucid explanation of phytochemical groups and links the phytochemical profiles of these indigenous southern African foods to their protective effects against cardiovascular disease.
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Gomaa AA, Farghaly HSM, Makboul RM, Hussien AM, Nicola MA. Polyphenols from Conyza dioscoridis (L.) ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease- like alterations through multi-targeting activities in two animal models. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:288. [PMID: 36348329 PMCID: PMC9644610 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent investigations suggested that anticancer agents may inhibit the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Conyza dioscoridis (L.) was demonstrated to have anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of polyphenols from Conyza dioscoridis (L.) extract (PCDE) on AD. Methods Impacts of 3 doses of PCDE and donepezil, a reference drug, on the features of Alzheimer's disease in two animal models were investigated. Results PCDE ameliorated the memory and learning impairment shown in rats following a single dose of scopolamine (scopolamine model) or 17 weeks of high-fat/high-fructose(HF/Hfr) diet coupled with a single dose of streptozotocin, (25 mg/kg) (T2D model). They reduced significantly the high hippocampal cholinesterase activity in the two models of rats. Administration of PCDE for 8 weeks in the T2D model showed a significant reduction in hippocampal GSK-3β, caspase-3 activity and increase in the inhibited glutamate receptor expression (AMPA GluR1 subunit and NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, NR2B). A significant reduction of HOMA-insulin resistance and serum hypercholesterolemia was observed. The Tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ 1–42 generation in the hippocampal of T2D rats were significantly decreased by PCDE. Modulation of the oxidative stress markers, (rise in GH and SOD; decrease in MDA levels) and a significant reduction of TNF-α and IL-1β in the hippocampus of T2D rats treated by PCDE extract were important findings in this study. The highest dose tested was 4% of the highest safe dose. Conclusion Our study suggests that PCDE is multi-targeting agent with multiple beneficial activities in combating features of AD. This study may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for AD treatment that warrants clinical studies.
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Burgos-Díaz C, Opazo-Navarrete M, Palacios JL, Verdugo L, Anguita-Barrales F, Bustamante M. Food-grade bioactive ingredient obtained from the Durvillaea incurvata brown seaweed: Antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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27
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Rivas A, Castiñeira M, Álvarez R, Vaz B, de Lera AR. Stereoselective Synthesis of Bisfuranoxide (Aurochrome, Auroxanthin) and Monofuranoxide (Equinenone 5',8'-Epoxide) Carotenoids by Double Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2302-2311. [PMID: 36121920 PMCID: PMC9693700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of C40-all-trans-carotenoids with the formal hexahydrobenzofuran skeletons aurochrome, auroxanthin, and equinenone-5',8'-epoxide is reported. The synthesis is based on a one-pot or stepwise double Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction of a terminal enantiopure C15-5,6-epoxycyclohexadienylphosphonate and a central C10-trienedial. The ring expansion of the epoxycyclohexadienylphosphonate, generated by a Stille cross-coupling reaction, to the hexahydrobenzofuran skeleton was promoted by the reaction conditions of the HWE reaction prior to double-bond formation.
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28
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Zhang L, Liao W, Huang Y, Wen Y, Chu Y, Zhao C. Global seaweed farming and processing in the past 20 years. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSeaweed has emerged as one of the most promising resources due to its remarkable adaptability, short development period, and resource sustainability. It is an effective breakthrough to alleviate future resource crises. Algal resources have reached a high stage of growth in the past years due to the increased output and demand for seaweed worldwide. Several aspects global seaweed farming production and processing over the last 20 years are reviewed, such as the latest situation and approaches of seaweed farming. Research progress and production trend of various seaweed application are discussed. Besides, the challenges faced by seaweed farming and processing are also analyzed, and the related countermeasures are proposed, which can provide advice for seaweed farming and processing. The primary products, extraction and application, or waste utilization of seaweed would bring greater benefits with the continuous development and improvement of applications in various fields.
Graphical Abstract
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29
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Bai Y, Cao T, Dautermann O, Buschbeck P, Cantrell MB, Chen Y, Lein CD, Shi X, Ware MA, Yang F, Zhang H, Zhang L, Peers G, Li X, Lohr M. Green diatom mutants reveal an intricate biosynthetic pathway of fucoxanthin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203708119. [PMID: 36095219 PMCID: PMC9499517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203708119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a major light-harvesting pigment in ecologically important algae such as diatoms, haptophytes, and brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Therefore, it is a major driver of global primary productivity. Species of these algal groups are brown colored because the high amounts of fucoxanthin bound to the proteins of their photosynthetic machineries enable efficient absorption of green light. While the structure of these fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins has recently been resolved, the biosynthetic pathway of fucoxanthin is still unknown. Here, we identified two enzymes central to this pathway by generating corresponding knockout mutants of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that are green due to the lack of fucoxanthin. Complementation of the mutants with the native genes or orthologs from haptophytes restored fucoxanthin biosynthesis. We propose a complete biosynthetic path to fucoxanthin in diatoms and haptophytes based on the carotenoid intermediates identified in the mutants and in vitro biochemical assays. It is substantially more complex than anticipated and reveals diadinoxanthin metabolism as the central regulatory hub connecting the photoprotective xanthophyll cycle and the formation of fucoxanthin. Moreover, our data show that the pathway evolved by repeated duplication and neofunctionalization of genes for the xanthophyll cycle enzymes violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase. Brown algae lack diadinoxanthin and the genes described here and instead use an alternative pathway predicted to involve fewer enzymes. Our work represents a major step forward in elucidating the biosynthesis of fucoxanthin and understanding the evolution, biogenesis, and regulation of the photosynthetic machinery in algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878
| | - Tianjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Oliver Dautermann
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Buschbeck
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael B. Cantrell
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878
| | - Yinjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Christopher D. Lein
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Maxwell A. Ware
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Martin Lohr
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Natural Substrates and Culture Conditions to Produce Pigments from Potential Microbes in Submerged Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pigments from bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria, and microalgae have been gaining more demand in the food, leather, and textile industries due to their natural origin and effective bioactive functions. Mass production of microbial pigments using inexpensive and ecofriendly agro-industrial residues is gaining more demand in the current research due to their low cost, natural origin, waste utilization, and high pigment stimulating characteristics. A wide range of natural substrates has been employed in submerged fermentation as carbon and nitrogen sources to enhance the pigment production from these microorganisms to obtain the required quantity of pigments. Submerged fermentation is proven to yield more pigment when added with agro-waste residues. Hence, in this review, aspects of potential pigmented microbes such as diversity, natural substrates that stimulate more pigment production from bacteria, fungi, yeast, and a few microalgae under submerged culture conditions, pigment identification, and ecological functions are detailed for the benefit of industrial personnel, researchers, and other entrepreneurs to explore pigmented microbes for multifaceted applications. In addition, some important aspects of microbial pigments are covered herein to disseminate the knowledge.
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Strychalski J, Gugołek A, Antoszkiewicz Z, Fopp-Bayat D, Kaczorek-Łukowska E, Snarska A, Zwierzchowski G, Król-Grzymała A, Matusevičius P. The Effect of the BCO2 Genotype on the Expression of Genes Related to Carotenoid, Retinol, and α-Tocopherol Metabolism in Rabbits Fed a Diet with Aztec Marigold Flower Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810552. [PMID: 36142463 PMCID: PMC9506012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the BCO2 genotype and the addition of Aztec marigold flower extract to rabbit diets on the expression of BCO1, BCO2, LRAT, and TTPA genes in the liver. The levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol in the liver and blood serum of rabbits, as well as plasma biochemical parameters and serum antioxidant enzyme activities were also determined. Sixty male Termond White growing rabbits were divided into three groups based on their genotype at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene (ins/ins, ins/del and del/del); each group was divided into two subgroups: one subgroup received a standard diet, and the other subgroup was fed a diet supplemented with 6 g/kg of marigold flower extract. The obtained results indicate that the BCO2 genotype may affect the expression levels of BCO1 and BCO2 genes in rabbits. Moreover, the addition of marigold extract to the diet of BCO2 del/del rabbits may increase the expression level of the BCO2 gene. Finally, an increase in the amount of lutein in the diet of rabbits with the BCO2 del/del genotype contributes to its increased accumulation in the liver and blood of animals without compromising their health status or liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Strychalski
- Department of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-895-234-442
| | - Andrzej Gugołek
- Department of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zofia Antoszkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Fopp-Bayat
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Kaczorek-Łukowska
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Snarska
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zwierzchowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Angelika Król-Grzymała
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulius Matusevičius
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry Technology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžes 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Montuori E, Capalbo A, Lauritano C. Marine Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810284. [PMID: 36142196 PMCID: PMC9499452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is considered a multifactorial disease etiologically divided into melanomas related to sun exposure and those that are not, but also based on their mutational signatures, anatomic site, and epidemiology. The incidence of melanoma skin cancer has been increasing over the past decades with 132,000 cases occurring globally each year. Marine organisms have been shown to be an excellent source of natural compounds with possible bioactivities for human health applications. In this review, we report marine compounds from micro- and macro-organisms with activities in vitro and in vivo against melanoma, including the compound Marizomib, isolated from a marine bacterium, currently in phase III clinical trials for melanoma. When available, we also report active concentrations, cellular targets and mechanisms of action of the mentioned molecules. In addition, compounds used for UV protection and melanoma prevention from marine sources are discussed. This paper gives an overview of promising marine molecules which can be studied more deeply before clinical trials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Montuori
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anita Capalbo
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815833221
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Archaea Carotenoids: Natural Pigments with Unexplored Innovative Potential. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080524. [PMID: 36005527 PMCID: PMC9410494 DOI: 10.3390/md20080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 40 years, marine microorganisms have raised great interest because of their major ecological function and their numerous applications for biotechnology and pharmacology. Particularly, Archaea represent a resource of great potential for the identification of new metabolites because of their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and their original metabolic pathways, allowing the synthesis of unique biomolecules. Studies on archaeal carotenoids are still relatively scarce and only a few works have focused on their industrial scale production and their biotechnological and pharmacological properties, while the societal demand for these bioactive pigments is growing. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on carotenoid metabolism in Archaea and the potential applications of these pigments in biotechnology and medicine. After reviewing the ecology and classification of these microorganisms, as well as their unique cellular and biochemical characteristics, this paper highlights the most recent data concerning carotenoid metabolism in Archaea, the biological properties of these pigments, and biotechnological considerations for their production at industrial scale.
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Mumu M, Das A, Emran TB, Mitra S, Islam F, Roy A, Karim MM, Das R, Park MN, Chandran D, Sharma R, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Kim B. Fucoxanthin: A Promising Phytochemical on Diverse Pharmacological Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929442. [PMID: 35983376 PMCID: PMC9379326 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a special carotenoid having an allenic bond in its structure. FX is extracted from a variety of algae and edible seaweeds. It has been proved to contain numerous health benefits and preventive effects against diseases like diabetes, obesity, liver cirrhosis, malignant cancer, etc. Thus, FX can be used as a potent source of both pharmacological and nutritional ingredient to prevent infectious diseases. In this review, we gathered the information regarding the current findings on antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin protective, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and other properties of FX including its bioavailability and stability characteristics. This review aims to assist further biochemical studies in order to develop further pharmaceutical assets and nutritional products in combination with FX and its various metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaza Mumu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ayan Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Talha Bin Emran, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Md. Mobarak Karim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Talha Bin Emran, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Talha Bin Emran, ; Abubakr M. Idris, ; Bonglee Kim,
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Cui H, Su Y, Wei W, Xu F, Gao J, Zhang W. How Microalgae is Effective in Oxygen Deficiency Aggravated Diseases? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3101-3122. [PMID: 35874112 PMCID: PMC9297331 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s368763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia can aggravate the conditions of many oxygen-deficiency-aggravated diseases (ODAD), such as cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic wounds. Photosynthetic microalgae can alleviate the hepatotoxicity of the local microenvironment by producing oxygen. In addition, microalgae extracts have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. These properties make them attractive candidates for developing methods to treat ODAD. Although researchers have exploited the advantages of microalgae and developed a variety of microalgae-based biomaterials to treat ODAD, a comprehensive review of this topic has not been presented previously. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the development and progress made in the field of developing microalgae-based biomaterials toward the treatment of ODAD. The challenges and prospects of this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqing Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Carotenoids in Human SkinIn Vivo: Antioxidant and Photo-Protectant Role against External and Internal Stressors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081451. [PMID: 35892651 PMCID: PMC9394334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant system of the human body plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and has an important protective function. Carotenoids have pronounced antioxidant properties in the neutralization of free radicals. In human skin, carotenoids have a high concentration in the stratum corneum (SC)-the horny outermost layer of the epidermis, where they accumulate within lipid lamellae. Resonance Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are optical methods that are used to non-invasively determine the carotenoid concentration in the human SC in vivo. It was shown by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that carotenoids support the entire antioxidant status of the human SC in vivo by neutralizing free radicals and thus, counteracting the development of oxidative stress. This review is devoted to assembling the kinetics of the carotenoids in the human SC in vivo using non-invasive optical and spectroscopic methods. Factors contributing to the changes of the carotenoid concentration in the human SC and their influence on the antioxidant status of the SC in vivo are summarized. The effect of chemotherapy on the carotenoid concentration of the SC in cancer patients is presented. A potential antioxidant-based pathomechanism of chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and a method to reduce its frequency and severity are discussed.
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Mayer C, Côme M, Ulmann L, Martin I, Zittelli GC, Faraloni C, Ouguerram K, Chénais B, Mimouni V. The Potential of the Marine Microalga Diacronema lutheri in the Prevention of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat-Fed Wistar Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134246. [PMID: 35807489 PMCID: PMC9268017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 series (n-3 LC-PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, are known to exert preventive effects on obesity and metabolic syndrome. Mainly consumed in the form of fish oil, LC-PUFAs n-3 are also found in significant quantities in other sources such as certain microalgae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Diacronema lutheri (Dia), a microalga rich in n-3 LC-PUFAs, on metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Three groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) were submitted for eight weeks to a standard diet or high-fat and high-fructose diet (HF), supplemented or not with 12% of Dia (HF-Dia). Compared to HF rats, HF-Dia rats showed a 41% decrease in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and an increase in plasma cholesterol (+35%) as well as in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+51%) without change to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Although fasting glycemia did not change, glucose and insulin tolerance tests highlighted an improvement in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Dia supplementation restored body weight and fat mass, and decreased levels of liver TAG (−75%) and cholesterol (−84%). In HF-Dia rats, leptin was decreased (−30%) below the control level corresponding to a reduction of 68% compared to HF rats. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 were restored up to control levels, corresponding to a 74% and 58% increase in HF rats, respectively. In contrast, the level of IL-6 remained similar in the HF and HF-Dia groups and about twice that of the control. In conclusion, these results indicated that the D. lutheri microalga may be beneficial for the prevention of weight gain and improvement in lipid and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mayer
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Martine Côme
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Isabelle Martin
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Graziella Chini Zittelli
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 PhAN, Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, INRAe, CHU Hôtel Dieu, IMAD, CRNH Ouest, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Benoît Chénais
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, F-72085 Le Mans, France
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (V.M.)
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Fu X, Gómez-Gómez L, Rivera-Madrid R. Editorial: Interactions Between Biochemical Pathways Producing Plant Colors and Scents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955431. [PMID: 35812921 PMCID: PMC9257432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Instituto Botánico, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Lau TY, Kwan HY. Fucoxanthin Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060370. [PMID: 35736173 PMCID: PMC9229252 DOI: 10.3390/md20060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although there are first-line treatments for BC, drug resistances and adverse events have been reported. Given the incidence of BC keeps increasing, seeking novel therapeutics is urgently needed. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a dietary carotenoid commonly found in seaweeds and diatoms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Fx and its deacetylated metabolite fucoxanthinol (Fxol) inhibit and prevent BC growth. The NF-κB signaling pathway is considered the major pathway contributing to the anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptotic effects of Fx and Fxol. Other signaling molecules such as MAPK, MMP2/9, CYP and ROS are also involved in the anti-cancer effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment, cancer metastasis, carcinogen metabolism and oxidation. Besides, Fx also possesses anti-obesity effects by regulating UCP1 levels and lipid metabolism, which may help to reduce BC risk. More importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that Fx overcomes drug resistance. This review aims to give an updated summary of the anti-cancer effects of Fx and summarize the underlying mechanisms of action, which will provide novel strategies for the development of Fx as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent.
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De Novo Transcriptome of the Flagellate Isochrysis galbana Identifies Genes Involved in the Metabolism of Antiproliferative Metabolites. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050771. [PMID: 35625500 PMCID: PMC9138222 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Haptophytes are important primary producers in the oceans, and among the phylum Haptophyta, the flagellate Isochrysis galbana has been found to be rich in high-value compounds, such as lipids, carotenoids and highly branched polysaccharides. In the present work, I. galbana was cultured and collected at both stationary and exponential growth phases. A transcriptomic approach was used to analyze the possible activation of metabolic pathways responsible for bioactive compound synthesis at the gene level. Differential expression analysis of samples collected at the exponential versus stationary growth phase allowed the identification of genes involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolic process, the sterol biosynthetic process, ADP-ribose diphosphatase activity and others. I. galbana raw extracts and fractions were tested on specific human cancer cells for possible antiproliferative activity. The most active fractions, without affecting normal cells, were fractions enriched in nucleosides (fraction B) and triglycerides (fraction E) for algae collected in the exponential growth phase and fraction E for stationary phase samples. Overall, transcriptomic and bioactivity data confirmed the activation of metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds giving new insights on possible Isochrysis applications in the anticancer sector.
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Hussain Y, Abdullah, Alsharif KF, Aschner M, Theyab A, Khan F, Saso L, Khan H. Therapeutic Role of Carotenoids in Blood Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Nutrients 2022; 14:1949. [PMID: 35565917 PMCID: PMC9104383 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cancers are characterized by pathological disorders causing uncontrolled hematological cell division. Various strategies were previously explored for the treatment of blood cancers, including chemotherapy, Car-T therapy, targeting chimeric antigen receptors, and platelets therapy. However, all these therapies pose serious challenges that limit their use in blood cancer therapy, such as poor metabolism. Furthermore, the solubility and stability of anticancer drugs limit efficacy and bio-distribution and cause toxicity. The isolation and purification of natural killer cells during Car-T cell therapy is a major challenge. To cope with these challenges, treatment strategies from phyto-medicine scaffolds have been evaluated for blood cancer treatments. Carotenoids represent a versatile class of phytochemical that offer therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of cancer, and specifically blood cancer. Carotenoids, through various signaling pathways and mechanisms, such as the activation of AMPK, expression of autophagy biochemical markers (p62/LC3-II), activation of Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaaling pathway, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), increased level of reactive oxygen species, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP), c-caspase-3, -7, decreased level of Bcl-xL, cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and decreasing STAT3 expression results in apoptosis induction and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. This review article focuses the therapeutic potential of carotenoids in blood cancers, addressing various mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- Lab of Controlled Release and Drug Delivery System, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, Bashir Institute of Health Sciences, Bharakahu, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan;
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10463, USA;
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 14799, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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A Novel Approach for Fast Screening of a Complex Cyanobacterial Extract for Immunomodulatory Properties and Antibacterial Activity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous cyanobacteria from genus Phormidium are rich natural sources of bioactive compounds that could be exploited as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals. In this study, we suggest a novel approach for assessing the immunomodulatory properties of the products derived from cyanobacteria. The influence of Phormidium papyraceum extract on the human leukocyte immunophenotype was evaluated by attempting to link this activity to certain putative compounds identified in the extract. By using three staining panels and flow cytometry, we found that the cyanobacterial extract affected mainly CD4+ T cells upregulating activated CD4+CD152+ T cells (15.75 ± 1.93% treated vs. 4.65 ± 1.41% control) and regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells (5.36 ± 0.64% treated vs. 1.03 ± 0.08% control). Furthermore, P. papyraceum extract can modulate T cell subpopulations with a CD4+ effector/memory phenotype. Extract-treated cells showed increased production of IL-2 (55 ± 12 pg/mL) and IL-6 (493 ± 64 pg/mL) compared to the untreated, 21 ± 7 pg/mL and 250 ± 39 pg/mL, respectively. No significant changes were observed in the secretion of TNF-α. In addition, P. papyraceum extract displayed antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (inhibition zone from 18.25 ± 0.50 mm to 20.28 ± 1.50 mm) and Gram-positive (inhibition zone from 10.86 ± 0.85 mm to 17.00 ± 0.82 mm) bacteria. The chemical profile of the cyanobacterial extract was determined using LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis, where at least 112 putative compounds were detected. Many of these compounds have proven different biological activities. We speculated that compounds such as betulin and the macrolide azithromycin (or their analogues) could be responsible for the immunomodulatory potential of the investigated extract. More studies are needed to determine and validate the biological activities of the determined putative compounds.
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Optimal Nitrate Supplementation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum Culture Medium Increases Biomass and Fucoxanthin Production. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040568. [PMID: 35206051 PMCID: PMC8871257 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom with numerous potential applications in the industry, including the production of high-value carotenoid pigments such as fucoxanthin. This compound is a potent antioxidant currently extracted mainly from brown macroalgae. Fucoxanthin exhibits several biological properties with well-known beneficial effects in the treatment and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. P. tricornutum offers a valuable alternative to macroalgae for fucoxanthin production as it has a specific productivity that is 10-fold higher as compared with macroalgae. However, production processes still need to be optimised to become a cost-effective alternative. In this work, we investigated the optimal supplementation of nitrate in a cultivation medium that is currently used for P. tricornutum and how this nitrate concentration affects cell growth and fucoxanthin production. It has previously been shown that the addition of sodium nitrate increases productivity, but optimal conditions were not accurately determined. In this report, we observed that the continuous increase in nitrate concentration did not lead to an increase in biomass and fucoxanthin content, but there was rather a window of optimal values of nitrate that led to maximum growth and pigment production. These results are discussed considering both the scale up for industrial production and the profitability of the process, as well as the implications in the cell’s metabolism and effects in fucoxanthin production.
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The Association between Carotenoids and Head and Neck Cancer Risk. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010088. [PMID: 35010963 PMCID: PMC8746385 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) includes oral cavity cancer (OCC), pharyngeal cancer (PC), and laryngeal cancer (LC). It is one of the most frequent cancers in the world. Smoking and alcohol consumption are the typical well-known predictors of HNC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an increasing etiological factor for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Moreover, food and nutrition play an important role in HNC etiology. According to the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research, an intake of non-starchy vegetables and fruits could decrease HNC risk. The carotenoids included in vegetables and fruits are well-known antioxidants which have anti-mutagenic and immune regulatory functions. Numerous studies have shown the relationship between carotenoid intake and a lower HNC risk, but the role of carotenoids in HNC risk is not well defined. The goal of this review is to present the current literature regarding the relationship between various carotenoids and HNC risk.
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Bae JY, Park WS, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Kang KK, Kwak SS, Ahn MJ. Protective Effect of Carotenoid Extract from Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato on Gastric Ulcer in Mice by Inhibition of NO, IL-6 and PGE 2 Production. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121320. [PMID: 34959718 PMCID: PMC8708544 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Convolvulaceae is widely distributed in Asian areas from tropical to warm-temperature regions. Their tubers are known for their antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcer activities. The preventive and therapeutic effects of orange-fleshed sweet potato on gastric ulcers have not been investigated. In this study, the carotenoid extract (CE) of orange-fleshed sweet potato was found to protect against gastric ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol in mice. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the carotenoid pigment extract were also evaluated as possible evidence of their protective effects. Administration of CE reduced gastric ulcers. Oral administration of CE (100 mg/kg) protected against gastric ulcers by 78.1%, similar to the positive control, sucralfate (77.5%). CE showed potent reducing power and decreased nitric oxide production in a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, in a concentration-dependent manner. The production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 was also reduced by CE in a dose-dependent manner. The high carotenoid content of orange-fleshed sweet potato could play a role in its protective effect against gastric ulcers. This result suggests the possibility of developing functional products using this nutrient-fortified material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeong Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Woo-Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.-S.P.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.-S.P.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ho-Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (S.-S.K.)
| | - Kwon-Kyoo Kang
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (S.-S.K.)
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.-S.P.); (H.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2425
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